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q1052_4

The heat of fusion is the amount of heat that must be added to a substance for this process to occur without a change in temperature. Salt is placed on roads to favor this process over its opposite. At atmospheric pressure, ice undergoes this process at zero degrees Celsius. For 10 points, name this conversion from solids into liquids, whose opposite is freezing.

q1052

The heat of fusion is the amount of heat that must be added to a substance for this process to occur without a change in temperature. Salt is placed on roads to favor this process over its opposite. At atmospheric pressure, ice undergoes this process at zero degrees Celsius. For 10 points, name this conversion from solids into liquids, whose opposite is freezing.

melting

q2189_4

Notable writers in this form included Guy de Maupassant, and it also makes up the book Dubliners by James Joyce. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle" are examples of this form by Washington Irving. Edgar Allen Poe said one of these should be able to be read in a (*) single sitting. "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Ransom of Red Chief" are examples by O. Henry of, for 10 points, what small form of fiction?

q2189

Notable writers in this form included Guy de Maupassant, and it also makes up the book Dubliners by James Joyce. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle" are examples of this form by Washington Irving. Edgar Allen Poe said one of these should be able to be read in a (*) single sitting. "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Ransom of Red Chief" are examples by O. Henry of, for 10 points, what small form of fiction?

short story

q1335_1

Homer claimed that this place never has storms and is bound in aether.

q1335

Homer claimed that this place never has storms and is bound in aether. One goddess associated with this location is Hebe, who serves its residents nectar and ambrosia. Bellerophon (bell-AIR-oh-fahn) tried to fly to this location after slaying the Chimera, but Zeus sent a gadfly to sting Pegasus and Bellerophon fell off. For 10 points, identify this location in Greek myth, the home of Poseidon, Hera, and Zeus.

Mount Olympus

q1903_2

The protagonist of this story is attacked with fire tongs shortly after a farmer rescues him from a freezing lake. This story ends with the main character meeting a group of children and swimming in a garden after being surprised by his reflection.

q1903

The protagonist of this story is attacked with fire tongs shortly after a farmer rescues him from a freezing lake. This story ends with the main character meeting a group of children and swimming in a garden after being surprised by his reflection. A bird is rejected for being too big and for looking like a turkey in, for 10 points, what Hans Christian Andersen story about a character who grows up to become a swan?

"The Ugly Duckling"

q1563_1

In this author's first Pulitzer Prize-winning work, the Generalissimo orders the execution of Corporal Zsettslani (“SET-slah-nee”). His second Pulitzer-winning novel revolves around Lucius Priest, a resident of Yoknapatawpha (“YOCK-NAH-puh-TAH-fuh”) County.

q1563

In this author's first Pulitzer Prize-winning work, the Generalissimo orders the execution of Corporal Zsettslani (“SET-slah-nee”). His second Pulitzer-winning novel revolves around Lucius Priest, a resident of Yoknapatawpha (“YOCK-NAH-puh-TAH-fuh”) County. This author wrote novels about Thomas Sutpen and about the death of Addie Bundren. For 10 points, name this American author of Absalom! Absalom!, As I Lay Dying, and The Sound and the Fury.

William {Faulkner}

q794_4

One story in this book involves a man who marries a daughter of Jethro; that man's mother is Jochebed (JOE-keh-bed) and his sister is Miriam. This book begins with the death of Joseph and sees a ruler declare that all newborn Jewish babies must be drowned in the Nile. In this book, Aaron and Moses ask the pharaoh to "let my people go." For 10 points, the Jews' flight from Egypt is detailed in what second book of the Bible?

q794

One story in this book involves a man who marries a daughter of Jethro; that man's mother is Jochebed (JOE-keh-bed) and his sister is Miriam. This book begins with the death of Joseph and sees a ruler declare that all newborn Jewish babies must be drowned in the Nile. In this book, Aaron and Moses ask the pharaoh to "let my people go." For 10 points, the Jews' flight from Egypt is detailed in what second book of the Bible?

Book of {Exodus} [accept {Shemot} and {Names}]

q1025_3

A self-help book by Spencer Johnson asks “Who Moved?” this object. The main character of the title “Fairly Stupid Tale” in a collection by Jon Scieszka (“SHEESH-kuh”) is a man made of a “stinky” kind of this food. In “The Farmer and the Dell,” it stands alone.

q1025

A self-help book by Spencer Johnson asks “Who Moved?” this object. The main character of the title “Fairly Stupid Tale” in a collection by Jon Scieszka (“SHEESH-kuh”) is a man made of a “stinky” kind of this food. In “The Farmer and the Dell,” it stands alone. The moon is not actually made of a green version of it. For 10 points, name this dairy product that comes in provolone and Swiss varieties.

{cheese} [accept {Who Moved My Cheese?} before “this object”]

q1846_1

This term denotes any algebraic expression written as the quotient of two polynomials.

q1846

This term denotes any algebraic expression written as the quotient of two polynomials. If the discriminant of a quadratic equation is a perfect square, then both roots of that equation are of this type. All numbers denoted by this term are algebraic. For 10 points, give this term that denotes any number that can be written as a over b, where a and b are integers.

rational

q1830_2

This novel's main character expresses lament that his dad says everything is "fine." It depicts a ritual in which a boy must draw from a box containing five white marbles and one black one.

q1830

This novel's main character expresses lament that his dad says everything is "fine." It depicts a ritual in which a boy must draw from a box containing five white marbles and one black one. Emile Janza calls this book's main character "a fairy" and "a queer" in response to that character's attempted defiance of the Vigils. For 10 points, name this Robert Cormier book about Jerry Renault's refusal to sell the title sweet.

The Chocolate War

q858_1

One leader of this country organized the Blue Division, and this was led by Miguel Primo de Rivera and Juan Negrin.

q858

One leader of this country organized the Blue Division, and this was led by Miguel Primo de Rivera and Juan Negrin. The Abraham Lincoln Brigades and the Condor Legion fought in this country. A civil war in this country saw the Carlists side the with the Phalange, and one leader of this country suppressed minority languages like Galician and (*) Basque. For 10 points, name this Iberian country long led by Francisco Franco.

Kingdom of {Spain} [or {Republic} of {Spain} or {España}]

q380_2

This "autonomous region" southwest of Qinghai (CHING-high) province is bounded on the north by the Kunlun (KOON-LOON) mountains. Monasteries of the Yellow Hat sect are a sign of Buddhist religious practice in this region north of the Himalayas.

q380

This "autonomous region" southwest of Qinghai (CHING-high) province is bounded on the north by the Kunlun (KOON-LOON) mountains. Monasteries of the Yellow Hat sect are a sign of Buddhist religious practice in this region north of the Himalayas. In 1959 its spiritual leader, the fourteenth Dalai Lama, took refuge in India. For 10 points, what Asian plateau region is the target of calls to "free" it from Chinese rule?

Tibet

q12758_2

At the bottom right of this painting, a girl steps on a dog, while a nun stands next to a servant. In the back, a figure is shown pausing on the stairs and looking at the central group.

q12758

At the bottom right of this painting, a girl steps on a dog, while a nun stands next to a servant. In the back, a figure is shown pausing on the stairs and looking at the central group. The king and the queen can be seen in a mirror, and the painter himself is shown holding a paint brush. For 10 points, identify this painting of the Spanish court in which maids surround the Infant Margarita, by Diego Velazquez.

{Las Meninas} [accept The {Maids} of {Honor}]

q2643_3

This man was traded by the Reds for Edinson Volquez after his rookie season. In July 2011, Shannon Stone fell to his death while reaching for a ball that this player threw into the stands of Rangers Ballpark. The 2010 American League MVP was for 10 points, what left-handed hitting outfielder for the Texas Rangers who hit a go-ahead homer in the top of the 10th inning of game 6 in the 2011 World Series?

q2643

This man was traded by the Reds for Edinson Volquez after his rookie season. In July 2011, Shannon Stone fell to his death while reaching for a ball that this player threw into the stands of Rangers Ballpark. The 2010 American League MVP was for 10 points, what left-handed hitting outfielder for the Texas Rangers who hit a go-ahead homer in the top of the 10th inning of game 6 in the 2011 World Series?

Josh Hamilton

q1719_3

In this state in 2013, researchers announced that they had cured a two-year-old girl of HIV. Marco McMillan, one of its towns' mayoral candidates who was openly homosexual, was found murdered in February 2013. Also in 2013, this state finally (*) ratified the 13th Amendment banning slavery.

q1719

In this state in 2013, researchers announced that they had cured a two-year-old girl of HIV. Marco McMillan, one of its towns' mayoral candidates who was openly homosexual, was found murdered in February 2013. Also in 2013, this state finally (*) ratified the 13th Amendment banning slavery. For 10 points, name this state with military bases at Gulfport and Biloxi whose capital is Jackson.

Mississippi

q3863_2

By definition, this type of object does not clear the neighborhood around its orbit. Haumea (how- MAY-uh), found in 2003, and Makemake (MAH-keh-MAH-keh), found in 2005, are two examples found in the Kuiper (KYE-per) Belt.

q3863

By definition, this type of object does not clear the neighborhood around its orbit. Haumea (how- MAY-uh), found in 2003, and Makemake (MAH-keh-MAH-keh), found in 2005, are two examples found in the Kuiper (KYE-per) Belt. An object similar to those two was "downgraded" to this status in 2006. For 10 points, Eris and, since 2006, Pluto are what type of celestial body that is smaller than a true planet?

dwarf planet [accept dwarf after "planet" is read but prompt before; do not accept "planet" by itself]

q1853_2

This element's allotropes include nanotubes and fullerenes. Another allotrope of this element consists of thin hexagonal sheets and is known as graphite.

q1853

This element's allotropes include nanotubes and fullerenes. Another allotrope of this element consists of thin hexagonal sheets and is known as graphite. This element is bound to four hydrogen atoms in methane. For 10 points, name this element that makes up diamonds, which has atomic number six and symbol C.

{carbon} [or {C} before given]

q1100_3

Great White Spots are frequent storms on this planet. Its moons include Iapetus, Rhea, Enceladus, and the only known one to have an atmosphere. This planet is less dense than water.

q1100

Great White Spots are frequent storms on this planet. Its moons include Iapetus, Rhea, Enceladus, and the only known one to have an atmosphere. This planet is less dense than water. The Cassini Division is located in its extensive ring system. For 10 points, name this second largest planet in the solar system, the sixth from the Sun.

Saturn

q215_1

The northern part of this park contains the Hetch Hetchy Valley, which was controversially dammed against the advice of John Muir.

q215

The northern part of this park contains the Hetch Hetchy Valley, which was controversially dammed against the advice of John Muir. Ansel Adams took black-and-white photographs of this park, including one of the moon over the granite formation called Half Dome. A waterfall that feeds the Merced River shares its name with, for 10 points, what national park in the Sierra Nevada of California?

Yosemite National Park

q1384_3

This man sits between Liberty and Victory in a fresco by Constantino Brumidi on the inside of the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. The iconic portrait of this man was painted by Gilbert Stuart. In a painting by Emmanuel Leutze, he faces left and holds his hand over his heart as he stands up on a boat.

q1384

This man sits between Liberty and Victory in a fresco by Constantino Brumidi on the inside of the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. The iconic portrait of this man was painted by Gilbert Stuart. In a painting by Emmanuel Leutze, he faces left and holds his hand over his heart as he stands up on a boat. For 10 points, name this U.S. President painted crossing the Delaware River, whose portrait appears on the one dollar bill.

George Washington

q5073_4

This compound is converted to Vitamin D in the presence of ultraviolet-B light. It is carried in the blood by lipoproteins (“LIPE-oh-PRO-teens”), with the “good” kind carried by high-density ones. The “bad” kind, carried by LDLs, can build up on arteries to form plaques. For 10 points, 300 milligrams per day is the recommended dietary allowance of what waxy substance, high levels of which place an individual at greater risk for heart disease?

q5073

This compound is converted to Vitamin D in the presence of ultraviolet-B light. It is carried in the blood by lipoproteins (“LIPE-oh-PRO-teens”), with the “good” kind carried by high-density ones. The “bad” kind, carried by LDLs, can build up on arteries to form plaques. For 10 points, 300 milligrams per day is the recommended dietary allowance of what waxy substance, high levels of which place an individual at greater risk for heart disease?

{cholesterol}

q4148_2

One event in this country's history was a series of attacks on civilians and foreigners by the Videla Regime known as the Dirty War. Mossad carried out an operation to capture Adolf Eichmann (ike-MON) in this country.

q4148

One event in this country's history was a series of attacks on civilians and foreigners by the Videla Regime known as the Dirty War. Mossad carried out an operation to capture Adolf Eichmann (ike-MON) in this country. This country fought a war against Great Britain for control of the Falkland Islands. For 10 points, identify this country whose former leaders include Nestor Kirchner (kirk-NUR) and Juan Peron.

Republica {Argentina} [or {Argentine Republic}]

q1794_3

The only people allowed to touch this object are members of its awarding organization's executive committee, current heads of state and previous winners of it. The current version of it was first awarded in 1974 after its predecessor, the Jules Rimet Trophy, was permanently given in 1970 to the first team to win it three times, (*) Brazil. For 10 points, name this ten-pound solid gold trophy that will next be awarded in Rio de Janeiro on July 7, 2014. to an international soccer team.

q1794

The only people allowed to touch this object are members of its awarding organization's executive committee, current heads of state and previous winners of it. The current version of it was first awarded in 1974 after its predecessor, the Jules Rimet Trophy, was permanently given in 1970 to the first team to win it three times, (*) Brazil. For 10 points, name this ten-pound solid gold trophy that will next be awarded in Rio de Janeiro on July 7, 2014. to an international soccer team.

{FIFA World Cup} [do not accept \"Jules Rimet Trophy\"]

q3312_1

This event was orchestrated by Isoroku Yamamoto in an attempt to prevent American interference in the Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies.

q3312

This event was orchestrated by Isoroku Yamamoto in an attempt to prevent American interference in the Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies. The date on which it occurred "will live in infamy," according to a Franklin Roosevelt speech. The U.S.S. Arizona Memorial is dedicated to over 1,100 Americans killed in this event. For 10 points, identify this December 7, 1941 attack on a United States naval base in Hawaii.

the attack on {Pearl Harbor} [accept logical equivalents]

q1488_1

This ruler was forced to wait eight months to begin a campaign for the throne he contested with the King of Norway, Harald Hardrada (hard-RAH-dah), whose own campaign ended unsuccessfully at Stamford Bridge.

q1488

This ruler was forced to wait eight months to begin a campaign for the throne he contested with the King of Norway, Harald Hardrada (hard-RAH-dah), whose own campaign ended unsuccessfully at Stamford Bridge. This man feigned his death in order to trick Harold Godwinson into defeat at the Battle of Hastings. For 10 points, name this Norman ruler whose achievements were chronicled on the Bayeux Tapestry.

{William I} of England [or {William} the {Conqueror;} or {William} the {Bastard;} or {William II} of {Normandy;} or {Guillaume} le {Conquérant;} prompt on {William} of {Normandy}]

q220_4

This constellation's alpha star is the brightest in the Hyades ("HIGH"-uh-deez) cluster. One object in this constellation is the remnant of a supernova observed in 1054 AD. In addition to the Crab Nebula, this constellation also contains the Pleiades (PLEE-uh-deez). Its beta star, Al Nath, is found next to Auriga, while its alpha star is Aldebaran (all-DEB-uh-ron).

q220

This constellation's alpha star is the brightest in the Hyades ("HIGH"-uh-deez) cluster. One object in this constellation is the remnant of a supernova observed in 1054 AD. In addition to the Crab Nebula, this constellation also contains the Pleiades (PLEE-uh-deez). Its beta star, Al Nath, is found next to Auriga, while its alpha star is Aldebaran (all-DEB-uh-ron). For 10 points, name this constellation that depicts a bull.

{Taurus}

q117_4

This state was the site of an indecisive battle between Henry Clinton and George Washington at Monmouth Courthouse. The Pine Barrens are found in the south-central part of this state, whose beach destinations include Cape May, Wildwood, and Atlantic City. The Delaware River forms this state's western border with Pennsylvania. For 10 points, what mid-Atlantic state has its capital at Trenton?

q117

This state was the site of an indecisive battle between Henry Clinton and George Washington at Monmouth Courthouse. The Pine Barrens are found in the south-central part of this state, whose beach destinations include Cape May, Wildwood, and Atlantic City. The Delaware River forms this state's western border with Pennsylvania. For 10 points, what mid-Atlantic state has its capital at Trenton?

New Jersey

q436_5

This team won the NFL championship in 1957, but is the only NFC team to never play in a Super Bowl since the start of the Super Bowl era. Former stars for this team are Doak Walker, Billy Sims, and Barry Sanders. Its current quarterback is Matt Stafford. In 2008 it became the first team to lose all sixteen regular season games. For 10 points, name this team that plays in the NFC North with the Packers, Vikings, and Bears.

q436

This team won the NFL championship in 1957, but is the only NFC team to never play in a Super Bowl since the start of the Super Bowl era. Former stars for this team are Doak Walker, Billy Sims, and Barry Sanders. Its current quarterback is Matt Stafford. In 2008 it became the first team to lose all sixteen regular season games. For 10 points, name this team that plays in the NFC North with the Packers, Vikings, and Bears.

Detroit {Lions} [or Detroit Lions]

q4850_4

This figure's birth was engineered by Sir Pelles (“PELL-us”), his grandfather. A descendant of Joseph of Arimathea (“AIR-uh-muh-THEE-uh”), this youngest of the Knights of the Round Table died after taking a fated trip to Jerusalem, while accompanied by Sirs Bors and Percival. He is the only figure who is allowed to sit in the Siege Perilous, due to his destiny. The son of Sir Lancelot was, for 10 points, what Arthurian figure who found the Holy Grail?

q4850

This figure's birth was engineered by Sir Pelles (“PELL-us”), his grandfather. A descendant of Joseph of Arimathea (“AIR-uh-muh-THEE-uh”), this youngest of the Knights of the Round Table died after taking a fated trip to Jerusalem, while accompanied by Sirs Bors and Percival. He is the only figure who is allowed to sit in the Siege Perilous, due to his destiny. The son of Sir Lancelot was, for 10 points, what Arthurian figure who found the Holy Grail?

Sir {Galahad}

q492_1

Darwin's first paper was on the formation of this biome, whose organisms are threatened by white-band disease.

q492

Darwin's first paper was on the formation of this biome, whose organisms are threatened by white-band disease. Acidification removes the minerals needed for this ecosystem to grow as each new generation builds on the calcium carbonate skeletons of the previous one. Constructed by tiny relatives of (*) jellyfish, about 10% of these have been bleached by global warming. For 10 points, name this most diverse aquatic ecosystem that includes the Great Barrier one.

{coral reefs} [prompt on \"reef(s)\"]

q1193_2

William Hale Thompson was mayor of this city where the death of Mathias J. Degan led to the execution of August Spies. In addition to that event near the McCormick factory, an event in this city saw Pigasus the Pig nominated for President by people like Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman.

q1193

William Hale Thompson was mayor of this city where the death of Mathias J. Degan led to the execution of August Spies. In addition to that event near the McCormick factory, an event in this city saw Pigasus the Pig nominated for President by people like Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman. This city was the site of the Haymarket Square Riot and the 1968 Democratic National Convention. (*) For 10 points, name this Illinois city governed by two mayors named Daley and currently by Rahm Emanuel.

Chicago, Illinois

q605_1

He published a then-controversial theory in "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres," whose preface included a dedication to Pope Paul III so as to deflect controversy.

q605

He published a then-controversial theory in "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres," whose preface included a dedication to Pope Paul III so as to deflect controversy. In critiquing an opposing theory, he criticized the separate treatment of each planet, as had been done by Ptolemy (TAHL-eh-mee). For 10 points, name the astronomer who first proved the theory of heliocentrism (HEE-lee-oh-SEN-trizzuhm), a Polish scientist.

Nicolaus Copernicus

q19_2

This state suffered the Good Friday Earthquake, and it is the only state divided into boroughs rather than counties. Islands located here include Kodiak and Amaknak (“uh-MACK-nack”), the most populous of the Aleutians (“uh-LOO-shins”).

q19

This state suffered the Good Friday Earthquake, and it is the only state divided into boroughs rather than counties. Islands located here include Kodiak and Amaknak (“uh-MACK-nack”), the most populous of the Aleutians (“uh-LOO-shins”). Its largest city lies on the Cook Inlet, and its city of Nome lies on the Bering Sea. For 10 points, name this state, whose cities include Fairbanks and Anchorage, and which is the northernmost state in the United States.

Alaska

q104_3

In this work, potted plants are visible above the left shoulder of one of the central figures, and part of a red barn can be seen on the right. Architecture in the background is in the Carpenter form of its title style. This painting's models were the painter's dentist and his sister, Nan.

q104

In this work, potted plants are visible above the left shoulder of one of the central figures, and part of a red barn can be seen on the right. Architecture in the background is in the Carpenter form of its title style. This painting's models were the painter's dentist and his sister, Nan. For 10 points, name this regionalist Grant Wood work that depicts a woman and her pitchfork-holding father.

American Gothic

q1679_1

Bernoulli is credited with the discovery of this constant when he attempted to find the value of the limit as n approaches infinity of the quantity one plus one over n to the nth power.

q1679

Bernoulli is credited with the discovery of this constant when he attempted to find the value of the limit as n approaches infinity of the quantity one plus one over n to the nth power. This constant is used when finding interest compounded continuously and when modeling exponential growth, and it is the base of the natural logarithm. For 10 points, name this constant, approximately equal to 2.71828.

{e} [accept {Euler's} (“ oiler's ”) {number} or {Euler's constant}]

q1534_1

Among those killed in this work is Giles Corey.

q1534

Among those killed in this work is Giles Corey. Reverend Hale arrives to examine the unconscious Betty. This play sees Rebecca Nurse accused of killing seven of Goody Putnam's children, while Reverend Parris worries that his niece Abigail Williams will ruin his name. In the end, John Proctor refuses to make a false confession and is executed. For 10 points, name this play by Arthur Miller about the Salem witch trials.

The Crucible

q1418_1

This man's ship was saved from destruction after Orpheus used his lyre to drown out the Sirens' singing.

q1418

This man's ship was saved from destruction after Orpheus used his lyre to drown out the Sirens' singing. This man plowed a field with bronze, fire-breathing bulls and then sowed the teeth of a dragon into that field in order to retrieve an item that was made from the (*) ram that saved Phrixus and Helle. For 10 points, name this lover of Medea who led the Argonauts in the quest for the Golden Fleece.

Jason [or {Iason}]

q1912_2

In this work, Maurice and another character are seen destroying a sand castle. A pig's head on a stick appears to Simon and is revered as the title figure.

q1912

In this work, Maurice and another character are seen destroying a sand castle. A pig's head on a stick appears to Simon and is revered as the title figure. The holder of the conch is allowed to speak at the meeting within this book. A boulder is used by Roger to kill Piggy and Jack challenges Ralph for leadership of the tribe in, for 10 points, what novel by William Golding about a group of boys stranded on an island?

Lord of the Flies

q1836_4

One of these organic compounds is required for proteins to form blood clots, and sunlight is necessary for the body to produce another. The lack of one fat-soluble type results in night blindness, while beriberi (BARE-ee-BARE-ee) is caused by a diet deficient in one called thiamine. The ascorbic acid one in citrus fruit brought an end to scurvy. For 10 points, name these organic nutrients like A, C, and B1 (B-"ONE") that are only needed in small amounts.

q1836

One of these organic compounds is required for proteins to form blood clots, and sunlight is necessary for the body to produce another. The lack of one fat-soluble type results in night blindness, while beriberi (BARE-ee-BARE-ee) is caused by a diet deficient in one called thiamine. The ascorbic acid one in citrus fruit brought an end to scurvy. For 10 points, name these organic nutrients like A, C, and B1 (B-"ONE") that are only needed in small amounts.

{vitamins} [accept more specific answers of {Vitamin K, Vitamin D,} or {Vitamin A} until "thiamine" is read]

q40_1

The deepest point in this body of water is known as Calypso Deep.

q40

The deepest point in this body of water is known as Calypso Deep. Biomes around it include the garrigue (“garr-REEG”) and the maquis (“mah-KEE”). Major cities on this sea include Ajaccio (“eye- YAWX-ee-oh”), Palermo, and Beirut, while its largest islands include Cyprus, Crete, Sardinia, and Sicily. The Strait of Gibraltar is the western boundary of, for 10 points, what sea between Europe and Africa?

Mediterranean Sea

q1602_2

One character in this short story works at Maw and Meggins. Its title object is thrown into a fire by Sergeant-Major Morris and allegedly belonged to an Indian fakir who wished to demonstrate how fate ruled lives.

q1602

One character in this short story works at Maw and Meggins. Its title object is thrown into a fire by Sergeant-Major Morris and allegedly belonged to an Indian fakir who wished to demonstrate how fate ruled lives. In this story, Mr. White makes three wishes; the first kills his son Herbert and the second reanimates Herbert's mangled body. For 10 points, name this story by W.W. Jacobs about a primate's magical appendage.

"The Monkey's Paw"

q5047_1

This unit has gram and kilogram types depending on the amount of water used to define it.

q5047

This unit has gram and kilogram types depending on the amount of water used to define it. Its name is based on the Latin word for "heat". The gram type is a little over four joules, a unit that has in many contexts become a more common unit of (*) energy than this one. For 10 points, name this unit whose kilogram type is also known as the dietary type and is still used to measure the energy content of food.

calorie

q3219_2

R. A. Fisher suggested this scientist falsified data because of the exactness of his ratios, and his most significant paper was Experiments in Plant Hybridization. One result of this man's work was the law of independent assortment, discovered by examining traits like tall vs. dwarf and round vs. wrinkled.

q3219

R. A. Fisher suggested this scientist falsified data because of the exactness of his ratios, and his most significant paper was Experiments in Plant Hybridization. One result of this man's work was the law of independent assortment, discovered by examining traits like tall vs. dwarf and round vs. wrinkled. For 10 points, name this biologist and monk whose breeding of pea plants led to the basic principles of heredity.

Gregor Johann {Mendel}

q1790_2

Two poems originally written in this language begin "Willow of crystal, a poplar of water" and "Tonight I can write the saddest lines;" the latter poem ends a collection that also includes twenty love poems. In a novel written in this language, the town of Macondo is founded by (*) Jose Buendia.

q1790

Two poems originally written in this language begin "Willow of crystal, a poplar of water" and "Tonight I can write the saddest lines;" the latter poem ends a collection that also includes twenty love poems. In a novel written in this language, the town of Macondo is founded by (*) Jose Buendia. "Sunstone" and One Hundred Years of Solitude were written in, for 10 points, what language, used by Octavio Paz, Pablo Neruda, and Gabriel Garcia Marquez?

Spanish

q1493_1

During the Civil War, this city was defended by Fort St. Philip and controversially occupied by Union general Benjamin Butler.

q1493

During the Civil War, this city was defended by Fort St. Philip and controversially occupied by Union general Benjamin Butler. The Sieur de Bienville led a group of French settlers here in 1718. This city's suburb of Metairie contains the southern end of the Lake (*) Pontchartrain Causeway. Its Lower Ninth Ward was damaged when levees were weakened by a 2005 storm. For 10 points, what Louisiana city was devastated by Hurricane Katrina?

New Orleans, Louisiana

q1292_4

This method of execution was used to kill both Charlotte Corday and Maximilian Robespierre. England's Henry VIII executed his wives Catherine Howard and Anne Boleyn using this method. During the French Revolution, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were both executed by this method. For 10 points, name this method of execution that separates someone from an essential body part.

q1292

This method of execution was used to kill both Charlotte Corday and Maximilian Robespierre. England's Henry VIII executed his wives Catherine Howard and Anne Boleyn using this method. During the French Revolution, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were both executed by this method. For 10 points, name this method of execution that separates someone from an essential body part.

death/execution by {beheading} [{accept guillotine} and its word forms; accept any other answer that suggests {decapitation}]

q1735_1

In one scene in this novel, a Sheep talks of "crabs" and "feathers" while rowing.

q1735

In one scene in this novel, a Sheep talks of "crabs" and "feathers" while rowing. This novel begins with the protagonist blaming the black kitten, the offspring of Dinah, for the whole thing. In this novel, the protagonist plays a massively scaled chess game with the Red Queen. For 10 points, name this sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland whose title refers to the other side of a mirror.

{Through the Looking}-{Glass} [do not accept or prompt on "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" or "Alice in Wonderland"]

q394_2

This city was founded by Cadmus after following a cow until it sat. This city was besieged by the Sphinx, as all travelers who entered it were forced to either solve its riddle or be eaten.

q394

This city was founded by Cadmus after following a cow until it sat. This city was besieged by the Sphinx, as all travelers who entered it were forced to either solve its riddle or be eaten. To avenge the sleight done to him by Eteocles(“et-TEE-oh-clees”), Polyneices (“polly-NYE-kees”) led a group of seven warriors against this city. For 10 points, identify this Greek city, the home of Antigone (“an-TIG-uh-nee”) and Oedipus (“EH-dip-us”).

Thebes

q2277_4

The Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini was written from twenty-four caprices originally written for this instrument. Vivaldi's The Four Seasons is a set of concerti (“con-CHAIR-tee”) written for this instrument. Its strings are tuned to perfect fifths, and Stradivarius was a notable luthier (“LOO-thee-er”) of this instrument. For 10 points, name this four-stringed instrument, which is sometimes called the fiddle and which is smaller than the viola.

q2277

The Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini was written from twenty-four caprices originally written for this instrument. Vivaldi's The Four Seasons is a set of concerti (“con-CHAIR-tee”) written for this instrument. Its strings are tuned to perfect fifths, and Stradivarius was a notable luthier (“LOO-thee-er”) of this instrument. For 10 points, name this four-stringed instrument, which is sometimes called the fiddle and which is smaller than the viola.

{violin} [prompt on {fiddle}]

q3195_1

Like the kidney, this organ possesses large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum because of its role in removing toxins from the body.

q3195

Like the kidney, this organ possesses large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum because of its role in removing toxins from the body. This organ converts glycogen into glucose and creates cholesterol. This largest human internal organ is divided into four lobes and can regenerate. Cirrhosis is the degeneration of, for 10 points, which reddish-brown abdominal organ, which produces bile and stores it in the gallbladder?

{liver}

q1753_3

This man fought alongside Hirtius and Pansa at one battle, and he founded Nicopolis near where his friend Marcus Agrippa won a battle at the mouth of the Ambracian Gulf. In those battles, Mutina and Actium, this man fought a man who had joined him and Lepidus in the Second Triumvirate. Victorious over Mark Antony in a civil war, he was the adopted son of (*) Julius Caesar.

q1753

This man fought alongside Hirtius and Pansa at one battle, and he founded Nicopolis near where his friend Marcus Agrippa won a battle at the mouth of the Ambracian Gulf. In those battles, Mutina and Actium, this man fought a man who had joined him and Lepidus in the Second Triumvirate. Victorious over Mark Antony in a civil war, he was the adopted son of (*) Julius Caesar. For 10 points, name this first Roman Emperor.

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus [or Gaius Octavius Thurinus or Octavian]

q1850_4

One story in this work tells of the rooster Chauntecleer outsmarting a fox. Another story is about three rogues killing each other under an oak tree in a quest to find Death. In another story, a knight is forced to find out what women most desire; that story is told by the Wife of Bath. (*) Pilgrims on their way to visit an English cathedral city swap stories in, for 10 points, what collection by Geoffrey Chaucer?

q1850

One story in this work tells of the rooster Chauntecleer outsmarting a fox. Another story is about three rogues killing each other under an oak tree in a quest to find Death. In another story, a knight is forced to find out what women most desire; that story is told by the Wife of Bath. (*) Pilgrims on their way to visit an English cathedral city swap stories in, for 10 points, what collection by Geoffrey Chaucer?

The Canterbury Tales

q1049_2

He defended a campaign fund with his "Checkers Speech," which helped him maintain his role as Dwight Eisenhower's running mate. He was defeated in the 1962 race for Governor of California two years after losing a hotly contested election to John F. Kennedy.

q1049

He defended a campaign fund with his "Checkers Speech," which helped him maintain his role as Dwight Eisenhower's running mate. He was defeated in the 1962 race for Governor of California two years after losing a hotly contested election to John F. Kennedy. For 10 points, name this 37th President of the United States, who resigned following the Watergate scandal.

Richard {Nixon}

q108_2

The energy of electromagnetic waves is obtained by multiplying Planck's constant "h" by this quantity. When an object such as a bridge vibrates at the natural state of this quantity, resonance occurs.

q108

The energy of electromagnetic waves is obtained by multiplying Planck's constant "h" by this quantity. When an object such as a bridge vibrates at the natural state of this quantity, resonance occurs. For rotating devices, it is symbolized by omega and expressed in revolutions per second. For 10 points, name this property referring to the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time, which is measured in Hertz.

frequency [prompt on f; prompt on nu; prompt on omega before it is mentioned]

q1508_1

This party was founded by several ex-Whigs.

q1508

This party was founded by several ex-Whigs. Past leaders of this party include Newt Gingrich, the creator of the Contract with America, and Teddy Roosevelt. One member of this party made a campaign pledge of "no new taxes," and Libertarians traditionally run under this major party's banner. It is currently chaired by Michael Steele. For 10 points, name this major party also called the “Grand Old Party.”

{Republican} Party [accept {GOP} or {Grand Old Party} before mentioned]

q4165_1

Two liquids are said to be immiscible if they cannot combine to form this type of mixture.

q4165

Two liquids are said to be immiscible if they cannot combine to form this type of mixture. In the most common form of this mixture, solid particles are small enough to completely dissolve in a liquid. For 10 points, name this type of mixture that is not a colloid or suspension, an example of which is sugar dissolved in water.

{solution} [prompt on mixture]

q3332_3

Stomach acid consists mainly of a compound of hydrogen and this element. It is the second-lightest halogen, after fluorine, and at room temperature is a yellow-green gas. Compounds with it, carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine deplete the ozone layer and are called (*) CFCs.

q3332

Stomach acid consists mainly of a compound of hydrogen and this element. It is the second-lightest halogen, after fluorine, and at room temperature is a yellow-green gas. Compounds with it, carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine deplete the ozone layer and are called (*) CFCs. It is used in bleach as well as to disinfect swimming pools, and forms table salt along with sodium. For 10 points, name this element, number 17, symbolized Cl.

{Chlorine} or {Cl}

q1492_3

One leader of this country forcibly annexed the Sudetenland (“soo-DAY-ten-land”). During a movement to reunite this country, the leader of one half operated under the policy of ostpolitik (“OST-pol- it-ick”). Following World War I, the Weimar (“VIE-mar”) Republic was established in this nation.

q1492

One leader of this country forcibly annexed the Sudetenland (“soo-DAY-ten-land”). During a movement to reunite this country, the leader of one half operated under the policy of ostpolitik (“OST-pol- it-ick”). Following World War I, the Weimar (“VIE-mar”) Republic was established in this nation. It was united after an 1871 war and led by Kaiser Wilhelm I and chancellor Otto von Bismarck. For 10 points, name this European country formerly led by Adolf Hitler.

Federal Republic of {Germany} [or {Bundesrepublik Deutschland}]

q1824_2

This constellation is often interpreted as fighting Taurus with his dogs Canis Minor and Canis Major. Stars within this constellation include the “amazon star” Bellatrix (“BELL-uh-tricks”), the red giant Betelgeuse (“beetle juice”), and Rigel (“RYE-gull”).

q1824

This constellation is often interpreted as fighting Taurus with his dogs Canis Minor and Canis Major. Stars within this constellation include the “amazon star” Bellatrix (“BELL-uh-tricks”), the red giant Betelgeuse (“beetle juice”), and Rigel (“RYE-gull”). It is most easily recognizable by the three stars making up the belt of the figure in this constellation. For 10 points, name this constellation also known as "the Hunter."

{Orion} [prompt on “the {Hunter} before mentioned]

q1867_1

This author represented three branches of Christianity as Peter, Martin, and Jack in A Tale of a Tub.

q1867

This author represented three branches of Christianity as Peter, Martin, and Jack in A Tale of a Tub. One satire by this man facetiously calls for serving Irish babies as food and is called A Modest Proposal. His most famous work depicts the travels of the title captain to various fantastical lands, including Glubbdubdrib. For 10 points, name this Irish author of Gulliver's Travels.

Jonathan Swift

q1582_1

Early in January 2010, copper miners working for Codelco in this nation ended a strike.

q1582

Early in January 2010, copper miners working for Codelco in this nation ended a strike. The government of this country was criticized for utilizing the military to restore order, citing the oppression of former president Augusto Pinochet (“PIN-oh-shay”). It is led by outgoing president Michelle Bachelet (“BASH-uh-lay”). For 10 points, name this South American country, which recently was struck by a devastating earthquake.

Republic of {Chile}

q3709_1

In this book, the French general Montcalm shows one character a letter from General Webb, which prompt ons a long march during which a massacre occurs.

q3709

In this book, the French general Montcalm shows one character a letter from General Webb, which prompt ons a long march during which a massacre occurs. The beginning of this novel sees Colonel Munro's two daughters being escorted to Fort William Henry. The evil Magua kills Uncas and Cora only to be shot later by (*) Natty Bumppo in this work. For 10 points, what second novel of James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales is titled for the sole survivor of a Native American tribe?

The Last of the Mohicans

q1648_4

Buildup of these organic molecules in the brain causes Tay-Sachs disease, and vitamins A and D dissolve in them. Humans use adipose cells to store the triglyceride form of these, while their water-repellant quality makes them excellent insulation in marine mammals. Some countries have banned the (*) trans kind in foods altogether. For 10 points, name these high-energy molecules that contribute to obesity and can be unsaturated.

q1648

Buildup of these organic molecules in the brain causes Tay-Sachs disease, and vitamins A and D dissolve in them. Humans use adipose cells to store the triglyceride form of these, while their water-repellant quality makes them excellent insulation in marine mammals. Some countries have banned the (*) trans kind in foods altogether. For 10 points, name these high-energy molecules that contribute to obesity and can be unsaturated.

fats [or fatty acids; prompt on lipids]

q635_2

Richard Dawkins described an "extended" form of this term, which becomes blended in incomplete dominance. The human skin color one is controlled by three genes, and crossing two heterozygous individuals usually results in a 3-to-1 ratio of this.

q635

Richard Dawkins described an "extended" form of this term, which becomes blended in incomplete dominance. The human skin color one is controlled by three genes, and crossing two heterozygous individuals usually results in a 3-to-1 ratio of this. In Mendel's pea plants, these included (*) dwarf, yellow, and wrinkled. For 10 points, name this term for an organism's physical traits that are determined by its genotype.

phenotypes [prompt on \"trait(s)\"]

q4832_1

This father of Kebechet had a cult centered at Cynopolis.

q4832

This father of Kebechet had a cult centered at Cynopolis. This Egyptian god was associated with the Greek deity Hermes because of their similar roles. His mother is given as either Bast or Nephthys, and he predates one of his potential fathers, Osiris, as god of the underworld. This god weighs the heart of the dead against Ma'at's (MAHT's) feather. For 10 points, identify this jackal-headed Egyptian god of mummification.

{Anubis} [or {Inpu;} or {Anpu;} or {Anup;} or {Ienpw}]

q7150_4

One of this man's works depicts his self-portrait in a glass ball situated on his hand. Another features two hands drawing each other into existence. This artist of the lithographs Hand with Reflecting Sphere and Drawing Hands created an ever-increasing stairway in Ascending and Descending, along with several tessellations. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist known for his fascination with optical illusions.

q7150

One of this man's works depicts his self-portrait in a glass ball situated on his hand. Another features two hands drawing each other into existence. This artist of the lithographs Hand with Reflecting Sphere and Drawing Hands created an ever-increasing stairway in Ascending and Descending, along with several tessellations. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist known for his fascination with optical illusions.

M(aurits) C(ornelius) {Escher}

q68_3

A sports team from this city defeated the Calgary Stampeders in the 2012 Grey Cup. This city is the current home of major leaguers Adam Lind, Brett Lawrie, and Jose Bautista. Another sports team for this city features Landry Fields and (*) Andrea Bargnani, but is probably better known for being the former team of Chris Bosh.

q68

A sports team from this city defeated the Calgary Stampeders in the 2012 Grey Cup. This city is the current home of major leaguers Adam Lind, Brett Lawrie, and Jose Bautista. Another sports team for this city features Landry Fields and (*) Andrea Bargnani, but is probably better known for being the former team of Chris Bosh. For 10 points, name this Canadian city, home of the Raptors, Maple Leafs, and Blue Jays.

Toronto

q1298_3

For any odd number greater than one, there exists one of these types of sets where that number is the smallest of the three elements. By definition, all numbers in these kinds of sets are integers. Common example of this type of set are (8, 15, 17); (5, 12, 13); and (3, 4, 5).

q1298

For any odd number greater than one, there exists one of these types of sets where that number is the smallest of the three elements. By definition, all numbers in these kinds of sets are integers. Common example of this type of set are (8, 15, 17); (5, 12, 13); and (3, 4, 5). For 10 points, name these sets of three integers a, b, and c which satisfy the equation a squared plus b squared equals c squared.

{Pythagorean triples} [accept clear-knowledge equivalents; prompt on {Pythagorean theorem}]

q92_3

The Panspermia theory holds that life first developed on these objects. These objects contain a coma surrounding a nucleus. They originate in the Oort Cloud and Kuiper (KYE-per) Belt, and their dust tails point away from the Sun.

q92

The Panspermia theory holds that life first developed on these objects. These objects contain a coma surrounding a nucleus. They originate in the Oort Cloud and Kuiper (KYE-per) Belt, and their dust tails point away from the Sun. They include Shoemaker-Levy 9, which crashed into Jupiter. For 10 points, name these "dirty snowballs," one of which passes by Earth every 76 years and was discovered by Edmond Halley.

comets

q233_3

The Tibesti Mountains are a prominent feature of this desert that also contains sand seas called ergs. The Tuareg people are nomadic inhabitants of this desert, which was crossed in medieval times by a caravan route to Timbuktu. The Sahel is the southern border of this desert that covers much of Mauritania, Niger, and Libya.

q233

The Tibesti Mountains are a prominent feature of this desert that also contains sand seas called ergs. The Tuareg people are nomadic inhabitants of this desert, which was crossed in medieval times by a caravan route to Timbuktu. The Sahel is the southern border of this desert that covers much of Mauritania, Niger, and Libya. For 10 points, name this desert that covers most of North Africa.

Sahara Desert

q898_5

One variant of this organelle (“OR-guh-NELL”) is found in muscle cells and stores calcium. Like the Golgi body, it is composed of flattened sacks called cisternae (“SIS-ter-nay”). This set of tubes contains chaperone proteins, which help fold proteins. Those proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes, which are attached to one form of this organelle. For 10 points, name this “packaging center” of the cell, which is divided into rough and smooth types.

q898

One variant of this organelle (“OR-guh-NELL”) is found in muscle cells and stores calcium. Like the Golgi body, it is composed of flattened sacks called cisternae (“SIS-ter-nay”). This set of tubes contains chaperone proteins, which help fold proteins. Those proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes, which are attached to one form of this organelle. For 10 points, name this “packaging center” of the cell, which is divided into rough and smooth types.

{endoplasmic reticulum} [or {ER} ; accept {sarcoplasmic reticulum} or {SR}]

q389_4

The Euler (“OIL-er”) line passes through the orthocenter (“OR-tho-SEN-ter”), circumcenter, and centroid (“SEN-troyd”) in this figure. The area of this polygon can be found by halving the product of two sides and the sine of the angle opposite of the third side or by simply using Heron's formula. It is the only polygon that cannot be concave, because its angles must add to 180 degrees. For 10 points, name this polygon with three sides.

q389

The Euler (“OIL-er”) line passes through the orthocenter (“OR-tho-SEN-ter”), circumcenter, and centroid (“SEN-troyd”) in this figure. The area of this polygon can be found by halving the product of two sides and the sine of the angle opposite of the third side or by simply using Heron's formula. It is the only polygon that cannot be concave, because its angles must add to 180 degrees. For 10 points, name this polygon with three sides.

{triangle}

q1606_2

In one novel, this writer depicted Catherine as the lover of Frederic Henry. In another novel, this writer depicted Maria as the lover of Robert Jordan.

q1606

In one novel, this writer depicted Catherine as the lover of Frederic Henry. In another novel, this writer depicted Maria as the lover of Robert Jordan. In a third novel by this writer, Frances is replaced by Lady Brett Ashley as the mistress of Robert Cohn (“CONE”). For 10 points, name this American writer who wrote A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Sun Also Rises.

Ernest {Hemingway}

q323_1

Lee Deforest is considered one of the inventors of this technique in the early 1900s when he was working on space telegraphy.

q323

Lee Deforest is considered one of the inventors of this technique in the early 1900s when he was working on space telegraphy. This form of radio communication involves the transmission of sinusoidal waves that have varying strength over time. Most early commercial radios used this technique due to its simplicity. (*) For 10 points, name this radio transmission methodology contrasted with frequency modulation.

{amplitude modulation} or {AM radio} [prompt on \"radio\" or similar answers]

q92_5

The Panspermia theory holds that life first developed on these objects. These objects contain a coma surrounding a nucleus. They originate in the Oort Cloud and Kuiper (KYE-per) Belt, and their dust tails point away from the Sun. They include Shoemaker-Levy 9, which crashed into Jupiter. For 10 points, name these "dirty snowballs," one of which passes by Earth every 76 years and was discovered by Edmond Halley.

q92

The Panspermia theory holds that life first developed on these objects. These objects contain a coma surrounding a nucleus. They originate in the Oort Cloud and Kuiper (KYE-per) Belt, and their dust tails point away from the Sun. They include Shoemaker-Levy 9, which crashed into Jupiter. For 10 points, name these "dirty snowballs," one of which passes by Earth every 76 years and was discovered by Edmond Halley.

comets

q936_1

Neoptolemus killed King Priam in the final stages of this event, after which Aeneas fled with his son.

q936

Neoptolemus killed King Priam in the final stages of this event, after which Aeneas fled with his son. This event began after the Judgement of Paris and (*) Helen's abduction from King Menelaus of Sparta. After nine years, it finally ended after Greek soldiers got past enemy gates while hiding in a giant wooden horse. For 10 points, name this conflict in Greek mythology that featured warriors like Hector and Achilles.

{Trojan War}

q1342_2

Near the end of this novel, Marya Bolkonskaya (“MAR-yuh BOWL-con-SKY-uh”) marries a cavalry officer named Nikolay. Nikolay's sister later marries the former husband of the most fascinating woman in Petersburg, Helene Kuragina (“eh-LEN kur-AH-jin-ah”).

q1342

Near the end of this novel, Marya Bolkonskaya (“MAR-yuh BOWL-con-SKY-uh”) marries a cavalry officer named Nikolay. Nikolay's sister later marries the former husband of the most fascinating woman in Petersburg, Helene Kuragina (“eh-LEN kur-AH-jin-ah”). By the end of this novel, Natasha Rostova (“ross-TOE-vah”) marries Pierre Bezukhov (“BEZ-oo-kov”). For 10 points, name this Leo Tolstoy novel that is notoriously long.

{War and Peace}

q492_3

Darwin's first paper was on the formation of this biome, whose organisms are threatened by white-band disease. Acidification removes the minerals needed for this ecosystem to grow as each new generation builds on the calcium carbonate skeletons of the previous one. Constructed by tiny relatives of (*) jellyfish, about 10% of these have been bleached by global warming.

q492

Darwin's first paper was on the formation of this biome, whose organisms are threatened by white-band disease. Acidification removes the minerals needed for this ecosystem to grow as each new generation builds on the calcium carbonate skeletons of the previous one. Constructed by tiny relatives of (*) jellyfish, about 10% of these have been bleached by global warming. For 10 points, name this most diverse aquatic ecosystem that includes the Great Barrier one.

{coral reefs} [prompt on \"reef(s)\"]

q57_1

In this city, Wissahickon Creek goes through Fairmount Park.

q57

In this city, Wissahickon Creek goes through Fairmount Park. This city can be entered by crossing the Delaware River on the Betsy Ross Bridge. One of its buildings, where the Second Continental Congress adopted the (*) Declaration of Independence, is Independence Hall. The Liberty Bell is found in, for 10 points, what city in Pennsylvania?

{Philadelphia,} Pennsylvania

q1429_2

The first step in this process can be further broken down into leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene phases. A common problem during this process is nondisjunction, which leads to conditions such as Klinefelter's Syndrome and Down Syndrome.

q1429

The first step in this process can be further broken down into leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene phases. A common problem during this process is nondisjunction, which leads to conditions such as Klinefelter's Syndrome and Down Syndrome. This process involves two instances of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. For 10 points, name this process used to create haploid cells, such as sperm and eggs.

{meiosis} [do not accept or prompt on "mitosis"]

q2094_3

Reverend Shannon works as a tour guide in this author's Night of the Iguana. In another play, after Jim O'Connor reveals he is engaged to Laura, Tom Wingfield leaves his family. One of his characters has "always depended on the kindness of strangers;" that character is institutionalized by Stanley Kowalski.

q2094

Reverend Shannon works as a tour guide in this author's Night of the Iguana. In another play, after Jim O'Connor reveals he is engaged to Laura, Tom Wingfield leaves his family. One of his characters has "always depended on the kindness of strangers;" that character is institutionalized by Stanley Kowalski. For 10 points, name this author of The Glass Menagerie who created Blanche DuBois (doo-BWAH) in A Streetcar Named Desire.

(Thomas Lanier) "Tennessee" Williams [accept Night of the Iguana before it is read]

q315_4

One work by this composer opens with a flute solo descending and ascending chromatically, followed by a prolonged pause. This composer's most famous composition is the third movement of his Suite Bergamasque (bair-gah-"MASK"). He also depicted "Golliwog's Cakewalk" in the Children's Corner suite and composed Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. For 10 points, name this impressionist French composer of "Clair de Lune."

q315

One work by this composer opens with a flute solo descending and ascending chromatically, followed by a prolonged pause. This composer's most famous composition is the third movement of his Suite Bergamasque (bair-gah-"MASK"). He also depicted "Golliwog's Cakewalk" in the Children's Corner suite and composed Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. For 10 points, name this impressionist French composer of "Clair de Lune."

Claude-Achille {Debussy}

q265_4

Solving an example of this mathematical concept is equivalent to finding the intersection of hyperplanes in n-dimensional space. They can be represented by matrices and then solved using Cramer's rule. These can be classified as dependent or independent, as well as consistent or inconsistent. They can be solved by (*) elimination or substitution.

q265

Solving an example of this mathematical concept is equivalent to finding the intersection of hyperplanes in n-dimensional space. They can be represented by matrices and then solved using Cramer's rule. These can be classified as dependent or independent, as well as consistent or inconsistent. They can be solved by (*) elimination or substitution. For 10 points, give this type of problem in which several equations are solved at once.

system of {linear equations} [or system of simultaneous {linear equations;} prompt on \"system\"]

q2710_1

Genes related to this condition include the c-sis and p53 genes.

q2710

Genes related to this condition include the c-sis and p53 genes. The human papillomavirus (pahp-uh- LOH-muh-veye-ruhs), HPV, can cause one form of this disease, which is known as a sarcoma when it affects connective tissue and a melanoma if affects the skin. Metastasis (muh-TAS-tuh-sis) refers to the spread of this disease to other organs. It is caused by malignant tumors. For 10 points, name this uncontrolled growth of cells often treated with chemotherapy.

cancer

q1168_1

Samuel Chase was the only impeached member of this group, which is vested with power by Article III of the U.S. Constitution.

q1168

Samuel Chase was the only impeached member of this group, which is vested with power by Article III of the U.S. Constitution. Harriet Miers and Robert Bork were unsuccessful nominees to join this group, which Franklin Roosevelt proposed increasing to a size of 15. (*) Marbury v. Madison was an 1803 decision by, for 10 points, what nine-member panel, the highest-ranking in the judicial branch?

United States Supreme Court [accept SCOTUS (Supreme Court of the United States); prompt on \"Court\"]

q4875_3

This force is produced by moving charges, and its namesake field is measured in henrys. Its most common form breaks down at a point at which domains lose their alignment. This phenomenon's "electro" type may be caused by wrapping wire around a nail and running current through it.

q4875

This force is produced by moving charges, and its namesake field is measured in henrys. Its most common form breaks down at a point at which domains lose their alignment. This phenomenon's "electro" type may be caused by wrapping wire around a nail and running current through it. For 10 points, name this force whose "ferro" type is exhibited by cobalt, nickel, and iron and may be used to stick items to fridges.

{magnetism} [accept word forms such as {magnetic;} accept {electromagnetism} until "electro"]

q2050_2

One character in this book describes himself as the "shortest giant" and "tallest midget." The protagonist is instructed to follow a line forever and then turn left to find infinity.

q2050

One character in this book describes himself as the "shortest giant" and "tallest midget." The protagonist is instructed to follow a line forever and then turn left to find infinity. The protagonist is accompanied by Tock and the Humbug in a quest to rescue Rhyme and Reason from the Castle in the Air. (*) For 10 points, name this Norton Juster novel about Milo, who drives his toy car through the title object.

The Phantom Tollbooth

q1040_4

During this battle, a bayonet charge by the 20th Maine, led by Joshua Chamberlain, helped defend one important hill. Besides Little Round Top, other areas of contest included Devil's Den and the Peach Orchard. The decisive action in this battle was a failed assault on Cemetery Ridge known as Pickett's Charge. For 10 points, name this Union victory after which Abraham Lincoln gave a namesake "address."

q1040

During this battle, a bayonet charge by the 20th Maine, led by Joshua Chamberlain, helped defend one important hill. Besides Little Round Top, other areas of contest included Devil's Den and the Peach Orchard. The decisive action in this battle was a failed assault on Cemetery Ridge known as Pickett's Charge. For 10 points, name this Union victory after which Abraham Lincoln gave a namesake "address."

Battle of Gettysburg

q492_2

Darwin's first paper was on the formation of this biome, whose organisms are threatened by white-band disease. Acidification removes the minerals needed for this ecosystem to grow as each new generation builds on the calcium carbonate skeletons of the previous one.

q492

Darwin's first paper was on the formation of this biome, whose organisms are threatened by white-band disease. Acidification removes the minerals needed for this ecosystem to grow as each new generation builds on the calcium carbonate skeletons of the previous one. Constructed by tiny relatives of (*) jellyfish, about 10% of these have been bleached by global warming. For 10 points, name this most diverse aquatic ecosystem that includes the Great Barrier one.

{coral reefs} [prompt on \"reef(s)\"]

q3023_2

Three square windows can be seen in the back of this painting, and the back of a chair takes up its lower center portion. The central figure is wearing red and blue with his hands on a table; to his right is an effeminate figure believed to be the Apostle John.

q3023

Three square windows can be seen in the back of this painting, and the back of a chair takes up its lower center portion. The central figure is wearing red and blue with his hands on a table; to his right is an effeminate figure believed to be the Apostle John. Judas clutches a bag of silver in, for 10 points, what Leonardo da Vinci painting that depicts Christ's final meal with his disciples?

The {Last Supper}

q678_2

This character was named after the wife of King Leontes in The Winter's Tale. This character forms an organization called S.P.E.W., and purchases a half-cat, half-kneazle (“NEE-zul”) known as Crookshanks. Though she is called a “mudblood” because of her dentist parents, she is smart enough to have memorized “Hogwarts: A History.” For 10 points, name this female companion to Harry and Ron in the “Harry Potter” series.

q678

This character was named after the wife of King Leontes in The Winter's Tale. This character forms an organization called S.P.E.W., and purchases a half-cat, half-kneazle (“NEE-zul”) known as Crookshanks. Though she is called a “mudblood” because of her dentist parents, she is smart enough to have memorized “Hogwarts: A History.” For 10 points, name this female companion to Harry and Ron in the “Harry Potter” series.

{Hermione Granger} [accept either]

q4806_5

In 1983 this character was given a purple and green battle suit. This cancer survivor was fictionally the forty-third U.S. President. John Byrne rewrote this character as a white-collar criminal who runs a prominent aerospace company. He has been portrayed by Gene Hackman and Kevin Spacey in movies, and Michael Rosenbaum in Smallville. For 10 points, name this bald supervillain known for his rivalry with Superman.

q4806

In 1983 this character was given a purple and green battle suit. This cancer survivor was fictionally the forty-third U.S. President. John Byrne rewrote this character as a white-collar criminal who runs a prominent aerospace company. He has been portrayed by Gene Hackman and Kevin Spacey in movies, and Michael Rosenbaum in Smallville. For 10 points, name this bald supervillain known for his rivalry with Superman.

Alexander John {"Lex" Luthor}

q224_2

This mountain range includes the Vilcabamba (“VEEL-cuh-BOM-buh”) sub-range and contains a plateau called the altiplano (“ALL-tee-PLAN-oh”). It is home to the tallest volcano on Earth, Ojos (“OH- hoess”) del Salado, and the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere, Aconcagua (“AH-con-CAH-gwa”).

q224

This mountain range includes the Vilcabamba (“VEEL-cuh-BOM-buh”) sub-range and contains a plateau called the altiplano (“ALL-tee-PLAN-oh”). It is home to the tallest volcano on Earth, Ojos (“OH- hoess”) del Salado, and the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere, Aconcagua (“AH-con-CAH-gwa”). Llamas were domesticated in, for 10 points, what longest mountain range on Earth, located in western South America?

{Andes} Mountains

q746_5

This man's reign began with the Streltsy (SHTRELT-zee) Revolt instigated by his half-sister, Sophia. He passed a law which required all men to either cut their beards or pay a tax. This leader created the Table of Ranks to organize the government and limit the power of the Boyars (boh-YAHRS). He defeated Charles XII of Sweden in the Great Northern War. For 10 points, name this tsar who established Russia as a dominant European power.

q746

This man's reign began with the Streltsy (SHTRELT-zee) Revolt instigated by his half-sister, Sophia. He passed a law which required all men to either cut their beards or pay a tax. This leader created the Table of Ranks to organize the government and limit the power of the Boyars (boh-YAHRS). He defeated Charles XII of Sweden in the Great Northern War. For 10 points, name this tsar who established Russia as a dominant European power.

{Peter I} [accept {Peter the Great;} prompt on {Peter}]

q4459_4

Prince Calaf (cah-LAHF) sings "Nessun dorma" in this composer's unfinished final work. Another opera by this composer sees Lieutenant Pinkerton marry the title character, Cio-Cio San (CHO CHO sahn), before returning to America. This composer of the unfinished Turandot also composed an opera about the poet Rodolfo's love for the seamstress Mimi, who dies of tuberculosis. For 10 points, name this Italian who created Madame Butterfly and La Boheme [boh-EMM].

q4459

Prince Calaf (cah-LAHF) sings "Nessun dorma" in this composer's unfinished final work. Another opera by this composer sees Lieutenant Pinkerton marry the title character, Cio-Cio San (CHO CHO sahn), before returning to America. This composer of the unfinished Turandot also composed an opera about the poet Rodolfo's love for the seamstress Mimi, who dies of tuberculosis. For 10 points, name this Italian who created Madame Butterfly and La Boheme [boh-EMM].

Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria {Puccini} [accept {Turandot} before "this composer"]

q1660_1

This entity was assembled and in retaliation for English support of the Dutch Revolts.

q1660

This entity was assembled and in retaliation for English support of the Dutch Revolts. This entity was commanded by Alvaro de Bazan (all-VAR-oh de bah-ZAHN). It intended to deliver troops under the Duke of Parma across the English Channel, but it lost many vessels when attempting to sail around the British Isles in poor weather. For 10 points, identify this fleet of over 130 ships assembled by Philip II of Spain.

Spanish Armada [accept Armada after "Spain"]

q422_3

In one of this composer's ballets, a castle is hidden by vines for 100 years until Prince Desire kisses Princess Aurora. This composer of Sleeping Beauty included the Waltz of the Flowers and the Russian Trepak in another ballet, while his third ballet sees Von Rothbart turn Odette into the title (*) bird. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.

q422

In one of this composer's ballets, a castle is hidden by vines for 100 years until Prince Desire kisses Princess Aurora. This composer of Sleeping Beauty included the Waltz of the Flowers and the Russian Trepak in another ballet, while his third ballet sees Von Rothbart turn Odette into the title (*) bird. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky [or Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky]

q315_3

One work by this composer opens with a flute solo descending and ascending chromatically, followed by a prolonged pause. This composer's most famous composition is the third movement of his Suite Bergamasque (bair-gah-"MASK"). He also depicted "Golliwog's Cakewalk" in the Children's Corner suite and composed Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.

q315

One work by this composer opens with a flute solo descending and ascending chromatically, followed by a prolonged pause. This composer's most famous composition is the third movement of his Suite Bergamasque (bair-gah-"MASK"). He also depicted "Golliwog's Cakewalk" in the Children's Corner suite and composed Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. For 10 points, name this impressionist French composer of "Clair de Lune."

Claude-Achille {Debussy}

q1844_3

One deity from this country's myth system obtained the "grass-cutting sword" after defeating an eight- headed foe. Its sun deity hid in a cave after another deity made too much noise. Those deities, Susanowo (“SOO-sun-oh-woe”) and Amaterasu (“ah-MAH-ter-AH-soo”) respectively, are siblings from this country's myth system.

q1844

One deity from this country's myth system obtained the "grass-cutting sword" after defeating an eight- headed foe. Its sun deity hid in a cave after another deity made too much noise. Those deities, Susanowo (“SOO-sun-oh-woe”) and Amaterasu (“ah-MAH-ter-AH-soo”) respectively, are siblings from this country's myth system. For 10 points, these kami (“KAH-mee”) are from the Shinto religion practiced by citizens of what country?

{Japan} [or {Nippon}-{koku}; or {Nihon}-{koku}]

q1679_3

Bernoulli is credited with the discovery of this constant when he attempted to find the value of the limit as n approaches infinity of the quantity one plus one over n to the nth power. This constant is used when finding interest compounded continuously and when modeling exponential growth, and it is the base of the natural logarithm. For 10 points, name this constant, approximately equal to 2.71828.

q1679

Bernoulli is credited with the discovery of this constant when he attempted to find the value of the limit as n approaches infinity of the quantity one plus one over n to the nth power. This constant is used when finding interest compounded continuously and when modeling exponential growth, and it is the base of the natural logarithm. For 10 points, name this constant, approximately equal to 2.71828.

{e} [accept {Euler's} (“ oiler's ”) {number} or {Euler's constant}]

q1334_1

The AM-GM inequality compares two types of this measure for a set of n non-negative numbers.

q1334

The AM-GM inequality compares two types of this measure for a set of n non-negative numbers. One type of this is the nth root of the product of n numbers; that is the geometric type of this measure. The usual type of this measure is called the (*) arithmetic type, which equals the sum of n numbers divided by n and is often contrasted with the median and mode. For 10 points, name this measure, the average value of a set of numbers.

mean [accept average before it is mentioned]