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基底细胞癌@ 外用咪喹莫特 * 皮损＜2 cm。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "基底细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外用咪喹莫特"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@埃沙佐米已在一些国家获准与其他两种治疗联合治疗既往接受过至少 1 种治疗的 MM 患者。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "MM",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "埃沙佐米"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@ * 尸检：无致死性病理发现；没有原因不明的外伤/虐待/疏忽；无实质性的胸腺压迫；毒理学、微生物学、放射学、玻璃体液化学和新陈代谢筛查结果均为阴性。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尸检"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "玻璃体液化学"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
血吸虫病@### 腹水 与门静脉高压症相关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "血吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
HIV 感染@最近的研究表明，TRT 可能会增加心血管事件、血栓形成和死亡的风险，因此在当前 ART 治疗时代启动 TRT 治疗时需谨慎。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HIV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "TRT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
Cosio等对1078例肾活体组织检查标本的回顾性分析发现，TBMN占成人肾活检患者的5%。在小儿中，TBMN的发生率更高，它分别占小儿肾活体组织检查患者和小儿血尿患者的9%和50%。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "TBMN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "TBMN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "9%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "TBMN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "50%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
痛风@检查 X 光可提示软组织肿胀。 痛风@[ 反应性关节炎 ](/topics/zh-cn/597) ### 银屑病关节炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 患者常有银屑病史。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "反应性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X 光"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "反应性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "软组织肿胀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反应性关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "银屑病关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "银屑病关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "银屑病史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
根据统计，我国的高苯丙氨酸血症，大多数为PKU,约10% ~15%为BH4 缺乏症，后者以PTPS缺乏症最为常见。 皮肤 患儿在出生数月后因黑色素合成不足,头发由黑变黄，皮肤白皙。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "PKU",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头发由黑变黄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "PKU",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤白皙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "高苯丙氨酸血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PKU"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "高苯丙氨酸血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "BH4 缺乏症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "BH4 缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PTPS缺乏症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
破伤风@出现角弓反张、惊厥和自主神经紊乱。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "角弓反张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "惊厥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "自主神经紊乱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胰腺癌@持续背痛与腹膜后转移相关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胰腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "背痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
3.呼吸道局灶性感染 慢性鼻窦炎、鼻炎、中耳炎、慢性扁桃体炎，是常见的儿童上呼吸道慢性局灶性病变，一方面可以引起反复的感染，另一方面又可以通过神经反射引起反复的咳喘，需要对这些病灶进行及时处理。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "呼吸道局灶性感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性鼻窦炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "呼吸道局灶性感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "呼吸道局灶性感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中耳炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "呼吸道局灶性感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性扁桃体炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "呼吸道局灶性感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳喘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
一、肺动脉瓣狭窄 肺动脉瓣狭窄占所有右室流出道梗阻性病变的80%～90%。 患儿的生长发育往往正常，甚至有心力衰竭者亦不消瘦，面容往往硕圆（50%），大多无青紫，面颊和指端可能暗红；狭窄严重者可有青紫，大多由于卵圆孔的右向左分流所致，如房间隔缺损很大，可有严重青紫，并有杵状指（趾）及红细胞增多，但有蹲踞者很少见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青紫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肺动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "右室流出道梗阻性病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
成人资料约1/3 AHF患者并发真菌感染，主要为白假丝酵母。血清转氨酶早期升高，严重者呈胆红素与转氨酶分离现象。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "AHF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "转氨酶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "AHF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "真菌感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "真菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白假丝酵母"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
失眠症@睡眠呼吸暂停、甲状腺疾病、慢性疼痛和无规律的工作时间也可能同时出现。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睡眠呼吸暂停"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "失眠症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲状腺疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@(4) 确定的慢性胰腺炎：存在慢性胰腺炎的标志性特征，包括胰腺外分泌功能降低、吸收不良、糖尿病和胰腺钙化。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸收不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖尿病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰腺钙化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【头痛的分类】 根据发病的缓急可分为急性头痛（病程在2周内）、亚急性头痛（病程在3个月内）和慢性头痛（病程大于3个月）。根据病因可分为原发性头痛（如偏头痛和紧张性头痛等）和继发性头痛（如因感染及外伤等所致的头痛）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "原发性头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "继发性头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亚急性头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
惊厥的发生为脑缺氧、缺血、水肿或细菌毒素直接作用等多因素所致。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑缺氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "惊厥",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌毒素直接作用"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
成人特发性高钙尿者最终可有40%～60%发生肾结石，而儿童仅有2%～5%可出现肾结石。易并发尿路感染，也有病例出现多尿和多饮。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "特发性高钙尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿路感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "特发性高钙尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "特发性高钙尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多饮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "特发性高钙尿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾结石"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@胰管扩张、胰腺分叶等慢性胰腺炎表现的观察者间一致性较好，而其他特征的观察一致性较差。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰管扩张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰腺分叶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@ ### 积脓 | 短期 | 低 B族链球菌感染性肺炎会引发积脓。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "积脓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
儿童感染性休克的病原体随年龄和免疫状态的不同而变化。而免疫低下者常见的引发感染性休克的致病菌为肠杆菌科、金黄色葡萄球菌、假单胞菌（Pseudomonadaceae）和白假丝酵母。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "感染性休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肠杆菌科"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "感染性休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "金黄色葡萄球菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "感染性休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "假单胞菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "感染性休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白假丝酵母"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "假单胞菌",
"subject_type": "社会学",
"object": {
"@value": "Pseudomonadaceae"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@因此，可能有必要延迟使用P2Y12受体抑制剂，直至造影诊断明确是否需要行早期冠状动脉旁路移植术。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冠状动脉旁路移植术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
持续性抑郁症@症状缓解和汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAM-D) 评分改变：一项随机试验提供了中等质量证据：这是一项关于慢性抑郁患者以下列条件1）持续进行药物治疗并使用认知行为心理分析系统 (CBASP) 来增强效果；2）持续进行药物治疗并使用支持性心理治疗 (BSP) 来增强效果；和 3）仅使用药物，与个体化药物治疗方案相比，结果显示 CBASP 和合并BSP 都未能显著改善结果。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "汉密尔顿抑郁量表"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "汉密尔顿抑郁量表",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "HAM-D"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "认知行为心理分析系统"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "认知行为心理分析系统",
"subject_type": "其他治疗",
"object": {
"@value": "CBASP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "支持性心理治疗",
"subject_type": "其他治疗",
"object": {
"@value": "BSP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@结果 可能<90g/L(9g/dL) ### 空腹血脂检查 检查 结果 检查 并存的高脂血症是与缺血性心脏疾病相关的代谢综合征的一部分。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高脂血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "空腹血脂检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
第一节 慢病毒感染 慢病毒疾病系指一组由普通病毒引起的以慢性进行性脑病为主要表现的综合征，是神经系统慢性持续性病毒感染的结果。包括：①亚急性硬化性全脑炎（subacute sclerosing panencephalitis，SSPE）；②进行性风疹全脑炎（progressive rubella panencephalitis）；③进行性多灶性白质脑炎（progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis）；④直接逆转录病毒脑病（direct retrovirus encephalopathy）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "慢病毒感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亚急性硬化性全脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "慢病毒感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "进行性风疹全脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "慢病毒感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "进行性多灶性白质脑炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "慢病毒感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "直接逆转录病毒脑病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "亚急性硬化性全脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "subacute sclerosing panencephalitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "亚急性硬化性全脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "SSPE"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "进行性风疹全脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "progressive rubella panencephalitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "进行性多灶性白质脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "直接逆转录病毒脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "direct retrovirus encephalopathy"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
1. JMML也称JCMML在临床血液学、细胞生物学和分子学等方面与成人慢性髓系白血病（CML）明显不同。皮肤损害症状明显，特别是面部皮疹是常见而重要的体征之一，多数患儿脾大，部分患儿肝脏和淋巴结增大。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "JMML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "面部皮疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "JMML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脾大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "JMML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脏和淋巴结增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "JMML",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "JCMML"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【治疗】 GERD的治疗一般根据症状的轻重不同可分为非系统性治疗、系统性内科治疗和外科手术治疗。在此基础上如仍有症状可服用抗酸剂。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗酸剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非系统性治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "GERD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "系统性内科治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
病毒性脑膜炎@### 其他表现 病毒性脑膜炎的症状和体征与细菌性脑膜炎相似，所以临床上几乎不可能区分这两种疾病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
肝硬化@ * 戒酒、避免使用肝毒性药物，例如NSAID和高剂量对乙酰氨基酚（>2 g/天）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戒酒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "避免使用肝毒性药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
有些病儿直到尸检时才发现其为化脑。 （五）脑脊液常规 、涂片、培养 脑脊液检查是诊断化脑的必需手段，可见典型化脓性改变。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "化脑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑脊液检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
肛门癌@对于 T3 或 T4 和/或 N1 病变的患者，一些肿瘤医生添加了两个周期的诱导化疗，并增加总放疗剂量（从 45 Gy 增至 50.4 Gy），但尚不清楚是否可改善患者结局。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "肛门癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "诱导化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "放射治疗",
"subject": "肛门癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "增加总放疗剂量"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@适用支气管扩张剂，联合或不联合氧疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管扩张剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（三）Walker-Warburg综合征 本征为一组肌肉、眼和脑联合发育缺陷的疾病，至今基因缺陷尚未明确。血清CK增高；肌肉病理学检查非特异性肌纤维变性坏死，肌纤维膜和肌束膜增生；头部MRI显示脑回发育不良，脑室扩大，白质密度降低，小脑发育不良。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Walker-Warburg综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清CK增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Walker-Warburg综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清CK增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Walker-Warburg综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌纤维膜和肌束膜增生"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Walker-Warburg综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑回发育不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Walker-Warburg综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑室扩大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Walker-Warburg综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白质密度降低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "Walker-Warburg综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小脑发育不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性肾病@CKD 3a/3b 期患者均应接受甲状旁腺功能亢进筛查，至少 6-12 个月进行一次全段甲状旁腺素 (parathyroid hormone, PTH)、钙和磷的检测。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲状旁腺功能亢进筛查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
（六）其他 有人报道应用硝苯地平（nifedipine，心痛定）每次0. 25～0. 5mg/kg，一日3～4次，可减轻HSPN的血管炎病变。临床上表现为肾病综合征和/或肾炎综合征的患儿，病理上Ⅲb级以上患儿，常遗留下持续的肾损害，并最终导致肾功能不全。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗留下持续的肾损害"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "硝苯地平",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "心痛定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心痛定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@ * 子弹射击范围：主要会影响成人，可由吸入含铅空气或因铅污染衣物及其他物品而导致。铅中毒@ * 传统医学：包括墨西哥移民使用的azarcon 和 greta，越南移民使用的 pay-loo-ah以及阿育吠陀等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "azarcon"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "含铅空气"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "铅污染衣物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "greta"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "pay-loo-ah"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿育吠陀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
2.幼儿流感 可发生上呼吸道感染、喉炎、气管炎、支气管炎、毛细支气管炎和肺炎等症。此外，可见腹泻和皮疹。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "幼儿流感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "幼儿流感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "幼儿流感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上呼吸道感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "幼儿流感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喉炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "幼儿流感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "幼儿流感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "幼儿流感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "毛细支气管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "幼儿流感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@患者教育包括持续的评估和建议，帮助患者实现控制体重，增加体力活动，饮食改变，血脂达标和戒烟等目标。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "控制体重"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "增加体力活动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "饮食改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血脂达标"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戒烟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
（一）溃疡性结肠炎 大多数UC起病隐匿，或轻度腹泻，便血，仅见大便潜血。左下腹触痛明显，可有肌紧张或触及硬管状结肠。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "UC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左下腹触痛明显"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "UC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌紧张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "UC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硬管状结肠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "UC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "UC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轻度腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "UC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大便潜血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
广泛性焦虑障碍@只有患者存在持续的体征、症状或可能导致焦虑的躯体疾病情况下，如甲状腺疾病、肺部疾病或心血管疾病，实验室检查才可能起到提示作用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "甲状腺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "广泛性焦虑障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肺部疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "广泛性焦虑障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "心血管疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "广泛性焦虑障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
人蛔虫病是世界上流行最广的人类蠕虫病,据世界卫生组织（WHO)估计全球有13亿患者，儿童，特别是学龄前儿童感染率高。 蛔虫性肠梗阻:不完全性肠梗阻可采用禁食、胃肠减压、输液、解痉、止痛等处理，疼痛缓解后可予驱虫治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蛔虫性肠梗阻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童，特别是学龄前儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "人蛔虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "学龄前儿童"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "蛔虫性肠梗阻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃肠减压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "蛔虫性肠梗阻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "输液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "蛔虫性肠梗阻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "解痉"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "蛔虫性肠梗阻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "止痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
而脊髓脊膜膨出者，手术治疗疗效差，一般预后不良，即使病人能够存活下来，也是终身残疾。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "脊髓脊膜膨出",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@儿童血铅水平＞0.4 μmol/L (＞9 μg/dL) 或成人血铅水平＞1.2 μmol/L (＞24 μg/dL)需要给予积极的干预。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血铅水平＞0.4 μmol/L (＞9 μg/dL)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@### 细胞周期蛋白 D1 抑制剂 细胞周期蛋白 D 过度表达和调节异常被认为是 MM 中的关键致病事件。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细胞周期蛋白 D1 抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【病因机制和病理生理】 1.病因机制 （1）流行病学调查提示，糖尿病的发生与种族、地理环境、生活方式、饮食及感染等有关。秋、冬季节相对高发。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发季节",
"subject": "糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "秋、冬季节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
慢性髓性白血病@外周血涂片、骨髓活检及细胞遗传学检查可以确诊。慢性髓性白血病@ ### 病史 20%-40%患者无症状。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "慢性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外周血涂片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "慢性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细胞遗传学检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
（六）预防核黄疸 对于VLBW，其黄疸的换血胆红素指标应在10～15mg/dl，要及时纠正低蛋白血症，并尽早开始光疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "VLBW",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "光疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
婴幼儿室上速就诊时常伴心力衰竭，因为室上速可发作数小时而未被发现。如发作持续6～24小时或更长，且心率极快，患儿可显得极度病态，脸色灰，烦躁不安，呼吸急促、肝大，可以有发热及白细胞增多。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴幼儿室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "极度病态"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴幼儿室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脸色灰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴幼儿室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "烦躁不安"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴幼儿室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸急促"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴幼儿室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴幼儿室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白细胞增多"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴幼儿室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "婴幼儿室上速",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心力衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
食物中毒@大肠杆菌（不包括肠出血性大肠杆菌 [产志贺毒素]） – 首选 – 氟喹诺酮类 #### 第一选择 [ 环丙沙星 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 500 mg，口服，每日两次，连用 3 天 一般来说，支持治疗对大肠杆菌感染所致腹泻有一定疗效。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "食物中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氟喹诺酮类"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠杆菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肠杆菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支持治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
5.铁代谢检查指标符合缺铁性贫血诊断标准 下述4项中至少满足2项，但应注意血清铁和转铁蛋白饱和度易受感染和进食等因素影响，并存在一定程度的昼夜变化。①血清铁蛋白（serum ferritin，SF）降低（＜15pg/L），建议最好同时检测血清CRP，尽可能排除感染和炎症对血清铁蛋白水平的影响；②血清铁（serum iron，SI）＜10. 7μmol/L（60μg/dl）；③总铁结合力（total iron binding capacity，TIBC）＞62. 7μmol/L （350μg/dl）；④转铁蛋白饱和度（transferrin saturation，TS）＜15%。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清铁蛋白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清铁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "总铁结合力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "缺铁性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "转铁蛋白饱和度"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
自身免疫性肝炎@此外，还可能出现甲状腺炎、1 型糖尿病、乳糜泻和溃疡性结肠炎等其他自身免疫性疾病史。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲状腺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溃疡性结肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "自身免疫性肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乳糜泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
第三节 马蹄 肾 马蹄肾是肾脏融合畸形中最常见的一种。 马蹄肾的发生率约为0. 25%，男女之比约为2∶1。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "马蹄肾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发生率约为0. 25%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "马蹄肾",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男女之比约为2∶1"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
第二节 急性上呼吸道感染 急性上呼吸道感染（acute upper respiratory infection，AURI）简称上感，是小儿最常见的疾病。 病毒、细菌和肺炎支原体等均可引起，但原发性上感以病毒引起者最为多见，约占90%以上，主要有呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒、副流感病毒、腺病毒、鼻病毒、柯萨奇病毒、埃可病毒、冠状病毒等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎支原体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "原发性上感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "原发性上感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸道合胞病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "原发性上感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流感病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "原发性上感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "副流感病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "原发性上感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腺病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "原发性上感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "原发性上感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "柯萨奇病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "原发性上感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "埃可病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "原发性上感",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冠状病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "acute upper respiratory infection"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AURI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性上呼吸道感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
1.病毒性脑膜脑炎 急性起病，或先有上呼吸道感染或前驱传染性疾病。年长儿会诉头痛,婴儿则烦躁不安,易激惹。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "烦躁不安"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "易激惹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
1型糖尿病起病多数较急骤，几天内可突然表现明显多饮、多尿，每天饮水量和尿量可达3～5L，易饿多食，但体重下降，称为“三多一少”。在病史较长的年长儿中，消瘦、精神不振及倦怠乏力等体质显著下降颇为突出。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消瘦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "精神不振"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "倦怠乏力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "起病多数较急骤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多饮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "易饿多食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "1型糖尿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
癫痫持续状态@ ### 认知功能障碍（最典型是记忆缺失） | 短期 | 低 不太可能随时间推移而改善。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "认知功能障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
麻风病@麻风病患者可能出现眼部并发症，如角膜溃疡、虹膜睫状体炎和兔眼症。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "角膜溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "虹膜睫状体炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "兔眼症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
乙型肝炎@结果 阳性 ### 乙肝病毒DNA 检查 结果 检查 可通过定性或定量分析检测。 乙型肝炎@结果 检测不到或升高 ### 需要考虑的检查 ### 查看全部 ### 血清抗 HBe 检查 结果 检查 HBeAg 阳性转变为抗 HBe 阳性的血清转换是预测病毒清除的有用标志，提示与治疗相关的病毒清除。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乙肝病毒DNA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
ARDS/ALI的主要临床表现为急性呼吸困难、呼吸急促、严重低氧血症、胸片异常和肺静态顺应性降低。随后呼吸窘迫，吸气费力、发绀，常伴烦躁、焦虑不安，两肺广泛间质浸润，可伴奇静脉扩张、胸膜反应或有少量积液。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸窘迫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸气费力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发绀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "常伴烦躁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "焦虑不安"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两肺广泛间质浸润"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奇静脉扩张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸膜反应或有少量积液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸急促"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "严重低氧血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸片异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "ARDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺静态顺应性降低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@高达 50% 的脑膜炎患者会出现神经系统并发症，最常见的神经系统并发症是感音神经性耳聋。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感音神经性耳聋"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
广泛性焦虑障碍@### 坐立不安 在慢性的过度担心这一背景下，6条核心症状中需满足3条才能满足诊断。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "坐立不安"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
苯丙酮尿症(phenylketonuria,PKU)是一种常染色体隐性遗传疾病，因苯丙氨酸羟化酶基因突变导致酶活性降低，苯丙氨酸及其代谢产物在体内蓄积导致疾病。本病发病率具有种族和地域差异，我国1985—2011年3500万新生儿筛查资料显示,患病率为1 :10 397(2014指南）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "苯丙酮尿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "1 :10 397"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "苯丙酮尿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "常染色体隐性遗传"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
在成人，休克、肾衰竭、感染、大量胃肠道出血和其他并发症的死亡率是20%～50%。用于评估成人胰腺炎严重性的体系通常不适用于儿科患者。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "成人胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "成人胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "成人胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "成人胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大量胃肠道出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@肺癌也可以表现为肺尖癌（又称潘科斯特综合征），多表现为肩痛。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺尖癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肩痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肺尖癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "潘科斯特综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@累积性紫外线暴露（主要源于阳光）和免疫抑制状态是主要的危险因素。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "累积性紫外线暴露"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阳光"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫抑制状态是"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
妊娠期高血压@尽管β-受体阻滞剂（通常用拉贝洛尔）和硝苯地平可以作为备选药物，传统认为甲基多巴是一线治疗药物。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "β-受体阻滞剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拉贝洛尔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硝苯地平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲基多巴"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
第四节 毛细支气管炎 毛细支气管炎（bronchiolitis）是婴儿期常见的下呼吸道炎症性疾病。 根据发病年龄偏小，发病初期即出现明显的喘憋，体格检查及X线检查在初期即出现明显肺气肿，诊断不难。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X线"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "bronchiolitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@ 联合用药治疗方案 * 愿意接受可提供最大肿瘤反应率的治疗方案的患者可能会首先联合化疗，尤其是在有内脏危象、快速病情进展，或需要迅速控制症状和/或疾病时，因为联合化疗较单药化疗而言，反应率更高，尽管二次单药挽救治疗在总生存期方面与联合化疗旗鼓相当。转移性乳腺癌@ * 发现有效的最初联合化疗是 CMFVP（环磷酰胺、甲氨蝶呤、氟尿嘧啶、长春新碱及泼尼松龙），后因为毒性问题及效果极小而去掉了长春新碱及泼尼松龙。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "联合化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "单药化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CMFVP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
白内障@检查 使用荧光素并计算泪膜破裂时间可以判断泪膜的稳定性程度，以及干眼症的可能性。白内障@（泪膜破裂时间小于7秒可能就是干眼症）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泪膜破裂时间小于7秒可"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "干眼症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
细菌性脑膜炎@对青霉素敏感的患者可使用氯霉素作为替代的抗生素治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氯霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 药物性肾损害可表现为各种临床综合征，与药物种类、损害机制、使用时间及机体状况有关。 （三）肾病综合征 表现为大量蛋白尿、水肿及低蛋白血症等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "药物性肾损害",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾病综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低蛋白血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大量蛋白尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
急性阑尾炎@患者左侧卧位，缓慢后伸右大腿造成髂腰肌紧张时疼痛可能被引出（腰大肌征），或右大腿屈曲内旋时也可能被引出（闭孔内肌征）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@痉挛治疗必须权衡潜在的症状获益与可能的功能强度下降之间的平衡。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "痉挛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
妊娠胆汁淤积@### S-腺苷甲硫氨酸 该化合物可逆转雌二醇引发的胆汁分泌受损。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "S-腺苷甲硫氨酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "雌二醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
②球型肺曲霉病（aspergilloma fumgusball)：常在支气管扩张、肺结核等慢性肺疾患基础上发生，菌丝体在肺内空腔中繁殖、聚集并与纤维蛋白和黏膜细胞形成球形肿物,不侵犯其他肺组织。多数患者无症状或表现原发病症状，或出现发热、咳嗽、气急、咳黏液脓痰,其中含绿色颗粒。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "球型肺曲霉病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "球型肺曲霉病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "球型肺曲霉病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气急"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "球型肺曲霉病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳黏液脓痰"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "球型肺曲霉病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "aspergilloma fumgusball"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
破伤风@临床诊断破伤风综合征的处理原则包括：支持治疗、伤口清创、使用抗微生物制剂、被动和主动免疫、控制肌肉痉挛和治疗自主神经功能障碍。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支持治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伤口清创"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "破伤风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "使用抗微生物制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
1.冷凝集素病 常继发于肺炎支原体、EB病毒感染或继发于淋巴增生性疾病，产生识别I/i系统寡糖抗原的抗体，通常为IgM，需补体参与。糖皮质激素对部分患儿有效，反复发作者可应用免疫抑制剂如苯丁酸氮芥、环磷酰胺、硫唑嘌呤等，有一定的疗效；本病可应用血浆分离法（plasmapheresis）去除冷凝抗体，有一定的短期疗效；此外，脾切除、输注洗涤红细胞等也有一定的疗效。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖皮质激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血浆分离法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "plasmapheresis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脾切除"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "输注洗涤红细胞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎支原体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "EB病毒感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "冷凝集素病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴增生性疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "血浆分离法",
"subject_type": "手术治疗",
"object": {
"@value": "plasmapheresis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@### HIV 感染 在某些研究中被确定为患病危险因素，但是其他研究没有将其确定为患病危险因素，这可能反映了研究人群的病例组合差异。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HIV 感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
白内障@在儿童和不能进行该检查的成人中，眼底红光反射的检查和比较有助于定量评估白内障的严重程度。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼底红光反射的检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
类风湿关节炎@然而，有证据显示，与甲氨蝶呤联合用于具有预后不良标志物的早期 RA 患者时，高或中剂量泼尼松龙并逐渐减少至低剂量可有效诱导疾病缓解。 类风湿关节炎@大剂量皮质类固醇可用于有严重关节外受累（如血管炎或眼部受累）的患者。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节外"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲氨蝶呤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泼尼松龙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（四）癫痫持续状态 是指癫痫发作持续30分钟以上，或反复发作，且发作间期意识不能恢复。癫痫持续状态可能的原因和诱因包括脑外伤、颅内占位性病变、中枢感染、中毒以及代谢性疾病等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑外伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅内占位性病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中枢感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "代谢性疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发作持续30分钟以上"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "或反复发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫持续状态",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发作间期意识不能恢复"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
骨性关节炎@受累及关节的分布特征是重要的。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "骨性关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@[急性肾功能衰竭] ### 肺水肿 | 短期 | 中 发生在 6% 的患者中。HELLP 综合征@应当给患者吸氧，将氧饱和度维持在94%以上。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肺水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性肾功能衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
隐球菌病@ 【治疗】 应注意，抗真菌治疗的一个重要的辅助治疗是减少或停用免疫抑制药物，特别是肾上腺皮质类固醇。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "隐球菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗真菌治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
急性阑尾炎@## 检查 ### 首要检查 ### 查看全部 ### 全血细胞计数（FBC） 检查 结果 检查 分叶核白细胞比例升高 (>75%)。 急性阑尾炎@结果 轻度白细胞升高（10~18x10^9/L 或 10,000~18,000/μL） ### 腹部和盆腔 CT 扫描 检查 结果 检查 通过腹部和盆腔 CT 扫描，还可见阑尾壁增厚、壁增强、周围组织炎性改变。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "分叶核白细胞比例升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轻度白细胞升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阑尾壁增厚"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "壁增强"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "周围组织炎性改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部和盆腔 CT 扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全血细胞计数"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "急性阑尾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "FBC"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "全血细胞计数",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "FBC"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
消化道出血常常是小儿消化性溃疡的首发 症状,重症可出现失血性休克。如溃疡穿孔至腹腔或邻近器官,可出现腹膜炎、胰腺炎等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "消化性溃疡",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "消化性溃疡",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胰腺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "消化性溃疡",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化道出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@药物负荷CMR适用于传统影像检查受限的稳定型缺血性心脏病。稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@尤其是不适合运动或静息心电图不易判读的中危患者中，负荷MRI是恰当的诊断方法。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "负荷MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "药物负荷CMR"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
（1）氢氯噻嗪（双氢克尿塞，hydrochlorothiazide）： 1～2mg/（kg•d），每12小时1次。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "氢氯噻嗪",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "双氢克尿塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "氢氯噻嗪",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "hydrochlorothiazide"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
川崎病@病程第2周若无有效治疗，有10%～40%患儿在行B型超声或冠状动脉造影时见各种冠状动脉病变（动脉扩张，动脉瘤），冠状动脉扩张好发部位依次为左冠脉主干、左前降支及右冠状动脉近端（轻度扩张直径＞3mm而≤4mm、中度为瘤样扩张4～7mm、重度扩张为巨大冠脉瘤≥8mm）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "B型超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冠状动脉造影"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
【诊断与鉴别诊断】 如患儿有外周化脓性病灶，特别是中耳炎、乳突炎、皮肤感染或败血症，或有青紫型先天性心脏病或感染性心内膜炎，或有开放性颅脑损伤等病史，一旦出现中枢神经系统症候，即应考虑脑脓肿的可能性，及时进行CT或MRI检查可明确诊断。隐源性脑脓肿由于缺少上述外周感染史，临床诊断较为困难，确诊仍依赖神经影像学检查。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外周化脓性病灶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中耳炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乳突炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "败血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青紫型先天性心脏病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染性心内膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "开放性颅脑损伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "脑脓肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@在美国，15%-40%的孕妇被分离出B族链球菌，有B族链球菌定植的产妇所生的婴儿中，50%会发生细菌定植，其中1%-2%的婴儿会发生侵袭性感染。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "侵袭性感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "1%-2%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@处理上应注意改善生活方式，强调戒烟，控制体重，加强锻炼，以及控制血脂和血压。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戒烟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "控制体重"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "加强锻炼"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "控制血脂和血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@在头痛发作之前应有显著的受伤史。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "受伤史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
支气管哮喘（bronchial asthma)简称哮喘,是儿童期最常见的慢性呼吸道疾病。 哮喘急性发作经合理使用支气管舒张剂和糖皮质激素等哮喘缓解药物治疗后，仍有严重或进行性呼吸困难者,称为哮喘持续状态;如支气管阻塞未及时得到缓解，可迅速发展为呼吸衰竭，直接威胁生命(危及生命的哮喘发作）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管舒张剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖皮质激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "bronchial asthma"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "支气管哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "哮喘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@ * 早产：与足月儿相比，早产儿的中枢性呼吸调节能力较不成熟。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早产"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@最主要毒性表现为高血压，但是冠状动脉疾病，脑卒中死亡增加，和外周动脉疾病也可见到。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
人的一生中，都可能在某个特定时期，特定条件下出现这样那样的SID，因而早期诊断和治疗对SID具有重大意义。 （二）营养紊乱 营养紊乱是SID的另一重要原因，发展中国家尤为突出。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "SID",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "营养紊乱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@检查 心电图检查可见广泛ST段弓背向上抬高，伴PR段压低。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
二、胱氨酸尿症 胱氨酸尿症（cystinuria）是一种家族性遗传性疾病，为常染色体隐性遗传，是由近端肾小管上皮细胞及空肠黏膜对二碱基氨基酸（包括赖氨酸和精氨酸）及胱氨酸等转运障碍所致。 （二）生长发育障碍 由于氨基酸丢失引起营养障碍，导致生长迟缓及智能障碍。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "胱氨酸尿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长发育障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "胱氨酸尿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "营养障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "胱氨酸尿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长迟缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "胱氨酸尿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "智能障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "胱氨酸尿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "cystinuria"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "胱氨酸尿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "常染色体隐性遗传"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
痔@### 轻度间断出血 如患者仅有轻度间断出血，则只给患者调节生活方式及饮食以防止便秘就足够了。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "痔",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轻度间断出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "痔",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "调节生活方式及饮食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |