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（五）重症 MAS血气检查 表现为低氧血症和高碳酸血症，可以有严重混合性酸中毒，必须依赖经气道插管和机械通气。 【并发症】 （一）气漏和气胸 由于胎粪阻塞小气道导致气陷，使肺泡破裂，变成肺大疱，如果胸膜脏层破裂，可以出现气胸。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "MAS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气漏和气胸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
胆管癌@结果 升高 ### 血清凝血酶原时间 检查 结果 检查 因胆总管或肝管梗阻时间延长以及随后降低的脂溶性维生素（A，D，E和K）引起的。 胆管癌@结果 增加 ### 血清CA19-9 检查 结果 检查 超过85%的胆管癌的患者升高。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "胆管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清CA19-9"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@各型疟疾常见轻度贫血。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "疟疾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轻度贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
以往本病的命名不统一，如乙型肝炎相关性肾炎、乙肝免疫复合物肾炎以及乙肝病毒抗原相关性肾炎等，自1989年《中华内科杂志》召开乙肝肾炎座谈会后开始统一命名为“乙型肝炎病毒相关肾炎” 。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "乙型肝炎相关性肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乙型肝炎病毒相关肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "乙肝免疫复合物肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乙型肝炎病毒相关肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
新生儿黄疸@治疗方法包括光疗和/或换血疗法，以降低血清非结合型胆红素水平，这反过来推测会降低脑内胆红素水平，并使听觉诱发反应正常化。新生儿黄疸@ ### 急性胆红素脑病 | 短期 | 中 胆红素具有大脑细胞毒性，并且优先被基底节、苍白球、壳核和尾状核摄取。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "新生儿黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性胆红素脑病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "放射治疗",
"subject": "新生儿黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "光疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "新生儿黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "换血疗法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
【治疗】 1.一般治疗治疗原则：对于新诊断ITP病例：①患儿无出血或轻微出血（皮肤出血点或瘀 斑）可不考虑血小板计数，处理措施为严密观察;②鼻出血持续15分钟或以上,应根据出血状况选择治疗方法。 脾切除 现多主张采用腹腔镜脾切除术。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "新诊断ITP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脾切除"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "新诊断ITP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "严密观察"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@评估患者是否患有Kartagener综合征时（伴随罕见的胃转位的内脏转位）应进行电子显微镜下纤毛检查。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "纤毛检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
3.链球菌咽炎（streptococcal pharyngitis） 以5岁以上高发。一般认为，本病年长儿居多，但亦可发生于婴儿，而且一旦发生，常病程迁延。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "链球菌咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "年长儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "链球菌咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "streptococcal pharyngitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "链球菌咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5岁以上"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "链球菌咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5岁以上"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@伴有低心排量和心原性休克的患者可以从多巴酚丁胺输注中获益。ST段抬高型心肌梗死@ 指南还建议，如果药物措施不能迅速改善休克状态，应当使用主动脉内球囊反搏 (intra- aortic balloon pump, IABP) 或心室机械循环支持设备。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "主动脉内球囊反搏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心室机械循环"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多巴酚丁胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
肾小球肾炎@### 肾穿刺活检 患者在专家的指导下决定是否行肾穿刺活检。 肾小球肾炎@肾脏活检（光镜镜检、免疫荧光和电子显微镜镜检）仍是在肾病、肾病综合征和急进性肾小球肾炎患者中确诊肾小球肾炎的最敏感和最特异方法。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫荧光"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "电子显微镜镜检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾穿刺活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾脏活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾脏活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "组织学检查",
"subject": "急进性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾脏活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
前置胎盘@根据胎盘与子宫颈口的相对位置分为完全性前置胎盘、部分性前置胎盘、边缘性前置胎盘或低置胎盘。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "完全性前置胎盘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "部分性前置胎盘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "边缘性前置胎盘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低置胎盘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
左心室流出道梗阻会引起肺动脉狭窄。梗阻通常为瓣下型，可由纤维膜、纤维肌性隧道或流出道室间隔向后移位引起。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "肺动脉狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "纤维膜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "肺动脉狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "纤维肌性隧道"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "肺动脉狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流出道室间隔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "肺动脉狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左心室流出道梗阻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
但对于极低和超低出生体重儿，由于低钙血症使钙磷代谢紊乱,导致骨矿物质含量的异常，骨小梁数量减少,骨皮质变薄等骨组织含量减少,即代谢性骨病，可表现为生长发育延迟，严重者出现佝偻病样症状，甚至发生骨折@。 【治疗】 补充钙剂 方法:①凡因严重低钙导致惊厥发作或心力衰竭时，需立即静脉补钙。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "低钙血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "补充钙剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "低钙血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "补钙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "低钙血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "代谢性骨病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "代谢性骨病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨矿物质含量的异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "代谢性骨病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨小梁数量减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "代谢性骨病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长发育延迟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "代谢性骨病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "佝偻病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "骨折",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "代谢性骨病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "严重低钙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "严重低钙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
自身免疫性肝炎@### 腹水 可见于大约 20% 的患者。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
2.循环系统 常见心力衰竭，表现为：①呼吸频率突然加快，超过60次/分；②心率突然加快，＞160～180次/分；③骤发极度烦躁不安，明显发绀，面色发灰，指（趾）甲微血管充盈时间延长；④心音低钝，奔马律，颈静脉怒张；⑤肝脏迅速增大；⑥少尿或无尿、颜面眼睑或双下肢水肿。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸频率突然加快"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心率突然加快"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骤发极度烦躁不安"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "明显发绀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "面色发灰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心音低钝"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奔马律"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颈静脉怒张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脏迅速增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "少尿或无尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颜面眼睑或双下肢水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
表6-16 淹溺患者的病情评估 【诊断】 应先仔细了解相关病史，如：溺水时间、地点，是否沉入水底，获救时意识、自主呼吸和发绀及水温和水的性质（淡水、海水、脏水）等情况，以及对心肺复苏抢救的反应等，结合体格检查，确定淹溺的性质和程度。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "淹溺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
1.感染 是诱发儿童HUS的首要因素，根据诱因可以志贺样毒素相关HUS和非志贺样毒素相关HUS。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "儿童HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "儿童HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "志贺样毒素相关HUS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "儿童HUS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非志贺样毒素相关HUS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
甲状腺癌@### 呼吸困难 由于气管受压所致。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@它们最可能与重要环境因素交互，例如过敏原和病毒感染。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "过敏原"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
脑炎@### 奥司他韦 如果疑似流感病毒感染，可考虑使用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奥司他韦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（二）膀胱炎 大多为年长女孩，有尿频、尿急、排尿困难、排尿不尽、下腹不适、耻骨上区疼痛及尿失禁的症状，有时尿恶臭，有外阴部湿疹。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "年长女孩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿频"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿急"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "排尿困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "排尿不尽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "下腹不适"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "耻骨上区疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿失禁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外阴部湿疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@### 体格检查 稳定型心绞痛患者体格检查往往正常或非特异性，但可能揭示相关病症，如心力衰竭，心脏瓣膜疾病，或肥厚性心肌病。稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@搏动减弱，腹部波动性包块，或颈动脉杂音提示冠状动脉以外的动脉粥样硬化性疾病，也增加了缺血性心脏病的可能性。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "稳定型心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "搏动减弱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "稳定型心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部波动性包块"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "稳定型心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "稳定型心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心力衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "稳定型心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肥厚性心肌病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "稳定型心绞痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏瓣膜疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "缺血性心脏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颈动脉杂音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
中枢性面神经麻痹时，表现为病变对侧下部面肌麻痹，即只有鼻唇沟变浅，而眼裂变大不能闭眼情况不明显。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性面神经麻痹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病变对侧下部面肌麻痹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性面神经麻痹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻唇沟变浅"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
垂体功能减退@### 梅毒 可能在先天性梅毒和成人感染患者中引发垂体功能减退。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "梅毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "先天性梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "垂体功能减退"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
胆管癌@ 化疗±放疗 * 要考虑每位患者的个体情况，但对于非移植候选者的患者，通常给予吉西他滨联合铂化合物进行化疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "胆管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吉西他滨联合铂化合物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@如果孕妇状态进一步恶化，应当考虑另一种诊断，并考虑血浆置换（血液科会诊）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "就诊科室",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血液科"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血浆置换"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
有报道单用两性霉素B对曲霉病效果较差，可以应用两性霉素B脂质体进行治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "曲霉病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两性霉素B"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "曲霉病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两性霉素B脂质体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
儿童甲亢临床过程个体差异很大，症状逐渐加重，症状开始到确诊时间一般在6～12个月。典型的症状与体征有以下表现： 1.交感神经兴奋性增加，基础代谢率增加 如消瘦、多汗、怕热、低热及食欲增加，但体重下降，大便次数增多，睡眠障碍和易于疲乏等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童甲亢",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消瘦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童甲亢",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多汗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童甲亢",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "怕热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童甲亢",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童甲亢",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食欲增加"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童甲亢",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童甲亢",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大便次数增多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童甲亢",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睡眠障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "儿童甲亢",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "易于疲乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
广泛性焦虑障碍@### 适应障碍 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 焦虑与生活应激事件存在时间相关，持续时间不会超过应激事件结束后6个月。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "适应障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@ * 患有念珠菌性脑膜炎的新生儿通常为早产儿，并且最初症状为呼吸窘迫。真菌性脑膜炎@ * 脑膜刺激征存在于仅20%~50%的就诊患者中。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "真菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "真菌性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@ ### 左心室血栓 | 存在差异 | 低 左心室血栓可见于急性心肌梗死的早期，尤其是大面积前壁心肌梗死伴有心尖运动障碍。ST段抬高型心肌梗死@早期研究发现，大面积前壁心肌梗死患者中，如无早期血运重建， 通过超声心动图，大约有三分之一可见到左心室血栓 。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "左心室血栓",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声心动图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左心室血栓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
(—)肺炎支原体肺炎（Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia) 是学龄儿童及青年常见的一种肺炎，婴幼儿亦不少见。 咳嗽为本病突出的症状，一般于病后2 ~ 3天开始，初为干咳，后转为顽固性剧咳，常有黏稠痰液， 偶带血丝，少数病例可类似百日咳样阵咳,可持续1 周。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺炎支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肺炎支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
唇腭裂@ * 畸形的婴儿在生后10到14月龄插入持久T-管。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "唇腭裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "插入持久T-管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
4.外科治疗 女性患者呈现明显男性化时，在药物控制前提下可行外阴矫治术，一般在4～12个月可行外生殖器矫形手术。因CAH是常染色体隐性遗传病，每生育一胎就有1/4概率为CAH患者，因此，对家族中有本病先证者的孕妇要在妊娠中期抽取羊水或者早期取绒毛膜抽提DNA，进行产前基因分析和诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "CAH",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外科治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@### 女性 该病在女性中更为常见。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "女性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
成人哮喘@ 由于存在发生严重哮喘相关事件（哮喘相关死亡、插管和住院）的风险，不应当使用 LABA 单药疗法治疗哮喘。 成人哮喘@第 5 级将中等剂量 ICS 改为高剂量 ICS。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ICS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "LABA 单药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中等剂量 ICS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@### 黄疸 罕见表现。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄疸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
主要包括：①急性非炎症性脑病（意识障碍，CSF除外中枢神经系统感染，或组织学证实）。如符合上述临床诊断标准而未做肝活检或尸检者称为临床诊断的RS（CRS）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "RS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性非炎症性脑病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "RS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中枢神经系统感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性非炎症性脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "意识障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@常见症状包括头痛（占33%至61%）、恶心和／或呕吐（29%至84%）、全身不适感 (90%)、右上腹或上腹部痛（40%至100%）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全身不适感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "右上腹或上腹部痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第八节 肺静脉异位连接 肺静脉异位连接可分为完全性肺静脉异位连接及部分性肺静脉异位连接两类。对所有类型的此病患者调查显示，80%在生后一年内死亡。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "完全性肺静脉异位连接",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "一年内死亡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肺静脉异位连接",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "部分性肺静脉异位连接"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肺静脉异位连接",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "完全性肺静脉异位连接"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
痔@### 腹水 腹内压增高是造成痔的危险因素之一。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "痔",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹内压增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
失眠症@### 慢性疼痛（如髋关节损伤） 多项研究已经发现，慢性疼痛患者的失眠症发生率高于普通人群。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性疼痛患者"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性疼痛（如髋关节损伤）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@曲马多似乎是最有效的口服镇痛药，应和对乙酰氨基酚或布洛芬联合使用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "曲马多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "对乙酰氨基酚"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "布洛芬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
胰腺癌@### 恶心、呕吐、厌食，以及上腹部疼痛 对于不明原因的急性胰腺炎发作，表现为恶心、呕吐、厌食，以及上腹部疼痛的患者，应当除外胰腺癌的可能。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "厌食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上腹部疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
流行性腮腺炎（mumps，epidemic parotitis)是由腮腺炎病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病,最常影响 5~ 15岁的儿童。腮腺肿大可持续5日左右,以后逐渐消退。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腮腺肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "mumps"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "epidemic parotitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腮腺炎病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5~ 15岁的儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
(二）一般治疗 1.妊娠期高血压患者可在家或住院治疗，轻度子痫前期应住院评估决定是否院内治疗，重度子痫前期及子痫患者应住院治疗。其副作用为心悸、头痛，与硫酸镁有协同作用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心悸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硫酸镁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "重度子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "子痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "轻度子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重度子痫前期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性髓性白血病@加速期或急变期更常见。 慢性髓性白血病@### 皮肤苍白 由白血病细胞骨髓浸润导致的贫血引起。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤苍白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
骨性关节炎@COX-2抑制剂被发现具有更小的胃肠道副反应，但它们和非选择性非甾体抗炎药具有相似的肾毒性。 骨性关节炎@塞来昔布同非选择性非甾体抗炎药相比对胃肠道副作用有一定的减轻，但在服用低剂量阿司匹林的患者，没有这个优势。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "骨性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "塞来昔布"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
肝癌@ 在亚洲，平均在 50 岁到 60 岁，而在撒哈拉以南的非洲，平均年龄为 33 岁。肝癌@ 。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "肝癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "撒哈拉以南的非洲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
早产@在黑人女性中，早产的发生率更高，这可能部分与黑人女性处于社会弱势有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黑人女性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
胰腺癌@ * 目前可用的肿瘤标志物，如CA19-9或CEA，对早期诊断均缺乏理想的敏感性和特异性。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肿瘤标志物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CA19-9"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CEA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
百日咳@[ 上呼吸道感染（URI) ](/topics/zh-cn/252) ### 社区获得性肺炎（CAP） 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 发热、排痰性咳嗽及既往有呼吸系统疾病（如哮喘等）病史。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "百日咳",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "社区获得性肺炎（CAP）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
最常见的表现是进行性、上升性、弛缓性瘫痪，伴轻至中度感觉障碍，或者伴有脑神经麻痹（呈下降型），严重患者可发展为延髓麻痹，并导致严重并发症；最易受累的为第Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ对脑神经，其次为Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅻ对脑神经。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "弛缓性瘫痪",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中度感觉障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "弛缓性瘫痪",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑神经麻痹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
在莫氏Ⅱ型，由于房室传导组织有效不应期延长，使心房搏动部分不能下传至心室，发生间歇性心室脱落，但发生心室脱落前后，下传的P波，其PR间期是恒定的。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "莫氏Ⅱ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "间歇性心室脱落"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性胰腺炎@针对 11 项随机研究的一项系统评价发现，有限的证据表明，与延期喂养相比，早期喂养（住院治疗后≤ 48 小时；研究评估了经口、经鼻胃以及经鼻空肠喂养的途径）不会增加不良事件的风险。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早期喂养"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
卵巢癌@ <肠梗阻-全胃肠外营养 (total parenteral nutrition, TPN)-辅助治疗-> ### 贝伐珠单抗引起的肠穿孔或肠瘘 | 短期 | 中 必须警惕肠穿孔或肠瘘的风险，因为一项研究表明发生肠穿孔或肠瘘的风险高达11%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "肠穿孔",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "贝伐珠单抗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【预后】 对肾母细胞瘤预后有影响的因素是：①患儿的年龄，根据广泛的经验，2岁以下的小儿，尤其1岁以下的婴儿治疗后不复发者远远超过较大年龄的儿童；②肿瘤的大小当然也是影响预后的因素之一，越大预后越差；③肿瘤的组织学类型与预后有莫大关系，已在本章病理一节中述及；④对预后影响最大的是肿瘤的局部侵犯和远距离扩散的情况，即肿瘤的临床——病理分期，兹介绍于后： Ⅰ期肿瘤局限于肾内，能完整切除。 Ⅱ期肿瘤已扩散至肾周组织，但能完整切除。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "肾母细胞瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Ⅱ期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "肾母细胞瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Ⅰ期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@由于运动发作的观察结果是有限的或缺失的，建议脑电图监测以确诊。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
晚发GBS感染主要临床表现为脑膜炎。GBS骨髓炎可在诊断前1个月即出现肢体活动度减少或活动时疼痛，偶见炎症表现，肱骨近端为最常见的感染部位。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "晚发GBS感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "GBS骨髓炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "晚发GBS感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "GBS骨髓炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肢体活动度减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "GBS骨髓炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "活动时疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "GBS骨髓炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肱骨近端"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
子宫内膜癌@ 生存期：有高质量证据表明，对于出现阴道疾病复发且此前未接受过放疗的患者群体而言，盆腔放射疗法是有效的挽救治疗方法，其 5 年生存率为 40% 至 70%。子宫内膜癌@ 复发：有高质量证据表明，对早期（I 期）中危子宫内膜癌症患者实施辅助术后盆腔放射疗法可降低复发风险（相比未进行额外治疗的患者），但是该疗法应限于危险因素符合高危或中危定义（妇科肿瘤协作组 [GOG] 第 99 号试验）的患者。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后生存率",
"subject": "子宫内膜癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "40% 至 70%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
}
] |
慢性心房颤动@ 舒张期或收缩期心力衰竭可增加风险。 慢性心房颤动@其他慢性心房颤动的心脏病因包括： * 心房和心室扩张或肥大 * 电生理异常（例如病态窦房结综合征） * 先天性心脏病 * 良性或恶性、原发性或转移性心脏或近心肿瘤 * 炎症性或浸润性疾病（例如：心包炎、淀粉样变性、心肌炎） * 年龄相关性心房心室纤维化 与慢性心房颤动相关的非心脏病包括： * 甲状腺疾病 * 自主神经功能障碍 * 酒精和咖啡因滥用 * 非心源性肺动脉高压 * 传染病 少数情况下，慢性心房颤动可能是家族性或遗传性的，如遗传性心肌病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性心房颤动",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心房和心室扩张或肥大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "慢性心房颤动",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲状腺疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
第三节 钩虫 病 钩虫病（hookworm diseases）的病原体是钩虫，钩虫共有3种，即十二指肠钩虫、美洲钩虫和锡兰钩虫，其中以前两者引起人类感染最为重要。 6.联合用药 甲苯咪唑加噻嘧啶，或噻嘧啶加左旋咪唑联合治疗，可提高疗效。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "钩虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲苯咪唑加噻嘧啶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
白内障@在美国，2.05 千万≥40 岁的人受累于白内障。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "≥40 岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
7）其他类抗生素：红霉素是治疗空肠弯曲菌肠炎的首选药，25～30mg/（kg•d），分4次口服或一次静脉滴注，疗程7天。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "空肠弯曲菌肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
3.苯巴比妥钠 具有较好的镇静、抗惊厥、控制抽搐作用，用于子痫发作时0.1g肌内注射，预防子痫发作时30mg口服，3次/日。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯巴比妥钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "抽搐",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯巴比妥钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯巴比妥钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
膀胱癌@## 诊断标准 ### 活检确定分级和分期 * 分级 1973 年 WHO 分级将尿路上皮癌分级为高分化（1 级）、中分化（2 级）或低分化（3 级）。膀胱癌@2004 年，WHO 和国际泌尿病理学学会 (International Society of Urological Pathology, ISUP) 改变了分级系统，分为 3 个等级：i) 低度恶性可能的乳头状尿路上皮肿瘤 (PUNLMP)，ii) 低分级尿路上皮癌，和 iii) 高分级尿路上皮癌。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "膀胱癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低分级尿路上皮癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "膀胱癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高分级尿路上皮癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@### 早产 早产儿的 SIDS 风险较高，其风险与胎龄和出生体重成反比。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "SIDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早产儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早产"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@[ 非霍奇金淋巴瘤 ](/topics/zh-cn/312) ### 霍奇金淋巴瘤 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 主要发生于青年。 非小细胞肺癌@检查 胸部X线片检查的典型表现为纵膈肿块或肿大纵膈淋巴结。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部X线"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "纵膈肿块"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "霍奇金淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肿大纵膈淋巴结"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非霍奇金淋巴瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "霍奇金淋巴瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
新生儿黄疸@如果新生儿存活，其临床特征包括手足徐动型脑瘫、向上凝视麻痹、感觉神经性听力丧失、牙齿发育不良、智力缺陷（不太经常在精神发育迟滞范围）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手足徐动型脑瘫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "向上凝视麻痹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感觉神经性听力丧失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "牙齿发育不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "智力缺陷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性淋巴细胞白血病@ 慢性淋巴细胞白血病国际研讨会 (IWCLL) 已界定了反应标准的定义。慢性淋巴细胞白血病@ 反应评估包括检测微小残留病变 (MRD)，涉及流式细胞术检查以及其他分子检测。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流式细胞术检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
尘肺@在鉴别间质纤维化方面，高分辨率胸部 CT (High-resolution CT, HRCT) 扫描比胸部 X 射线更为灵敏。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高分辨率胸部 CT (High-resolution CT, HRCT) 扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 在室间隔完整的大动脉转位新生儿，两大循环间的交换血流量少，存在着明显的青紫（室间隔完整和血液混合不充分的新生儿青紫明显），可在出生后数小时内即被发现，且大多情况下为唯一症状。 （二）心电图 患儿出生后的最初几天心电图常无特异性改变。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "大动脉转位",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大动脉转位",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "明显的青紫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "大动脉转位",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@### 肥胖 高BMI与HELLP 综合征的发生有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肥胖"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@对于对氟康唑或伊曲康唑具有不耐受性或无明显疗效的患者，替代口服药物为泊沙康唑及伏立康唑。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "真菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氟康唑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "真菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伏立康唑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（一）急性期 新发病，临床症状明显而多变，病程多不超过6个月。起病较急，除前述症状外，乏力突出，年长儿常诉心前区疼痛。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乏力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心前区疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
虽然川崎病在全世界均有发病，但最多见于日本及具有日本血统的儿童。20世纪80年代中，日本的年发病率稳定于5000～6000例/年。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5000～6000例/年"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "日本"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "具有日本血统的儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
急性髓性白血病@细胞遗传学异常有重要的预测价值，并且可影响患者的治疗。 急性髓性白血病@大多数患者接受诱导化疗、巩固和维持治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "诱导化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
在明确为其他疾病前，1岁以内患儿发生胆汁性呕吐应首先考虑肠旋转不良。 【诊断】 凡怀疑旋转不良或中肠扭转，术前需行影像学检查，包括腹部平片、上下消化道造影，或两者兼之。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肠旋转不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部平片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肠旋转不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上下消化道造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠旋转不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆汁性呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
食物中毒@### 腹胀 腹胀持续时间较长应引起对贾第鞭毛虫病的怀疑。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹胀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
成人哮喘@非常严重的哮喘患者有夜间症状，使其从睡梦中醒来。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "夜间症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@### 高龄 肺癌患者的年龄中位数在70岁左右，低于50岁被诊断为肺癌的患者不足总数的10%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高龄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@### 并存的胃食管反流管理 胃食管反流可能与哮喘共存，通常无症状。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "并存的胃食管反流管理"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@经皮冠状动脉介入治疗包括血管造影联合支架置入或其他可以缓解冠状动脉狭窄或闭塞的新技术。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "经皮冠状动脉介入治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管造影联合支架置入"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
HIV 感染@检查 EBV：血清 IgM 检测和嗜异性凝集试验 (Paul Bunnell) 阳性。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "EBV",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清 IgM 检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "EBV",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "嗜异性凝集试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "嗜异性凝集试验",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "Paul Bunnell"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@### 多（ADP-核糖）聚合酶 (PARP-1) 抑制剂 这类反映药物研发过程中称为“协同杀伤”策略的抑制剂，具有抗肿瘤活性、而无传统化疗药相关的毒性。转移性乳腺癌@这类药物对于遗传性乳腺癌及三阴乳腺癌尤其有用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "遗传性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多（ADP-核糖）聚合酶 (PARP-1) 抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
前列腺癌@放疗导致的血管病变和血液供应损害可以用磷酸二酯酶抑制剂（如，西地那非），加以克服。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "血管病变",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "磷酸二酯酶抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@临床共识表明曲马多是最有效的口服阿片类似物。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "曲马多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@ * 尿素和血清肌酐：非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者应当评估肌酐清除率，并且应适当调整经肾清除药物的剂量。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清肌酐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
基底细胞癌@咪喹莫特：在可以坚持治疗1个月以上的患者群体中治愈率可达90%；需要每天或隔日涂抹咪喹莫特；患者需要注意的是有10%的病例仍需要进行外科治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "基底细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咪喹莫特"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
这个综合征使原来语言能力正常的患儿出现语言感受或（和）表达的倒退现象，其严重度可达到完全的听觉失认，即不能辨认环境的声音。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "完全的听觉失认",
"subject_type": "症状",
"object": {
"@value": "不能辨认环境的声音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
腹主动脉瘤@临床检查腹部无搏动性包块。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "腹主动脉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "临床检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
我国新中国成立前每年约100万新生儿死于破伤风，建国后发病率和死亡率显著下降，但在边远农村、山区及私自接生者新生儿破伤风仍不罕见。 1.地西泮 有松弛肌肉及抗惊厥作用，每次0. 2～0. 3mg/kg，缓慢静注，4～6小时1次，若止痉效果不佳，可逐渐增加至每次1mg/kg，痉挛好转后再鼻饲给药，可每次0. 5～1mg/kg，必要时还可加大剂量，口服地西泮的半衰期长达10余小时～3天。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "新生儿破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地西泮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 新生儿溶血病的临床表现轻重不一，取决于抗原性的强弱、个体的免疫反应、胎儿的代偿能力和产前的干预措施等因素。 （二）黄疸 溶血病患儿黄疸出现早，一般在生后24小时内出现黄疸，并很快发展，血清胆红素以未结合胆红素为主。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿溶血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄疸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@粪便脂肪含量高于7 g/日是晚期慢性胰腺炎的临床表现。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "晚期慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "粪便脂肪含量高于7 g/日"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@### 其他诊断因素 ### 罕见 查看全部 ### 长期局灶运动活动，或感觉性发作或植物神经性发作伴随意识清醒（单纯部分性 SE） 局灶性 SE 患者常表现为孤立性运动活动。癫痫持续状态@包括一块肌肉或多个肌肉群的挛缩或颤搐。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "局灶性 SE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颤搐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
早产@硝苯地平的副作用与剂量有关，往往在总剂量达到60 mg 之后发生。 早产@阿托西班在某些国家/地区使用，但在美国尚不可用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "早产",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿托西班"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@根据目前的建议，应在出院后至少 40 天考虑植入心脏复律除颤器进行初级预防。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "植入心脏复律除颤器"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
（二）代谢性酸中毒与低钠 、低钾血症 可有生长发育迟缓、恶心呕吐等酸性中毒以及软弱、疲乏、肌无力、便秘等低钠血症和低钾血症表现。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "软弱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疲乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌无力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便秘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钾血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "软弱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钾血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疲乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钾血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌无力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "低钾血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便秘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "代谢性酸中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长发育迟缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "代谢性酸中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第五章 青紫型先天性心脏病 第一节 法洛四联症 法洛四联症（tetralogy of Fallot，TOF）是最常见的青紫型先天性心脏病，约占青紫型先天性心脏病的70%左右，约占所有先天性心脏病的10%。多见于毛细血管丰富的浅表部位，如唇、指（趾）甲床、球结合膜等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "毛细血管丰富的浅表"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "唇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "指（趾）甲床"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "球结合膜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "tetralogy of Fallot"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "tetralogy of Fallot",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "法洛四联症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "TOF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "法洛四联症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青紫型先天性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@ * 儿童期偏头痛和周期性综合征之间或许存在某种联系，包括周期性呕吐、良性阵发性斜颈、儿童良性阵发性眩晕和腹型偏头痛。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "儿童期偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "周期性综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "周期性综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "周期性呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "周期性综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "良性阵发性斜颈"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "周期性综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童良性阵发性眩晕"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "周期性综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹型偏头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |