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PERSONAL CLEANSING The Borough Council maintains two personal Cleansing Stations, one being at Plumstead (adjoining the Turkish Baths in Plumstead High Street), and the other at the Lionel Road Centre, Eltham. LABORATORY FACILITIES A large part of the Council's pathological and allied work in relation to the diagnosis, prevention and control of infectious diseases is undertaken at the Southern Group Laboratory at the Hither Green Hospital, Lewisham. This service is provided by the Public Health Laboratory Service. Specimens sent to this Laboratory include samples of milk and Ice-cream, samples of food in suspected food poisoning cases, specimens of meat from the local slaughterhouse, and samples of swimming bath water. swimming bath water. The following summary relates to the work carried out by the Laboratory on behalf of the Council during 1963:- Type of Specimen No. Examined Ice-cream (Methylene Blue test) 2 Milk (Statutory tests on Pasteurised, Sterilised and T.T.

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milks) 178 Food 2 Water (from swimming baths, paddling and boating pools) 21 Organs from Animal Carcases (Sections) 12 215 -69 • The examination of specimens of human origin (mainly swab examinations) for the general practitioners in the Borough, and also specimens referred to the Hospital from local clinics, is undertaken by the Woolwich Group Hospital Management Committee at the Brook Hospital and at the St. Nicholas Hospital. The convenience of this service is much appreciated by the local doctors and by the Department. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface 2 Health Committee 4 Staff 4 General Statistics 7 Vital Statistics 7 Public Health Administration 19 Old People's Welfare 32 Housing 37 Health Education 42 Inspection and Supervision of Food 49 Clean Air 57 Infectious Diseases (including Disinfection, Disinfestation and Personal Cleansing) 63 Laboratory Facilities 69 -70-

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AC. 7372 w0064 METROPOLITAN BOROUGH OF WOOLWICH ANNUAL REPORT on the Health of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich for the Year 1964 BY T. STANDRING, M.D., B.S., D.P.H., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.R.S.H. Medical Officer of Health METROPOLITAN BOROUGH OF WOOLWICH ANNUAL REPORT on the Health of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich for the Year 1964 by T. Standring,M.D.,B.S.,D.P.H.,M.R.C.S.,L.R.C.P.,F.R.S.H. Medical Officer of Health PREFACE HEALTH REPORT FOR THE METROPOLITAN BOROUGH OF WOOLWICH, 1964 Ladies and Gentlemen, I have the honour to present the 64th and last Annual Report on the health of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich.

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The publication of this Report had, of necessity, to be delayed due to the reorganisation of London Local Government. Turing the whole of the year 1964 detailed arrangements were being made for the merging of the Local Authority Health and Welfare Services into one new Department so that there would be no disruption of the local services. The merging of the Local Authority Health and Welfare Services Into a combined Health and Welfare Department of the new Borough of Greenwich has been widely welcomed as giving a wonderful opportunity to expand this work and, at the same time to preserve the best of the old foundations well and truly laid by the former Authorities, Before closing the Preface to my last Report I should like briefly to refer to the chief events in 1964 so far as the old Woolwich area is concerned. The infant death rate for the Borough of Woolwich was for the second year, the lowest on record at 16.9. a similar figure to that for the year 1960.

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It is indeed gratifying to report that during the year there were only three deaths attributable to tuberculosis. This is an astonishing fact which even 20 years ago would have been thought Impossible to achieve. This remarkable reduction is the result of continuous efforts over many years by the Chest Physicians; the greatly improved methods of detecting chest disease; the better utilization of the preventive services; the success of the B.C.G. vaccination scheme; and, of course, the modern drugs available. One disturbing aspect of the Borough's statistics continues to be the increasing number of deaths from cancer, totalling 366 in the year 1964. This is by far the highest number on record for the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich, and an increase of 39 on the previous year. 99 of the cancer deaths were from carcinoma of the lung or bronchus. I can only again stress the seriousness of smoking and the need for more publicity and a greater awareness of 2 the risks involved amongst the general public.

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The impetus of recent years in the rapid expansion of the Health Services was maintained in 1964, advances being made in many directions. An important start was made during 1964 in the administration of the new Offices and Shops Act, which is designed to raise the general working conditions in these premises. Altogether 1,992 premises were registered during the year and of these 302 received an initial detailed inspection. In the premises registered at the end of the year over 10,000 persons were employed. Generally, local offices are reasonably satisfactory, although in a small minority their conditions left much to be desired. The general standard has much improved in recent years due to a large increase in new office building. With regard to the conditions in shop premises, there are still several shops, particularly in older parts of the Borough, which are below the minimum standard and strenuous efforts are being made to bring about an early improvement.

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During 1964, despite the imminent transfer of functions to the new Borough requiring detailed planning, rapid strides were nevertheless made in the Council's Clean Air Programme. In addition, the services for the elderly were being constantly expanded. Details of this work are contained in the body of the Report. Woolwich can look back with pride on its achievements in health and welfare since its formation in 1900. The Borough has been fortunate in always having an enlightened and progressive Council, and it has been my honour and privilege to serve them for the last 24 years. This Report would be most incomplete if I did not record my grateful thanks to the members and to the staff, both of my own and other Departments, for their unfailing support and help. Your obedient Servant, T. STANDRING. HEALTH COMMITTEE at 31st December, 1964 THE WORSHIPFUL THE MAYOR (Councillor D.S. Ramsey, J.P.) Councillor G.E.

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Offord, J.P. (Chairman) Councillor Mrs. H. Stroud (Vice-Chairman) Alderman E. McCarthy. Councillors J.W. Andrews, L.C.C. Mrs. W.H.M. Hulbert A.J.J. Ashford Mrs. C.B. Jeffrey Mrs. M.J.M. Bradley A.J. Mitchell Mrs. S.M. Bradley F.B. Newland Mrs. E. Brooks H.F. Reilly Mrs. E.G. Bunce N.R.J. Sims G.S. Dean Mrs. N.A.E. Woods L.A. Heath HEALTH DEPARTMENT STAFF Medical Officer of Health T. STANDRING, M.D.,B.S.,D.P.H.,M.R.C.S.,L.R.C.P.,F.R.S.H. Chief Health Inspector- F.A.

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ANDREW, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods. Public Health Inspectors F.J. HOINES, Cert.P.H.Insn.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods - (Senior Food Inspector). W.F.R. WHEAL, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods (Senior Housing Inspector). W.E. McLELLAND, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods; Cert.Smoke Insp. - (Smoke Inspector). MISS M.F. THOMAS, G.M., Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods; State Registered Nurse; State Certificated Midwife; Health Visitor's Cert, (Public Health Inspector). 4 E.R. REES, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Poods; Cert.Smoke Insp.

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(Pood Inspector). W.P.N. TROUGHTON, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods (Licensed and Registered Food Premises, Disinfection and Disinfestation, etc. Inspector). K.S. COOPER, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods (District Inspector). J.B. O'CONNELL, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert. Smoke Insp. (Smoke Control Inspector). R.H. PASTERFIELD, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Poods (District Inspector). J.HACKER, Cert. P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods (Food Inspector). J. HILLS, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods; Cert.Smoke Insp.

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(District Inspector) (Resigned 31,8.64). N.E. BROOM, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Smoke Insp. (Smoke Control Inspector). B. TAYLOR, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods; Cert.Smoke Insp. (District Inspector). J.W. DENNARD, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods; Cert.Smoke Insp. (Rodent Inspector). D. SIMPSON, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board; Cert.Meat and Other Foods; Cert.Smoke Insp. (District Inspector). C. OAKINS, Cert.P.H.Insp.Exam.Joint Board (District Inspector). Student Public Health Inspectors P. COONEY S. OFFORD 5 Public Health Welfare Visitors MRS. V. ALIEN, State Registered Nurse; Health Visitor's Cert.

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MISS O. DWYER, State Registered Nurse; Health Visitor's Cert. MRS. C.A. QURESHI, State Registered Nurse; Health Visitor's Cert. Hygiene Assistant MRS. L. RISBY Public Analyst (Part-time) H. AMPHLETT WILLIAMS, Ph.D.(Lond.), A.C.G.F.C.,F.R.I.C. Administrative and Clerical Chief Assistant A. HEALEY, LL.B.,A.C.C.S. Senior Assistant R.E. SWEETT, D.M.A. Assistants J.E. KAY, D.M.A. G.C. RYAN R.E. BROWN D.M. GIBBS MRS. W.E. ELLISON MRS. J. BARYLSKI W.H. MAY MRS. F.E. WEBB MISS O. ANDERSON MRS. P.P. HOLMES MISS M.E.

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HUDSON MISS V. CHASTEAUNEUF MISS M.G. DOYLE MISS P. WILIMOTH MISS S.M. CLARKE MISS B.Y. LOFT MISS J.M. PASTON G. PORTIS. 6 GENERAL STATISTICS Area of Borough: 8,282 statute acres. Number of dwellings: 46,172 Number of persons per acre: 18.08 Total Rateable Value: £7,958,360 (including Government property) Product of Id. rate: £32,143 VITAL STATISTICS Extracts from the vital statistics for the year, with comparative figures for 1963 arc shown in the following Table:- TABLE NO. 1 1963 1964 Estimated mid-year Home Population 148,690 149,810 Live Births - Legitimate 2,249 2,326 Illegitimate 159 163 Total Live Births 2,4o8 2,489 Birth Rate 16.2 16.

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7 Stillbirths 38 38 Stillbirths - Rate per 1,000 total births 15.5 15.0 Total Deaths 1,790 1,583 Death Rate per 1,000 population 12.0 10.6 Maternal Deaths 1 l Death Rate from Puerperal Causes per 1,000 total births 0.4 0.4 Deaths of Infants under one year 62 42 Death Rate of Infants under one year 28.9 16.9 Neo-natal Mortality Rate 17.0 11.25 Deaths from Tuberculosis (all forms) 16 3 Deaths from Cancer (all ages) 327 366 BIRTHS The number of live births registered in Woolwich during 1964 was 3,286. After correction for inward and outward transfers, the net number of Woolwich live births was 2,489 being 81 more than the previous year.

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Of the total births 1,269 were boys and 1,220 girls. 7 The adjusted birth rate was 18.0 compared with the birth rate for London of 20.0 and that for England and Wales of 18.4. There were 38 stillbirths during the year. MARRIAGES There were 1,154 marriages in the Borough during 1964, of which 763 took place in Churches; the remaining 391 took place at the Woolwich Register Office. Of the number of marriages which took place in Churches in the Borough, Registrars of Marriage attended on 114 occasions. DEATHS The number of deaths registered in Woolwich was 1,583 and after correction for inward and outward transfers the net number was 1,571 giving a death rate of 10.6 for the Borough, compared with 12.9 the previous year. Of the total deaths, 636 (or 40.2 per cent.) were 75 yers of age or over.

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The adjusted death rate for Woolwich was 11.4 compared with the figure of 11.0 for London, and of 11.3 for England and Wales. Deaths of Woolwich residents in hospitals in the Borough totalled 461, whilst 468 died in other hospitals. MATERNAL DEATHS There was one maternal death during 1964, and one in the previous year, NATURAL INCREASE IN POPULATION (i.e. excess of Births over Deaths) In 1964 the natural increase in population was 906; in 1962 it was 668; and in 1963 it was 6l8. INQUESTS Sixty-four inquests were held on Woolwich residents during the year, and 434 post-mortems on Woolwich residents were carried out on behalf of the Coroner. 8 INFANT MORTALITY There were 42 infant deaths, being 20 less than in the previous year.

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The infant death rate was 16.9 compared with 20.0 for England and Wales, and 21.2 for London. DEATHS FROM CANCER Of the total number of deaths, 351 were from Cancer (excluding Sarcoma), being 32 more than in the previous year. Of these, 179 occurred in men, and 172 in women. More than half the Cancer deaths (294) took place in hospitals. The following Tables give details of Woolwich deaths from Cancer. TABLE NO.

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2 WOOLWICH DEATHS FROM CANCER OF THE LUNG AND BRONCHUS, 1953-1964 Year Lung Bronchus Total Deaths in Hospitals Male Female Male Female 1954 11 6 31 8 56 40 1955 17 4 43 4 68 56 1956 23 3 43 4 73 50 1957 18 9 48 5 80 38 1958 15 9 46 12 82 48 1959 17 4 37 9 67 49 1960 18 1 50 6 75 46 1961 22 4 49 9 84 54 1962 26 7 44 7 84 44 1963 19 4 45 8 76 41 1964 19 9 58 13 99 78 9 TABLE NO. 3

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WOOLWICH DEATHS FROM CANCER (including all other specified Malignant Tumours) Year Men Women Total Deaths Deaths in Hospitals 1944 128 95 279 116 1945 134 133 267 88 1946 123 115 238 143 1947 130 130 260 135 1948 138 l4l 279 138 1949 172 128 300 159 1950 175 155 330 173 1951 149 139 288 152 1952 166 151 317 150 1953 184 125 309 169 1954 145 148 293 193 1955 186 130 316 219 1956 176 137 313 183 1957 158 155 313 158 1958 168 149 317 151 1959 158 140 298 176 1960 162 154 316

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188 1961 200 138 338 211 1962 188 127 315 162 1963 169 158 327 166 1964 187 179 366 294 TABLE NO. 4 CANCER DEATHS (EXCLUDING SARCOMA) WOOLWICH.

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1964 - SEAT OF PRIMARY DISEASE Male Female Total Deaths in Hospitals Stomach 25 15 40 34 Bronchus 58 13 71 70 Lung 19 9 28 20 Breast - 36 36 30 Colon 12 19 31 27 Pancreas 13 7 20 15 Rectum 9 10 19 14 Uterus - 12 12 6 Prostate 11 - 11 9 Ovary - 9 9 6 Bladder 4 4 8 7 Liver 4 4 8 7 Caecum 1 5 6 3 Oesophagus 6 6 12 9 Kidney 1 1 2 1 Larynx 3 1 4 3 Tongue - — - - Others and Unspecified 13 21 34 33 Total: 179 172 351 294 10 TABIE NO.

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5 - NET DEATHS DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR 1964 Causes of Death All Ages Under 1 Year 1 and under 5 Years 5 and under 15 Years 15 and under 25 Years 25 and under 45 Years 45 and under 65 Years 65 and under 75 Years 75 Years and upwards. All causes 1,583 42 10 6 13 50 399 427 636 Tuberculosis,respiratory 3 - - - - 1 - 1 1 Tuberculosis, other - - - - - - - - - Syphilitic disease 4 - - - - - 1 2 1 Other infective and parasitic diseases 6 1 1 1 - - 2 1 - Malignant,neoplasm,stomach 40 - - - - 2 6 14 18 Malignant neoplasm,lung,

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bronchus 99 - - - - - 46 29 24 Malignant neoplasm,breast 36 - - - - 2 16 10 8 Malignant neoplasm,uterus 12 - - - - - 2 7 3 Other malignant and lymphatic neoplasms 166 - 1 1 — 12 51 43 58 Leukaemia, aleukaemia 13 - - - - 2 3 6 2 Diabetes 10 - - - - - 1 3 6 Vascular lesions of nervous system 154 - - - - 1 26 45 82 Coronary disease,

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angina 357 - - - - 6 106 115 130 Hypertension with heart disease 28 - - - - 1 4 3 20 Other heart diseases 123 - 1 - - 3 28 22 69 Other circulatory diseases 78 - - - - 2 19 18 39 Influenza 2 - - - - - - - 2 Pneumonia 132 3 - - 1 - 12 35 81 Bronchitis 85 4 - - - - 14 33 34 Other diseases of respiratory system 10 - - - 1 - 6 2 1 Ulcer of stomach and duodenum 21 - - - - 1 5 8 7 Gastritis,

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enteritis and diarrhoea 10 1 - - - 1 1 2 5 Nephritis and Nephrosis 6 - - - - 1 2 1 2 Hyperplasia of prostate 9 - - - - - 2 2 5 Pregnancy, Childbirth, Abortion 1 - - - - 1 - — — Congenital malformations 14 9 1 - - - 2 1 l Other defined and illdefined diseases 103 21 4 1 1 4 22 21 29 Motor vehicle accidents 26 - 1 3 7 4 5 2 4 Other accidents 16 2 1 - 2 2 6 1 2 Suicide 17 - - - 1 3 11 - 2 Homicide 2 1 — — — 1 — — — 11 The chief Vital Statistics for the Borough since 1944 are given in the following Table:- TABLE NO.

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6 Year Population estimated to middle of each Year BIRTHS Net Deaths of the District Net Under 1 Year At all ages No. Rate No. Rate per 1,000 net Births No. Rate 1944a 110,970 2,037 18.3 83 40 1,611 14.5 1945a 115,270 2,021 18.5 83 41 1,478 12.8 1946a 134,420 2,903 21.6 91 31 1,531 11.4 1947a 140,150 3,193 22.8 87 27.2 1,626 11.6 1948a 142,800 2,527 17.7 74 29.2 1,573 11.0 1949a 144,000 2,504 17.4 72 28.7 1,572 10.

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9 1950b 149,000 2,172 14.6 53 24.4 1,668 11.2 1951b 149,800 2,273 15.1 63 27.7 1,838 12.3 1952b 151,800 2,199 14.4 47 21.4 1,667 10.9 1953b 151,000 2,090 13.8 48 22.9 1,569 10.4 1954b 149,700 2,035 13.5 37 18.1 1,443 9.6 1955b 148,500 1,971 13.2 39 19.7 1,537 10.3 1956b 147,500 1,953 13.2 37 18.9 1,524 10.4 1957b 146,

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200 2,038 13.9 53 26.0 1,504 10.3 1958b 144,600 2,003 13.8 40 20.0 1,514 10.5 1959b 144,800 1,972 13.6 41 20.8 1,542 10.6 1960b 145,470 2,179 14.9 37 16.9 1,424 9.8 1961b 146,850 2,156 14.7 38 17.6 1,616 11.0 1962b 148,140 2,248 15.1 44 19.5 1,580 10.7 1963b 148,690 2,4o8 16.2 62 28.9 1,790 12.0 1964b 149,810 2,

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489 16.7 42 16.9 1,583 10.6 a - Civil population. b - Home population (Civil and resident Armed Forces) 12 PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC HEALTH INSPECTIONS OF THE AREA The Public Health Inspectors carried out 32,430 Inspections, including reinspections, during 1964. The nature of the inspections is shown in Table No. 7. As a result of the inspections made, 512 Intimation Notices and 274 Statutory Notices were served, TABLE NO.

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7 - INSPECTIONS Complaints investigated 1,427 Tents and Vans 13 Complaints (reinspections) 2,338 Public Houses 179 Outworkers premises 180 Theatres and Cinemas 12 Houses re overcrowding 40 Hairdressers and Barbers 76 New Houses re water supply 706 Houses re disinfection or destruction of articles 22 Houses re infectious diseases 1,149 Houses re vermin Council housing applicants 117 Factories mechanically powered 159 check re vermin 1,087 Factories non-mechanically powered 55 Housing Act inspections 288 Housing Act-Improvement Grants 257 Shops Act inspections 1,055 Food Premises 160 Houses re Certificates of Disrepair 48 Complaints re food 47 Houses, visits with owners, builders, etc.

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266 Water sampling and testing 23 Rodent Control 980 Houses re Slum Clearance and Redevelopment 350 Atmospheric Pollution 991 Houses re Smoke Control Areas 2,866 Pet Animals Premises 59 Visits re insect and other pests 585 Houses re Smoke Control Areas (reinspections) 4,l60 Shops re Pharmacy and Poisons 178 Men's lavatories 42 Women's lavatories 36 Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act, 1963 inspections 382 Houses re choked drains 241 Drainage inspections 555 Miscellaneous visits 4.108 Non-effectual visits 5,555 13 TABLE NO, 8-NUISANCES ABATED Dirty conditions remedied 121 Ceilings repaired or renewed 33 Roofs repaired 134 Gutters, rainwater pipes, etc, repaired or renewed 105 Lighting and ventilation defects remedied 274 Damp walls and other damp conditions remedied 276 Areas and yards paved or repaired 19 Fireplaces, hearths, flues etc.

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repaired or renewed 18 Sinks, S.W. pipes, etc. repaired or renewed 65 Floors, skirting and other woodwork 71 Drains cleansed 318 Drains repaired or reconstructed 69 Water closets cleansed and repaired 38 Dustbins provided 19 Water closet pans and traps fixed 11 Other dilapidations remedied 167 Water closet seats repaired or renewed 18 Foul accumulations removed. 39 Water supply defects remedied 177 Houses repaired following informal action 585 Windows repaired or renewed 197 Houses repaired following formal action 249 Walls repaired or renewed 358 PUBLIC HEALTH (LONDON) ACT, 1936-LEGAL PROCEEDINGS It was not found necessary during the course of the year to institute legal proceedings under the provisions of the Public Health (London) Act, 1936 in order to enforce the requirements of the various statutory notices served.

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WATER SUPPLY By the end of the year under review, it was estimated that the number of occupied dwellings in the Borough totalled 46,172. The domestic water supply to all the dwellings in the area is provided by the Metropolitan Water Board, Bacteriological and chemical tests, including those for radioactivity, are carried out by the Metropolitan Water Board and the results of the various tests are forwarded to the Council at regular intervals. The water in this area is not subject to plumbo-solvent action. 14 No complaints were received during the year as to quantity or quality of the water. Samples of water taken for bacteriological examination throughout the course of the year from the seven wells still in use in the Borough proved the water to be satisfactory. Well water is used at the Council's swimming baths at Woolwich and Plumstead, as well as for industrial and firefighting purposes.

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HAIRDRESSERS AND BARBERS SHOPS The Council have Byelaws governing the cleanliness of haidressers and barbers shops and equipment used therein. Persons carrying on the business of hairdressers or barbers are also required, as are the shop premises, to be registered under Section 18 of the London County Council (General Powers) Act, 1954. At the end of the year the number of premises on the Council's Register was as follows:- Ladies' Hairdressers 64 Men's " 48 Combined (Ladies' and 11 Men's Hairdressers) Regular inspections of the premises are carried out by the Public Health Inspectorate. BETTING, GAMING AND LOTTERIES ACTS, 1963/64 In accordance with the requirements of the Betting, Gaming and Lotteries Acts, the Council issue permits in respect of amusements with prizes. Before applications from proprietors of cafes, restaurants or public houses are considered reports are required from the Health Department as to the suitability of the premises.

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During the year twelve inspections were carried out and reports submitted to the Town Clerk. 15 LICENSING ACT, 1961 - APPLICATIONS FOR CLUB REGISTRATION Applications for Club registration under the provisions of the Licensing Act are dealt with at the local Magistrate's Court. However, before the applications are considered by the Magistrate copies are forwarded to the Council for observation. Visits are made to the premises requiring registration by the Public Health Inspectors to ensure that the minimum requirements as a Public Health and Food and Drugs Authority are met. Reports were made in respect of 23 club premises during the year. PIGEON NUISANCE The Health Department continued to take such measures as were possible to reduce the nuisance from pigeons in the Borough, and the total number of birds destroyed by the end of the year was 668. The main method is by trapping, using specially designed traps for the purpose, and in addition to the birds destroyed a considerable number of pigeon eggs were collected and also destroyed.

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OUTWORKERS The houses of persons employed on outwork are periodically Inspected by the Public Health Inspectors to ensure that working conditions and cleanliness are satisfactory, and the latest returns received from employers of outworkers indicate that the number of persons employed as outworkers totalled 140. A further 130 persons who live outside the area of the Borough are, however, employed by local industry. The nature of the work is as follows:- -16- Nature of Work No. of Outworkers in August list required by Sec. 110(1)(c). No. of cases of default in sending lists to Council. Prosecutions for failure to supply lists. No. of instances of work in unwholesome premises. Notices served. Prosecutions. Wearing Apparel (Making etc.

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cleaning & washing) 65 - - - - - Household linen 2 - - - - - Leather Goods 2 - - - - - Lampshades 70 - - - - - Artificial Flowers Nil - - - - - Xmas Crackers Nil - - - - - Cardboard Boxes 1 - - - - - Total: 140 - - - - - FACTORIES ACT, 1961 DETAILS OF INSPECTIONS CARRIED OUT DURING 1964 PREMISES No. on Register Inspections Written Notices Occupiers Prosecuted. (i) Factories in which Sections 1,2,3,4 and 6 of the Act of 1961 are to be enforced by Local Authorities. 10 55 - - (ii) Factories not Included in (i) in which Sec. 7 is enforced by the Local Authority. 251 159 10 - (iii) Other premises in which Sec. 7 is enforced by the Local Authority (excluding Outworkers' premises).

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- - - - Total: 261 214 10 - 17 CASES IN WHICH DEFECTS WERE FOUND AND REMEDIED DEFECTS No. of cases in which defects were found Prosecutions instituted. Found Remedied Referred to H.M.

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Inspector Referred by H.M Inspector Want of cleanliness 4 4 - - - Overcrowding - - - - - Inadequate ventilation - - - - - Unreasonable temperature - - - - - Ineffective drainage of floors - - - - - Sanitary conveniences:- (a) Insufficient - - - - - (b) Unsuitable or defective 6 6 - 6 - (c) Not separate for sexes - - - - - Other offences against the Act (not including offences relating to Outworkers) - - - - - Total: 10 10 - 6 - DUSTBINS During the year seven notices were served on owners of premises in the Borough under the provisions of Section 12 of the London County Council (General Powers) Act, 1954 requiring the supply of new dustbins. The notices were complied with in each case. Following informal action a further 62 defective dustbins were replaced by new ones.

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DRAINAGE The Public Health Inspectors supervised the necessary work of cleansing, repair or reconstruction of the 387 drainage defects found during the year by the Department's staff. Smoke tests or colour tests were applied on 33 private or combined drains suspected of being defective. 23 drains were subsequently found to be defective ana the necessary repairs were carried out by the owners of the premises. Two defective drains found on test to be no longer in use, were subsequently sealed off by the Health Department's staff. 18 PUBLIC SWIMMING BATHS AND PADDLING POOLS Sampling of water from the Council's swimming baths is carried out as a matter of routine throughout the year and testing for pH reaction and chlorine content is undertaken by the Health Department. Samples of water were also submitted to the Southern Group Laboratory, Hither Green, for bacteriological examination. Average results of the tests and examinations are shown below:- Probable No. of Bacillus Coli per 100 m.l. Average pH.

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Value Average free Chlorine p. p. m. Average temperature . Plate Count. Yeastrel agar 2 days at 37°C. aerobically per m.l. Swimming Baths Nil 7.7 1.6 80°F. 94 Paddling and Boating Pools 1 8.1 0.07 - 144 RENT ACT. 1957 The following applications for various Certificates under the provisions of the Rent Act were dealt with during the year:- 1. Applications for Certificates of Disrepair 13 2. Notices to landlords of the Council's intention to issue a Certificate of Disrepair 10 3. Certificates of Disrepair issued 3 4. Undertakings received from landlords, and accepted by the Council 4 5. Works completed after issue of Notices to landlords of the Council's intention to issue a Certificate of Disrepair Nil 6.

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Applications for Cancellation of Certificates of Disrepair 6 19 7. Certificates of Disrepair cancelled without objections 5 8. Applications for Cancellation of Certificates of Disrepair refused 1 9. Applications from landlords for Certificates as to the remedying of defects for which the landlord had previously given an undertaking 2 10. Certificates issued to landlords as to the remedying of defects for which the landlord had previously given an undertaking 2 11. Applications from tenants for Certificates as to the remedying of defects for which the landlord had previously given an undertaking Nil 12. Certificates Issued to tenants as to the remedying of defects for which the landlord had previously given an undertaking Nil RODENT CONTROL During the year 1,148 complaints of rats, and 677 of mice, were received and, in addition to investigating these complaints, systematic inspection under the 'block control' system was continued.

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In all 5,687 premises were inspected, and of this total 3,761 premises were under the 'block control' scheme. Seven 'block control' schemes were carried out in the course of the year. The number of premises, including 158 business or industrial premises, treated for rats or mice totalled 1,825. Rodent control treatments are carried out by the Council free of charge in all private dwellings; for industrial and business premises a charge is made. Where it is found that defects of a structural nature are causing or aggravating an infestation of rodents the remedy is taken up with the owner of the premises. Sixteen drains suspected as a cause of rat infestation were smoke tested by the Department's staff, and in nine cases the tests proved positive. The defective drains were subsequently repaired by the owners. Formal action to secure the remedy of the defects was not found to be necessary. For the third year running the poison Sodium Fluoracetamide was used for the control of rats in sewers.

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Due to the undoubted success of this poison over the 20 previous two years, it was considered necessary to bait only twice during the year instead of the usual four times a year. The results of the "takes" indicated that the rats in the sewers treated with Sodium Fluroacetamide had been to all intents and purposes, eliminated. RAG FLOCK There are three premises in the Borough registered under the provisions of the Rag Flock and Other Filling Materials Act, 1951 and one factory is licensed under the Act for the manufacture of rag flock. During the year four samples of rag flock were taken and submitted for analysis. All the samples tested passed the prescribed standards of cleanliness. CINEMAS A satisfactory standard of cleanliness was maintained in the sanitary conveniences of the various cinemas in the Borough. Inspections of the conveniences are carried out by the Public Health Inspectors at regular intervals.

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SHOPS ACT INSPECTIONS The administration of the Shops Act is divided between the County Council and Borough Council; the Borough being responsible for ventilation, sanitary accommodation, lighting, washing facilities, and facilities for employees to take meals. The number of inspections in connection with the Act made during the year was 1,055. As a result, 42 notices were served to secure the remedy of 97 defects found. PHARMACY AND POISONS ACT, 1933 Persons who sell Part II poisons, other than Registered Pharmacists, are required to be licensed by the Local Authority, and. at the end of the year 130 names were entered in the Council's Poison List. 21 The premises from which Part II poisons are sold are visited regularly throughout the year and licences are renewed annually.

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NOISE ABATEMENT The Report of the Wilson Committee (the Committee on the Problem of Noise) which deals with noise-its effects, the legal aspects and various causes of noise-transport, industrial, entertainment, advertising, agricultural-has defined noise as "sound which is undesired by the recipient" and categorically states that "there is no doubt that noise affects health". The Report recommends that "Local Authorities and the Courts should be encouraged to deal with noise nuisance cases as quickly as possible". In order to alleviate possible distress from noise, complaints of this nature are dealt with by this Department as soon as practicable, even though the investigation often involves visits during weekends, late evenings and early mornings. An example was a complaint received from a resident of a terraced house that a dance band was using the adjoining premises as a rehearsal hall. The Public Health Inspector visited the house during the following evening and the members of the band were advised to seek alternative accommodation where their playing was not likely to cause a nuisance.

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Machinery, particularly when used at night or during the early hours of the morning, often gives rise to complaints and a number of complaints involving machines and engines were investigated. Neighbours of a baker's shop alleged that stocks were delivered to the shop at about 5.00 a.m. and the resultant banging of doors and thoughtless handling of the goods meant the loss of sleep. The Public Health Inspector kept observation and was able to confirm a noise nuisance. The Proprietor was instructed to see that the van making the deliveries was unloaded quietly or, alternatively, arrange for the van to call at a more reasonable hour. No further complaints were received from these residents. A local transport garage was the subject of a similar complaint. Drivers arriving at the garage between 5.00 a.m.-6.00 a.m. raced the engines of their vehicles on cold mornings as a means of warming them and then left the motors running for a considerable period of time before driving away.

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The attention of the Management was drawn to the annoyance and appropriate notices were subsequently displayed in the garage by the Management warning their staff to refrain from creating undue noise, especially in the early hours of the morning. 22 A more serious nuisance investigated was that of a factory which opened up in most unsuitable premises immediately adjoining residential properties. The factory was engaged on wood machining of all kinds, involving the use of power-driven saws, planes, etc. Not only was the noise excessive, but the fire precautions and general layout for a factory of this type were entirely unsuitable. The District Surveyor and Factory Inspector were notified of the conditions under which the factory was operating, and following their intervention the business was closed down. All noise complaints,however, cannot be resolved as satisfactorily from the complainant's point of view as the foregoing cases.

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What constitutes a noise nuisance for some people is often unnoticed by others, as was illustrated by a resident who complained that students driving cars owned by a local driving school used the particular stretch of road outside his house to practice three-point turns. The Public Health Inspector sat in the complainant's living room the following Saturday and Sunday afternoons when it was alleged the noise nuisance, by virtue of the number of times this incident occurred, was at its peak. Although the engines of the cars involved were clearly audible they were no noisier than that of any average private car, and the Public Health Inspector was unable to satisfy himself of the existence of a noise nuisance. Nevertheless, a number of the other residents in the area were interviewed to obtain their reactions. The neighbours of the complainant interviewed, however, had no complaint to make on the presence of the cars in the road on the grounds of noise. An.

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approach was then made to the owner of the driving school, and he was advised of the complaint and requested to ask his instructors to take the pupils somewhere else to practice turns. The Proprietor denied that his cars caused any undue nuisance and was not prepared to discontinue using this particular stretch of road. The Police were also consulted for their views but could offer no assistance in the matter, and accordingly the complainant was advised of the powers conferred by the Noise Abatement Act, 1960 whereby any three or more persons aggrieved by a nuisance shall have recourse to the Court by way of private action. 23 Various other noise nuisances were investigated and concluded satisfactorily throughout the year, including noisy motor scooters, shop-fitters using power tools at weekends, and water pipes. The Health Committee considered a complaint from a resident alleging that a driver of an ice-cream van used loud speaker chimes outside the hours of 12 noon - 7.00 p.m. permitted by the Noise Abatement Act.

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Subject to the availability of satisfactory evidence the Committee authorised the institution of legal proceedings. It was not proved possible, however, to proceed with legal proceedings as the van driver concerned left the employment of the ice-cream company and also moved to an unknown address. WOODWORK AND OTHER PESTS Following complaints from residents that their premises were infested with various pests, the Public Health Inspectors made 585 visits to identify the insects and advise occupiers on methods of disinfestation. Where occupiers or owners request that the Council carry out the actual work of disinfestation on their behalf and it is undertaken by the Health Department's staff, the costs involved are recovered from the occupier or owner. During the course of the year, 39 houses were treated for woodworm, 3 premises for cockroaches, (2 of which were Council establishments), 2 premises for heavy fly infestations, and one for ants. Wild bees and wasps nesting in gardens, outbuildings or in air-bricks, etc.

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of residents' houses resulted in a number of complaints to the Department, and in all 33 wasps nests, and 11 wild bees nests were destroyed by the Department's staff using Dieldrin Powder. Charges made to the responsible persons for the work outlined above totalled £147.2.6. -24- OFFICES, SHOPS AND RAIIWAY PREMISES ACT, 1963 The administration of the Offices, Shops and RailwayPremises Act, 1963 was referred by the Council to the Health Committee. General Scope of the Act Provided that people are employed to work in the premises, the Act applies generally to all offices and shops, including catering establishments open to the public, wholesale establishments, and fuel storage premises; and to most railway buildings near the permanent way. The Act not only applies to rooms in shops and offices in which people work, but covers other parts of the premises occupied together with a shop or office for the purpose of the activities carried on there.

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Thus stairs, passages, landings, storerooms, entrances, exits and yards may be covered. Generally the Act also applies to parts of the buildings which are used by employees, such as lifts, stairways and halls, even if these 'common' parts are not included within the lease of the occupier of the premises to which the Act applies. While the Act has extensive coverage, certain kinds of premises, which might otherwise be within its scope are excluded. These are:- (1) Premises where only self-employed persons work. (To be within the scope of the Act there must be at least one person employed to work in the premises under a contract of service or apprenticeship. Such a contract may be written or oral, express or implied.) (2) Businesses where the only people employed are any of the following immediate relatives of the employer husband, wife, parent, grandparent, son, daughter, grandchild, brother or sister. (This exclusion, however, does not apply if 'the employer is a limited company).

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If any other person is employed to work in the premises the business' is covered by the Act. (3) Outworkers premises. (4) Premises where the sum of hours worked by all the employees is normally not more than 21 each week. -25- (5) Premises bdcupied solely by members of the Armed Forces. (6) Premises used for selling fish wholesale in docks. (7) Parts of mines below ground. (8) Mobile offices and mobile shops, (in effect the Act excludes premises used for temporary purposes, i.e. offices on building sites not in occupation more than six months). All persons employed to work in the premises, whatever their occupation, are given the same protection by the Act. The protection is not restricted to shop or clerical workers and certain railway workers who do their normal work outside buildings are deemed for this purpose to be inside the building from which their rork is controlled.

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Responsibility for Complying with the Act Generally speaking the occupier of premises is responsible for complying with the provisions of the Act, but some responsibilities are transferred to the owner in cases where the occupier's premises covered by the Act are held on lease and do not take up a whole building, or where the premises are contained in a building of which different parts are owned by different persons. General Requirements of the Act The Act is designed to protect employees in offices and shops in a similar manner to the protection enjoyed by employees in factories covered by the Factories Act, 1961. Other than fuel storage premises in the open air, the Act requires that all premises and furnishings, fittings and furniture must be kept in a clean state. The Act provides a standard to prohibit overcrowding, and provision has been made for ensuring the maintenance of a reasonable temperature in every room in which people are employed to work other than on short periods. Ventilation must be effective, and lighting must be suitable and sufficient.

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Regulations prescribe for adequate and suitable sanitary accommodation and for washing facilities. An adequate supply of drinking water must be provided, and arrangements made -26- for the storage of clothing not worn during working hours. Where employees have, during working hours, opportunities for sitting without detriment to their work, a sufficient number of conveniently accessible seats must be provided. Seats provided for sedentary workers must be of suitable design and construction and, unless the feet may be rested comfortably without their use, foot rests must also be provided. Suitable facilities must be provided for employees in shops to eat meals on the premises. All floors, passage stairs and steps must be soundly constructed, properly maintained and, as far as is reasonably practicable, kept free from obstruction and slippery substances. Substantial hand rails or hand holds must be provided on every staircase. All dangerous parts of machinery must be securely fenced, unless they are so placed or constructed as to be as safe as if they were fenced.

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No person under 18 years of age may clean any machinery if this exposes him to risk of injury from a working part from that or any other adjacent machinery. No person may work at any machine specified by the Minister of Labour as dangerous unless he has been fully instructed as to the dangers and precautions to be observed, and no person may be required in the course of his work to lift, carry or move a load so heavy as to be likely to cause him injury. A first-aid box or cupboard, containing only first-aid requisites, must be provided for the use of employees in all premises. Regulations have been made linking specific contents of first-aid boxes to the number of persons employed. Where there are more than 150 persons employed in premises at one time, one of the persons in charge of the first-aid box or cupboard must be trained in first-aid to a required standard. Fire Precautions.

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Such means of escape as are reasonably necessary must be provided in all premises, and regard must be paid in considering means of escape in the event of fire not only to the numbers of persons usually employed in the premises, but also to the number of other people that may reasonably be expected to be on the premises at any one time. During the hours when the building -27- is normally occupied, doors must not be locked and the contents of workrooms should be so arranged as to afford free passageway to a means of escape in case of fire. In premises where more than 20 persons are employed at any one time or premises where more than 10 people are employed at any one time on floors other than the ground floor, it is unlawful to employ anyone in them unless a certificate has been issued by the Fire Authority. EXEMPTIONS The Minister of Labour has power to exempt by order a class of premises from certain requirements of the Act when in his opinion it is unreasonable to require compliance because of special circumstances.

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The requirements in question are those relating to room space for employees, temperature, sanitary conveniences and washing facilities. As regards space and temperature an exemption order may relate to a class of rooms. An exemption under this scheme may be granted unconditionally or subject to conditions. If the authority enforcing are satisfied that compliance is not reasonably practicable they may exempt individual premises from the following requirements- room space for employees, temperature, sanitary conveniences, and running water for washing purposes. Where an application for exemption is made, a notice giving full particulars of the application must be kept posted in the premises for 14 days following the date on which the notice is posted. The notice must state that the employees may make written representation to the enforcing authority within the 14 day period. If an exemption is granted the certificate must be posted in the premises to which it relates in order for the employees to see it easily.

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Duties of Employers and Occupiers The cost of implementing the provisions of the Act may not be recovered from the work people employed in the premises by levying charges on them. The enforcing authority must be notified immediately of any accident which causes the death of a person employed to work in the premises, or which disables any such person for more than 3 days from doing their usual work. Deaths subsequently resulting from such accidents must also be notified. -28- As from 1st May, 1964 anyone Intending employing persons in offices, shops or railway premises, is required to send a notification on the prescribed registration form to the enforcing authority. Premises already in use on that date were required to register in the same way before the 31st July, 1964.

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Duties of Employees It is an offence for anyone on premises to which the Act applies to do wilfully anything likely to endanger the health or safety of persons employed in them, and it is also an offence for a person without reasonable cause, to deface or remove a notice or document which the Act or Regulations requires to be on display. Enforcement There are three main classes of enforcing authorities for the general provisions of the Act - local authorities, H.M. Inspectors of Factories, and H.M. Inspectors of Mines and Quarries depending on the class of premises concerned. The fire authorities are responsible for enforcing all the provisions relating to fire precautions in most premises to which the Act applies. In this Borough the Fire Authority Is the London County Council. The various classes of premises to which the Act applies are divided between the three enforcing authorities as follows (1) H.M. Inspectors of Factories administer the Act in - (a) Premises owned or occupied by the Crown.

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(b) Premises occupied by county councils, local fire and police authorities, probation committees. (c) Premises provided and maintained by county councils and local authorities for purposes connected with the administration of justice. (d) Premises in a school maintained by the local education authority. (e) U.K. Atomic Energy establishments. (f) Offices and shops in factories and other places covered by the Factories Act, 1961. (g) Railway premises and railway offices (except offices in railway hotels and those not situated in the immediate vicinity of the permanent way). Fuel storage premises on land owned by railway undertakers. -29- (2) Premises administered by H.M. Inspectors of Mines and Quarries - (a) Offices, shops and fuel storage premises at mines and quarries. (3) Premises administered by local authorities - (a) All other offices and shops, except offices and shops in places of public entertainment, which in London are administered by the London County Council.

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Commencement of the Act and Regulations The Minister of Labour made an Order bringing into operation the various sections of the Act on different dates. Those provisions of the Act which came into force on the 1st May, 1964 included those dealing with applications for fire certificates, registration, and applications relating to exemption of any room or premises from the requirements as to overcrowding and temperature of offices, and exemption from the requirements to provide sanitary conveniences and running water. With the exception outlined below the majority of the remaining sections of the Act came into operation on the 1st August, 1964. Premises in use prior to the 31st July, 1963 (when the Act was passed) will not be subject to the numerical space standards until the 1st August, 1967* Premises, however, which were not so used on the 31st July, 1963,.including those which first came into use after that date, must conform to the required standard from 1st August, 1964.

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Regulations creating standards in connection with the section requiring suitable and sufficient washing facilities, including clean running hot and cold or warm water, together with soap and towels or other alternative means of drying or cleansing, have been made and will operate from 1st January, 1966. Also in operation from the 1st January, 1966 are the Sanitary Convenience Regulations, 1964 in which is determined what is suitable and sufficient sanitary accommodation for employees in offices, shops and railway premises. The Offices, Shops and Railway Premises First-Aid Order, 1964 prescribes the first-aid requisites and appliances to be contained in first-aid boxes or cupboards. The part of the Regulations dealing with these particular requirements came into operation on the 1st December, 1964. The remainder of the Order prescribes -30- the conditions a person is required to satisfy before he is deemed to be trained in first-aid, and will operate from the 1st September, 1965.

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Other Regulations and Orders made under the provisions of the Act include The Prescribed Dangerous Machine Order, 1964; Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act, 1963 (Exemption No.2) Order, 1964; Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Annual Reports Order, 1964; Offices, Shops in Factories (First-Aid) Regulations, 1964; Offices at Buildings, etc. (First-Aid) Regulations, 1964; Offices in Electrical Stations (First Aid) Order, 1964. Penalties for Non-Compliance In some provisions of the Act specific penalties are laid down for a contravention of the provision. General penalties in respect of offences for which no specific penalty is provided are a fine of up to £60 (or up to £^00 in the case of a contravention likely to cause death or serious injury), and a further fine of up to £15 a day for continuing offences.

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An appeal to a court of quarter sessions may be made by any person who is aggrieved by an Order made by a magistrate's court in determining a complaint. The Ministry of Labour issued to the Council a supply of the prescribed forms for registration purposes and these forms in turn were supplied to owners or occupiers of offices and shops for completion and return. The onus of initial registration rested with an owner or occupier, and all persons with premises covered by the Act were required to register with the appropriate authority by the 31st July, 1964. Although the Ministry of Labour issued numerous notices advising proprietors of businesses of their responsibilities it was found in this Department that the number of registration forms received by the end of July was considerably below the figure that it was estimated should have registered. On the other hand, in spite of the Ministry's publicity in the national press, a number of applications were received from self-employed persons or from persons employing only wives or other immediate relatives.

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The Public Health Inspectors visited all the offices and shops in the Borough that it was considered should have registered with the Council, and the appropriate forms were delivered, where necessary, for completion. -31- Those businesses from whom applications had been received unnecessarily were also visited and the requirements of the Act, as far as they were concerned, were outlined. The following are details of the premises registered during the year, together with the general inspections carried out:- Class of Premises No. of Premises Registered during the Year No. of Registered Premises receiving a general inspection Offices 186 23 Retail Shops 681 106 Wholesale Shops, Warehouses 26 5 Catering Establishments of open to Public 99 26 Canteens 3 1 Fuel Storage Depots 1 - The following Table shows the number of persons employed in the Borough in premises on the Council's register:- TABLE NO. 9 Class of Premises No.

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of Persons Employed Offices 4,112 Retail Shops 4,958 Wholesale Shops, Warehouses 420 Catering Establishments open to Public 676 Canteens 111 Fuel Storage Depots 3 Of the above 4,407 are males and 5*873 females. Section 48(1) of the Act requires employers to submit, in th approved form, reports of accidents to the enforcing authority of employees who as a result of the accident are away from work for more than 3 days, or which causes the death of an employee. I am happy to report that during the period 1st August 31st December although 16 accidents were formally reported to this Council, in the majority of instances the injuries were of a relatively minor nature. -32- The most common injury was cuts to hands and fingers sustained by assistants in butchers' shops, and several accidents were caused by slipping on over-polished floors, from stepladders or from falling downstairs or staircases.

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One person who tripped and fell down a flight of stairs cracked a bone in his foot. Another fracture occurred to the arm of an employee who tripped and fell into a shallow disused pit in a yard; - The remaining accidents reported resulted in sprains or bruises. One of the objects the Ministry hope to achieve by making it necessary for employers to report details of accidents that occur to their employees during the course of their employment, is the prevention, where possible, of similar accidents happening to employees in the future. In this connection the Public Health Inspectors fully investigated all accident notifications. Obviously, in the case of the man falling into a pit in the yard of his employers' premises, the accident may have been avoided or have been less severe if the pit had been covered. Following the Public Health Inspector's investigation and recommendation the pit was properly covered and made safe. Highly polished floors, the cause of several accidents, can be made safer if a non-slip polish is used and the responsible employers were advised accordingly.

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One employee slipped and fell off a pair of steps, caused in part because the steps were defective. A cleaner had a splinter embedded in a finger through cleaning a wooden table top. Both these articles were subsequently replaced. Not all accidents reported, however, can be attributed to negligence, or thoughtlessness or carelessness on the part of an employer. People fall over or sometimes trip up for no apparent reason, and young butcher's apprentices through lack of experience will doubtless continue to cut their fingers from time to time. Nevertheless, from the experience gained so far in this field, it appears to be an extremely worthwhile exercise to investigate the cause of all accidents occurring to employees. It is perhaps significant to note that all the accidents reported concerned employees of large organisations such as banks, chain and co-operative stores, multi-grocers shops, etc.

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Whilst by virtue of their size it could reasonably be expected that such organisations would have a larger number of accidents to report, it would seem likely that employers of units of labour without welfare or personnel departments, may be overlooking their responsibilities in notifying the Council of accidents. It may well become necessary for the Ministry of Labour (to whom returns -33- of accidents are submitted by enforcing authorities quarterly) to consider what other means can be adopted to ensure that enforcinj authorities are notified of the occurrence of all accidents to employees in registered offices and shops. CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1961 - CHIIDREN's NIGHDRESS REGULATIONS, 1964 By the Consumer Protection Act, 1961 regulations can be made by the Secretary of State imposing requirements in respect of any prescribed class of goods, to prevent or reduce risk of death or personal injury.

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The above Regulations, which came into operation on the 1st October, 1961, require that, with certain exemptions, no person may sell or have in his possession for sale a children's nightdress not complying with the Regulations. Regulation 1 relates to the materials used in the garments and, among other things, requires any fabric used to be of a kind capable of satisfying the requirements of the British Standard for fabrics "described as of low flaramability". Regulation 2 relates to the labelling of nightdresses made of fabrics which have been treated with chemicals to make them safer from fire. Under Regulation 3 the prohibition on sale of goods not complying with the Regulations will apply to goods manufactured before the coming into operation of the Regulations. All shops in the Borough selling garments of this kind were visited to check that children's nightdresses held in stock or offered for sale complied with the British Standard.

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In no instance were stocks of nightdresses held or offered for sale which did not comply in all respects with the Children's Nightdress Regulations. OLD PEOPLE'S WELFARE The year saw rapid progress in welfare services provided for old people by the Council. With the appointment of two additional Health Visitors specialising in the visiting of the elderly, it was possible to arrange for many more visits than had previously been possible. The total number of visits carried out during the year was over 18,000. Many elderly people were visited for the first time and were found to be in urgent need of health or welfare assistance; this was arranged, as appropriate, with the various domiciliary and residential services. The Council's staff were in regular contact with many organisations and individuals interested in the welfare of the elderly. A summary of the work carried out during 1964 is as follows:- No. of Old People on Register 1. 1.64 - 5,106 No.

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of Old People on Register 31.12.64 - 5,640 No. of housebound 1,148 No. of bedridden 56 No. living alone 1,105 Total No. of visits by Old People's Visitors ' Office interviews 1,169 Meals-on-wheels delivered 30,034 Meals served at Borough Council Luncheon Clubs 63,765 Articles laundered 54,594 Luncheon Clubs Another Luncheon Club was opened during the year, this time at the Coldharbour Community Centre, making six Council luncheon clubs operating in the Borough. At these clubs an elderly person can obtain a main meal and sweet at a cost of 1/ld. The value of such clubs from a recreational and nutritional point of view is obvious, and the Council's policy is to establish more luncheon clubs in other areas of the Borough where the need is greatest.

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In addition to the meals served at these six luncheon clubs, over 600 meals a week are also served at the Victorians Club, Eltham. -35- MEALS -ON-WHEELS During the year the Council brought two more Meals-on-Wheels vehicles into service in the Borough, making a total number of six vehicles in daily use. Approximately 150 elderly persons were receiving the service on four days a week, and a further 50 on three days a week. The Council were indebted to the Women's Voluntary Service for valuable help in this work. HOLIDAY SCHEME Holidays were arranged for five parties of 40 elderly persons at boarding houses at Westgate during the Spring and Autumn. This scheme was intended for those who have not had a recent holiday and could not otherwise have had a holiday. The great majority of the persons participating were in receipt of National Assistance, or would have been entitled to receive National Assistance had they applied.

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Convenient local coach pick-up points were arranged; escorts accompanied the parties to Westgate and retired couplesagain stayed at one of the two Guest Houses during the holiday periods. Many letters of appreciation were received, including one from relatives of a man who was taken seriously ill whilst on holiday and who was returned home by the Council's minibus and staff. During the year the Council entered into negotiations for the purchase of the Sea Grange Hotel, Westgate, which is classified as a 'two star' hotel, and is situated on the sea front in Cliff Road, immediately next door to the Greenwich Old People's Holiday Home. The accommodation of the Sea Grange Hotel comprises JO bedrooms, 4 private bathrooms, 5 communal bathrooms, 2 lounges, 2 large dining rooms and a well appointed bar.

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The Council approved the purchase of this Hotel, to be run in conjunction with the Greenwich Holiday Home when the two Boroughs amalgamate from the 1st April,1965* HOLIDAY RELIEF SCHEME Many requests are received each year from relatives looking after' aged parents for help in finding temporary accommodation for the old person to enable the relatives to have a holiday break. To help these people the Old People's Welfare Committee approached the Avery Hill Teachers' Training College at Eltham with a view to booking ground floor accommodation during the month of August. This approach was acceptable to the College authorities, and fifty ground floor student rooms were booked for a fortnight to accommodate 96 handicapped and homebound old people, many of whom had not themselves had a holiday for several years.

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The majority of the old folk required -36- care and attention, The College authorities were responsible for the catering and domestic services, and the Borough Council responsible for caring for the elderly holidaymakers, for the provision of transport from their homes to the College and returning them home, and for the provision of nursing and other staff and night attendants. Entertainment was provided by the Amenities Committee, and the Soroptimist Club of Woolwich helped to provide recreational activities. Afternoon coach outings to the countryside were arranged, and film shows and television facilities provided in the lounges. A most heartening feature of the scheme was the valuable help received from voluntary workers, particularly local senior schoolgirls, who carried out their tasks very enthusiastically. The members of the staff of the Health Department were on duty continuously. The old people were able to enjoy the amenities of the College and its pleasant surroundings in perfect weather and they regarded this as a real holiday. The whole venture was an undoubted success and the Council hope to repeat it in future years.

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The scheme received a,good deal of publicity in the national press,-in the local government press and in the local press. RECREATIONAL OUTINGS AM) CONCERTS FOR THE HOMEBOUND The Council's utilibus was used daily to convey homebound and less active old people to luncheon clubs, day clubs, on outings and on other recreational activities. In view of the success of these recreational facilities for the homebound and handicapped, the Old People's Welfare Committee approved the purchase of a second vehicle, this time a 20-seater coach with a Burtonwood tail-lift, to be used for the conveyance of old people on various recreational activities, NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS FOR OLD PEOPLE During the year the Old People's Welfare Committee introduced a scheme to supply nutritional supplements, such as Bovril, Horlicks, Marmite, Ovaltine, Ribena, Complan, etc. to old age pensioners in the Borough at reduced prices.

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These foods are purchased by the Council and distributed to voluntary organisations for re-sale to elderly persons attending their clubs, and other organisations for sale to relatives and friends -37- of homebound old people. The scheme is proving very popular. The foods are sold subject to suitable safeguards that only pensioners receive them and only in sufficient quantities for personal use. PUBLICITY To ensure that members of the public are better informed of the old people's welfare services in the Borough, 10,000 copies of a booklet on the local services were distributed during the year. A special edition of a bookmark, dealing with the work of the Old People's Welfare Committee, was also produced and distributed from the Council's libraries. DOMICILIARY CHIROPODY SERVICE During the year over 400 visits were made to some 130 old people in the Borough by the domiciliary chiropodist. This scheme was arranged by the Woolwich Council of Social Service to supplement the existing chiropody service for old people.

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FUEL SUPPLIES FOR OLD PEOPLE Thanks to the generosity of the Mayor, once again arrangements were made for the purchase of £30 worth of solid fuel to be held in reserve against winter emergencies. VOLUNTARY WORK Some 100 workers and visitors were enrolled at the end of the year on the Council's list of volunteers regularly visiting and helping old people. Assistance was given with the following activities - house decorating, minor domestic repairs, gardening, hairdressing, sewing and mending, friendly visiting, shopping and emergency care, and so on. Senior schoolgirls and groups of young people assisted some 45 old folk in this work. The voluntary visitors report direct to the Old People's Welfare staff of the Council. Successful meetings of voluntary workers were held during the year. The object of these meetings is to explain the latest developments in local work for old people and to hear at first hand -38- the views of voluntary workers, together with any suggestions for improving the service.

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These meetings are each attended by some 150 voluntary visitors and other helpers, including voluntary drivers, helpers on the meals service, voluntary escorts, hairdressers and others. FESTIVAL OF CHRISTMAS APPEAL The Mayor, Alderman Garnett, in his Christmas appeal for the old folk of Woolwich, raised over £2,000 and this money was distributed to old people in the form of gifts. A large number of volunteers distributed the parcels, HOUSING REPAIRS The number of occupied dwellinghouses in the Borough at the end of the year was estimated as 46,172. Premises inspected for defects during the year under the Public Health and Housing Acts totalled 2,928. Of the premises inspected 83b were found to be not in all respects reasonably fit for habitation. A total of 585 houses were made fit or repaired by informal action. The number of Intimation Notices served was 512.

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In 27^ cases it was found necessary to serve Statutory Notices to ensure that the necessary repairs were carried out. OVERCROWDING Resulting either from complaints received from housing applicants or from the Housing Department, 40 inspections were carried out during the year in connection with unsatisfactory housing conditions or overcrowding. Three families were found to occupy accommodation that was statutorily overcrowded and details of these families were reported to the Chief Housing Officer. It is the responsibility of the Council to supply in writing a statement showing the permitted number in respect of any dwelling; in this connection 290 premises were visited and measured following requests from either landlords or tenants.

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-39- INDIVIDUAL UNFIT HOUSES The following houses were represented by me during the year as unfit for human habitation, and Demolition and Closing Orders were made by the Council as followss- Demolition Orders - 6l and 114 Eltham Road 88 Eltham High Street 46 Footscray Road 12 Brookhill Road 15 and 17 Purrett Road Closing Orders - 6 and 7 Ordnance Road 80 Brookhill Road 48 Richmond Place 126, 130 and 132 Southland Road 39 Arthur Grove 8 and 12 Mabyn Road 31 Raglan Road 38 and 42 Escreet Grove 16 Old Mill Road 108 Samuel Street Building rear of 22a Woolwich Common 59 Jackson Street 65 Eglinton Road On the satisfactory completion of work to make the accommodation fit the Council determined Closing Orders in respect of 53 Footscray Road (part); 29 Waverley Road, and 73 Brookhill Road (part).

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HOUSING ACT, 1964 The above Act received the Royal Assent on the l6th July, 1964 and all parts of it are now operative. Part I - Assistance for Housing Societies Providing Housing Accommodation This Part provides for the setting up of a "Housing Corporation" to promote and assist the development and functioning of housing societies., The Corporation is authorised to lend money to housing societies. It may acquire land to sell or lease to them, and may prepare land acquired by it for building. Subject to the approval -40- of the Minister of Housing and Local Government, it may undertake the provision of housing accommodation on the land if there is no housing society to which it can be sold or leased. Before submitting a scheme for the provision of housing accommodation to the Minister for approval, the Corporation must send a copy of it to the local authority in whose area the land is situated and it may make representations about the scheme. The Corporation may take over a scheme from a society which runs into difficulties.

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It may also provide legal, architectural and other technical advice to housing societies as well as to housing associations and persons interested in forming societies. Whore a housing society desires to acquire any land and has requested the local authority in whose area it is situated to acquire the land, under Part V of the Housing Act, 1957 for the purpose of selling or leasing it to the society, the Corporation may purchase it compulsorily upon be?ng satisfied that the local authority are unwilling to do so, or are only willing subject to conditions which are not acceptable to the society. The local authority will have the right to make representations to the Minister about the proposed compulsory purchase. Provision is made for advancing up to £50 m. to the Housing Corporation, which sum may be increased to £100 m. subject to the approval of Parliament.

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Part II - Compulsory Improvement of Dwellinp;s to Provide Standard Amenities Clause 13 empowers local authorities to declare and advertise improvement areas and specifies the physical condition of the dwellings, which must be taken into account in selecting the areas. The local authority must be satisfied that the area contains dwellings which are without one or more of the standard amenities and that these dwellings, or at least 50$ of them, are so constructed that it is practicable to improve them to the full standard, and that after they have been improved they will be fit for human habitation and, subject to normal maintenance, will remain so for not less than 15 years. This Clause places upon local authorities the duty to cause an inspection of their district to be made from time to time with a view to ascertaining whether any area ought to be declared an improvement area.

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-41- Clause 14 provides for the service of a preliminary notice by a local authority specifying its proposals for the improvement of a tenanted dwelling in the improvement area, with an estimate of the. cost, upon the person have control of it, the tenant and all other interested persons. The notice may specify works to the full standard or to a reduced standard. The full standard means that the house is provided with the following amenities for the exclusive use of the occupants:- (a) A fixed bath or shower which, if it is not reasonably practicable for it to be provided in a bathroom, may be in a part of the dwelling which is not a bathroom or bedroom. (b) A wash-hand basin. (c) A hot and cold water supply at a fixed bath or shower which, if reasonably practicable, is to be in a bathroom. (d) A hot and cold water supply at a wash-hand basin. (e) A hot and cold water supply at a sink. (f) A water closet.

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(g) Satisfactory facilities for storing food. The reduced standard refers to the provision in a dwelling, which is without them, of the following amenities:- (a) A hot water supply at a sink. (b) A water closet. (c) Satisfactory facilities for storing food. Every person upon whom a preliminary notice is served is entitled to be heard when the proposals are discussed. Clauses 15, 16 and 17 provide that after its proposals have been discussed, and within two years (or such other periods as may be prescribed) of the declaration of an improvement area the loca'l authority is empowered to serve an improvement notice specifying the works required to improve a dwelling to the full or the reduced standard, and this notice will be registered in the local land charges register.

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If the tenant has consented to the improvement of the dwelling to the standard provided in the preliminary notice, this notice will be an "immediate improvement notice" and will require the person having control of the dwelling to carry out the -42- works specified within 12 months (or such other period as may be prescribed), or such longer period as the local authority may allow,, If the tenant has not consented to the works being carried out, a "suspended improvement notice" will be served* This will not become effective until the tenant has consented to the improvements being carried out or there is a change of occupier. Clause 18 empowers the local authority to enforce the improvement of a dwelling at the expiration of five years from the declaration of the area as an improvement area, even though the tenant has not consented and there has been no change of occupation. In these circumstances, however, the local authority must offer, or arrange for some other authority or person to offer, suitable alternative accommodation to the tenant if he so requests.

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If, within six months after the expiration of five years from the declaration of the area as an improvement area no final improvement notice is served, the suspended improvement notice ceases to have effect. Clause 19 provides that a tenant occupying a dwelling which is not in an improvement area and is not in a tenement block, and is without one or more of the standard amenities, may apply to the local authority to use its powers to secure the improvement of the dwelling. The local authority will have power to enforce the improvement to the full standard or to the reduced standard and the procedure is similar to that for houses in improvement areas. Clauses 20 and 21 empower local authorities to enforce the improvement of dwellings in tenement blocks to the full or to the reduced standard. Clause 24 enables a local authority to accept an undertaking from a person willing to carry out improvement works in lieu of serving an improvement notice.

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Clause 26 provides that, if there is no appeal, an improvement notice becomes operative at the end of 6 weeks from the date of service, and allows a local authority to withdraw a notice at any time. .Clause 27 provides for appeals against improvement notices to be made to the County Court. -43- Clauses 28 to 30 empower local authorities to improve a property themselves and to recover the cost in cases where an improvement notice or an undertaking is not complied with. Clause authorises a lessor who incurs expenditure in complying with an improvement notice to apply to the County Court for an increase in the rent payable under the lease. Clause 35 authorises the landlord to increase the rent of a property improved under this Part of the Act similar to the provisions in the Rent Act, 1957.

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A local authority is required, if an application is made, to grant a mortgage loan to cover expenses which will be incurred in improving a property under the provisions of this part of the Act, subject to it being satisfied that the applicant can reasonably be expected to meet his obligations. The person on whom an immediate improvement or final improvement notice is served may, within six months from the date upon which the notice becomes operative, require the local authority to purchase his interest in the dwelling. The purchase price in such cases will be fixed as though the dwelling had been compulsorily acquired by the local authority. This Part of the Act does not apply to a dwelling provided after the end. of 1944 unless it was provided by the conversion, before Jvd October, 1961, of a building erected before the end of 1944. Part III - Assistance for Improvement of Dwellings Clauses 45 to 49 make alterations to the existing scheme of discretionary and standard improvement grants for private owners.

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Local authorities are empowered to make standard grants towards the cost of works to bring a house up to the reduced standard (provision of a hot water supply to a sink, a water closet, and facilities for storing food) in cases where it is not practicable to provide all the standard amenities at reasonable expense. Where a grant is made towards the provision of a fixed bath or a shower, it is no longer essential for this to be in a bathroom or a bedroom, if this is not reasonably practicable. The present limit upon the amount of a standard grant is half the total cost of carrying out the necessary work, with a maximum of £155- If a bathroom is provided by a new building or -44- the conversion of outbuildings attached to the dwelling, a septic tank is installed or a piped supply of cold water is brought into the house for the first time, this maximum may be increased to £350. Clauses 50 to 52 make similar alterations in respect of dwellings owned by local authorities.

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Clause 53 reduces from 15 years to five years the length of leasehold interest necessary for an application to be made for an improvement grant or a standard grant, and Clause 54 reduces from 10 years to three years the period during which the conditions of grant attach to a dwelling. These conditions stipulate that the dwelling must not be used for purposes other than a private dwelling house and restrict the rent which may be charged. Clause 56 provides that the rent limit for houses not subject to controlled tenancies will be calculated on the basis of the 1963 gross value, instead of twice the 1956 gross value. Clause 60 increases the maximum permissible amount of improvement grant for the provision of dwellings by the conversion of houses of three or more storeys from £400 to £500 per unit. During the year the Public Health Inspectors carried out 257 inspections on properties in connection with applications from owners for improvement grants.

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Of this total 118 were in respect of "discretionary" grants, 59 were in respect of "standard" grants. An additonal 80 visits were made to advise owners or builders on enquiries regarding improvement grants. Part IV - Houses in Multiple Occupation Clause 64 provides that if the proprietor of a house which is let in lodgings or is occupied by members of more than one family fails to do the work required by a local authority under Sections 14 to 16 of the Housing Act, 1961 (the work necessary to make good defects arising from neglect, works necessary to make the premises reasonably suitable for the persons occupying it, and the provision of means of escape in case of fire), and the local authority carry out the work, the costs recoverable by the authority are, until recovered, to be a charge upon all the interests in the house. -45- Clause.

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65 makes it an offence wilfully to fail to comply with a notice requiring the execution of works in a house in multiple occupation and renders the person liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £100 for a first offence, and in the case of a second and subsequent offence to a fine not exceeding £100 and/or imprisonment for not more than three months. Clause 67 empowers a local authority to specify the number of households or individuals a house which is let in lodgings or occupied by members of more than one family and, which in its opinion is defective, having regard to the number of occupants, could reasonably accommodate if specified works were carried out. It can, at the same time, require the execution of such works.

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Clause 68 provides that an officer of a local authority may enter a property without notice and, if necessary, by force, provided he is authorised by a warrant granted by a Justice of the Peace, Clause 69 extends the power granted under the Housing Act, 1961 relating to the application of a management code to houses in multiple occupation to any tenement block which, on the ljth November, 1963 lacked any of the standard amenities. Clause 70 removes the time limit in the Housing Act, 1961 which prevents local authorities from making schemes for the registration of houses in multi-occupation before November, 1964. It enables a local authority's scheme to impose an obligation upon proprietors of houses which are already multi-occupied when the register is being compiled to notify them of the fact. Clauses 73 to 90 provide for control orders.

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A local authority has power to make a control order in respect of a house in multiple occupation if it is satisfied that its physical state or the extent of occupation would make It subject to action under the Housing Act, 1961 and this is necessary to protect the safety, welfare and health of persons living In it. A control order comes Into effect immediately and notice of its making must be given to the person in control of the house, the residents, and all other persons known to have an interest in it. Having made a control order, the local authority may enter and take possession of the property, and it is authorised to take any action that the owner would be entitled to do. It has a duty to maintain proper standards of management and to make any bad conditions which the landlord would have been called upon to make good if there had been no order. It may create rights of occupation in the nature -46- of tenancies, terminable by notice of not more than four weeks.

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Tenants or licensees living in the house are to have the same rights during the local authority's occupation as they previously had„ They are under a duty not to impede the local authority's introduction of good management practice. Any part of a house occupied by a person who has an interest in the whole of the house may be excluded from a control order. The local authority is to pay to the dispossessed proprietor compensation at an annual rate equal to half the gross value of the dwelling, to be paid by quarterly instalments. After a control order has been made the local authority must prepare a scheme fixing a limit on the number of persons or households living in the house, detailing the works necessary to it and giving an estimate of the cost of the capital works proposed. The scheme must include an estimate of the "settled surplus", which is produced by setting the Council's revenue from rents against all non-capital outgoings.