text
stringlengths 8
300
| spo_list
list |
|---|---|
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@减少急性加重：有高质量的证据证实预防性应用阿奇霉素可以减少 II、III、IV 期慢阻肺患者急性加重的风险。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿奇霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@结果 胆囊肿大和胆囊壁增厚；胆囊周围高信号 ### 腹部 X 光 检查 结果 检查 射线照相术显示胆囊壁、胆囊腔或胆囊周围组织出现气体，指示气肿性胆囊炎（重度胆囊炎类型）。胆囊炎@这在糖尿病患者和老年患者中更常见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气肿性胆囊炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部 X 光"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "气肿性胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊周围组织出现气体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
类风湿关节炎@患者可根据疾病早期或晚期、低或高疾病活动度、伴良好或不良预后因素（应用疾病活动度评分）分组。类风湿关节炎@然而，也有人将症状出现的2年或3年内称为早期疾病。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早期疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "晚期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
真菌性肺炎的症状和体征无特异性，但可有以下特点：①持续高热不退；②明显烦躁不安；③咳痰无色透明、黏稠；④肺部可闻及粗细不等湿啰音，也可引起脓胸或肺实变体征；⑤同时伴有其他部位真菌感染的表现，如鹅口疮、大便呈豆渣样、肛周有白膜等；⑥病程迁延不愈，抗生素治疗无效，且病情日益加重。伏立康唑、卡泊芬净、伊曲康唑等对曲菌有良好的疗效。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "真菌性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "伏立康唑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "真菌性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "卡泊芬净"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "真菌性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "持续高热不退"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "真菌性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "明显烦躁不安"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "真菌性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳痰无色透明、黏稠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@住院患者随访应当安排在出院的第1至第2周。非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@至少每6个月检测血脂水平，有心肌梗死或冠状动脉疾病的患者应达到低密度脂蛋白胆固醇<1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dl)。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血脂水平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "冠状动脉疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血脂水平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血脂水平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
登革热@黏膜出血是一个警示体征，指示患者登革热感染即将进入感染的关键阶段。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黏膜出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
膀胱癌@高分级肿瘤经常呈扁平状或为原位癌，且难以看到，但细胞学检查结果通常呈阳性。 膀胱癌@对于未累及逼尿肌的肿瘤，经尿道完整切除是首选治疗方法，但复发率高。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "膀胱癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "经尿道完整切除"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
但CT或MRI检查对产前诊断是有帮助的，特别是MRI，可显示宫内胎儿颅脑发育情况，如颅盖缺如、脑组织缺如及羊水过多。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "羊水过多",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
HIV 感染@### 二期梅毒 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 发热、不适感、咽炎、淋巴结肿大和斑丘疹。HIV 感染@此前可能有无痛生殖器硬下疳和腹股沟淋巴结肿大（一期梅毒）。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "二期梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无痛生殖器硬下疳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "二期梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹股沟淋巴结肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "HIV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "二期梅毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "二期梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "二期梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不适感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "二期梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴结肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "二期梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "斑丘疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "二期梅毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@[ 食管癌 ](/topics/zh-cn/1029) ### 胃癌 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 存在报警症状（如体重减轻，出血，贫血，呕吐，早饱，吞咽困难，或患者55岁后出现的消化不良症状），有上消化道家族史，黄疸，显而易见的肿物，或者淋巴结肿大均提示胃食管肿瘤。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胃食管肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体重减轻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胃食管肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胃食管肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胃食管肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胃食管肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早饱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胃食管肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吞咽困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胃食管肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴结肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胃食管肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄疸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "胃食管肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "上消化道家族史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "胃食管肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "显而易见的肿物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
（三）药物治疗 1.抽动的治疗 （1）氟哌啶醇： 系一种高效较多巴胺受体阻滞剂，从1961年开始，此药治疗抽动-秽语综合征，是最有效的药物之一，可作首选，由小剂量开始，0. 05mg/（kg•d）口服，然后调整剂量，使症状获得控制而无不良反应。 （2）硫必利（泰必利）： 此药与多巴胺D2受体结合，抑制中脑边缘系统多巴胺能亢进。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "抽动-秽语综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硫必利"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "抽动-秽语综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氟哌啶醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "硫必利",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "泰必利"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
麻风病@ * 中间-界线类麻风 (mid-borderline leprosy, BB)：环形斑块、打孔样病损。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中间-界线类麻风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环形斑块"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中间-界线类麻风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "打孔样病损"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中间-界线类麻风"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
急性咽喉炎@对于不能坚持10天疗程的患者，可给予单次苄青霉素肌肉注射。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性咽喉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苄青霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@提高肺功能，减少急救药物的天数，提高家长和医师治疗的满意度，并减少夜间症状评分在6-12岁的儿童：低质量的证据表明，吸入氟替卡松与口服孟鲁司特可能会比较多在提高肺功能，抢救药物的天数，家长和医师“非常满意”治疗的比例（由FEV1，早晚高峰呼气流速测量），并在减少学龄儿童夜间症状评分有效6-12岁，慢性哮喘，至少6个月。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氟替卡松"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
慢性胰腺炎@通过对疾病自然病史的研究发现，戒酒通常无法显著减缓慢性胰腺炎的进展。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "慢性胰腺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戒酒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
右位 心@ 【临床诊断】 尽管右位心可通过体格检查发现，但通常需经胸部X线平片进行诊断。右位 心@心电图同样有助于内脏位置的判断，P波电轴朝向左下，提示心房正位；P波电轴朝向右侧提示内脏反位。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "右位心",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心电图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "右位心",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部X线平片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@### 发热 与其他细菌感染一样，发热是常见的主诉症状，但是新生儿和老年患者经常无发热。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
【病理生理】 动脉导管未闭引起的病理生理学改变主要是通过导管引起的 分流，分流量的大小与导管的直径以及主、肺动脉的压差有关。 超声心动图 二维超声心动图可以直接探查到未 闭合的动脉导管。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "动脉导管未闭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声心动图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
儿童偏头痛@在发作间期完全正常且学习有进步。儿童偏头痛@有明确的伴有先兆症状的偏头痛家族史。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "儿童偏头痛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "偏头痛家族史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
八、军团菌肺炎 军团菌病可暴发流行，散发病例则以机会感染或院内感染为主。多见于中老年人，但年幼儿也可发生。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "军团菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中老年人"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
第五节 肺泡性蛋白沉积症 肺泡性蛋白沉积症（pulmonary alveolar proteinosis，PAP）以肺内有富含脂质的糖原染色阳性蛋白物质沉积并影响气体交换为特点。儿童PAP有两种类型： （一）先天性 PAP 常在出生后立即出现症状，并迅速出现呼吸衰竭，临床上与其他严重心肺疾病无法区别。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肺泡性蛋白沉积症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性 PAP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肺泡性蛋白沉积症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "pulmonary alveolar proteinosis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肺泡性蛋白沉积症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PAP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "pulmonary alveolar proteinosis",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "PAP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "先天性 PAP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "先天性 PAP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肺疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
白喉@呼吸道机械性梗阻和心肌炎是白喉相关死亡的最主要原因。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸道机械性梗阻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
溶血性贫血@### 流感嗜血杆菌 B 型感染 荚膜多糖与红细胞膜结合，感染患者产生针对此复合体的抗体。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流感嗜血杆菌 B 型感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
急性膀胱炎@某些 _大肠杆菌_ 表达能增强泌尿系致病性的细菌毒性因子。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大肠杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细菌毒性因子"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
脑炎@ _脑膜炎奈瑟菌_ 是脑膜脑炎的主要病原菌，严重影响＜1 岁的婴儿和＞65 岁的老年人。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑膜脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "脑膜脑炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "＞65 岁的老年人"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
已证实可表现为瑞氏综合征的遗传代谢病包括尿素循环障碍、某些亚型糖原累积病、原发性肉碱缺陷、遗传果糖不耐症、甲基丙二酸血症、3-羟-3-戊二酶血症及脂肪酸β氧化缺陷等。 【流行病学】 美国18岁以下人群发病率为0. 1/10万～0. 88/10万，部分地区发病率曾高达2. 4/10万～8. 4/10万。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "瑞氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "0. 1/10万～0. 88/10万"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "瑞氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "2. 4/10万～8. 4/10万"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "瑞氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿素循环障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "瑞氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "亚型糖原累积病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "瑞氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "原发性肉碱缺陷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "瑞氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗传果糖不耐症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "瑞氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲基丙二酸血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "瑞氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "3-羟-3-戊二酶血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "瑞氏综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脂肪酸β氧化缺陷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
(二）一般治疗 1.妊娠期高血压患者可在家或住院治疗，轻度子痫前期应住院评估决定是否院内治疗，重度子痫前期及子痫患者应住院治疗。 6.甲基多巴（methyldopa) 可兴奋血管运动中枢的α受体，抑制外周交感神经而降低血压，妊娠期使用效果较好。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "妊娠期高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲基多巴"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "重度子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "子痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "轻度子痫前期",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重度子痫前期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
早产儿动脉导管未闭的发病率极高。 少数未经治疗而存活的动脉导管粗大的患儿，由于肺血管阻力增加，将发生不可逆的肺血管病变。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "动脉导管未闭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺血管病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "动脉导管未闭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "早产儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
肾血管性高血压（renovascular hypertension，RVH）即为其中之一。 2.彩色多普勒超声检查 可通过二维超声图像了解双肾大小有无差异，如一侧肾动脉狭窄，患肾比健侧明显缩小。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肾血管性高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "彩色多普勒超声检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肾血管性高血压",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "renovascular hypertension"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "renovascular hypertension",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "RVH"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
骨性关节炎@## 一级预防 肥胖与膝关节骨性关节炎的进展有很强关联，肥胖患者应鼓励进行减肥。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肥胖",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "减肥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@ 需要进行重症监护治疗，以监控和治疗器官功能障碍。 胆囊炎@局部感染严重需要紧急行经皮胆囊引流（如经皮胆囊造口术置管），待患者病情改善2-3个月后可行胆囊切除术 进行胆囊造口术治疗的患者可在炎症临床上消退后，带管出院。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "经皮胆囊引流"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮胆囊造口术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊造口术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
溃疡性结肠炎@ 重度疾病经药物治疗稳定后，许多患者需要巯基嘌呤治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "巯基嘌呤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
一、肺动脉瓣狭窄 肺动脉瓣狭窄占所有右室流出道梗阻性病变的80%～90%。心脏多不增大，只有严重狭窄而有心力衰竭者方见心脏扩大；左侧胸骨旁可摸得右心室的抬举搏动。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肺动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏扩大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肺动脉瓣狭窄",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "右室流出道梗阻性病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
部分毛细支气管炎患儿日后可发生反复喘息发作,甚至发展为哮喘，机制尚不完全清楚。体格检查发现呼吸浅而快,60 ~ 80次/分,甚至100次/分，伴鼻翼扇动和三凹征;心率加快，可达150 - 200次/分。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心率加快，可达150 - 200次/分"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
（二）急诊处理 儿童NHL临床进展较快，应将之视作急诊，尽快完成各项检查明确诊断。对已明确诊断的肿瘤负荷较大的患儿，应尽早采用3～7天低强度化疗（如糖皮质激素和长春新碱），同时给予水化2000～3000ml/m2、5%碳酸氢钠5ml/kg碱化尿液、别嘌呤醇10mg/kg抑制过多的尿酸形成，维持水电解质酸碱平衡，避免肿瘤细胞溶解过快造成的肿瘤细胞溶解综合征。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "儿童NHL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "儿童NHL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "糖皮质激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "儿童NHL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "长春新碱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "儿童NHL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5%碳酸氢钠5ml/kg"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "儿童NHL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胞溶解综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "就诊科室",
"subject": "儿童NHL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急诊"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
广泛性焦虑障碍@检查 上消化道内镜可以检测是否存在消化道溃疡。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "消化道溃疡",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化道内镜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
乙型肝炎@结果 正常或增高 ### 新兴检查 ### 查看全部 ### 瞬时弹性成像 检查 结果 检查 此技术是基于超声进行肝硬度检测的、用于评估肝损伤的非侵入性检查。 乙型肝炎@结果 肝硬度增加 。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "瞬时弹性成像"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@[ 充血性心力衰竭 ](/topics/zh-cn/61) ### 支气管扩张症 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 儿童期可能有反复感染病史。慢性阻塞性肺疾病@听诊可闻及粗湿啰音。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "支气管扩张症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "粗湿啰音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管扩张症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
2.高脂血症： 主要在应用脂肪乳剂时剂量偏大或输注速度过快时发生，特别当患者存在严重感染、肝肾功能不全及有脂代谢失调时更易发生。临床特征为应用脂肪乳剂期间，患儿出现头痛、呕吐、贫血、血小板下降、凝血酶原时间延长、自发性出血、DIC及肝功能损害（表现为肝大、黄疸和血GPT升高）等，有作者称上述表现为脂肪超载综合征。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高脂血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高脂血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高脂血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高脂血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血小板下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高脂血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "凝血酶原时间延长"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高脂血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "自发性出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高脂血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "DIC及肝功能损害"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "高脂血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脂肪超载综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
痛风@一项随机对照试验显示，口服泼尼松龙和吲哚美辛用于治疗急诊科就诊患者的急性痛风时，其疗效和不良反应均相当。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泼尼松龙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吲哚美辛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
流行性感冒 由流感病毒引起，根据病毒内部的核苷酸和基质蛋白抗原性的不同分为A (甲）、B(乙）、C(丙)3型。主要症状为发热，体温可达39 -40°C ,多伴头痛、四肢肌肉酸痛，乏力，少部分出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻，儿童消化道症状多于成人。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流行性感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流行性感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体温可达39 -40°C"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流行性感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流行性感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "四肢肌肉酸痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流行性感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乏力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流行性感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流行性感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "流行性感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "流行性感冒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流感病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
基底细胞癌@色素性皮肤干燥症，基底细胞痣 (Gorlin-Goltz) 综合征，或移植（尤其是实体脏器）病史也会增加 BCC 的风险。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "基底细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "色素性皮肤干燥症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "基底细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "色素性皮肤干燥症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
③蛋白酶抑制剂：如茚地那韦（indinavirI，DV）及rifonavir等。 HIV感染/AIDS孕妇及新生儿应联合服用以下抗HIV药物，以降低母婴传播：①维乐命：对HIV阳性母亲给予以下处理：分娩开始时服1片（200mg）；新生儿：出生后24小时内（不得超过72小时），2mg/kg，口服。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HIV",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "茚地那韦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "茚地那韦",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "indinavirI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "茚地那韦",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "DV"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HIV",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维乐命"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
隐性脊柱裂大部分临床上无症状，大多是在X线检查中无意发现的，可见脊椎椎板缺损未闭合。皮肤外观正常，或在腰骶部等中线上有隐窝、色素斑、毛发增生或合并有脂肪瘤。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "隐性脊柱裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤外观正常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "隐性脊柱裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "色素斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "隐性脊柱裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "毛发增生"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "隐性脊柱裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脂肪瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "隐性脊柱裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X线检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "隐性脊柱裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脊椎椎板缺损未闭合"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
多发性骨髓瘤@一种以骨髓内浆细胞克隆性增殖为特征的血液系统癌症，往往与血清及/或尿液中的单克隆成分有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血液系统癌症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "多发性骨髓瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
前列腺癌@或 [ 托瑞米芬 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 20mg口服，每日一次。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "前列腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "托瑞米芬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
急性膀胱炎@一线治疗是为期 7-14 天的氟喹诺酮类抗生素；在喹诺酮类药物过敏的情况下，头孢泊肟是合适的首选。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氟喹诺酮类"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喹诺酮类"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "急性膀胱炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头孢泊肟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
狂犬病@### 吞咽困难 出现在41%的患者中。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吞咽困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
胆囊炎@### 急性胆囊炎的严重程度评估标准 轻度（I 级） * 对于无器官功能障碍和胆囊轻度炎症变化的健康患者，胆囊切除术是一项安全和低风险的手术。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "胆囊炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆囊切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
NB时血LDH可升高，并与肿瘤负荷成正比。可用荧光原位杂交法（FISH）检测肿瘤细胞N-MYC的扩增情况，如大于10倍，常提示预后不良。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "NB",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "荧光原位杂交法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预后状况",
"subject": "NB",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "预后不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "荧光原位杂交法",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "FISH"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
非小细胞肺癌@### 达拉非尼 (Dabrafenib) 和曲美替尼 达拉非尼是一种 BRAF 相关激酶（通过体细胞 BRAF V600E 突变从结构上激活）的强效酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "达拉非尼"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "非小细胞肺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "曲美替尼"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "达拉非尼",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "Dabrafenib"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
假丝酵母菌病（candidiasis)是由假丝酵母菌属引起的皮肤、黏膜、脏器的急性、亚急性或慢性炎症，少数可引发脓毒症。 【临床表现】 皮肤黏膜型 好发于新生儿和小婴儿,尤其是肥胖多汗者。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肥胖多汗者"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤黏膜型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "candidiasis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "假丝酵母菌属"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脏器"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脓毒症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮肤、黏膜、脏器"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脓毒症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黏膜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "皮肤黏膜型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "皮肤黏膜型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小婴儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "皮肤黏膜型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肥胖多汗者"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
急性髓性白血病@由于 DIC，凝血检查中的 PT、PTT 和 D-二聚体可能均被延长，纤维蛋白原则可能减少。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "凝血检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@[ 急性胆囊炎 ](/topics/zh-cn/78) ### Boerhaave综合征 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 病因是合并纵隔炎的食管破裂。非ST段抬高型心肌梗死@食管X线片可能显示食管撕裂。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "Boerhaave综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食管X线片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Boerhaave综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "Boerhaave综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "合并纵隔炎的食管破裂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 中枢神经系统肿瘤的发病机制及其临床表现，具有缓慢进行性加重的特征。在婴幼儿期多表现激惹、食欲下降、生长发育延迟甚至退步、头围异常增大、骨缝分离及两眼太阳落山征。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢神经系统肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "激惹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢神经系统肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食欲下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢神经系统肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长发育延迟甚至退步"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢神经系统肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头围异常增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢神经系统肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨缝分离"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中枢神经系统肿瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "两眼太阳落山征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@尽管日光性角化向侵袭性鳞状细胞癌转化的几率还不完全清楚，但是粗略估计大约是每皮损每年0.025%到16%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（转化）",
"subject": "日光性角化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "侵袭性鳞状细胞癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
登革热@### 其他诊断因素 ### 常见 查看全部 ### 胃肠道症状 可有厌食，恶心/呕吐，上腹部不适/疼痛，食欲不振，和/或存在味觉改变。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃肠道症状"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "厌食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食欲不振"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "登革热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "味觉改变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
尘肺@此类疾病主要包括： * 石棉肺 * 矽肺 * 煤工尘肺（黑肺病） * 慢性铍肺。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "石棉肺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "矽肺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "煤工尘肺（黑肺病）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "尘肺",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性铍肺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
表4-9 维生素D缺乏性佝偻病各期的血液生化学检查及X线检查 【治疗】 （一）一般治疗 坚持母乳喂养，及时添加含维生素D较多的食品（肝、蛋黄等），多到户外活动，增加日光直接照射的机会。 （三）补充钙剂 维生素D治疗期间应同时服用钙剂。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "补充钙剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "补充钙剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "一般治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "坚持母乳喂养"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多到户外活动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
机会感染（隐球菌病和曲菌病）和恶性肿瘤（Kaposi肉瘤）均可引起儿童和成人AIDS的心脏疾患。 （1）筛选试验： 采用ELISA或免疫荧光试验检查血清HIV抗体，阳性者应做验证试验，以排除假阳性反应。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "AIDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ELISA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "AIDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫荧光试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
6.中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA） Muderl等人（1997年）报告JRA病人血清中抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）检测阳性率达35%，其中多关节炎型44%阳性，少关节炎型36%阳性，全身发病型仅16%阳性。研究发现抗Sa抗体与RF、RA3、SSA、SSB、RNP、Sm、Jo-1及Scl-70等多种自身抗体无交叉反应性，Sa抗体对JIA的诊断价值罕见报告。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中性粒细胞胞浆抗体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "中性粒细胞胞浆抗体",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "ANCA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗Sa抗体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
登革热@ ### 心肌炎 | 存在差异 | 中 过度的或不寻常的疲劳，胸部不适，缺氧，心动过速或心动过缓，心电图改变，包括T波倒置或束支阻滞者应考虑心肌炎 肌钙蛋白T或I评价和超声心动图来评估疾病严重程度。登革热@建议卧床休息，以及氧疗。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "卧床休息"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氧疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "过度的或不寻常的疲劳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部不适"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心动过速或心动过缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
肥厚型心肌病@### 心脏MRI 检查 结果 检查 如果疑似 HCM 患者的左心室壁或左室心尖部的超声心动图显示不清，则心脏 MRI 可提高诊断率。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "HCM",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心脏 MRI"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
类风湿关节炎@大剂量皮质类固醇可用于有严重关节外受累（如血管炎或眼部受累）的患者。类风湿关节炎@一项随机、安慰剂对照研究表明，口服泼尼松龙的缓释剂型作为 DMARD 辅助用药可快速改善 RA 症状和体征，因此，该种药物对 RA 治疗可能有一定作用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泼尼松龙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "DMARD"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节外"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "转移部位",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
口腔黏膜炎@如果患者实测体温＞38.3°C(101°F)，或≥38°C(100.4°F)持续1小时，应快速评估是否为中性粒细胞减少性发热，同时进行血培养，以便及时进行抗生素治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "中性粒细胞减少性发热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血培养"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "中性粒细胞减少性发热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@静脉制剂包括依地酸钙钠和二巯基丙醇，口服制剂有琥巯酸和青霉胺。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "琥巯酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青霉胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【特殊部位肿瘤的治疗及结果】 （一）头颈部 随着综合治疗的应用，原发于头颈部的横纹肌肉瘤手术范围及创伤明显减小。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "横纹肌肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头颈部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
（三）免疫抑制剂 对于Ⅳ～Ⅵ级HSPN，使用皮质激素的同时应给予环磷酰胺（CTX）治疗，可改善预后，具体疗法参见本章第四节。 （四）抗血小板制剂 长期口服双嘧达莫（dipyridamole，潘生丁，persantin）5～8mg/（kg•d），分2～3次口服，对预防和治疗HSPN有一定疗效。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗血小板制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双嘧达莫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "潘生丁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环磷酰胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "HSPN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CTX"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "双嘧达莫",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "潘生丁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
【实验室检査】 外周血象 血小板计数<100x109/L,出血轻重与血小板数多少有关，血小板<50x109/L时可见自发性出血,<20x109/L时出血明显，<10x109/L时出血严重。 血小板抗体测定 主要是PAIgG增高,但PAIgG增高并非ITP的特异性改变,其他免疫性疾病亦可增高。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "ITP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外周血象"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "ITP",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血小板抗体测定"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
十二、腺泡型软组织肉瘤 腺泡型软组织肉瘤（alveolar soft part sarcoma）是一临床-病理实体，小儿少见，多见于15岁左右的青少年，女性多于男性。术后化疗、放疗联合应用。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "放射治疗",
"subject": "腺泡型软组织肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "放疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "腺泡型软组织肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "腺泡型软组织肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "alveolar soft part sarcoma"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "腺泡型软组织肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小儿少见"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "腺泡型软组织肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多见于15岁左右的青少年"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "腺泡型软组织肉瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "女性多于男性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
乙型肝炎@但是，一部分急性感染者可能会发生肝衰竭，这些患者可能需要转诊至肝移植中心。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "乙型肝炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
国内流行病学的调查资料表明，在工业区内，儿童青少年铅中毒（lead poisoning）的流行率较高，约85%；即使在没有明显污染的普通市区，儿童的血铅水平也在临界值，这一现象值得引起人们的关注。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "85%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
中耳炎@ 这些标准反映了一个比其他指导原则更严格的方法，在这些指导原则中，只要存在中耳渗液即可足以诊断病情。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "中耳炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中耳渗液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@[ 急性胰腺炎 ](/topics/zh-cn/66) ### 非溃疡性消化不良（功能性消化不良） 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 消化不良是指以上腹部为中心的不适，通常和进食有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "非溃疡性消化不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "功能性消化不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非溃疡性消化不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
真菌性脑膜炎@脑积水是球孢子菌性脑膜炎常见的早期表现及并发症。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "脑积水",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "球孢子菌性脑膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
新生儿黄疸@### 小胎龄 随着胎龄减小，黄疸的风险升高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "新生儿黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小胎龄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 肠套叠可致腹部绞痛，表现为原先安静的患儿突然出现明显烦躁不适，可有全身强直，双腿向腹部屈曲，表情痛苦，症状突发突止；无法表达的小婴儿则出现阵发性哭吵，发作间隙表现正常或安静入睡。随着病情进展，腹痛间歇可出现淡漠、嗜睡。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠套叠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠套叠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淡漠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠套叠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "嗜睡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠套叠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部绞痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠套叠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "明显烦躁不适"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠套叠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全身强直"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠套叠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双腿向腹部屈曲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠套叠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "表情痛苦"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠套叠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "突发突止"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肠套叠",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阵发性哭吵"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
五、其他革兰阴性杆菌肺炎 常见的革兰阴性杆菌包括大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌等。主要见于新生儿和小婴儿，常有以下诱因：①广谱抗生素的大量应用或联合应用；②医源性因素如气管插管、血管插管、人工呼吸机等的应用；③先天性或获得性免疫功能缺陷，如营养不良、白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、长期使用皮质激素或免疫抑制剂等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿和小婴儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "革兰阴性杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大肠埃希菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "铜绿假单胞菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
HIV 感染@结果 阳性 ### 血清蛋白免疫印迹法 检查 结果 检查 价格昂贵，所以常用作对 ELISA 或快速检测阳性结果的确认。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "HIV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清蛋白免疫印迹法"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
高血压急症@非诺多泮为外周多巴胺 -1- 受体激动剂，可扩张动脉。 高血压急症@SBP ＞220 mmHg 或 DBP 121 至 140 mmHg – 首选 – 拉贝洛尔 #### 第一选择 [ 拉贝洛尔 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 根据治疗反应，每 10 min 静注 20 mg，总剂量上限 300 mg，或 0.5 至 2 mg/min 静脉输注。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "高血压急症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "拉贝洛尔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
慢性肾病@应监测25-二羟维生素D水平，若<30ng/L则应给予麦角骨化醇（维生素D2）或胆骨化醇（维生素D3）治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "监测25-二羟维生素D水平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "麦角骨化醇（维生素D2）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胆骨化醇（维生素D3）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
痔@出血有时可为过量或大量，或可为症状性贫血的原因，尤其是患者服用抗凝药物时。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "症状性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
【病理】 RS的病理改变主要表现在脑和肝脏。电镜下可见弥漫性神经元线粒体肿胀。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "RS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "神经元线粒体肿胀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "RS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "RS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
3.黏多糖病Ⅱ型（Hunter综合征） 临床重型与黏多糖I-H型相似，在2～6岁起病，有特殊面容和骨骼畸形，但脊椎无鸟嘴样畸形。患者智能落后，呈进行性耳聋，可发生充血性心力衰竭，肝脾肿大。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "黏多糖病Ⅱ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "智能落后"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "黏多糖病Ⅱ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "进行性耳聋"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "黏多糖病Ⅱ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "充血性心力衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "黏多糖病Ⅱ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脾肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "黏多糖病Ⅱ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Hunter综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "黏多糖病Ⅱ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "特殊面容"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "黏多糖病Ⅱ型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "骨骼畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
溶血性贫血@应由临床评估得出的疑似诊断指导特异性病因的后续测试： * 免疫性溶血性贫血的直接抗球蛋白 (Coombs) 试验呈阳性。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "免疫性溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "直接抗球蛋白 (Coombs) 试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
小儿AIDS 流行病学史:同无症状HIV感染。 表7-5 AIDS患儿CD4+细胞计数和CD4+T细胞百分率与免疫状况分类 【治疗】 1.抗反转录病毒治疗的指征最近对HIV感染发病机制的了解和新的抗反转录病毒药物的出 现，使HIV感染治疗已发生很大变化。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿AIDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗反转录病毒治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（四）血气分析和电解质检查 新生儿腹泻易发生酸中毒和电解质紊乱，应及时做血气分析和电解质检查，做到及时治疗。 【预防】 新生儿流行性腹泻的预防主要是消毒隔离和治疗患者，以切断感染源。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血气分析"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "电解质检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消毒隔离"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "治疗患者"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "新生儿流行性腹泻",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "切断感染源"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
临床研究亦显示产前给予糖皮质激素和出生后给予肺表面活性物质可以产生增强效果，更有利于预防RDS。 3.气道插管和呼吸机治疗 应用指征一般考虑经头罩或CPAP治疗6～12小时以上病情无改善，且继续加重，可以考虑气道插管和机械通气。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "RDS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气道插管和呼吸机治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
缺血性卒中@少量到中等量酒精摄入可能可以预防缺血性卒中。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "缺血性卒中",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "少量到中等量酒精摄入"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
病毒性脑膜炎@## 并发症 ### 查看全部 并发症 table 并发症 | 时间表 | 可能性 ---|---|--- ### 持久性头痛和不适感 | 短期 | 中 头痛和不适感可能持续长达 3 周。 病毒性脑膜炎@[ 急性头痛的评估 ](/topics/zh-cn/9) ### 婴儿的神经发育缺陷 | 长期 | 低 极少发生，但有肠病毒性脑膜炎后出现神经发育缺陷的记录。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不适感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "病毒性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "持久性头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
另一种伴黄疸的代谢性疾病是α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏，其临床表现与传统的新生儿肝炎和巨细胞病毒肝炎相似。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "黄疸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿肝炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "巨细胞病毒肝炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
产后抑郁症@重度 – 第二 – CBT或人际心理治疗（IPT） #### 第一选择 [ 舍曲林 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 口服25~200mg，每日1次 或 [ 帕罗西汀 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 口服10~50mg（常释型），每日1次 如果单用心理治疗或药物治疗无效或疗效不显著，应考虑联合抗抑郁剂和认知行为治疗（CBT）或人际心理治疗（IPT）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "人际心理治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CBT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "舍曲林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "帕罗西汀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@### 脑膜炎的症状 包括头痛、畏光或者颈部疼痛或僵硬。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "畏光"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颈部疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "僵硬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
因此，在遇到急性中毒时，家长应尽可能提供毒物；另外，即使对于可疑中毒者，亦应及早给予治疗处理，争取抢救时间，避免中毒进一步加重，降低和减少病死率及后遗症。 6.植物性毒物 野蕈类、乌头、白果等。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "植物性毒物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "野蕈类"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乌头"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "急性中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白果等"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
心肌炎@### 罕见 查看全部 ### 药物及毒素 已知的诱因药物和毒素包括蒽环类药物、砷、一氧化碳、乙醇、铁剂、白介素-2、可卡因、天花疫苗接种、儿茶酚胺类（例如肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺）、环磷酰胺、重金属（铜、铁、铅）、抗生素（青霉素、头孢菌素、磺胺类、两性霉素B）、噻嗪利尿剂、抗癫痫药（卡马西平、苯妥英、苯巴比妥）、地高辛、锂、阿米替林、多巴酚丁胺和蛇咬伤。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "药物及毒素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蒽环类药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "砷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "一氧化碳"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "乙醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "铁剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白介素-2"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "儿茶酚胺类"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "天花疫苗接种"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗癫痫药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "卡马西平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯巴比妥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蛇咬伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多巴酚丁胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "锂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿米替林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@因此，新生儿可能会出现癫痫发作、颈项强直、囟门膨胀或克尼格氏征或布鲁金斯基氏征。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "癫痫发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颈项强直"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "囟门膨胀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "克尼格氏征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "布鲁金斯基氏征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
白内障@这些人工晶状体被称为多焦点（假调节）IOL 或调节性 IOL。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多焦点（假调节）IOL"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 尿崩症患者男性多于女性。长期多饮多尿可导致生长障碍、肾盂积水及输尿管扩张，甚至出现肾功能不全。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾盂积水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "输尿管扩张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾功能不全"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "尿崩症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
白喉@ * 确诊白喉的密切接触患者，如果曾接种疫苗但在过去 5 年里未接种加强疫苗，应立即接种一剂加强疫苗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "加强疫苗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
磨牙症@传统上，牙齿咬合和压力是清醒态磨牙症的主要危险因素，但是咬合接触模式（过度接触、错合）对在磨牙症产生是否有影响尚不清楚，尤其是咬合干扰的实验研究中并未发现颌肌活动的增加。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "风险评估因素",
"subject": "磨牙症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "压力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |