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By 2100 the seas will rise another 6 inches or so—a far cry from Al Gore’s alarming numbers | The pH is expected to reach 7.7 (representing a 3-fold increase in hydrogen ion concentration) by the year 2100, which is a significant change in a century. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
At that time, Hansen also produced a model of the future behavior of the globe’s temperature, which he had turned into a video movie that was heavily shopped in Congress. | The second generation of the GISS model was used to estimate the change in mean surface temperature based on a variety of scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
CO2 is increasing rapidly, and is reaching levels not seen on the earth for millions of years. | Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
CO2 limits won't cool the planet | Globally, these effects are estimated to have led to a slight cooling, dominated by an increase in surface albedo. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
If CO2 was so terrible for the planet, then installing a CO2 generator in a greenhouse would kill the plants. | These gases are proposed for introduction because they generate a greenhouse effect thousands of times stronger than that of CO 2. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
climate models predict too much warming in the troposphere | The programme states that all models of greenhouse effect-derived temperature increase predict that the warming will be at its greatest for a given location in the troposphere and at its lowest near the surface of the earth. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century. | "A projected increase of 4.05 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature is expected by 2065, and a projected increase of 9.37 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature can be expected by the turn of the century if nothing is done to curb emissions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Many of the world’s coral reefs are already barren or in a state of constant decline. | Tropical waters contain few nutrients yet a coral reef can flourish like an "oasis in the desert". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Venus doesn't have a runaway greenhouse effect | The CO 2-rich atmosphere generates the strongest greenhouse effect in the Solar System, creating surface temperatures of at least 735 K (462 °C; 864 °F). | REFUTES |
The extreme cycles of dry and wet weather appear to have been intensifying over the last three decades. | The climate of the Sahara has undergone enormous variations between wet and dry over the last few hundred thousand years, believed to be caused by long-term changes in the North African climate cycle that alters the path of the North African Monsoon – usually southward. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Therefore human emissions upset the natural balance, rising CO2 to levels not seen in at least 800,000 years. | The sharp acceleration in CO 2 emissions since 2000 to more than a 3% increase per year (more than 2 ppm per year) from 1.1% per year during the 1990s is attributable to the lapse of formerly declining trends in carbon intensity of both developing and developed nations. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Some, however, bristle at the belief that because floods and storms have always occurred, they should not be linked to climate change” | Public attention was renewed amidst summer droughts and heat waves when James Hansen testified to a Congressional hearing on 23 June 1988, stating with high confidence that long term warming was underway with severe warming likely within the next 50 years, and warning of likely storms and floods. | REFUTES |
Forward projections of solar cyclicity imply the next few decades may be marked by global cooling rather than warming, despite continuing CO2 emissions. | Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 were equivalent to 49 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (using the most recent global warming potentials over 100 years from the AR5 report). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Climate projections also assume that planet Earth is not dynamic | In meteorology and oceanography, it is convenient to postulate a rotating frame of reference wherein the Earth is stationary. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The heat extremes were especially pervasive in the Arctic, with temperatures in the fall running 20 to 30 degrees Fahrenheit above normal across large stretches of the Arctic Ocean. | The Arctic Ocean is the mass of water positioned approximately above latitude 65° N. Arctic Sea Ice refers to the area of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Note that computer models are just concatenations of calculations you could do on a hand-held calculator, so they are theoretical and cannot be part of any evidence." | When reconsidering data from experiments and samples or when analyzing data from observational studies, statisticians "make sense of the data" using the art of modelling and the theory of inference – with model selection and estimation; the estimated models and consequential predictions should be tested on new data. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
What you were not told was that the data that triggered this record is only available back to the late 1970s. | In late 2007, the FBI announced that a partial DNA profile had been obtained from three organic samples found on Cooper's clip-on tie in 2001, though they later acknowledged that there is no evidence that the hijacker was the source of the sample material. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The latest NOAA report is “a reminder that climate change has not, despite the insistence of climate contrarians ‘paused’ or even slowed down,” Mann said.. | The statement references the IPCC's Fourth Assessment of 2007, and asserts that "climate change is happening even faster than previously estimated; global CO 2 emissions since 2000 have been higher than even the highest predictions, Arctic sea ice has been melting at rates much faster than predicted, and the rise in the sea level has become more rapid". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
With that in mind, they propose a plausible and terrifying “2050 scenario” whereby humanity could face irreversible collapse in just three decades. | Chalmers' argument is that it seems plausible that such a being could exist because all that is needed is that all and only the things that the physical sciences describe and observe about a human being must be true of the zombie. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
195 countries signed the 2015 Paris Agreement, agreeing to limit global warming and adapt to climate change, partly by protecting nature. | On 12 December 2015, the participating 196 countries agreed, by consensus, to the final global pact, the Paris Agreement, to reduce emissions as part of the method for reducing greenhouse gas. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors of climate change, but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one. | While ‘climate change’ can be due to natural forces or human activity, there is now substantial evidence to indicate that human activity – and specifically increased greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions – is a key factor in the pace and extent of global temperature increases. | REFUTES |
Only very few peer-reviewed papers even go so far as to say that recent warming is chiefly anthropogenic. | The introduction includes this statement: There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use, including agriculture and deforestation. | REFUTES |
There isn’t yet any empirical evidence for their claim that greenhouse gases even cause temperatures to increase. | Increases in ambient temperatures and changes in related processes are directly linked to rising anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere. | REFUTES |
Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2 | The heat needed to raise an average temperature increase of the entire world ocean by 0.01 °C would increase the atmospheric temperature by approximately 10 °C. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Cold weather to grip world as solar minimum to deepen, NASA says | Its statements concur with the global scientific consensus that the global climate is warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
more than 100 per cent of the warming over the past century is due to human actions. | The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said the likelihood was 90 percent to 99 percent that emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, spewed from tailpipes and smokestacks, were the dominant cause of the observed warming of the last 50 years. | SUPPORTS |
Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995 | "Reduction in surface climate change achieved by the 1987 Montreal Protocol". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Climate Change ‘Heat Records’ Are a Huge Data Manipulation | The study of contemporary climates incorporates meteorological data accumulated over many years, such as records of rainfall, temperature and atmospheric composition. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
By 2050 there’s a scientific consensus that we reached the tipping point for ice sheets in Greenland and the West Antarctic | For example, at some level of temperature rise the melt of a large part of the Greenland ice sheet and/or West Antarctic Ice Sheet will become inevitable; but the ice sheet itself may persist for many centuries. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Over the past 250 years, humans have added just one part of CO2 in 10,000 to the atmosphere. | As a result of this balance, the atmospheric mole fraction of carbon dioxide remained between 260 and 280 parts per million for the 10,000 years between the end of the last glacial maximum and the start of the industrial era. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Global methane levels published by CSIRO are now relatively stable showing fluctuations during El Nino events. | The Curiosity rover has documented seasonal fluctuations of atmospheric methane levels on Mars. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Without the forests' humidity, previously moisture-laden winds blew dry. | An important feature of cloud forests is the tree crowns can intercept the wind-driven cloud moisture, part of which drips to the ground. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
When CO2 was higher in the past, the sun was cooler. | Because the Earth is much colder than the Sun, it radiates at much longer wavelengths, primarily in the infrared part of the spectrum (see Figure 1). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature | Both CO 2 and CH 4 vary between glacial and interglacial phases, and concentrations of these gases correlate strongly with temperature. | REFUTES |
Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels | There may have been changes in other climate extremes (e.g., floods, droughts and tropical cyclones) but these changes are more difficult to identify. | REFUTES |
Skeptics who oppose scientific findings that threaten their world view are far closer to Galileo's belief-based critics in the Catholic Church. | Many creationists strongly oppose certain scientific theories in a number of ways, including opposition to specific applications of scientific processes, accusations of bias within the scientific community, and claims that discussions within the scientific community reveal or imply a crisis. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The models predicted about three times the amount of warming in the world we’ve seen since 1988. | Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Ocean levels have been rising for the last 20,000 years[…] No climate scientist can tell you when natural sea level rise stopped and man-made sea level rise began. | The rate of rise started to slow down about 8,200 years before present; the sea level was almost constant in the last 2,500 years, before the recent rising trend that started at the end of the 19th century or in the beginning of the 20th. | REFUTES |
Polar bear numbers are increasing. | In 2010, the 2005 increase was partially reversed. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
May 2018 marked the 401st straight month of global temperatures exceeding the 20th century average. | The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Opponents of climate action are getting twice as much airtime as proponents of climate action. | The British press also changed its coverage at the end of 1988, following a speech by Margaret Thatcher to the Royal Society advocating action against human-induced climate change. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
"by the 2001 [IPCC] climate assessment...the Medieval Warm Period had been ingeniously wiped out. | The IPCC First Assessment Report in 1990 noted evidence that Holocene climatic optimum around 5,000-6,000 years ago had been warmer than the present (at least in summer) and that in some areas there had been exceptional warmth during "a shorter Medieval Warm Period (which may not have been global)" about AD 950-1250, followed by a cooler period of the Little Ice Age which ended only in the middle to late nineteenth century. | SUPPORTS |
The PDO shows no trend, and therefore the PDO is not responsible for the trend of global warming. | There has been no upward trend in the amount of the Sun's energy reaching the Earth, so it cannot be responsible for the current warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The current solar minimum could last for more than three decades which could lead to temperatures plummeting across the globe, scientists have warned. | The article quotes froma study(misidentified as published in Nature; it was actually published in Scientific Reports) but did not check with outside experts, who would have explained its key flaws. [UPDATE That study wasretractedby the journal on 4 March, 2020, for errors.] | REFUTES |
it’s virtually impossible to get funded for work that disputes climate change through other channels [other than oil companies] | The New York Times and others reported in 2015 that oil companies knew that burning oil and gas could cause climate change and global warming since the 1970s but nonetheless funded deniers for years. | SUPPORTS |
Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese." | Trump rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. | SUPPORTS |
'The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change misled the press and public into believing that thousands of scientists backed its claims on manmade global warming, according to Mike Hulme, a prominent climate scientist and IPCC insider. | In 1988, the UNEP and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), another UN organization, established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which assesses and reports on research on global warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Ocean and surface temperature measurements find the planet continues to accumulate heat. | Greenhouse gases trap heat radiating from the Earth to space. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
A recent Nature study expecting more severe hurricanes from global warming still found that damages would halve from 0.04 per cent to 0.02 per cent of global GDP, because the increased ferocity would be more than made up by increased prosperity and resilience. | In 2019 the National Bureau of Economic Research found that increase in average global temperature by 0.04 °C per year, in absence of mitigation policies, will reduce world real GDP per capita by 7.22% by 2100. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
But then, just over a year ago, Mike Wallace, a hydrologist with 30 years’ experience, noticed while researching his PhD that they had omitted some key information[…] his results were surprising: there has been no reduction in oceanic pH | Upon completion of at least two years' research and coursework as a graduate student, a candidate must demonstrate truthful and original contributions to their specific field of knowledge within a frame of academic excellence. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
“Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models. | Therefore, climate models are used to study how individual factors affect climate. | SUPPORTS |
the US corn crop, at its peak, produces 40% more oxygen than the Amazon rainforest. | A remote sensing technique known as sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence is used by scientists to measure gross primary productivity—the capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis—over large regions. A 2014 study did show that, per unit area, the US Corn Belt is the most productive cropland on Earth during summer in the northern hemisphere. However, the study did not compare the productivity of natural ecosystems with that of croplands, nor did it measure the amount of oxygen produced by these environments. | REFUTES |
But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening. | Physical climate models are also unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades when taking into account only variations in solar output and volcanic activity. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
“climate economists see a positive externality, not a negative one, from the human influence on climate. | In economic theory, pollution is considered a negative externality, a negative effect on a third party not directly involved in a transaction, and is a type of market failure. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
(2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe. | This is down from a peak of 17.1% in 2012. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
“Yet, a new study of 60 climate models and scenarios shows this warning fails to take into account the fact that global warming will mean precipitation increases. | Past models have underestimated the rate of Arctic shrinkage and underestimated the rate of precipitation increase. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Human CO2 is a tiny fraction of CO2 emissions. | The oceans act as an enormous carbon sink, and have taken up about a third of CO 2 emitted by human activity. | REFUTES |
However, studies have determined that current technology is sufficient to reduce greenhouse gas emissions the necessary amount, and that we can do so without significant impact on the economy. | There is overwhelming agreement among economists that carbon taxes are the most efficient and effective way to curb climate change, with the least adverse effects on the economy. | SUPPORTS |
The report suggests significantly smaller overall ice-mass losses than previous estimates. | "Sharply increased mass loss from glaciers and ice caps in theCanadian Arctic Archipelago". | REFUTES |
Study Shows The Great Barrier Reef Is Growing Quickly | Research shows that the Great Barrier Reef faces ongoing threats from climate change, including warmer ocean temperatures and more intense tropical cyclones. These threats pose long-term danger to coral reefs and can easily reverse short-term growth in coral cover. | REFUTES |
If the public were aware that man-made CO2 is so incredibly small there would be very little belief in a climate disaster ..." | Steven Quiring, climatologist from Texas A&M University added that "whether scientists like it or not, An Inconvenient Truth has had a much greater impact on public opinion and public awareness of global climate change than any scientific paper or report." | REFUTES |
'Our harmless emissions of trifling quantities of carbon dioxide cannot possibly acidify the oceans. | Carbon dioxide also causes ocean acidification because it dissolves in water to form carbonic acid. | REFUTES |
"The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a temperature pattern in the Pacific Ocean that spends roughly 20-30 years in the cool phase or the warm phase. | The PDO is detected as warm or cool surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, north of 20°N. | SUPPORTS |
Our evolving dynamic planet has survived[…] mass extinctions | The last mass extinction occurred some 66 million years ago, when a meteorite collision probably triggered the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs and other large reptiles, but spared small animals such as mammals. | SUPPORTS |
The gas builds up in the soil, forming mounds called ‘pingoes.’ | The clumping of the soil textural components of sand, silt and clay causes aggregates to form and the further association of those aggregates into larger units creates soil structures called peds (a contraction of the word pedolith). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
until temperature increases began to slow down after 1998 and remained relatively stable for a period of 15 years | Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
(2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe. | Florida is west of The Bahamas and 90 miles (140 km) north of Cuba. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
A few degrees of global warming has a huge impact on ice sheets, sea levels and other aspects of climate. | An example of this is the melting of ice sheets, which contributes to sea level rise. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Societies do fall apart from war, disease or chaos. | It proved to be the death struggle of a society, which went down in ruins. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Barack Obama supports proposals "to devote billions of dollars annually to state game and fish agencies and federal land management agencies to help them ensure that fish and wildlife survive the impacts of climate change." | His proposal was to spend $900 billion over 10 years and include a government insurance plan, also known as the public option, to compete with the corporate insurance sector as a main component to lowering costs and improving quality of health care. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Newt Gingrich "teamed with Nancy Pelosi and Al Gore on global warming." | Gore was initially hesitant to be Bill Clinton's running mate for the 1992 United States presidential election, but after clashing with the George H. W. Bush administration over global warming issues, he decided to accept the offer. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
‘Next year or the year after, the Arctic will be free of ice’ | (Current projected consequences of global warming include a largely ice-free Arctic Ocean within 5–20 years, see Arctic shrinkage.) | REFUTES |
Previous studies have shown that weakening carbon sinks will add 0.25°C, forest dieback will add 0.11°C, permafrost thaw will add 0.9°C and increased bacterial respiration will add 0.02°C. | A global temperature rise of 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) above current levels would be enough to start the thawing of permafrost in Siberia, according to one group of scientists. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The top five countries for passenger aviation-related carbon emissions were rounded out by China, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany. | Air transport in the UK accounted for 6.3 per cent of all UK carbon emissions in 2006. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Ben Santer could not have and did not single-handedly alter the 1995 IPCC report. | Climate Change 1995, the IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR), was finished in 1996. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Tallahassee reduced its carbon intensity by roughly 40 percent. | These include a target to reduce the energy intensity of their GDP by 20% during the 2005–10 period. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Last month was the hottest June ever recorded, European satellite agency announces | Globally, June 2014 was the hottest June since records began in 1880, according to latest data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). | REFUTES |
However, weather imposes its own dramatic ups and downs over the long term trend. | All these effects can combine to produce a dramatic drop in sea surface temperature over a large area in just a few days. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
We don't need a high heat flow - just a high temperature for the core to affect the surface climate. | El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
CO2 emissions from all commercial operations in 2018 totaled 918 million metric tons—2.4% of global CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use. | In 2011, according to the International Energy Agency, the actual CO2 emissions from electricity generation were 67.32 million metric tons, a share of 36.7% of the countries' total CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
But despite [the Gulf Stream], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record. | By carrying warm water northeast across the Atlantic, it makes Western and especially Northern Europe warmer than it otherwise would be. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The global surface mean temperature-change data no longer have any scientific value and are nothing more than a propaganda tool to the public. | Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported government and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
In 1990 the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicted that temperatures would rise by 0.54F (0.3C) per decade. | They predict that under a "business as usual" (BAU) scenario, global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the [21st] century. | SUPPORTS |
in a letter to The Times from Lord Krebs and company, essentially telling the newspaper to stop reporting less-than-negative climate stories. | In 1993, the Times published articles purporting to debunk climate change. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Global temperature is still rising and 2010 was the hottest recorded. | Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system. | SUPPORTS |
Scientists tried to 'hide the decline' in global temperature | The email was widely misquoted as a "trick" to "hide the decline" as though it referred to a decline in measured global temperatures, but this was obviously untrue as when the email was written temperatures were far from declining: 1998 had been the warmest year recorded. | REFUTES |
If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised. | Over several decades of development, models have consistently provided a robust and unambiguous picture of significant climate warming in response to increasing greenhouse gases. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Also found was that the correlation between solar activity and global temperatures ended around 1975, hence recent warming must have some other cause than solar variations. | Earlier extended minima have been discovered through analysis of tree rings and appear to have coincided with lower-than-average global temperatures. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
18 proxies tell us the world was the same or warmer 1,000 years ago. | However, the annual mean temperature of the current interglacial period for the last 10,000 years is no higher than that of previous interglacial periods, yet some of the same megafauna survived similar temperature increases. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The bottom line is there’s no solid connection between climate change and the major indicators of extreme weather | Other likely changes are listed below: Increased areas will be affected by drought There will be increased intense tropical cyclone activity There will be increased incidences of extreme high sea level (excluding tsunamis) Storm strength leading to extreme weather is increasing, such as the power dissipation index of hurricane intensity. | REFUTES |
Solar cycles cause global warming. | In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization. | "Global pollution kills 9m a year and threatens 'survival of human societies'". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Also, it is increasingly clear that the planet was significantly warmer than today several times during the past 10,000 years. | The current scientific consensus is that: Earth's climate has warmed significantly since the late 1800s. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. | Human activities have increased atmospheric CO2levels from 280 ppm to more than 400 ppm since industrialization, which is an increase greater than the margin of error of current measurements. Oceans presently serve as a sink for CO2, not a source. | REFUTES |
It’s usually taken to be the fact that as carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere increase, the 1 per cent of CO2 that’s the heavier carbon isotope ratio c13 declines in proportion. | Measured atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are currently 100 ppm higher than pre-industrial levels. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
However, there is a process of accretion, where coral broken up by the waves washes up on these low-lying islands as sand, counteracting the reduction in land mass. | Over time, corals fragment and die, sand and rubble accumulates between the corals, and the shells of clams and other molluscs decay to form a gradually evolving calcium carbonate structure. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The lower temperatures at this "coldest point" have caused global water vapor levels to drop, even as carbon levels rise. | These isotope changes occurred due to the release of carbon from the ocean into the atmosphere that led to a temperature increase of 4-8 °C (7-14 °F) at the surface of the ocean. | REFUTES |
Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), in which the likely range is given as 2.0°C to 4.5°C, with a best estimate of 3.0°C" (Pat Michaels) | It is likely to be in the range of 2 to 4.5 °C, with a best estimate of about 3 °C. | SUPPORTS |
no one really knows if last year 2016 was a global temperature record. | This allows a temperature record to be constructed. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Their analysis calculates the existential climate-related security risk to Earth through a scenario set 30 years into the future. | A global catastrophic risk is a hypothetical future event which could damage human well-being on a global scale, even crippling or destroying modern civilization. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |