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IPCC human-caused global warming attribution confidence is unfounded. | Since the mid-20th century, most of the observed warming is "likely" (greater than 66% probability, based on expert judgement) due to human activities. | REFUTES |
Cold weather to grip world as solar minimum to deepen, NASA says | "NOAA Space Weather Scales Page Has Changed". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The iris hypothesis has not withstood the test of time - subsequent research | "A scientific hypothesis is tested to absolute destruction, but medicine can't wait. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Volcanoes have been relatively frequent and if anything, have exerted a cooling effect. | Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere (or troposphere); however, they also absorb heat radiated from the Earth, thereby warming the upper atmosphere (or stratosphere). | SUPPORTS |
[NASA] has been adjusting temperatures from the past[...] downward, while adjusting current-day temperatures upward, and those changes are responsible for most of the claimed global warming during that time. | Necessary adjustments to temperature datasets have, in total, reduced the apparent global warming trend since the late 1800s. Many independent datasets support the accuracy of NASAs temperature record. | REFUTES |
A new peer-reviewed study on Surface Warming and the Solar Cycle found that times of high solar activity are on average 0.2°C warmer than times of low solar activity, and that there is a polar amplification of the warming. | Also, average solar activity in the 2010s was no higher than in the 1950s (see above), whereas average global temperatures had risen markedly over that period. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
For the past 4567 million years, the sun and the Earth’s orbit have driven climate change cycles. | Orbital forcing from cycles in the earth's orbit around the sun has, for the past 2,000 years, caused a long-term northern hemisphere cooling trend that continued through the Middle Ages and the Little Ice Age. | SUPPORTS |
climate models predict too much warming in the troposphere | Globally, the troposphere (at the TLT altitude at which the MSU sounder measure) is predicted to warm about 1.2 times more than the surface; in the tropics, the troposphere should warm about 1.5 times more than the surface. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. | The Greenland, and possibly the Antarctic, ice sheets have been losing mass recently, because losses by ablation including outlet glaciers exceed accumulation of snowfall. | SUPPORTS |
'On June 23, 1988, NASA scientist James Hansen testified before the House of Representatives that there was a strong "cause and effect relationship" between observed temperatures and human emissions into the atmosphere. | Hansen testified that "Global warming has reached a level such that we can ascribe with a high degree of confidence a cause and effect relationship between the greenhouse effect and observed warming...It is already happening now" and "The greenhouse effect has been detected and it is changing our climate now...We already reached the point where the greenhouse effect is important." | SUPPORTS |
“suggest that residents are fleeing atolls swiftly sinking into the sea. | "Islands disappear under rising seas". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed | Globally, weather station data show that the world has warmed by roughly 1 °C so far–as has Australia. The warming trend over the last couple decades has matched climate model projections made during that time period. | REFUTES |
Climate policy must compete with other long-term threats for always-scarce resources.” | Spokespeople within these groups argue that universal access to a clean and healthy environment and access to critical natural resources are basic human rights. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
contrary to the hypothesis that rising temperature is caused by increasing CO2. | Not only do increasing carbon dioxide concentrations lead to increases in global surface temperature, but increasing global temperatures also cause increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide. | REFUTES |
‘The dry periods are drier and the wet periods are wetter,’ said Jeffrey Mount, a water expert and senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California. | In certain areas where the climate is drier, it becomes a true semi-desert with ground not entirely covered by vegetation: "open" as opposed to "closed" vegetation. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
South Australia is winning: it has the most unreliable grid in the world outside Africa and the most expensive electricity. | "FactCheck: does South Australia have the 'highest energy prices' in the nation and 'the least reliable grid'?". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The science is clear, climate change is making extreme weather events, including tornadoes, worse. | As the Earth's climate warms, we are seeing many changes: stronger, more destructive hurricanes; heavier rainfall; more disastrous flooding; more areas of the world experiencing severe drought; and more heat waves." | SUPPORTS |
Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory | The eruptions would also have emitted carbon dioxide, causing global warming. | SUPPORTS |
Unprecedented climate change has caused sea level at Sydney Harbour to rise approximately 0.0 cm over the past 140 years. | This meme presents two photos of Fort Denison in Sydney Harbour, claiming they prove that no sea level rise has occurred. However, long-term tide gauge records at that very location (and elsewhere) clearly record sea level rise. These photos do not give the viewer enough information to determine how much sea level rise has occurred. | REFUTES |
“The most famous of these studies, published in 2010 by Paul Kench and Arthur Webb of the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission in Fiji, showed that of 27 Pacific islands, 14% lost area. | Paul Kench at the University of Auckland in New Zealand and Arthur Webb at the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission in Fiji released a study in 2010 on the dynamic response of atolls and reef islands in the central Pacific. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
the total area burned in the western United States over the past 33 years was double the size it would have been without any human-caused warming. | Over most land areas since the 1950s, it is very likely that at all times of year both days and nights have become warmer due to human activities. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Forward projections of solar cyclicity imply the next few decades may be marked by global cooling rather than warming, despite continuing CO2 emissions. | No reference is provided for the claim that solar activity is projected to decline beyond other Heartland Institute publications. | REFUTES |
Carbon dioxide is a trace gas.” | They are trace gases that account for almost one tenth of 1% of Earth's atmosphere. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
“[Sea ice] also helps regulate the planet’s temperature by influencing the circulation of the atmosphere and ocean. | These variations can affect global average surface temperature by redistributing heat between the deep ocean and the atmosphere and/or by altering the cloud/water vapor/sea ice distribution which can affect the total energy budget of the earth. | SUPPORTS |
The warming is extremely rapid on the geologic time scale, and no other factor can explain it as well as human emissions of greenhouse gases. | There is considerable evidence that over the very recent period of the last 100–1000 years, the sharp increases in human activity, especially the burning of fossil fuels, has caused the parallel sharp and accelerating increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases which trap the sun's heat. | SUPPORTS |
The changes in the amount of oxygen in the shells isn’t a reflection of changing temperatures – just a consequence of the fact that the amount of oxygen seen changes over time anyway. | The exact cause of the variation of the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere is not known. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
until temperature increases began to slow down after 1998 and remained relatively stable for a period of 15 years | Throughout this period ocean heat storage continued to progress steadily upwards, and in subsequent years surface temperatures have spiked upwards. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Thousands of coral atolls have "drowned" when unable to grow fast enough to survive at sea level. | The atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. | REFUTES |
In 1946, PDO switched to a cool phase. | 1976/1977: PDO changed to a "warm" phase. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
describes a world of worsening food shortages and wildfires, and a mass die-off of coral reefs as soon as 2040 | A recent paper published by the National Academy of Sciences of the USA warns that: "Synergistic effects of habitat destruction, overfishing, introduced species, warming, acidification, toxins, and massive runoff of nutrients are transforming once complex ecosystems like coral reefs and kelp forests into monotonous level bottoms, transforming clear and productive coastal seas into anoxic dead zones, and transforming complex food webs topped by big animals into simplified, microbially dominated ecosystems with boom and bust cycles of toxic dinoflagellate blooms, jellyfish, and disease". | SUPPORTS |
Over the past 250 years, humans have added just one part of CO2 in 10,000 to the atmosphere. | Since the time of the Industrial Revolution about 200 years ago, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from about 280 parts per million to 370 parts per million, an increase of around 30%. | REFUTES |
The answer lies in the summer’s record-breaking heat, say wildfire experts. | Across the country, the average summer temperatures have increased leading to record-breaking hot weather, with the early summer of 2019 the hottest on record. | SUPPORTS |
Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time. | The reason for this is that human activities are adding CO2 to the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove it (see carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere for a complete explanation). | SUPPORTS |
Sea level rise has been slow and a constant, pre-dating industrialization | Sea levels have risen at increased pace since industrialization, with the fastest rates of sea level rise occurring in the late 20th century. At local geographic regions, sea levels can rise faster or slower than the global average, and in the past, these local variations might have been large in magnitude. However, at the global scale, sea levels are rising at an accelerated rate due to human-induced global warming. | REFUTES |
Beginning in 2005, however, polar ice modestly receded for several years. | This long-term average was markedly surpassed in recent years with the glacier receding 30 m (98 ft) per year during the period between 1999–2005. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise. | Warming beyond the 2 °C (3.6 °F) target potentially lead to rates of sea-level rise dominated by ice loss from Antarctica. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Barack Obama told the U.S. Coast Guard Academy "that the number one threat to the military and the world today is global warming." | "A Global Threat Emerges". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
"Three recent articles give us reason to question the alarmists’ claims that coral reefs are in deep trouble due to the buildup of greenhouse gases." (World Climate Report) | In November 2017, a second warning to humanity signed by 15,364 scientists from 184 countries stated that "the current trajectory of potentially catastrophic climate change due to rising greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agricultural production – particularly from farming ruminants for meat consumption" is "especially troubling". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Great Barrier Reef may perish by 2030s | "Great Barrier Reef has 'lost half its coral since 1985'". | SUPPORTS |
at the end of recent ice ages, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere started to rise only after temperatures began to climb. | An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Shelters in poorer countries are not repainted as often, and darker stations absorb more of the sun’s energy. | For example, within the urban microclimate, less-vegetated poor neighborhoods bear more of the heat (but have fewer means of coping with it). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Donald Trump claims Global Warming is a hoax | "NASA Faked the Moon Landing—Therefore, (Climate) Science Is a Hoax". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Worry about global warming impacts in the next 100 years, not an ice age in over 10,000 years. | Projections based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios suggest warming over the 21st century at a more rapid rate than that experienced for at least the last 10,000 years. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
We note that the Earth has never in its history had a quasi-stable state that is around 2C warmer than the preindustrial and suggest that there is substantial risk that the system, itself, will ‘want’ to continue warming because of all of these other processes – even if we stop emissions,” she said. | A 2018 study tried to identify such a planetary threshold for self-reinforcing feedbacks and found that even a 2 °C (3.6 °F) increase in temperature over pre-industrial levels may be enough to trigger such a hothouse Earth scenario. | SUPPORTS |
The research also revealed how large areas of the polar ice caps could collapse and significant changes to ecosystems could see the Sahara Desert become green and the edges of tropical forests turn into fire-dominated savanna. | The potential for major sea level rise depends mostly on a significant melting of the polar ice caps of Greenland and Antarctica, as this is where the vast majority of glacial ice is located. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
‘Getting hung up on the exact nature of the records is interesting, and there’s lots of technical work that can be done there, but the main take-home response there is that the trends we’ve been seeing since the 1970s are continuing and have not paused in any way,’ he said.” | Tech writer Bruce Sterling commented in 2007 that using Twitter for "literate communication" is "about as likely as firing up a CB radio and hearing some guy recite the Iliad". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Losing tropical forests is not somehow cheaper than putting up wind farms in the US or Sahara.” | The degradation of forest ecosystems has also been traced to economic incentives that make forest conversion appear more profitable than forest conservation. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The winds around the continent seem to be strengthening, stirring the ocean and bringing up a layer of warmer water that has most likely been there for centuries. | Atlantic Water has the same salinity as Arctic Bottom Water but is much warmer (up to 3 °C). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Hurricanes aren't linked to global warming | Global warming contributes 0.6°C to this. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification, which is catastrophically harming marine life. | As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, the increased uptake of carbon dioxide into the oceans is causing a measurable decrease in the pH of the oceans, which is referred to as ocean acidification. | SUPPORTS |
“[T]he 1079 emails and 72 documents seem indeed evidence of a scandal involving most of the most prominent scientists pushing the man-made warming theory - a scandal that is one of the greatest in modern science. | Writing for Newsweek, journalist Sharon Begley called the controversy a "highly orchestrated, manufactured scandal", noting that the public was unlikely to change their mind. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect. | This increase of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere has produced the current episode of global warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide. | Most carbon dioxide from human activities is released from burning coal and other fossil fuels. | SUPPORTS |
While evidence that the earth’s orbital variations impact radiation levels and thus global temperatures does not of course mean that man is not in some way impacting the climate, studies like these highlight that the role man plays on the planet is dwarfed by natural phenomena utterly out of our control. | Milankovitch studied changes in these movements of the Earth, which alter the amount and location of solar radiation reaching the Earth. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
"Pollution; none of us are supporting putting substances into the atmosphere or the waterways that might be pollutants, but carbon dioxide is not a pollutant. | Flue gas from combustion of the fossil fuels contains carbon dioxide and water vapor, as well as pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and, for coal-fired plants, mercury, traces of other metals, and fly ash. | SUPPORTS |
There is no factual data to back up global warming; real scientists don’t know whether CO2, solar sunspots or natural activity cause global warming | Anthropogenic emissions of CO2and other greenhouse gases are the leading cause of global mean temperature rise in the industrial era. Solar activity plays only a minor role in current climate changes, and is not a major contributor to the global warming trend observed over the past decades. | REFUTES |
The data is being reported by the University of Illinois's Arctic Climate Research Center, and is derived from satellite observations of the Northern and Southern hemisphere polar regions (Daily Tech). | It was developed completely from surface-based weather observations, including descriptions of clouds found near frontal boundaries. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
All the indicators show that global warming is still happening. | The 10th Emissions Gap Report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) predicts that if emissions continue to increase at the same rate as they have in 2010–2020, global temperatures would rise by as much as 4° by 2100. | SUPPORTS |
...Livestock are responsible for 18 per cent of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming, more than cars, planes and all other forms of transport put together. | A 2013 study estimated that livestock accounted for 44% of human-induced methane and ~15% of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Heat Waves are increasing at an alarming rate and heat kills. | Also more than 2,000 people died in Karachi, Pakistan in June 2015 due to a severe heat wave with temperatures as high as 49 °C (120 °F). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The Millennium Drought starting in 1997 and ending in 2010 was misinterpreted as a long term trend as a consequence of Climate Change. | He says that the drought in Australia is already 8 years long. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations across the globe, all reporting the same trend. | Now measurements are made at many sites globally. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The April low temperatures here are now about 6 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than they used to be. | With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the U.S. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
"The solar system oscillates with a 60-year cycle due to the Jupiter/Saturn three-synodic cycle and to a Jupiter/Saturn beat tidal cycle... | From the 12th century onwards, we observe the usage of two sixty-year cycles. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
“Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense. | In the last 30–40 years, heat waves with high humidity have become more frequent and severe. | SUPPORTS |
Satellite temperature readings going back to 1979 show 1998 was by far the warmest year in the satellite era | The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so subsequent annual temperatures gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006, it appeared to some that global warming had stopped or paused. | SUPPORTS |
nothing we can do to stop the Earth’s naturally occurring climate cycles. | The Milankovitch cycles are a set of cyclic variations in characteristics of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. | SUPPORTS |
If there were [carbon emissions], we could not see because most carbon is black. | Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 were equivalent to 49 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (using the most recent global warming potentials over 100 years from the AR5 report). | REFUTES |
Their analysis calculates the existential climate-related security risk to Earth through a scenario set 30 years into the future. | Those that are at least "trans-generational" (affecting all future generations) in scope and "terminal"[clarification needed] in intensity are classified as existential risks. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
When you account for the effects which are not reflected in the market price of fossil fuels, like air pollution and health impacts, the true cost of coal and other fossil fuels is higher than the cost of most renewable energy technologies. | Oil refineries also have negative environmental impacts, including air and water pollution. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
In the past, warming has never been a threat to life on Earth. | Lovelock has become concerned about the threat of global warming from the greenhouse effect. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Consequently, the total amount of Arctic sea ice in 2008 and 2009 are the lowest on record. | The Arctic is affected by current global warming, leading to Arctic sea ice shrinkage, diminished ice in the Greenland ice sheet, and Arctic methane release as the permafrost thaws. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
NASA Finds Antarctica is Gaining Ice, | According to NASA, the most widespread Antarctic surface melting of the past 30 years occurred in 2005, when an area of ice comparable in size to California briefly melted and refroze; this may have resulted from temperatures rising to as high as 5 °C (41 °F). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Electricity rates are 40 percent higher in states that have required utility companies to use a certain amount of renewable energy such as solar power. | Renewable portfolio standards require renewable energy to exist (most of them intermittent such as wind and solar), but at the expense of utilities and consumers. | SUPPORTS |
Hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, droughts and other natural disasters have yet to show any obvious long-term change.” | Another form of severe weather is drought, which is a prolonged period of persistently dry weather (that is, absence of precipitation). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
By that time CO2 emissions had already risen from the expanded use of coal that had powered the industrial revolution, and emissions only increased slowly from 3.5gigatonnes in 1910 to under 4gigatonnes by the end of the Second World War. | Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. | SUPPORTS |
Using satellite data rather than tide-gauge data that is normally used to measure sea levels allows for more precise estimates of global sea level, since it provides measurements of the open ocean. | Tide gauges can only measure relative sea level, whilst satellites can also measure absolute sea level changes. | SUPPORTS |
whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present. | The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today is much lower than it was when plants emerged onto land during the Ordovician and Silurian periods. | SUPPORTS |
Multiple lines of independent evidence indicate humidity is rising and provides positive feedback. | Less water vapor means both low dew point temperatures and more efficient daytime heating, decreasing the chances of humidity in the atmosphere leading to cloud formation. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Hundreds of flowers across the UK are flowering earlier now than any time in 250 years. | 23 March 2015. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
"Austria is today seeing its earliest snowfall in history with 30 to 40 centimetres already predicted in the mountains. | This law of neutrality, passed in late October 1955 (and not the State Treaty itself), ensured that modern Austria would align with neither NATO nor the Soviet bloc, and is considered one of the reasons for Austria's delayed entry into the European Union in 1995. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees. | Taught master's degrees are normally one to two year courses, rated at 60 - 120 ECTS credits, while research master's degrees are normally two year courses, either rated at 120 ECTS credits or not credit rated. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The IPCC’s predicted equilibrium warming path bears no relation to the far lesser rate of “global warming” that has been observed in the 21st century to date. | They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The exception to this ice loss is Antarctic sea ice which has been growing despite the warming Southern Ocean. | Increased sea ice extent does not indicate that the Southern Ocean is cooling, since the Southern Ocean is warming. | SUPPORTS |
Sea level rise has been slow and a constant, pre-dating industrialization | The article incorrectly describes results from a scientific paper published in Geophysical Research Letters (according to an author of that paper) to support its claim that sea level rise is slow and not caused by human factors. | REFUTES |
The winds around the continent seem to be strengthening, stirring the ocean and bringing up a layer of warmer water that has most likely been there for centuries. | In fact, this water mass is actually warmer than the surface water, and remains submerged only due to the role of salinity in density. | SUPPORTS |
"Pollution; none of us are supporting putting substances into the atmosphere or the waterways that might be pollutants, but carbon dioxide is not a pollutant. | These dangerous pollutants are known as the criteria pollutants, and include ozone, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades. | The September minimum ice extent trend for 1979–2011 declined by 12.0% per decade during 32 years. | SUPPORTS |
A large number of ancient mass extinction events have been strongly linked to global climate change. | "End-Cretaceous extinction in Antarctica linked to both Deccan volcanism and meteorite impact via climate change". | SUPPORTS |
Mr. Singer is a professor emeritus of environmental science at the University of Virginia. | Singer accepted a professorship in Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia in 1971, a position he held until 1994, where he taught classes on environmental issues such as ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, population growth, and public policy issues related to oil and energy. | SUPPORTS |
IPCC were wrong about Amazon rainforests | Most of the basin is covered by the Amazon Rainforest, also known as Amazonia. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
‘Summers keep getting hotter,’ said Friederike Otto of the University of Oxford, who conducted extensive research into data from the heatwave that spread Europe in June, July and August 2017. | H. Rashdall, Universities of Europe, iii, 55–60. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Over the past one million years climate cycles ranging from Ice Ages to warmer periods have been caused by changing levels of energy from the sun, planetary alignments and ocean currents. | Suggested causes of ice age periods include the positions of the continents, variations in the Earth's orbit, changes in the solar output, and volcanism. | SUPPORTS |
Scotland's climate targets are toughest in the world | The climate of most of Scotland is temperate and oceanic, and tends to be very changeable., As it is warmed by the Gulf Stream from the Atlantic, it has much milder winters (but cooler, wetter summers) than areas on similar latitudes, such as Labrador, southern Scandinavia, the Moscow region in Russia, and the Kamchatka Peninsula on the opposite side of Eurasia. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Armed conflicts over resources may become a reality, and have the potential to escalate into nuclear war. | The Cuban Missile Crisis (October–November 1962) brought the world closer to nuclear war than ever before. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The two most cited composites are PMOD and ACRIM. | In 2014 a new ACRIM composite was developed using the updated ACRIM3 record. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
People tend to think of an ice-free Arctic in summer in terms of it merely being a symbol of global change. | Research shows that the Arctic may become ice-free in the summer for the first time in human history by 2040. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues. | Based on coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models from 2001, the THC tends to weaken somewhat rather than stop, and the warming effects outweigh the cooling, even over Europe. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
“In 2009, then-British Prime Minister Gordon Brown predicted that the world had only 50 days to save the planet from global warming. | On 5 June 2007, just three weeks before he was due to take the post of Prime Minister, Brown made a speech promising "British Jobs for British workers". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
By 2080, without dramatic reductions in emissions, southern Europe will be in permanent extreme drought, much worse than the American dust bowl ever was. | There are frequent summer droughts in this region. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |