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急性胰腺炎@可能发展为反复发作的急性胰腺炎或慢性胰腺炎，并且吸烟者、酗酒者以及男性的风险更高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸烟者"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "急性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "酗酒者"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
第十二章 肾衰竭 第一节 急性肾衰竭 肾脏的生理功能包括排泄（滤过与重吸收）、调节水、电解质及酸碱平衡以及内分泌代谢等方面。 【实验室检查】 （一）尿液 肾实质性ARF时尿比重＜1. 016，渗透压＜350mOsm/（kg•H2O），尿钠＞40mmol/L，并可见到不同程度的蛋白、红细胞及白细胞等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "急性肾衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "急性肾衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾脏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肾衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性肾衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@### 肾结石 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 可出现单侧腹痛，为局限性疼痛，或者由腹股沟/睾丸区向腹部及背部的线性放射性疼痛。 慢性胰腺炎@伴随症状可能包括恶心、呕吐、排尿困难、尿急和血尿。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "排尿困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿急"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾结石"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹股沟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "背部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单侧腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局限性疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@ 但是，一项 III 期随机临床试验比较了 MPT 方案与来那度胺联合地塞米松方案，发现来那度胺联合地塞米松组的无进展生存期和总生存获益得到改善，直到病情发生进展。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "来那度胺联合地塞米松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（二）糖皮质激素 用于系统性硬化症，缓解炎性肌病及肺纤维化，但不能阻止本病的进展。 （六）中药 可选用复方参片口服或用复方丹参注射液静滴。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "系统性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "复方参片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "系统性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "复方丹参"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
HIV 感染@结果 可以正常或有贫血或血小板减少症 ### 血清电解质 检查 结果 检查 在开始 ART 之前检测，并在治疗过程中监测。 HIV 感染@结果 有可能正常或紊乱 ### 血清肌酐 检查 结果 检查 在开始 ART 之前检测，并在治疗过程中监测。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "HIV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清电解质"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "HIV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清肌酐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第六节 幼儿急疹 幼儿急疹（exanthem subitum）又称婴儿玫瑰疹（roseola infantum），是常见于婴幼儿的急性出疹性传染病。 （一）发热期 常突起高热，持续3～5天。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "幼儿急疹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "幼儿急疹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "幼儿急疹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "exanthem subitum"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "幼儿急疹",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "婴儿玫瑰疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
自身免疫性肝炎@结果 成人患者的滴度达到 1:80 或更高（儿童患者滴度达到 1:40 或更高），与 1 型自身免疫性肝炎相关 ### 抗-SLA/LP（抗可溶性肝抗原或肝/胰腺） 检查 结果 检查 它们是自身免疫性肝炎的高度特异性标记物。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗-SLA/LP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
食管pH动态监测 经鼻孔将微电极放置在食管括约肌的上方,24小时连续监测食管下段 pH,如有酸性GER发生则PH下降。 【诊断】 GER临床表现复杂且缺乏特异性，仅凭临床症状有时难以与其他引起呕吐的疾病相鉴别，即使是GER也难以区分是生理性或病理性。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "GER",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食管pH动态监测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@应考虑将应用舍曲林、 西酞普兰及艾司西酞普兰为一线治疗，并慎用半衰期较长的药物（氟西汀）和已知具有更多活性的药物（帕罗西汀）。 阿尔茨海默病@当出现食欲不振和失眠时，给予米氮平是恰当的治疗，已经表明一线选择性 5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂 (SSRI) 对这些症状无效。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食欲不振"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "舍曲林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "西酞普兰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "艾司西酞普兰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "失眠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "米氮平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（一）感染性休克 又称脓毒性休克，主要由细菌、病毒等致病性微生物及其有害产物所致，以革兰阴性菌感染居首位。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "感染性休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脓毒性休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "革兰阴性菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脓毒性休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
肾细胞癌@ 患者被化分成 3个不同的风险组：低风险组（无不良预后因素），该组患者未达到中位总生存率 (mOS)，且 2 年总生存率（2 年 OS）为 75%，中等风险组（1 或 2个不良预后因素），该组患者的 mOS 为 27 个月，2 年 OS 为 53%，高风险组（3 到 6个不良预后因素），该组患者的 mOS 为 8.8 个月，2 年 OS 为 7%。肾细胞癌@对高危险患者建议每年行CT随诊，对低危险患者则进行超声随诊。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
3.急性肾炎型。 由于HSPN在急性期有特征性出血性皮疹、腹痛、肠出血、关节炎和肾炎等特点，因此不难诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性肾炎型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血性皮疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
除了肿胀和疼痛之外，骨肿瘤也可具有下列表现： （一）功能障碍 因疼痛和肿块本身可以影响患肢活动，特别是肿瘤生长靠近关节处，也可因为长期的肿瘤生长引起肢体肌肉的萎缩导致运动功能的障碍。 （三）压迫症状 根据肿瘤生长的解剖部位不同，可能产生的压迫症状也不相同。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "骨肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "压迫症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "骨肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "功能障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "骨肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "运动功能的障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
川崎病@ 【辅助检查】 川崎病的诊断在实验室有许多典型的异常，但没有特殊性。川崎病@在急性期白细胞总数正常或升高，多形核白细胞也升高。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白细胞总数正常或升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多形核白细胞也升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@如果患者不适合行手术，应考虑经皮行胆囊造口术，如果病情改善，可考虑进行胆囊切除术。 胆囊炎@重度（III 级） * 定义为至少以下任一器官/系统功能障碍：心血管（低血压，需要每分钟使用 ≥5 μg/kg 多巴胺或任何剂量的去甲肾上腺素[去甲肾上腺素]治疗）、CNS（意识水平下降）、呼吸（PaO2/FiO2 比指数＜300）、肾脏（少尿，肌酐 ＞176.8 μmol/L [＞2.0 mg/dL]）、肝脏 (INR ＞1.5) 或血液（血小板计数 ＜100,000 个/μL）和/或局部感染严重。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
部分性性早熟 单纯乳房早发育、单纯阴毛早现、单纯早初潮等。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "部分性性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单纯乳房早发育"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "部分性性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单纯阴毛早现"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "部分性性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单纯早初潮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
根据美国20 000例CF患者的调查，表现急性或持续呼吸道症状者占50. 5%，生长发育障碍、营养不良者占42. 9%，大便异常（如脂肪泻）占35. 0%，胎粪性肠梗阻为18. 8%，有家族史者占16. 8%。婴儿可表现广泛喘鸣。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "广泛喘鸣"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性或持续呼吸道症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长发育障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "营养不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大便异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
病毒性脑膜炎@结果 在细菌性脑膜炎中升高 ### 脑脊液乳酸 检查 结果 检查 脑脊液乳酸降低 (＜35 mg/dL) 有助于鉴别病毒性和细菌性脑膜炎，特别是在使用抗生素前进行检测时。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑脊液乳酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
登革热@例如，如果患者出现急性发热性疾病和皮肤潮红，并且来自一个登革热感染流行地区，那么感染登革热的概率高，基本的实验室检查结果可用于支持诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性发热性疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤潮红"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肥厚型心肌病@ * 有症状的窦房结功能异常的HCM患者，有植入永久起搏器适应证。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "HCM",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "植入永久起搏器"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
【治疗】 凡诊断为GER的患儿，特别是有合并症或影响生长发育者必须及时进行治疗。主要作用为抑制酸分泌、中和胃酸以减少反流物对食管黏膜的损伤，提高LES张力:①抑酸药:H2受体抬抗剂（H2-receptor blockers)，如西咪替丁（cimetidine)、雷尼替丁 ( ranitidine )、法莫替丁 ( famotidine )、尼扎替丁 ( nizatidine );质子泵抑制剂（proton pump inhibitors, PPI),如奥美拉唑（omeprazol)、兰索拉唑（lansoprazole)、埃索美拉唑（esomeprazole)等，可根据年龄特点选择使用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GER",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "H2受体抬抗剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GER",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "西咪替丁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GER",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "雷尼替丁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GER",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "法莫替丁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GER",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尼扎替丁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GER",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "质子泵抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GER",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奥美拉唑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GER",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "兰索拉唑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GER",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "埃索美拉唑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "H2受体抬抗剂",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "H2-receptor blockers"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "西咪替丁",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "cimetidine"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "雷尼替丁",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "ranitidine"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "法莫替丁",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "famotidine"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "尼扎替丁",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "nizatidine"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "质子泵抑制剂",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "proton pump inhibitors"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "质子泵抑制剂",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "PPI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "奥美拉唑",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "omeprazol"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "兰索拉唑",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "lansoprazole"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "埃索美拉唑",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "esomeprazole"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
第三节 病毒性脑炎与脑膜脑炎 【临床表现】 病毒性脑炎大多同时累及脑膜，如脑膜炎的表现较为明显则称为脑膜脑炎。病毒性脑炎或脑膜脑炎有许多与无菌性脑膜炎相似的临床表现，如发热、头痛以及疲倦等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疲倦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无菌性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热、头痛以及疲倦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
小儿再障分为： （一）先天性（体质性）或遗传性 1. Fanconi贫血。 2.先天性角化不良症（dyskeratosis congenita）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "再障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性角化不良症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "再障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Fanconi贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "小儿再障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性（体质性）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "小儿再障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗传性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@提供入院前急救服务的医疗保健人员应同样对怀疑患急性冠状动脉综合征的胸痛患者给予阿司匹林（嚼服），除非患者有禁忌证或已经服用过阿司匹林。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性冠状动脉综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿司匹林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
血吸虫病@严重的尾蚴性皮炎可局部用皮质类固醇激素治疗。血吸虫病@瘙痒可用口服抗组胺药物，冷敷和炉甘石洗剂控制。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "尾蚴性皮炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "炉甘石洗剂控制"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "尾蚴性皮炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冷敷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "尾蚴性皮炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗组胺药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "尾蚴性皮炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
双糖不耐受患儿食用含双糖(包括乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖）的饮食可使腹泻加重,其中以乳糖不耐受最多见，治疗中应注意减少饮食中的双糖负荷，如采用不含乳糖代乳品或去乳糖配方奶粉等。推荐方案:脂肪乳剂每日 2~3g/kg,复方氨基酸每日2~2.5g/kg，葡萄糖每日12~15g/kg,电解质及多种微量元素适量,液体每日120~150ml/kg,热量每日50~90cal/kgo好转后改为口服。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脂肪乳剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "复方氨基酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "葡萄糖"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "电解质及多种微量元素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
食物中毒@其他有效方法包括戴手套和穿隔离衣。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戴手套"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@如果多种微生物感染被排除或极不可能，推荐给予青霉素或氨苄西林，并联用克林霉素。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氨苄西林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "克林霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@一项针对慢性胰腺炎患者镇痛治疗的随机对照研究（RCT）表明，与吗啡相比，曲马多是最有效的口服止痛药物，并且胃肠道不良反应较少。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "曲马多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
口腔黏膜炎@因可伴有胃肠道黏膜炎，患者还可能诉腹泻。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胃肠道黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "口腔黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃肠道黏膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "口腔黏膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
最常见的横纹肌肉瘤组织类型是胚胎型，由梭状的横纹肌母细胞、具有嗜伊红细胞质和纵行条纹的小圆细胞组成。好发年龄8岁以下。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "横纹肌肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "8岁以下"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "横纹肌肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "8岁以下"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
小细胞肺癌@### 预防性头颅照射 (PCI) SCLC 患者发展为脑转移的风险较高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "预防性头颅照射 (PCI)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@结果 新生儿肺叶实变、弥漫性肺浸润（肺炎） ### 关节X线检查 检查 结果 检查 化脓性关节炎的通常发现。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节X线检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 原发感染灶 多数脓毒症患者都有轻重不等的原发感染灶。 肝脾大 一般仅轻度增大,当发生中毒性肝炎或肝脓肿时则肝增大显著且伴明显压痛，并可出现黄疽。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脾大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脓毒症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "原发感染灶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肝脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中毒性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肝脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "压痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "肝脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄疽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【病理】 RS的病理改变主要表现在脑和肝脏。电镜检查可见线粒体肿胀和变形，线粒体嵴可消失，肝细胞浆中可见许多细小的脂肪滴。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "RS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "线粒体肿胀和变形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "RS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "线粒体嵴可消失"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "RS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "RS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
综上所述，目前对SSPE的诊断只要具备相应的临床表现（不一定十分典型）以及脑脊液麻疹抗体升高两项条件即可建立诊断，如果还具备一些支持条件如麻疹病史或接种史、典型分期、脑电图异常、脑脊液球蛋白升高及神经影像学的动态变化时，诊断将更为肯定。 2.干扰素 鞘内注射或静脉注射，可延缓病情进展速度。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "SSPE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "干扰素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
喉癌@所有最常见癌症里排名第11，上呼吸消化道的最常见癌症里排名第2。 喉癌@疾病的发生发展常与烟酒嗜好相关。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "喉癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "烟酒嗜好"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@ 自身免疫性胰腺炎的 JPS 诊断标准 要求必须在超声、CT 和/或 MRI 中发现以下影像学诊断结果： * 主胰管狭窄伴管壁不规则改变以及 * 弥漫性或局灶性胰腺肿胀， 上述影像学表现需同时合并1项下述改变： * 自身抗体：血清γ球蛋白、IgG、IgG4升高或自身抗体阳性（例如抗核抗体和类风湿因子） * 组织学：特征性胰腺小叶间纤维化及胰管周围淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润，偶尔可见淋巴滤泡。慢性胰腺炎@ 应用上述诊断标准时，应注意排除胰腺或胆管恶性肿瘤。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "自身免疫性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆管恶性肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "自身免疫性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "自身免疫性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "自身免疫性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "自身免疫性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "IgG4升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "自身免疫性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴滤泡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |