claim
stringlengths
26
406
evidence
stringlengths
13
1.98k
evidence_label
stringclasses
3 values
Preventing future pandemics requires more not less “industrial” agriculture
This must be the way forward and we should end industrial agriculture in this country as well."
REFUTES
The latest NOAA report is “a reminder that climate change has not, despite the insistence of climate contrarians ‘paused’ or even slowed down,” Mann said..
The term is also used within the context of global warming to describe sudden climate change that is detectable over the time-scale of a human lifetime, possibly as the result of feedback loops within the climate system.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
A large number of ancient mass extinction events have been strongly linked to global climate change.
Among the main causes hypothesized by paleontologists are overkill by the widespread appearance of humans and natural climate change.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
the bushfires [in Australia] were caused by arsonists and a series of lightning strikes, not 'climate change'
Many fires are as a result of either deliberate arson or carelessness, however these fires normally happen in readily accessible areas and are rapidly brought under control.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.
Infrared observation showed a bright spot where the impact took place, meaning the impact warmed up the lower atmosphere in the area near Jupiter's south pole.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
“The global reef crisis does not necessarily mean extinction for coral species.
The extinction risk of global warming is the risk of species becoming extinct due to the effects of global warming.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Climate scientists say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.
The Gulf of Mexico is known for hurricanes in August, so their incidence alone cannot be attributed to global warming, but the warming climate does influence certain attributes of storms.
SUPPORTS
The monetary cost of damages has increased dramatically in recent decades, but that is due to increasing population, wealth and the amount of vulnerable infrastructure.
Despite income and wealth disparities, the United States continues to rank very high in measures of socioeconomic performance, including average wage, median income, median wealth, human development, per capita GDP, and worker productivity.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
according, again, to the official figures—during this past 10 years, if anything, mean global temperature, average world temperature, has slightly declined
Farmer 2014, p. 44: "Global average temperatures for 2013 have recently been published by the BEST study...2010 and 2005 remain the warmest years since records began in the 19th century.
REFUTES
Postma's model contains many simple errors; in no way does Postma undermine the existence or necessity of the greenhouse effect.
Since it is absurd to have no logical method for settling on one hypothesis amongst an infinite number of equally data-compliant hypotheses, we should choose the simplest theory: "Either science is irrational [in the way it judges theories and predictions probable] or the principle of simplicity is a fundamental synthetic a priori truth."
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Often the compensatory cooling, known as La Niña, is larger than the El Niño warming.”
The exact opposite heating and atmospheric pressure anomalies occur during La Niña.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
The full data for latitudes 64-90°N reveal the Arctic is warmer today than in 1940.
Another definition of the Arctic is the region where the average temperature for the warmest month (July) is below 10 °C (50 °F); the northernmost tree line roughly follows the isotherm at the boundary of this region.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Clouds provide negative feedback
The albedo of increased cloudiness cools the climate, resulting in a negative feedback; while the reflection of infrared radiation by clouds warms the climate, resulting in a positive feedback.
SUPPORTS
New Jersey is "losing 50 football fields of open space to development every day and the more we develop upstream the more flooding we have downstream."
This accessibility to consumer revenue has enabled seaside resorts such as Atlantic City and the remainder of the Jersey Shore, as well as the state's other natural and cultural attractions, to contribute significantly to the record 111 million tourist visits to New Jersey in 2018, providing US$44.7 billion in tourism revenue, directly supporting 333,860 jobs, sustaining more than 531,000 jobs overall including peripheral impacts, and generating US$5 billion in state and local tax revenue.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Pluto experiences drastic season changes due to an elliptical orbit (that takes 250 Earth years).
It has a moderately eccentric and inclined orbit during which it ranges from 30 to 49 astronomical units or AU (4.4–7.4 billion km) from the Sun.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
In an interview with the BBC after the scandal broke, Dr Jones admitted there had been no statistically significant global warming since 1995
Here is the quote: "The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can't."
SUPPORTS
The IPCC no longer includes the ‘Hockey stick’ chart in its reports.
A paragraph in the 2007 Working Group II report ("Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability"), chapter 10 included a projection that Himalayan glaciers could disappear by 2035 Glaciers in the Himalaya are receding faster than in any other part of the world (see Table 10.9) and, if the present rate continues, the likelihood of them disappearing by the year 2035 and perhaps sooner is very high if the Earth keeps warming at the current rate.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
The scientific consensus on whether global warming is human caused is not 97 percent, it’s less than 1 percent. There is no way to measure the human impact on climate change.
The claim that human impacts on climate change cannot be measured or separated from natural causes contrasts with many lines of evidence demonstrating that human influences far outweigh natural effects.
REFUTES
But his results are evidence that the actual climate sensitivity is about 3°C for a doubling of atmospheric CO2.
On the other hand, any doubling of the percentage of carbon dioxide in the air would raise the temperature of the earth's surface by 4°; and if the carbon dioxide were increased fourfold, the temperature would rise by 8°."
SUPPORTS
The 30,000 scientists and science graduates listed on the OISM petition represent a tiny fraction (0.3%) of all science graduates.
The total fresh STEM graduates were 2.6 million in 2016.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Every year air pollution protections are delayed, another 34,000 people will die prematurely.
In 2010, air pollution caused 1.2 million premature deaths in China.
SUPPORTS
The effects of enhanced CO2 on terrestrial plants are variable and complex and dependent on numerous factors.
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide certainly affects plant morphology and is acidifying oceans, and temperature affects species ranges, phenology, and weather, but, mercifully, the major impacts that have been predicted are still potential futures.
SUPPORTS
It “certainly puts the kibosh on everyone saying that Antarctica’s ice is just going up and up,” Meier said.
However, it is the outflow of the ice from the land to form the ice shelf which causes a rise in global sea level.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Study finds low probability of both very low and very high climate sensitivities, and its lower estimate (as compared to the IPCC) is based on a new temperature reconstruction of the Last Glacial Maximum that may or may not withstand the test of time.
Compared to the previous report, the lower bounds for the sensitivity of the climate system to emissions were slightly lowered, though the projections for global mean temperature rise (compared to pre-industrial levels) by 2100 exceeded 1.5 °C in all scenarios.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
“Catherine Senior, head of understanding climate change at the Met Office Hadley Centre, said more studies and more data were needed to fully understand the role of clouds and aerosols.
The statement stresses that the scientific understanding of climate change is now sufficiently clear to justify nations taking prompt action, and explicitly endorsed the IPCC consensus.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
The particular signature of warming in 2016 was also revealing in another way, Overpeck said, noting that the stratosphere… saw record cold temperatures last year
One of the strongest predictions of the greenhouse effect is that the stratosphere will cool.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Ironic' study finds more CO2 has slightly cooled the planet
This increase of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere has produced the current episode of global warming.
REFUTES
for every renewable energy job that the State manages to finance, Spain’s experience...reveals with high confidence, by two different methods, that the U.S. should expect a loss of at least 2.2 jobs on average
It would be possible to convert the total supply to 100% renewable energy, including heating, cooling and mobility, by 2050.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
The ice caps were going to melt. They were going to be gone by now, but now theyre setting records
Human-induced warming at the poles has caused a reduction in sea ice extent, notably in the Arctic, and a continuous shrinking of glaciers on land. President Trump has probably been misled by inaccurate articles likethis one published by Forbes.
REFUTES
Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory.
The resultant global warming may have caused perhaps the most severe anoxic event in the oceans' history: according to this theory, the oceans became so anoxic, anaerobic sulfur-reducing organisms dominated the chemistry of the oceans and caused massive emissions of toxic hydrogen sulfide.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
global warming ceased around the end of the twentieth century and was followed (since 1997) by 19 years of stable temperature
Global temperatures have continued to rise over the last few decades—notably in the oceans, which store over 90% of the excess heat trapped by the greenhouse gases humans have emitted. Over short intervals, temperatures may appear to increase slower or faster than the long term trend.
REFUTES
Like countless other organ­isms, we move and adapt when the environment changes.
Living organisms undergo metabolism, maintain homeostasis, possess a capacity to grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce and, through natural selection, adapt to their environment in successive generations.
SUPPORTS
“Several of the papers note that the primary influence on warming appears to be solar activity.
The scientific consensus as of 2013[update], as stated in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, is that it "is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century".
REFUTES
Geologists say that humans are now pumping the gas into the air much faster than nature has ever done.
Carbon dioxide can be obtained by distillation from air, but the method is inefficient.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
cutting speed limits could slow climate change
"Gardeners can slow climate change".
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
The last time the planet was even four degrees warmer, Peter Brannen points out in The Ends of the World, his new history of the planet’s major extinction events, the oceans were hundreds of feet higher.
The Ordovician saw the highest sea levels of the Paleozoic, and the low relief of the continents led to many shelf deposits being formed under hundreds of metres of water.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Climate scientists are telling us it’s likely we’re going to be in for a period of cooling.
Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects.
REFUTES
Climate change is due to cosmic rays.
They also found that galactic cosmic rays, and total solar irradiance did not have any statistically significant influence on changes in cloud cover.
REFUTES
So this is a government which is proposing to put at risk our manufacturing industry, to penalise struggling families, to make a tough situation worse for millions of households right around Australia.
Families are forced into increasing poverty, some facing a daily struggle to pay their rent and put food on their table.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Ocean levels have been rising for the last 20,000 years[…] No climate scientist can tell you when natural sea level rise stopped and man-made sea level rise began.
Since at least the start of the 20th century, the average global sea level has been rising.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Satellites measure Antarctica losing land ice at an accelerating rate.
A satellite record revealed that the overall increase in Antarctic sea ice extents reversed in 2014, with rapid rates of decrease in 2014–2017 reducing the Antarctic sea ice extents to their lowest values in the 40-y record.
SUPPORTS
Everybody knows that the Pacific island of Tuvalu is sinking. ...
"'Sinking' Pacific nation is getting bigger, showing islands are geologically dynamic: study | The Japan Times".
SUPPORTS
North America suffers extreme weather events including wildfires, drought, and heatwaves.
A heat wave is considered extreme weather that can be a natural disaster, and a danger because heat and sunlight may overheat the human body.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Not only was 2016 the warmest year on record, but eight of the 12 months that make up the year — from January through September, with the exception of June — were the warmest on record for those respective months.
The coldest month of the year is January, with an average temperature of 31 °F (−0.6 °C).
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
At that time, Hansen also produced a model of the future behavior of the globe’s temperature, which he had turned into a video movie that was heavily shopped in Congress.
Hansen concluded that global warming would be evident within the next few decades, and that it would result in temperatures at least as high as during the Eemian.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is misleading humanity about climate change and sea levels, and that in fact a new solar-driven cooling period is not far off.
Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Trumps action could push the Earth over the brink, to become like Venus, with a temperature of two hundred and fifty degrees, and raining sulphuric acid.
While feedbacks (like the release of greenhouse gas from thawing permafrost) can amplify climate change, the effect has limits. In its current state, Earth is not at risk of “runaway warming” that reaches the extreme temperatures of Venus.
REFUTES
The geological history of the planet shows major planetary climate changes have never been driven by a trace gas
Rennie 2009: "Claim 1: Anthropogenic CO2 can't be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources.
SUPPORTS
Greenland ice sheet … would balloon sea levels by around 7m should it disintegrate
The Greenland ice sheet occupies about 82% of the surface of Greenland, and if melted would cause sea levels to rise by 7.2 metres.
SUPPORTS
[S]unspot activity on the surface of our star has dropped to a new low. It’s feared this could herald the arrival of a uniquely grim ‘mini Ice Age’.
Observations have shown that solar flare activity on the surface of the Sun is in the quiet phase of its continuing 11-year cycle. This causes cooling of the thermosphere—a layer of the atmosphere that starts 65 miles above the surface—and will not cause noticeable cooling at the surface.
REFUTES
There will still be about a million square kilometres of ice in the Arctic in summer
It is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year and almost completely in winter.
SUPPORTS
'To suddenly label CO2 as a "pollutant" is a disservice to a gas that has played an enormous role in the development and sustainability of all life on this wonderful Earth.
Urbanization creates enormous social, economic and environmental changes, which provide an opportunity for sustainability with the "potential to use resources more efficiently, to create more sustainable land use and to protect the biodiversity of natural ecosystems."
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
While the north-east, midwest and upper great plains have experienced a 30% increase in heavy rainfall episodes – considered once-in-every-five year downpours – parts of the west, particularly California, have been parched by drought.
The valley experienced a severe drought from 2011 to 2017.
SUPPORTS
Royal Society embraces skepticism
In this way, Hume embraced what he called a "mitigated" skepticism, while rejecting an "excessive" Pyrrhonian skepticism that he saw as both impractical and psychologically impossible.
SUPPORTS
Since the mid 1970s, global temperatures have been warming at around 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade.
Multiple independently produced instrumental datasets confirm that the 2009–2018 decade was 0.93 ± 0.07 °C warmer than the pre-industrial baseline (1850–1900).
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
“It’s a good thing that we are putting some more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The scientific method has not been applied in such a way as to prove that carbon dioxide is causing the Earth to warm.”
Scientific studies find that human-caused increases in atmospheric CO2levels and other greenhouse gases are the primary driver of global warming.
REFUTES
The long-term correlation between CO2 and temperature is well established.
There is also a close correlation between CO2 and temperature, where CO2 has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.
SUPPORTS
The 'decline' refers to a decline in northern tree-rings, not global temperature, and is openly discussed in papers and the IPCC reports.
Several scientific sources state that the decline being referred to is a decline in tree ring climate proxy metrics, not temperature.
SUPPORTS
In addition, [climate models] ignore the fact that enriching the atmosphere with CO2 is beneficial
As the planet warms, it has been predicted that soils will add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere due to increased biological activity at higher temperatures, a positive feedback (amplification).
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
The "decline" refers to a decline in northern tree-rings, not global temperature, and is openly discussed in papers and the IPCC reports.
"Robust findings" of the Synthesis report include: "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level".
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.
As one fragment of the cloud collapsed it also began to rotate because of conservation of angular momentum and heat up with the increasing pressure.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.
Critics have noted that of the 105 "scientists" listed on the original 2001 petition, fewer than 20% were biologists, with few of the remainder having the necessary expertise to contribute meaningfully to a discussion of the role of natural selection in evolution.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Duffy pointed out that his chart was from a single tide gauge station, near San Francisco, and that sea levels rise at different rates around the world
To make accurate records, tide gauges at fixed stations measure water level over time.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
As the temperature has increased, so has the ability of scientists to determine whether specific events are linked to climate change.
This has led to increases in mean global temperature, or global warming.
SUPPORTS
Often the compensatory cooling, known as La Niña, is larger than the El Niño warming.”
The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Niño and the cooling phase as La Niña.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Shelters in poorer countries are not repainted as often, and darker stations absorb more of the sun’s energy.
Earth houses can be built using wide glass façades and dome-lights, allowing rooms to become bright and suffused with light.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Barack Obama told the U.S. Coast Guard Academy "that the number one threat to the military and the world today is global warming."
During his presidency, Obama described global warming as the greatest long-term threat facing the world.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
‘While volcanic eruptions are natural events, it was the timing of these that had such a noticeable effect on the trend.
Small eruptions, with injections of less than 0.1 Mt of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, affect the atmosphere only subtly, as temperature changes are comparable with natural variability.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
We're coming out of the Little Ice Age
... We have to deal with much the same way that Captain America, when thawed from the Arctic ice, entered a world that he didn't recognize," similar to the way Stan Lee and Jack Kirby reintroduced the character in the 1960s.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
More than 75 percent of the rainforest is losing resilience; More than half of the rainforest could be converted into savanna in a matter of decades
The Amazon rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world, home to a vast array of biodiversity, including many species yet to be discovered by scientists. It faces significant risks from deforestation and climate change, and recent research shows that these threats are causing much of the forest to lose resilience – the ability to bounce back from disturbances such as logging, fire and drought.
SUPPORTS
“Lyme Disease is much more common in northern, cooler regions of the United States than in southern, warmer regions.
The area from southern Rhode Island, Connecticut and New York City south to central Florida has a temperate climate, with long, hot summers and cold winters with occasional snow in the northern portions, and milder winters in the southern portions.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
an airplane is contributing to the emissions that put the frozen continent at risk.
Aviation's share of the greenhouse gas emissions is poised to grow, as air travel increases and ground vehicles use more alternative fuels like ethanol and biodiesel.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
[…] Constant 24-7 media coverage of every significant storm worldwide just makes it seem that way.”
At the same time, the war's coverage was new in its instantaneousness.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
more so than downsizing one’s car, or being vigilant about turning off light bulbs, and certainly more than quitting showering.
Intelligent Light System is a headlamp beam control system introduced in 2006 on the Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W211) which offers five different bi-xenon light functions, each of which is suited to typical driving or weather conditions: Country mode Motorway mode Enhanced fog lamps Active light function (Advanced front-lighting system (AFS)) Cornering light function Adaptive Highbeam Assist is Mercedes-Benz' marketing name for a headlight control strategy that continuously automatically tailors the headlamp range so the beam just reaches other vehicles ahead, thus always ensuring maximum possible seeing range without glaring other road users.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
There was, he said, an ‘inherent bias’ in scientific journals which predisposed them to publish ‘doom and gloom stories’.
Some journals, such as Nature, Science, PNAS, and Physical Review Letters, have a reputation of publishing articles that mark a fundamental breakthrough in their respective fields.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Trump's action could push the Earth over the brink, to become like Venus, with a temperature of two hundred and fifty degrees, and raining sulphuric acid.
Venus is by far the hottest planet in the Solar System, with a mean surface temperature of 735 K (462 °C; 863 °F), even though Mercury is closer to the Sun.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Comparisons to the most recent data consistently finds that climate change is occurring more rapidly and intensely than indicated by IPCC predictions.
They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability.
REFUTES
A subsequent study by Dessler (2011) found that Spencer's paper was not a test of climate sensitivity or feedbacks, and his assumptions do not match empirical observational data.
In 2008, Spencer and William Braswell published a paper in the Journal of Climate which suggests that natural variations in how clouds form could actually be causing temperature changes, rather than the other way around, and could also lead to overestimates of how sensitive the Earth's climate is to greenhouse gas emissions.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Melting ice leads to more sunlight being absorbed by water, thus heating the Arctic.
The primary cause of this phenomenon is ice-albedo feedback, where by melting ice uncovers darker land or ocean beneath, which then absorbs more sunlight, causing more heating.
SUPPORTS
the models predicted seven times as much warming as has been observed
Under the same emissions scenario but with a different model, the predicted median warming was 4.1 °C.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
The peer-reviewed study by two scientists and a veteran statistician looked at the global average temperature datasets[…]
In a paper published by PNAS on 9 September 2008, Mann and colleagues produced updated reconstructions of Earth surface temperature for the past two millennia.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
A drop of volcanic activity in the early 20th century may have had a warming effect.
Most of the sunlight that reaches the ground is absorbed, warming the surface, which emits radiation upward at longer, infrared, wavelengths.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
But the central message of the IPCC AR4, is confirmed by the peer reviewed literature.
Global Change Research Program, over the scientific consensus shown by the IPCC report and about the peer reviewed status of the papers it cited.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Arctic greening was recently cited, in a major report by the U.S. Geological Survey, as the central reason that the state of Alaska, despite worsening wildfires and more thaw of permafrost, might still be able to stow away more carbon than it loses over the course of the 21st century.”
In 2008, a research expedition for the American Geophysical Union detected levels of methane up to 100 times above normal in the Siberian Arctic, likely being released by methane clathrates being released by holes in a frozen 'lid' of seabed permafrost, around the outfall of the Lena River and the area between the Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
A natural cycle requires a forcing, and no known forcing exists that fits the fingerprints of observed warming - except anthropogenic greenhouse gases.
The spatial and temporal fingerprint of warming can be traced to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, which are a direct result of burning fossil fuels, broad-scale deforestation and other human activity.
SUPPORTS
The climate-change agreement between the United States and China "requires the Chinese to do nothing at all for 16 years."
It later produced a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, with one revision that was received by the convention on 21 September 2010.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
The IPCC’s predicted equilibrium warming path bears no relation to the far lesser rate of “global warming” that has been observed in the 21st century to date.
The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions is not consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Models and direct observations find that CFCs only contribute a fraction of the warming supplied by other greenhouse gases.
The seven sources of CO 2 from fossil fuel combustion are (with percentage contributions for 2000–2004): Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide (N 2O) and three groups of fluorinated gases (sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs)) are the major anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and are regulated under the Kyoto Protocol international treaty, which came into force in 2005.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
By 2050 there’s a scientific consensus that we reached the tipping point for ice sheets in Greenland and the West Antarctic
Both the Greenland ice sheet and Antarctica have tipping points for warming levels that could be reached before the end of the 21st century.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
And from 1940 to today, flood damage as a percentage of GDP has fallen to less than 0.05 per cent per year from about 0.2 per cent.
In 1985, agriculture made up 37.2% of Vietnam's GDP; in 2008, that number had declined to 18.5%.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.
Examples of mitigation include reducing energy demand by increasing energy efficiency, phasing out fossil fuels by switching to low-carbon energy sources, and removing carbon dioxide from Earth's atmosphere.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
This small warming is likely a result of the natural alterations in global ocean currents which are driven by ocean salinity variations.
This movement is slow and is driven by differences in density of the water caused by variations in salinity and temperature.
SUPPORTS
If sea levels rise six feet due to climate change, Waterplace Park in Providence and Wickford village would be swamped
Potential effects include sea level rise of 110 to 770 mm (0.36 to 2.5 feet) between 1990 and 2100, repercussions to agriculture, possible slowing of the thermohaline circulation, reductions in the ozone layer, increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, lowering of ocean pH, and the spread of tropical diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.
The OISM website states that "several members of the Institute's staff are also well known for their work on the Petition Project", and that the petition has "more than 31,000" signatures by scientists.
SUPPORTS
Over the last 30-40 years 80% of coral in the Caribbean have been destroyed and 50% in Indonesia and the Pacific.
Over 50% of the world's coral reefs may be destroyed by 2030; as a result, most nations protect them through environmental laws.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Last year, scientists published evidence that the conditions leading up to “stuck jet streams” are becoming more common, with warming in the Arctic seen as a likely culprit.
Various mechanisms have been identified that might explain extreme weather in mid-latitudes from the rapidly warming Arctic, such as the jet stream becoming more erratic.
SUPPORTS
roughly three-quarters of the tidal flood days now occurring in towns along the East Coast would not be happening in the absence of the rise in the sea level caused by human emissions.
Over the 21st century, the IPCC projects that in a very high emissions scenario the sea level could rise by 61–110 cm.
SUPPORTS
[climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.
Extreme rain events, including those accompanying Tropical Cyclones, are intensifying as the world warms. However, a dedicated study would be needed to quantify how much more rain Hurricane Harvey generated due to climate change.
SUPPORTS
As the temperature has increased, so has the ability of scientists to determine whether specific events are linked to climate change.
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent global warming and related climate changes on Earth.
SUPPORTS
unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed.
Furthermore, 2014 was Australia's third warmest year since national temperature observations commenced in 1910.
NOT_ENOUGH_INFO