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82bbb7e4-5e3d-4763-9615-42b3de93d750 | In the Green 1 person out of every 213 died of Consumption, in the Town 1 in 537, in the Hackney Road 1 in 549, and in the Church 1 out of every 614. Further, the infantile loss was respectively in the first, second, third and fourth Divisions, 113, 129, 103, and 102. The mean vitality of the dying reached only 17 95 years in the Town, 1950 in the Hackney Road, 19.87 in the Church, and 27.84 in the Green; while the adult vitality averaged 52.18 years in the Church, 52.87 in the Green, 5341 in the Town, and 53 91 in the Hackney Road. |
837f25cf-4867-4923-b7d6-d8b23001e4d7 | On calculating the mortality of each sex for the last 4 years, there was an excess of 34, 80 and 44 deaths of males in the Hackney Road, Green, and Church; whereas 35 more females died in the Town. The latter fact is curious, and perhaps depends on the greater emigration that goes on in the Town. Of adult Weavers 10 were cut off in Sub-District 1, 55 in No. 2, 38 in No. 3, and 32 in No. 4. 34 of them lived beyond 70, and 11 beyond 80 years; 6 of their deaths occurred from Epidemics, 21 from Consumption, 3 Suddenly, 1 by Suicide, and 1 from Fracture of the Skull. Their mean age was 61. |
e779e844-99bd-4753-a0ac-64995a99387d | Among the males dying in certain occupations, professions or positions above 20 years of age (Table 9) the proportions to the living in 1851 ranged from 1 Accountant in 13, 1 Agent in every 3, 1 Annuitant in 25, 1 Baker in 52, 1 *These rates are derived from adding the excess of the Births over the Deaths to the population of each of the Sub-Districts in 1851. |
51536fdf-e5e2-4094-abd5-6cd09b0147de | 15 Butcher in 39, 1 Carman, Carrier or Drayman in 56, 1 Carpenter in 38, 1 Cheesemonger in 57, 1 Commercial Clerk in 25, 1 Commercial Traveller in 45, 1 Cowkeeper in 124, 1 Druggist in 37, 1 Engraver in 7.5, 1 Fishmonger in 129, 1 Gentleman in 6, 1 Grocer in 88, 1 Hawker in 32, 1 House Proprietor in 13, 1 Labourer in 23, 1 Licensed Victualler or Beer Shopkeeper in 30, 1 Messenger or Porter in 26, 1 Painter, Plumber, or Glazier in 52, 1 Printer in 24, 1 Shoemaker in 82, 1 Surgeon in 41, 1 Tailor in 58, and 1 Weaver in every 68. |
df96ace7-be32-4462-acae-73e9d1910227 | With regard to places where, for size, the mortality preponderated in 1860, Austin, John, and Scott Streets, Weatherhead Gardens, Myring and Elizabeth Places, and Prospect Terrace figured highest in their death-returns; while, on the contrary, Sherwood and Accidental Places, Lenham and Turville Buildings, Sweet Apple Square, Ely and Providence Places, with Digby Street and Walk, rose considerably in the scale of health. Having laid before you our Vital Statistics for 1860, I now proceed to the New Cases of Illness in the Guardian Asylum, Queen Adelaide's Dispensary, the City of London Hospital, and the Pauper Medical Practice. In the first Institution the cases were only 39, of which 12 depended on Diarrhoea, 5 on Rheumatic Fever, 12 on Bronchitis or Catarrh, and 10 on Diseases of other forms—there was no death within the walls. |
5e080a4e-4cb2-4d0b-98ae-7c3b283d4fc7 | At Queen Adelaide's Dispensary the Epidemics numbered 74, namely, Small Pox 5, Measles 10, Scarlatina and Diptheria 14, Whooping Cough 4, Diarrhoea 27, and Continued Fever 14. Ague attacked two of the patients treated there, Carbuncle 2, Erysipelas 4, and Rheumatic Fever 6. 164 were affected with Bronchitis, 2 with Pleurisy, and 16 with Inflammation of the Lungs. All the other Diseases superadded raised the total to 1969; on which 57 16 deaths occurred. In the City of London Hospital the Inpatients amounted to 363, and the Out-Patients to 7725; whereof the mortality was 34. |
2a7f25e1-d9cb-4c96-9aff-b91cab3ce584 | Sub-divided into Out and In-door cases, the Pauper Practice comprised 635 in District 1, 1241 in District 2, 881 in District 3, 1438 in District 4, 1475 in District 5, and 1075 within the House. Measured by the years 1857—59, the numbers are 27 short of 1857; 599 fewer than in 1858, but 235 higher than in 1859. Against the cases there rate 511 Deaths, or 1 to 13. For 1857 the Pauper mortality was 448; for 1858, 539; and for 1859, 441; or of the Deaths to Cases as 1 in 15, 1 in 13.6, and 1 in 14.7. |
ee869652-78d2-4ccf-ab06-ec78c2c40110 | Small Pox, Whooping Cough, and Diarrhoea were the ruling Epidemics in Sub-division 5, Measles and Scarlatina in Sub-division 4, and Fever in Sub-division 2. Erysipelas predominated in No. 3, Pulmonary Inflammations and Rheumatic Fever in Nos. 4 and 5. Among the Hygienic Improvements of 1860, the fulfilment of the following Order in Council will be highly advantageous:— Order 3.—"Saint Matthew, Bethnal Green. |
2d4ef31e-0b0a-472d-aa69-7f03f3321a69 | That the coffins contained in the vaults beneath the Church of Saint Matthew, Bethnal Green, if required in the restoration of the Church, be re-arranged; that the vaults be filled up with earth, and covered with a layer of concrete three feet thick, and that the remaining part of the area of the Church be covered with a layer of concrete two feet thick; and that the works, so far as regards the protection of health, be superintended by the Medical Officer of Health of the District, and that Chlorine, McDougall's Powder, or other Disinfectants be used whenever necessary." These works, completed under the supervision of the Churchwardens, render it impossible for any effluvia ever again to enter the Church. 17 Several Branch Sewers in Sclater, Anchor, and York Streets have enhanced considerably the Sanitary Defences of the year. |
44eca43e-9fcb-49b0-bf2b-a42d706224f9 | Steps have been taken to obviate the nuisances of certain offensive trades : such as Fish Caring, Frying and Smoking, Boiling of Oil, Heaping of Tan, and Boiling of Decomposed Meat. The enormous mounds of Rubbish and Dust in Mr. Newman's yard, in Tyssen Street, have, by the Magistrate's order, been reduced in bulk and height; certain Lucifer Works have been improved; Pig Keeping, wherever possible, has been prevented; and the Slaughter Houses have been supervised. Ventilation has been put in force, and overcrowding stopped; the latter especially in one case, where a woman died from exhaustion after her confinement "in a room where 9 others slept." Many other appliances in trapping and improving drains, in abolishing cesspools and erecting closet apparatus, in establishing sewer communications, and rendering homes more healthy, have aided the advantages heretofore obtained. |
bcc168d9-27d8-4e65-8f34-64b2f0941dce | Their figures, which I owe to the kindness of the Surveyor and Inspector, constitute the last Table of this Report. The Summary of the foregoing shows, that in 1860 the quota of the Epidemics and Consumption declined; that the mortality was smaller and the waste of life less. This "lowness of mortality" and diminution of disease may doubtless be increased, "if only the removable evils be removed, if only the practicable good be made practical." It is related, that in the Scottish Isle of St. Kilda, where refuse in thrown on the floors and trodden down under foot, "8 out of every 10 children die between the 8th and 12th days of their existence." They die from breathing foul air, for the refuse 18 is saved and sold as manure. One family only is said to escape, the family of the Clergyman resident there. In his house, of course, no such custom prevails. |
9b9788a0-2289-415b-bc87-a0cdc43a5383 | Many of these deaths, but for such insanitary conditions, would not occur. If, then, we would "abate the pace of death," we must avail ourselves of all the defences of health—of sewerage, water, scavenging, ventilation, and light, with the strict avoidance also of overcrowding—so that our blood may not be poisoned nor we destroyed by disease. Thus shall we "not only live longer, but be better fitted to answer the great ends of life." I have the honour to be, Gentlemen, "With great respect, Very faithfully yours, SAMUEL PEARCE, Medical Officer of Health. To the Gentlemen of the Vestry of St. Matthew, Bethnal Green. 19 APPENDIX TO THE 6th REPORT; Or, Tables of the Mortality, Pauper Illness, and Sanitary Works of Bethnal Green, during the Year 1860. 1. London "Weather and Deaths, with the relative tality of Bethnal Green. |
69c3e083-881d-47d9-b27d-f3bf06ec599d | 2. Nosology of the Deaths. 3. Sub-District Epidemic Deaths. 4. Comparative Mortality by Epidemics in London, East Districts and Bethnal Green. 5. Mean Ages of Gentry, Tradesmen and Artizans. 6. Mean Ages in the 4 Sub-Districts. 7. Workhouse Deaths. 8. Mortality, Male and Female, of the 4 Sub-Districts. 9. Deaths according to Occupations. 10. Practice of the Poor-Law Medical Staff. 11. Synopsis of the several Works. TABLE 1. Showing the London Weather and Deaths, and the relative Mortality in Bethnal Green. METEOROLOGY. DEATHS. 1860. Mean Reading of Barometer. Mean Temperature of Air. Mean Dew Point Temperature. Relative proportion of Wind. Daily Horizontal Movement of Air. Amount of Rain in Inches. |
78e39c55-8449-487f-b5b4-746980631f0f | In Bethnal Green. In London. Total. Annual percentage of Deaths in Bethnal Green. Epidemic. Percentage of Epidemic to Total Deaths. Total. * - Annual percentage of London Deaths. Epidemic. Percentage of Epidemic to Total Deaths. Months. N. E. S. W. In. o o Miles. In. January 29.514 39.7 36.2 3 3 13 12 . 1.8 200 30 5308 804 February 29.857 35.7 30.4 11 4 6 8 . 1.1 229 2.093 31 5785 2.193 776 March 29.655 41 1 350 5 2 6 18 . 1.9 284 52 7721 1026 April 29.796 42.9 36. |
9e65a97a-ee2b-4250-aab3-cec73a261ca9 | 7 10 8 5 7 . 1.0 168 or 29 5398 or 718 May 29.746 53.8 46.2 1 7 7 16 . 3.9 142 27 4493 725 June 29.613 54.8 49.7 2 2 13 13 . 5.8 153 1 Death 30 19.68 5003 1 Death 852 16.47 July 29.845 57.6 52.3 12 4 7 8 172 2.8 119 24 3884 736 August 29.556 57.7 52.5 1 0 9 21 . 3.7 181 in 48 5030 in 1075 September 29.761 53.4 50.2 7 5 8 10 200 3. |
3b438dc3-fb93-4cc4-b75e-6deac7e498fe | 1 148 43 4002 824 October 29.856 50.6 47.6 3 2 11 15 260 1.6 169 47.77 40 4225 45.59 856 November 29.696 40.8 38.9 7 13 5 5 184 2.5 200 35 5848 943 December 29.491 36.3 33.5 9 7 7 8 187 2.8 191 41 5124 851 Totals of year 29.699 47.0 42.4 71 57 97 141 32.0 2184 430 61821 10186 TABLE 2. DEATHS REGISTERED IN THE PARISH OF ST. MATTHEW, BETHNAL GREEN, IN THE 52 WEEKS, ENDING DECEMBER, 29TH, 1860. |
314852eb-acd6-4fc1-94c3-f9378ece602b | CAUSES OF DEATH. AGES. Total. QUARTERS. Total of 1859 AGES. Total. QUARTERS. Total of 1859 Under 5. Under 20. 20 and under 40. 40 and under 60. 60 and under 80. 80 and above. 1 2 3 4 CAUSES OF DEATH. Under 5. Under 20. 20 and under 40. 40 and under 60. 60 and under 80. 80 and above. 1 2 3 4 I. Zymotic:—492. Peritonitis . 3 3 . . . 6 1 2 2 1 3 Ascites . . 1 1 . 1 . 3 1 . . 2 1 Small-pox 26 6 4 . . . |
d588d8fe-44c0-4fb5-9c05-84c909907012 | 36 15 9 7 5 111 Ulceration of Intestines . . . 1 . . 1 . 1 . . . 2 Measles 103 66 9 . . . . 112 23 27 28 34 56 Hernia (Rupture) . . . . . . . . . 5 Scarlatina 99 . . . . 96 37 16 22 21 157 Ileus . 1 . . . . 1 . 1 . . 3 Whooping-cough 54 4 1 . . . 59 14 15 8 92 55 Intussusception . . 1 . . . . 2 1 . . . 1 3 Croup 26 . . . . . 26 4 1 . 10 11 12 Stricture of Intestinal Canal . . 2 4 . 6 1 2 3 . Thrush 1 . |
cd330f01-f4cc-41aa-acad-fd1177cef2b3 | . . . . 1 . . 1 5 Disease of Stomach, &c. .. .. .. 3 3 .. 6 4 1 1 .. 8 Diarrhoea (Bowel Complaint) 54 1 .. 1 .. 4 .. .. 66 5 6 39 16 187 Disease of Pancreas .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Dysentery 1 .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. 1 Inflammation of Liver (Hepatitis) .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. 2 1 1 .. .. 3 Cholera 2 1 .. .. .. .. 3 1 .. .. 2 .. 4 4 .. .. 1 .. 5 1 3 5 1 2 .. 6 Influenza .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. ? |
2e58bc10-6174-49aa-a4df-ac9a787167fb | 10 .. 3 .. 16 6 4 18 .. Scurvy and Purpura .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 Disease of Spleen .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ague .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. 1 Remittent Fever 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. 2 VIII. Kidneys, &c.:—13. Infantile Fever .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Typhus Fever 23 1? 11 8 6 . 61 19 13 . 11 18 . 71 Nephritis . 2 . . . . 2 1 . . 1 1 Puerperal Fever (Metria) . 1 3 . . . 4 2 9 13 Niphria (Bright's Disease) . . . 5 1 . 6 . . . |
a8f45aa8-81f1-40c2-b602-14feeb42b500 | 3 5 Rheumatic Fever . 2 1 9 1 . 6 3 1 1 1 19 Ischuria 1 . . . . . . 1 . . 1 . 1 Ervsipelas (Rose) 6 . 1 1 9 . 12 6 2 1 . 5 4 13 Diabetes . . 1 . . 1 . . . 1 . Syphilis 5 . 1 . . . 3 9 1 7 Stone . . . . . . . . . . . . Noma (Canker) 1 . . . . . 1 . 1 . . 1 . Cystitis . . . . . . . . . 2 Hydrophobia . . . . . . . . . . . Stricture of Urethra . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Disease of Kidneys, &c. .. .. .. l 9. |
89453297-ef64-4066-8fb1-e23683934448 | .. 3 1 1 .. 1 4 II. Dropsy, &c.:—60. IX, Childbirth:—21. Hæmorrhage .. .. 1 9 2 .. 5 9 3 .. .. 5 Dropsy 1 3 .. 4 8 1 17 12 7 3 1 6 22 Paramenia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Abscess (Gathering) 8 1 2 1 .. .. 1 4 4 3 5 Ovarian Dropsy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Ulcer .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 3 Childbirth (see Metria) .. .. 6 2 .. .. 8 3 4 1 4 Fistula .. .. 1 .. 1 .. 2 2 .. .. 2 Disease of Uterus, &c. |
43439feb-f460-48a4-9671-9f7a9c0a364d | .. .. 4 5 4 .. 13 8 9 2 1 13 Mortification .. .. .. .. 6 .. 6 2 .. 3 1 3 Cancer 1 .. 1 8 6 16 4 7 3 9, 13 Gout .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 1 Rheumatism .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. 3 III. Tubercular:—408. Arthritis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Disease of Joints .. 2 .. .. .. 2 .. .. 2 .. 3 Scrofula 2 1 .. .. .. .. 3 1 1 1 .. 7 Tabes Mesenterica 103 9 .. .. .. .. 105 22 94 31 28 131 XI. |
6f2b64f6-a88e-4ccb-adaa-7d2e48ed2c2c | Skin Cellular Tissues, &c.: Phthisis (Consumption) Hydrocephalus (Water on the Brain) 18 36 28 4 138 .. 72 .. 4 .. .. .. 260 40 82 9 74 8 41 12 63 11 266 33 —3. Carbuncle .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 IV. Brain and Nerves 202. Phlegmon .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 3 2 1 2 Cephalitis 10 4 2 2 .. .. 18 4 8 3 3 10 Apoplexy .. .. 3 11 19 5 38 13 3 10 12 35 XII. |
e2a69b67-7c31-427b-b5ad-290fbd9477bb | Malformation:-4 Palsy (Paralysis) .. .. 9 12 19 .. 33 13 7 7 6 51 Delerium tremens .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 2 Spina Bifida .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Chorea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Other Malformations 4 .. .. .. .. .. 4 1 1 1 1 2 Eillepsy .. .. 1 1 2 .. 4 .. 1 1 2 15 Tetanus 4 .. .. .. .. .. 4 1 .. 3 .. 1 XIII. Premature Birth and Insanity Convulsions .. 66 1 .. 1 1 .. 2 67 2 23 .. 14 9 .. 21 13 95 bility:—66. |
6ec42efb-c78e-4ce0-b6a9-ebbc65ceb27f | 63 .. •• 1 2 •• 66 15 17 13 21 57 Disease of Brain, &c. 18 5 3 5 3 1 35 10 4 9 19 21 XIV. Atrophy:—20. 20 .. .. .. .. .. 20 3 5 6 6 14 V. Heart & Blood Vessels:—66. XV. Old Age: —114. .. .. .. 1 75 38 114 43 27 20 24 109 Pericarditis .. 1 1 1 .. .. 3 2 .. 1 .. 4 XVI. Sudden Death:—54. 22 1 6 14 10 1 54 22 12 14 6 12 Aneurism .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Disease of Heart, &c. |
6be229a1-61c7-4183-8bbb-628fc4c727b7 | 6 6 1 3 19 18 1 63 ?fi 15 9 14 52 XVII. Violent Death 61. VI. Lungs and Organs of spiration:-487 Interperance . . . 1 . . 1 . . 1 . 2 Privation of Food . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Want of Breast Milk . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Lryngiitis 6 1 1 . . . 8 1 1 4 9 10 Neglect . . . . . . . . . . . . Bronchitis 85 3 41 41 4.0 5 184 82 39 27 36 118 Cold . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Pleurisy 1 . 1 1 1 . 4 1 . 3 . 3 Poison . . . . . . . |
7222bbe8-7320-4096-bdf5-9d1a8ab53832 | . . . . 1 Pneumonia 217 13 3 6 4 1 244 106 34 36 68 170 Burns and Scalds 5 . . 1 1 . 7 4 1 1 1 4 Asthma . . 9 10 94 3 39 23 8 3 5 43 Hanging (Suicide) . . . 1 . . 1 1 . . . 4 Disease of Lungs 2 . . 5 1 . 8 1 . 1 4 6 Suffocation 24 . . . . 1 25 9 8 1 7 15 Drowning 1 2 1 2 1 . 7 . 2 3 2 6 VII. Stomach and Digestive Organs:—110. |
3c621022-64a4-4036-8abd-69a32f07c41f | - Fractures and Contusions .. ,, .. .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. .. 2 Wounds .. .. 1 1 1 .. 3 .. 1 1 1 3 Other Violent Causes 9 1 1 1 1 .. 13 4 1 1 7 9 Teething 50 .. .. .. .. .. 50 7 10 9 24 57 Quinsey 1 1 .. .. .. .. 4 2 .. 1 1 4 Not Specified 3 .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 . . |
f47667f9-12c5-4bc9-b572-e6669a629df7 | .. 1 5 Gastritis 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 2 .. 1 .. 1 1 Enteritis 3 1 •• •• 2 •• 6 1 3 1 1 7 TOTALS 1167 163 239 276 290 60 2184 713 463 448 560 2273 21 TABLE 3. Sub-District Epidemic Mortality in 1860. Sub-Districts. of Bethnal Green. Small Pox. Measles. Scarlatina. Whooping Cough. Diarrhoea. Typhus. Total of Epidemics. Percentage to Total Deaths. |
bfdeee3a-8e04-4f88-89a1-392f57fca89a | [//###] Hackney Road 7 35 26 22 16 20 126 Green 15 32 23 13 20 16 119 Church 6 21 20 8 13 10 78 19.68 Town 8 24 27 16 17 15 107 Totals 36 112 96 59 66 61 61 430 TABLE 4. Comparative Mortality by Epidemics in London, East Districts, and Bethnal Green. Epidemics. Percentages to Total Deaths. London. East Districts. Bethnal Green. |
b584f509-1ac4-4271-9eeb-29e8c6349cd7 | Small Pox 1.4 1.0 1.6 Measles 3.3 4.1 5.1 Scarlatina and Diptheria 3.9 3.8 4.3 Whooping Cough 3.2 3.3 2.7 Diarrhœa 2.2 2.6 3.0 Typhus 2.2 2.7 2.3 22 TABLE 6. Mean Ages of Gentry, Tradesmen, and Artisans. Classes. Nos. of Deaths. Years of Life. Mean Age at Death. Percentage of each Class to Total Deaths. Gentry 51 Yrs. Mths. Wis . Days. |
18d42e5c-bbd7-4f32-9aa8-9b7863ada0fd | 2453 0 1 3 48'09 2.33 Tradesmen 545 12708 3 2 4 23.31 24.95 Artisans, Labourers, and Paupers 1588 33349 11 3 1 21.00 72.72 Totals 2184 48511 3 3 1 22.21 100.00 TABLE 6. Mean Ages in the 4 Sub-Districts. Sub-Districts. Nos. of Deaths. Years of Life. Mean Age at Death. Hackney Road 535 Years. Mths. Wks. Days. |
a2f22bb2-1f31-4c6c-88e5-ed6a5e1f28c7 | 10434 4 3 1 19.50 Green 765 21304 3 0 0 27.84 Church 466 9624 10 1 2 19.87 Town 418 7507 9 2 5 17.95 Totals 2184 48511 3 3 1 22.21 23 TABLE 7. Causes of, and Ages at, Death, in the Workhouse, Bethnal Green, during the 52 weeks ending December 29th, 1860. Zymotic or Epidemic Class. Tubercular Class. Brain, Nerves, &c. Heart, &c. Eespiratory Organs. Digestive Organs. Violence, Privation, &c. All other Diseases. General Total. 23 39 25 7 27 1 •• 60 182 AGES. |
2c2570fc-cad1-40fb-aee3-dac689be2d9f | 0—1 1—5 5—10 10—20 20—40 40—60 60—80 80-100 General Total. 18 10 4 3 19 45 68 15 182 24 TABLE 8. Comparative Mortality, Causes of, and Ages at, Death, in each of the Sub-Districts of Bethnal Green, during the 52 weeks ending December 29th, 18G0. CAUSES. DEATHS. Sub-Districts. Zymotic or Epidemic Class. T ubercular Class. Brain, Nerves, &c. Heart, &c. .Respiratory Organs. Digestive Organs. Violence, Privation, &c. All other Diseases. Males. Females. General Total. Hackney Road. |
7a34a075-b197-487d-b709-b339d83f02b8 | 149 80 40 13 129 26 14 78 283 252 535 Green 134 171 93 29 139 39 26 134 391 374 765 Church 89 80 34 13 128 32 10 80 235 231 466 Town 120 71 35 11 91 13 11 66 191 227 418 Totals 492 408 202 66 487 110 61 358 1100 1084 2184 Sub-Districts. AGES. DEATHS. —1 1—5 5-10 10—20 20—40 40—60 60—80 80—100 and above Males. Females. General Total. Hackney Road. |
efe95e2f-fb03-4e80-9dd9-34a3277cfda7 | 149 170 25 10 41 70 62 8 283 252 535 Green 185 147 25 21 113 107 137 30 391 374 765 Church 143 122 21 14 49 53 52 12 235 231 466 Town 143 108 21 16 36 45 39 10 191 227 418 Totals 620 547 92 61 239 275 290 60 1100 1084 2184 TABLE 9. Occupation of Males, aged 20 years and upwards, whose Deaths were registered in Bethnal Green, during the 52 weeks ending December 29th, 1860. OCCUPATIONS OF MALES AGED TWENTY AND UPWARDS. Living in Bethnal Green at the census of 1851. Deaths registered in the 52 weeks ending December 29th, 1860. |
63ee4ae2-e29a-4372-916c-27b81838e14c | OCCUPATIONS OF MALES AGED TWENTY AND UPWARDS. Living in Bethnal Green at the census in 1851. Deaths registered in the 52 weeks ending December 29th, 1860. Total Ages at Death. Total Ages at Death. Aged 20 & upwards Aged 20 & upwards. 20- 40- 60- 80 and upwards. Aged 20 & upwards. Aged 20 & upwards. 20- 40- 60- 80 and upwards. Class Class 1. (1) Post Office 39 2 1 1 .. 12. |
645e1d66-1d65-4710-a995-014eb786a64c | (1) Cowkeeper, Milkseller 124 1 .. .. .. 1 Inland Revenue 29 1 1 .. .. .. Cheesemonger 57 1 1 .. .. .. Customs 77 4 2 1 .. 1 Butcher 275 7 .. 3 1 1 (2) Other Local Officers 11 1 .. .. 1 .. Poulterer 32 .. 1 2 .. .. 2. (1) Soldier 13 1 .. 1 .. Fishmonger 129 1 .. 1 .. .. Chelsea Pensioner 44 1 .. 1 .. Others dealing in Animal Food. 70 1 .. 1 .. .. Greenwich Pensioner 20 1 .. .. 1 (2) Comb Maker 49 1 .. 1 .. .. 3. |
c0b29141-7c8d-40b3-b287-f39ec32999a4 | (1) Protestant Minister Priests and other Religious 12 26 1 1 .. 1 1 .. .. .. (5) Brush and Broom Maker Carpet and Rug Manufacture 109 109 2 2 1 1 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. .. (3) Surgeon 41 1 .. .. 1 (7) Silk Manufacture 4356 64 .. 19 38 2 (6) Druggist 37 1 .. .. 1 13. (1) Corn Merchant 41 1 i .. .. .. 6. |
5ccc0547-ff6c-45a4-8dba-f610c93e249a | (2) Domestic Servant (General) 65 1 1 .. .. Baker 363 7 l 4 2 .. Inn Servant 104 2 1 l .. Confectioner 92 3 .. .. 3 (3) Hairdresser 65 1 .. 1 .. (2) Licensed Victualler, Beer Hatter 106 2 1 1 keeper 208 7 .. 5 2 Tailor 351 6 3 1 9 Wine and Spirit Merchant 32 1 .. .. 1 Hosier, Haberdasher 23 2 1 .. 1 Suger Refiner 11 1 l . .. Shoemaker 1643 20 6 6 8 Grocer 177 2 l . .. 7. |
4c833aa6-3c78-4eb7-b1cf-c0d49a3329d0 | (1) House Proprieter 78 6 .. 1 5 Tobacconist 45 2 l 1 .. Broker 91 1 .. .. 1 (3) French Polisher 78 2 .. .. .. Agent, Factor 11 4 .. 1 2 1 (4) Other Dealers, Workers in Salesman 13 1 1 Timber 63 1 .. 1 .. Accountant 38 3 .. 3 .. (5) Cork Cutter 52 2 l 1 .. Commercial Clerk 173 7 .. 1 1 (6) Sawyer 148 2 l 1 .. Commmercial Traveller 45 1 .. 1 .. (7) Cabinet Maker, Upholsterer 614 9 l 3 5 Hawker, Pedlar 190 6 3 2 1 172 4 i 2 1 Other General 234 4 l 1, 1 lers, and Agents 8. |
1e5dab6f-c0ab-4c86-84c5-cd2b8ebf1196 | (1) Railway Engine-driver, Stoker (2) German, Carrier, CarterDrayman 146 32 280 4 1 5 1 1 3 2 .. 2 1 .. .. Box Maker Others dealing inWood Furniture 117 109 186 1 1 1 l .. 1 •• .. .. .. 1 .. (3) Boat and Bargemen 15 1 .. .. 1 (10) Basket Maker 31 1 .. .. 1 (4) Seaman 100 3 1 gation 1 1 17 1 1 .. .. Other connected with Sea Packer .. 1 l .. .. gation 472 17 8 5 4 14. |
ca658f08-c19b-4e37-b330-1f26dc335eb4 | (1) Gas Works' Service 20 3 l 2 .. (5) Engaged in Warehousing 147 4 .. 2 2 (2) Railway Labourer 32 3 .. .. .. (6) Messenger, Porter 446 17 6 7 3 i (4) Glass Manufacture 73 1 .. .. 1 9. (1) Farmer 15 2 .. .. 1 i (8) Goldsmith, Silversmith 69 1 1 .. .. AgriculturalLabourer (out-door) 73 1 .. 1 .. Carver, Gilder 97 5 3 2 .. 10. |
0228b39c-1868-424e-86fa-b286b1677344 | (1) Groom, Horsekeeper, Jockey 50 2 1 1 .. (12) Other Workers, Dealers in Lead 72 2 1 1 .. Drover 30 3 .. 3 .. (14) Whitesmith 36 1 .. .. .. 1 Others engaged about Animals 21 1 1 .. .. Blacksmith 189 4 .. 2 1 1 11. (1) Publisher, Bookseller 42 3 2 .. 1 File Maker 8 1 1 .. .. Printer 168 7 4 3 .. Grinder 2 1 .. 1 .. (3) Musician 50 1 1 .. .. Other Workers, Dealers in Iron, (4) Engraver 15 2 2 .. .. Steel 42 2 .. 1 1 (7) Civil Engineer 1 1 .. .. 1 15. |
3a1b3462-8747-4e83-b00a-4074d9dfab59 | (1) Labourer (branch undefined) 1010 44 ii 21 10 2 (9) Philosophical Instrument Makers and Dealers 78 1 .. .. 1 (2) Mechanic, Manufacturer, Shopman (branch undefined) 12 4 .. 1 l (10) Gunsmith 61 1 1 .. .. Others of indefinite Occupation 9 4 .. 4 .. (15) Builder 55 2 i i 16. |
6b4370a8-51a0-449c-a974-7e5d0fc2d323 | (1) Gentlemen, Independent 32 5 .. 1 2 2 Carpenter, Joiner 572 15 5 4 4 2 Annuitant 75 3 .. .. 2 1 Bricklayer 452 3 .. 2 1 Lunatic Attendant .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Mason, Paviour 72 1 .. 1 .. Persons of no stated Occupation 95 3 ?, 1 or Condition 221 2 I 1 .. Painter, Plumber, Glazier 367 7 4 2 1 (16) Other Implement Makers .. 1 1 .. .. TOTAL 17340 414 120 147 127 20 (17) Dyer, Scourer, Calenderer 119 3 1 1 1 25 TABLE 10. New Cases of Disease attended by the Poor-Law Medical Staff during the year 1860. DISTRICTS. |
dc209794-2e23-4546-8489-8749c295ffd4 | 1 2 3 4 5 Workhouse. TOTAL. Small-pox 24 29 28 21 31 . 133 Chicken-pox 5 4 7 14 9 2 41 Measles 14 63 24 116 86 36 339 Scarlatina 2 22 51 56 34 . 165 Whooping-cough 3 25 13 32 34 1 108 Croup . 3 4 . 1 . 8 Diarrhœa 23 86 59 97 126 32 423 Dysentery 1 . . 1 2 1 5 Cholera . . . . . . . Ague . . . 1 1 . |
0a3adcb3-6197-4d1a-a487-6b2485d6b1a6 | 2 Continued Fever 86 125 61 112 69 69 522 Rheumatic Fever I 3 7 13 13 1 38 Erysipelas 6 10 17 13 14 11 71 Delirium Tremens . . . . . . . Insanity 3 4 4 2 11 24 48 Bronchitis and Catarrh 24 153 139 192 288 13 809 Diptheria . . . . . . . Pleurisy . 5 4 20 19 . 48 Pneumonia 34 19 26 14 34 9 136 Puerperal Fever . . . 1 2 . 3 Pyæmia . . . . 1 . |
d17d4417-62f5-4c8b-9fcf-e3577d181cbb | 1 Carbuncle 2 4 1 5 3 6 21 All other Diseases 407 686 436 728 697 870 3824 Total 635 1241 881 1438 1475 1075 6745 Deaths 13 63 49 128 76 182 511 26 TABLE Synopsis of Sanitary Works, from March 26th, 1860, to March 25th, 1861. 1. ARRANGED IN WARDS. Wards. Houses Inspected. Drains Constructed Drains Trapped. North 123 84 96 South 237 116 113 East 96 92 75 Wet 530 346 368 Totals 986 638 652 Wards. Drains Improved. Cesspools filled up. Cesspools emptied. |
7de08eff-0e37-490e-9dce-695857212b2e | North 40 130 14 South 56 180 10 East 19 96 27 West 65 341 30 Totals 180 747 81 Wards. Privies altered to Water Closets. New Closets constructed. Dust Removals. North 96 7 3218 South 180 19 3001 East 75 15 2576 West 219 21 2398 Totals 570 62 11,193 2. MISCELLANEOUS. Miles of Sewers Flushed. Gullies Emptied. Gullies Trapped and made. No. 20½. Nos. 940. Nos. 83. Houses connected with Sewers. Total Works. Nos. 320 Nos. 16,472 |
6b02ae2d-5dde-4551-9324-1c0a69222ac0 | BET 77 YEAR 1862. EIGHTH REPORT on the HEALTH of BETHAL GREEN by SAMUEL PEARCE, Medical Officer of Health. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF VESTRY, by J. s. Forsaith, 118, Bethnal Green Road, N. E. 1863. YEAR 1862. EIGHTH REPO R T on the HEALTH of BETHNAL GREEN by SAMUEL PEARCE, Medical Officer of Health. LONDON : PRINTED BY ORDER OF VESTRY, by J. S. Forsaith, 118, Bethnal Green Road, N.E. 1863. |
e03a6927-2962-48e8-86d2-4d44df5c2273 | THIS REPORT on THE HEALTH OF BETHNAL GREEN DURING 1862, IS DEDICATED with profound respect and esteem to F. H. RAMSBOTHAM, ESQ., obstetric physician to the london hospital; TO WHOSE friendly bearing, invaluable lectures, and extraordinary work on "the principles of obstetric medicine and surgery," THE AUTHOR owes great and life-long regard. 135, Bethnal Green Road, June 20th, 1863. Rev. Sir and Gentlemen, Last year was, in point of health, unpropitious to Bethnal Green. The Pauper Illness and Mortality both increased; the one from a fatality of 2225 in 1861 to 2537 in 1862, the other from 8442 New Cases of Disease to 8871. |
239d8a90-c169-44c6-bef9-f570441d02c2 | In the first quarter, during which the "temperature of the air was for a few days together cold and then for a few days together warm, the degree of salubrity "exceeded the ratio of the preceding year. The Epidemic Deaths also decreased. Co-temporaneously the mortality of London was less, but the epidemic mortality more. The mean temperature (53.3°) of April, May, and June, slightly surpassed "the average of the same period in 21 years." Sixty more deaths than in the like three months of 1861, and an addition of 14 from Epidemics occurred in Bethnal Green; while correspondingly a surplus of 457 and 630 happened in London. "The cold summer was less healthy than the still colder summer of 1860 it was also less healthy "than the warmer summer of last year." Our fatality in that time was higher by 143, that of London by 201. |
eb33a2aa-5368-4f0b-8dca-394598f1e991 | During the last quarter the deaths of the two increased respectively 174 and 1851. In two of the weeks "the mean temperature fell nearly as low as 37°. The mortality was high chiefly in consequence of the sudden and premature invasion of winter soon after November had commenced," for "a cold winter makes many funerals; it cuts off quickly the old and infirm." The minimum mortality (29) of any one week in Bethnal Green was recorded 4 on May 17th, the maximum mortality (74) on November 22nd. Seven of our inhabitants died every day, 49 every week, and 211 in each month of the year. Numerically the Males amounted to 1262 and the Females to 1275. One out of every 149 deaths was "Not Certified," and to one out of every 158 "No Medical Attendant" was called. |
b6ddda5e-d806-4cbf-9d12-b311c6f107e2 | The deathrolls monthly and yearly of London and Bethnal Green, with the Epidemic contingencies and the meteorological characteristics, as observed at Greenwich, constitute the first Table in the Appendix of this Report. If our population in 1862 be estimated on a tenth of the rate from 1851 to 1861, it consisted in April of 106,592 persons; of whom 26,537 occupied the 141 acres of Hackney Road; 32,612 the 391 acres of the Green; 25,902 the 132 acres of the Church; and 21,541 the 96 acres of the Town. |
7d185988-b8f9-40d0-bf37-706970f98f57 | Divisionally, under five years of age, the numbers amounted to 15,702; between five and ten, to 13,320; between ten and twenty, to 21,273; between twenty and forty, to 32,863; between forty and sixty, to 17,548; between sixty and eighty, to 5,499; between eighty and a hundred, to 386; and beyond one hundred years, to 1. They each and all bear the same ratio to the living as at the Census of 1851. Besides the still-born, 4052 living Children, or 2057 Boys and 1995 Girls were registered in the Parish in the year. They are 27 less than in 1861. The Births exceeded the Deaths by, and formed a natural increase of 1515. Of these, 1122 occurred in the "Winter, 982 in the Spring, 951 in the Summer, and 997 in the Autumn. |
a5795c73-3376-4bc1-b600-7cfd43f137ed | They give a proportion of 103 Boys to 100 Girls, and of a Birth to the living in every 26. Throughout London the proportion was 1 in 29. Where 100 died 160 came into life, and to each 1000 of these the infantile loss was 323. The Table below represents our last published Illegitimate list. 5 Illegitimate Sub-District Births. Males. Females. Total. Hackney Eoad 6 10 16 Green 3 34 67 Church 9 6 15 Town 11 7 18 59 57 116 The above apportions us only 28 Births out of wedlock in every 1000; while, "in all England the proportion of Illegitimate Births amounts to about 65 per 1000 of all the Births; in the City it reaches to only 30 per 1000." |
4a8fe31c-4ced-4f38-b4b1-13851d22de16 | Of the "Newly Born," so often found in our Canal and Park, some no doubt are born elsewhere;—these will therefore exonerate us from some of the crimes that are hidden there. Bethnal Green, in 1862, attained the unenviable mortality of 2537; a mortality lower indeed by 409 than in the Cholera year 1849, but higher by 100 than when Cholera prevailed in 1854. It figured also 38 higher than its average for the last ten years. One death afflicted every 42 of the inhabitants of Bethnal Green, every 42.57 in London, every 38 78 in the Central Districts of the Metropolis, and every 38.58 in the East Districts in which we live. The Causes of Death in the Obituary Table (No. |
748a55fa-ce25-45b7-bdf4-12fe2fba9a33 | 2) show, when compared with the totals of 1861, that we owe our high rate of death to the increased fatality of the Zymotic and Tubercular Classes of Disease. The first of these, which contains the Epidemics, enumerates a loss of 783. As the epidemic frequency is "a most important testimony to the salubrity or insalubrity of a district," I cannot but regret that it told strongly against us last year. Small Pox was fatal in 16 cases, or to 12 infants under five, to 1 at sixteen, and to 3 at twenty-one, twenty-six, and 6 thirty years. Latterly Small Pox has been frightfully on the increase. Its "natural history in unprotected communities is, that of every 100 persons attacked 35 die." But " this is not the extent of the evil. Blindness is very frequently the result of Small Pox. |
76a0a9a3-aeaa-406e-b0dd-8948ab820afe | Then there is the disfigurement by scars, the destruction—the total destruction in many cases—of the good looks of the patient; and lastly, the general health is frequently profoundly shattered by a bad attack of Small Pox." To prevent such destruction there is but one prophylaxis—the god-like discovery of Dr. Jenner ! It has however been noticed, that in "some vaccinated persons the insusceptibility conferred by cow pox is not of life-long duration," but "that the renascent liability to Small Pox may be guarded against by re-vaccination." Thus, in the Small Pox Hospital, "during the last twenty-seven years, not one instance has been known of a nurse or attendant contracting Small Pox, for all have been vaccinated or revaccinated immediately on their entering the Institution." |
6c9e1ae5-fb28-4bb1-9b82-ad9cb3e60c2b | What mischief from Small Pox is propagated by cabs the the following fatal case incontestably proves:—" A cabman drove a physician to a house where a patient had been suffering from Small Pox. On arrival the patient was dead and the blinds were drawn down, and when the physician returned to the cab, the driver enquired if a death had occurred in the house, and what was the cause ? The circumstances having been explained, the conscientious cabman stated, that two or three weeks before he had driven a lady to the door in question immediately after having taken a patient to the Small Pox Hospital. The lady turned out to be the patient now dead, and the period between her occupation of the infected cab and the commencement of her illness corresponded to the ordinary latent period of the disease." 7 167 against 17 in 1861 fell victims to Measles, of whom 162 had not reached the age of five. |
6bb7d8b6-9e67-4877-83e4-1f1695539488 | Scarlatina, the ruling epidemic, (with Diptheria) cut off 192, an amount more than double its onslaught in the year before. In one house in Bethnal Green Road 5 children of the ages of fifteen months, of two, five, eight, and eleven years were swept away. These cases are recorded in the Registrar's return as "aggravated by the fetid exhalations of an adjoining Sausage Factory." "Occasionally Scarlatina is more fatal even than Typhus, and approaches nearer to the nature of plague than any other disease." Such pestilences not only "spread by contagion, but from time to time arise up here and there de novo, out of the malaria, or the defective drainage, or the want of ventilation." Whooping Cough, unlike its predecessors, fell from 151 in 1861 to 88 in 1862. |
0fe7d0a9-90e7-43cf-a57c-172ede4e74cc | Diarrhoea too was less prevalent than usual, and declined from 90 deaths to 71. By Fever our loss was heavy and severe, for in the two periods its deaths augmented from 65 to 156. Severally, and in the order of rotation, Small Pox caused 1 in 158 deaths, Measles 1 in 15, Scarlatina and Diptheria 1 in 13, Whooping Congh 1 in 29, Diarrhoea 1 in 36, and Typhus 1 in 16. On the other hand, out of every 10,000 of the population, Small Pox cut off 1.5 of the number, Measles 15.6, Scarlatina and Diptheria 18, Whooping Cough 8, Diarrhoea 6.6, and Typhus 14.6. |
ff7313a0-359f-438c-8e6a-cf72ec518cb2 | In London, however, Small Pox numbered a death out of each 194, Measles out of each 29, Scarlatina and Diptheria out of each 16, Whooping Cough out of each 31, Diarrhoea out of each 38, and Typhus out of each 18. So likewise to every myriad of London, Small Pox was fatal to 1.2, Measles to 7.9, Scarlatina and Diptheria to 14.6, Whooping Cough to 7.5, Diarrhoea to 6.6, and Typhus to 12.7. 8 By the entire Epidemic Group 486 of our children died under the age of five; 108 of our young persons from five to twenty years; 35 of our adults between twenty and forty; 31 others between forty and sixty; 28 between sixty and eighty; and two more after their eightieth year. |
2b86433b-8d05-44e2-9e01-746b6d3d2ddf | Next in succession follow 65 deaths from causes in the second class; among which 19 are ascribed to Cancer and Mortification, 12 to Haemorrhage, or "the effusion of blood," and 23 to Dropsy, or "the effusion of serum." Out of the 442 "Constitutional or Specific Diseases" of Class 3,—14 individuals sank from Scrofula, 140 from Mesenteric Disease, 34 from Water on the Brain, and 254 from Consumption. At different periods Consumption was fatal to 56 in the first twenty years, of whom 20 did not reach the age of five; to 132 in the second vicenniad, to 55 in the third, and to 11 in the fourth. In our social position, Consumption cost the Gentry 1 death in 6, the Tradesmen 1 in 10, and the Artizans 1 in 10 too. |
40cd251f-97aa-4946-a912-9a0a31b28594 | Its ratio with us was 1 out of every 9.9 deaths, its ratio in London 1 in 8 6. From our population there was 1 in 419 persons, and from that of London 1 in 369 persons taken away Pure Air, and plenty of it, is the grand prophylactic of this destructive disease. Without it, like the monkeys of old in the unventilated rooms of the Zoological Gardens, we "rot and rot, and drop and drop." By Affections of the 4th Class, the first of "the eight principal Organic Systems," 244 persons closed their earthly account. Convulsions hurried away 88, Apoplexy 32, and Paralysis 55. 115 had not completed their fifth year, and 7 only had passed fourscore. Aneurism and Diseases of the Heart cut short 60 lives. During the last five years their average has been 58. |
893439e2-5fe1-46db-9abd-00d2110e8bec | From Pulmonary Diseases there perished 421, or one among us out of every 253. They form a sixth of all who 9 died in 1862. I here append, as I have done before, the returns, month by month, of our mortal enemies—the Epidemics, Consumption, and Diseases of the Lungs:— Diseases. January February March April May June July August September October November December Small Pox 2 1 2 . 1 . . 1 1 2 1 5 Measles . . 2 4 6 8 21 34 28 39 21 4 Scarlatina 7 11 11 12 3 7 11 26 24 31 31 18 Whooping Cough 12 12 6 5 9 6 2 8 3 8 8 9 Diarrhœa 2 2 . |
fbf94280-a582-42bb-9530-8310b4913acf | 1 1 2 6 24 20 8 3 2 Typhus 10 7 15 4 16 15 13 14 17 19 15 11 Consumption 33 15 15 23 25 21 23 17 17 30 11 24 Organs of Respiration 52 32 41 39 37 27 14 29 26 22 60 42 Totals 118 80 92 88 98 86 90 153 136 159 150 115 Their total amount is 1365, and they killed 1 out of every 78 of the population of Bethnal Green. |
1c4b5aa1-68d9-43ec-84d0-7a8ee474019c | Teething, which forms one of the Causes of Death in the Class of "Stomach and Digestive Organs," carried off 61 Infants; Quinsey, Gastric Inflammation, Rupture, and Jaundice destroyed 8 more; 10 persons succumbed to Diseases of the Stomach, 27 to Affections of the Liver, and 13 to those of the Intestinal Canal. In the Classes 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, which comprehend the Diseases of the Kidneys, Childbirth, Joints, Bones, Skin, Cellular Tissue, and Malformation, there died respectively 18 in No. 8; 14 in No. 9; 14 in No. 10; 3 in No. 11; and 5 in No. 12. One death therein—that of our late Inspector, Mr. Cornwell—from Carbuncle, has occasioned much and very sincere regret. |
87f95f84-cbc1-4f79-9695-6a810711bda3 | He was ever faithful in the path of duty, and conscientious in all he did. Though he suffered much, he died full of hope, and his last words were—"All is Pcace." b 10 Under "Premature Birth and Debility" our loss was 59; three of whom wore out between forty and sixty years, of premature decay. The mortality in the next two groups includes 11 from "Atrophy" and 119 from "Old Age." In the latter class 4 perished untimely under sixty years. Lastly, Classes 16 and 17 register 96 "Sudden" and 53 "Violent Deaths;" the former from Natural Causes, from Epidemics, Spasm of the Glottis and Diseases of the Brain, Heart and Lungs; the latter from Intemperance, from Privation of food, Burns, Suffocation, and various violent and suicidal means. |
20098a8a-1d94-408a-bfae-a7d62cc2f5af | In 1862, 154 Inquests were held in Bethnal Green; 88, or 38 Adults and 50 Boys belonged to the Male, and 66, or 34 Adults and 32 Girls to the Female sex. |
9cfcacd0-b7c7-4bea-a4d5-7e0d9252dc45 | The verdicts separately and collectively have been thus returned:—1 by a "Shock from falling down a Sewer;" 1 by a "Shock from Burns;" 1 by "Effusion of Serum on the Brain;" 1 by "Suffocation from food getting into the air passages whilst coughing;" 1 by "Congestion of Brain from excessive drinking;" 1 by "An Irritant Poison, how taken not known;" 1 by "Self-Suffocation;" 1 by "Self-Cut-Throat;" 1 "Knocked down by a horse and cart;" 1 "Run over by a railway van 2 by "Accidental Drowning;" 4 by "Concussion and Inflammation of Brain from a fall;" 4 by "Wilful Murder;" 4 by "Self-Drowning;" 7 by "Strangulation by Hanging;" 11 "Found Dying or Dead;" 16 by "Suffocation;" and 96 by "Sudden Deaths." |
8747b484-0da6-4a03-95b3-7b798c43803b | Fourteen individuals, or 1 out of every 7614 committed Suicide in the year. The positions and ages of these SelfDestroyers are annexed below. The wife of a Clerk ended her days at 26, a Hawker at 28, the wife of a Porter at 29, the widow of a Bricklayer at 35, a Male unknown at 40, a 11 Weaver at 41, a Male unknown at 45, another Weaver at 48, a third Weaver at 52, a fourth at 62, the wife of a Butcher at 62, a Sawyer at 64, an Undertaker at 64, and a Chair Carver at 67. |
9d293e7e-c68a-45ac-bd49-73472a5c8f47 | The wife of the Clerk cut her throat and murdered her child, the Hawker and the wife of the Porter poisoned and suffocatcd themselves, the Sawyer, one Weaver and two Males unknown precipitated themselves into a watery grave; the wife of the Butcher, the widow of the Bricklayer, the Undertaker, three of the Weavers, and the Chair Carver resorted to Self-Strangulation. The sum of the ages of the 2537 persons who died in 1862 amounted to 56,164 years. The latter, when divided by the deaths, give a mean age of 22.13, which, with two-thirds of its difference on the number living to each death, make the mean lifetime 35.37.* The first places us under a decrease of .52 and the second of 2.94 years on the average of the preceding five. Throughout England " the mean age at death is 25.18 years, and the mean lifetime 41." |
aabb0043-93f1-4f6f-8df3-1cfb14a9278d | Relatively, the mean age of the Gentry—who consist principally of persons who have retired late in life—was 48.07 years, the mean of the Tradesmen 23.56, and of the Artisans 21.08. After the age of twenty, the mean of the thousand dying reached only 51.8l, that is 8.19 years less than the English rate of Adults. * One Death in 42.00 Living. Mean 22.13 Age. 19.87 2 3)39.74 13.24 22.13 35.37 12 With respect to the fatality at certain ages, "The young, like leaves in Spring, were blown away ;" For 220 perished under three months, 117 from three to six months, 207 from six to twelve months, and 767 from one year to five; making together the appalling number of 1311, and forming 516 out of every 1000 deaths. |
f7ce3328-5c53-44cd-9a94-403917b8f6ab | If, again, we take the population under five, 83.4 of each 1000 living never reached that age. In all England the proportions are—"398 per 1000 of the deaths, and 73 6 per 1000 of the living." "Infancy has to creep into life in the midst of foes, in impoverished or poisoned air, or in rooms unfit for habitation, and where it is thus cribbed, cabined, and confined, hecatombs of young lives are lost, and the human blossom most surely falls unexpanded." To home influences we must therefore look to raise the vitality of infant life. In the next five years and onwards through the succeeding ten, 138 more children and 86 other young persons died. Consequently, under the age of twenty 1535 of our numbers living, or a percentage exceeding 60, yielded to remorseless Death. During the following twenty years, 297 left this busy scene and departed each to an early grave. |
d3abd56b-54f7-424c-85a3-89c5664e3dcb | Through the third and fourth vicenniads, 308 and 335 besides, having played their parts, journied hence to the land unknown. Finally, with 62 between eighty and a hundred years, "the weary wheel of life at length stood still." Among "the ancient of days," 152 had passed three score and ten, 52 over four score, and 9 beyond four score and ten. One nearly completed the cycle of one hundred years and died beyond ninety-nine. "The number living and the number dying at given intervals," are fully exhibited in Table 7. There, of each number 13 living, 83 per 1000 died below five years, 10 between five and ten, 4 in the next ten, 9 in the following twenty, 11 between forty and sixty, 61 between sixty and eighty, and 161 between eighty and a hundred years. |
685bcef2-90b1-4a8d-ac76-61851abf701d | The fatality therein is smaller to infants than in 1857, and less to the old than in 1857—58. Respectively in the Sub-Districts, the Births and Deaths affected each population thus:—In the Hackney Road there was a Birth to each 26, in the Green to each 27, in the Church to each 28, and in the Town to each 24. Correspondingly, in Sub-District 1, there was a death to every 45; in Sub-District 2, to every 33; in Sub-District 3, to every 51; and to Sub-District 4, to every 48, So likewise under the age of five, out of every 73, 81, 91 and 76 inhabitants, each in rotation lost a child. |
c3b4432b-6c38-4b43-8d66-e9474dc3d171 | In regard to longevity, 16 60 years constituted the mean age in the Hackney Road, 28.83 years in the Green, 20.08 years in the Church, and 17.06 years in the Town; while of adults the lifetime was 50.56 in the first Sub-Division, 53.46 in the second 52.14, in the third, and 47.29 years in the fourth. Consumption caused to each in succession 1 out of every 11, 8, 14 and 19 deaths; Fever 1 out of 14,20,13 and 19; and the Epidemic Diseases 1 out of 3, 4, 3 and 4. More Males by 17 died in the Hackney Road, more Females by 13 in the Green, more Males by 6 in the Church, and more Females by 15 in the Town. |
a4575374-2564-4770-a830-f7df55f4f2ba | Of 130 Adult Weavers, Male and Female, 38 passed over seventy, and 15 over eighty years; they lived to a mean length of 61.78, or nearly ten years longer than the average generally of the dying adults. Six of them resided in the Hackney Road, 58 in the Green, 43 in the Church, and 23 in the Town. Consumption destroyed 14, and the Epidemics 10; 5 went off suddenly, and 1 was "found dead from exhaustion." Four, or 1 in 33, committed Suicide, whereas 14 1 only out of 181 adults dying in 1862 sacrificed thus insanrly every earthly tie. As "the tendency to suicide is least among persons who carry on occupations out of doors, and greatest among artisans who are weakly from birth, are confined in-doors, or have little muscular exercise," the solution probably may depend thereon. |
573683b4-7bcf-4b82-bb9a-2f3822aabccb | Among the Male Adults living above twenty years, we lost 1 in 2 of the Relieving Officers, 1 in 3 of the Officers of the Local Board, 1 in 8 of the Solicitors, 1 in 41 of the Surgeons, 1 in 8 of the Merchants, 1 in 19 of the Clerks, 1 in 24 of the Hawkers, 1 in 29 of the Porters, 1 in 41 of the Cowkeepers, 1 in 137 of the Butchers, 1 in 121 of the Bakers, 1 in 71 of the Carpenters, 1 in 61 of the Cabinetmakers, 1 in 17 of the Labourers, 1 in 65 of the Weavers, 1 in 15 of the House Proprietors, 1 in 16 of the Gentlemen, and 1 in 15 of the Annuitants. |
0c053b4e-0ec5-4b44-b8b4-e63cc7b4ddfb | 86 of the 463 described in Table 9, belonged to the Hackney Road, 229 to the Green, 84 to the Church, and 64 to the Town. The Mortality Statistics of our several Institutions, Public and Private, show that 9 of the residents died in the Trinity Ground, 18 in the Model Lodgings of Columbia Square, 27 in the City of London Hospital, 36 in Bethnal House Asylum, and 237 in the Refuge for the helpless and destitute Poor. In the latter noble Institution the death-roll comprised 127 of the male and 110 of the female sex. Directly or indirectly by descent, the deceased consisted of 1 Merchant, 1 Silversmith 1 Engineer, 1 Painter, 1 Dyer, 1 Mason, 1 Wheelwright, 1 Currier, 1 Wax-maker, 1 Bookbinder, 1 Bricklayer, 1 Sawyer, 1 Wood Chopper, 1 Chair Maker, |
952588fe-20de-4060-a72c-106139ffc849 | 1 French Polisher, 1 Cabinet-maker, 1 Gas Fitter, 1 Smith, 1 Shirt Cutter, 1 General Dealer, 1 Sweep, 1 Ostler, 1 Brush Drawer, 1 Dress-maker, 1 Bonnet-maker, 1 Washerwoman, 1 15 brella-maker, 1 Potman, 2 Tailors, 2 Box-makers, 2 Blacksmiths, 2 Harness-makers, 2 Porters, 2 Pipe-makers, 2 Watch-makers, 3 Clerks, 3 Turners, 4 Charwomen, 5 Winders, 5 Hawkers, 7 Boot and Shoe Binders, 9 Washers, 9 Seamstresses, 9 Unknown, 13 Shoe-makers, 29 Labourers, 47 Weavers, and 52 Servants. The fatality of each class of diseases was 16.8 per cent. |
40ed72ef-6418-4669-bf7b-e5258b00a0da | of the Zymotic, 1.6 of Dropsy, 21.1 of the Tubercular, 12.6 of the Brain, 2.5 of the Heart, 14"3 of the Lungs, 2.1 of the Digestive Organs, 1.2 of the Violent and Sudden, 23.6 of Old Age, and 3.7 of other forms. The ratio of deaths to the five vicenniads of life was that 52 succumbed in the first, 32 in the second, 52 in the third, 85 in the fourth, and 16 in the fifth. At Christmas ult. "the Vital forces" included 14 Boys and 38 Girls under two years of age, 81 Boys and 58 Girls from two to nine years, and 62 Boys and 41 Girls from nine to sixteen years. |
94b97c7a-f959-40a6-9197-142b4186753e | After the age of sixteen the grown-up numbered 52 AbieBodied Men and Women, 368 Temporarily Disabled, and 521 Old Men and Women;—making together a grand total of 1235. Besides the Sick—206 Men and 253 Women—there were 24 Insane Men and 28 Insane Women in the House, while there were in addition 111 Boys and 87 Girls under Instruction in the Schools, and 24 Boys in training for different trades. Certain localities, with affinities somewhat alike, differed materially in their death returns. Thus, 10 died in Half Nichol Street, 11 in New Nichol Street, and 21 in Old Nichol Street. The depopulating rate stood high also in other parts. In Lisbon Street there was a mortality of 11, in Scott Street of 11, in Turville Street of 15, in Thomas Street of 19, and in Old Castle Street of 23. |
f26fb99b-0320-45d0-8788-1b8ce7dd0d82 | Then, too, every 100 living, lost 16 above 3 in Providence Place, above 4 in Miring, Ely, and Accidental Places, above 4 in Shepherd's Court and Prospect Terrace, above 5 in Fief's Court, and above 7 in Sweet Apple Square. The Health of the In and Out-door Poor in 1862 suffered much more than in 1861. Small Pox, Whooping Cough, and Diarrhœa numbered 10, 59, and 176 cases less, while Measles rose from 33 to 544, Scarlatina from 148 to 220, and Fever* from 581 to 935. Cholera increased from 1 to 4, and Diarrhoea assumed occasionally a Choleraic form. Acute Pulmonary Affections fell from 1122 to 957; Bronchitis and Pleuritis prevailing less but Pneumonia somewhat more. |
5faaf0e7-a7fc-4402-b23c-c128d2a24da5 | Rheumatic Fever declined 10, Ague and Diptheria did not occur, and Delirium Tremens was more by 2. Attacks of Erysipelas and Carbuncle were lower by 28, but Insanity rose 14. Puerperal Fever furnished each year a like return. Among the 8871 new cases, 1266 had the advice and attention of Dr. Moore; 1399 of Mr. Vandenbergh; 1422 of Mr. Defriez; 1438 of Dr. Welch; 1525 of Mr. Massingham; and 1821 of Mr. Smart. The old cases out of doors left from 1861, amounted to 15 in District 1; to 56 in No. 2; to 74 in No. 3; to 17 in No. 4; and to 41 in No. 5. |
016c0c31-8ccb-4ec4-8f09-f206bc60164c | In Obstetric Practice 21 Labours were returned by Mr. Vandenbergh; 23 by Dr. Welch; 40 by Mr. Massingham; 62 by Mr. Smart; 62 by Mr. Defriez; and 95 by Dr. Moore. The ratio of Deaths to cases in the Workhouse and in the Out-door Districts, 3, 4, and 5, is 1 to 8 under Mr. Smart; 1 to 17 under Mr. Vandenbergh; 1 to 20 under Mr. Massingham; and 1 to 20 under Dr. Welch. In Districts 1 and 2, the Mortality was not supplied. "The Medical Report of Queen Adelaide's Dispensary * Fever is only registered in Table 11, when attended at home. Several of the Cases, and many also of Insanity, have a double entry. (1.) |
7b3804ba-35f6-4140-abb5-5723bca33df8 | in one of the Outdoor Districts ; and (2.) in the Workhouse return. 17 for the year ending December 31st, 1862," gives the New Patients as 2043; of whom "the average number daily attended at their own homes, amounted to 20, and the average daily attendance at the Dispensary amounted to 57." There "died 58." In the City of London Hospital, "the number of Inpatients under treatment last year was 440, and the number of Out-patients was 9074, while the average attendance each week was 1041." The Practice in the Guardian Asylum consisted of 1 case of Small Pox, 6 of Diarrhoea, 2 of Rheumatic Fever, 6 of Catarrh, and 5 of other forms of disease. I now pass to the Sanitary Miscellanea from Ladyday, 1861, to Lady-day, 1862. |
bc75d3a8-d552-4af5-ba86-34588cc8ad13 | For the figures I am indebted to your Surveyor, who has very kindly filled up Table 12. It is there shown that 720 Houses were Inspected, 203 Drains Constructed, 249 Drains Trapped and 86 Improved, that 357 Cesspools were Filled up and 80 Emptied, that 89 New Closets were Constructed and 302 Improved, that the Dust Removals amounted to 16,700, the Gullies made to 120, the Gullies Emptied to 2576, the Gullies Trapped to 150, and the Houses connected with Sewers to 173. |
8010aafc-18be-4be2-833e-5aa0d2377351 | Besides all these—the suppression of Trade Nuisances, the checking of Overcrowding, the improvements in Paving and Ventilation, the cleansing of certain Filthy Dwellings, the doing away (in many instances) with the keeping of Pigs, and the inspection and supervision of the Cow and Slaughterhouses, have doubtless, as "preventive agencies," warded off and blotted out disease. Our statistical history shows in 1862:— 1. That in comparison with London, our Birth and Death Rates were both in excess. 2. That where 23.5 per 1000 of the population died in London, 23.8 per 1000 died in Bethnal Green. c 18 3. That in Bethnal Green the epidemic ratio was higher by nearly 6 per cent. 4. That where London lost an inhabitant from Consumption in every 369, Bethnal Green lost but 1 in 419. 5. |
7bb5e1bb-fbc3-4ded-a2b1-6031a1a82afb | That where, in like manner, London lost from Fever 1 in 786, Bethnal Green had the greater loss of 1 in 683. 6. That of every 1000 living infants under five years of age, London lost about 8 less than Bethnal Green. You will see by these "sensitive tests" how inauspicious our retrospect is, and how sadly we retrograded last year. "Brief as the ephemera" was our Infant life—1311 Infants departed from us and left our homes for evermore! Hence it will tax our best energies to fortify that life, on which the future of Bethnal Green must so largely depend. And "as it is the home that makes the man," we must therefore make our homes "elements of health and long life." |
6b3286b6-d3a5-4f98-beef-5407f220bb29 | When preventive agencies are fully brought to bear on the physical evils which tell so fearfully on infant life, there will be less generation of, and predisposition to, disease, and the mortality under the age of five, will correspondingly be reduced. Then shall we suffer less from such "terrible correctives" as the 690 Epidemic Deaths in 1862.—Then, too, there will be more grow up; we shall have an "increased proportion of adults who are of the age, and strength, and skill, for productive industry, and an extended period during which each occupies his post." I have the honor to be, Rev. Sir and Gentlemen, With great respect, very faithfully yours, SAMUEL PEARCE, Medical Officer of Health. To the Rector and the Gentlemen of the Vestry of Saint Matthew, Bethnal Green. |
508347de-df35-46bd-92f6-240511bcf05d | 19 APPENDIX TO THE EIGHTH REPORT; Or, Tables of the Deaths, Pauper Health, and Sanitary Operations of Bethnal Green, during the Year 1862. 1. London Weather and Deaths, with the relative tality of Bethnal Green. 2. Nosological Register (Quarterly and Yearly) of every Death. 3. Sub-District Epidemic Deaths. 4. Comparative Mortality by Epidemics in London and Bethnal Green. 5. Mean Ages of Gentry, Tradesmen and Artisans. 6. Mean Ages in all 4 Sub-Districts. 7. "Law of Mortality;" or, "the numbers dying out of a given number living." 8. Comparative Mortality, Male and Female; Causes of, and Ages at, Death, in each Sub-District. 9. Deaths according to Occupations. 10. Workhouse Deaths. 11. |
4f0cb8ae-7ea4-4cc1-8bc7-1a4dc71b145f | Practice of the Poor-Law Medical Staff. 12. Synopsis of the several Works. TABLE I. Showing the London Weather and Deaths, and the relative Mortality in Bethnal Green. METEOROLOGY. DEATHS. 1862. Months. Mean Reading of Barometer. Mean Temperature of Air. Mean Dew point Temperature. Relative proportion of Wind. Daily Horizontal Movement of Air. Amount of Rain in Inches. In Bethnal Green. In London. N. E. S. W. Total. Annual percentage of Deaths in Bethnal Green. Epidemic. Percentage of Epidemic to Total Deaths. Total. Annual percentage of London Deaths. Epidemic. Percentage of Epidemic to Total Deaths. In. º º Miles. In. 2380 or 1 Death in 42.01 27.19 2.349 or 1 Death in 42.57 21. |
ac0a0e44-6b50-4504-bb6f-f4e8f5df936c | 41 January 29.705 39.0 34.6 4 4 11 12 255 1.9 236 33 7380 1281 February 29.905 41.1 36.6 5 8 7 8 223 0.5 171 33 5466 949 March 29.498 43.1 39.5 6 8 9 8 237 3.7 190 36 5559 1008 April 29.847 48.4 43.0 4 5 10 11 269 2.8 176 26 5276 1061 May 29.726 55.4 50.3 4 6 9 12 218 2.8 198 36 6016 1214 June 29.718 56.3 49.3 7 1 7 15 268 1. |
d717f3a4-8b9d-45e5-8b75-5fbb4c391e8e | 8 165 38 4403 865 July 29.762 59.1 52.4 3 0 8 20 261 1.7 165 53 4472 1017 August 29.785 59.5 53.5 7 6 8 10 199 3.0 260 107 6019 1598 September 29.859 57.7 52.5 6 9 8 7 172 1.6 227 93 4642 1220 October 29.726 51.8 48.6 4 6 8 13 288 4.0 271 107 5939 1512 November 29.793 39.8 37.4 11 6 7 6 172 1.0 264 79 6040 1330 December 29.865 43.6 40. |
0bc131dd-cf87-4ea3-a168-3e1df7445c56 | 3 4 2 10 15 324 1.6 214 49 5738 1282 Totals of year 29.766 49.5 44.8 65 61 102 137 . 26.4 2537 690 66950 14337 TABLE 2. DEATHS REGISTERED IN THE PARISH OF SAINT MATTHEW, BETHNAL GREEN, IN THE 52 WEEKS, ENDING DECEMBER 27th, 1862. CAUSES OF DEATH. AGES. Total. QUARTERS. Total of 1861. CAUSES OF DEATH. AGES. Total. QUARTERS. Total of 1861. Under 5. Under 20. 20 and under 40. 40 and under 60. 60 and under 80. 80 and above. 1 2 3 4 Under 5. |
6efb40a6-bcf1-44b2-a671-24dc1ca88dbe | Under 20. 20 and under 40. 40 and under 60. 60 and under 80. 80 and above. 1 2 3 4 I. Zymotic:—783. Peritonitis . 2 3 1 . . 6 2 3 . 1 2 Small Pox 12 1 3 . . . 16 5 1 2 8 12 Ascites . . 2 2 . . 4 1 1 1 1 2 Ulceration of Intestines . . 1 . . . 1 . . 1 . 5 Measles 162 5 . . . . 167 2 18 83 64 17 Hernia (Rupture) 1 . . . . . 1 . . . 1 4 Scarlatina 134 56 2 . . . |