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protobowl-11-13

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q999_4

J.M.W. Turner painted one of these things before it was to be "broken up" in his The Fighting Temeraire. A black man stands in a small brown one of these things in a Winslow Homer painting. A John Copley painting showing many of these includes a group of people on one of them as Brook Watson is being rescued from a (*) shark attack. For 10 points, name these sea vessels which are often shown in naval war scenes.

q999

J.M.W. Turner painted one of these things before it was to be "broken up" in his The Fighting Temeraire. A black man stands in a small brown one of these things in a Winslow Homer painting. A John Copley painting showing many of these includes a group of people on one of them as Brook Watson is being rescued from a (*) shark attack. For 10 points, name these sea vessels which are often shown in naval war scenes.

{boats} or {ships} [accept {warships;} accept {sea vessels} before it is mentioned]

q1506_2

The density parameter for the non-relativistic form of this falls off with the cube of the scale factor. This substance dominated the universe from approximately 75,000 years after the Big-Bang until about 4 billion years ago.

q1506

The density parameter for the non-relativistic form of this falls off with the cube of the scale factor. This substance dominated the universe from approximately 75,000 years after the Big-Bang until about 4 billion years ago. Deviations in the expected orbital speed of galaxies suggests the presence of the (*) "dark" form of this. When it has the same mass but opposite charge and spin, it is deemed "anti." Solid, liquid, and gas are three states of, for 10 points, what term for any substance that occupies space and has mass.

matter

q1366_3

A December 2012 agreement between this country's National Action, Democratic Revolution, and Institutional Revolutionary Parties led to constitutional amendments in 2013. The last of those parties is headed by (*) Enrique Peña Nieto [en-REE-kay PAY-nya nee-AY-toe], who replaced Felipe [fay-LEE-pay] Calderon as president. For 10 points, name this country that recently experienced an increase in drug-related violence and that shares a long border with the United States.

q1366

A December 2012 agreement between this country's National Action, Democratic Revolution, and Institutional Revolutionary Parties led to constitutional amendments in 2013. The last of those parties is headed by (*) Enrique Peña Nieto [en-REE-kay PAY-nya nee-AY-toe], who replaced Felipe [fay-LEE-pay] Calderon as president. For 10 points, name this country that recently experienced an increase in drug-related violence and that shares a long border with the United States.

Los Estados Unidos de {México} [or {United Mexican States}]

q5689_2

This body contains an unusually reflective equatorial region known as Xanadu. It is in a 3:4 orbital resonance with Hyperion.

q5689

This body contains an unusually reflective equatorial region known as Xanadu. It is in a 3:4 orbital resonance with Hyperion. In 2010, the Cassini-Huygens probe found evidence of a cryovolcano named Sotra Facula on this moon. This moon's surface contains methane lakes, and it has a dense, opaque atmosphere. For 10 points, name this largest moon of Saturn.

Titan

q3001_1

This man defeated Caleb Boggs in a 1972 Senate election; the following month his wife and daughter were killed in an accident.

q3001

This man defeated Caleb Boggs in a 1972 Senate election; the following month his wife and daughter were killed in an accident. In 2013, he and John Lewis led a re-enactment of the Selma civil rights march, and in 2012 he said on national television, "With all due respect, that's a bunch of (*) malarkey." He now heads a Gun Violence Task Force. For 10 points, name this former Delaware Senator who is currently the Vice President.

({Joseph} Robinette) {\"Joe\" Biden}

q415_3

In this game, one can play the Ruy (“ROY”) Lopez or the Dragon Sicilian. ELO rankings were first computed for competitors in this game, whose special moves include the en passant (“AHN pah-SAHN”) capture and castling. Pieces that move in an L-shape in this game are called knights.

q415

In this game, one can play the Ruy (“ROY”) Lopez or the Dragon Sicilian. ELO rankings were first computed for competitors in this game, whose special moves include the en passant (“AHN pah-SAHN”) capture and castling. Pieces that move in an L-shape in this game are called knights. For 10 points, name this game in which white and black each try to put their opponent in checkmate.

chess

q148_1

In one novel written in this language, Adso of Melk and William of Baskerville solve a murder mystery at a monastery.

q148

In one novel written in this language, Adso of Melk and William of Baskerville solve a murder mystery at a monastery. That work, The Name of the Rose, was published in this language eight years before the same author's Foucault's Pendulum. A treatise in this language advised the title ruler that it was better to be feared than loved. (*) For 10 points, name this language employed by writers like Umberto Eco and Niccolo Machiavelli.

Italian [accept Italiano or Lingua italiana]

q3219_3

R. A. Fisher suggested this scientist falsified data because of the exactness of his ratios, and his most significant paper was Experiments in Plant Hybridization. One result of this man's work was the law of independent assortment, discovered by examining traits like tall vs. dwarf and round vs. wrinkled. For 10 points, name this biologist and monk whose breeding of pea plants led to the basic principles of heredity.

q3219

R. A. Fisher suggested this scientist falsified data because of the exactness of his ratios, and his most significant paper was Experiments in Plant Hybridization. One result of this man's work was the law of independent assortment, discovered by examining traits like tall vs. dwarf and round vs. wrinkled. For 10 points, name this biologist and monk whose breeding of pea plants led to the basic principles of heredity.

Gregor Johann {Mendel}

q634_1

This mountain range is home to the threatened spectacled bear, and large silver mines were found near this range's city of Potosí.

q634

This mountain range is home to the threatened spectacled bear, and large silver mines were found near this range's city of Potosí. The farthest point on the surface from Earth's center is this range's Chimborazo. Its highest peak is (*) Aconcagua, and it is home to Lake Titicaca. Cities in this mountain range include Sucre, La Paz, and Quito. For 10 points, name this mountain range along the Western coast of South America.

the {Andes}

q1113_2

This character feels nauseous at the sight of blue oatmeal and befriends Yard Ape. She ends a book report with the line, "I can't believe I ate the whole thing."

q1113

This character feels nauseous at the sight of blue oatmeal and befriends Yard Ape. She ends a book report with the line, "I can't believe I ate the whole thing." In one appearance, she makes a gravestone for the cat Picky-Picky and recovers Aunt Bea's wedding ring. For 10 points, name this pest of Klickitat Street and friend of Howie Kemp, the younger sister of Beezus Quimby in a series of books by Beverly Cleary.

{Ramona Quimby} [or Ramona Quimby; prompt on Quimby]

q2402_1

The fundamental units in these body parts work according to the sliding-filament hypothesis and are called sarcomeres.

q2402

The fundamental units in these body parts work according to the sliding-filament hypothesis and are called sarcomeres. The type that surrounds hollow organs such as the stomach is the smooth type, and the other two types are cardiac and skeletal. One of them, the diaphragm, ultimately fails in a namesake kind of "dystrophy." For 10 points, name these human organs necessary for movement, which include triceps and biceps.

muscles

q692_4

Creations of this type include Roland Barthes's (BART'S) "Death of the Author." Supporting details and examples are found in body paragraphs in this type of writing, genres of which include process, descriptive, argumentative, and compare-and-contrast. A five-paragraph type of these is frequently assigned in high schools. For 10 points, name this type of non-fiction writing that seeks to prove a thesis statement.

q692

Creations of this type include Roland Barthes's (BART'S) "Death of the Author." Supporting details and examples are found in body paragraphs in this type of writing, genres of which include process, descriptive, argumentative, and compare-and-contrast. A five-paragraph type of these is frequently assigned in high schools. For 10 points, name this type of non-fiction writing that seeks to prove a thesis statement.

{essays} [prompt on {papers;} prompt on {prose;} prompt on {non}-{fiction;} do not accept or prompt on "article"; do not accept or prompt on "report"]

q634_3

This mountain range is home to the threatened spectacled bear, and large silver mines were found near this range's city of Potosí. The farthest point on the surface from Earth's center is this range's Chimborazo. Its highest peak is (*) Aconcagua, and it is home to Lake Titicaca.

q634

This mountain range is home to the threatened spectacled bear, and large silver mines were found near this range's city of Potosí. The farthest point on the surface from Earth's center is this range's Chimborazo. Its highest peak is (*) Aconcagua, and it is home to Lake Titicaca. Cities in this mountain range include Sucre, La Paz, and Quito. For 10 points, name this mountain range along the Western coast of South America.

the {Andes}

q2066_2

The god of war worshipped by these people was born from the union of a ball of feathers and Coatlicue (co-AHT-lee-KWAY). This people settled down in the place where they found an eagle, on a cactus, eating a snake.

q2066

The god of war worshipped by these people was born from the union of a ball of feathers and Coatlicue (co-AHT-lee-KWAY). This people settled down in the place where they found an eagle, on a cactus, eating a snake. This people's main god threw himself on a funeral pyre after his chief rival, Tezcatlipoca (TEZ-cot-lee-POKE-AH), deceived him. For 10 points, identify this Mesoamerican civilization that worshipped the "Feathered Serpent," Quetzalcoatl (KWET-zahl- koh-AHT-ill).

{Aztecs} [prompt on {Mexicans}]

q294_4

This state's ski resort of Lake Placid, the site of the 1980 Winter Olympics, and its highest point, Mount Marcy, are both located in the Adirondack Mountains. In the 19th century, its growth was aided by the Erie Canal, which brought settlers west from the Hudson River valley. This state's largest city is composed of five boroughs, including Staten Island, Queens, and the Bronx. For 10 points, name this Empire State.

q294

This state's ski resort of Lake Placid, the site of the 1980 Winter Olympics, and its highest point, Mount Marcy, are both located in the Adirondack Mountains. In the 19th century, its growth was aided by the Erie Canal, which brought settlers west from the Hudson River valley. This state's largest city is composed of five boroughs, including Staten Island, Queens, and the Bronx. For 10 points, name this Empire State.

New York

q1518_4

This city is where Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man works at the Liberty Paint Company. George Selden wrote about a cricket in one of this city's major public spaces. The Great Gatsby takes place in this city where Percy Jackson visits the Metropolitan Museum of Art. This city is where Stuart Little races boats in Central Park.

q1518

This city is where Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man works at the Liberty Paint Company. George Selden wrote about a cricket in one of this city's major public spaces. The Great Gatsby takes place in this city where Percy Jackson visits the Metropolitan Museum of Art. This city is where Stuart Little races boats in Central Park. For 10 points, name this city in which the Harlem Renaissance took place.

New York City

q1094_2

Iron-56 dominates the spectra of absorption lines for one class of these phenomena, which are caused by white dwarves exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit. An inert nickel-iron core in a star leads to one on account of a lack of degeneracy pressure.

q1094

Iron-56 dominates the spectra of absorption lines for one class of these phenomena, which are caused by white dwarves exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit. An inert nickel-iron core in a star leads to one on account of a lack of degeneracy pressure. One with official designation 2003fg reached two solar masses before exploding, and was given the nickname "Champagne." For 10 points, name these gigantic stellar explosions.

{supernovae} [or {supernovas;} prompt on {stellar collapse;} do not accept or prompt on \"nova\"]

q4931_4

Gamma-tubulin (TOO-byoo-lin) is needed to activate centrosomes in this phase, which follows the G2 checkpoint. One of these phases in meiosis includes synapsis (sin-APP-sis) and the crossing over of homologous chromosomes. Asters form during this phase that sees the disappearance of the nucleolus (noo-klee-OH-luss) and the growth of spindle fibers. For 10 points, name this phase of mitosis in which chromatin condenses into chromosomes prior to metaphase.

q4931

Gamma-tubulin (TOO-byoo-lin) is needed to activate centrosomes in this phase, which follows the G2 checkpoint. One of these phases in meiosis includes synapsis (sin-APP-sis) and the crossing over of homologous chromosomes. Asters form during this phase that sees the disappearance of the nucleolus (noo-klee-OH-luss) and the growth of spindle fibers. For 10 points, name this phase of mitosis in which chromatin condenses into chromosomes prior to metaphase.

prophase [accept prophase I; prompt on meiosis until read; prompt on mitosis until "meiosis" is read but do not accept or prompt on it afterwards]

q1995_1

One of this author's characters kills his rival Spitz while working for Francois (frahn-SWAH) and Perrault (pair-OHL).

q1995

One of this author's characters kills his rival Spitz while working for Francois (frahn-SWAH) and Perrault (pair-OHL). Another of his characters is taken to Santa Clara, California, where he saves Judge Scott from a murderer. The central figure of one of his novels avenges the killing of his master Thornton before going on to lead a wolf pack; that figure is the Buck from The Call of the Wild. For 10 points, name this author of White Fang.

Jack {London}

q3332_1

Stomach acid consists mainly of a compound of hydrogen and this element.

q3332

Stomach acid consists mainly of a compound of hydrogen and this element. It is the second-lightest halogen, after fluorine, and at room temperature is a yellow-green gas. Compounds with it, carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine deplete the ozone layer and are called (*) CFCs. It is used in bleach as well as to disinfect swimming pools, and forms table salt along with sodium. For 10 points, name this element, number 17, symbolized Cl.

{Chlorine} or {Cl}

q1531_4

Several "pancake domes" mark the surface of this body, whose other features include the Gula Mons and Sif Mons mountains. The spacecraft Vega 1 and 2 landed on this body. Due to a runaway greenhouse effect, the average surface temperature on this body is over seven hundred degrees Kelvin. For 10 points, name this home of Ishtar Terra, the most similar planet to Earth.

q1531

Several "pancake domes" mark the surface of this body, whose other features include the Gula Mons and Sif Mons mountains. The spacecraft Vega 1 and 2 landed on this body. Due to a runaway greenhouse effect, the average surface temperature on this body is over seven hundred degrees Kelvin. For 10 points, name this home of Ishtar Terra, the most similar planet to Earth.

Venus

q3_1

The winning side of this battle had its main position at Henry House Hill.

q3

The winning side of this battle had its main position at Henry House Hill. The losing side was led by General Irvin McDowell. General Joseph Johnston rushed reinforcements to P. G.T Beauregard at this battle. General Bernard Bee was shot at this battle after proclaiming, "There stands Jackson like a stone wall!" For 10 points, name this first major battle of the Civil War.

{First} Battle of {Bull Run} [or {First} Battle of {Manassas;} prompt on {Bull} Run; prompt on {Manassas}]

q2541_2

When this substance is used, it often leaves behind a liquid with naphthalene and various phenols. The lowest rank of this type of substance, formed from peat, is lignite, while higher grades are classified as anthracite or the bituminous type.

q2541

When this substance is used, it often leaves behind a liquid with naphthalene and various phenols. The lowest rank of this type of substance, formed from peat, is lignite, while higher grades are classified as anthracite or the bituminous type. Plant remains over a long period of time transform into this sedimentary rock. For 10 points, name this substance which is used to generate electricity after it is mined out of the ground.

{coal}

q2365_3

In one novel by this author, Robert Cohn and Jake Barnes both pursue Lady Brett Ashley as they travel through Spain. In another novel by this author, Catherine loves an American soldier fighting in World War I, Frederic Henry. In one of this man's novellas, (*) Santiago goes eighty-four days without catching a fish.

q2365

In one novel by this author, Robert Cohn and Jake Barnes both pursue Lady Brett Ashley as they travel through Spain. In another novel by this author, Catherine loves an American soldier fighting in World War I, Frederic Henry. In one of this man's novellas, (*) Santiago goes eighty-four days without catching a fish. For 10 points, name this author of The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, and The Old Man and the Sea.

Ernest Hemingway

q92_1

The Panspermia theory holds that life first developed on these objects.

q92

The Panspermia theory holds that life first developed on these objects. These objects contain a coma surrounding a nucleus. They originate in the Oort Cloud and Kuiper (KYE-per) Belt, and their dust tails point away from the Sun. They include Shoemaker-Levy 9, which crashed into Jupiter. For 10 points, name these "dirty snowballs," one of which passes by Earth every 76 years and was discovered by Edmond Halley.

comets

q4832_5

This father of Kebechet had a cult centered at Cynopolis. This Egyptian god was associated with the Greek deity Hermes because of their similar roles. His mother is given as either Bast or Nephthys, and he predates one of his potential fathers, Osiris, as god of the underworld. This god weighs the heart of the dead against Ma'at's (MAHT's) feather. For 10 points, identify this jackal-headed Egyptian god of mummification.

q4832

This father of Kebechet had a cult centered at Cynopolis. This Egyptian god was associated with the Greek deity Hermes because of their similar roles. His mother is given as either Bast or Nephthys, and he predates one of his potential fathers, Osiris, as god of the underworld. This god weighs the heart of the dead against Ma'at's (MAHT's) feather. For 10 points, identify this jackal-headed Egyptian god of mummification.

{Anubis} [or {Inpu;} or {Anpu;} or {Anup;} or {Ienpw}]

q813_2

This force allows accelerated rolling motion down an incline by producing a net torque on the object. In general, this nonconservative force is equal to the normal force times mu, its namesake coefficient, and it converts kinetic energy into internal energy.

q813

This force allows accelerated rolling motion down an incline by producing a net torque on the object. In general, this nonconservative force is equal to the normal force times mu, its namesake coefficient, and it converts kinetic energy into internal energy. For a given object, the kinetic variety is less than the static type. For 10 points, name this force between surfaces that opposes the motion of an object.

friction

q4945_2

Ribosome subunits pass through pores in this structure's namesake envelope and are produced in one part of it. In one kind of cloning, this organelle is transferred into an egg that lacks one.

q4945

Ribosome subunits pass through pores in this structure's namesake envelope and are produced in one part of it. In one kind of cloning, this organelle is transferred into an egg that lacks one. The presence of this organelle distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes. This organelle divides in two during mitosis because DNA is found here. For 10 points, name this information processing area of the cell.

nucleus

q1659_2

In one novel, this writer depicted Ratcliffe's impressment of a character who is accused by John Claggart of fomenting a mutiny before being hanged by Edward Fairfax Vere. This writer also wrote about Starbuck, Queequeg (“KWEE-kwaig”), and Ishmael, shipmates on the Pequod dragged into Ahab's obsession with pursuing a white whale.

q1659

In one novel, this writer depicted Ratcliffe's impressment of a character who is accused by John Claggart of fomenting a mutiny before being hanged by Edward Fairfax Vere. This writer also wrote about Starbuck, Queequeg (“KWEE-kwaig”), and Ishmael, shipmates on the Pequod dragged into Ahab's obsession with pursuing a white whale. For 10 points, name this American writer who wrote Billy Budd and Moby Dick.

Herman Melville

q1497_3

The protagonist of this novel suffers a head wound when asking for news from a retreating column. His friend Wilson cares for that head wound after his return to camp, a kindness the protagonist had not shown for the "Tattered Man" and Jim Conklin after they earned the titular mark. For 10 points, identify this novel that follows Henry Fleming as he participates in the Civil War, a work by Stephen Crane.

q1497

The protagonist of this novel suffers a head wound when asking for news from a retreating column. His friend Wilson cares for that head wound after his return to camp, a kindness the protagonist had not shown for the "Tattered Man" and Jim Conklin after they earned the titular mark. For 10 points, identify this novel that follows Henry Fleming as he participates in the Civil War, a work by Stephen Crane.

The Red Badge of Courage

q1833_1

The hormone ethylene causes the abscission of these structures, which have palisade and spongy mesophyll layers.

q1833

The hormone ethylene causes the abscission of these structures, which have palisade and spongy mesophyll layers. Stomata allow these structures to obtain carbon dioxide, and in monocots, they generally have parallel veins. Tendrils and spines are modified types of these structures that usually consist of a petiole and blade. For 10 points, name these flat, green plant structures, the major site of photosynthesis.

leaf [or leaves]

q5790_2

A group of genes coding for lactose breakdown, known as the lac operon, was first discovered in this model organism. Although it is not Shigella, shiga toxins are produced in virulent strains of this organism such as its serotype O157:H7.

q5790

A group of genes coding for lactose breakdown, known as the lac operon, was first discovered in this model organism. Although it is not Shigella, shiga toxins are produced in virulent strains of this organism such as its serotype O157:H7. They colonize the human gut at birth. For 10 points, name these gramnegative bacteria that are a common cause of food poisoning and food recalls.

Escherichia {coli} [prompt on Bacillus coli communis]

q3001_3

This man defeated Caleb Boggs in a 1972 Senate election; the following month his wife and daughter were killed in an accident. In 2013, he and John Lewis led a re-enactment of the Selma civil rights march, and in 2012 he said on national television, "With all due respect, that's a bunch of (*) malarkey." He now heads a Gun Violence Task Force.

q3001

This man defeated Caleb Boggs in a 1972 Senate election; the following month his wife and daughter were killed in an accident. In 2013, he and John Lewis led a re-enactment of the Selma civil rights march, and in 2012 he said on national television, "With all due respect, that's a bunch of (*) malarkey." He now heads a Gun Violence Task Force. For 10 points, name this former Delaware Senator who is currently the Vice President.

({Joseph} Robinette) {\"Joe\" Biden}

q3657_2

The University of Breslau gave this composer of 21 Hungarian Dances an honorary doctorate degree; he returned the favor by composing the Academic Festival Overture. One of his works replaces the Latin text with verses from the Lutheran Bible, and his 1st Symphony is so heavily inspired by (*) Beethoven that it's often called "Beethoven's Tenth."

q3657

The University of Breslau gave this composer of 21 Hungarian Dances an honorary doctorate degree; he returned the favor by composing the Academic Festival Overture. One of his works replaces the Latin text with verses from the Lutheran Bible, and his 1st Symphony is so heavily inspired by (*) Beethoven that it's often called "Beethoven's Tenth." For 10 points, name this composer of A German Requiem and a children's lullaby.

Johannes {Brahms}

q1280_1

This element is the most malleable and ductile metal.

q1280

This element is the most malleable and ductile metal. Like platinum, this metal cannot be dissolved by either hydrochloric or nitric acid alone, but can be dissolved by a mixture known as aqua regia (AH-quah REE-jee-ah). Relativistic effects on its outermost electrons explain its color, which is similar to pyrite. For 10 points, name this precious metal whose Latin name, aurum, gives its atomic symbol, Au.

gold [or Au until mentioned]

q1377_2

A Sanskrit group of these writings is found in the Panchatantra (PAHN-chah-THAN-trah). Marianne Moore translated a collection of these writings by Jean de la Fontaine.

q1377

A Sanskrit group of these writings is found in the Panchatantra (PAHN-chah-THAN-trah). Marianne Moore translated a collection of these writings by Jean de la Fontaine. The Perry Index catalogs ones written by a Greek slave; those include stories about the "Tortoise and the Hare" and "Fox and the Grapes Out of Reach." For 10 points, name these stories that often contain animals and a moral lesson, many of which were written by Aesop.

fables [prompt on tales or stories or similar answers before "stories" is read]

q130_2

This nation's cities include Pleiku in the Central Highlands and the port of Haiphong on the Gulf of Tonkin near the Red River delta. The Mekong River also has its delta in this country, south of Ho Chi Minh City, formerly known as Saigon.

q130

This nation's cities include Pleiku in the Central Highlands and the port of Haiphong on the Gulf of Tonkin near the Red River delta. The Mekong River also has its delta in this country, south of Ho Chi Minh City, formerly known as Saigon. For 10 points, what Southeast Asian nation was divided between "North" and "South" governments during a war that saw the commitment of U.S. troops in 1965?

Socialist Republic of {Vietnam} (or {Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam})

q1455_1

After initiation into the Khalsa (KAHL-sah) in this religion, adherents must wear a wooden comb, known as the "kanga"(KAHN-gah), and a steel bracelet, known as the "kara" (KAH-rah), which are two of the five K's.

q1455

After initiation into the Khalsa (KAHL-sah) in this religion, adherents must wear a wooden comb, known as the "kanga"(KAHN-gah), and a steel bracelet, known as the "kara" (KAH-rah), which are two of the five K's. Arjun (AR-joon) Dev compiled this religion's holy text, the Adi Granth, which contains many of the sayings of the first leader, or guru, of this religion. For 10 points, identify this religion founded by Nanak, whose adherents are mostly found in the Punjab region.

Sikhism

q963_1

While travelling back to his hometown, this man solves a riddle with the answer of “man.”

q963

While travelling back to his hometown, this man solves a riddle with the answer of “man.” He kills his own father over the right-of-way at a crossroads. This man fathers his daughter Antigone (“ann-TIH-go- nee”) by his own mother Jocasta (“joe-CASS-tuh”), fulfilling a prophecy made at his birth. For 10 points, name this title character of plays by Sophocles (“SOFF-oh-clees”), including one in which he is at Colonus (“CALL-oh-nuss”) and one in which he is Rex, or The King.

{Oedipus}

q1481_3

One of these musical works features a harpsichord cadenza that was probably played by J.S. Bach at its premiere. Bela Bartok wrote one of these works for Orchestra. Vivaldi's hundreds of these works include The Four Seasons, and Mozart wrote a (*) double one for flute and harp.

q1481

One of these musical works features a harpsichord cadenza that was probably played by J.S. Bach at its premiere. Bela Bartok wrote one of these works for Orchestra. Vivaldi's hundreds of these works include The Four Seasons, and Mozart wrote a (*) double one for flute and harp. For 10 points, name this type of musical work in which a solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra or other group of supporting instruments.

concerto [accept Brandenburg Concerto(s) before \"Bela Bartok\" is mentioned]

q1143_1

A building in this city contained as many as 17,000 stone seats and a circular proscenium, and an annual festival in this city included a competition between three writers of tragedies and satyr plays.

q1143

A building in this city contained as many as 17,000 stone seats and a circular proscenium, and an annual festival in this city included a competition between three writers of tragedies and satyr plays. Plays such as The Birds and Antigone (ann-TIH-goh-nee) were performed at the annual City Dionysia (dye-oh- NEES-yah) in, for 10 points, what city whose residents included the actor Thespis and the playwrights Aristophanes (air-iss-TAH-fah-neez) and Sophocles?

Athens [or Athenai]

q213_1

Richard Mentor Johnson's political career was helped by the belief that he personally killed this man at the Battle of the Thames (TEMS).

q213

Richard Mentor Johnson's political career was helped by the belief that he personally killed this man at the Battle of the Thames (TEMS). This man helped co-found a settlement in the Indiana Territory where his brother was defeated by William Henry Harrison; that defeat occurred during the Battle of Tippecanoe. For 10 points, name this leader of the Shawnee that attempted to unite all of the Indian tribes in the early 1800's.

Tecumseh [accept Tecumtha; accept Tekamthi]

q662_2

A rebellion in this state for electoral rights was led by Thomas Dorr. The HMS Gaspee was burned off its coast.

q662

A rebellion in this state for electoral rights was led by Thomas Dorr. The HMS Gaspee was burned off its coast. Metacomet's death and the Great Swamp Fight took place in this state, and Samuel Slater established the first American textile mill in its city of Pawtucket. Home to the Narragansett tribe and founded by Roger Williams at (*) Providence, for 10 points, name this state that first declared independence from Britain.

State of {Rhode Island} and {Providence} Plantations

q1503_5

In this play, one character sends Reynoldo to spy on his son. The title character of this play mourns a "fellow of infinite jest," Yorick, in this play's "graveyard scene." The protagonist tells one character to "get thee to a nunnery" before he kills her father, (*) Polonius. That character later drowns and is named Ophelia. One famous scene from this play contains the line "To be or not to be."

q1503

In this play, one character sends Reynoldo to spy on his son. The title character of this play mourns a "fellow of infinite jest," Yorick, in this play's "graveyard scene." The protagonist tells one character to "get thee to a nunnery" before he kills her father, (*) Polonius. That character later drowns and is named Ophelia. One famous scene from this play contains the line "To be or not to be." For 10 points, name this Shakespeare tragedy about the title Prince of Denmark.

Hamlet

q1418_2

This man's ship was saved from destruction after Orpheus used his lyre to drown out the Sirens' singing. This man plowed a field with bronze, fire-breathing bulls and then sowed the teeth of a dragon into that field in order to retrieve an item that was made from the (*) ram that saved Phrixus and Helle.

q1418

This man's ship was saved from destruction after Orpheus used his lyre to drown out the Sirens' singing. This man plowed a field with bronze, fire-breathing bulls and then sowed the teeth of a dragon into that field in order to retrieve an item that was made from the (*) ram that saved Phrixus and Helle. For 10 points, name this lover of Medea who led the Argonauts in the quest for the Golden Fleece.

Jason [or {Iason}]

q175_1

At the end of this story, the title object is revealed to be worth at most five hundred francs.

q175

At the end of this story, the title object is revealed to be worth at most five hundred francs. Monsieur Loisel (“lwa-ZELL”) frantically searched for the title object after a ball, but to no avail. After Mathilde (“muh-TEELD”) loses it, she and her husband take odd jobs to pay off the loans taken out to pay for a replacement. For 10 points, name this Guy de Maupassant (“GHEE deh MO-puh-saunt”) short story about a piece of jewelry.

“The {Necklace}” [or “La {Parure}”]

q702_3

In rotational motion, this quantity can be obtained by taking one half of the moment of inertia times the angular velocity squared. In an elastic collision, both momentum and this quantity are conserved. It equals one half times mass times velocity squared.

q702

In rotational motion, this quantity can be obtained by taking one half of the moment of inertia times the angular velocity squared. In an elastic collision, both momentum and this quantity are conserved. It equals one half times mass times velocity squared. For 10 points, name this energy of objects in motion, contrasted with the potential type.

kinetic energy [accept KE; accept kinetic energy after "energy"]

q1399_3

This person's visit to Fort Bragg caused a stir when the press was denied entry to a book tour for Going Rogue. This person resigned from the position of Governor of the state closest to Russia shortly after a campaign loss in the most recent general election. Tina Fey did a notable impression of, for 10 points, what unsuccessful vice presidential candidate who ran alongside John McCain in 2008?

q1399

This person's visit to Fort Bragg caused a stir when the press was denied entry to a book tour for Going Rogue. This person resigned from the position of Governor of the state closest to Russia shortly after a campaign loss in the most recent general election. Tina Fey did a notable impression of, for 10 points, what unsuccessful vice presidential candidate who ran alongside John McCain in 2008?

Sarah {Palin}

q1401_3

Two people voted for Allen West instead of voting to keep this man in his current position in 2013. Some conservatives accused him of violating the so-called Hastert Rule in 2013 when he allowed votes on Hurricane Sandy relief and the (*) Violence Against Women Act. For 10 points, name this Republican who sat behind President Obama during the State of the Union, the current Speaker of the House.

q1401

Two people voted for Allen West instead of voting to keep this man in his current position in 2013. Some conservatives accused him of violating the so-called Hastert Rule in 2013 when he allowed votes on Hurricane Sandy relief and the (*) Violence Against Women Act. For 10 points, name this Republican who sat behind President Obama during the State of the Union, the current Speaker of the House.

John Boehner [prompt on \"Speaker of the House\" or \"House Speaker\"]

q2549_4

The Aufbau (“OUF-bou”) principle explains how these particles are placed in their “shells.” The discovery of these particles in cathode rays by J.J. Thomson led him to formulate the plum pudding model. The charge on one of these particles is also known as the fundamental charge. In the Bohr model of the atom, these particles orbit the nucleus.

q2549

The Aufbau (“OUF-bou”) principle explains how these particles are placed in their “shells.” The discovery of these particles in cathode rays by J.J. Thomson led him to formulate the plum pudding model. The charge on one of these particles is also known as the fundamental charge. In the Bohr model of the atom, these particles orbit the nucleus. For 10 points, name these negatively charged particles.

{electrons}

q43_5

This state contains the Tongass National Forest and the "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes." The Alexander Archipelago is on one side of its "Inside Passage;" on the other side is this state's panhandle. The Brooks Range is an extension of the Rocky Mountains into this state. This state's city of Wasilla (wuh-SILL-uh) is a suburb of its largest city, Anchorage. For 10 points, name this largest and northernmost U.S. state.

q43

This state contains the Tongass National Forest and the "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes." The Alexander Archipelago is on one side of its "Inside Passage;" on the other side is this state's panhandle. The Brooks Range is an extension of the Rocky Mountains into this state. This state's city of Wasilla (wuh-SILL-uh) is a suburb of its largest city, Anchorage. For 10 points, name this largest and northernmost U.S. state.

Alaska

q2850_1

One figure in this religion wears three wedding bands to symbolize her marriages to Agwe, Dumballah, and Ogoun.

q2850

One figure in this religion wears three wedding bands to symbolize her marriages to Agwe, Dumballah, and Ogoun. In addition to Erzulie, one figure in this religion is represented by a cross over a tomb and is named Ghede. Gods in this religion are called "loa" and this religion's god of the Earth is named Papa Legba.(*) For 10 points, name this religion that originated in Haiti, famous for its namesake dolls.

{Voodoo} [accept {Vodun} or {Vodou} or {Vodoun} or {Vaudou} or {Vaudoux}]

q450_1

Paul Whiteman's band premiered this work at "An Experiment in Modern Music," after which its composer wrote out the solo piano part he'd improvised.

q450

Paul Whiteman's band premiered this work at "An Experiment in Modern Music," after which its composer wrote out the solo piano part he'd improvised. This piece features syncopation inspired by a train ride from New York to Boston, and its opening theme is introduced with a (*) clarinet glissando. United Airlines advertising features, for 10 points, what 1924 work that fused jazz and classical music, composed by George Gershwin?

\"Rhapsody in Blue\"

q1772_1

A cleaning technique often used on jewelry uses this type of wave to produce bubbles.

q1772

A cleaning technique often used on jewelry uses this type of wave to produce bubbles. This type of sound wave has a frequency of 20 kilohertz or (*) higher, just above the range of human hearing. For 10 points, name this frequency range used by bats for echolocation, and by humans to check the health of unborn babies.

ultrasonic frequencies [or ultrasound; prompt on \"sound\" waves or \"longitudinal\" waves before \"sound wave\" is mentioned]

q1884_3

In nerve cells, this process is used to maintain the electrical membrane potential, and this process is also used to load sap into plant phloem. Most animal cells achieve this process with a sodium-potassium pump that is powered by ATP, while (*) phagocytosis of solid particles is another form of it. Used to move substances against the concentration gradient, for 10 points, name this transport process that requires energy.

q1884

In nerve cells, this process is used to maintain the electrical membrane potential, and this process is also used to load sap into plant phloem. Most animal cells achieve this process with a sodium-potassium pump that is powered by ATP, while (*) phagocytosis of solid particles is another form of it. Used to move substances against the concentration gradient, for 10 points, name this transport process that requires energy.

{active} transport

q1284_4

In one work by this author, Georgiana dies after Aylmer manages to remove the title blemish. In another work, the title character witnesses his wife Faith and other townspeople dancing. In his most famous novel, the titular object is worn by Hester Prynne as punishment for committing adultery. For 10 points, name this author of "The Birthmark," "Young Goodman Brown," and The Scarlet Letter.

q1284

In one work by this author, Georgiana dies after Aylmer manages to remove the title blemish. In another work, the title character witnesses his wife Faith and other townspeople dancing. In his most famous novel, the titular object is worn by Hester Prynne as punishment for committing adultery. For 10 points, name this author of "The Birthmark," "Young Goodman Brown," and The Scarlet Letter.

Nathaniel {Hawthorne}

q12393_4

The “straw” form of this practice is unscientific and the “push” form of this is really just a campaign tactic designed to attack an opponent in disguise. Most important to politicians in the midst of a campaign are the “exit” form and “tracking” forms. They require some form of a random sample and carefully worded questions in order to be accurate. For 10 points, what is a survey used to measure public opinion called?

q12393

The “straw” form of this practice is unscientific and the “push” form of this is really just a campaign tactic designed to attack an opponent in disguise. Most important to politicians in the midst of a campaign are the “exit” form and “tracking” forms. They require some form of a random sample and carefully worded questions in order to be accurate. For 10 points, what is a survey used to measure public opinion called?

{polls} [or {polling}]

q7377_3

This nation's breakup was achieved by the actions of Milan Kucan (mee-LAHN koo-CHAHN) and Franjo Tudman (FRAHN-yoh TOOJ-mahn), and led to war crimes charges against Radovan Karadzic (RAH-duh-vahn kuh-RAH-jich) and Slobodan Milosevic (SLOH-buh-dahn muh-LOH-suh-vich). For almost half of its history, Marshal Tito was the leader of this country, part of which became Serbia and Montenegro after both Croatia and Slovenia declared independence. For 10 points, identify this Balkan nation that broke apart in the early 1990s.

q7377

This nation's breakup was achieved by the actions of Milan Kucan (mee-LAHN koo-CHAHN) and Franjo Tudman (FRAHN-yoh TOOJ-mahn), and led to war crimes charges against Radovan Karadzic (RAH-duh-vahn kuh-RAH-jich) and Slobodan Milosevic (SLOH-buh-dahn muh-LOH-suh-vich). For almost half of its history, Marshal Tito was the leader of this country, part of which became Serbia and Montenegro after both Croatia and Slovenia declared independence. For 10 points, identify this Balkan nation that broke apart in the early 1990s.

Yugoslavia

q6926_3

This world leader ordered that people who hide cell phones should be shot, and in February 2013 it was discovered that he uses a Taiwanese HTC phone. A speech he recorded in early 2013 surprised listeners by not calling for US troop withdrawals, though in 2012 he claimed his (*) nuclear missiles could reach the US mainland. For 10 points, name this son of the recently deceased Kim Jong-il, the current Supreme Leader of North Korea.

q6926

This world leader ordered that people who hide cell phones should be shot, and in February 2013 it was discovered that he uses a Taiwanese HTC phone. A speech he recorded in early 2013 surprised listeners by not calling for US troop withdrawals, though in 2012 he claimed his (*) nuclear missiles could reach the US mainland. For 10 points, name this son of the recently deceased Kim Jong-il, the current Supreme Leader of North Korea.

{Kim Jong}-{un} [prompt on partial answer]

q2407_1

The second king of this country, who started the International African Association and worked with Henry Stanley to establish a colony called the Congo Free State, was Leopold II.

q2407

The second king of this country, who started the International African Association and worked with Henry Stanley to establish a colony called the Congo Free State, was Leopold II. During World War I, several battles were fought near its town of Ypres, which is in its (*) Flanders region. This country gained its independence in 1830 from the Netherlands. For 10 points, Walloons and Flemings live in what country whose capital is Brussels?

Kingdom of {Belgium}

q2837_2

His opposition to harsh retaliation after the sinking of the Lusitania caused this politician to resign as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of State. This man argued against Clarence Darrow in the Scopes Monkey Trial.

q2837

His opposition to harsh retaliation after the sinking of the Lusitania caused this politician to resign as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of State. This man argued against Clarence Darrow in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He proclaimed that "you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns" in his (*) "Cross of Gold" speech. For 10 points, name this three-time Democratic presidential nominee, known as The Great Commoner.

William Jennings Bryan

q2277_1

The Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini was written from twenty-four caprices originally written for this instrument.

q2277

The Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini was written from twenty-four caprices originally written for this instrument. Vivaldi's The Four Seasons is a set of concerti (“con-CHAIR-tee”) written for this instrument. Its strings are tuned to perfect fifths, and Stradivarius was a notable luthier (“LOO-thee-er”) of this instrument. For 10 points, name this four-stringed instrument, which is sometimes called the fiddle and which is smaller than the viola.

{violin} [prompt on {fiddle}]

q2710_3

Genes related to this condition include the c-sis and p53 genes. The human papillomavirus (pahp-uh- LOH-muh-veye-ruhs), HPV, can cause one form of this disease, which is known as a sarcoma when it affects connective tissue and a melanoma if affects the skin. Metastasis (muh-TAS-tuh-sis) refers to the spread of this disease to other organs.

q2710

Genes related to this condition include the c-sis and p53 genes. The human papillomavirus (pahp-uh- LOH-muh-veye-ruhs), HPV, can cause one form of this disease, which is known as a sarcoma when it affects connective tissue and a melanoma if affects the skin. Metastasis (muh-TAS-tuh-sis) refers to the spread of this disease to other organs. It is caused by malignant tumors. For 10 points, name this uncontrolled growth of cells often treated with chemotherapy.

cancer

q1506_4

The density parameter for the non-relativistic form of this falls off with the cube of the scale factor. This substance dominated the universe from approximately 75,000 years after the Big-Bang until about 4 billion years ago. Deviations in the expected orbital speed of galaxies suggests the presence of the (*) "dark" form of this. When it has the same mass but opposite charge and spin, it is deemed "anti."

q1506

The density parameter for the non-relativistic form of this falls off with the cube of the scale factor. This substance dominated the universe from approximately 75,000 years after the Big-Bang until about 4 billion years ago. Deviations in the expected orbital speed of galaxies suggests the presence of the (*) "dark" form of this. When it has the same mass but opposite charge and spin, it is deemed "anti." Solid, liquid, and gas are three states of, for 10 points, what term for any substance that occupies space and has mass.

matter

q463_4

This figure's father was struck dumb for his disbelief after being told that his wife Elizabeth would conceive this figure. He taught that “he who hath two coats” should “give to him who hath none.” Salome (“SAL-oh-may”) asked Herod for this figure's head on a platter. He gained his epithet for an action which he performed with water, but another would perform with the Holy Spirit.

q463

This figure's father was struck dumb for his disbelief after being told that his wife Elizabeth would conceive this figure. He taught that “he who hath two coats” should “give to him who hath none.” Salome (“SAL-oh-may”) asked Herod for this figure's head on a platter. He gained his epithet for an action which he performed with water, but another would perform with the Holy Spirit. For 10 points, name this saint who baptized Jesus.

{John} the Baptist

q1562_4

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer can be uniquely represented as a product of these numbers. Special types of these numbers are named after Fermat (“fur-MAHT”) and Mersenne (“mur-SEN”). To find these numbers, one may use the Sieve of Eratosthenes (air-uh-TOSS- then-eez”), in which one crosses off all multiples of two, then all multiples of three, and so on. For 10 points, give these numbers whose only factors are one and themselves.

q1562

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer can be uniquely represented as a product of these numbers. Special types of these numbers are named after Fermat (“fur-MAHT”) and Mersenne (“mur-SEN”). To find these numbers, one may use the Sieve of Eratosthenes (air-uh-TOSS- then-eez”), in which one crosses off all multiples of two, then all multiples of three, and so on. For 10 points, give these numbers whose only factors are one and themselves.

{prime} numbers [or {primes}]

q832_1

This text was written down by Sahabas (sah-HAH-bahs) after the death of the leader that received it.

q832

This text was written down by Sahabas (sah-HAH-bahs) after the death of the leader that received it. The clarification of the meaning and significance of this document is the practice of tafsir (TAHFSEER). Its hundred and fourteen chapters are called suras (soor-AHS). It literally means "the recitation" and is said to have been revealed by Gabriel to Muhammad. For 10 points, what "divinely ordained" religious text is sacred to Muslims?

Qur'an [or Koran]

q3390_2

The Diprotodon was the largest member of this taxonomic group known to exist, while its last big carnivore, the thylacine, went extinct in the Hobart Zoo. Burrowers in this infraclass, such as wombats, have a namesake feature opening to the rear.

q3390

The Diprotodon was the largest member of this taxonomic group known to exist, while its last big carnivore, the thylacine, went extinct in the Hobart Zoo. Burrowers in this infraclass, such as wombats, have a namesake feature opening to the rear. Its only North American species is the opossum. For 10 points, name this mammal group that gives birth to tiny young and rears them in an external pouch, as seen in the kangaroo.

{Marsupial} [or {Marsupialia}]

q874_1

This artwork was painted over a previous decoration of gold stars on a blue sky.

q874

This artwork was painted over a previous decoration of gold stars on a blue sky. Sibyls and Prophets surround its nine central panels, which depict scenes from the Book of Genesis. This painting's bestknown section shows a man reaching out and almost touching fingers with God. The artist stood on a scaffold to paint, for 10 points, what large fresco that includes The Creation of Adam, a work of Michelangelo?

{ceiling} of the {Sistine Chapel} [prompt on {Sistine Chapel}]

q60_3

This country was officially recognized in the Lateran Treaties of 1929. It has extraterritorial authority over Castel Gandolfo. Places of interest in this country include the Sistine Chapel and Saint Peter's Square and Basilica.

q60

This country was officially recognized in the Lateran Treaties of 1929. It has extraterritorial authority over Castel Gandolfo. Places of interest in this country include the Sistine Chapel and Saint Peter's Square and Basilica. Voting in this country is restricted to Cardinals under eighty years old. For 10 points, name this world's smallest country located entirely within the city of Rome.

State of the {Vatican City} [accept {Holy See;} accept {Santa Sede;} accept {Stato della Citta} del {Vaticano}]

q864_1

In April 2011 this country announced it was "for rent," eight years after its Head of State, Hans Adam II, joked about selling it to Bill Gates and renaming it Microsoft.

q864

In April 2011 this country announced it was "for rent," eight years after its Head of State, Hans Adam II, joked about selling it to Bill Gates and renaming it Microsoft. This nation and Uzbekistan are the only double-landlocked countries in the world, and it is the wealthiest per capita German-speaking country. For 10 points, name this principality between Switzerland and Austria with capital Vaduz (vah-DOOZ).

Principality of {Liechtenstein} [or {Fuerstentum Liechtenstein}]

q2050_4

One character in this book describes himself as the "shortest giant" and "tallest midget." The protagonist is instructed to follow a line forever and then turn left to find infinity. The protagonist is accompanied by Tock and the Humbug in a quest to rescue Rhyme and Reason from the Castle in the Air. (*) For 10 points, name this Norton Juster novel about Milo, who drives his toy car through the title object.

q2050

One character in this book describes himself as the "shortest giant" and "tallest midget." The protagonist is instructed to follow a line forever and then turn left to find infinity. The protagonist is accompanied by Tock and the Humbug in a quest to rescue Rhyme and Reason from the Castle in the Air. (*) For 10 points, name this Norton Juster novel about Milo, who drives his toy car through the title object.

The Phantom Tollbooth

q1719_4

In this state in 2013, researchers announced that they had cured a two-year-old girl of HIV. Marco McMillan, one of its towns' mayoral candidates who was openly homosexual, was found murdered in February 2013. Also in 2013, this state finally (*) ratified the 13th Amendment banning slavery. For 10 points, name this state with military bases at Gulfport and Biloxi whose capital is Jackson.

q1719

In this state in 2013, researchers announced that they had cured a two-year-old girl of HIV. Marco McMillan, one of its towns' mayoral candidates who was openly homosexual, was found murdered in February 2013. Also in 2013, this state finally (*) ratified the 13th Amendment banning slavery. For 10 points, name this state with military bases at Gulfport and Biloxi whose capital is Jackson.

Mississippi

q354_3

One famous work for this instrument is Caprice No. 24 by Paganini (pag-uh-NEE-nee). In Berlioz's (BER-lee-ohz) Symphonie Fantastique (fan-tas-TEEK), a head bouncing from a guillotine is depicted by this instrument playing pizzicato (PITZ-ee-KAH-toe). The concertmaster of an orchestra is the first chair of this instrument, several of which were crafted by Stradivarius.

q354

One famous work for this instrument is Caprice No. 24 by Paganini (pag-uh-NEE-nee). In Berlioz's (BER-lee-ohz) Symphonie Fantastique (fan-tas-TEEK), a head bouncing from a guillotine is depicted by this instrument playing pizzicato (PITZ-ee-KAH-toe). The concertmaster of an orchestra is the first chair of this instrument, several of which were crafted by Stradivarius. For 10 points, name this string instrument higher in pitch than a viola.

violin

q3310_1

This artist referenced his sister's tuberculosis in his The Sick Child, part of a series called The Frieze of Life.

q3310

This artist referenced his sister's tuberculosis in his The Sick Child, part of a series called The Frieze of Life. His best-known painting, which is set on a bridge, has a red sky potentially inspired by the volcanic eruption of Krakatoa; the main figure of that painting is shown with his (*) mouth ajar as he puts his hands to his face. For 10 points, name this Norwegian painter of The Scream.

Edvard {Munch} [MOONK]

q3131_3

The period of a spring is given by two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant. Heat transfer is equal to the specific heat times the change in temperature times this quantity. A "rest" type is multiplied by the square of the speed of light to give energy.

q3131

The period of a spring is given by two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant. Heat transfer is equal to the specific heat times the change in temperature times this quantity. A "rest" type is multiplied by the square of the speed of light to give energy. For 10 points, name this quantity that is the "m" in "E equals m c squared."

{mass} [accept {inertia} before \"m\" is read; prompt on m before mentioned]

q5093_4

The uniform probability distribution takes this shape. Rotating this shape using one of its sides as an axis yields a cylinder. This shape is traced out by the x-axis, the y-axis, and the equations x equals two and y equals six. Each diagonal of this kind of quadrilateral divides it into two congruent right triangles.

q5093

The uniform probability distribution takes this shape. Rotating this shape using one of its sides as an axis yields a cylinder. This shape is traced out by the x-axis, the y-axis, and the equations x equals two and y equals six. Each diagonal of this kind of quadrilateral divides it into two congruent right triangles. For 10 points, give this shape that has four right angles.

{rectangles} [do not accept or prompt on "square"]

q874_4

This artwork was painted over a previous decoration of gold stars on a blue sky. Sibyls and Prophets surround its nine central panels, which depict scenes from the Book of Genesis. This painting's bestknown section shows a man reaching out and almost touching fingers with God. The artist stood on a scaffold to paint, for 10 points, what large fresco that includes The Creation of Adam, a work of Michelangelo?

q874

This artwork was painted over a previous decoration of gold stars on a blue sky. Sibyls and Prophets surround its nine central panels, which depict scenes from the Book of Genesis. This painting's bestknown section shows a man reaching out and almost touching fingers with God. The artist stood on a scaffold to paint, for 10 points, what large fresco that includes The Creation of Adam, a work of Michelangelo?

{ceiling} of the {Sistine Chapel} [prompt on {Sistine Chapel}]

q4816_5

These objects are often responsible for the formation of "rock flour." When these objects retreat, they often create eskers and drumlins and leave moraines. They often create "v" and "u" shaped (*) valleys along with fjords. When these objects break apart, they form icebergs and can create large crevasses in their surface. For 10 points, name these large bodies of moving ice.

q4816

These objects are often responsible for the formation of "rock flour." When these objects retreat, they often create eskers and drumlins and leave moraines. They often create "v" and "u" shaped (*) valleys along with fjords. When these objects break apart, they form icebergs and can create large crevasses in their surface. For 10 points, name these large bodies of moving ice.

glaciers

q32_1

When one of this state's senators, Mel Martinez, did not seek reelection, George LeMieux (leh-MEW) was appointed to that position.

q32

When one of this state's senators, Mel Martinez, did not seek reelection, George LeMieux (leh-MEW) was appointed to that position. In 2010, a three-way race for that seat involved former Republican governor Charlie Crist, who ran as an Independent, and eventual winner Marco Rubio. For 10 points, name this state whose vote-counting procedures created controversy during the 2000 presidential election.

Florida

q1571_3

A pressure associated with this process is a colligative (“co-LIG-uh-tiv”) property proportional to mass and temperature, and is defined as the hydrostatic (“HY-dro-STAT-ick”) pressure necessary to counteract this process. A “reverse” form of this process is sometimes used to purify water. For 10 points, name this movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

q1571

A pressure associated with this process is a colligative (“co-LIG-uh-tiv”) property proportional to mass and temperature, and is defined as the hydrostatic (“HY-dro-STAT-ick”) pressure necessary to counteract this process. A “reverse” form of this process is sometimes used to purify water. For 10 points, name this movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

{osmosis} [prompt on {diffusion}]

q2005_4

This country's northwest is home to the Islamic Uighur (WEE-gur) people. The leader of another religion from this country described the "Five Great Relationships" and listed virtues like "reciprocity" and "culture" in one of the "Four Books." Adherents of a third religion from this country follow the practice of "no action," or wu wei. For 10 points, identify this country home to Confucianism and Daoism.

q2005

This country's northwest is home to the Islamic Uighur (WEE-gur) people. The leader of another religion from this country described the "Five Great Relationships" and listed virtues like "reciprocity" and "culture" in one of the "Four Books." Adherents of a third religion from this country follow the practice of "no action," or wu wei. For 10 points, identify this country home to Confucianism and Daoism.

{China} [or {People's Republic} of {China;} do not accept or prompt on "Republic of China"]

q2565_2

During this battle, Senlac Hill was the site of a defensive position set up by housecarls. The losing side's forces had been weakened in a previous battle against Harold Hardrada at Stamford Bridge.

q2565

During this battle, Senlac Hill was the site of a defensive position set up by housecarls. The losing side's forces had been weakened in a previous battle against Harold Hardrada at Stamford Bridge. The winning side's commander claimed to be the rightful successor to Edward the Confessor. King (*) Harold Godwinson was killed during this battle. For 10 points, name this 1066 battle in which William of Normandy conquered England.

Battle of Hastings

q992_2

This person from Gath defied the armies of Israel, demanding a fight to the death with one person under the condition that the winner's side would enslave the loser's side. He is finally challenged in the book of First Samuel Chapter 17 by the son of (*) Jesse, who was then a servant to Saul.

q992

This person from Gath defied the armies of Israel, demanding a fight to the death with one person under the condition that the winner's side would enslave the loser's side. He is finally challenged in the book of First Samuel Chapter 17 by the son of (*) Jesse, who was then a servant to Saul. For 10 points, name this large Philistine who is beheaded after being hit in the forehead by a stone from David's slingshot.

Goliath

q7377_2

This nation's breakup was achieved by the actions of Milan Kucan (mee-LAHN koo-CHAHN) and Franjo Tudman (FRAHN-yoh TOOJ-mahn), and led to war crimes charges against Radovan Karadzic (RAH-duh-vahn kuh-RAH-jich) and Slobodan Milosevic (SLOH-buh-dahn muh-LOH-suh-vich). For almost half of its history, Marshal Tito was the leader of this country, part of which became Serbia and Montenegro after both Croatia and Slovenia declared independence.

q7377

This nation's breakup was achieved by the actions of Milan Kucan (mee-LAHN koo-CHAHN) and Franjo Tudman (FRAHN-yoh TOOJ-mahn), and led to war crimes charges against Radovan Karadzic (RAH-duh-vahn kuh-RAH-jich) and Slobodan Milosevic (SLOH-buh-dahn muh-LOH-suh-vich). For almost half of its history, Marshal Tito was the leader of this country, part of which became Serbia and Montenegro after both Croatia and Slovenia declared independence. For 10 points, identify this Balkan nation that broke apart in the early 1990s.

Yugoslavia

q194_5

After this god's son brought Hippolytus back to life, Asclepius was killed by Zeus. Along with his sister, he killed Niobe's seven sons. He slew the dragon Python and established the Oracle of Delphi at the place where it died. This son of Leto pursued the nymph (*) Daphne, only for her to turn into a laurel tree. For 10 points, name this Greek god of archery, music, and light whose twin sister was Artemis.

q194

After this god's son brought Hippolytus back to life, Asclepius was killed by Zeus. Along with his sister, he killed Niobe's seven sons. He slew the dragon Python and established the Oracle of Delphi at the place where it died. This son of Leto pursued the nymph (*) Daphne, only for her to turn into a laurel tree. For 10 points, name this Greek god of archery, music, and light whose twin sister was Artemis.

Apollo

q3032_3

This politician responded to Francois Barbe-Marbois in his Notes on the State of Virginia. This man founded the University of Virginia and designed the mansion of Monticello.. This president sent the Lewis and Clark expedition and authorized the (*) Louisiana Purchase.

q3032

This politician responded to Francois Barbe-Marbois in his Notes on the State of Virginia. This man founded the University of Virginia and designed the mansion of Monticello.. This president sent the Lewis and Clark expedition and authorized the (*) Louisiana Purchase. He was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. For 10 points, name this third president of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson

q3127_5

The density of this quantity is equal to electrical field times conductivity. The integral of the magnetic field is proportional to this quantity by Ampere's Law. For a diode, this is proportional to the exponential voltage. Ohm's Law states that voltage is equal to this quantity times resistance. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in amperes, the amount of charge flowing through a point over time.

q3127

The density of this quantity is equal to electrical field times conductivity. The integral of the magnetic field is proportional to this quantity by Ampere's Law. For a diode, this is proportional to the exponential voltage. Ohm's Law states that voltage is equal to this quantity times resistance. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in amperes, the amount of charge flowing through a point over time.

{current} [or {I}]

q1922_1

This man was the first to institute retirement and disability benefits.

q1922

This man was the first to institute retirement and disability benefits. This man instituted the May Laws as part of his anti-Catholic program, kulturkampf (KOOL-toor-kahmf). He manipulated the Schleswig- Holstein (SHLESS-vig HOLE-styne) question into war with Austria and doctored the Ems Telegram to instigate an 1870 war with France. For 10 points, name this "Iron Chancellor" of Prussia and Germany from 1862 to 1890.

Otto von Bismarck

q3203_3

The trial in this novel is presided over by Lucas de Beaumanoir. One character in this novel, Brian de Bois-Gilbert, captures the daughter of Isaac of York named Rebecca. Athelstane disclaims the daughter of Cedric the Saxon named Lady Rowena, who marries the title character at the end of this novel.

q3203

The trial in this novel is presided over by Lucas de Beaumanoir. One character in this novel, Brian de Bois-Gilbert, captures the daughter of Isaac of York named Rebecca. Athelstane disclaims the daughter of Cedric the Saxon named Lady Rowena, who marries the title character at the end of this novel. For 10 points, name this work of historical fiction depicting the chivalrous Wilfred, written by Walter Scott.

Ivanhoe

q1633_3

During the seventh of these events, King Louis IX of France was captured in the Nile Delta. The fourth one was diverted to Constantinople with the help of the Doge of Venice. At the Council of Clermont (“Claremont”), Pope Urban II called for the first one, which recaptured Jerusalem in 1099.

q1633

During the seventh of these events, King Louis IX of France was captured in the Nile Delta. The fourth one was diverted to Constantinople with the help of the Doge of Venice. At the Council of Clermont (“Claremont”), Pope Urban II called for the first one, which recaptured Jerusalem in 1099. For 10 points, what medieval military campaigns saw Christian knights try to conquer the Holy Land?

{Crusades}

q3116_2

In this work, a floating female carries a flame lit lamp and a soldier is clutching a broken sword from where a flower is growing. This work also has a distraught horse in the background and a bull standing over a woman, who is grieving over a dead child.

q3116

In this work, a floating female carries a flame lit lamp and a soldier is clutching a broken sword from where a flower is growing. This work also has a distraught horse in the background and a bull standing over a woman, who is grieving over a dead child. For 10 points, name this work by Pablo Picasso created to bring world notice to the bombings during the Spanish Civil War.

Guernica

q5040_1

This type of respiration takes place when limited oxygen is available.

q5040

This type of respiration takes place when limited oxygen is available. It is used to make sauerkraut, kimchi, and yogurt, and can be carried out by (*) microorganisms such as yeast. For 10 points, name this process in which sugars are converted into ethanol, examples of which include the conversion of grapes to wine and wheat to beer.

{fermentation} [accept word forms; prompt on {\"anaerobic\" respiration}]

q1708_2

At the end of this novel, one character briefly reunites with her mother Gudule (“guh-DOOL”). Also at the end of this novel, Fleur-de-lys (“FLEWER-de-lee”) marries that character's lover Phoebus de Chateaupers (“FEE-bus deh SHAT-oh-per”).

q1708

At the end of this novel, one character briefly reunites with her mother Gudule (“guh-DOOL”). Also at the end of this novel, Fleur-de-lys (“FLEWER-de-lee”) marries that character's lover Phoebus de Chateaupers (“FEE-bus deh SHAT-oh-per”). For 10 points, name this French novel depicting the lovely gypsy Esmeralda and the title character Quasimodo, characters created by Victor Hugo.

The {Hunchback of Notre Dame}

q1801_2

A dog barks at a drummer in the lower left of this painting. One of the two central figures is dressed in bright yellow, matching the girl with the chicken in her belt.

q1801

A dog barks at a drummer in the lower left of this painting. One of the two central figures is dressed in bright yellow, matching the girl with the chicken in her belt. The other is in black with a white collar a red sash across his chest. After restoration, it was revealed that this painting did not actually depict an evening scene. For 10 points, name this work depicting a Dutch militia by Rembrandt.

The {Nightwatch} [or De {Nachtwacht} ; or The {Shooting Company} of Captain Franz Banning

q10272_3

In this film, a priest's rhotacism causes him to pronounce the word "marriage" incorrectly. One character lists two classic blunders, getting involved in a land war in Asia, and having a battle of wits with a Sicilian. The main character later reveals his identity while rolling down a hill by saying, (*) "As you wish."

q10272

In this film, a priest's rhotacism causes him to pronounce the word "marriage" incorrectly. One character lists two classic blunders, getting involved in a land war in Asia, and having a battle of wits with a Sicilian. The main character later reveals his identity while rolling down a hill by saying, (*) "As you wish." For 10 points, name this comedic fantasy film in which Westley rescues the title character, Buttercup.

The Princess Bride

q1681_4

One of the title characters in this story tells his father he is looking back at his white cat sitting on the roof. In this story, the stepmother plans to leave the title characters in the forest. This ends with the title characters going home after shoving an old (*) woman in an oven. For 10 points, name this Brothers Grimm story about siblings who find a house made of bread, cake, and sugar.

q1681

One of the title characters in this story tells his father he is looking back at his white cat sitting on the roof. In this story, the stepmother plans to leave the title characters in the forest. This ends with the title characters going home after shoving an old (*) woman in an oven. For 10 points, name this Brothers Grimm story about siblings who find a house made of bread, cake, and sugar.

\"Hansel and Gretel\" [or \"Hansel und Gretel\"]

q1770_3

One character in this play states, "Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player." Minor characters in this play include the thanes Ross and Lennox. The title character begins this play as the Thane of Glamis ["glahmz"].

q1770

One character in this play states, "Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player." Minor characters in this play include the thanes Ross and Lennox. The title character begins this play as the Thane of Glamis ["glahmz"]. (*) Banquo and Fleance also appear in, for 10 points, what play by Shakespeare about a Scottish lord?

Macbeth

q264_4

In 2011 this country and a country it almost entirely surrounds agreed to an exchange of border enclaves. Cuisine from this country includes the "tandoori" style of cooking and the use of curry. The Arabian Sea is to this country's west; to its east lies the Bay of Bengal. For 10 points, name this country that nearly surrounds Bangladesh and disputes the Kashmir and Punjab regions with Pakistan.

q264

In 2011 this country and a country it almost entirely surrounds agreed to an exchange of border enclaves. Cuisine from this country includes the "tandoori" style of cooking and the use of curry. The Arabian Sea is to this country's west; to its east lies the Bay of Bengal. For 10 points, name this country that nearly surrounds Bangladesh and disputes the Kashmir and Punjab regions with Pakistan.

Republic of {India}

q1128_2

One character in this work is demoted upon releasing his female prisoner; he later returns a gold coin to its owner. That character professes his love to his ex-prisoner in the "Flower Song, who is also serenaded in the bullfighter Escamillo's (ESS-kah-MEE-yo's) "Toreador Song."

q1128

One character in this work is demoted upon releasing his female prisoner; he later returns a gold coin to its owner. That character professes his love to his ex-prisoner in the "Flower Song, who is also serenaded in the bullfighter Escamillo's (ESS-kah-MEE-yo's) "Toreador Song." The singer of the "Habanera" (HAH-bahn-YAY-ruh) is stabbed by Don José in, for 10 points, what opera about a Spanish gypsy girl by Georges Bizet?

Carmen