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This surplus is to be set off against the cost of the capital works specified in the scheme, and the balance of the reasonable costs of the works outstanding upon the termination of the order will remain a charge upon the house. The right to possession of furniture included in any letting or lodging in the house will vest in the local authority, but it may renounce this right. Anyone with an interest in a house in respect of which a control order is trade may appeal to the County Court on the grounds that the order is unnecessary or that it is defective "in law. Appeals may also be made against the local authority's scheme on the grounds that it is too elaborate or expensive, that the limit on the number of individuals or households permitted to live in the house is unreasonably low, or that the "settled surplus" is too low. If any order is revoked, the Courts may allow the local authority to recover from rents already collected or, as a charge upon the house, the cost of work already carried out.
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An order expires after five years if it is not revoked sooner. Part V - Miscellaneous and General Part V deals with aluminium houses and amendments to the Clean Air Act. Clauses 92 to 9^ provide for compensation to be paid for type "B2" aluminium houses owned by local authorities and development corporations which are irreparably damaged by corrosion, for their demolition, and for payment by the Minister for the repair of type "BL8" aluminium houses. -47- Clause 95 amends the provisions of the Clean Air Act, 1956 about the grant payable when smoke control areas are established. It extends eligibility for grant to dwellings built between the passing of that Act and the l6th August, 1964 where it is necessary to replace open grates by other appliances. The Clause also gives local authorities and the Exchequer a wider discretion as to the expenditure to be taken into account for grant purposes. Hitherto grant has only been payable on the provision of gas or electric ignition appliances where this involved "works".
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This Clause now makes the provision of gas, electric or other special means of ignition eligible for grant in all cases. Grant may be withheld for the installation of any appliances which would impose undue strain upon "uhe fuel resources available for the area. Clause 96 empowers a local authority to make a grant toward the cost of the provision of a separate service pipe for a house which has a piped supply of water from a water main but no separate service pipe. Clause 97 increases from £3 to £8 per year the grant the Minister may make to local authorities to repair unfit houses owned by them so as to prolong their useful life as temporary accommodation. SLUM CLEARANCE AREAS The following Borough Council Clearance Areas were confirmed by the Minister of Housing and Local Government during the year:- Area Date of Confirmation Elmley Street (No.
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l) Area (comprising 42 houses) 3-9(odd) and 13-31(odd) Elmley Street; 1,3,29,31, 2-12(even) and 16-30(even) Southport Road. 67-76(cons.) Walmer Terrace. 1st September, 1964 Elmley Street (No. 2) Area (comprising 4 houses) 43-49(odd) Elmley Street. 1st September, 1964 Elmley Street (No. 3) Area (comprising 9 houses) 45-6l(odd) Glyndon Road. 1st September, 1964 -48- Both these Areas constitute part of the Council's Glyndon Redevelopment Area. They are in an area zoned for residential purposes. The Council had, following my earlier representation that the properties were unfit for human habitation, made a Clearance Order in respect of l-4(cons.)
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Taylor's Buildings, Spray Street, S.E.18. Confirmation of-the Order was received by the Minister of Housing and Local Government on the 27th April, 1964. CLEAN AIR Further progress was made in 1964 towards bringing the whole of the Borough under Smoke Control by the declaration of further Smoke Control Areas. At the end of 1964 there were 20 Areas in operation. The following Areas, details of which have been previously reported, are now in operation:- St. Mary's Clothworkers Wood St. Mary's No. 2 Coldharbour St. Mary's No. 3 New Eltham St. Mary's No. 4 Garrison North Abbey Wood Glyndon Abbey Wood (Abbey Estate) Glyndon No. 2 Abbey Wood No. 2 Horn Park Abbey Wood No.
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3 Rockmount Middle Park (North East) Eltham Middle Park (South West) Well Hall The total acreage of these Areas is 4,983 acres with over 29j700 dwellings subject to Smoke Control. With the addition of the Shooters Hill and Glyndon No. 3 Smoke Control Areas declared during the year, of which details are set out below, over 34,000 dwellings are within Smoke Control Areas. Details of all the individual areas are set out In Table No. 10 and the accompanying map. SHOOTERS HILL This is a large area of predominantly private property. It comprises 480 acres, and 4,360 dwellings. Of the total number 138 are Borough Council permanent dwellings and 110 temporary dwellings, 647 are London County Council permanent dwellings, 34 Crown properties, the remainder being privately owned. -49- -50- TABLE NO. 10 - SMOKE CONTROL AREAS Map Ref. No.
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Name of Area Size (Acres) Premises Date of Declaration Order Confirmed Operative Date 1. St. Mary's 26 595 30.10.57 13.3.58 1.10.58 2. Abbey Wood (Abbey Estate) 202 2,515 29. 1.58 8.5.58 1.11.58 3. Abbey Wood 157 1,251 30.10.57 4.7.58 1.10.59 4. Middle Park (North East) 163 1,122 30.10.57 9.12.58 1.10.60 5. Middle Park (South West) 100 722 6. Abbey Wood No. 2 78 1,150 4.9.59 15.2.60 1.10.60 7.
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Clothworkers Wood 260 1,868 4.9.59 15.2.60 1.10.60 8. Coldharbour 350 2,806 22.7.60 18.10.60 1.10.61 9. Abbey Wood No. 3 380 1,973 22.7.60 18.10.60 1.10.61 10. St. Mary's No. 2 26 596 26.10.60 29.3.61 1.10.61 11. St. Mary's No. 3 12 In course of construction 26.10.60 18.4.61 1.11.61 12. New Eltham 380 1,916 31.5.61 22.11.61 1.10.62 13.
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Horn Park 454 2,359 31.5.61 22.11.61 1.12.62 14. Garrison North 260 350 31.5.61 7.11.61 1.10.62 15. Glyndon 6 250 1.11.61 1.2.62 1.10.62 16. Eltham 1,550 5,325 4.7.62 9.11.62 1.10.63 17. St. Mary's No. 4 8 191 24.10.62 31.1.63 1.10.63 18. Glyndon No. 2 26 390 24.10.62 31.1.63 1.10.63 19. Rockmount 5 253 24.10.62 31.1.63 1.10.63 20.
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Well Hall 540 4,136 3.7.63 25.11.63 1.10.64 21. Shooters Hill 480 4,360 1.7.64 5.11.64 1.12.65 22. Glyndon No. 3 6 221 1.7.64 5.11.64 1.1O.65 METROPOLITAN BOROUGH OF WOOLWICH SMOKE CONTROL AREAS, Included in this Area are 88 shops, offices and other nondomestic buildings, and 1 factory. It is estimated that 75% of the dwellings require some form of conversion to the fires. It is anticipated that the operative date will be 1st December, 1965. GLYNDON NO. 3 This Area incorporates the third phase of the Council's Glyndon Redevelopment Scheme. It comprises 6 acres; 220 Borough Council dwellings are to be erected.
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Therefore, there will be no cost for conversion. It is anticipated that the operative date will be 1st October, 1965. NEW AREAS During 1964 preliminary work was commenced upon a further large area to the north of the Shooters Hill Area, to be known as the Plumstead Smoke Control Area. This Area comprises approximately 4,000 private properties. Prior to the amalgamation with the Borough of Greenwich the Council's target date for the whole Borough to become smokeless is 1968. PAYMENT OF GRANT A Circular (No. 46/64) was issued during 1964 by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government drawing attention to Section 95 of the Housing Act, 1964 which amended the Clean Air Act, 1956 in certain respects affecting payment of grant. This section of the Act became operative on the l6th August, 1964.
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It amended the Clean Air Act so as to enable local authorities to exercise a discretion in the payment of grant in respect of work carried out after formal declaration of the Order by the Council but before confirmation of the Order by the Minister. Such grants are not payable unless and until the Order is so confirmed. In addition, work carried out at the appropriate time but without prior knowledge of the Council can rank for grant. This facility has removed one of the bigger difficulties which from time to time caused a deterioration in relations between the Council and residents in Smoke Control Areas. -52- This Housing Act also permits payment of grant towards means of ignition, whether or not fixtures or works are involved. Hitherto, grant has been payable on ignition costs only when works were involved, CONVERSION COSTS The increase in the popularity of Gas Fires and the higher grant available for this type of appliance, and for the installation of Room Heaters, resulted in a considerable increase in applications for grants.
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The Well Hall Smoke Control Area which became operative in October 1964 was the first Area in which the increased grant aid was available. Prior to this Area the Council had been restricted to the approval of a maximum of £5. 0. Od. irrespective of the type of appliance being chosen. After lengthy discussions with the Ministry the increased level of expenditure was raised to £20. 0. Od. in respect of a gas fire and comparable prices were fixed for other improved appliances. In the Well Hall Smoke Control Area it was estimated that 3,000 dwellings required conversion work to be carried out. During 1964 the Council received 2,535 applications for approval of installation of appliances. The total cost of works carried out during the year amounted to £63,865.12. Od. Of the sum, £42,636. 9. 5d. was eligible for 7/10ths grant. Grants paid totalled £29,845. 10.
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2d. HARDSHIP CASES The Clean Air Act gives the Council discretion to pay a greater than 7/10ths grant, where it considers this to be reasonable, to cover cases of financial hardship. The Council decided to pay the whole cost of reasonable works of conversion in the case of applications for owner/occupiers who are receiving retirement pensions and who are also in receipt of National Assistance. Twenty such payments were made during the year. In addition, six payments were made in respect of retirement pensioners who, although eligible, had not applied for National Assistance. -53- SUBSCRIPTIONS The Council continued to support the work of the National Society for Clean Air, and the London and Home Counties Clean Air Advisory Council. PUBLICITY In addition to the legal requirements as to publicity, the Council continued to notify residents by individual letters of every stage of the formation of a Smoke Control Area. Every effort is made to ensure that all households are acquainted with the various stages through which the Smoke Control Order passes.
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As is the Council's usual practice, a Public Meeting was held after the confirmation of the Well Hall Smoke Control Area. Residents were able to meet and discuss their problems with members and officers of the Council. Local fuel suppliers and representatives of the London Electricity Board and South Eastern Gas Board attended to answer enquiries from the audience and to provide displays of appliances. This meeting was very well attended. The Council's staff visited many properties within the Area at the request of residents, to advise and assess degree of works necessary to conform to the requirements of the Order. HEALTH EDUCATION The health education service again had a profitable year. The various channels of propaganda, information, guidance and exhortation were fully utilised both for continuous low-level publicity and specific campaigns. The high spot of the year was a combined home and road safety exhibition held for one week in the autumn, which enjoyed a large attendance and was instrumental in focusing the attention of residents on these twin problems.
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FILM SHOWS AND TALKS Response to the circular letter to local organisations offering this service continued to be high. Although the number of visits (125) show a slight drop on the peak year of 1965 this total is still well above previous years. As in the -54- past average audience figures remained at the same level with the usual variation from group to group. Pensioners organisations still continue to muster the maximum audiences. A feature of this year is that talks or talks with films have together exceeded programmes devoted entirely to films. This is a natural development of a trend noted in past years for increasing demand in this type of programme. As the option of the programme rests with the organisation concerned it is apparent that this trend is universal and may herald the saturation point of audiences by television of purely visual media. Letters of appreciation received show the value of this service in putting across the many aims of health education to the public.
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The Department is fortunate in having a number of members of the staff able and willing to speak on aspects of their work, and the increasing role of the informal talk is silent tribute to this ability. The triad of talks, talks v/ith films or films alone, is a well proven aid and has contributed much to the health consciousness of the residents of this Borough. Summary of Local Organisation Visits TABLE 11 Subject No.
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of Sessions Talks Films Both Total Home Safety 19 16 14 49 Smoking and Health - 2 - 2 Smoke Control 1 2 1 4 Clean Water and Sanitation - 3 3 6 Infectious Disease and Hygine 6 3 1 10 Old People's Welfare 3 2 4 9 Food 4 4 4 12 Others 1 20 12 33 34 52 39 125 -55- TABLE 12 Organisation Daytime Evening Total Audience Religious 19 16 35 1,245 Old People 7 - 7 870 Political 17 9 26 830 Others 25 32 57 2,730 68 57 125 5,675 PUBLICITY, LEAFLETS AND LITERATURE As in past years the continuous dissemination of informative and advisory literature has continued throughout 1964 through a number of channels.
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Public enquiry points, libraries, baths, visits to local organisations, local chambers of commerce, routine visits by staff are examples of those in regular use. The monthly magazine "Better Health" is distributed to local factory and workshop canteens and rest rooms, to doctors and dentists waiting rooms, and advantage is taken of this monthly distribution to include other material of topical interest. Posters on topical subjects are displayed on Council premises, the Department's transport and on railway sites hired by the Department. Through the courtesey of the Road Safety Committee some 40 sites throughout the Borough are used from time to time to spotlight specific campaigns. FOULING BY DOGS - WARNING NOTICES The demand for these notices increases each year, showing that their use in a road does result in a lessening of this problem. In view of the success of the scheme further stocks of the notices have been procured in order that the roads having a constant problem in this respect may be allowed more permanent display while releasing a larger number for mobile use.
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CLEAN AIR The smoke control programme required by the Council has now proceeded to the extent that most of the Borough is smoke free. In order to secure ready acceptance of the plans by the Council, much -56- publicity, information and advice is given to the public including static and mobile exhibitions. More details on the progress towards clearing the air have been given elsewhere in this Report. SMOKING MP HEALTH The Department has actively participated in the national publicity campaigns spotlighting this hazard, and posters, leaflets, etc. have received large emphasis through the various channels mentioned above. FOOD HYGIENE In addition to general publicity on this subject, much material is distributed on routine visits to places where food is prepared, stored, sold or eaten. Warning notices concerning the bringing of dogs into shops, smoking where "open" food is handled, washing the hands after using the W.C., produced by the Department have found a ready market in the food handling sector of the community.
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Helpful advice, supported by leaflets is given to members of the public enquiring on food matters. VENEREAL. DISEASE In addition to notices in all conveniences in the Borough giving details of confidential treatment available, many leaflets have been distributed in response to requests, particularly by local yough organisations. Following a decision by the Council emphasis was given to this problem by the use of posters in libraries and poster sites throughout the Borough. SAFETY IN THE HOME This subject is given special emphasis in the publicity programmes of the Department. Due to its lack of "news" value and consequent lack of reporting, the public is slow to realise that accidents in the home account for more deaths and injuries than any other accidental cause. Since the accident in general is not dramatic and, except to the victim, seldom catastrophic, appreciation of the problem is only attained by cold statistics which, however, indicate that the gravity is increasing year by year.
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Since the majority of accidents are caused by the carelessness of the individual and seldom by external agency, it -57- remains a problem of education to secure a decrease in the annual toll. A continuous publicity programme of warning and advice is given to residents of the Borough by means of posters and leaflets through the channels mentioned above. Advantage is taken through the services of the film unit to emphasise the problem and, as can be seen, 49 programmes were devoted exclusively to the problem of home safety. In a further 11 programmes mainly concerning other subjects, a short film on safety in the home was included. Over the years every organisation requesting a visit from the Department has had at least one programme devoted to home safety and many have had a series depicting various aspects of the problem.
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In addition to the routine publicity given to this problem, special activities have been promoted throughout the year, details of which are appended below: Local Displays Offers were made to all local organisations for the provision of a display on the home accident problem at any public fete, bazaar or similar activity they were organising. Eleven organisations took advantage of this offer and useful publicity and dissemination of literature was obtained. This is a useful means of reaching the public at a point and time when they are most receptive. Artificial Respiration Lecture/Demonstrations During the month of July four public lecture/demonstrations of artificial respiration were arranged at different centres in the Borough. Although manual methods were shown emphasis was placed on the expired air method, and opportunity was given for public participation. The series was well attended, and the Department is indebted to the Baths and Libraries Committees for the loan of demonstrators and "resusci-anne" model and for the use of library premises.
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Castlewood Day Hospital Arrangements commenced in 1963 continued throughout 1964 for each group of patients at this Hospital to receive a short course -58- on home accident prevention. It is felt that this course assists in some measure in the rehabilitation of these patients, and it is planned to continue the course indefinitely. Home Safety Training During the year a number of groups of the Girls' Life Brigade and Girl Guides Association were trained and/or examined in the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme regarding home safety, and also in safety badges of the parent organisations. A number of other youth organisations also received short courses in home accident prevention and it is felt that training of the potential parents of the future will be useful in long term reduction of the problem. Advisory Service The advisory service instituted in conjunction with the local Group Hospital Management Committee appears to be working smoothly and leaflets and advice have been given to interested enquirers.
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National Home Safety Campaigns Full support and publicity has been given to the national campaigns initiated by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, and a number of local activities have been instituted to highlight the particular problem chosen. Sight Protection Campaign (January - March) Local Action: 1) Local opticians co-operated in displaying posters and distributing leaflets on the problem. 2) Supplies of leaflets sent to local schools. Do-It-Yourself With Safety (Mid-May - September) Local Action: Local handyman hobbies and Do-It-Yourself shops canvassed for display of posters and distribution of leaflets. -59- Winter Hazards (October - December) Local Action: 1) Posters on using flame-resistant clothing materials to local clothing stores and shops. 2) Posters to local fuel merchants on the advisability of fitting fireguards. 3) Fireguard and oil heater posters to ironmongers. 4) Christmas hazard campaign material to local retailers.
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Fireworks Campaign and Sale of Fireworks 1) Campaign - Full support was given to the national campaign organised by the British Firework Manufacturers' Safety Association, and in addition local action was taken by the distribution of posters and leaflets to local retailers for display. Excellent co-operation was received in this respect. 2) Following on the injuries arising from the misuse of fireworks in-1963* the Home Safety Committee felt that the law relating to this matter was insufficient. A recommendation was therefore sent to the Metropolitan Boroughs' Standing Joint Committee for notification to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents in these terms - (i) That the fee payable in respect of the registration of - premises into which fireworks are introduced for storage, distribution or re-sale, be increased from 1s. Od. to 10s. Od. (ii) That the statutory provisions for the registration of - these premises be reviewed and that a requirement be imposed for a notice regarding the sale of fireworks to be displayed by the retailer.
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(ill) That no firework be sold to a person apparently under - the age of 16 years. (iv) That the retail sale of fireworks be restricted to a period of 3 weeks in any year. (v) That the possibility be explored of making it an offence - to purchase fireworks for or on behalf of a person under the age of 16 years. -60- The Metropolitan Boroughs' Standing Joint Committee has referred the proposal to constituent Councils the majority of whom, it is understood, are in strong agreement with the measures suggested. The Children's Nightdress Regulations, 1964 These Regulations, made under the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act, 1961 came into force on the 1st October, 1964. The Regulations relate to the fabric to be used, labelling of fabrics which have been treated to make them flameresistant, and the prohibition on sale of goods not complying with the Regulations. Under the Act local authorities are empowered to arrange for inspecting and testing.
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Excluded from the Regulations are nightdresses unsuitable for wear by persons under the age of 13 years, infant gowns suitable for wear by newly-born babies, and materials sold in the piece. The Regulations are a first step towards decreasing the danger of burns from flammable clothing, but it is still felt that the danger exists, particularly from nightwear made at home by mothers. There is a possibility that these provisions will be extended to all material intended for clothing, and it is to be hoped that this will occur soon. Upon the coming into force of the Regulations, local retail shops were issued with copies and the inspecting staff of the Department made checks on the observance of the Regulations. Home and Road Safety Exhibition: 11th - l8th November,1964 In order to increase the safety consciousness of the residents of the Borough a Home and Road Safety Exhibition was arranged in the Autumn of 1964. To foster interest in the Exhibition and to act as advance publicity, a poster competition was arranged through local schools and youth organisations.
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-61- The response to this was excellent and the winners were awarded their prizes during the opening ceremony. All entries were displayed at the Exhibition. The Exhibition itself attracted large attendances, many schools and local organisations attending in organised parties. Support in exhibiting was given by the South Eastern Gas Board, the London Electricity Board, the St. John's Ambulance Brigade, the British Red Cross Society, and the London County Council Division 6 of the Health Department. Much of the material was loaned from a variety of sources. Thanks are due to all those who took active part in or readily loaned material for the Exhibition and thus helped to ensure its success. It can be reasonably said that the Exhibition was effective in placing the problems of safety before the residents of the Borough in spectacular form.
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INSPECTION AND SUPERVISION OF FOOD PREMISES AT WHICH FOOD IS OFFERED OR PREPARED FOR SALE A total of 1,698 inspections of food premises, other than the daily market inspections, were carried out during the year by the Food Inspectors.
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Inspections of registered food premises were as follows:- Visits to Dairies 8; Distributors of Milk 44; Ice-cream premises 190; Premises where Meat is Potted, Pickled, Pressed and Preserved 248; Premises where Sausages are manufactured 123; Premises where Fish is Cured or prepared for Frying 26; Wholesale dealers in Margarine 2; Restaurants, Cafes and Snack Bars 3^8; Industrial and School Meals Service Canteens 13; Bakehouses 6; Itinerant Vendors 8; Non-Registered Premises 114; Greengrocery and Fish Shops 68; Public Houses 179- FOOD SAMPLING, 1964 During the year ended 31st December, 1964, 911 samples of food and drugs (being 717 informal and 194 formal samples) were submitted to the Public Analyst for analysis.
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Of these 28 informal samples -62- were reported to be adulterated or otherwise not complying with the statutory requirements, giving a percentage of 3.1 compared with 2.0 in 1963. No private samples were examined during the year. Details are as follows:- Sample No. Article Adulteration or Irregularity 643 Canadian Butter Deteriorated. 646 Herring Tidbits in Wine Sauce, Canned Contained no significant amount of alcohol. 647 Herring Tidbits in Wine Sauce, Canned Contained no significant amount of alcohol. 648 Herring Tidbits in Wine Sauce, Canned Contained no significant amount of alcohol. 503 Minced Beef Contained Sulphur dioxide, 290 parts per million. 557 Meat Tenderizer No increased tenderness was perceptible when pieces of steak were treated with the sample, and no papain was detected. 200 Porage Oats The oats, which were contained in an opened 2 lb.
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carton, contained 14 small pellets of mouse excrement. 201 Mint Concentrate Contained a mucoid mass of fungal mycelium. 571 Seasoning (Knorr Aromat) Contained no appreciable quantity of lactose, which was included in the statement of ingredients. 475 Tizer The drink was tainted by the odour of spirits of the kind used in paint, and was unfit for consumption. 448 Herring Tidbits in Wine Sauce, Canned Contained no significant amount of alcohol. -63- 449 Herring Tidbits in Wine Sauce, Canned. Contained no significant amount of alcohol. 450 Herring Tidbits in Wine Sauce, Canned. Contained no significant amount of alcohol. 342 Chopped Ham and Pork, Canned. Contained meat, 87 per cent.
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369 Chopped Ham, Canned Contained Salt (2.5%) and sodium nitrite (6 parts per million) the presence of which was not mentioned in the statement of ingredients on the label. 470 Mustard, Prepared with White Wine. Contained acetic acid, 2.9 per cent, but no alcohol. 303 Shredded Beef Suet Contained Fat - 82 per cent. Flour - 18 per cent. 407 Peas, Canned, Foreign matter from. Consisted of three small compacted masses of dirty, disintegrated vegetable particles. 132 Draught Cider The sample was sour and unfit to drink. 111 Herring Tidbits in Wine Sauce, Canned. Contained no alcohol. 73 Jelly Creams Incorrectly labelled. 79 Lard Contained butylated hydroxytoluene, 25 parts per million; butylated hydroxyanisole, 20 parts per million.
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644 Peppermint Cordial The sample contained a quantity of fungus. 572 Herring Fillets in Wine Sauce, Canned. Contained no alcohol. 725 Jellow Powder Incorrectly labelled. 735 Sodium Bicarbonate Consisted of Boric Acid. 581 Wine The specimen was turbid owing to a growth of yeast. 621 Shredded Beef Contained fat - 80.3 per cent. Ground rice - 19.7 per cent.
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-64- The samples of food reported as genuine included the following samples:- Milk 166; Sauces and Pickles 40; Sugar and Sugar Confectionery 50; Meat Products 35; Ice-cream 10; Soft Drinks 19; Canned Vegetables 23; Soup Preparations 11; Table Jellies 14; Fish Pastes 18; and Tea 9- MIIK SUPPLY At the end of the year there were 131 registered distributors of milk in the Borough and regular inspections of these premises are made by the Public Health Inspectors. A Dealer's Pasteuriser's Licence and a Dealer's Steriliser's Licence are in force in respect of one Dairy.
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In respect of Distributors of Milk, the following licences issued under the Milk (Special Designation) Regulations, i960 are in force:- 52 Pre-packed Milk licences to use the Special Designation "Sterilised" 11 -"- "Pasteurised" and "Sterilised" 68 -"- "Sterilised", "Pasteurised" and "Tuberculin Tested". Routine inspection of premises used for the distribution of milk were regularly carried out by the Public Health Inspectors. Seven formal notices had to be served to secure the remedy of defects found during the course of such inspections. The percentage of fat content of milk samples submitted to the Public Analyst for chemical analysis were as follows:- No. of Samples 4.5 per cent. and over 7 4 per cent. and under 4.5 per cent. 17 3.5 per cent. and under 4 per cent. 83 3 per cent. and under 3.5 per cent.
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59 Below 3 per cent. Nil. -65- Of the 24 samples containing 4 per cent. of fat or over, 19 were submitted as Channel Islands milk and 5 as ordinarymilk. No Channel Islands milk contained less than the minimum legal requirement of 4 per cent. of fat. In order to assess the keeping quality of the milk, 187 samples of Pasteurised or Tuberculin Tested Pasteurised milk were submitted to the Park Hospital Laboratory, Hither Green, for the Methylene Blue Test. Three of the samples submitted were not tested as the shade temperature exceeded 65 F., but satisfactory reports were received in respect of the remaining 184 samples. A total of 187 samples of Pasteurised or Tuberculin Tested Pasteurised milk were also sent to the Park Hospital Laboratory, Hither Green, for the Phosphatase test, which determines the adequacy of pasteurisation. All the samples tested were passed as satisfactory.
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Satisfactory reports were received from the Park Hospital Laboratory in respect of 31 samples of Sterilised or Tuberculin Tested Sterilised milk subjected to the Turbidity test. The practice of sampling milk during the course of early morning delivery to schools, hospitals and institutions was continued during the course of the year. Seven samples taken in this manner were submitted for chemical analysis to the Public Analyst, and seven samples were submitted to the Park Hospital Laboratory for Methylene Blue and Phosphatase Tests. ICE-CREAM The number of premises in the Borough registered for the sale of ice-cream totalled 315 by the end of the year. With the exception of 4 premises, which are registered for the manufacture and storage of ice-cream, pre-packed ice-cream only is sold. Inspections of premises where ice-cream is sold, stored or manufactured are made regularly.
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All applicants for registration of premises for the sale of ice-cream are first visited and advised of the statutory requirements contained in the Heat Treatment Regulations in addition to the usual inspection of the premises. -66- During the course of the year 117 samples were taken and submitted to the Park Hospital Laboratory for grading by the Methylene Blue Test. One hundred samples were graded as satisfactory and 17 unsatisfactory. The unsatisfactory samples were all of soft ice-cream. Investigations following receipt of the unsatisfactory samples were carried out to ensure that the machinery used for the dispensing of this type of ice-cream was being cleaned and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Where unsatisfactory reports were received the Public Health Inspectors visited the shops from which the ice-cream samples were purchased and instructed the proprietors to dismantle and sterilise the machine in the prescribed manner in their presence. Following reassembly further samples were then taken and submitted to the Park Hospital Laboratory.
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Subsequent samples taken in this manner were in the majority of cases reported upon satisfactorily and it would seem likely that there was a connection between inadequate cleaning of the machinery and unsatisfactory results of samples from such machinery. Premises where unsatisfactory reports on ice-cream samples had been received were visited regularly to ensure that a good standard of hygiene was maintained and to carry out sampling. PUBLIC HOUSES There are 152 public houses in the Borough, 27 of which serve main meals. The supervision of hygiene conditions is carried out by the Public Health Inspectors and visits are made as a matter of routine. All the defects found to require attention in the public houses were remedied by the Brewers as a result of informal action taken by the Department. COMPLAINTS OF UNSOUND FOOD During the year 47 food complaints were received In the Department. All the complaints were subsequently investigated by the Food Inspectors.
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In respect of two complaints, namely metal fragments embedded in an iced bun, and a wood screw found in a birthday cake, the Health Committee authorised the institution of legal proceedings. -67- The two cases were subsequently heard at the Woolwich Magistrates Court and the firms concerned were fined £12 with cost of £2. 2. 0. awarded to the Council, and £15 with costs of £3. 3. 0. respectively. The Health Committee instructed that a warning letter be sent to a Bakery in connection with a complaint of a nail baked in a bun. A warning letter was also sent to a Bakery in one of whose loaves a cigarette end was found. This course of action was adopted because the complainant could not be persuaded to give evidence willingly in Court should the Council decide to prosecute. Foreign bodes were also reported in a jar of jam, a tin of stewed steak, a tin of tomatoes, a tin of gooseberries, a bottle of milk, and loaves of bread (2 cases).
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In all these cases the attention of the manufacturers was drawn to the complaints and the complainants advised of the action taken. Mould growth was a cause for a number of complaints. Foodstuffs investigated with mould growths included a chocolate covered swiss roll ( 2 cases); 1 jam swiss roll; cheese; cakes; scotch eggs; meat pies (4 cases); muffins; and a loaf of bread. The retailers were visited-following receipt of the complaints and, where necessary, stale stock was withdrawn from sale and destroyed. Other complaints dealt with by the Food Inspectors included alleged unsound meat; worm in a cod; unsound pigs kidneys; bottles of sterilised milk smelling of a disinfectant; bottle of lemonade with an alleged peculiar odour.
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During the investigations into complaints of unsound food throughout the year It was again noted that both manufacturers and retailers of food products were as anxious as the Food Inspectors to ensure that similar complaints were not received in future, and the utmost co-operation was met from all quarters of the food industry. MEAT INSPECTION Details of animals slaughtered and inspected during the year at the Garland Road Abattoir are as follows:- -68- The total number of animals slaughtered and inspected during the year at the Garland Road slaughterhouse was 64,100, Details are as follows TABLE NO. 13 CARCASES AND OFFAL INSPECTED AND CONDEMNED IN WHOLE OR IN PART,1964 Cattle excluding Cows Cows Calves Sheep and Lambs Pigs Number killed and inspected 10,524 1 - 8,993 44,582 All diseases (except Tuberculosis and Cysticerci) - Whole carcases condemned - - - 1 34 Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned 3,
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188 - - 620 11,464 Percentage of the number inspected affected with disease other than Tuberculosis and Cysticerci 30.2 - - 6.9 25.7 Tuberculosis only - Whole carcases condemned - - - - - Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned 37 - - - 472 Percentage of the number inspected affected with Tuberculosis .35 - - - 1.05 Cysticercosis - Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned and treated by refrigeration 49 - - - - -69- PREVALENCE AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE The following diseases are compulsorily notifiable in the Borough:- Anthrax, Cholera, Diphtheria, Dysentery, Encephalitis (Acute), Erysipelas, Enteric Fever, Food Poisoning, Leprosy, Malaria, Measles, Membranous Croup, Meningococcal Infection, Ophthalmia Neonatorum,
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Pneumonia (Acute Primary), Pneumonia (Acute Influenzal), Poliomyelitis, Polio-encephalitis, Plague, Puerperal Pyrexia, Relapsing Fever, Scabies, Scarlet Fever (or Scarlatina), Smallpox, Tuberculosis (all forms). Typhoid Fever (including Paratyphoid), Typhus Fever, Whooping Cough, and Zymotic Enteritis. Cases of infectious disease notified to the Department are immediately visited by the Public Health Inspectors, and disinfection is oarrled out wherever applicable. Where the patient is nursed at home the Inspectors see that home isolation continues satisfactorily, and at the end of the infectious period, where necessary, the bedding belonging to the patient Is removed for treatment at the Disinfecting Station and the room sealed and fumigated.
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A total of 893 cases of infectious diseases was notified during the year, being a decrease of 1,200 on the previous year. 130 cases were removed to hospital. The substantital reduction in total notifications is due to the relatively small number of notifications of measles (456 compared with 1,650 the previous year). MALARIA The first notified case of Malaria to occur in the Borough since 1957 was received. The patient, a man of 45 years of age, had suffered from Malarial attacks whilst serving with the Royal Navy during the last War. He worked in Nigeria from March to June 1964 and about one week after his return to this country he was taken ill. He delayed visiting his doctor for three days when he was immediately removed to hospital, but died shortly after admission. -70- DYSENTERY Of the 53 cases originally notified 18 were subsequently confirmed as Sonne Dysentery. Five cases were admitted to hospital, also one suspected case.
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A young child living at the Plumstead Rest Centre was found to be a dysentery carrier, and close surveillance was kept on the other residents. Fortunately the only confirmed notified cases were 4 children in one family, who were subsequently removed to hospital. The majority of the non-confirmed cases were found to be suffering from Gastro Enteritis or Diarrhoea. POLIOMYELITIS For the third year in succession there was no confirmed case of Poliomyelitis. Two suspected cases were treated In hospital and were subsequently diagnosed as muscle injury and tonsilitis. PUERPERAL PYREXIA Of the 96 notified cases of Puerperal Pyrexia occurring in the Borough, 43 of the patients were not Woolwich mothers. MEASLES The number of individual cases of measles notified during 1964 totalled 456, of which 7 patients were treated in hospital for various complications. All except 6 of the notified cases were under the age of 15 years.
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-71- TABLE NO. 14 NOTIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (EXCLUDING TUBERCULOSIS), 1964 Under 1 yr. 1-4 yrs. 5-14 yrs. 15-44 yrs. 45-64 yrs. 65 and over Total Admitted to Hospital Scarlet Fever - 23 46 1 1 - 71 3 Meningococcal Infection - - 3 - - - 3 3 Erysipelas 1 1 - 2 4 - 8 2 Dysentery - 4 10 4 - - 18 5 Zymotic Enteritis - 3 1 1 1 - 6 2 Pneumonia - 2 6 5 5 17 35 5 Puerperal Pyrexia - - - 96 - - 96 96 Ophthalmia Neonatorum 7 - - - - - 7 6 Whooping Cough 5 36
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38 - 1 - 80 - Measles 11 228 211 6 - - 456 7 Malaria - - - - 1 - l 1 Scabies - - - - 1 - 1 - TUBERCULOSIS Table of Notifications and Deaths compared with Population Borough of Woolwich. TABLE NO. 15 Year Estimated Civilian Population excluding Army Primary Notifications Deaths from Tuberculosis Deaths per 1,000 of population Total Deaths all Causes Percentage of Tuberculosis Deaths against all Deaths 1954 145,000 200 21 .14 1,443 1.4 1955 145,000 154 23 .15 1,537 1.4 1956 144,000 155 22 .14 1,524 1.4 1957 143,000 145 22 .14 1,504 1.4 1958 142,000 101 20 .14 1,514 1.
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3 1959 142,000 86 14 .09 1,542 .9 1960 143,000 72 9 .06 1,424 .6 1961 146,850 56 16 .11 1,616 .9 1962 148,000 63 10 .06 1,580 .6 1963 148,000 45 16 .10 1,790 .9 1964 149,810 53 3 .02 1,583 .18 -72- The following is an extract from the Tuberculosis Register for 1964:- Pulmonary Non-Pulmonary M. F. Total M. F. Total Cases notified for the first time. 33 14 47 2 4 6 Other additions to register during the year, including transfers of patients from other areas.
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20 25 45 2 - 2 Cases on Register at 31st December,1964 714 585 1,299 46 45 91 The following Table gives the age groups of new cases notified: TABLE NO.
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16 FORMAL NOTIFICATIONS Number of Primary Notification of New Cases 0- 1 1- 4 5- 14 15- 24 25-34 3544 4554 5564 65- 74 75 & up Total (All ages) PULMONARY - Males - - 1 4 4 5 7 8 4 - 33 Females - - - 3 3 4 2 - 2 - 14 NON-PULMONARY Males - - - - 1 1 - - - - 2 Females - - - - 1 3 - - - - 4 TOTAL: - - 1 7 9 13 9 8 6 - 53 -73- DISINFECTION AND DISINFESTATION During 1964 the Department disinfected 223 rooms, including the patient's bedding following the notification of infectious disease.
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Of the rooms and bedding disinfected 97 rooms were occupied by persons suffering from Tuberculosis. A total of 1,204 inspections were made by the Public Health Inspectors to check on verminous conditions, and 267 rooms were found to have minor infestations of bugs or fleas. Disinfestation was subsequently carried out by the Department. A number of requests from residents were again received for items of old furniture, bedding, etc. to be disposed of. The unwanted items were usually worn out and in some cases were in a verminous condition. In all, 13 rooms were cleared of old furniture, and other odd items removed and destroyed at the Council's destructor included 23 mattresses, 12 sets of bedding, 4 beds, 2 three-piece suites, 11 armchairs, 3 wardrobes, 3 tables, and an old sofa.
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Certificates of Hygiene were issued to accompany 20 export consignments of rag wipers which had been washed, cleansed and sterilized by a local laundry. The firm concerned paid a small fee for each Certificate issued. AUTHENTICATION OF CERTIFICATES OF VACCINATION Persons journeying to certain foreign countries are required to produce written evidence of recent successful vaccination or inoculation. These Certificates are not acceptable to the countries concerned unless the signature of the Doctor is authenticated by the Medical Officer of Health in whose area he practises. During the year 1,123 Certificates were authenticated by me; 889 relating to protection against Smallpox, 174 for Cholera, and 60 for T.A.B. inoculation. PERSONAL CLEANSING The Borough Council maintains two personal Cleansing Stations; one at Plumstead, adjoining the Turkish Baths in Plumstead High Street, and the other at Lionel Road Centre, Eltham.
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-74- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface 2 Health Committee 4 Staff 4 General Statistics 7 Vital Statistics 7 Public Health Administration 13 Old People's Welfare 35 Housing 39 Clean Air 49 Health Education 5^ Inspection and Supervision of Food 62 Prevalence and Control of Infectious Disease 70 -75- Printed and Published by the Woolwich Borough, Council.
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YIE 1 Yiewsley Urban District Council. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH, FOR THE YEAR 1920. uxbridg: King & Hutchings, Ltd., Printers. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH, 1920. To the Chairman and Members of the Yiewsley Urban District Council. Gentlemen, I beg to submit to you my Tenth Annual Report as your Medical Officer of Health. NATURAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE DISTRICT. The population at the census of 1911 was 4,321. Estimated (by the Registrar-General) for the middle of 1920 it is 5,146. The area of the district is 899 acres. Physical Features and General Character of the District. The district is flat, low-lying, open on all sides, and the air good.
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The soil is clay (in many parts removed) with a gravel subsoil. Social Conditions. The population consists chiefly of the artisan class, with an increasing number engaged in clerical occupation. VITAL STATISTICS. Births. The increase in the birth-rate all over the country in 1920 is also noticeable in the Yiewsley area, there being 134 births in 1920, as compared with 89 in 1919. Of these 134 births, 71 were males and 63 were females. Only one birth was registered outside the district. 4 There were 10 illegitimate births, four of which were male and six female. The birth-rate for 1920 works out at 26.03 per thousand—a considerable increase on last year's rate of 17 26 per thousand. Sixty-nine births were notified by County Council Midwives. Deaths. Male. Female.
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The number of deaths registered in the district 16 23 The number of deaths of non-residents registered in the district (to be subtracted) 3 1 The number of deaths of residents registered outside the district 9 5 Nett deaths belonging to the district 22 27 These 49 deaths give a crude death-rate of 9.52 per thousand, or, corrected for age and sex distribution, a rate of 9 55 per thousand —a slightly higher rate than that of the previous year, which was 8 49 per thousand. Causes of Death— Male. Female.
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Whooping Cough 1 1 Diphtheria and Croup 1 - Influenza 1 - Pulmonary Tuberculosis 1 3 Cancer (Malignant Disease) 1 4 Organic Heart Disease 3 2 Bronchitis 1 2 Pneumonia 1 — Other Respiratory Diseases — 1 Cirrhosis of Liver 1 — Nephritis — 1 Congenital Debility, etc. 2 4 Violence, apart from Suicide 1 — Suicide 1 — Other defined Diseases 7 9 Total 22 27 Infant Mortality. The number of deaths of infants under one year of age was eight. This gives an infant mortality rate of 59.7 per thousand— a slight increase on the rate of the previous year, which was 43 82 per thousand, while in 1918 the rate was 97.83 per thousand. As five of these deaths occurred in premature babies the rate is remarkably low.
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5 The causes of death were as follows:— Male. Female. Inanition — 1 Premature Birth 2 3 Whooping Cough 1 — Convulsions 1 — Total 4 4 Owing to the greater attention given to Infant Welfare, there has, during recent years, been a steady decline in the infant mortality rate, which is regarded as a valuable index of sanitary efficiency. Poor Law relief is adequate. The London hospitals are available for suitable illnesses and are chiefly utilised for serious surgical cases. The Poor Law infirmary at Hillingdon provides accommodation for cases unsuitable for hospital treatment. SANITARY CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DISTRICT. Water. The supply is constant and sufficient. Its source is from deep wells sunk in the chalk locally. Its good points are its purity, its freedom from risk of contamination, and the absence of any solvent action on lead pipes.
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Its great defect is its hardness, which is not excessive. The London water supply is often taken as a fair standard, and the water supplied in this district is slightly less hard than that in London. About 10 per cent. of the houses (these are in outlying parts of the Yiewsley area) are supplied by shallow wells. No complaints as to the character of the water were received during the year. No cases of contamination occurred. To a limited extent the Frays is unwisely used as a source of drinking water, and was apparently the source of a case of typhoid fever some years ago, so that the question is of some importance. Rivers and Streams 6 Drainage and Sewerage. Ninety per cent. of the houses are connected to the public sewer, and the sewage disposed of by broad irrigation at Cowley, after treatment in coke beds. The remaining 10 per cent.
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of the houses, owing to their outlying position, rely on the conservancy system. Closet Accommodation. All closets are connected to the sewer, unless in outlying parts of the Yiewsley Urban area. In the case of those which are not connected, there are— 60 privies with fixed receptacles; 8 privies with movable receptacles ; 2 waste water and hand-flushed closets. No conservancy closets were converted to the public sewage in 1920 owing to their distance from the same, but they were all cleansed and disinfected at necessary intervals during the year. Scavenging. This is done fortnightly by the Council throughout the year. When more prosperous times return the present service should be accelerated—weekly removal of refuse being very necessary, combined with the provision of covered receptacles. SANITARY INSPECTION OF THE DISTRICT.
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The total number of premises visited during the year (i.e., inspections and re-inspections) was 235. The following defects and nuisances were discovered, action taken, and the trouble abated :— Movable Dwellings, Caravans, Tents, etc. One case of overcrowding. After notice the van left the district. Canal Boats used as Dwelling Houses. One case of overcrowding and four dirty cabins, 7 Bakehouses. Four contraventions of the Factory Act (i.e., need of limewashing). Slaughter Houses. No contravention of bye-law—all clean and satisfactory. Cow Sheds. Cleaning required in one instance only. Dairies and Milkshops. No defects discovered. Water Closets. Nine were repaired, supplied with water, or otherwise improved. Drains. Seven were examined and tested ," two exposed.
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Three waste pipes and rain water pipes were disconnected, repaired, etc. Fifteen were unstopped, repaired, trapped, etc. Two new soil pipes were fixed. Two existing soil pipes (or ventilating pipes) were repaired. One disconnecting trap and chamber was inserted. Cesspools. Twenty-four were emptied, cleansed, etc. Smoke. The smoke nuisance previously complained of at the Water Company's Pumping Station has been effectively remedied. Accumulation of Refuse. Fifteen accumulations were discovered. Foul Ditches, Ponds, etc., and Stagnant Water. One cleaned out. 8 Foul Pigs and Other Animals. Four pigsties cleansed and repaired. Dampness. Sixteen cases were discovered. One hundred and twenty-seven sundry nuisances were also dealt with and remedied.
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(a) The total number of inspections and re-inspections made during the year was 235. These include:— Fourteen premises inspected on complaint. Twenty-seven premises inspected in connection with infectious disease. Fifty-four periodical inspections. Twenty-nine house-to-house inspections. (b) No statutory orders were issued, but sixty-seven informal or cautionary notices were given. (c) All defects are remedied or being remedied. PREMISES AND OCCUPATIONS CONTROLLED BY BYE-LAWS OR REGULATIONS. These comprise :— (a) Two houses let in lodgings ; and (b) One offensive trade, viz., that of tallow melting and fat boiling. As regards the former very little trouble has been caused at any time, and none during the year.
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The latter has occasionally given rise to objectionable effluvia when not in good working order, and the removal of the products in open casks is unpleasant and should be regulated by bye-laws insisting on the use of closed receptacles, though recently the receptacles have been improved and less spilling occurs. SCHOOLS. There are three public elementary schools in the district, in all of which the sanitation and water supply are satisfactory. There is quite adequate accommodation for the scholars. 9 Any suspected cases of infectious disease are reported by the teachers to the Medical Officer of Health, and the children excluded from school if necessary. All confirmed cases of infectious disease are reported to the head teachers by the Medical Officer of Health, together with a list of the names of contacts to be excluded from school for the necessary period. The School Medical Officer attends the schools periodically for the purpose of examining the scholars, and in this way many minor defects in the children are indicated to the parents. FOOD.
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(a) Milk Supply. There are two cow-keepers, and an average of about a hundred cows in the district. Much of the milk is supplied by local farms and some from outlying farms. Thirty-two inspections were made during the year. Only one contravention of regulations was discovered (i.e., cowshed required cleaning). The milk is generally of good quality and no complaints have been received. The most important point is the insistence of cleanliness of the cows, premises, and utensils—but this has greatly improved of recent years. There is great difficulty in the outlying parts of the district in securing fresh milk, and condensed milk has to be used instead. Milk (Mothers and Children) Order, 1919. Doctors and Midwives have been authorised to recommend the supply of. milk to suitable cases, but there appears to have been very little need for this. (b) Meat. Inspection is made periodically by the Sanitary Inspector.
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Four carcasses of frozen mutton were voluntarily surrendered and buried. There is no public abattoir, but the private slaughterhouses and the facilities for inspecting meat at the time of slaughter are satisfactory. Thirty-one inspections were made during the year. 10 The carcasses of two sheep and two lambs, in an emaciated condition and flabby from cold storage, were voluntarily surrendered and destroyed. Two slaughter-houses are in use in the district. In 1914. In January, 1920. In December, 1920. Registered 1 — — Licensed 3 2 2 Total 4 2 2 (c) Other Foods. Food inspection is made periodically by your Sanitary Inspector. In regard to the sanitary condition of premises where food is manufactured, stored, etc , no defects were discovered. Adequate powers exist for dealing with sanitary conditions in premises where foods are stored or exposed for sale.
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The condition of the bakeries in the district is generally satisfactory, but four contraventions of regulations were discovered and one bakehouse required white-washing. PREVALENCE OF, AND CONTROL OVER, INFECTIOUS DISEASES. There were forty-three cases of infectious disease notified during 1920—a decrease of nineteen on those notified during the previous year. These include twenty-three cases of scarlet fever and thirteen of diphtheria. A supply of diphtheria anti-toxin is kept, but not much used. No cases of encephalitis lethargica occurred. Return cases of scarlet fever occurred in two houses. In regard to the more recently notifiable infectious diseases, i.e., pneumonia, malaria, dysentery and trench fever, only one case of pneumonia was notified. Bacteriological aids to diagnosis are now freely utilised. In cases of suspected diphtheria numerous swabs were taken and sent away for examination.
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In al notified cases enquiries were made to discover contacts, and the throats of contacts swabbed and bacteriologically examined. Most cases of scarlet fever and diphtheria are sent to the Isolation Hospital at Hillingdon. Those treated at home are 11 isolated for the necessary period, and in all cases the occupied rooms are afterwards disinfected. Carriers of diphtheria bacilli are isolated. No vaccinations were performed by the Medical Officer of Health under the Public Health Regulations, 1917, no necessity arising. Towards the end of the year a comparatively slight epidemic of measles occurred, extending to the beginning of the present year. School intimations of infectious disease are freely utilised. Only one death occurred from influenza. No noticeable epidemic of this complaint occurred requiring an enquiry. No arrangements have been made for the purpose of cleansing and disinfecting verminous persons and their belongings, as the need for this does not seem to exist.
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No doubt such treatment, if found necessary, would be available at the Poor Law infirmary or workhouse. The notification of cases of tuberculosis appears to be properly effected and no action has been necessary to enforce the regulations. The following is a list of infectious diseases notified during the years 1920 and 1919:— 1920. 1919. Diphtheria 13 8 Erysipelas 1 3 Scarlet Fever 23 37 Pulmonary Tuberculosis 3 3 Other Forms of Tuberculosis 1 1 Pneumonia 1 2 Ophthalmia Neonatorum 1 — Enteric Fever — 1 Measles (not now notifiable) — 1 Malaria — 4 Influenzal Pneumonia — 2 Total 43 62 MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE.
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Clinics are held by the Assistant School Medical Officer and are attended by expectant and nursing mothers, and children under five years of age. The only criticism I have to make of the local Infant Welfare Scheme is that the medical treatment is not, as it should be, in the hands of the local doctors. Their experience specially fits them for the work, and they are much more likely to retain the confidence of the mothers than is 12 a stranger. This fact was especially emphasised by the Chief Medical Officer of the Ministry of Health in his scheme for a public medical service, when he stated that no method could succeed without the whole-hearted co-operation of the general practitioner. No case of puerperal fever was notified, and only one of ophthalmia neonatorum, the latter without any permanent injury resulting.
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With the exception of a slight epidemic of measles there was no noticeable incidence of infectious diseases of infants (i.e., whooping cough, epidemic diarrhoea, poliomyelitis, etc.). 1. The Sanitary Staff consists of the Surveyor, who acts also as Sanitary Inspector, and a part-time Medical Officer of Health. The former resigned during the year, and for the last three months your Clerk did valuable work in his stead. 2. The hospital accommodation available for infectious diseases is quite adequate. It consists of the Isolation Hospital at Hillingdon and the Small-pox Hospital at Yeading. 3. In regard to the local Acts, etc., in force in the district, the Bye-laws of the Uxbridge Rural District (of which this district formed a part prior to 1911) were adopted on acquiring Urban powers, and are still in force. 4.
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Pathological specimens may be sent to a laboratory for examination by any medical man in the district. The cost of these examinations is borne by the Council. FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS. Two additional workshops were established during the year. The following is a complete list of the factories and workshops in the district:— SANITARY ADMINISTRATION. 4 Engineering Works. 3 Plumbers. 2 Boot Repairers. 2 Upholsterers. 2 Canal Boat Works. 1 Smith. 1 Printer. 1 Firewood Factory. 1 Wheelwright. 1 Milliner. 1 Cycle Shop. 4 Bakehouses. 1 Millboard Works. 1 Constructional Works. 1 Laundry. 1 Foundry. 1 Chemical Works. 1 Engraver and Metal Worker 1 Button Factory. 1 Record Works. 1 Tin Box Factory. 1 Photographic Works. 1 Tallow Factory. 13 HOUSING.
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(1) General Housing Conditions in the District. 1. The Council's Housing Scheme is now in operation, and some houses are nearly completed. 2. (a) Extent of shortage or excess of houses.-At present a considerable shortage exists, but it is possible that the previous shortage of "houses for the working classes" will be abolished on completion of the Council's scheme. (b) Measures taken or contemplated to meet any shortage. A complete scheme is, as stated above, in process of completion. 3. No important change of population has occurred during the year, nor is anticipated. (2) Overcrowding. 1. Extent: The actual overcrowding of rooms is not frequent, but many cottages are occupied by more than one family. 2. Causes : The cessation of building operations during recent years. 3.
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Measures taken or contemplated to meet any shortage : A few houses have been erected by private enterprise and the Council's scheme provides for 208 houses. (3) Fitness of Houses. 1. (a) The general standard of housing is low. (b) The character of the existing defects consists of a general deterioration in the structural condition of the older cottages and of excessive dampness. The following is a table of the defects found:— Blocked drains 11 Defective floors 10 Defective W.C.'s 9 Defective R.W. pipes 2 Defective roofs 14 Dirty walls and ceilings 41 Defective windows 23 Ash bins required 8 Excessive dampness 16 Structural defects 60 Defective drains 2 - Total 196 14 (c) Many of these defects are due to lack of proper management and supervision by owners, owing to the cost of labour and materials, coupled with high rates and low rents. 2.
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General action taken as regards unfit houses under— (a) The Public Health Acts. Nil. (b) The Housing Acts. Thirty-two orders for repairs were issued under Section 28 of the 1919 Act, and twenty-four defects were remedied under Section 17 of the 1909 Housing Act. 3. Difficulties in remedying unfitness, special measures taken, etc.—The chief difficulty is the excessive cost of repairs, coupled with the fact that cottages do not pay an economic rent. The owners are often unable to pay the price of repairs. Defects were remedied 4. Conditions so far as they affect housing as regards water supply, closet accommodation, and refuse disposal. The water supply is good, closet accommodation generally adequate and refuse disposal does not adversely affect the housing question. (4) Unhealthy Areas. No complaints were received nor representations made under Parts 1 or 2 of the Housing Act of 1890.
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(5) Bye-laws relating to Houses, to Houses Let in Lodgings, and to Tents, Vans, Sheds, etc. 1. The existing bye-laws operate satisfactorily. 2. There is no urgent need of new bye-laws. APPENDICES. Statistics.—Year ended 31st December, 1920. 1. General. 1. Estimated population 5146 2. General death-rate (per thousand) 952 3. Death-rate from tuberculosis 78 4. Infantile mortality 597 5. Number of dwelling houses of all classes 900 6, Number of working class dwelling houses 800 7. Number of new working class houses erected 2 15 2. Unfit Dwelling Houses. I.—Inspection. 1. Total number of dwelling houses inspected for housing defects (under Public Health or Housing Acts) 62 2.
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Number of dwelling houses which were inspected and recorded under the Housing (Inspection of District) Regulations, 1910 62 3. Number of dwelling houses found to be in a state so dangerous or injurious to health as to be unfit for human habitation — 4. Number of dwelling houses (exclusive of those referred to under the preceding sub-heading) found not to be in all respects reasonably fit for human habitation 32 II.-Remedy of Defects without Service of Formal Notices. Number of defective dwelling houses rendered fit in consequence of informal action by the Local Authority or their Officers 24 III.—Action under Statutory Powers. A. Proceedings under section 28 of the Housing, Town Planning, etc., Act, 1919. 1. Number of dwelling houses in respect of which notices were served requiring repairs 32 2.
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Number of dwelling houses which were rendered fit— (a) by owners 32 (b) by Local Authority in default of owners — 3. Number of dwelling houses in respect of which Closing Orders became operative in pursuance of declarations by owners of intention to close — B. Proceedings under Public Health Acts. 1. Number of dwelling houses in respect of which notices were served requiring defects to be remedied 17 16 2. Number of dwelling houses in which defects were remedied— (a) by owners 17 (b) by Local Authority in default of owners C. Proceedings under sections 17 and 18 of the Housing, Town Planning, etc., Act, 1909. 1. Number of representations made with a view to the making of Closing Orders nil. 2. Number of dwelling houses in respect of which Closing Orders were made nil. 3.
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Number of dwelling houses in respect of which Closing Orders were determined, the dwelling houses having been rendered fit nil 4. Number of dwelling houses in respect of which Demolition Orders were made nil. 5. Number of dwelling houses demolished in pursuance of Demolition Orders nil. 3. Unhealthy Areas. Areas represented to the Local Authority with a view to Improvement Schemes under (a), Part I., or (b), Part II., of the Act of 1890:— 1. Name of area nil. 2. Acreage nil. 3. Number of working class houses in area nil. 4. Number of working class persons to be displaced nil. 4. Number of houses not complying with the building bye-laws erected with consent of Local Authority under section 25 of the Housing, Town Planning, etc., Act, 1919 1 5.
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Staff engaged on housing work with, briefly, the duties of each officer— The Housing Inspection of the district is done by the Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances, who holds the dual appointment. A. HITCHINGS THOMAS, M.B., B.S„ D.P.H Medical Officer oj Health.
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YIE 2 E INTELL. LIBRARY Yiewsley Urban District Council. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH, FOR THE YEAR 1925. Uxbridge: Wescott and Son, Printers. ANNUAL REPORT of the MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH, 1925. To the Chairman and Members of the Yiewsley Urban District Council. Gentlemen, I beg to submit to you my Fifth Annual Report as your Medical Officer of Health. GENERAL STATISTICS. The area of the District is 899 acres. The population (estimated by the Registrar-General) for the middle of 1925 is 5,599. Number of inhabited houses (1925) 1,203. Number of families or separate occupiers, 1,500. Rateable value £37,715. Sum represented by a penny rate £111. PHYSI0CAL FEATURES.
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The District is flat and low lying, with clay and gravel subsoil The Grand Junction Canal runs through the District. The Rivers Colne and Frays pass through the District. WATER. The district is supplied by the Rickmansworth Valley Water Company, the water being pure and wholesome. It is hard but not above the average for drinking purposes. The Stockley area 4 of the Urban District is supplied from shallow wells. There have been no complaints as to the quality of the water during the year. FOOD. (a) Milk Supply. Some of the milk is supplied by local farms, the remainder from farms outside the district. The milk is generally of good quality and no complaints have been received. The cleanliness of cows, premises, and utensils is most important. Milk (Mothers and Children) Order, 1919. Doctors and Midwives have been authorised to recommend the supply of milk to suitable cases. (b) Meat.
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There is no public abattoir, but the private slaughter-houses and facilities for inspecting meat at the time of slaughter are satisfactory. During the year the Public Health Meat Regulations have come into force, and the following carcases have been destroyed as unfit for food. 1 Cow's Liver, Hydatid 1 Liver. tuberculosis 1 Pig's Head, tubercular 3 Lungs, tuberculosis 3 Pigs' Carcases, tubercular 1 Heart, diseased 1 Pig's Carcase, over driven 2 Pigs' Carcases, swine fever (c) Other Foods. In regard to the sanitary condition of premises where food is manufactured, stored, etc., no defects were discovered. Adequate power exists for dealing with sanitary conditions in premises where foods are stored or exposed for sale. SOCIAL CONDITIONS. The population which is steadily increasing is composed of young persons working in Factories and on Railways in the neighbourhood.
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5 EXTRACTS FROM VITAL STATISTICS OF THE YEAR. Births. There is a slight decrease in the birth-rate in the Yiewsley area. Birth Rate (R.G.) 22'86 per thousand. Birth Rate per 1,000 England and Wales 18'3. Males. Females. Total Births 128 79 49 Legitimate 76 49 Illegitimate 3 — Deaths. Total, 53; males, 29; females, 24. Death rate (R.G.) 9'46 per 1,000. Death rate for England and Wales, 12.2. Number of women dying in, or in consequence of childbirth : From Sepsis, nil. From other causes, nil. Deaths of Infants under 1 year of age: Total 11; males, 8; females, 3. Illegitimate, male 1; female 1.
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Deaths from Measles (all ages) nil. Deaths from Whooping Cough (all ages): Males, 4; female 1. Deaths from Diarrhoea, under 2 years of age: Male, 1; female, 1. The Death rate in Babies is remarkably low. Causes of Death.
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Male Female Whooping Cough 4 1 Influenza 2 1 Meningoocal Meningitis 1 — Tuberculosis of Respiratory System 3 1 Other Tuberculous diseases 1 I Cancer, Malignant disease 2 2 Cerebral Haemorrhage I — Heart disease — 5 Bronchitis 2 2 Pneumonia (all forms) 2 2 Other Respiratory diseases — 1 Ulcer of Stomach or Duodenum — 1 Diarrhoea (under 2 years) 1 1 Congenital Debility and Malformation, Premature Birth 4 — Suicide 1 — Other Defined Causes 5 6 29 24 Deaths of Infants under 1 year: Total 8 3 Illegitimate 1 1 6 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES DURING THE YEAR. Disease. Cases notified in the district. Cases admitted to Hospital.
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Cerebro Spinal Meningitis 1 1 Diphtheria 6 6 Small Pox — — Scarlet Fever 6 6 Enteric Fever (including Para-Typhoid) — — Puerperal Fever — — Pneumonia — — Erysipelas — — Tuberculosis— Male 5 — Female 1 — TUBERCULOSIS. NEW CASES. Age Period. Pulmonary Non-Pulmonary Male Female Male Female 0 l 1 5 1 7 8 10 12 15 20 23 1 1 25 35 1 38 44 1 45 55 61 65 and upwards to 70 4 1 1 Ophthalmia Leonotorium. There was one notified. Causes of Sickness. German Measles, Influenza, Tuberculosis and Whooping Cough. 7 SUMMARY OF NURSING ARRANGEMENTS.
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Hospital and other Institutions available for the District. Professional Nursing in the Home. (a) General. District Nurse Collins. (b) For Infectious Diseases, Nil. Midwives. During 1924 three Midwives notified the County Council of their intention to practice in Yiewsley, viz., Nurse Treadwell, a wholetime Midwife employed by the County Council. Nurse Montgomery, one of the County Council health visitors and School Nurses who acts as "relief" Midwife when necessary. Mrs. Fox engaged in Private Practice as a Midwife. Maternity and Child Welfare. This work is carried out by the County Council. A ''Welfare" Centre is held weekly at the Wesleyan Chapel Room ; it is under the charge of Lt.-Col. H. L. W. Norrington, one of the Assistant Medical Officers of the County Council.
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Mothers attend at the Centre with their infants and children under five years of age, to receive advice in the upbringing of the Children. Visits are made to the homes by the Health Visitors, in order to instruct and assist the mothers in carrying out the Doctor's advice. Dried Milk and similar articles are supplied at the Centre at cost price or less in suitable cases. The provision of dental treatment for nursing and expectant mothers is in force. ATTENDANCES AT MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE CENTRE. Number of Sessions held. Total No. of attendances. New Cases. Old Cases. Mothers. Babies under 1 year. Children l to 5. Mothers. Babies under 1 year. Children 1 to 5. A. B. C. A. B. C.
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48 5,336 8 5 65 106 48 4 16 1,974 1,472 1,638 8 A.—Expectant Mothers. B.—Expectant Mothers who are also attending with babies or children under 5 years. C.— Mothers who are attending with babies or children under 5 years. Highest attendance 263 Lowest attendance 20 Average attendance (Mothers) 43 Average attendance (Children) 68 HOME VISITS BY HEALTH VISITOR. First Visits. Re-Visits, Expectant Mothers. Babies under 1 year. Children 1 to 5. Expectant Mothers. Babies under 1 year. Children 1 to 5. No of Homes visited. 93 187 24 182 1556 1771 2593 During 1925 a session was held each Tuesday afternoon except on public holidays. Schools.
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The Local Education Authority for the district is the Middlesex Education Committee. There are three Public Elementary Schools in the district, in all of which the water supply and sanitation are satisfactory, and the accommodation for the scholars is adequate. Information as to the absence of children from school on account of infectious or suspected infectious disease is supplied to the Medical Officer of Health by the School Teachers, in order that the necessary inquiries may be made and suitable action taken. Medical Inspection and Dental Inspection of children attending the schools are carried out by the Assistant Medical Officers and Dental Officers of the County Council. A Clinic is provided at Providence Road Council School, Yiewsley, for the treatment of minor ailments in school children. Dental and Opthalmia treatment also are provided, and for those purposes children are referred to special Clinics held at the Whitehall Council School, Oxbridge. 9 Tuberculosis.
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Under the scheme of the County Council for dealing with Tuberculosis provision is made for— (a) The Diagnosis, Supervision, and Treatment of Patients as Out Patients at the County Council's Tuberculosis Dispensaries. (b) The Treatment as In Patients of suitable cases at Residential Institutions. The facilities provided are available to residents in all parts of the County suffering from any form of the disease. Dr. Atkinson, one of the County Council Tuberculosis Medical Officers, attends weekly at the Tuberculosis Dispensary, 156, High Street, Uxbridge. Pulmonary Tuberculosis. With very few exceptions all parents in need of Institutional Treatment are accommodated at the following Institutions. Number of Beds. Type of Case. Adults Children.
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M. F. Middlesex County Council Sanatorium, Harefield 129 129 64 Sanatorium and 8 observation (children) Middlesex County Council Dispensary, Bell Road, Hounslow 9 7 Observation Middlesex County Council Hospital, Twickenham Road, Isleworth 40 Hospital Clare Hall, South Minns 120 66 Late Sanatorium and Hospital Surgical Tuberculosis. The County Council has six beds for Children reserved for its use at the Victoria House, Margate. In all other cases application for admission is made to one or other of the existing institutions approved by the Ministry of Health, for the treatment of Surgical Tuberculosis. In every case Institutional Treatment is provided on the basis of the payment of a suitable contribution by the patient or relatives if the means of the family justify this. 10 Full enquiry is made into the financial circumstances of each patient recommended for admission to an Institution and the amount of contribution to be asked for, decided by the Health Sub-Committee or Chairman.
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Hospitals provided or subsidised by the Local Authority or by the County Council. Disease. Hospitals available for the District. Supported by Situation. Nature of the present Accom'd'n. Fever Isolation Hosp. Hillingdon Small Pox Isolation Hosp. Yeading Other Diseases Cottage Hosp. Uxbridge There is no institutional provision for unmarried mothers, illegitimate infants, and homeless children in the district. Pathological specimens may be sent to a Laboratory for examination by any Medical Man in the district. The cost of these examinations is borne by the Council. Ambulance Facilities. (a) For infectious cases : Supplied by the Joint Isolation Hospital at Hillingdon. (b) For non-infectious and accident cases : One Ambulance available at Uxbridge on payment. This was used three times. A Mortuary has been built and fully equipped for the holding of Coroner's Court and for Post Mortem operations. It was used on 4 occasions.
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SANITARY ADMINISTRATION. List of Byelaws and Adoptive Acts in force in the District. New Byelaws with respect to new streets and buildings and nuisances have been approved by M. of H., and are now in operation. Private Street Works Act, 1892. Public Health Acts Amendment Act, 1890, Part 3. Public Health Acts Amendment Act, 1907, Part 4. 11 Infectious Diseases Prevention Act, 1890. Section 50 of part 3 P.H.A.A. Act, 1907. PUBLIC HEALTH STAFF. The Public Health Staff consists of a Surveyor, who also acts as Sanitary Inspector and a part-time Medical Officer of Health. SUMMARY ANNUAL SANITARY REPORT.
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Enquiries into Infectious Diseases 43 Patients removed to Hospital 43 Rooms disinfected after Infectious Disease 43 Complaints re Gipsies investigated 5 New Drains Tested 16 Petrol Stores Inspected 9 Inspections and re-inspections of new buildings in course of erection 70 House Inspections and re-inspections 237 Dumps Inspected and re-inspected 16 Dairies, etc.
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Inspections 25 Fried Fish Shops 24 Choked Drains cleared 5 New Dust-bins provided 10 Dampness of Walls remedied 71 Defective Grates repaired 39 Defective Windows repaired 30 Defective Chimneys repaired 8 Defective Doors repaired 12 Defective Floors and Skirting repaired 38 Defective Ceilings repaired 26 Defective Coppers repaired 7 New Sinks procured 4 Roofs repaired 18 Yard Paving relaid 13 Sink Channellings repaired 8 Pointing to Walls renewed 5 Dirty Walls cleaned 85 12 Dirty Ceilings cleaned 55 Rooms ventilated 5 Down-pipes from Roofs repaired or renewed 10 Roof Guttering repaired 11 New W.C.