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冠状动脉瘤是川崎病中最严重的并发症。约有25%的病人有渗出性心包炎。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "渗出性心包炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冠状动脉瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@电流干燥术（由热/电流造成的损伤）和刮除术会造成疼痛和色素沉着异常的风险以及明显的瘢痕。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "电流干燥术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "刮除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "色素沉着异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "明显的瘢痕"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性者潜隐起病，直至病程后期也常无明显临床症状。因此时病理上多兼有肾小球硬化和间质纤维化。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾小球硬化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "间质纤维化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@对有药物滥用或酒精滥用史的患者，戒酒和戒毒可能帮助预防 SE 发作。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "SE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戒毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "SE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戒酒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "酒精滥用史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
口咽癌@绝大部分（90%）鳞状细胞癌出现在舌根，软腭，腭扁桃体窝，腭弓，以及咽侧壁和后壁。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "舌根"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "软腭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腭扁桃体窝"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腭弓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽侧壁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "后壁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
肥厚型心肌病@### 心脏导管术 检查 结果 检查 对于在接受核素检查时出现劳力性胸痛或心肌缺血的患者，或者根据患者的危险因素推测出其患冠状动脉疾病的可能性较大的患者，应进行心脏导管术以排除其同时存在冠状动脉粥样硬化性疾病或心肌桥的可能。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏导管术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "冠状动脉疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏导管术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
溶血性贫血@### 近期摄入百草枯 除草剂通常会通过氧化性应激反应引起红细胞的非免疫性破坏。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "近期摄入百草枯"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
其他药物 5-氟胞嘧啶对隐球菌有良好的抑制作用。可与两性霉素B合用，治疗全身性隐球菌病,剂量同前。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "全身性隐球菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5-氟胞嘧啶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "全身性隐球菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两性霉素B"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
甲状腺癌@甲状腺癌多发于女性，但男性甲状腺结节癌变的患病率更高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "甲状腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "女性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "甲状腺结节癌变",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
肝硬化@### 肝移植 肝硬化患者发生肝细胞癌等并发症或者出现失代偿表现（例如腹水、黄疸、静脉曲张出血、门体肝性脑病、肝肺综合征、肝肾综合征）时，应该迅速转诊、进行肝移植评估。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝移植"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@### 静息心电图 静息心电图建议用于所有无明显非心原性病因的胸痛患者。稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@＞50% 的患者心电图正常，但可能会显示心律失常、Q 波或 ST 变化等异常，这可能表明缺血性心脏病的可能性增大。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "静息心电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "缺血性心脏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心律失常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@### 案例 #2 一名37岁的白人初孕妇，孕36周，到家庭产科医生处就诊，陈诉过去一天内恶心、右上腹疼痛。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "右上腹疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
登革热@有4种类型的诊断测试可用于确定登革病毒感染： * 病毒分离 * 病毒抗原检测 * 病毒核酸检测 * 血清学（抗体）。登革热@ 检测方法的选择取决于许多因素，包括当地的可行性，成本，样品采集时间，现有设施，技术专业性。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒核酸检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒分离"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清学"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@应鼓励处于哮喘稳定状态的患者参加体育锻炼。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体育锻炼"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
【治疗】 GERD的治疗一般根据症状的轻重不同可分为非系统性治疗、系统性内科治疗和外科手术治疗。 （1）甲氧氯普胺： 为周围及中枢神经系统多巴胺受体拮抗剂，能促进内源性乙酰胆碱的释放，增加食管收缩幅度并促进胃排空。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲氧氯普胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非系统性治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "系统性内科治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
【病因和发病机制】 （一）病因和危险因素 小儿ARDS主要致病原因为三大类：感染性肺部损伤、急性创伤性肺损伤以及免疫抑制性肺损伤。对肺部的损伤可以是直接或间接的；直接损伤如细菌、真菌、病毒感染、溺水、有害气体或液体吸入、肺栓塞、挫伤等；近年，随ICU和外科救治技术应用，持续气道正压通气、心血管手术导致肺缺血再灌注等成为医源性直接肺损伤的重要原因。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "真菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溺水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "有害气体或液体吸入"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺栓塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "挫伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染性肺部损伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性创伤性肺损伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫抑制性肺损伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "医源性直接肺损伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "持续气道正压通气"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "医源性直接肺损伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心血管手术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【诊断】 破伤风的症状最有特征性，根据消毒不严的接生史、出生后典型发作表现，一般容易诊断；早期尚无典型表现时，可用压舌板检查患儿咽部，若越用力下压，压舌板反被咬得越紧，也可确诊。 （三）破伤风抗毒素的应用 只能中和尚未与神经组织结合的毒素。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "破伤风抗毒素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@### 组织胞浆菌病 查看全部 首选 – 脂质体两性霉素 B #### 第一选择 [ 两性霉素B脂质体 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 5mg/kg/d，静脉注射，持续4~6周 可为孤立性或作为播散性组织胞浆菌病的一部分。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "真菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两性霉素B脂质体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
第四节 支原体肺炎第八篇 呼吸系统疾病 第八章 肺部感染性疾病【病因】 【临床表现】 【实验室检查】 【诊断与鉴别诊断】 【治疗】支原体肺炎（ mycoplasmal pneumonia ）由肺炎支原体（ mycoplasma pneumoniae ， MP ）引起。近年来有人认为重症MP肺炎的发病可能与人体免疫反应有关，因此，对急性期病情较重者，或肺部病变迁延而出现肺不张、肺间质纤维化，支气管扩张者，或有肺外并发症者，可应用肾上腺皮质激素口服或静脉用药，一般疗程为3 ～ 5天。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾上腺皮质激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "mycoplasmal pneumonia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肺炎支原体",
"subject_type": "社会学",
"object": {
"@value": "MP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "mycoplasmal pneumonia",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎支原体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肺炎支原体",
"subject_type": "社会学",
"object": {
"@value": "mycoplasma pneumoniae"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "重症MP肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾上腺皮质激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
真菌感染性疾病@ （六）真菌的检测 真菌的检测包括直接镜检、培养检查、特殊染色检查、生化试验、动物接种和免疫学检查等。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "真菌感染性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "直接镜检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "真菌感染性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "培养检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "真菌感染性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "特殊染色检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "真菌感染性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生化试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "真菌感染性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "动物接种"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "真菌感染性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫学检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
【分类】 根据溶血因素存在的部位不同，可将溶血性贫血分为红细胞内和红细胞外两大类。 （3）遗传性口形细胞增多症。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "遗传性口形细胞增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溶血性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红细胞内"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红细胞外"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
毛细胞白血病@嘌呤类似物治疗使早期和晚期感染增加。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "毛细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
念珠菌病@它不仅可导致皮肤、黏膜、指（趾）甲的浅部真菌病，在人体抵抗力减低时，还可侵犯胃肠道、肺、心脏、肾和脑等内脏器官，引起深部真菌病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黏膜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "指（趾）甲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "外侵部位",
"subject": "念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃肠道"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "外侵部位",
"subject": "念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "外侵部位",
"subject": "念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "外侵部位",
"subject": "念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "外侵部位",
"subject": "念珠菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
美国2006年全球出生缺陷报告NTDs患儿达32. 4万，居全球前5位常见严重出生缺陷第二位。与其他国家比较，我国NTDs发病率为0. 82‰。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "NTDs",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "0. 82‰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
垂体功能减退@在成人中，重组人生长激素通过皮下注射给药，每日一次，时间通常在晚上。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "垂体功能减退",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重组人生长激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
如果乳母维生素B1缺乏，应及时予以补充，避免婴儿发生维生素B1缺乏症。 （三）应用维生素B1治疗 小儿症状较轻，一般维生素B1的剂量为5mg/d；重症则需10mg/d静脉注射，每天2次，如症状缓解，则可改为口服。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "维生素B1缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维生素B1"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
缺锌已成为导致发育迟缓的因素之一。也可导致儿童身高不足、发育不良。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "身高不足",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺锌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "发育不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺锌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "发育迟缓",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺锌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "发育迟缓",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺锌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
阿尔茨海默病@检查 CT 或 MRI 扫描显示既往梗死和血管周围缺血。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "阿尔茨海默病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI 扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
1994年美国疾病控制中心根据临床表现和免疫状态将HIV感染进行分类,根据临床表现分为:无临床表现 (N)，轻度临床表现(A)，中度临床表现(B)和严重临床表现（C)。 结核病,肺外播散型。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "HIV感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结核病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
表17-11 小儿HIV感染分类 注：如不能确定已有HIV感染，则在上述符合前加“E”，例如EN2 （三）小儿 AIDS的主要临床征象 1.持续性全身淋巴结肿大 常为首发的临床表现。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "小儿 AIDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "持续性全身淋巴结肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
乙型肝炎@### 慢性 HBV 感染：成人妊娠或哺乳患者 查看全部 首选 – 单药抗病毒治疗 #### 第一选择 [ 替诺福韦二吡呋酯 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 300 mg，口服，每日一次 或 [ 替比夫定 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 600 mg，口服，每日1次 或 [ 拉米夫定 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 100 mg，口服，每日一次 如果病毒载量＞200,000 IU/mL，应当考虑抗病毒药物治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性 HBV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单药抗病毒治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性 HBV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "替诺福韦二吡呋酯"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性 HBV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "替比夫定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性 HBV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拉米夫定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
如喂养不当应予以纠正，慢性腹泻应予以治疗。 叶酸不能改善维生素B12缺乏引起的神经症状，故在无明显神经症状的巨幼红细胞性贫血可用叶酸进行治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "巨幼红细胞性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性腹泻应予以治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "巨幼红细胞性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喂养不当应予以纠正"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
第四节 支原体肺炎 支原体肺炎（mycoplasmal pneumonia）由肺炎支原体（mycoplasma pneumoniae，MP）引起。咳嗽多较严重，初为干咳，很快转为顽固性剧咳，有时表现为百日咳样咳嗽，咳少量黏痰，偶见痰中带血丝或血块。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "初为干咳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "很快转为顽固性剧咳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "百日咳样咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳少量黏痰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "偶见痰中带血丝或血块"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
食管癌@对于检测淋巴结和远端转移，PET比CT的灵敏度更高，对于确定是否可手术切除，PET比CT准确度好。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "食管癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴结和远端"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
持续性抑郁症@结果 在初级医疗机构筛查阳性结果即为抑郁 ### 抑郁症状快速清单 (QIDS） 检查 结果 检查 QIDS 可能有助于在治疗之前和治疗期间确定疾病的严重程度。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "筛查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抑郁症状快速清单"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "抑郁症状快速清单",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "QIDS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
1.冷凝集素病 常继发于肺炎支原体、EB病毒感染或继发于淋巴增生性疾病，产生识别I/i系统寡糖抗原的抗体，通常为IgM，需补体参与。 本病无特殊治疗，主要应防寒保暖，尤其是肢体末端，并控制原发病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "防寒保暖"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎支原体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "EB病毒感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴增生性疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
溶血性贫血@### 近期接触萘或蚕豆 可能引发葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症性溶血。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "近期接触萘或蚕豆"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
人蛔虫病是世界上流行最广的人类蠕虫病,据世界卫生组织（WHO)估计全球有13亿患者，儿童，特别是学龄前儿童感染率高。感染率农村高于城市,儿童高于成年人。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "农村"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童，特别是学龄前儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "学龄前儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@1\. 运动迟缓（自主运动开始缓慢，伴速度和重复性动作幅度进行性降低）；以及符合以下内容中的至少 1 项： * 肌强直 * 4-6 HZ 静止性震颤 * 不是由视觉、前庭、小脑或本体感觉功能障碍导致的姿势不稳。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "运动迟缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌强直"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
血吸虫病@血吸虫感染通常发生在儿童时期。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "血吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童时期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
肛门癌@切取活检应限于浅表小病变。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "肛门癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "活检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
一、沙眼衣原体肺炎 沙眼衣原体肺炎（chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia）为沙眼衣原体（CT）引起。部分患儿有新生儿期患结合膜炎的病史。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "沙眼衣原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿期患结合膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "沙眼衣原体肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "沙眼衣原体",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "沙眼衣原体",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "沙眼衣原体肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
小细胞肺癌@### 危险因素 ### 强 查看全部 ### 吸烟 大量的流行病学研究表明肺癌和吸烟相关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸烟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
急性膀胱炎@具有典型症状的单纯性膀胱炎患者可依靠病史诊断和治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "急性膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单纯性膀胱炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
腹主动脉瘤@### 先天/结缔组织疾病 在二叶式主动脉瓣畸形、马凡氏综合征患者以及妊娠妇女中，主动脉退行性变加速。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "腹主动脉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天/结缔组织疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
食物中毒@### 血清肌酐和电解质 检查 结果 检查 简单、便宜且广泛可用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清肌酐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "电解质"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
AVP基因结构异常、下丘脑及神经垂体发育缺陷，或下丘脑-神经束-神经垂体区域受到炎症、肿瘤、外伤、手术、自身免疫损伤等均能产生中枢性尿崩症。儿童由于烦渴、多饮、多尿可影响学习和睡眠，出现少汗、皮肤干燥苍白、精神不振、食欲低下、体重不增、生长缓慢等症状。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "烦渴"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多饮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "少汗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤干燥苍白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "精神不振"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食欲低下"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "中枢性尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AVP基因结构异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
第三节 急性喉、气管、支气管炎 急性喉气管支气管炎（acute laryngotracheobronchitis，croup）为一常见的气道梗阻性疾病，多见于喉部急性感染以后，炎症急速下行蔓延至气管、支气管，甚至延及小支气管、毛细支气管。必要时行直接喉镜和支气管镜检查，镜下可见喉、气管和支气管黏膜高度红肿，声门及声门下狭窄，气管和支气管内有稠厚分泌物或痂皮阻塞。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "急性喉气管支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喉镜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "急性喉气管支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管镜检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性喉气管支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "声门及声门下狭窄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "急性喉气管支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喉部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "急性喉气管支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "急性喉气管支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "急性喉气管支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小支气管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "急性喉气管支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "毛细支气管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
【预防】 由于SIDS在临床观察上存在困难，目前主要针对有高危因素的婴儿进行临床保护性干预。内容包括对父母和看护者进行培训，使之熟悉SIDS的疾病过程和危险因素，并进行一些有益于预防的措施如给用安慰奶嘴、避免俯卧位等见表6-6，但母婴同床是否对预防SIDS有利仍有争论。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "SIDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "给用安慰奶嘴"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "SIDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "避免俯卧位"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
睾丸癌@敏感性接近100%。 睾丸癌@如果超声无法确认肿块并且高度可疑（例如异常肿瘤标志物），下一步可进行盆腔和腹部CT扫描。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "睾丸癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "盆腔和腹部CT扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
宫颈癌@阴道镜可以看到血管分布异常、醋酸白表现、性交困难或肉眼可见的外生病灶。宫颈癌@在治疗前，通过活检，可建立诊断和确认浸润性病变。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阴道镜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管分布异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "醋酸白表现"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "宫颈癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肉眼可见的外生病灶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
急性髓性白血病@### 骨髓衰竭综合征 由于 AML 和继发性恶性肿瘤的风险，就骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS) 或 AML 的进展而言，先天性骨髓衰竭综合征患者，例如范可尼贫血、Kostmann 综合征和 Diamond-Blackfan 贫血，会从常规 FBC 筛查中获益。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "骨髓增生异常综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MDS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "先天性骨髓衰竭综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "范可尼贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "先天性骨髓衰竭综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "FBC 筛查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
乙型肝炎@### 脾肿大 慢性HBV感染相关性肝硬化患者中常见。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脾肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
心脏正常的患儿如因长期心动过速而发生心力衰竭，心律转为窦性后心功能通常恢复正常，但这一过程可能需几天至几周。 如需应用几种药物控制发作，或药物的副作用不能耐受，药物的治疗效果差，可选择射频消融。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "射频消融"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "长期心动过速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心力衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@ UPFRONT 试验比较了硼替佐米联合地塞米松双药治疗与硼替佐米联合沙利度胺和地塞米松，硼替佐米联合马法兰和泼尼松龙两种三药治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地塞米松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硼替佐米联合沙利度胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硼替佐米联合马法兰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泼尼松龙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
2. 控制惊厥 惊厥是重度HIE常见症状。肝功能不良者改用苯妥英钠,剂量同苯巴比妥。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯妥英钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "HIE",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "控制惊厥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
二、血小板无力症 瑞士医师Glanzmann于1918年首先报道本病，故又称Glanzmann thrombasthenia（GT）。 2.自幼有出血症状，表现为中度或重度皮肤、黏膜出血，可有月经过多，外伤手术后出血不止。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "血小板无力症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外伤手术后出血不止"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
小脑出血的诊断主要靠临床医师高度警惕，确诊可通过CT或MRI，有时头颅超声也可证实小脑出血，但阴性结果不能排除本病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "小脑出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "小脑出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "小脑出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头颅超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
子宫内膜癌@## 并发症 ### 查看全部 并发症 table 并发症 | 时间表 | 可能性 ---|---|--- ### 手术后膀胱不稳定性 | 长期 | 高 患者可能出现膀胱疼痛、尿失禁、尿急、血尿或膀胱炎的症状。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "侵及周围组织转移的症状",
"subject": "子宫内膜癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膀胱疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "侵及周围组织转移的症状",
"subject": "子宫内膜癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿失禁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "侵及周围组织转移的症状",
"subject": "子宫内膜癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿急"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "侵及周围组织转移的症状",
"subject": "子宫内膜癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "侵及周围组织转移的症状",
"subject": "子宫内膜癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "膀胱炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
近年还有人从肾母细胞瘤的浸出液中作肾素的定量分析，其量较正常肾皮质所含高得多。 （八）肿瘤破裂与转移症状 偶尔肿瘤自发性或损伤后发生破裂，一般先有剧烈疼痛，患儿出现急性贫血，多诊断为肝或脾破裂。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾母细胞瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "剧烈疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾母细胞瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@### 铅暴露风险的房屋 家中铅暴露的主要来源是含铅涂料和粉尘，以及被含铅涂料污染的土壤。铅中毒@存在铅暴露风险的房屋主要是 1950 年前建造的房屋，以及油漆表面已经破坏的房屋。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "1950 年前建造的房屋"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "被含铅涂料污染的土壤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
新生儿黄疸@### 直接胆红素水平<34.2μmol/L（2mg/dL） 如果直接胆红素水平<34.2μmol/L（2mg/dL），应通过行FBC检查高非结合型胆红素血症的原因（如溶血性贫血、体内少量出血、肝肠循环增加或者结合缺陷的原因）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "高非结合型胆红素血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溶血性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "高非结合型胆红素血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体内少量出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "高非结合型胆红素血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝肠循环增加"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "高非结合型胆红素血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺陷的原因"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
膀胱癌@通过静脉肾盂造影、CT 尿路造影、超声逆行肾盂造影或 MRI 尿路造影来实施。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "膀胱癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "静脉肾盂造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@在停止使用某些疾病改善疗法（如芬戈莫德）治疗的 MS 患者或者转用其他治疗的患者中，已有关于疑似反弹综合征（即严重恶化的临床和放射学征象超出了该患者在停药或治疗改变前的预期）的报告。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "芬戈莫德"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【治疗】 消化道出血治疗原则是：①迅速稳定患儿生命体征；②评估出血的严重程度；③确定出血病灶；④明确出血原因，针对病因治疗；⑤制定特殊治疗方法；⑥外科手术治疗。 （3）吸氧： 大量出血后血压下降，血红蛋白数量减少，其带氧功能下降，给予吸氧以确保贫血情况下机体重要器官的供氧。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "消化道出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "消化道出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "迅速稳定患儿生命体征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "消化道出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "评估出血的严重程度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "消化道出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "确定出血病灶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "消化道出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "制定特殊治疗方法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "消化道出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外科手术治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
缺血性卒中@从病理生理学角度来说，缺血性卒中大致分为： * 原发性血管性病变（例如动脉粥样硬化、动脉夹层、偏头痛或血管炎）直接减少脑灌注和/或引起动脉-动脉栓塞（即近心端动脉来源的栓子引起远心端血管狭窄或阻塞）。缺血性卒中@ * 血液系统病变（例如血栓形成高凝聚和高聚集状态）直接促使脑血管血栓形成（特别是静脉性），或者促进全身性静脉血栓形成、心脏内血栓形成和心源性栓塞。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血液系统病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "原发性血管性病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
小细胞肺癌@### 肥大性骨关节病 手腕、脚踝和膝盖骨膜的新骨生成引起的痛性关节病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肥大性骨关节病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
前列腺癌@≥10年预期生存期 – 首选 – 根治性前列腺切除术±淋巴结清扫术 对于低风险前列腺癌，需满足以下至少一项：T1/T2a期，PSA＜10微克/升（＜10ng/mL），Gleason评分≤6分。 前列腺癌@当肿瘤局限于前列腺时，可选择根治性前列腺切除术（根据患者意愿及是否适合进行手术）；是否进行淋巴结清扫术依据列线图的预测结果。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "前列腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "根治性前列腺切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
尘肺@主要的尘肺包括石棉肺、矽肺、煤工尘肺（黑肺病）和慢性铍病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "煤工尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黑肺病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "石棉肺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "矽肺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "煤工尘肺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黑肺病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性铍病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性阑尾炎@据报告，在识别急性阑尾炎方面，CT 扫描的敏感性和特异性分别为 94% 和 95%。 急性阑尾炎@具有阑尾炎特征的妊娠期女性，应行腹部超声检查探查阑尾。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部超声检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT 扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@[ 高钙血症评估 ](/topics/zh-cn/159) ### 贫血 | 存在差异 | 高 通常与 MM 相关，但对基础性 MM 的治疗可纠正贫血。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高钙血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "MM",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
Q热@ 【治疗】 采用四环素或多西环素治疗，但应争取早期治疗，过晚治疗对于缩短急性起病程没有作用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "Q热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "四环素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "Q热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多西环素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
五、其他革兰阴性杆菌肺炎 常见的革兰阴性杆菌包括大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌等。如致病菌株产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL），应选用头孢霉素类、复合β-内酰胺类，严重者选用碳青霉烯类抗生素如亚胺培南。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头孢霉素类"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "复合β-内酰胺类"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "碳青霉烯类抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亚胺培南"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "革兰阴性杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大肠埃希菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "铜绿假单胞菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@几乎所有的 MS 患者将有异常的头颅磁共振成像，但解读该磁共振成像可能有困难。 多发性硬化症@矢状 FLAIR 图像有助于区分非特异性白质改变，例如，见于高血压、糖尿病、年龄大于 50 岁、吸烟、偏头痛、高胆固醇和暴露于毒素等因素相关的病变。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "矢状 FLAIR 图像"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头颅磁共振成像"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高胆固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "偏头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高胆固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "暴露于毒素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖尿病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "年龄大于 50 岁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸烟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@肺部叩诊能够发现肺胸膜积液,特征显示迟缓。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺部叩诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺胸膜积液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@## 病因学 类似于皮肤癌的癌前病变，例如日光性角化，非黑素瘤皮肤癌的发生率因下述危险因素而有很大差别，包括肤色或色素构成，累积日光暴露量以及地理纬度。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "皮肤癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "皮肤癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "癌前病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "皮肤癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "日光性角化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "皮肤癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非黑素瘤皮肤癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "日光性角化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肤色或色素构成"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "日光性角化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "累积日光暴露量"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "日光性角化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地理纬度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "非黑素瘤皮肤癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肤色或色素构成"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "非黑素瘤皮肤癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "累积日光暴露量"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "非黑素瘤皮肤癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地理纬度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
疟疾感染@[ CDC: DPDx training - malaria RDT training video ](https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/training.html) 结果 检测寄生虫抗原或酶 ### 血常规 检查 结果 检查 血小板减少症在 _恶性疟原虫_ 感染非常常见，血小板计数常较低。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "疟疾感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血常规"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
登革热@ 病毒核酸检测： * RT-PCR 是首选检测方法，可安排在出现发热后的前 5 天内进行。登革热@组织，全血，血清或血浆样品都可以使用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "RT-PCR"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
慢性ITP患者的血小板黏附和聚集功能可以异常。美国血液学会（the American Society of Hema- tology，ASH,2011)根据临床病程的长短将本症分为3型:①新诊断的ITP(newly diagnosed ITP):确诊后<3个月；@持续性ITP(persistent ITP):确诊后3 ~ 12个月；③慢性ITP( chronic ITP):确诊后>12个月。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "ITP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新诊断的ITP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "ITP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "持续性ITP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "ITP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性ITP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "新诊断的ITP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "newly diagnosed ITP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "持续性ITP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "persistent ITP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "慢性ITP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "chronic ITP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
并发症及并存症的治疗 肺炎合并心力衰竭的治疗:吸氧、镇静、利尿、强心、应用血管活性药物:①利尿:可用呋塞米、依他尼酸,剂量为每次1 mg/kg，稀释成2mg/ml,静注或加滴壶中静点;亦可口服呋塞米、依他尼酸或氢氯噻嗪等。②强心药：可使用地高辛或毛花苷丙静脉注射。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肺炎合并心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "强心药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肺炎合并心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肺炎合并心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "镇静"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肺炎合并心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "利尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肺炎合并心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "强心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肺炎合并心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "应用血管活性药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
【生物学特征】 AML存在逃脱顺序化死亡调控的机制，部分细胞永生化。在M3中已明确由于t（15；17）造成PML/ RARa融合，阻断了对细胞的正常分化调控。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病机制",
"subject": "AML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "t（15；17）造成PML/ RARa融合"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
膀胱癌@非器官局限性肿瘤：T3a 或 T3b – 首选 – 根治性膀胱切除术和盆腔淋巴结清扫术 通常包括根治性膀胱前列腺切除术（男性）或根治性膀胱切除术联合子宫切除（女性）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "非器官局限性肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "根治性膀胱切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "非器官局限性肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "盆腔淋巴结清扫术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
2006年，朝鲜光州调查显示，2. 4%的儿童患维生素A缺乏症，42. 3%患轻度维生素A缺乏症。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "维生素A缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "2. 4%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "轻度维生素A缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "42. 3%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
脑炎@查体发现患者出现眼球运动疼痛，以及肢体和步态共济失调。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼球运动疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肢体和步态共济失调"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "共济失调"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@一项研究表明，对于高危险冒烟型骨髓瘤，使用来那度胺和地塞米松进行早期干预治疗，延迟了活动型疾病的进展并延长了总生存期。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "高危险冒烟型骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "来那度胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "高危险冒烟型骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地塞米松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
二、先天性肺囊肿 先天性肺囊肿（congenital pulmonary cysts）是常见的肺发育异常，系胚胎期肺芽发育障碍所致。 胸部X线检查是诊断本病的主要依据。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "先天性肺囊肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部X线检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "先天性肺囊肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "congenital pulmonary cysts"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
七、先天性膈疝 先天性膈疝（congenital diaphragmatic hernia）是由于胚胎期膈肌发育缺陷，出现较大的裂隙或缺损，致生后一部分腹腔脏器疝入胸腔，压迫胸腔内组织，引起呼吸、循环障碍，或胃肠道梗阻、绞窄、出血甚至坏死。新生儿期出现呼吸困难及阵发性发绀时，应考虑到本病可能。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性膈疝",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性膈疝",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阵发性发绀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "先天性膈疝",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "congenital diaphragmatic hernia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@主动脉夹层通常发生于有胶原血管病（即马凡综合征）的患者。 非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@检查 胸部增强CT或磁共振可能显示夹层或内膜瓣。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "主动脉夹层",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部增强CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "主动脉夹层",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "磁共振"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "主动脉夹层",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胶原血管病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "主动脉夹层",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "马凡综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
第二节 过敏性紫癜 【概述】 过敏性紫癜（anaphylactoid purpura）也称亨-舒综合征（Henöch-Schöhlein syndrome，Henoöch-Schönlein purpura，HSP），是一种以小血管炎为主要病变的系统性血管炎，临床表现为皮肤紫癜，常伴关节炎、腹痛、便血和肾小球肾炎；多发于学龄前和学龄期儿童，男孩多于女孩，一年四季均有发病，以春秋两季居多，国内报告HSP患病率有逐年增高趋势。 【临床表现】 多为急性起病，首发症状以皮肤紫癜为主，部分病例腹痛、关节炎或肾脏症状首先出现。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性起病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤紫癜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾脏症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "anaphylactoid purpura"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亨-舒综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Henöch-Schöhlein syndrome"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Henoöch-Schönlein purpura"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HSP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男孩多于女孩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "春秋两季居多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "过敏性紫癜",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "春秋"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@## 筛查 不推荐普遍筛查肺癌。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "普遍筛查肺癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@### 临床病史 有或无先兆的偏头痛 * 食物（例如：乳酪、巧克力、柑橘类水果）和压力可能是易感性儿童的触发因素。儿童偏头痛@ * ＞2 岁的患儿通常表现为逐渐发作的单侧或双侧性头痛，伴或不伴先兆，发作间期完全正常。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "有或无先兆的偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单侧或双侧性头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "有或无先兆的偏头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "压力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "易感性儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@经内镜逆行胰胆管造影是胆总管结石诊断最敏感和特异的检查，并有助于缓解胆道梗阻。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "胆总管结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "经内镜逆行胰胆管造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胆总管结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆道梗阻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
白内障@应进行瞳孔传入障碍检查。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "瞳孔传入障碍检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
而广泛动脉受累导致血管收缩引起四肢末梢坏疽较罕见。使用前列腺素E及系统的阿司匹林治疗并用甲基泼尼松龙冲击治疗可获得意想不到的疗效。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛动脉受累",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "前列腺素E"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛动脉受累",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "系统的阿司匹林治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛动脉受累",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲基泼尼松龙冲击治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "广泛动脉受累",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管收缩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "广泛动脉受累",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "四肢末梢坏疽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@Cambridge分类法依据ERCP、腹部超声或CT检查发现的主胰管和分支胰管异常等胰腺结构异常，将慢性胰腺炎按严重程度分为以下几类： * 1分（正常）：ERCP/腹部超声或CT可见胰腺正常，无异常征象。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ERCP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "主胰管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "分支胰管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第八节 肺静脉异位连接 肺静脉异位连接可分为完全性肺静脉异位连接及部分性肺静脉异位连接两类。 （三）超声心动图 当检查时发现右心房容量负荷过重、卵圆孔或房缺处有右向左分流、左心房内没有看到正常回流的肺静脉、左心房、左心室小、房间隔向左膨出时，需高度怀疑完全性肺静脉异位连接。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "完全性肺静脉异位连接",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声心动图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肺静脉异位连接",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "部分性肺静脉异位连接"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肺静脉异位连接",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "完全性肺静脉异位连接"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
高血压急症@MAP 不应低于 110 mmHg 以下。 高血压急症@颅内压及肾脏功能正常 – 第三 – 非诺多泮 #### 第一选择 [ 非诺多泮 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 初始静注 0.1 至 0.3 μg/kg/min，根据治疗反应，每 15 min 增加 0.05 至 0.1 μg/kg/min，上限为 1.6 μg /kg/min。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "高血压急症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非诺多泮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@ * 民间药物使用：多种民间药物与铅暴露相关。铅中毒@一些民族不愿意告知医生使用了这些民间药物。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多种民间药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@较健康受试者而言，与酒精或非酒精病因相关的慢性胰腺炎患者更常见小肠细菌过度生长。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小肠细菌过度生长"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
3.心力衰竭的治疗 ①给氧。③增强心肌的收缩力：常用洋地黄类强心药。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "洋地黄类强心药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "给氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |