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急性阑尾炎@ 厌食是另一个重要的症状，在急性阑尾炎时，几乎总是存在该症状。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "厌食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@### 案例 #2 60岁曾患心肌梗死的男性患者来诊所随访。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌梗死"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
麻风病@### 其他表现 30% 至 50% 的麻风患者可出现两种类型的免疫反应：1 型反应（逆向反应）和 2 型反应（麻风结节性红斑 [erythema nodosum leprosum, ENL]）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "麻风结节性红斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
胆管癌@### 非典型性硬化 非特异性硬化与肝内胆管细胞癌有较强关联，OR值27.2，95%CI为19.9-37.1。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "非特异性硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝内胆管细胞癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
肾细胞癌@ 两种治疗的毒性也各不相同。 肾细胞癌@### 他喹莫德 一种正在被评估的可改变肿瘤微环境的新型的血管生成和免疫调节药物。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "他喹莫德"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
登革热@### 罕见 查看全部 ### 上呼吸道症状 症状如咳嗽和喉咙痛等非典型表现可见于轻度感染。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上呼吸道症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喉咙痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@### 活动性出血性溃疡 需要住院治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "活动性出血性溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
细菌性脑膜炎@大多数经验性治疗方案包括第三代或者第四代的头孢菌素加上万古霉素。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头孢菌素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "万古霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@ 脂肪泻出现在氮溢（饮食中蛋白质吸收障碍）之前， 腺体炎性反应、纤维化导致胰腺外分泌组织损伤、萎缩，并最终造成胰腺外分泌功能丧失。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "胰腺外分泌组织损伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腺体炎性反应"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "胰腺外分泌组织损伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "纤维化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "胰腺外分泌组织损伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰腺外分泌功能丧失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
溶血性贫血@出现裂红细胞提示病因为微血管病变（DIC、血栓性血小板减少性紫癜、溶血性尿毒综合征、HELLP 综合征）或创伤性病变（人工机械心脏瓣膜、行军性溶血）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "微血管病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "创伤性病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
传染性单核细胞增多症、感染性心内膜炎，以及病程迁延的普通病毒感染性疾病、肝炎、真菌病等也是儿童发热待查的常见病因。在流行地区，应考虑伤寒、副伤寒、布鲁菌病、疟疾、血吸虫病、肺吸虫病、钩端螺旋体病及旋毛虫病等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "伤寒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "副伤寒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "布鲁菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "疟疾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "血吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肺吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "钩端螺旋体病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "旋毛虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "真菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热待查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@ ### 晚期帕金森症 这一阶段的疾病通常会合并一段时间突然出现且无法预测的疗效减退、症状波动、冻结和吞咽困难。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "晚期帕金森症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "症状波动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "晚期帕金森症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冻结"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "晚期帕金森症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吞咽困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
此外，近年来还发现肾母细胞瘤伴外生殖器雌雄难辨的两性畸形患儿，Raifer报道10例，其中7例发生在单侧肾母细胞瘤，3例双侧肾母细胞瘤。 （四）Beckwith Wiedemann综合征 本综合征主要有内脏肥大（肾、胰、肾上腺、性腺、肝等）、脐膨出、巨舌和发育巨大或偏身肥大等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "肾母细胞瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Beckwith Wiedemann综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "肾母细胞瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两性畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
痛风@常累及远端指间关节。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "远端指间关节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
骨性关节炎@检查发现关节有少量积液、弥漫性捻发感、双膝关节屈曲受限。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "骨性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "弥漫性捻发感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
卵巢癌@其他可能导致外周神经病变的药物包括吉西他滨、托泊替康、依托泊苷、贝伐珠单抗以及多柔比星脂质体。卵巢癌@ ### 多柔比星脂质体引起的口腔炎 | 存在差异 | 低 这是剂量限制性毒性反应，可能出现在开始使用该药后5-10天。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "口腔炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多柔比星脂质体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
前列腺癌@期待治疗定义为在确定性治疗（如，放疗、手术或者激素控制治疗）或主动监测之前进行观察等待，直到疾病的症状或者体征在临床上明显表现出来。 前列腺癌@推荐在开始对转移性前列腺癌患者进行 LHRH 激动剂治疗之前的几天和治疗开始后的一周内，进行非甾体类抗雄激素治疗（例如，比卡鲁胺），以避免由睾酮水平突然升高引起的症状。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "前列腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非甾体类抗雄激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
