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急性淋巴细胞白血病@开始治疗后，应严密监测患者是否出现肿瘤溶解综合征。急性淋巴细胞白血病@ 目前，中枢神经系统疾病的推荐治疗方案包括频繁的（一周两次）鞘内单用甲氨蝶呤或与阿糖胞苷和氢化可的松联用（三联）和系统性应用能通过血脑屏障的HDAC(大剂量阿糖胞苷)或HDM(大剂量甲氨蝶呤)。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肿瘤溶解综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【病因】 先天储铁不足胎儿从母体获得的铁以妊娠最后3个月最多，故早产、双胎或多胎、胎儿失血和孕母严重缺铁等均可使胎儿储铁减少。 铁摄入量不足这是缺铁性贫血的主要原因。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天储铁不足"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "铁摄入量不足"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
前置胎盘@所有完全性前置胎盘病例最终将需要进行剖宫产。前置胎盘@剖宫产可能引发大出血，还可能需要进行剖宫产子宫切除术（或子宫动脉栓塞，或其他介入性放射学操作），且应仅由有经验的医生执行手术。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "完全性前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "完全性前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "剖宫产子宫切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "完全性前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "子宫动脉栓塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "完全性前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "剖宫产"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
最新数据显示，重度先兆子痫患者和第3类HELLP或不完全／部分HELLP综合征患者的孕产妇严重病症患病率相似，大约为 20%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "重度先兆子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "20%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
先天性睾丸发育不全综合征又称Klinefelter综合征,是一种发病率较高的性染色体疾病，由于性染色体异常导致睾丸发育不全和不育。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "睾丸发育不全",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "性染色体异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "不育",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "性染色体异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
Mollaret脑膜炎的主要表现是反复发作性的发热、头痛、疲劳及脑膜刺激征。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Mollaret脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反复发作性的发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Mollaret脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Mollaret脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疲劳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Mollaret脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑膜刺激征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
感染性心内膜炎@ [ 心房黏液瘤 ](/topics/zh-cn/1054) ### Libman-Sacks心内膜炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 患者一般无症状，且有提示系统性红斑狼疮的病史。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心房黏液瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Libman-Sacks心内膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
喉癌@伴有吞咽固体食物困难及吞咽疼痛，近2个月体重减轻7kg。喉癌@既往高血压及慢性阻塞性肺疾病，药物控制良好。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "喉癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重减轻7kg"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
破伤风@进一步治疗自主神经失调可能需要使用β受体阻滞剂。破伤风@关于β受体阻滞剂的选择和剂量决策，应咨询专科医生。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "自主神经失调",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "β受体阻滞剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "β受体阻滞剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
登革热@患者可能会出现利尿现象，此时应注意低钾血症的可能。登革热@如果发生这种情况，应停止静脉输液并给予富钾的液体。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "低钾血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "富钾的液体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "低钾血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "静脉输液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@可表现为恶心，呕吐，体重下降。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肝硬化@上消化道内镜检查胃食管静脉曲张。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "胃食管静脉曲张",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上消化道内镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
脓气胸（pyopneumothorax)肺脏边缘的脓肿破裂并与肺泡或小支气管相通,即造成脓气胸。胸部叩诊积液上方呈鼓音，听诊呼吸 音减弱或消失。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "脓气胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部叩诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "脓气胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "听诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "脓气胸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "pyopneumothorax"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
成人哮喘@### 体格检查 支气管哮喘患者查体可以是正常的。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
三、室管膜瘤 室管膜瘤（ependymoma）发生于脑室的室管膜细胞，占儿童中枢神经系统原发性肿瘤5%～10%。幕上肿瘤尚可伴有癫痫及局部脑损害症状。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "室管膜瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "癫痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "室管膜瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局部脑损害症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "幕上肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "癫痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "幕上肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局部脑损害"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "室管膜瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ependymoma"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "室管膜瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑室的室管膜细胞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
第九节 新生儿流行性腹泻 新生儿流行性腹泻（epidemic diarrhea of the newborn）是指在产科婴儿室或医院新生儿病房中暴发流行的腹泻。病原以细菌、病毒、真菌、寄生虫较为常见，主要通过孕母产道、被污染的乳品、水、乳头、食具、成人带菌者等传播。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "真菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "寄生虫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌、病毒、真菌、寄生虫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "epidemic diarrhea of the newborn"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
感染性心内膜炎@ ### 弱 查看全部 ### 心脏植入式电子设备或血管内导管的存在（例如血液透析） 可能与感染性心内膜炎发生风险的增加有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血液透析"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
二、先天性二尖瓣关闭不全 单纯的先天性二尖瓣关闭不全（congenital mitral insufficiency）少见，多合并于其他心脏畸形、结缔组织病及代谢性疾病。 【心导管检查】 心导管检查时，肺毛细血管嵌压、左心房压及左心室舒张末期压升高。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "先天性二尖瓣关闭不全",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心导管检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
中耳炎@乳突炎对胃肠外抗生素治疗反应良好；一些患者可能需要转诊到耳鼻喉科进行治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "乳突炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "就诊科室",
"subject": "乳突炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "耳鼻喉科"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
肥厚型心肌病@必须使用超声心动图来确诊疾病，其典型特征是非对称性室间隔肥厚。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声心动图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非对称性室间隔肥厚"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
【诊断】 支气管肺炎的诊断比较简单,一般有发热、咳嗽、呼吸急促的症状，肺部听诊闻及中、细湿啰音和 (或)胸部影像学有肺炎的改变均可诊断为支气管肺炎。 肺结核 一般有结核接触史，结核菌素试验阳性，胸部X线检査示肺部有结核病灶可资鉴别。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "支气管肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺结核"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支气管肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支气管肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支气管肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸急促"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "支气管肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部听诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺结核",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部有结核病灶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
细菌性脑膜炎@甲氧西林耐药 – 首选 – 抗生素靶向治疗 #### 第一选择 [ 盐酸万古霉素 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 新生儿：剂量请咨询指导专家；儿童：60 mg/kg/天，分次静脉给药，每6 小时一次；成人：500~750mg，静脉给药，每 6 小时一次。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素靶向治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
感染性心内膜炎@克林霉素是对青霉素过敏的感染性心内膜炎高风险患者的首选。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "克林霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
病毒性脑膜炎@革兰氏染色可见细菌，并且CSF 或血液培养可以分离到细菌。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CSF"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血液培养"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第二节 过敏性紫癜 【概述】 过敏性紫癜（anaphylactoid purpura）也称亨-舒综合征（Henöch-Schöhlein syndrome，Henoöch-Schönlein purpura，HSP），是一种以小血管炎为主要病变的系统性血管炎，临床表现为皮肤紫癜，常伴关节炎、腹痛、便血和肾小球肾炎；多发于学龄前和学龄期儿童，男孩多于女孩，一年四季均有发病，以春秋两季居多，国内报告HSP患病率有逐年增高趋势。 【治疗】 （一）一般治疗 卧床休息，积极寻找和去除致病因素，控制感染，补充维生素。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "卧床休息"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "控制感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "补充维生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "anaphylactoid purpura"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亨-舒综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Henöch-Schöhlein syndrome"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Henoöch-Schönlein purpura"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HSP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤紫癜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男孩多于女孩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "春秋两季居多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "春秋"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@ 女性的AD患病率高于男性。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "AD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "女性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
二、肺动脉瓣下狭窄 孤立性弥漫性肺动脉瓣下狭窄而肺动脉瓣正常极其罕见。 继发于左心室显著肥厚的弥漫性室间隔肥厚可突入右室或流出道，因而造成梗阻（Bernheim效应）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肺动脉瓣下狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "梗阻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "梗阻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Bernheim效应"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@结果 升高 ### 代谢指标 检查 结果 检查 结果 如果腹泻脱水肌酐会升高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脱水肌酐会升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@在美国，白人中的HELLP比非洲裔美国人或西班牙裔更常见。HELLP 综合征@尽管高龄孕妇（＞35岁）是一个显著的危险因素，但孕妇就诊时的平均年龄为23至25岁。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高龄孕妇（＞35岁）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "23至25岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白人"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@适合切除 – 联合 – 围手术期注射奥曲肽 针对经选择患者组全部患者的治疗推荐 #### 第一选择 [ 奥曲肽 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 应用剂量咨询相关专家 类癌综合征患者手术前应该开始输注奥曲肽以防止类癌瘤危象。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奥曲肽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类癌瘤危象",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奥曲肽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（四）药物影响 异烟肼、环丝氨酸、L-多巴、肼苯达嗪、D-青霉胺、四环素等均可导致维生素B6缺乏。 （五）吸收障碍 如患有消化系统疾病，如慢性腹泻、肠道感染、肠吸收不良综合征等疾病均可减少维生素B6的吸收。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "维生素B6缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸收障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "维生素B6缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "药物影响"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "维生素B6缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "异烟肼"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "维生素B6缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环丝氨酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "维生素B6缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "L-多巴"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "维生素B6缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "D-青霉胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "维生素B6缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "四环素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@是否接受大剂量疗法和移植应基于年龄和合并症。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "移植"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
第四节 永存动脉干 永存动脉干（truncus arteriosus）是指单一的动脉干起自心脏并发出主动脉、肺动脉和冠状动脉。Collett及Edwards依据体、肺循环状况将之分为四型：①Ⅰ型：有短段的肺总动脉存在并发出肺动脉分支；②Ⅱ型：无肺总动脉段，左、右肺动脉分别发自动脉干，但两者起源部分紧贴；③Ⅲ型：无肺总动脉段，左、右肺动脉分别发自动脉干，但两者起源部分远离；④Ⅳ型：称假性永存动脉干，肺循环由降主动脉发出侧支循环供应。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "永存动脉干",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Ⅰ型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "永存动脉干",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Ⅱ型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "永存动脉干",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Ⅲ型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "永存动脉干",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Ⅳ型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "永存动脉干",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "truncus arteriosus"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "Ⅳ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "假性永存动脉干"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
甘露醇主要用于脑水肿，该药属高渗性利尿剂，患者心衰或潜在心衰时禁用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "脑水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甘露醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@[ 主动脉夹层 ](/topics/zh-cn/445) ### 肺栓塞 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 患者的典型表现为胸膜炎导致的胸部尖锐刺痛急性发作，并与气促有关。 ST段抬高型心肌梗死@心电图可能显示窦性心动过速或右心室劳损，Ⅰ导联有明显的S波、Ⅲ导联有明显的Q波以及Ⅲ导联T波改变(S1Q3T3)。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "肺栓塞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肺栓塞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺栓塞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气促"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺栓塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
通常在起病后3～5天出现手掌及足底发红，双手足硬肿。川崎病起病后1～2月，在指甲上可出现横沟（Beau线）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手掌及足底发红"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双手足硬肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "指甲上可出现横沟",
"subject_type": "症状",
"object": {
"@value": "Beau线"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "指甲上可出现横沟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
痛风@### 高脂血症 在流行病学研究中已经发现，高甘油三酯血症和高胆固醇血症会增加痛风和/或痛风发作的风险。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高脂血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高甘油三酯血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高胆固醇血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
急性咽喉炎@青霉素过敏时，可谨慎使用大环内酯、头孢菌素或克林霉素。 急性咽喉炎@曾有报道A型链球菌对大环内酯类抗生素耐药。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性咽喉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大环内酯"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性咽喉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头孢菌素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性咽喉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "克林霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性咽喉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
缺血性卒中@结果 正常；或心脏肥大、主动脉夹层、肺炎 ### CT血管造影 检查 结果 检查 在一些中心，CT/MRI平扫后立即进行CT血管造影以识别颅内和颅外血管病变。 缺血性卒中@结果 识别动脉狭窄或闭塞 ### CT或MR静脉造影 检查 结果 检查 如果常规成像检查未能显示动脉闭塞，而梗死的影像学和临床表现呈现出静脉梗死的特征（例如，缺血组织的范围与血管灌注范围不一致，严重的出血性转化和/或水肿，顽固性癫痫发作，颅内压增高体征），则可通过CT或MR血管造影评估脑静脉窦是否通畅。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT或MR静脉造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT血管造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
用维生素A治疗维生素A缺乏症，疗效迅速而有效。早产儿应适当早期添加维生素A。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "维生素A缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早期添加维生素A"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "维生素A缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维生素A"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@## 诊断步骤 所有胸痛患者到医院后都应当进行紧急评估，鉴别是心原性胸痛，还是非心原性胸痛。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "胸痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心原性胸痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "胸痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非心原性胸痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
感染性心内膜炎@这些似乎更取决于病理学和潜在危险因素，包括增加的抗生素耐药性、更常见的医疗卫生相关心内膜炎增加和静脉使用毒品者比例的变化。 感染性心内膜炎@在资源丰富的国家，感染性心内膜炎更常见于心脏瓣膜术后或是医源性或院内感染的结果，而慢性风湿性疾病则是一种罕见的病因。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性风湿性疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
三、囊性腺瘤样畸形 囊性腺瘤样畸形（cystic adenomatoid malformation）可能由于胚胎早期（胎龄35天前）受到损害，影响终末细支气管结构的发育所致。体格检查肺呼吸音减弱，伴纵隔向健侧移位。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "囊性腺瘤样畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺呼吸音减弱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "囊性腺瘤样畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伴纵隔向健侧移位"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "囊性腺瘤样畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "cystic adenomatoid malformation"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@应记录皮肤类型和累积的紫外线暴露史（例如日光暴露、紫外线床、补骨脂素以及银屑病长波紫外线治疗）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "累积的紫外线暴露史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "日光暴露"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "紫外线床"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "补骨脂素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "银屑病长波紫外线治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
急性阑尾炎@表现不典型的患者同样需要做 CT 检查。 急性阑尾炎@据报告，在识别急性阑尾炎方面，CT 扫描的敏感性和特异性分别为 94% 和 95%。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT 检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT 扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
大动脉炎@ （一）Ⅰ型 主要累及主动脉弓及其分支，也称头臂动脉型，脑缺血引起头昏、头痛及眩晕，严重时有反复晕厥、抽搐、失语、偏瘫或昏迷。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "Ⅰ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "主动脉弓及其分支"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "Ⅰ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头臂动脉型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Ⅰ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头昏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Ⅰ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Ⅰ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眩晕"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Ⅰ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反复晕厥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Ⅰ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抽搐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Ⅰ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "失语"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Ⅰ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "偏瘫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Ⅰ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "昏迷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胃炎@ 内镜下有萎缩性胃炎和/或肠化生证据的患者，推荐在胃体取活检，而非胃窦，并进行吉姆萨染色或 Warthin-Starry 银染。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
心肌炎@### 心悸 心肌炎患者常常描述心悸。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心悸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
麻风病@ * 少菌型 (PB) 病变（1-5 处病变）：使用利福平、氨苯砜至少 6 个月。麻风病@ 利福平 * 经证明，标准的每月剂量相对无毒性。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "少菌型 (PB) 病变",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "利福平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "少菌型 (PB) 病变",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氨苯砜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "少菌型 (PB) 病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "利福平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
白内障@截至目前，没有局部用药物或全身性药物显示可延迟白内障的发展或者减少已经存在的晶状体混浊。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "可延迟白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局部用药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "可延迟白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全身性药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
进行性肌营养不良（progressive muscular dystrophy )是一组遗传性肌肉变性疾病。疾病后期发生肌肉挛缩，引起膝、腕关节或上臂屈曲畸形。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "进行性肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌肉挛缩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "进行性肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "progressive muscular dystrophy"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
妊娠胆汁淤积@ICP也导致可逆性的胆汁形成受损，包括肝细胞的囊泡转运受损。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "ICP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "可逆性的胆汁形成受损"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@需要长期进行抗生素治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
卵巢癌@手术干预可能带来严重的并发症，但是可以缓解特定患者的症状。卵巢癌@ ### 有症状的腹水 | 存在差异 | 中 诊断时已有腹水的晚期卵巢癌患者常见，通过化疗常常可以缓解。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "晚期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "晚期卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "已有腹水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
毛细胞白血病@## 二级预防 由于病因学不清，无法推荐有效的预防方法。毛细胞白血病@推荐健康饮食，定期保健，因为血细胞减少的患者可能暴露于感染的风险增加。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "毛细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "健康饮食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "毛细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "定期保健"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@所有其他患者应该每5年进行结肠镜检查。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结肠镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
（三）免疫抑制剂 适用于难治性肾病综合征。也可用黄芪、生地、知母及白术等滋阴补气中药治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄芪"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生地"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "知母"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
成人特发性高钙尿者最终可有40%～60%发生肾结石，而儿童仅有2%～5%可出现肾结石。 （三）尿路结石 小儿肾结石中仅2%～5%系由本病引起。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "特发性高钙尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿路结石"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "特发性高钙尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾结石"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿路结石"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
肾小球肾炎@ ### 高血压 | 长期 | 高 大多数肾小球肾炎患者因 GFR 下降，水盐重吸收增加会出现高血压。肾小球肾炎@初始治疗可尝试低盐饮食和运动。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低盐饮食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "运动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性阑尾炎@症状持续时间越长，发生有并发症阑尾炎（穿孔或腹腔内脓肿）的可能性越大， 和老年患者（>50 岁） ### 体格检查 通常，生命体征不会明显变化。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "穿孔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹腔内脓肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
食物中毒@二线治疗包括克拉霉素和阿奇霉素。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "克拉霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿奇霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@### 毛霉菌性脑膜炎 脂质体两性霉素 B 在治疗 CNS 疾病方面比脂质配方更有效，这使其成为治疗 CNS 毛霉菌病的一线药物，而脂质处方为二线药物。 真菌性脑膜炎@鼻窦真菌感染的积极手术清创是药物疗法取得成功的关键。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "毛霉菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "积极手术清创"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "真菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "毛霉菌性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
IgA肾病从病理变化到临床表现都有很大差异，预后也有很大区别，因此，治疗措施必须做到个体化。短期抗生素治疗对于控制急性期症状也有一定作用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "IgA肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（三）其他检查 在A型萎缩性胃炎（胃体胃炎）血清中可出现壁细胞抗体、胃泌素抗体和内因子抗体等。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "A型萎缩性胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃体胃炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@### 黑人美洲原住民 黑人和美洲原住民血统人群的 SIDS 比率是白人的 2-3 倍。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黑人美洲原住民"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
失眠症@### 5HT2A 拮抗剂 5HT2A 拮抗剂可帮助改善睡眠维持且对睡眠结构有作用，包括增加慢波睡眠。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5HT2A 拮抗剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
膀胱癌@原位癌通常表现为排尿困难和尿频，容易与前列腺炎混淆。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "原位癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "排尿困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "原位癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿频"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
妊娠胆汁淤积@瓜尔豆胶增加了胆盐从粪便排泄，缓解瘙痒并稳定胆汁酸的生成。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "瓜尔豆胶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@ 4分（Cambridge II级） * 严重程度：中度 * ERCP：发现3处以上分支胰管异常，同时伴有主胰管异常。慢性胰腺炎@ * 超声/CT扫描中异常与3分一致。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ERCP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "主胰管异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
心肌炎@结果 常常轻度升高 ### 血清CK-MB 检查 结果 检查 评估有疑似心肌损伤的患者时，应立即进行此检查。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清CK-MB"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
（二）皮内毛细血管瘤 有3种临床变异型，出生后即有。 3.蜘蛛痣 又称星状血管瘤，其特征是从一个皮下中心小动脉，发出许多放射形扩张的皮内毛细血管，形态酷似蜘蛛。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "皮内毛细血管瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蜘蛛痣"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "蜘蛛痣",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "星状血管瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@### 男性 在相同年龄，男性的急性心肌梗死患病风险较绝经期前女性高，而女性绝经期后的发生率与男性相似。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
（三）溃疡样消化不良 主要表现与十二指肠溃疡特点相同，夜间痛，饥饿痛，进食或服抗酸剂能缓解，可伴有反酸，少数患者伴胃灼热，症状呈慢性周期性。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡样消化不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "夜间痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡样消化不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伴有反酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡样消化不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伴胃灼热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@### 非惊厥性 SE 复杂部分性： * 同全身性 SE 一样，采取同样的方法：但是对儿童应使用丙戊酸而非苯巴比妥。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "全身性 SE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "丙戊酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "全身性 SE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯巴比妥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
垂体功能减退@除了生长激素和抗利尿激素，其他替代的激素是靶激素（那些受垂体激素刺激的激素），而不是缺乏的垂体激素。垂体功能减退@例如，用皮质类固醇而不是促肾上腺皮质激素替代。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗利尿激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "靶激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@[ HIV血清转换 ](/topics/zh-cn/555) ### 阿米巴肝脓肿 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 不到50%的人有细菌性痢疾史。 疟疾感染@血清学检查有帮助。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "阿米巴肝脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清学检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HIV血清转换"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿米巴肝脓肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "阿米巴肝脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌性痢疾史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
（三）诊断标准 Asbury（1990年）修订的新的诊断标准提出GBS的必要条件如下： 1.诊断必须的特征 （1）超过一个以上的肢体进行性运动性力弱。 8）变异型：①神经症状发生时发热。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肛门癌@ 男男性行为者罹患肛门癌的风险较高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "肛门癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男男性行为者"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
前置胎盘@其他危险因素包括既往流产或人工流产、多胎/妊娠间隔时间短、吸烟或使用违禁药物。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多胎/妊娠间隔时间短"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸烟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "使用违禁药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "既往流产或人工流产"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
感染性心内膜炎@ 【预后和预防】 在应用抗生素治疗前本病的死亡率几乎为100%。感染性心内膜炎@约有半数患儿可发生各种并发症如充血性心力衰竭、脑栓塞、肺栓塞、心脏瓣膜破坏、腱索断裂、动脉瘤形成等，残留严重瓣膜损伤者，需进行瓣膜修复或置换术。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "充血性心力衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑栓塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺栓塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏瓣膜破坏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腱索断裂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "动脉瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "瓣膜修复或置换术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
1. JMML也称JCMML在临床血液学、细胞生物学和分子学等方面与成人慢性髓系白血病（CML）明显不同。JMML主要发生在4岁以下的婴幼儿，男性较女性多见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "JMML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "4岁以下的婴幼儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "JMML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性较女性多见"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "JMML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "JCMML"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
三、新生儿高血糖症 【诊断标准及意义】 新生儿高血糖症（hyperglycemia）的诊断标准目前尚未统一。医源性引起血糖增高的因素较多，主要为： 1.血糖调节功能不成熟 对糖耐受差的新生儿，尤其是早产儿和SGA儿，缺乏成人所具有的Staub-Traugott效应（即重复输糖后血糖水平递降和葡萄糖的消失率加快），此与胰岛β细胞功能不完善、对输入葡萄糖反应不灵敏和胰岛素活性较差有关。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "新生儿高血糖症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血糖调节功能不成熟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "新生儿高血糖症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "hyperglycemia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@疣状癌表现为有疣状特征的分化良好的肿物，例如棘层肥厚、角化过度以及颗粒层增厚。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疣状癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "棘层肥厚"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疣状癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "角化过度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疣状癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颗粒层增厚"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
2.抗病毒治疗 目前尚缺乏对EBV感染有明显疗效抗病毒药物，更昔洛韦等核苷类似物体外有抑制EBV效应，但尚缺乏适宜的临床研究评估。初步研究显示，对严重EBV诱导的淋巴增生性疾病使用抗B细胞单抗和照射过的移植供体白细胞，同时减少免疫抑制剂用量有一定疗效。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "EBV感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗B细胞单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "EBV感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "减少免疫抑制剂用量"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
痔@如症状重则可行外科去顶或切除手术；此法将更快缓解症状。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "痔",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "去顶或切除手术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@## 治疗流程 请注意，同一药物不同名称的剂型和剂量可能不同： [ 参见免责声明 ](https://bestpractice.bmj.com/info/disclaimer/) 急性 ### 看护人和家人 查看全部 首选 – 看护人随访和悲痛辅导 在婴儿丧生后，父母、包括兄弟姐妹在内的其他家庭成员以及看护人将遭受精神创伤。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "看护人随访和悲痛辅导"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
急性支气管炎（acute bronchitis)是指由于各种致病原引起的支气管黏膜感染，由于气管常同时受累,故称为急性气管支气管炎(acute tracheobronchitis)。 婴幼儿期伴有喘息的支气管炎，如伴有湿疹或其他过敏史者,少数可发展为支气管哮喘。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "急性支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "急性支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管哮喘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "acute bronchitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "性气管支气管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "性气管支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "acute tracheobronchitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
骨性关节炎@如果炎症性关节炎（如类风湿性关节炎）是鉴别诊断，则应在初步检查时安排进行炎症标志物检测（C反应蛋白、血沉）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "类风湿性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "C反应蛋白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "类风湿性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血沉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第十二节 膀胱外翻与尿道上裂 膀胱外翻和尿道上裂是由泄殖腔发育异常所导致的一组相互关联的泌尿生殖系畸形，尤其是膀胱外翻，是最为复杂的小儿先天性畸形之一。 一、膀胱外翻 膀胱外翻是1597年由Von Grafenberg首先描述，1780年Chaussier始用膀胱外翻（bladder exstrophy）一词。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "膀胱外翻与尿道上裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膀胱外翻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
5-氟胞嘧啶（5-fluorocytosine) 是一种口服系统性抗真菌化学药物，对白色假丝酵母菌有 良好的抑制作用。副作用有恶心、呕吐、皮疹、中性粒细胞和血小板减少、肝肾损伤。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "治疗后症状",
"subject": "白色假丝酵母菌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "治疗后症状",
"subject": "白色假丝酵母菌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "治疗后症状",
"subject": "白色假丝酵母菌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "治疗后症状",
"subject": "白色假丝酵母菌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝肾损伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "白色假丝酵母菌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5-氟胞嘧啶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "白色假丝酵母菌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5-fluorocytosine"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "5-氟胞嘧啶",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "5-fluorocytosine"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【治疗】 HIE是一个多环节、多因素的病理生理过程，患儿对缺氧的耐受性差异很大，因此，HIE的治疗应当根据患者的特点，在缺氧缺血的不同阶段进行针对性的个体化联合治疗，才能提高疗效、减少毒副反应。 （一）监护 对HIE患儿应密切监护，不仅观察神经系统症状，还要监护各脏器损害情况。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "HIE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "监护"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
肠梗阻@ ### 伤口愈合延迟 | 存在差异 | 低 营养状态差的患者可能有更多的伤口愈合问题。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "肠梗阻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伤口愈合延迟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
睾丸癌@在非精原细胞瘤睾丸癌患者中，不被用为初始或二线治疗。 睾丸癌@并发症包括胃肠道紊乱、生育能力受损、继发性恶性肿瘤和血管疾病增加。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "非精原细胞瘤睾丸癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃肠道紊乱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "非精原细胞瘤睾丸癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生育能力受损"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "非精原细胞瘤睾丸癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "继发性恶性肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "非精原细胞瘤睾丸癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管疾病增加"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
从而引起巨幼红细胞性贫血。 【实验室检查】 （一）外周血象 红细胞数较血红蛋白量降低得更明显。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "巨幼红细胞性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外周血象"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第二节 过敏性紫癜 【概述】 过敏性紫癜（anaphylactoid purpura）也称亨-舒综合征（Henöch-Schöhlein syndrome，Henoöch-Schönlein purpura，HSP），是一种以小血管炎为主要病变的系统性血管炎，临床表现为皮肤紫癜，常伴关节炎、腹痛、便血和肾小球肾炎；多发于学龄前和学龄期儿童，男孩多于女孩，一年四季均有发病，以春秋两季居多，国内报告HSP患病率有逐年增高趋势。 【预后】 本病预后一般良好，除少数重症患儿可死于肠出血、肠套叠、肠坏死或急性肾衰竭外，大多痊愈。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "一般良好"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大多痊愈"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "anaphylactoid purpura"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亨-舒综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Henöch-Schöhlein syndrome"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Henoöch-Schönlein purpura"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HSP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤紫癜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男孩多于女孩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "春秋两季居多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "春秋"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
持续性抑郁症@心境恶劣通常混合 重性抑郁发作。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心境恶劣"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
关节症状主要是关节痛或关节炎,为多关节炎或少关节炎，伴四肢肌肉疼痛，常在发热时加剧，热退后减轻或缓解。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "少关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
麻风病@发生 1 型反应时，现有的皮肤病损呈红斑状且水肿，可能有自发的神经痛、压痛、感觉异常和/或神经功能丧失（爪形手、足下垂、面瘫）；全身症状不常见。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "神经痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "压痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感觉异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "神经功能丧失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "面瘫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@多数患者存在发热或发热病史。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热或发热病史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【临床表现和实验室检査】 β地中海贫血 根据病情轻重的不同，分为以下三型。 重型:又称Cooley贫血。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "β地中海贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Cooley贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "β地中海贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "β地中海贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "重型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Cooley贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |