claim
stringlengths 26
406
| evidence
stringlengths 13
1.98k
| evidence_label
stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|
“Amazon near tipping point of switching from rainforest to savannah” | Some Amazon forests occur in climates that can also support savannas, and this natural phenomenon is not recent. The stability of rainforests can be influenced, in part, by the ability of trees to regulate rainfall on a regional scale. If disturbed on a large scale, then, some rainforests might regrow as savannas. Severe climate change may result in some regions in the Amazon becoming increasingly unsuitable for rainforests, while other regions are predicted to become more suitable. | REFUTES |
Despite attention on global warming, "fewer Americans carpool today to work than carpooled in 1980" and "SUVs have never been a larger proportion of the vehicles being sold in this country." | "SUVs Become the Largest and Fastest-Growing Automotive Segment in 2015". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The official observed temperatures are coming consistently below the scary global warming numbers; Melting polar ice triggers ice age | Ben Davidson quoted numerous studies to support his claim. However, he misrepresented these sources the analyses did not conclude that models are inaccurate, nor that an ice age would be coming. | REFUTES |
If the same eruptions had happened near the more recent end of the dataset, they could have pushed the overall trend into negative numbers, or a long-term cooling,’ Christy said.” | They used computer simulations of future climate to show that it was "possible, and indeed likely, to have a period as long as a decade or two of 'cooling' or no warming superimposed on a longer-term warming trend." | SUPPORTS |
"Many people think the science of climate change is settled. | Regrettably, this creates the impression that scientific opinion is evenly divided or completely unsettled" Begley 2007: "polls found that 64 percent of Americans thought there was 'a lot' of scientific disagreement on climate change; only one third thought planetary warming was "mainly caused by things people do." | REFUTES |
The Alaskan tundra is warming so quickly it has become a net emitter of carbon dioxide ahead of schedule, a new study finds | The current Arctic warming is leading to ancient carbon being released from thawing permafrost, leading to methane and carbon dioxide production by micro-organisms. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
after a natural orbitally driven warming, atmospheric carbon dioxide content increases 800 years later | The current warming period is expected to last another 50,000 years due to a minimum in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
This increase is the result of humans emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more being absorbed into the oceans. | As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, the increased uptake of carbon dioxide into the oceans is causing a measurable decrease in the pH of the oceans, which is referred to as ocean acidification. | SUPPORTS |
Like countless other organisms, we move and adapt when the environment changes. | Efforts have been increasingly focused on the mitigation of greenhouse gases that are causing climatic changes, on developing adaptative strategies to global warming, to assist humans, other animal, and plant species, ecosystems, regions and nations in adjusting to the effects of global warming. | SUPPORTS |
The authors seem to have jumped right into statistical analysis without proposing a physical mechanism that works. | Many physical chemists specialize in exploring and proposing the mechanisms of various chemical reactions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Climate economics research shows that in reality, we are harming the economy by failing to implement CO2 limits. | The importance of change is illustrated by the fact that world economic energy efficiency is improving at only half the rate of world economic growth. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
there has been no systematic increase in the frequency of extreme weather events, | Even small changes in temperatures can lead to increased frequency of extreme weather conditions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Yet clouds reflect about seventy-five watts per square meter. | Other sources indicate an "Average over the entire earth" of "164 Watts per square meter over a 24 hour day". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ | The last continental glaciation ended 10,000 years ago. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Volcanoes Melting West Antarctic Glaciers, Not Global Warming | The estimated geothermal heat flow occurring beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is not enough to cause the modern ice loss trend. Instead, geothermal heat merely helps explain why and how changes in climate and ocean circulation are causing the ice sheet to melt. | REFUTES |
For example, geothermal energy is available at all times, concentrated solar thermal energy has storage capability, and wind energy can be stored in compressed air. | CSP with thermal storage systems are also available using Brayton cycle with air instead of steam for generating electricity and/or steam round the clock. | SUPPORTS |
The public understand it, in that if you get a fall evening or spring evening and the sky is clear the heat will escape and the temperature will drop and you get frost. | when it gets cold, Mars has precipitation which most likely takes the form of frost, rather than rain or snow. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected" | It is most prevalent in and along low pressure zones of surface tropospheric convergence which encircle the Earth close to the equator and near the 50th parallels of latitude in the northern and southern hemispheres. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Sea level rise could reach six or seven feet by the year 2100. | In high emission scenario, it will be 34 cm by 2050 and 111 cm by 2100. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The sea level was 20 to 30 feet higher than it is today, implying that the ice sheets in both Greenland and Antarctica must have partly disintegrated, a warning of what could occur in the relatively near future if the heating of the planet continues unchecked.” | Runaway climate change of 4–5 °C can make swathes of the planet around the equator uninhabitable, with sea levels up to 60 metres (197 ft) higher than they are today. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
“The most famous of these studies, published in 2010 by Paul Kench and Arthur Webb of the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission in Fiji, showed that of 27 Pacific islands, 14% lost area. | Paul Kench at the University of Auckland in New Zealand and Arthur Webb at the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission in Fiji released a study in 2010 on the dynamic response of reef islands to sea level rise in the central Pacific. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics. | Solar irradiance has been measured directly by satellites, and indirect measurements are available beginning in the early 1600s. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
It appears, for the entire tropics, the observed outgoing radiation fluxes increase with the increase in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). | In tropical and subtropical areas, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) rose 0.2 °C (0.36 °F) within a 50-year period, and in the North Atlantic and Northwestern Pacific tropical cyclone basins, the potential destructiveness and energy of storms nearly doubled within the same duration, evidencing a clear correlation between global warming and tropical cyclone intensities. | SUPPORTS |
"Three Australasian researchers have shown that natural forces are the dominant influence on climate, in a study just published in the highly-regarded Journal of Geophysical Research. | As noted, clear and compelling scientific evidence supports the case for a pronounced human influence on global climate. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
There seems to be evidence for a link between solar activity and water levels. | Eight times as much deuterium was inferred at the polar deposits of Mars than exists on Earth (VSMOW), suggesting that ancient Mars had significantly higher levels of water. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Humans are small but powerful, and human CO2 emissions are causing global warming. | CO2 emissions are continuing to rise due to the burning of fossil fuels and land-use change. | SUPPORTS |
Yet clouds reflect about seventy-five watts per square meter. | If the extraterrestrial solar radiation is 1367 watts per square meter (the value when the Earth–Sun distance is 1 astronomical unit), then the direct sunlight at Earth's surface when the Sun is at the zenith is about 1050 W/m2, but the total amount (direct and indirect from the atmosphere) hitting the ground is around 1120 W/m2. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
In a study last year, Robert M. DeConto of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and David Pollard of Pennsylvania State University used their computer model to predict what would happen if emissions were reduced sharply over the next few decades, in line with international climate goals. | He and colleagues at the Political Economy Research Institute have developed a plan for national recovery that shows, for example, that investing in clean energy (wind power, solar, and biofuels) will create about three times as many good-paying jobs than conventional projects will, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on foreign oil. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The claim that 97 percent of scientists believe humans are causing climate change has been debunked by the "head" of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. | The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations that is dedicated to providing the world with objective, scientific information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the risk of human-induced climate change, its natural, political, and economic impacts and risks, and possible response options. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
It fails to explain how we can have short-term positive feedback and long-term negative feedback. | This provided immediate feedback and acted as positive reinforcement for a soldier's behavior. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Human activities (mainly greenhouse-gas emissions) are the dominant cause of the rapid warming since the middle 1900s (IPCC, 2013). | In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. | SUPPORTS |
There have long been claims that some unspecificed "they" has "changed the name from 'global warming' to 'climate change'". | The term "climate change" is often used to refer specifically to anthropogenic climate change (also known as global warming). | SUPPORTS |
Climate economics research shows that in reality, we are harming the economy by failing to implement CO2 limits. | In theory, a polluter's decisions should lead to an economically efficient allocation of reductions among polluters, and lower compliance costs for individual firms and for the economy overall, compared to command-and-control mechanisms. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
President Hilda Heine has told reporters that longtime residents are leaving the Marshall Islands because climate change is threatening the nation’s existence.” | "Hilda Heine elected first female Pacific leader as president of Marshall Islands". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Correspondingly, the global surface temperature has also dropped." | At the photosphere, the temperature has dropped to 5,700 K and the density to only 0.2 g/m3 (about 1/6,000 the density of air at sea level). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’” | The Huronian ice age was caused by the elimination of atmospheric methane, a greenhouse gas, during the Great Oxygenation Event. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods | The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimated total damage at $125 billion, with a 90% confidence interval of $90–160 billion. | SUPPORTS |
“While record low sea ice is nothing new in the Arctic, this is a surprising turn of events for the Antarctic. | The extent of sea ice around Antarctica (in terms of square kilometers of coverage) has remained roughly constant in recent decades, although the amount of variation it has experienced in its thickness is unclear. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
When stomata-derived CO2 (red) is compared to ice core-derived CO2 (blue), the stomata generally show much more variability in the atmospheric CO2 level and often show levels much higher than the ice cores. | Relevant to this dispute is the observation that Greenland ice cores often report higher and more variable CO 2 values than similar measurements in Antarctica. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
When you account for the effects which are not reflected in the market price of fossil fuels, like air pollution and health impacts, the true cost of coal and other fossil fuels is higher than the cost of most renewable energy technologies. | The health impact of transport emissions is also of concern. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
[South Australia] has the most expensive electricity in the world. | At the time of construction in late 2017, it was billed as the largest lithium-ion battery in the world. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Multiple lines of evidence make it very clear that the rise in atmospheric CO2 is due to human emissions. | CO2 emissions are continuing to rise due to the burning of fossil fuels and land-use change. | SUPPORTS |
The United States has been restricting soot emissions in Draconian fashion since the Clean Air Act of 1963. | The Clean Air Act of 1963 was the first federal legislation regarding air pollution control. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Scientists have determined that the factors which caused the Little Ice Age cooling are not currently causing global warming. | Historical patterns of warming and cooling, like the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, were not as synchronous as current warming, but may have reached temperatures as high as those of the late-20th century in a limited set of regions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
the models predicted seven times as much warming as has been observed | They found that the observed warming was similar to two of the three scenarios. | REFUTES |
The Independent Climate Change Email Review investigated the CRU scientists' actions relating to peer review. | The review would also scrutinise the CRU's policies and practices for "acquiring, assembling, subjecting to peer review, and disseminating data and research findings" and "their compliance or otherwise with best scientific practice". | SUPPORTS |
CO2 increase is natural, not human-caused | Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, and nitrous oxide. | REFUTES |
The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs and conspiracy theories that are contradicted by empirical observational data. | Both natural and social sciences are empirical sciences as their knowledge are based on empirical observations and are capable of being tested for its validity by other researchers working under the same conditions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
We're coming out of the Little Ice Age | The first game based on the series, Adventure Time: Hey Ice King! | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
the warming is not nearly as great as the climate change computer models have predicted. | This claim is used to support an argument that climate models failed to forecast global surface temperature warming, but cherry-picks a period of time too short to provide a meaningful comparison. | REFUTES |
I think about all the 194 [countries] that signed onto the Paris accord, the U.S. is the one thats leading the world in reducing emissions | Its true that US emissions have declined in recent years, in part because of newer natural gas power plants replacing inefficient coal plants, which emit more CO2. However, the claim that the US would be “the one” country leading in reducing emissions fails to acknowledge that many other countries are reducing emissions faster than the US, starting from a per capita emission level that is already well below the United States and have policies in place to further cut emissions. | REFUTES |
Greenland has only lost a tiny fraction of its ice mass | "Greenland Glaciers Losing Ice Much Faster, Study Says". | REFUTES |
Global warming is increasing the magnitude and frequency of droughts and floods. | The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts. | SUPPORTS |
And some plants – like algae which use carbon for photosynthesis – may even benefit. | Plants, algae and cyanobacteria are the major groups of organisms that carry out photosynthesis, a process that uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars that can be used both as a source of chemical energy and of organic molecules that are used in the structural components of cells. | SUPPORTS |
In fact, the global melt rate has been accelerating since the mid-1970s. | This acceleration is due mostly to human-caused global warming, which is driving thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
It has never been shown that human emissions of carbon dioxide drive global warming. | Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Arctic icemelt is a natural cycle. | The Arctic ice pack undergoes a regular seasonal cycle in which ice melts in spring and summer, reaches a minimum around mid-September, then increases during fall and winter. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
"There is no actual evidence that carbon dioxide emissions are causing global warming. | CO2 emissions are continuing to rise due to the burning of fossil fuels and land-use change. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’ | Changes in ocean chemistry can have extensive direct and indirect effects on organisms and their habitats. | SUPPORTS |
[…] Constant 24-7 media coverage of every significant storm worldwide just makes it seem that way.” | This attracted considerable media coverage at the time. | SUPPORTS |
Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.” | Warnings about the future of the polar bear are often contrasted with the fact that worldwide population estimates have increased over the past 50 years and are relatively stable today. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
In the early 2000s, ice shelves began disintegrating in several parts of Antarctica, and scientists realized that process could greatly accelerate the demise of the vastly larger ice sheets themselves. | In a 35-day period beginning on January 31, 2002, about 3,250 km2 (1,250 sq mi) of shelf area disintegrated. | SUPPORTS |
When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower. | Measured atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are currently 100 ppm higher than pre-industrial levels. | REFUTES |
Scientists say halting deforestation ‘just as urgent’ as reducing emissions | In 2008, climate scientist Kevin Anderson raised concern about the growing effect of rapidly increasing global air transport on the climate in a paper, and a presentation, suggesting that reversing this trend is necessary to reduce emissions. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down, which would cause the temperature to go up. | The furnaces were constructed on the path of the monsoon winds to exploit the wind power, to bring the temperatures inside up to 1,200 °C (2,190 °F). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
It “certainly puts the kibosh on everyone saying that Antarctica’s ice is just going up and up,” Meier said. | "Study concludes Antarctica is gaining ice, rather than losing it". | REFUTES |
We're coming out of the Little Ice Age | Hip hop's "golden age" (or "golden era") is a name given to a period in mainstream hip hop, produced between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s, which is characterized by its diversity, quality, innovation and influence. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
“Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years. | Edward later fell out with the king over the proposal that the Roman Catholic James II should succeed to the throne on Charles's death, and after the discovery of the Rye House Plot in 1683 the castle was searched by royal officials looking for stocks of weapons that might be used in a possible revolt. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Given that a doubling of carbon dioxide would change the surface heat flux by only two watts per square meter, it is evident that a small change in cloud cover can strongly affect the response to carbon dioxide." | CO 2 absorbs and emits infrared radiation at wavelengths of 4.26 µm (asymmetric stretching vibrational mode) and 14.99 µm (bending vibrational mode) and consequently is a greenhouse gas that plays a significant role in influencing Earth's surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
A recent study in Nature Geoscience, for instance, called into question whether the Arctic’s melting, and in particular its sea ice loss, has been causing winter cooling over Eurasia, another idea that has been swept up in the debate over the jet stream and weather extremes.” | Studies published in 2017 and 2018 identified stalling patterns of rossby waves, in the northern hemisphere jet stream, to have caused almost stationary extreme weather events, such as the 2018 European heatwave, the 2003 European heat wave, 2010 Russian heat wave, 2010 Pakistan floods - these events have been linked to global warming, the rapid heating of the Arctic. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
94 percent of the carbon emissions which you so want to get rid of are caused by nature. | The vast majority of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels, principally coal, oil, and natural gas, with additional contributions coming from deforestation, changes in land use, soil erosion and agriculture (including livestock). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Ocean and surface temperature measurements find the planet continues to accumulate heat. | Throughout this period ocean heat storage continued to progress steadily upwards, and in subsequent years surface temperatures have spiked upwards. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The Millennium Drought starting in 1997 and ending in 2010 was misinterpreted as a long term trend as a consequence of Climate Change. | Climate change occurs when changes in Earth's climate system result in new weather patterns that remain in place for an extended period of time. | SUPPORTS |
(Kerr 2007) points out that the sunlight-reflecting haze that cools much of the planet seems to have thinned over the past decade or so. | Pale Blue Dot is a photograph of planet Earth taken on February 14, 1990, by the Voyager 1 space probe from a record distance of about 6 billion kilometers (3.7 billion miles, 40.5 AU), as part of that day's Family Portrait series of images of the Solar System. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Best available data show sea-level rise is not accelerating. Local and regional sea levels continue to exhibit typical natural variability—in some places rising and in others falling. | The observed rate of global sea level rise has increased in comparison to preceding decades or centuries. | REFUTES |
The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. | Also snowfall was unusually low, which led to unprecedented negative −65 km3 (−15.6 cu mi) Surface Mass Balance. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
"Global warming data apparently cooked by U.S. government-funded body shows astounding temperature fraud with increases averaging 10 to 15 degrees Fahrenheit. | "A projected increase of 4.05 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature is expected by 2065, and a projected increase of 9.37 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature can be expected by the turn of the century if nothing is done to curb emissions. | REFUTES |
In Albany, New York, the high temperature of 74 degrees on Thursday was the warmest temperature on record for any day during the months of December, January and February. | Temperatures are very warm to hot but are not excessive: the average maximum in February is usually around 29 °C (84 °F) and in July around 21 °C (70 °F). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
One of the main areas of contention is the existence of two strange climate episodes known as The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age. | The period was followed by a cooler period in the North Atlantic and elsewhere termed the Little Ice Age. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Dropped stations introduce warming bias | Greenhouse gases trap outgoing radiation warming the atmosphere which in turn warms the land. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
CO2 is increasing rapidly, and is reaching levels not seen on the earth for millions of years. | Human activities have caused CO 2 to increase above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years. | SUPPORTS |
Extreme weather isn't caused by global warming | Scientists attribute extreme weather to man-made climate change. | REFUTES |
In pushing too hard for the case that global warming is universally bad for everything, the administration’s report undermines the reasonable case for climate action. | Public concern over global warming and support for climate policy-making in the US is low relative to other nations (see Chapter 10, this volume), contributing to inaction by the US government. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues. | In most cases probes drift at a depth of 1000 metres (the so-called parking depth) and, every 10 days, by changing their buoyancy, dive to a depth of 2000 metres and then move to the sea-surface, measuring conductivity and temperature profiles as well as pressure. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
A South African paper has found a 21 year cycle synchronous with the solar cycle (Alexander 2007). | The Milankovitch cycles are a set of cyclic variations in characteristics of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995. | "Reduction in surface climate change achieved by the 1987 Montreal Protocol". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Everybody knows that the Pacific island of Tuvalu is sinking. ... | "Coral islands defy sea-level rise over the past century: Records from a central Pacific atoll". | SUPPORTS |
Polar bears are in danger of extinction as well as many other species. | Overall, it is expected that climate change will result in the extinction of many species and reduced diversity of ecosystems. | SUPPORTS |
"We found [U.S. weather] stations located next to the exhaust fans of air conditioning units, surrounded by asphalt parking lots and roads, on blistering-hot rooftops, and near sidewalks and buildings that absorb and radiate heat. | These early towers were positioned either on the rooftops of buildings or as free-standing structures, supplied with air by fans or relying on natural airflow. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Gone are the days when scientists drew a bright line dividing weather and climate. | Aside from climatic changes that have caused the gradual drift of populations (for example the desertification of the Middle East, and the formation of land bridges during glacial periods), extreme weather events have caused smaller scale population movements and intruded directly in historical events. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age. | An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Plants need almost three times today’s carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere to thrive. | A dry atmosphere is composed of 78.084% nitrogen, 20.946% oxygen, 0.934% argon, and trace amounts of carbon dioxide and other gaseous molecules. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
world temperatures, because they have gone up only very slowly, less than half as fast as the scientific consensus predicted in 1990 | Since the start of the 20th century, the global mean surface temperature of the Earth has increased by more than 0.7°C and the rate of warming has been largest in the last 30 years. | REFUTES |
When CO2 was higher in the past, the sun was cooler. | Glacials are characterized by cooler and drier climates over most of the earth and large land and sea ice masses extending outward from the poles. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The Greenland ice sheet is at least 400,000 years old and warming was not global when Europeans settled in Greeland 1,000 years ago | The Pre-Columbian era ended in 1492, with the beginning of the transatlantic migrations—the arrival of European settlers during the Age of Discovery and the Early Modern period. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
"In fact global warming has stopped and a cooling is beginning. | According to basic physical principles, the greenhouse effect produces warming of the lower atmosphere (the troposphere), but cooling of the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
So it’s been a surprise to climate scientists that 2017 has been so remarkably warm — because the last El Niño ended a year ago. | La Niña (/lɑːˈniːnjə/, Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈniɲa]) is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that is the colder counterpart of El Niño, as part of the broader El Niño–Southern Oscillation climate pattern. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air. | As most of renewable energy technologies provide electricity, renewable energy deployment is often applied in conjunction with further electrification, which has several benefits: electricity can be converted to heat (where necessary generating higher temperatures than fossil fuels), can be converted into mechanical energy with high efficiency, and is clean at the point of consumption. | SUPPORTS |
unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed | According to the Bureau of Meteorology's 2011 Australian Climate Statement, Australia had lower than average temperatures in 2011 as a consequence of a La Niña weather pattern; however, "the country's 10-year average continues to demonstrate the rising trend in temperatures, with 2002–2011 likely to rank in the top two warmest 10-year periods on record for Australia, at 0.52 °C (0.94 °F) above the long-term average". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
CFCs contribute to global waerming at a small level. | However, the hydrochlorofluorocarbons, or HCFCs, and hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, are now thought to contribute to anthropogenic global warming. | REFUTES |