现已明确von Willebrand factor（vWF）质或量的异常引起vWD，伴有因子Ⅷ促凝血活性（Ⅷ∶C）降低。vWD为常染色体遗传，男、女均可受累，发病率约为0. 82%～1. 6%。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "0. 82%～1. 6%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "von Willebrand factor（vWF）质或量的异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "因子Ⅷ促凝血活性（Ⅷ∶C）降低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "常染色体遗传"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
食物中毒@一项 meta 分析显示，与安慰剂相比，利福昔明可以预防由非侵袭性肠道病原体引起的旅行者腹泻。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "利福昔明"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@## 检查 ### 需要考虑的检查 ### 查看全部 ### 血液培养 检查 结果 检查 对细菌、病毒和真菌病原体的微生物评估。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血液培养"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
产后抑郁症@### 强迫思维 一项针对37例患产后抑郁症妇女的研究显示，57%报告有强迫性思维，其中95%有攻击性思维。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "强迫思维"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "强迫性思维"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 NHL临床表现差异大，一些病人仅有外周淋巴结无痛性肿大，几乎无全身症状，因此在活检后即明确诊断。但有部分病人临床表现复杂而危重，而且病理标本的获得与病理诊断均十分困难。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "NHL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "复杂而危重"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
儿童肾病综合征最主要的病理变化是微小病变型。 血栓形成 肾病综合征高凝状态易致各种动、静脉血栓形成，以肾静脉血栓形成常见，表现为突发腰痛、出现血尿或血尿加重、少尿,甚至发生肾衰竭。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "儿童肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血栓形成"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "静脉血栓形成",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾病综合征高凝状态"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "静脉血栓形成",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾静脉血栓形成"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "静脉血栓形成",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "突发腰痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "静脉血栓形成",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出现血尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "静脉血栓形成",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血尿加重"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "静脉血栓形成",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "少尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "静脉血栓形成",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
痛风@90% 的高尿酸血症是由于肾脏尿酸盐排泄过少，10% 的病例是因为尿酸产生过多，但是通常两种因素都具备。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "高尿酸血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾脏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
3.单纯性紫癜 多见于青春期女孩，月经期发作加重。临床表现为双下肢大小不等的皮肤瘀点、瘀斑，多自发发生和消退，很少有其他部位的出血；除了部分患者毛细血管脆性试验阳性外，其余出凝血检查及血小板计数等均正常。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "单纯性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "毛细血管脆性试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "单纯性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出凝血检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "单纯性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血小板计数"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "单纯性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青春期女孩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
普通感冒@ 在下列情况下应考虑其他替代或潜在的诊断： * 以咽喉痛为主要症状者（应考虑链球菌性扁桃体炎，尤其是年龄小于 15 岁者）。普通感冒@使用麦克伊萨评分 (Mcisaac) 有助于同链球菌性扁桃体炎相鉴别 * 鼻炎超过 14 天者（例如过敏性鼻炎） * 起病突然，出现发热、寒战和严重的肌肉酸痛（例如流感或肺炎） * 有胸膜炎性疼痛、大量痰液或血痰者（例如胸膜炎或肺炎） * 耳痛（例如：中耳炎） * 面部疼痛（鼻窦炎） * 出现假性脑膜炎特征者（意识改变、畏光、肌张力低下、颈项强直、抽搐与心动过速）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "链球菌性扁桃体炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "普通感冒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "普通感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "普通感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "普通感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "普通感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "普通感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中耳炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "普通感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻窦炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "普通感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "假性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "假性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "意识改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "假性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "畏光"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "假性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌张力低下"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "假性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "强直"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "假性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心动过速"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "假性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抽搐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "鼻炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "过敏性鼻炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血痰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胸膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸膜炎性疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大量痰液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中耳炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "耳痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "鼻窦炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "面部疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "链球菌性扁桃体炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽喉痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
心房扑动@### 胸痛 可能是心房扑动、潜在心肌缺血或肺栓塞事件的症状。 心房扑动@### 呼吸困难 可能是心房扑动、潜在心肌缺血或肺栓塞事件的症状。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心房扑动",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
1型糖尿病起病多数较急骤，几天内可突然表现明显多饮、多尿，每天饮水量和尿量可达3～5L，易饿多食，但体重下降，称为“三多一少”。部分患儿因感染、饮食不当或情绪波动诱发而起病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "饮食不当"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "情绪波动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "起病多数较急骤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多饮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "易饿多食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@治疗方法为早期实施胆囊切除术。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@## 鉴别诊断 ### 查看全部 ### 妊娠期急性脂肪肝(AFLP) 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 也见于妊娠晚期或产后，可能难以与 HELLP 鉴别。 HELLP 综合征@患者可能有高血压和／或蛋白尿，但不常见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "妊娠期急性脂肪肝",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "妊娠期急性脂肪肝",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蛋白尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "妊娠期急性脂肪肝"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "妊娠期急性脂肪肝",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AFLP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
三、犬咬伤第六篇 重症监护和急救 第十五章 意外伤害【病因】 【治疗】儿童和犬玩耍或意外被犬咬伤，多发生在农村，但近年来城市饲养宠物增多，儿童被犬咬伤的病例也不少。清创处理后，用抗狂犬病免疫血清或免疫球蛋白滴注伤口深部，并渗入伤口周围或在伤口周围作皮下浸润注射。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "犬咬伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗狂犬病免疫血清"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "犬咬伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫球蛋白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@ ### 高钙血症 | 存在差异 | 高 治疗包括维持补液、对潜在 MM 的治疗，以及使用糖皮质激素及/或双膦酸盐对破骨性骨吸收进行抑制。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高钙血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "高钙血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双膦酸盐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "高钙血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖皮质激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "高钙血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "补液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
在流感流行时，流感病毒肺炎的发生几率较高。本病冬春季多发，最常见的表现为发热、咳嗽、流涕,肺部听诊可有呼吸音降低、细小湿啰音或哮鸣音。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流感病毒肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流感病毒肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流感病毒肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流涕"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流感病毒肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸音降低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流感病毒肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细小湿啰音或哮鸣音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "流感病毒肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部听诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第五章 儿童淋巴瘤 第一节 儿童霍奇金病 1832年，霍奇金（Hodgkin）首先对本病在解剖学水平进行描述，因此而命名为霍奇金病（Hodgkin disease，HD），当时认为它是一种脾脏和淋巴结异常性疾病。 3.横膈下野 包括脾和主动脉旁淋巴结。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "放射治疗",
"subject": "霍奇金病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "横膈下野"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "霍奇金病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Hodgkin disease"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "霍奇金病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HD"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "Hodgkin disease",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HD"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
膀胱癌@一般而言，在血尿无明确病因和未完全消退的情况下，细胞学和膀胱镜检查应采用较低的阈值。膀胱癌@在进一步检查前，临床医生等待血尿消退的确切时长将因可能的潜在病因和个体临床情况而异。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "膀胱癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膀胱镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@## 案例 ### 案例 #1 一名42岁的尼日利亚女子去初级保健处就诊：发热伴寒战2天，伴有大汗、头痛、肌痛及盗汗。疟疾感染@两天后，她因相似症状和频繁呕吐到急诊室就诊。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "就诊科室",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急诊室"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热伴寒战"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大汗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "盗汗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
子宫内膜癌@## 治疗步骤 内膜癌可行手术、放疗、化疗或多种治疗方法的结合治疗，最大程度提高治愈率、降低发病率。 子宫内膜癌@ * 手术的两个重要作用为：首先，进行内膜癌分期并确定低危（IA期），中危（IB至II期）及高危（III期及IV期）组患者，制定各组患者治疗方案，包括是否需辅助治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "内膜癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "IA期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
（三）影像学辅助检查 1. X线检查 JIA早期（病程1年左右）X线仅显示软组织肿胀，关节周围骨质疏松，关节滑膜炎，关节附近呈现骨膜炎。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X线"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@### 非活动性出血 第一步是消除病因，接下来是促进溃疡愈合的治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非活动性出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
中耳炎@ ### 乳突炎 | 短期 | 低 极少发生乳突炎。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "中耳炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乳突炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@广义来讲，谵妄涵盖所有脑病的意识改变或模糊。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "谵妄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "意识改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "模糊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
急性髓性白血病@## 鉴别诊断 ### 查看全部 ### 急性淋巴细胞白血病 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 临床上不能与 AML 鉴别。 急性髓性白血病@[ 急性淋巴细胞白血病 ](/topics/zh-cn/273) ### 双表型白血病 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 可能会存在可触摸到的淋巴结。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双表型白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "双表型白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "可触摸到的淋巴结"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性淋巴细胞白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
胰腺癌@发病高峰在65到75岁，初始症状为无痛性黄疸和体重下降。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "65到75岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无痛性黄疸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肥厚型心肌病@一旦出现这种并发症，死亡率就会很高，距离死亡或心脏移植的平均时间为 2.7±2.1 年。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏移植"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@### 其他诊断因素 ### 常见 查看全部 ### 心悸 通常是不定期的发生，可能与心动过速有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心悸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心动过速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心悸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
经过手术治疗的脑积水患儿，存活率至少在90%，大约2/3智商正常或接近正常。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预后生存率",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "至少在90%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
}
] |
表5-14 新生儿硬肿症诊断分度评分标准 注： （1）体温、硬肿范围和器官功能改变分别评分，总分为0分属轻度，1～3分为中度，4分及以上为重度 （2）硬肿范围计算：头颈部20%，双上肢18%，前胸及腹部14%，背部及腰骶部14%，臀部8%，双下肢26% （3）器官功能低下，包括不吃、不哭、反应低下、心率慢或心电图、血生化异常；器官功能衰竭指休克、心力衰竭、DIC、肺出血、肾衰竭等 （4）体温＜35℃时，腋-肛温差负值提示机体产热衰竭，0或正值为未衰竭 4.感染并存者常并发肺炎、败血症。 （二）凝血障碍 重症凝血酶原时间延长，伴DIC时凝血活酶时间延长，3P试验阳性，纤维蛋白原降低。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "凝血障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "败血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
白喉@### 咽喉痛 经常伴有低烧；可发展为呼吸困难，伴假膜形成。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽喉痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低烧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "假膜形成"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@### 弱 查看全部 ### 高甘油三酯血症 很难确定高甘油三酯血症的独立作用，因为它与HDL紧密负相关，而且通过测定空腹血脂水平不能准确评价每天甘油三酯的暴露情况。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高甘油三酯血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "高甘油三酯血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "测定空腹血脂水平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
流行性腮腺炎（mumps，epidemic parotitis)是由腮腺炎病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病,最常影响 5~ 15岁的儿童。 【实验室检查】 血、尿淀粉酶测定90%患者发病早期血清和尿淀粉酶有轻至中度增高，约2周左右恢复正常,血脂肪酶同时增高有助于胰腺炎的诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血、尿淀粉酶测定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "mumps"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "epidemic parotitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腮腺炎病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "流行性腮腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5~ 15岁的儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@结果显示，与安慰剂相比，接受 telotristat 的患者中，排便频率降低。类癌综合征@这可能为难治性类癌综合征患者提供了一种新的治疗选择。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "难治性类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "telotristat"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "安慰剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@### 慢性高血压 慢性高血压和血管病症患者先兆子痫的风险较高，因而 HELLP 综合征的风险也较高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "慢性高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先兆子痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "血管病症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先兆子痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "慢性高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HELLP 综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "血管病症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HELLP 综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（四）诱发因素 阻塞性呼吸暂停、胃食道反流、癫痫、发热、睡眠的周期性肢体活动等在夜间的睡眠中间歇发生，容易诱发觉醒性异态睡眠。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "觉醒性异态睡眠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阻塞性呼吸暂停"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "觉醒性异态睡眠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃食道反流"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "觉醒性异态睡眠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "癫痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "觉醒性异态睡眠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "觉醒性异态睡眠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睡眠的周期性肢体活动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
痛风@对于大多数患者，应考虑进行滑液分析，但是通常可做出临床诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "滑液分析"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@尤其是高危人群：包括无宿主免疫的旅客，孕妇，儿童和老年人。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无宿主免疫的旅客"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "孕妇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "老年人"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
女性青春期可有月经过多。3型vWD患儿可有关节、软组织出血，极少数因颅内出血而危及生命。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "月经过多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节、软组织出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "vWD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅内出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
五、弥散性血管内凝血 弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）是许多疾病严重阶段的并发症，机体在某些致病因素作用下，凝血系统被激活，凝血过程加速，微循环内发生纤维蛋白沉积和血小板凝集，导致血管内广泛微血栓形成，由于凝血因子被消耗，发生广泛出血。 3.使用肝素 早期使用小剂量肝素，20U/kg，皮下注射，每天2～3次。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "弥散性血管内凝血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "弥散性血管内凝血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "DIC"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
新生儿黄疸@如果血细胞比容>65%，红细胞增多症需要通过得到血细胞比容水平（无论是与静脉或动脉血样）进行检查。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "红细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血细胞比容水平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
铁剂治疗 口服铁剂：铁剂是治疗缺铁性贫血的特效药，若无特殊原因,应采用口服给药;二价铁盐容易吸收，故临床均选用二价铁盐制剂。常用的口服铁剂有硫酸亚铁(含元素铁20% )、富马酸亚铁（含元素铁33% )、葡萄糖酸亚铁(含元素铁12% )、琥珀酸亚铁(含元素铁35% )等，口服铢剂的剂量为元素铁每日4 ~6mg/kg，分3次口服，以两餐之间口服为宜;为减少胃肠副作用,可从小剂量开始，如无不良反应，可在1 ~2日内加至足量。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硫酸亚铁(含元素铁20% )"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "富马酸亚铁（含元素铁33% )"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "葡萄糖酸亚铁(含元素铁12% )"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "琥珀酸亚铁(含元素铁35% )"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
3.水肿 生后3～5天在手、足、小腿、耻骨区及眼窝等处有明显的水肿，2～3天后可以消退，可能与新生儿水代谢有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "足"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小腿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "耻骨区"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼窝"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿水代谢"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
表5-14 新生儿硬肿症诊断分度评分标准 注： （1）体温、硬肿范围和器官功能改变分别评分，总分为0分属轻度，1～3分为中度，4分及以上为重度 （2）硬肿范围计算：头颈部20%，双上肢18%，前胸及腹部14%，背部及腰骶部14%，臀部8%，双下肢26% （3）器官功能低下，包括不吃、不哭、反应低下、心率慢或心电图、血生化异常；器官功能衰竭指休克、心力衰竭、DIC、肺出血、肾衰竭等 （4）体温＜35℃时，腋-肛温差负值提示机体产热衰竭，0或正值为未衰竭 4.感染并存者常并发肺炎、败血症。 （五）心电图 主要表现Q-T时间延长、低电压、T波低平或倒置、ST段下降。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "败血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@### 念珠菌性脑膜炎 念珠菌性脑膜炎有高致病率及死亡率，因此应进行积极治疗。真菌性脑膜炎@ 脂质体两性霉素 B 可用于肾脏损害的病例。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "念珠菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两性霉素 B"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "真菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两性霉素 B"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
宫颈癌@结果 贫血 ### 肾功能检查 检查 结果 检查 肌酐升高可能提示肾脏系统受累或梗阻。 宫颈癌@结果 升高 ### 胸片 检查 结果 检查 圆形或空泡样的病灶提示可能的转移病变；可提示分期。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
急性膀胱炎@急性膀胱炎在女性更为常见。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "急性膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "女性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@慢性误吸可能并发支气管扩张症（临床提示局部捻发音、吸气减少和杵状指）。 小儿哮喘@检查 胸片显示间质性肺炎或局限性肺炎局部征象。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "慢性误吸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "间质性肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "慢性误吸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局限性肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "慢性误吸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管扩张症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
6.婴儿良性肌阵挛癫痫 6个月～2岁间发病，患儿神经发育正常；发作表现为全身肌阵挛；EEG发作期表现为弥漫性棘慢波或多棘慢波，发作间期常无异常放电；以后良好。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "婴儿良性肌阵挛癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "6个月～2岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴儿良性肌阵挛癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全身肌阵挛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "婴儿良性肌阵挛癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "良好"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
}
] |
肝硬化@### 脾静脉血栓形成 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 胰腺炎的症状和体征：急性胰腺炎时上腹剧痛放射至背部、呕吐、肠鸣音消失、发热、低血容量性休克、脐周皮肤变色（Cullen 征）、两侧肋腹皮肤变色（Grey Turner 征）；慢性胰腺炎时出现非特异性腹痛（进食后加重）、腹泻、脂肪泻、体重下降、低热。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脾静脉血栓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上腹剧痛放射至背部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠鸣音消失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低血容量性休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脐周皮肤变色"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两侧肋腹皮肤变色"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "脐周皮肤变色",
"subject_type": "症状",
"object": {
"@value": "Cullen 征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脂肪泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
病毒性脑膜炎@＞50 岁的成人 – 附加 – 地塞米松 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 #### 第一选择 [ 地塞米松 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 0.15 mg/kg，静脉给药，每 6 小时一次，持续 2-4 天 尽管未证实在给予抗生素之前给予地塞米松辅助治疗能够显著降低细菌性脑膜炎患者的死亡率，但已证实此治疗可减少高收入国家患者的听力受损和神经系统后遗症。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地塞米松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎患者",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地塞米松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎患者",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
急性淋巴细胞白血病@浸润组织时可出现骨痛、睾丸肿大和颅神经症状及体征。急性淋巴细胞白血病@ 确诊需进行骨髓活检。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睾丸肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@## 鉴别诊断 ### 查看全部 ### 哮喘 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 哮喘通常于幼年时期发作。慢性阻塞性肺疾病@症状每天都有变化，患者会出现明显的哮鸣，通常对支气管舒张剂有迅速反应。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "明显的哮鸣"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "哮喘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
X线、CT或磁共振（MRI) 约85%的结核性脑膜炎患儿的胸片有结核病改变,其中90% 为活动性病变，呈粟粒性肺结核者占48%。 【鉴别诊断】 应与化脓性脑膜炎、病毒性脑膜炎、隐球菌性脑膜炎、脑肿瘤进行鉴别。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "结核性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化脓性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "结核性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "结核性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "隐球菌性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "结核性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "结核性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X线"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "结核性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "结核性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "磁共振（MRI)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@推荐的替代长效β受体激动剂的是白三烯受体拮抗剂 或茶碱。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白三烯受体拮抗剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "茶碱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
六、恶性血管内皮瘤 恶性血管内皮瘤（malignant mesothelioma）又称血管肉瘤，小儿少见。 肿瘤以皮肤的发生率最高，其他依次为软组织、乳房、肝、脾、心脏等处。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "软组织"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乳房"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "malignant mesothelioma"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管肉瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "恶性血管内皮瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小儿少见"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
单心室@ 【辅助检查】 （一）心电图检查 由于心电图通常表现为心室增大，以左心室肥厚常见，因此无特异性。 单心室@ （四）心导管造影检查 任何有症状的单心室均需进行心导管造影检查，无症状患儿包括轻度青紫或无充血性心力衰竭的患儿可在生后1月后进行。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "单心室",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心导管造影检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "单心室",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心电图检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@干扰素α曾被用于不能耐受生长抑素类似物的类癌综合征患者。类癌综合征@ 干扰素α的作用是通过 1 型干扰素受体介导的。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "干扰素α"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@### 老年患者感染的非特异性体征 体温过低或意识模糊。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体温过低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "意识模糊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
睾丸旁肿瘤通常是单侧的、无痛性阴囊内肿块，偶伴腹膜后肿块，多继发于淋巴扩散，占27%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "淋巴扩散",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睾丸旁肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "睾丸旁肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无痛性阴囊内肿块"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "睾丸旁肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹膜后肿块"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
腹主动脉瘤@ II 型： * 开放侧支血管内漏。腹主动脉瘤@ * 可能自发消退，但持续存在可能导致囊的生长。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "腹主动脉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "开放侧支血管内漏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
据统计，全世界每年约有100万～200万新生儿死于新生儿肺炎。 一、宫内与出生时感染性肺炎 【临床流行病学】 （一）发病率 宫内感染性肺炎占活产新生儿的0. 5%。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "新生儿肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "0. 5%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "宫内感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "0. 5%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@### 支持性疗法 治疗必须与临床评估和检查同时进行。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支持性疗法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
成人哮喘@结果 阳性 ### 过敏原特异性 IgE 免疫测定 检查 结果 检查 对于确定过敏性哮喘的过敏原、指导免疫治疗有用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "成人哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "过敏原特异性 IgE 免疫测定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@CSF分析和培养能提示特征性改变，如感染、感染相关或肿瘤相关抗体。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
右心的栓子引起肺栓塞;左心的栓子引起肾、脑、脾、四肢、肠系膜等动脉栓塞。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "肺栓塞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "右心的栓子"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "动脉栓塞",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左心的栓子"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
痛风@需要化疗的淋巴组织增殖性疾病患者，应进行静脉补液和服用别嘌呤醇，以防止高尿酸血症和并发症的发生（如尿酸肾病导致的急性肾功能衰竭）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高尿酸血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性肾功能衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性肾功能衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿酸肾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@布鲁金斯基氏征阳性也表明出现脑膜炎症，并提示有脑膜炎。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑膜炎症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "布鲁金斯基氏征阳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
1.急性维生素A过多症 成人一次剂量超过30万~100万IU,儿童一次剂量超过30万IU即可能发生急性中毒。血浆维生素A水平剧增,可达500μg/L以上(正常成人100 -300μg/L)。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性维生素A过多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血浆维生素A水平剧增"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@结果 骨量减少、溶骨性病灶、病理性骨折 ### 全身多探头的低剂量计算机断层扫描 (WBLD-CT) 检查 结果 检查 在检测溶骨性病变方面较传统影像学检查更敏感，因此，在可用情况下应为首选方法。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨量减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溶骨性病灶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病理性骨折"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
病毒性脑膜炎@人类肠道病毒是病毒性脑膜炎最常见的病因。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "人类肠道病毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@经保守疗法无改善的患者进行手术或经皮胆囊造口术置管。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊造口术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
HIV 感染@ 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的指南强烈建议为 HIV 感染风险极高的 HIV 阴性个体提供包含替诺福韦在内的口服 PrEP，作为联合预防方法的一部分。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HIV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "替诺福韦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
1.简单部分性发作（simple partial seizures） 发作开始意识多不丧失，最初发作表现可反映癫痫起源的脑区。 （2）感觉症状： 包括：①躯体感觉性发作（麻木及疼痛等）；②特殊感觉异常（视、听、嗅和味）及幻觉；③眩晕性发作。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感觉症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "感觉症状",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "躯体感觉性发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "感觉症状",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "麻木及疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "感觉症状",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "幻觉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "感觉症状",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眩晕性发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
化脑一般发病急，有高热、头痛、呕吐、食欲缺乏及精神委靡等症状。如未及时治疗，颈强直加重、头后仰、背肌僵硬甚至角弓反张。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颈强直加重"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头后仰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "背肌僵硬甚至角弓反张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "背肌僵硬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "角弓反张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食欲缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "精神委靡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@ 在HIV感染患者中，隐球菌性脑膜炎的治疗因免疫重构炎性综合征（概率约为每8例患者中有1例）的发生而变得复杂。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "隐球菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重构炎性综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@内镜表现包括黏膜苍白以及点状出血。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黏膜苍白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "点状出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
麻疹感染@麻疹的异常表现包括肺炎、中耳炎、心肌炎/心包炎和脑炎。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中耳炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌炎/心包炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "麻疹感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
持续性抑郁症@一份对多项系统评价的综述研究了重性抑郁的多种不同药物与非药物疗法，发现在非药物治疗方案中，与第二代抗抑郁药（例如选择性 5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂或选择性 5-羟色胺去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂）相比，CBT 具有最有力度的证据。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CBT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@家庭成员有些担心，因为该患者在过去一年有些健忘，遂将其带至门诊就诊。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "健忘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胃炎@内镜下可见局部多发小息肉型肿瘤。胃炎@治疗方法为内镜下切除术。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内镜下切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内镜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@### 足拖行或擦脚 患者常描述行走几条街或几英里后逐渐出现无力，如足擦地面。多发性硬化症@这种无力或力弱休息后得到缓解。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "足擦地面"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "足拖行"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "擦脚"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@ ### 胰腺癌 | 长期 | 低 除遗传性胰腺炎患者外，一般少见于45岁以下患者。慢性胰腺炎@累积发病风险为2%/10年。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "2%/10年"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰腺癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "45岁以下"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |