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Get access to two mastery projects: This mastery project introduces the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals while exercising fundamentals of geography and social studies. In this project, you will review basic Algebraic concepts contextualized by a resource essential to all life on Earth: water. Integration Without Intimidation Our Mastery Projects are five-to-eight lesson micro-courses. Teacher guides and resources are included to support seamless integration of project-based learning and enhance single-subject classes with globally relevant, thematic learning journeys. Students and teachers use our Mastery Projects to supplement traditional curriculum, and to infuse their learning environment with contextualized, applicable, and experiential calls to action. Mastery Projects are invitations for students to engage with the world at the same level as teachers: as global citizens. Each Mastery Project includes five to eight lessons, a teacher’s guide, worksheets, rubrics and an example of excellence. The lessons in each Mastery Project are aligned with standards, such as Common Core State Standards Initiative and Next Generation Science Standards, as well as competency frameworks, like Partnership for 21st Learning, ACT College and Career Readiness, and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Mastery Projects engage students through inquiry and project-based learning, with an emphasis on global citizenship. Our learning model scaffolds each project with an internal investigation, external investigation, and an action project. Students learn core concepts, vocabulary, and formulas necessary to understand and explore thematic content Students explore real-world applications through field experiences and connections that bridge classroom and the world Students demonstrate mastery by applying what they’ve learned in the internal investigation and external investigation to scenario-based projects that combine hard and soft skills At a Glance All Mastery Projects include a license to the digital textbook along with: 5-8 90-minute lessons Example of Excellence

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This post may contain affiliate links. If you are looking for a fun way to integrate math and art, these Symmetrical Pattern Coloring Cards are a great way to start! Symmetrical Pattern Coloring & Matching Cards This week is all about Math Art on my site as we head into the week when my book Math Art and Drawing Games for Kids launches! I have a series running this week called Amazing Math Art Projects for Kids, be sure to check it out and follow along all week long! Symmetrical Pattern Coloring Cards This printable math art set has 2 parts to it. There is a set of pattern coloring cards with half of the image blank for kids to match up and color in. There are ten different patterns to color. I include them in both color and in black and white. These help kids to learn about symmetry by helping them create the identical pattern on the blank side. The second part of this set has the patterns completed but there is a line where you can cut them in half to make them into matching puzzles. These are great to use for kids who are maybe a little younger, or new to learning about symmetry. Why Teach Symmetry? Symmetry is a part of geometry. When kids are learning about geometrical shapes, they will need to understand symmetry. There is also symmetry in every part of the world around us. We may not recognize it often since it is so familiar to us. Learning and understanding symmetry helps kids to make connections to real life in their math lesson. There are so many ways that symmetry is used in life and in various careers! Mathematicians, artists, designers, engineers, and even musicians and dancers! My kids had a blast doing these! My youngest is 5 and they were a little harder for her. She did much better with the puzzles. That was the perfect level for her. They were perfect for my 8-year-old son who is in 3rd grade. How to Print the Symmetrical Pattern Coloring Cards You can find these in my shop here: See More Math Art Projects in my book Math Art and Drawing Games for Kids. Also check out my Symmetrical Snowflake Drawings!

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This lesson is the final lesson in our Hunting for Snow Research Projects. The previous lessons had students working on Internet research to find places that get more snow than we do and then to find images to represent what that snow would look like. Those images along with a map were used to create posters. You can find those lessons here and here. Today is the day to present those posters. To begin the lesson, all students know that today is the day. They enter with their projects ready to share their learning with the rest of us. I begin with a volunteer to present and then let each presenter choose the next. After each person presents, I let two students ask questions and allow the presenter to answer. I collect each poster and use the rubric to assess. This grade will serve as a summative assessment for the research standard. After everyone has presented and handed in their projects, and all the questions have been asked and answered, I give my students an exit ticket asking them about research and why I had them complete this assignment. After they complete their exit ticket, I collect and send them on their way with the weight lifted off their shoulders!!

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This class explores how to design and make physical landscapes that are both rationally constructed and expressively convincing. This search is focused through the lens of structural understanding. This lens clarifies how a working knowledge of structural principles guides the tectonic development of made landscapes from the overall material configuration of, for example, footbridges, pavilions or walled enclosures, to the evolution of specific detail and jointing vocabularies for these and other site elements. – Understanding structural principles using a visual, non-mathematical format. – Designing and applying structural principles to physical making using the categories of: to span, to frame and to enclose. – Exploring the rhetoric of detail and material making. – Exploring the role of techniques that cause specified changes in the characteristics and shape of materials. – Exploring the future of the craft of joining in a digital design, fabrication, and construction/assembly future. Course Objectives & Outcomes – Understand how to structurally shape and detail material landscape forms. – Be able to explore the structural, material, and constructional aspects of landscape expression. – Be able to engage in a productive dialogue about landscape making with other design professionals. – Lectures explaining structural/detail principles accompanied by in class workshops applying these principles. – Case studies of landscape structures presented and critically discussed in class. Method of Evaluation – In-class participation in discussions – A graphic case study of an existing landscape structure – The design of a landscape element – a part of a current or previous studio or professional project There are no prerequisites for this class. Students of all GSD disciplines who are interested in the physical design of landscapes are welcome. MLA 1 and MLA 1AP students can take this class concurrently with GSD 6242.

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Inspired by the beauty and flying ability of birds, Leonardo da Vinci strived centuries ago to create a human-powered flapping-wing flying machine. But his designs, which da Vinci explored in his Codex on the Flight of Birds, were never developed in any practical way. Even today, mimicking bird flight still presents challenges due to the physiological complexity of a bird’s flapping wings. Lena Johnson (’14, M.S. ’16), who is pursuing her Ph.D. in mechanical engineering, is working on the current iteration of the aerodynamic robotic bird, known as Robo Raven V. The doctoral student believes Robo Raven gives her a platform to make the impossible possible by designing a UAV with greater controllability and likelihood of sustained wing-powered flight than other similar vehicles. Johnson hopes that this version’s expanded maneuverability, developed takeoff capability, and added propellers for thrust production will aid the UAV in areas she’s researching, such as ecological monitoring and disaster response. Johnson also wants to share her work on Robo Raven in local schools and libraries in hopes of inspiring other young students that they, too, can make the impossible possible through engineering. “There are so many kids in disadvantaged communities who have never even dreamed of becoming an engineer. It takes just one role model or exposure through an after-school robotics program to turn on that light of possibility,” says Johnson. Robo Raven was pioneered in 2008 by Clark School Professors S.K. Gupta and Hugh Bruck. Gupta and Bruck wanted to develop a robotic bird that was quick and multifaceted for many applications, both civilian and military.

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A flock (shoal) is a temporary grouping of fish that exhibits unity of behavior... Abdominal pores (latin: pori abdominales) are small paired openings lying usuall.. The pelvic fins are located behind the pectoral fins (herring, carp, salmon).Abdominal fishes, those.. Abiotic – referring to non‐living structures, substances, factors, environments, etc... Abiotic environmental factors are a complex of physical and chemical environmental conditions of org.. Absolute abundance – the total number of a kind of fish in the population.Usually estimated fr.. Absolute conversion rate of food = an index calculated by dividing the quantity of food distributed .. Absolute fecundity – total number of eggs in a female... Abyssal fish are deep-sea fishes that live at considerable depths, from 3,000 metres and more. All f.. The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone (from the Greek ἄβυσσος - .. Abyssocottinae is a family of fish of the order Scorpaeniformes. Endemics of Lak.. Abyssopelagic is a layer of water located above the ocean bed at depths of 3000-6000 m (abyssal)... Achelata are members of the Decapoda order of crayfish (Decapoda). The body leng.. Actinopterygii is a superclass of bony fishes. It unites more than 96% of living.. Adaptation - the process (or its results, e.g. a structure) wherein individuals, populations or spec.. Showing 1 to 15 of 755 (51 Pages)

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What is a colostomy? A colostomy is usually the result of an operation to remove disease such as cancer, Crohn's disease or diverticulitis. It can also result from a bowel obstruction or injury to the digestive or urinary system. In a colostomy operation, part of your colon is brought to the surface of your abdomen to form the stoma. A colostomy is usually created on the left-hand side of your abdomen. Stools in this part of the intestine are solid and, because a stoma has no muscle to control defecation, will need to be collected using a stoma pouch. Find out more about colostomy surgery and how it can affect your daily life.

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Scientist of the Day - William Edward Parry William Edward Parry, a British naval officer, was born Dec. 19, 1790. Parry was one of the most successful of the seekers for a Northwest Passage in the decades between 1818 and 1859. Granted, he never made it through--no one did until 1905--but he made it halfway across on his first try in 1819, and his other three efforts, between 1821 and 1827, each saw significant achievements, even if they fell short of finding the Passage. The second voyage of 1821-23 is a good example. Parry and his two ships, Hecla and Fury, were frozen in north of Hudson Bay for two years and never made it any further west. But rather than twiddling their collective thumbs in enforced idleness, Parry and his men befriended the local Inuit, whom they called Esquimaux, and made a study of their way of life, and couldn't help noticing how well the Inuit survived in an environment that the British found supremely inhospitable. Parry's Narrative (1824) is enlivened not only with his observations of the natives, but with abundant illustrations showing how the Inuit fished, hunted, and played, as the images above demonstrate. In our 2008 exhibition, Ice: A Victorian Romance, we displayed all four of Parry’s narratives, where you can see images from his other expeditions, voyage 1 (1819-20), voyage 3 (1824-25), and voyage 4 (1827). There is a portrait of the dashing young Parry, made about the time of his first voyage, in the National Portrait Gallery in London (last image above): Dr. William B. Ashworth, Jr., Consultant for the History of Science, Linda Hall Library and Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Missouri-Kansas City

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In müllerian mimicry, equally defended species share a colouration pattern to warn off predators. Because velvet ants, which are actually wingless wasps, can inflict a very painful sting, they are a great system to study this natural phenomenon. This study will help expand our breadth of knowledge on the occurrence of mimicry complexes in nature and will provide insights on the evolution of mimicry in these charismatic insects. In this mimicry game, as a human, we want you to take on the role of a predator, such as a bird predator ready to eat some insects. From the perspective of a predator what challenges as a predator would you face in deciding whether or not to feed on an insect? Some very interesting discoveries have been made by studying mimicry and we hope you’ll enjoy this activity to help scientists discover more about mimicry in insects. A Special SciStarter Invitation Create your free Science Near Me account to find local science festivals, events, talks and more!

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Astroviruses are associated with acute gastroenteritis of human and many animal species. Recently, two studies have reported that novel astroviruses were found in bats. In order to extensively understand the genetic and phylogenetic characterization of bat astroviruses, we tested fecal samples of nine bat species that were collected at four natural habitats in three areas of southern China. The geographic distributions of the bats involved differed from previous reports. Three out of nine species of bats were observed to harbor astroviruses. These included Miniopterus schreibersii, Scotophilus kuhlii, and Rousettus leschenaultia. Phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequences of partial ORFs of astroviruses revealed that the bat astroviruses are not only divergent from previously described human and other animal astroviruses but also show remarkable diversity among themselves. However, five bat astroviruses were phylogenetically related to mink astrovirus, ovine astrovirus, and the recently discovered human astroviruses VA1, VA2, and VA3. The results indicate that astroviruses may have adapted to the Chiroptera, and bats may transmit astroviruses to humans and other animals, or vice versa.

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In the first peer-reviewed scientific paper to be published about the Icelandic volcano since its eruption in April 2010, UK researchers write that the ash plume which hovered over Scotland carried a significant and self-renewing electric charge. The volcano-chasing researchers argue this adds a further dimension to understanding the detailed nature of volcanic plumes and their effects on air travel. The paper, to be published May 27 in IOP Publishing's Environmental Research Letters, is published as the UK continues to face the possibility of further flight disruption from future volcanic activity. Shortly after the volcano's active eruption phase began in mid-April, the Met Office contacted Joseph Ulanowski from the Science and Technology Research Institute at the University of Hertfordshire, who last year, together with Giles Harrison from the Department of Meteorology at the University of Reading, had developed a specialist weather balloon which could assess the location and composition of the volcanic ash clouds. Their balloons, originally designed and used to study the properties of desert dust clouds, are able to assess not only the size of atmospheric particles but also the electric charge present. Measurements made last year with the balloons in Kuwait and off the west coast of Africa showed clearly that desert dust could become strongly electrified aloft. Charging modifies particle behaviour, such as how effectively particles grow and are removed by rain. A hastily scrambled team travelled to a site near Stranraer in Scotland where a balloon was launched, detecting a layer of volcanic ash 4km aloft, about 600m thick, with very abrupt upper and lower edges. From their measurements, the researchers conclude that neither energy from the volcanic source -- more than 1200 kilometres away -- nor weather conditions could have been responsible for the position of the charge found by the balloon. The presence of charge deep inside the plume, rather than on its upper and lower edges, contradicts expectations from models assuming solely weather-induced charging of layer clouds. Giles Harrison said, "Detailed volcanic plume properties, such as the particle size, concentration and charge found by our weather balloon are important in predicting the impact on aircraft." Materials provided by Institute of Physics. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Cite This Page:

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Method in the Madness Surgery was mainly concerned with ailments on the surface of the body. Surgeons dealt with boils, rotten teeth, tumours, dislocations, fractures, amputations, cancerous limbs, kidney stones, cataracts, hare lips, burns, knife wounds, gunshot wounds and ulcers. They were also largely responsible for bloodletting. The operation was only one part of the treatment, surgeons also took on the aftercare of patients. With little means of prevention, pain was an accepted part of treatment. Surgical treatises of the time explained that excessive pain could result in shock and death and also put off potential customers. The success of an operation could depend on a patient’s ability to withstand pain. Alcohol and herbal remedies were often employed to limited effect. Ultimately, the surgeon relied on speed. Like physicians, surgeons considered some cases to be incurable and refused treatment. This was partly motivated by ethical concerns but a high death rate would not help in attracting new customers. Surgeons could also be sued should they prove unsuccessful. In 1605 a Pascall Lane was imprisoned and fined after an operation on a young girl resulted in her death. There were efforts to protect surgeons however. The Company of Barber Surgeons advised that where a condition was likely incurable, the case should be presented to a group of senior surgeons for examination. If the decision was made to proceed, the surgeon could not then be blamed should the operation result in fatality.

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Definition: The objectivity principle states that financial and accounting information needs to be independent and free from bias. This means that financial reporting like a company’s financial statements need to be based on evidence and not opinions. Obviously, in some areas professional accountants need to express their opinions, but the objectivity principles says that opinions can’t be the sole bases for an accounting treatment. What Does Objectivity Principle Mean? Accounting practices in the US are made up of rules, principles, and concepts. These standards are called GAAP or Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. There are a number of different principles that GAAP uses to help maintain a high level of reliance and verifiability in financial reporting. One of these principles is the objectivity principle. The purpose of the objectivity principle along with all of GAAP is to make financial statements more useful to investors and end users. The objectivity principle, specifically, aids to ensure that financial statements are reliable and verifiable. Reliability means that the financial information is consistent and trustworthy to investors and end users. Verifiability means that the financial information can be proven with evidence and the findings can be duplicated. Both reliability and verifiability give usefulness to the financial statements. In other words, GAAP is trying to make sure financial statements are based on facts and not opinions or biases. Accountants who have close ties with companies may not be able to work on their financial statements because the accountant might be bias. An accountant who owns stock in a company may want to company to do well. There is obviously a conflict of interest here. This is one of the things the objectivity principle aims to eliminate.

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When astronauts depart for missions to deep space, they will cross the Crew Access Arm about 300 feet above the ground to board their spacecraft. The access arm was delivered to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Oct. 17, 2017, to install on the mobile launcher in preparation for the first flight of the Space Launch System rocket, or SLS, and the Orion spacecraft. The SLS will be the largest rocket in the world and will be stacked with Orion inside the historic Vehicle Assembly Building, or VAB, on the mobile launcher and rolled out to the pad prior to launch. The access arm will be one of 11 connection points to the rocket and spacecraft from the tower on the mobile launcher. After technicians install the arm, the mobile launcher will be rolled into the VAB for validation and verification tests. For the first launch without crew, the access arm will provide a bridge to Orion for personnel and equipment entering the spacecraft during processing and prelaunch integrated testing while in the VAB and at the launch site. The arm is made up of two major components: the truss assembly and the environmental enclosure, or the white room. The arm will provide entry and emergency egress for astronauts and technicians into the Orion spacecraft. On future human missions, astronauts outfitted with newly designed space suits will enter the white room, where they will be assisted by technicians into the spacecraft for launch. The arm will retract before launch, and the other connections will release at liftoff, allowing the rocket and spacecraft to safely clear the launch pad.

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10 March 2013 Last updated at 07:20 ET Japan quake 'heard at edge of space' By Jonathan Amos Science correspondent, BBC News The great Tohoku earthquake in Japan two years ago was so big its effects were even felt at the edge of space. Scientists say the Magnitude 9.0 tremor on 11 March 2011 sent a ripple of sound through the atmosphere that was picked up by the Goce satellite. Its super-sensitive instrumentation was able to detect the disturbance as it passed through the thin wisps of air still present 255km above the Earth. The observation is reported in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. It has long been recognised that major quakes will generate very low-frequency acoustic waves, or infrasound - a type of deep rumble at frequencies below those discernible to the human ear. But no spacecraft in orbit has had the capability to record them, until now.

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Space & Astronomy Fast radio burst traced back to home galaxy By T.K. Randall June 28, 2019 · 8 comments Scientists are still unsure what is responsible for the bursts. Image Credit: NASA/ESA/ESO For the first time ever, astronomers have been able to trace a fast radio burst back to its galaxy of origin. Fast radio bursts, which last mere milliseconds yet generate as much energy as the Sun does in an entire day, have remained something of an enigma since their discovery back in 2007. Now scientists have, for the first time, succeeded in tracing one of these enigmatic bursts all the way back to its home galaxy a whopping 3.6 billion light years away. It took an array of 36 parabolic antennas - which together form the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope - to determine the direction of the burst and how far away it was. "These bursts are altered by the matter they encounter in space," said study co-author Jean-Pierre Macquart from the International Center for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR). "Now we can pinpoint where they come from, we can use them to measure the amount of matter in intergalactic space." The question remains however - what produced this particular burst ? As things stand, nobody is quite sure. "It comes from a massive galaxy that is forming relatively few stars," said astrophysicist Adam Deller. "This suggests that fast radio bursts can be produced in a variety of environments." Source: Live Science | Comments (8)

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Quantum well fires single electrons on demand May 30, 2007 Physicists in France have taken an important step forward in building a quantum computer from entangled electrons. They have shown that tiny regions of semiconductor known as quantum dots can be made to emit single electrons on the nanosecond timescales over which current electronic devices operate (Science 316 1172). Classical computers process information by performing operations on successive "bits", which can be either 0 or 1. Quantum computers, on the other hand, use the phenomenon of entanglement to operate on quantum bits, or "qubits", which can be both 0 and 1 at the same time. The ability to process many values simultaneously should in principle mean that quantum computers can vastly outperform their classical counterparts when performing certain tasks. New research by Christian Glattli and colleagues at the Ecole Normale Supérieure and other French institutions provides a step forward for one of the most promising ways of building a qubit – confining electrons to two dimensions in a semiconductor (a system known as a 2D electron-gas (2DEG)). Glattli and coworkers took a slab of the semiconductor gallium arsenide and doped it so as to make a quantum dot at one end of the slab and a large 2DEG at the other, with a tunnel barrier in between. By applying a rapidly alternating voltage across the quantum dot and then a static voltage across the tunnel barrier they were able to shift the energy levels of the electrons in the quantum dot such that the electrons could enter or exit the 2DEG. Quantum dots have been used as single-electron sources before, but the device made by the French group is the first to be able to emit and absorb electrons over intervals of just a few nanoseconds, which makes the device's speed comparable with present-day electronics. They did this by assuming that the quantum-dot and gate components are analogous to a resistor and capacitor in series, then used RC circuit principles to calculate the combined impedance of the quantum dot and gate, and therefore how frequently electrons would be emitted from the quantum dot given the voltage across the system. To actually make qubits, Glattli's team will need to demonstrate that two single-electron emitters can generate electrons coherently, and that the resulting entangled state can be maintained for longer than about a microsecond, according to solid-state physicist Stephen Giblin. About the author Jon Cartwright is a reporter for Physics Web

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Firstly determine the flow measurement application. For calculating the GPM using differential pressure in a pipe section, consider getting the physical data for the pipe. Once you obtained the data, you should determine the internet and external pressure. Internal pressure is the pressure inside the pipe while external pressure is the environment pressure. Any liquid through the pipes moves due to pressure differential and if you can determine that difference, it becomes very easy to find the flow rate using Bernoulli’s equation. Pressure differential can be determined through dividing the elevation by external pressure/ statistic head pressure. Subtract this value from the initial pressure value to find the pressure different over the length of the selected section of pipe. Now consider calculating the flow rate in gallons per minute by dividing the differential pressure by the static pressure. Use the D’Arcy Weisbach equation to obtain the tabular data for pressure variations inside the pipe. Calculating pressure differential through an orifice plate is also extremely easy. Determine the initial and final pressure before and after the orifice disk. When water or any other liquid moves through the orifice plate, the velocity increases considerably while the pressure drops significantly. Calculate the pressure differential using Bernoulli’s equation to calculate the actual flow through the head pipe. If you final answer is not converted in gallons per minute units, then you should use unit conversion equations to achieve this. It is recommended to use engineering books to become familiar with the equations and quantities used for flow rate calculations in pipe shaped objects. Remember to study as much as you can to help you understand how to apply these measurements and their overall significance.

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The latest research suggests that while you are asleep, your brain is busily processing the day's information. It combs through recently formed memories, stabilizing, copying, filing, and making them more useful for the next day. A night of sleep can make memories resistant to interference from other information and allow you to recall them more effectively. It also lets your brain sift through newly formed memories, possibly even identifying what is worth keeping and what to let go of. During sleep, your mind analyzes collections of memories, helping you discover hidden relations between seemingly random pieces of information, and helps you find the meaning in what you have learned. It's been discovered that you need a minimum of six hours of sleep to see an improvement in your performance over the 24 hours following a learning session. Memories are created by altering the strengths of connections among hundreds, thousands or perhaps even millions of neurons, making certain patterns of activity more likely to recur. These patterns of activity, when reactivated, lead to the recall of a memory whether that memory is where you left your car keys or something you're trying to memorize. These changes in synaptic strength are thought to arise from a molecular process known as long-term potentiation, which strengthens the connections between pairs of neurons that fire at the same time. Thus, cells that fire together wire together, locking the pattern in place for future recall. During sleep, your brain reactivates the patterns of neural activity that it performed during the day, thus strengthening your memories by long-term potentiation. As this unconscious rehearsing strengthens memory, something more complex is happening as well your brain may be selectively rehearsing the more difficult aspects of a task. It seems your brain needs time to process or rehearse new information, connecting the dots, so to speakand sleep provides the maximum benefit. As exciting new findings about sleep come in more and more rapidly, it becomes more and more clear that your brain is anything but inactive during sleep. It is now clear that sleep can consolidate memories by enhancing and stabilizing them, and by finding patterns within studied material even when you don't know that patterns might be there. It's also clear that skimping on sleep can interfere with crucial cognitive processes. Miss a night of sleep, and the day's memories might be compromised. Source: Scientific American August 7, 2008

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One look at the mammoth blue whale—one hundred feet long and as heavy as 40 elephants—leaves no doubt that only something as vast as an ocean could hold it. Yet whales, like other mammals, once lived on land, and weren’t always so big. Learn why these smart, social animals first took to water, and how they have adapted to aquatic life despite retaining the most basic need of land mammals: to exchange air through the lungs. The Comprehension Questions are available to download as an RTF file. You can save the file to your desktop and open it in a word processing program.

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Concepts of Reading and WritingMid-continent Research for Education and Learning (1998) describes the concepts of reading and writing that children learn to master in their literacy development: "Reading research of the last 20 years has shown that children must develop an understanding of concepts that underlie the act of reading and writing before they learn to read and write. For example, they must learn that written speech represents one's thoughts. Reading and writing are used for the purpose of communicating something meaningful, and there is a difference between 'book language' and everyday colloquial speech. A printed message is constant and is read the same way each time. A book contains print and pictures, but the print is the major source of information. Children have to learn the major conventions of reading and writing (reading from left to right and top to bottom, treating spaces as dividers between words, and pausing at the punctuation marks). These are just some of the underlying concepts that must be mastered as children learn to read and write."

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(also digastric muscle) Each of a pair of muscles which run under the jaw and act to open it. More example sentences - Training caused an increase in the activity of citrate synthase and superoxide dismutase in the digastric muscle, the sternohyoid muscle, and the costal diaphragm. - Accessory slips may join the muscle from the digastric, from the stylomandibular ligament, or the angle of the mandible. - The submandibular glands are located within a triangle bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the body of the mandible. late 17th century: from modern Latin digastricus, from di- 'twice' + Greek gastēr 'belly' (because the muscle has two fleshy parts or ‘bellies’ at an angle, connected by a tendon). Definition of digastric in: - The US English dictionary

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The simulations supported the CT-based anatomical results. "Relative to the other birds considered in the study, the terror bird was well-adapted to drive the beak in and pull back with that wickedly recurved tip of the beak," remarked Wroe, "but when shaking its head from side to side, its skull lights up like a Christmas tree." A key part of the analysis was determining how hard a bite Andalgalornis could deliver. To examine bite force in birds in general, Degrange and Tambussi worked with zookeepers at the La Plata Zoo to get a seriema and an eagle to chomp down on their bite meter. "We discovered that the bite force of Andalgalornis was a little lower than we expected, and weaker than the bite of many carnivorous mammals of about the same size," Degrange said. "Andalgalornis may have compensated for this weaker bite by using its powerful neck muscles to drive its strong skull into prey like an axe." The team's results give new insight into the lifestyle of a unique avian predator. Its skull, though strong vertically, was weak from side to side; its hollow beak was in danger of catastrophic fracture if Andalgalornis grappled too vigorously with large struggling prey. Instead, the study shows that the terror bird engaged in an elegant style more like that of Muhammad Ali--a repeated attack-and-retreat strategy with well-targeted, hatchet-like jabs. Once killed, the prey would have been ripped into bite-sized morsels by the powerful neck pulling the head straight back or, if possible, swallowed whole. Feeding on a diversity of now-extinct mammals and competing with the likes of saber-tooth marsupials, terror birds became top predators in their environment. At least one gigantic terror bird, Titanis, invaded No |Contact: Cheryl Dybas| National Science Foundation

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hornbill, common name for members of the family Bucerotidae, Old World birds of tropical and subtropical forests, named for their enormous down-curved bills surmounted by grotesque horny casques. From 2 to 5 ft (61–152.5 cm) in length, they are the largest of an order that also includes the kingfishers. Hornbills are black and dark brown with patches of white or cream on the body, wings, and tail. The bill is usually brownish, though in some species it is black, red, or yellow. Omnivorous, hornbills eat fruits, berries, insects, and small animals. They have loud, far-carrying voices and a variety of calls, including brays, toots, bellows, and cackles. They are noted for their unusual nesting habits; presumably as a defense against monkeys and snakes, the female is sealed into the nesting cavity by the male, who feeds her through a bill-sized aperture for a period of from 6 weeks to 3 months while she incubates the eggs. This practice, and the fact that hornbills mate for life, has made them the subject of superstition among native tribes, who use them (or representations of them) in religious rituals as symbols of purity and fidelity. The great hornbill, Buceros bicornis, ranges from India to Indochina and Sumatra. Hornbills are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Coraciiformes, family Bucerotidae. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. More on hornbill from Fact Monster: See more Encyclopedia articles on: Vertebrate Zoology

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Various factors account for the immense popularity of the drama: (1) the people wanted entertainment, and the drama was the only possible source of entertainment for them. The novels were few and could be enjoyed only by the lettered. (2) The drama was truly national, National themes were dramatized and national sentiments were expressed. It harmonized with the growing nationalism of the age. (3) It was an age of action as well as of thought and emotions. The whole man - his thoughts, feelings and actions - can be expressed only through the drama. It provides food for the mind as well as for the eyes. The people could get enough of energy action on the stage. (4) It was the best way for authors in need of money to fill their pockets. The drama satisfied the needs both of the audience and the playwrights. (5) The Elizabethan is drama was the fusion of various elements, popular, courtly and academic. It had enough of action, thrill and sensation, enough of clown age, supernaturalism, coarse and indecent jokes, music and spectacle, but it had also enough of refinement and courtly grace, resulting from a fusion of the popular tradition and the refined academic drama of the court. The fusion could takes place as the same plays were staged in the public theatres as well as at the court. The actors and playwright were often the same. So it appealed to the people of most varied atures. It was the character of the audience that decided the character of the Renaissance drama, and made it entirely national. It is entirely different from the drama of France, Italy or other Countries of Europe.

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HTML DOM writeln() MethodDocument Object Definition and Usage The writeln() method is identical to the write() method, with the addition of writing a newline character after each statement. |exp1,exp2,exp3,...||Optional. What to write to the output stream. Multiple arguments can be listed and they will be appended to the document in order of occurrence| The writeln() method is supported in all major browsers. Difference between write() and writeln(): <p>Note that write() does NOT add a new line after each statement:</p> document.write("Have a nice day!"); <p>Note that writeln() add a new line after each statement:</p> document.writeln("Have a nice day!"); Try it yourself » Thank You For Helping Us! Your message has been sent to W3Schools.

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The burning of fossil fuels in the energy and transportation sectors, combined with unwise land-use practices like deforestation, have led to increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations—most notably carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons. In turn, the increased concentration of these gases over the past 250 years has caused Earth’s average temperatures to rise dramatically, especially over the past few decades. Global climate change is a major concern because it poses serious risks to human health and it will continue to negatively affect terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, especially as temperatures are projected to rise through the 21st Century. Delaware is not immune to its effects. In fact, there are strong indications that climate change is occurring in Delaware and that it is affecting the state's natural resources. Delaware has a rich coastal environment that includes tidal flats, salt marshes, and beaches, all of which serve important ecological, recreational, and economic functions. These resources all are at substantial risk not only from continued climate change, but also from other problems such as pollution, overdevelopment, and wetlands loss, among other things. Click on the links below to learn more about the current and potential future climate change impacts in Delaware: Also, recognizing that continued climate change is a reality and a signficant problem that must be addressed at all levels of government, Delaware is pursuing a number of climate change initiatives and policies, including: The Delaware Estuary is one of the largest tidal estuaries in the world, but continued climate change could threaten its diverse wildlife and marine life, along with surrounding forest and wetlands habitat.

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6-8 Library Media and Technology Curriculum Transdisciplinary Strand 5: Literature Appreciation and Independent Learning 5: Students read widely and use a variety of digital media resources for personal growth, independent learning and enjoyment.1. Develop appreciation and self-motivation as a reader. Enduring Understanding: Reading is a foundation skill for learning, personal growth, and enjoyment. Essential Question: How can reading become a foundational skill for learning, personal growth, and enjoyment? • Participate in read-aloud, storytelling, and booktalking, silent and voluntary reading experiences. • Demonstrate active listening skills • Demonstrate self-motivation as a reader. • Identify award-winning books, their selection criteria and attributes • Read from a variety of genres of literature. • Demonstrate awareness of literature from various cultures and genres. • Recognize reading is a lifelong pursuit. • Incorporate critical and creative thinking skills to evaluate literary elements.2. Collaborate and share knowledge of information and literary sources. • Collaborate with others, both in person and through technologies, to share knowledge of literary sources, both print and non-print. • Share books by favorite authors and illustrators. 3. Determine and select materials appropriate to personal abilities and interests. • Understand and use the library as an information and pleasure reading source. • Select resources both within and outside the school for personal and informational purposes. • Develop and communicate personal criteria for selecting resources for information needs and enjoyment.

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Gamma-ray astronomers will use MAGIC MAGIC, the world's largest gamma-ray telescope, officially begins operation. October 12, 2003 La Palma, a member of the Canary Islands, is one of the great astronomical sites in the world. The island already hosts a number of important observatories, including the fully robotic Liverpool Telescope, the William Herschel Telescope, and the Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope. Now another significant heavyweight has joined this already impressive roster of observatories. With a mirror measuring nearly 56 feet (17 meters) and a total surface area reaching 2,583 square feet (240 square meters), the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cerenkov (MAGIC) telescope is the world's largest instrument dedicated to gamma-ray astronomy. MAGIC was formally introduced at an October 10 ceremony at the observatory. The scope is the result of an international partnership featuring many institutions, led by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics, the Department of Physics at the University of Pavoda, Italy, and the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Munich, Germany. Although the ceremony celebrated the scope's official commencement, MAGIC obtained first light in 2001. Unfortunately, completion of the facility was hampered by financial and construction issues. Researchers first detected stars on March 8 of this year and then observed gamma rays for the first time on May 29. Most gamma-ray observatories are launched into orbit because Earth's atmosphere absorbs gamma-ray photons. However, a ground-based gamma-ray telescope like MAGIC uses the atmosphere for its observations. When a gamma-ray photon interacts with the atmosphere, an electron and positron are created. These particles then accelerate, passing through the dense atmosphere faster than the speed of light does in that medium. This cascade of particles produces a flash of light known as Cerenkov radiation. (Although it may travel faster than the speed of light through, Cerenkov radiation still isn't as fast as the speed of light in a vacuum.) MAGIC replaces the High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy (HEGRA) experiment. Ceasing operations in 2001, HEGRA investigated cosmic rays with a collection of detectors.

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Tools for Basic Statistical Analysis - Thursday, 07 December 2006 Statistical Analysis Toolset is a collection of eight Microsoft Excel spreadsheet programs, each of which performs calculations pertaining to an aspect of statistical analysis. These programs present input and output data in user friendly, menu-driven formats, with automatic execution. The following types of calculations are performed: - Descriptive statistics are computed for a set of data x(i) (i = 1, 2, 3 . . . ) entered by the user. - “Normal Distribution Estimates” will calculate the statistical value that corresponds to cumulative probability values, given a sample mean and standard deviation of the normal distribution. - “Normal Distribution from two Data Points” will extend and generate a cumulative normal distribution for the user, given two data points and their associated probability values. - Two programs perform two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with no replication or generalized ANOVA for two factors with four levels and three repetitions. - “Linear Regression-ANOVA” will curve fit data to the linear equation y = f(x) and will do an ANOVA to check its significance. - Two multiple regression programs will do statistical analysis on test data that includes more than one predictor and will perform curve-fitting of the data to either the equation y = f(x1, x2) or y = f(x1, x2, x3, x4).

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by Sara Marcellino on April 01, 2003 Do you know where the creek closest to your house is? Do you know where its water ends up? We all live in a watershed, a land area from which water drains into a creek, river, lake, wetland, bay, or ground-water aquifer. However, many of us may not know which watershed we live in, nor understand how its natural and manmade drainage works. With the goal of increasing public awareness about Bay Area watersheds and creeks, the Oakland Museum of California has created an informative watershed finder on its website at www.museumca.org. You can currently locate watersheds in Alameda, Contra Costa, and parts of Santa Clara County; the ultimate goal is to encircle the Bay. The museum has also produced a series of printed creek maps of watersheds in Oakland and Berkeley, Hayward and San Leandro, and Fremont. To learn more or to purchase these maps, check out www.museumca.org/creeks or contact Christopher Richard at [email protected] or (510) 238-3884.

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(a) The word Echinodermata means 'spiny skin' which is aptly used for group of animals represented by such common forms as starfishes, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sea lilies. (b) The skin forms a hard spiny protective skeleton covering. (c) These are sluggish marine forms. (d) Forms usually show a pentamerous radial symmetry. (e) It is the only phylum in which adults are radially symmetrical while larval stages are bilaterally symmetrical. (f) They have a coelom (coelomata) and water vascular system on ambulacral system. (g) Locomotion takes place by means of numerous hollow tube feet. (h) Excretion by diffusion through the body. (i) Fertilization is open. (j) Development includes free swimming diploneural larva. Examples : Asterias(Starfish), sea urchin (Echinus) and sea cucumber(Cucumaria) and Antedon.

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The study shows that perceiving others in pain activates a part of the brain associated with empathy and emotion more if the observer and the observed are the same race. The findings may show that unconscious prejudices against outside groups exist at a basic level. The study confirms an in-group bias in empathic feelings, something that has long been known but never before confirmed by neuroimaging technology. Researchers have explored group bias since the 1950s. In some studies, even people with similar backgrounds arbitrarily assigned to different groups preferred members of their own group to those of others. This new study shows those feelings of bias are also reflected in brain activity. "Our findings have significant implications for understanding real-life social behaviors and social interactions," said Shihui Han, PhD, at Peking University in China, one of the study authors. Other recent brain imaging studies show that feeling empathy for others in pain stimulates a brain area called the anterior cingulate cortex. Building on these results, the study authors tested the theory that these empathic feelings increase for members of the same social group. In this case, the researchers chose race as the social group, although the same effect may occur with other groups. The researchers scanned brains areas in one Caucasian group and one Chinese group. The authors monitored participants as they viewed video clips that simulated either a painful needle prick or a non-painful cotton swab touch to a Caucasian or Chinese face. When painful simulations were applied to individuals of the same race as the observers, the empathic neural responses increased; however, responses increased to a lesser extent when participants viewed the faces of the other group. Martha Farah, PhD, at the University of Pennsylvania, a cognitive neuroscientist and neuroethicist who was not affiliated with the study, says learning how empathic responses influence our behavior in many different situations is interesting both practically and theoretically. "This is a fascinating study of a phenomenon with important social implications for everything from medical care to charitable giving," she said. But the finding raises as many questions as it answers, Farah said. "For example, is it racial identity per se that determines the brain's empathic response, or some more general measure of similarity between self and other?" she said. "What personal characteristics or life experiences influence the disparity in empathic response toward in-group and out-group members?"

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|MadSci Network: Engineering| Dear Emily, Your question is very open ended, so I don't know how much detail to provide or even if I can answer your question. I will assume that you want to know how a microwave "Oven" works. A microwave by itself is a form of electromagnetic energy that has a frequeny in the range of 300 megahertz to about 100 Gigahertz. This is not a fixed range and various people accepth different ranges. A microwave oven is one way to expose matter to microwave energy. The interaction of microwave energy with matter results in the conversion of this form of electromagnetic energy into heat. The heat is created when microwave energy interacts with molecular dipoles, twisting them and making them move back and forth. Dipoles exist in matter when a molecule is composed of different chemicals, such as carbon and oxygen, and there are chemical bonds that these atoms share. When one holds electrons more strongly than the other, the bond is polarized, having a more negative end and a more positive end. The microwave, being electromagnetic energy, is composed of electrical and magnetic fields. If the dipole is an electrical dipole, as most chemical dipoles are, the microwave electrical field in a microwave oven changes direction 5.9 billion times a second. Each field reversal tugs at the dipole a little bit, causing the dipole to twist and turn the molecule that it is attached to a little. That little tug and twist multiplied by about 6 billion each second results in a lot of heat. That is a little knowledge. If you need to know more, or you have a more specific question, you can write me directly at [email protected] Dr. Ed Peterson Try the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Engineering.

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The pictures I have chosen for this particular project is one that represents a negative view of African Americans and one that represents someone who is of the same race but has become a powerful man. During the civil war a large majority of African Americans were worked as slaves. They had no rights as American citizens. These slaves had 'owners'. Once the Civil War had began, it was made easier for slaves to stop working as they had become recognised citizens. The Civil War was an easy route for the slaves' freedom as they played a vital role in the war. The War however wasn't the end of the fight towards freedom. The slaves then had to engage in a violent revolution and they won their freedom and independence, establishing Haiti, the world’s first Black republic. Which then brings us forward to the present day. In 2008 Barack Obama becomes the first African American to be nominated as president. In 2009 Barack Obama is the very first African American to become president and the 44th President of the United States of America. The overall point being, African Americans were seen as a minority and then represented as a powerful leader.

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Emerald Robinson: Hi, I'm Emerald Robinson, and in this What Is video, we're going to answer the question. What is a storm? A storm is defined as any disturbance in a planet's atmosphere that brings about a change in weather. On Earth these changes may include higher gusting winds, rains, snow, fleet or hell. Specific types of storms include snow storms, wind storms, cyclones and thunder storms. Although there are many different types of storms, most form when an area of warm wet air and colder dry air collide, in a zone called Front. The warm air is forced to rise above the cold air causing an area of a low atmospheric pressure which acts sort of like a vacuum. Winds blow as more cold air rushes in to fill the vacuum. The upward movement of air also sometimes causes the clouds we associate with storms. Although what people call a storm varies widely. Scientists who study weather called meteorologist said a storm's minimum wind speed at 55miles per hour. Storms can last for as little as an hour or for well over a hundred hours depending on atmospheric conditions. Although they are sometimes dangerous to human, storms serves important purposes in nature. Precipitation from storms plays a crucial part in the water cycle. Winds create large waves on bodies of water and turn up lakes and rivers. These actions are beneficial form marine life, as they equalize the water temperature and help to push plankton and other organisms that live near the surface of the water down to the lower depths, where they can be consumed by predators. Storms are not exclusive to earth, astronomers have noted violent wind storms on planets like Mars and Saturn, Jupiter's well known great red spot is actually a huge storm that's been raging for at least a 183 years.

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What are ppm and ppb? PPM and PPB are units used in atmospheric chemistry to describe the concentration of gases. PPM stands for parts of gas per million parts of air, and PPB is parts per billion. If that's not easy to imagine, try these examples: Part per million (ppm): - 1 second in just under 2 weeks. - 1 litre of water in a swimming pool. Part per billion (ppb): - 1 second in 32 years. - 1 ml of water in a swimming pool (that's about the size of a sugar cube). Part per trillion (ppt): - The size of a newspaper compared to the whole of New Zealand - 15 cents compared with the whole New Zealand economy The reason gases are measured at these levels is that a small amount of some gases can have a very large effect, and if you want to study how these levels are changing over time, you need make very sensitive measurements.

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Massive geographic change may have triggered explosion of animal life New analysis of geologic history may help solve the riddle of the ‘Cambrian explosion’ A new analysis of geologic history may help solve the riddle of the “Cambrian explosion,” the rapid diversification of animal life in the fossil record 530 million years ago that has puzzled scientists since the time of Charles Darwin. A paper by Ian Dalziel of The University of Texas at Austin’s Jackson School of Geosciences, published in the November issue of Geology, a journal of the Geological Society of America, suggests a major tectonic event may have triggered the rise in sea level and other environmental changes that accompanied the apparent burst of life. The Cambrian explosion is one of the most significant events in Earth’s 4.5-billion-year history. The surge of evolution led to the sudden appearance of almost all modern animal groups. Fossils from the Cambrian explosion document the rapid evolution of life on Earth, but its cause has been a mystery. The sudden burst of new life is also called “Darwin’s dilemma” because it appears to contradict Charles Darwin’s hypothesis of gradual evolution by natural selection. “At the boundary between the Precambrian and Cambrian periods, something big happened tectonically that Continue Reading… Via-: Sciworthy News

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The lungs are the two organs located beneath the rib cage that provide life-sustaining oxygen throughout the body. They are neither symmetrical nor functionally identical, with the left lung consisting of two lobes and the right three. Lung cancer begins when cells of a lung become abnormal and begin growing out of control. When the abnormal cancer cells grow, they can form into a tumor and even spread to other areas of the body (metastasize). Lung cancer is designated by two types: - Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) - Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Both small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer are named for the kinds of cells found in the cancer and how the cells appear when viewed under a microscope. The cancer cells of each type grow and spread in different ways. Small Cell Lung Cancer The two general types of small cell lung cancer include: - Small cell carcinoma (oat cell cancer) - Combined small cell carcinoma Smoking tobacco is the major risk factor for developing small cell lung cancer. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Each year in the United States, more than 226,000 people are diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer. There are several different types of this cancer. The three main types of non-small cell lung cancer include: - Squamous cell carcinoma (epidermoid carcinoma) - Large cell carcinoma Other less common types of non-small cell lung cancer are: pleomorphic, carcinoid tumor, salivary gland carcinoma, and unclassified carcinoma. Smoking can increase the risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer.

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The way we teach Physical Education is to develop fundamental movement skills to extend agility, balance and coordination. Children use these to compete against self and each other using a range of contexts and apparatus. Games is usually taught in an outdoor space and we utilise the local Multi-Use Games Area (MUGA) in the Summer and Autumn terms to allow strenuous and competitive Games lessons to be taught. Older children are encouraged to devise their own games incorporating rules for winning. Different sports experienced over recent years include tag-rugby, cricket, football, tennis, and bowls. Dance and Gymnastics are more frequently taught inside with the addition of mats, music, instruments and stories to stimulate creative movement. Examples of stimuli used in Dance include dinosaurs, puppets, fire-dance, dragon-dance, storms, rubbish, Tiddalik the frog and African dance and drumming. In 2018 we began to use a resource called Real PE and this now provides some of our taught content. Children are taught to: Master basic movements such as running, jumping, throwing and catching. Develop balance, agility and coordination. Participate in team games, developing tactics for attacking and defending. Perform dances using movement patterns.

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A class set of 32 Argument Cards (enough for 8 groups of 4 students). Each set of cards includes two topics with 1 strong and 1 weak argument for each topic. Have groups of students sort the cards into strong and weak arguments and then have them explain their reasoning behind categorizing the arguments as strong and weak. This is a great way to help students understand the different components of a strong argument. You will be amazed by how much students' arguments improve after doing this card sort activity.

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We all asked ourselves at least once: but what is the purpose of 3d printing? To many things, including the faithful reproduction of organs e human tissues. Will organ donation become a distant memory? Reading the latest news, it seems so. The team is giving the news Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, whose researchers would have found a way to print “living” tissues and organs that can function properly when implanted in an animal's body. At the head of the initiative is Dr. Anthony Atala, who has already successfully attempted the use of XNUMXD printing for bladder surgery in the past. But now we look to the future, and we study the realization of muscle structures, bones and ear tissues, as we read in the journal Nature. However, traditional 3D printers are not used, but an advanced and complex machine called Integrated Organ and Printing System (ITOP), which processes and molds a plastic-like and biodegradable material. This, once modeled in the shape you want, will have inside the microchannels that allow the circulation of oxygen and nutrients necessary for life. An example is the ear you see in the picture, which it was implanted under the skin of a guinea pig, in the laboratory, to allow the formation of cartilage and blood vessels. At this point it can be removed and transferred to a human being. A great turning point in the history of medicine, which could give new hope to the many patients waiting for a transplant.

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Freshwater macroinvertebrates are sensitive to changes in the environment and reflect a watershed’s health. Monitoring these freshwater creatures helps to maintain healthy freshwater ecosystems that support humans and wildlife. Freshwater systems are critical resources for communities and wildlife which play a fundamental ecological and economic role. Our team monitors streams and tributaries within four major watersheds across the Maya Golden Landscape: Monkey River, Rio Grande River, Golden Stream River and Deep River. These watersheds provide clean water for drinking and washing, recreation space for communities and habitat and food for wildlife. As biological indicators of fresh watersheds, invertebrates react quickly to changes and stressors associated with water pollution due to agricultural practices, mineral extraction and deforestation within the area. This helps our team to identify environmental problems at a landscape level and implement a proactive response to mitigate the challenges. Our team collects macroinvertebrates seasonally at 12 sites in 4 watersheds. We search and collect these freshwater insects in a range of habitats: rocks, logs, vegetation, and sediments. Later, our team goes into the identification process in the lab under a microscope. Each site is scored based on the proportion of pollution-sensitive macroinvertebrates present. In addition, physical and chemical conditions are measured at each site and added to the overall quality score. Ya’axché freshwater monitoring and research efforts have helped to maintain healthy freshwater ecosystems not only in the protected areas but also in downstream communities. This information helps the organization to build an effective watershed management approach and advocate against land degradation. Learn more about our freshwater monitoring research activities and visit Downloads.

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What is Neuropsychology? Neuropsychology is the study of how a child’s behavior and skills are related to their brain function. Such functions are objectively assessed and used to create a profile of strengths and weaknesses. This profile is then used for diagnosis and treatment planning. How can Neuropsychology help my child? By determining the reasons underlying a child’s behavior, a treatment plan can be developed, targeting the problematic areas. Many children “act out” and simply telling them not to engage in the acting out behavior rarely works. This is because most children do not know why they act in a particular manner. By targeting the underlying reasons for a behavior (ADHD, learning disorder, anxiety, auditory processing weakness etc.), the child will no longer “need” to engage in the behavior. We teach our children the skills they need to flourish, to become independent self-advocates, to be happy, and to be successful. What to Expect? Each child and their parent(s) or caregiver(s) will start with a 60-minute interview to assess the reasons for testing, gain an appreciation for your child’s (and your) needs, and plan the assessment, individually tailored to your family. Testing is typically scheduled in 2-to-6 hour slots, on 1 or more days, depending on the age and capabilities of the child, as well as the reasons for testing. Testing occurs in the mornings, so it is important to get a good night’s sleep the night before and eat a good breakfast. Wear comfortable clothing and don’t forget any requested medical or academic records. Please feel free to bring snacks and/or a cherished toy to help your child feel more comfortable. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call. What is Assessed? - Executive Functioning (Reasoning, problem-solving, planning, organizing, sequencing etc.) - Attention and concentration - Learning and memory - Visual-spatial processing - Motor and sensory skills - Academic proficiency - Emotional functioning and personality characteristics

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Lucy Launches to Eight Asteroids Copyright: John Kraus Why would this mission go out as far as Jupiter — but then not visit Jupiter? Lucy’s plan is to follow different leads about the origin of our Solar System than can be found at Jupiter — where Juno now orbits. Jupiter is such a massive planet that its gravity captures numerous asteroids that orbit the Sun ahead of it — and behind. These trojan asteroids formed all over our Solar System and some may have been trapped there for billions of years. Flying by these trojan asteroids enables studying them as fossils that likely hold unique clues about our early Solar System. Lucy, named after a famous fossil skeleton which was named after a famous song, is scheduled to visit eight asteroids from 2025 to 2033. Pictured, Lucy’s launch was captured with reflection last week aboard a powerful Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA. Courtesy of NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day

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and Analyzing Complementary and Nonformal Education July – September 2002 has committed to providing universal primary education to children within the formal and informal education system. A variety of alternative and/or nonformal programs have been established to provide education to those hardest to reach. Uganda’s efforts have targeted children in poverty stricken and unstable home environments, those in rural areas where schools are inaccessible, girls, and those who perceive few benefits in attending school. was engaged to assist Uganda by estimating the cost of complementary basic education programs, and to help assess if they were to be expanded and incorporated into the government of Uganda’s universal primary education policy. Five alternative education programs were examined: Mumbende Nonformal Education; Complementary Opportunity for Primary Education (COPE); CHANCE; Alternative Basic Education for Karamoja (ABEK); and BEUPA. The BEPS assessment involved meetings with USAID staff, extensive research, site visits, and personal interviews with a number of stakeholders. education program component costs were estimated and compared to formal system unit costs using eight different criteria: instructor salaries, teacher training, texts and learning materials, community development, supervision and monitoring, management, classrooms and land, and initial and start-up costs. Budgetary impact and student opportunity costs, as well as community benefits, were also identified and compared. The resulting projections of the BEPS assessment were then provided to the government of Uganda to guide the design of budgets that will best meet educational needs. NOTE: PDF documents require the free Adobe

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The new National Curriculum 2014, is very clear about the levels of achievement for all subjects by the end of Key Stage One and Two. Children are assessed using statutory materials in the Summer term of Year 2 and 6. This information is reported to the Local Authority and Department for Education. Parents are informed of their child’s outcomes and the Key Stage 2 performance tables are shared on this website. Assessment is a fundamental element of our work in school. It informs teachers about what children can do well and what they still need to achieve. The most important assessment takes place in lessons, when teachers use a range of strategies to check the progress and learning. This information is used by teachers to provide extra teaching for groups or individuals, or to challenge the children’s understanding through tasks requiring application of their skills and knowledge. Towards the end of each term, the children will be given a test for reading, maths, spelling and grammar. Teachers use this information and their ongoing assessment of work in books, to make a teacher assessment. The school uses Target Tracker to record achievements. For children with specific significant diagnosed SEND, teachers will retain the ability to dis-apply inappropriate criteria and use PIVATs or previous year group assessment grids on Target Tracker.

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A compartment filled with a superheated liquid for the purpose of detecting movement of electrically charged particles. Generally liquid hydrogen, the fluid vaporizes and forms tiny bubbles as ions form in the wake of charged particle movement, which can be imaged. What is BUBBLE CHAMBER? BUBBLE CHAMBER: "Run that through the bubble chamber and we'll see what data it yields." Edited and fact checked by Pam: Google + The Science Dictionary is the most comprehensive source of science definitions online with over 38K science terms written and created by our global team of scientists and academic professionals. ...more

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The majority of HIV cases are acquired through unprotected sexual encounters. The sexual secretion of an infected person can come into contact with the genital, oral, or rectal mucous membrane of another and affect the uninfected partner. Both heterosexual and homosexual encounters can cause infection, with higher risk to the receptive partner. Anal intercourse has a higher risk of transmitting HIV than vaginal intercourse. The most common cases of blood transmission of the disease occur primarily amongst intravenous drug users, hemophiliacs, and recipients of blood transfusion. Sharing or reusing syringes contaminated with infected blood poses a great risk for contracting the virus. Receiving tattoos with infected needles can also expose participants to the virus. In regions with substandard medical hygiene, the risk of acquiring HIV through blood is much higher than in more sterile medical environments. The transmission of the disease from mother to child can happen at any point during the childbearing process. It can occur to the fetus in-utero, through an exchange of bodily fluids through the umbilical chord. It can also occur during childbirth, through the exchange of bodily fluids. This can be largely avoided through birth by caesarean section, so fluids are kept separate. Lastly, transmission can occur during breast-feeding as the child consumes the infected mother’s breast milk.

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Scientists have discovered what may be the world's oldest set of footprints. The fossil record may be evidence of a four-legged animal's first steps on land 397 million years ago: Scientists tell the journal Nature that the fossil trackways even retain the impressions left by the "toes" on the animals' feet. The team says the find means that land vertebrates appeared millions of years earlier than previously supposed. [...] They represent the movements of many animals as they scurried around what would have been a tropical muddy shoreline in the Middle Devonian Period of Earth history. Slabs of carbonate rock are dappled with prints that range in size and detail. Some indentations are obscured where successive animals have trampled over the same patch of ground; but others retain exquisite features of the pads and digits that made them.

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Among many animals, fathers and mothers have different interests when it comes to raising the next generation. Now a team of researchers says its new results support the idea that maternal and paternal genes compete for dominance in the offspring, a concept known as imprinting. But others aren't so sure. Since the 1980s, biologists have been studying how genes in mammals inherited from the mother or the father may be selectively silenced, the result of genomic imprinting. Many link imprinting to sexual conflict: A father who mates with multiple females will want all the mothers to produce large offspring. The mother, on the other hand, needs to conserve her resources if she wants to produce additional litters. To investigate this idea, Reinmar Hager and Rufus Johnstone of the University of Cambridge, U.K., crossbred two strains of mice, called CBA and B6. CBA litters contain roughly nine pups that are relatively small, while B6 litters contain about seven larger ones. Hager and Johnstone found that CBA males consistently sired more abundant litters, regardless of the mother's strain, suggesting that fathers influenced litter size more than mothers did. But moms may get the last word. To see if genes played a role in how much mothers fed their young, the biologists farmed the crossbred pups out to CBA and B6 foster mothers. They then allowed each foster mother to feed pups for 2 hours before measuring her change in body weight. Intriguingly, B6 foster mothers gave up more milk to pups whose birth mothers were also B6 than they did to CBA pups, the researchers report in the 30 January issue of Nature. This suggests that the mothers can detect the genotype of pups. Moreover, the foster mother apparently can tell whether the pup's B6 genes came from its dad or mom, and they favor pups with genes that came from the mother. (Alternatively, pups may have genes that allow them to extract more milk from a mother that's the same strain.) "I think imprinting is the most probable explanation" for all this, says Andrew Pomiankowski, a geneticist at University College London, although he believes the work needs to be repeated to solidify the results. "What one really would like to know is what are the genes involved?"

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Grote Reber, (born December 22, 1911, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.—died December 20, 2002, Tasmania, Australia), American astronomer and radio engineer who built the first radio telescope and was largely responsible for the early development of radio astronomy, which opened an entirely new research front in the study of the universe. When radio engineer Karl Jansky announced his discovery of radio signals from the stars in 1932, Reber tried to adapt his shortwave radio receiver to pick up interstellar radio waves. He failed, but in 1937 he built a bowl-shaped antenna 9.4 metres (31 feet) in diameter that served as the only radio telescope in the world until after World War II. By 1942 he had completed the first preliminary radio maps of the sky, concentrating on high-frequency shortwave signals, and discovered that in certain regions radio signals are particularly strong but apparently unrelated to any visible celestial object. In 1947 Reber moved his radio telescope to Sterling, Virginia, and in Washington, D.C., he served as chief of the Experimental Microwave Research Section. In 1951 in Hawaii he built a new radio telescope and concentrated on mapping celestial sources of low-frequency long-wave signals 5.5 to 14 metres in wavelength. In 1954 he joined the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization in Tasmania, Australia, one of the few places on the surface of the Earth at which the atmosphere is occasionally transparent to electromagnetic radiation more than 30 metres in wavelength. Although he accepted a position in 1957 at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia, where a radio telescope 43 metres (140 feet) across had just been completed, he returned to Bothwell, Tasmania, in 1961 to help complete the mapping of sources of radio waves with a 270-metre wavelength. An energetic and entertaining speaker, in his later years Reber spoke out on what he perceived to be problems with relativity theory and big-bang cosmology. He believed that much of the redshift observed in the spectra of distant galaxies was due to the forward scattering of light as it traversed the cosmos.

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Williams, writing in 1837, recounts the great freeze, "severe northwest wind blew for ten days. During this period the mercury was seven degrees above zero. The St. Johns was frozen several rods from the shore. All kinds of fruit were killed in the ground, and many of them never started again, even from the roots." Another freeze occurred in 1886, at which time the crop was injured and many young trees killed. At this time many of the growers believed that these freezes were caused by the cutting of timber in north Florida and Georgia. They contended that the forests constituted windbreaks and that the cutting of these trees by the lumber industry and the plantation owners brought the cold winds to the groves. Then came the two freezes of 1894 and 1895 that killed a great many orange trees. Since that date there have been recorded three serious freezes, 1899, 1917, 1935, at which times a large number of young trees perished. A minimum temperature of two degrees below zero at Tallahassee on February 13, 1899, is the Florida record for a century. As a result of these freezes, in the northern part of the State, citrus growing has been practically abandoned, with the exception of groves of satsumas. During the past thirty years the citrus section of Florida has been moving southward, and citrus growing in central and south Florida has developed rapidly. The groves of the tender choice oranges are for the most part maintained below the "frost belt," which is drawn across the State at about Orlando by the Frost Protection Bureau. The advance of the citrus industry and the very evident commercial future of these fruits brought many horticulturists to Florida: they came from Japan and China, where citrus has maintained a foothold for centuries, from the Mediterranean countries, and from the West Indies, and gave to the Florida

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Once mercury enters the environment, it is persistent--that is, it never breaks down or goes away. Mercury is deposited into water bodies from the air and enters the aquatic food chain in small fish and crayfish. It concentrates in the fish, birds and mammals that eat those fish. This is known as bioaccumulation. Predators of fish-eating animals (e.g., eagles that eat mink that eat fish) may be highly exposed. At high levels of exposure, methylmercury's harmful effects on these animals include reduced reproduction, slower growth and development, abnormal behavior, and death. Studies have documented elevated mercury concentrations in the following fish-eating animals: large-mouth and small-mouth bass, tuna, swordfish, tilefish, Chinook salmon, bald eagles, osprey, Kingfishers, common merganser, common loon, otter, mink and seals. For more information contact Taylor Watson, Health and Environmental Investigator, at [email protected].

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Large merchant ship that visits designated ports on a regular schedule, carrying whatever cargo and passengers are available on the date of sailing. The first liners were operated in the North Atlantic, notably by Samuel Cunard of Britain, beginning in 1840. Their heyday lasted from the late 19th to the mid-20th century. Many were extraordinarily luxurious. Among the most famous were Cunarders such as the Mauretania and the Queen Mary; the German Vaterland (later renamed Leviathan), for many years the largest ship afloat; the ill-fated Learn more about ocean liner with a free trial on Britannica.com.

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In 1859, Cyrus K. Holliday envisioned a railroad that would run from Kansas to the Pacific, increasing the commerce and prosperity of the nation. With farsighted investors and shrewd management, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad grew from Holliday's idea into a model of the modern, rapid, and efficient railroad.There were many growing pains. Rustlers, thieves, and desperadoes were as thick as the cattle in Kansas when the first rails were laid. When a conductor, toting a pistol, asked a grizzled prospector where he was heading, the old man replied, "Hell." "That's 65¢ and get off at Dodge," the weary conductor declared.Once built with rails from Wales laid on ties of oak and walnut, the railroad survived the economic and climatic hardships of the late nineteenth century, and eventually extended from Chicago to San Francisco, with over 12,000 miles of track and substantial holdings in oil fields, timber land, uranium mines, pipe lines, and real estate. Engineering-Transportation, Transportation, Railroads,

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Health literacy is defined as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions and services needed to prevent or treat illness. Low health literacy is more prevalent among: Patients with low health literacy may have difficulty: Health Literacy is especially important to HRSA and the people we serve. It is a common thread through all HRSA's programs from HIV/AIDS, to maternal and child health, to rural health, to organ transplantation. A large portion of the people HRSA serves are poor and medically underserved, who need help understanding and navigating a complex health care system. They require culturally competent providers who speak their language in order to make informed health care choices. A number of patients may be confused with certain medical language, have difficulty understanding English, struggle with filling out forms, or have limited access to health providers in their community. With the proper training, health care professionals can identify patients' specific health literacy levels and make simple communication adjustments. Patients’ health literacy may be affected if they have: How health care professionals can help: What is Cultural Competency? (HHS Office of Minority Health) National Standards for Culturally & Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care, HHS Office of Minority Health (PDF - 440 KB) HHS National Plan for Action: Changing Outcomes - Achieving Health Equity AHRQ Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit: CDC Health Literacy for Public Health Professionals (Online Training by the CDC) National Assessment of Adult Literacy (Department of Education)

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How to demonstrate that the density of water can be changed using salt. 1 Answer | Add Yours For instance, a classic test is to put a fresh egg into a glass of water. The egg will sink into the glass. If you'll add some salt in the water and you'll stir it to disolve the salt crystals, to create a salty solution, you'll notice that the egg will float in the salty solution. Conclusion: If you want to increase the density of water, you'll have to dislove salt into water. The more salt you'll add, the more dense will be the solution resulted. Join to answer this question Join a community of thousands of dedicated teachers and students.Join eNotes

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Developments to Watch `TAKING AN X-RAY PICTURE OF OUR UNIVERSE' Subatomic particles called neutrinos come from inside such violent environments in space as black holes, quasars, and pulsars. Now, these rare, minute particles could open a window into the great beyond. That's because physicist Francis L. Halzen of the University of Wisconsin in Madison has found a way to chart neutrinos that "will be like taking an X-ray picture of our universe." In one of three international experiments on neutrino detection, Halzen's team and one from the University of California hope to turn the South Pole into a telescope by lowering radiation detectors 800 meters into the ice. Since ice has no natural radiation, it serves as a better backdrop than water or soil. The earth will help filter out other radiation, which unlike massless neutrinos, can't pass through its core. Occasionally a neutrino will collide with an atom inside the earth and turn into a muon, a garden-variety form of radiation. The muon will leave a trace of light on the detectors--which are calibrated in billionths of a second to reveal the path and direction of the neutrino turned muon. Scientists hope to cover a square kilometer with detectors.EDITED BY PAMELA J. BLACK

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Published in Abraham Ortelius, ''Theatrum Orbis Terrarum'' (Antwerp, 1579). One of the landmarks in the history of map making was Abraham Ortelius's ''Theatrum Orbis Terrarum'', which is recognized as the first modern atlas publication. Originally published in 1570 in Antwerp, this collection of similarly designed maps bound in a book format, contained 53 contemporary maps: one world map, one of each of the four recognized continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas), with the remainder devoted to European countries and regions. Because of the popularity of this novel publication, Ortelius brought out enlarged and geographically expanded editions almost every year until the first decade of the 17th century. In 1579, he added a number of maps depicting in detail portions of the newly explored and settled regions in the Americas, including this sheet with two separate maps. One focuses on the major islands in the Caribbean--Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica--first explored and settled by the Spanish in the 1490s and still under Spanish control by the end of the 16th century. The other map depicts the region around the Spanish settlement of Culiacanae, now the capital city of the state of Sinaloa on the west coast of Mexico. Cataloging, conservation, and digitization funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.

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Download Now Free registration required A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) consists of a set of identical mobile nodes communicating with each other via wireless links. The network's topology may change rapidly and unpredictably. Typically, dynamic configuration in a wired network is accomplished by using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). In mobile ad hoc networks, however, there is no fixed infrastructure and nodes do not have access to a centralized server to acquire IP addresses. Further, due to node mobility, network partitions and merges are frequent occurrences. Such events create the possibility of duplicate addresses within the network. - Format: PDF - Size: 606.5 KB

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- Shopping Bag ( 0 items ) In the 1850s, as Minnesota Territory was reaching toward statehood, settlers from the eastern United States moved in, carrying rigid perceptions of race and culture into a community built by people of many backgrounds who relied on each other for survival. History professor William Green unearths the untold stories of African Americans and contrasts their experiences with those of Indians, mixed bloods, and Irish Catholics. He demonstrates how a government built on the ideals of liberty and equality denied the rights to vote, run for office, and serve on a jury to free men fully engaged in the lives of their respective communities. Posted January 13, 2012 No text was provided for this review.

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To view our printable materials, you must download the latest version of the free Adobe Acrobat software. ReadWriteThink has a variety of resources for out-of-school use. Visit our Parent & Afterschool Resources section to learn more. Google Image Search Instructions Use these instructions to find images of signs, logos, and product labels that you can share with children. These instructions are for the Google Image search engine. Young children can read a great many words and phrases, more than they often realize. Encourage children to identify words and phrases from home and their community to increase their confidence and practice reading skills. You can use these instructions to find similar images online and share them any time. Children can collect the images of words to realize how many different things they can read. - Brainstorm a list of signs, logos, and product labels that the children recognize. Consider things like these: - restaurant names (like McDonald's or Wendy's) - street signs (like a Stop sign or a street name) - signs in the community (like school building names or a sign at a playground or park) - product names (like Green Giant vegetables or Crayola markers) 2. Use the instructions to find pictures of the words and signs. 3. Print the pictures out and create a collection of words that the child you're working with knows. - Use the pictures that you print out to make a book. Arrange the pictures into categories with the child. You might have pages for favorite foods or fun places to visit. Encourage the child to read the book independently, sharing stories about the different pictures. You can add captions or short sentences from the child's stories if desired. - After sharing the images you find using Google Image Search, ask the child to help you brainstorm a list of other words and images to add to the collection. You can include words that the child already knows and ones that he or she wants to learn. Wherever you go, encourage the child to point out words that can be added. Keep a running list and then use the instructions to find and print the items out. If desired, have the child help you find the pictures.

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136 pp., 5.5 x 8.5, notes, index Steven and Janice Brose Lectures in the Civil War Era The Underground Railroad and the Politics of Slavery The 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, which mandated action to aid in the recovery of runaway slaves and denied fugitives legal rights if they were apprehended, quickly became a focal point in the debate over the future of slavery and the nature of the union. In Making Freedom, R. J. M. Blackett uses the experiences of escaped slaves and those who aided them to explore the inner workings of the Underground Railroad and the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law, while shedding light on the political effects of slave escape in southern states, border states, and the North. Blackett highlights the lives of those who escaped, the impact of the fugitive slave cases, and the extent to which slaves planning to escape were aided by free blacks, fellow slaves, and outsiders who went south to entice them to escape. Using these stories of particular individuals, moments, and communities, Blackett shows how slave flight shaped national politics as the South witnessed slavery beginning to collapse and the North experienced a threat to its freedom. "It deserves its place on the growing shelf of studies of the Underground Railroad." --The Annals of Iowa "A valuable work of scholarship and an asset among the shelves of libraries both public and personal." --New York History “Blackett delivers many vivid accounts of escapes. . . as well as an illuminating discussion of slave catching and the organized kidnapping of free blacks.” --Journal of Interdisciplinary History “Gracefully written. . . . Clear and supported by evidence.” --The North Carolina Historical Review “This slender volume packs a powerful punch. R. J. M. Blackett selects compelling stories that convey the deep and extensive networks essential to the operation of the Underground Railroad, its corrosive effect on the slave system, and role in the ultimate demise of slavery.” --Ohio Valley History “Making Freedom is a well-written and informative volume that provides valuable insights into the thinking undergirding the actions of freedom seekers and their supporters.” --Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography © 2014 The University of North Carolina Press 116 South Boundary Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-3808 How to Order | Make a Gift | Privacy

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Whenever we view the projection of a three-dimensional object on a two-dimensional surface, ambiguities arise. An artist can skillfully combine these ambiguities with our preconceptions about an image to create fascinating optical illusions. The Waterworks animation consists of two independent waterways which are mirror images of each other. To form each waterway, we must assemble water, an aqueduct to "guide" the water, and a column to "support" the aqueduct. A river and waterfall are added to complete the circuit. When intertwined, these two waterways appear to be connected. Visual cues in the animation give the impression that the water is flowing continuously downhill. Flow of the water is suggested by the movement of the mesh on the graphics forming the river. The basic concept of the illusion can be demonstrated by three shoebox-shaped objects. The boxes are drawn using a Here is a plot of the boxes at three viewpoints. In the first plot of Figure 1, the three boxes are clearly separated. The second plot is of the same boxes, viewed from a different angle and relatively close to the objects. The perspective calculation built into the plotting routines makes the boxes appear misaligned. In the third plot, the viewing distance from the object approximates infinity so the perspective calculations are suppressed. Again, only the viewpoint has been changed, but now the boxes look like they form a continuous path. Geometry and viewpoint have combined to create a visual ambiguity. Similarly, the various parts of the animation are not actually connected. They only appear connected from a certain viewpoint. Converted by Mathematica September 24, 1999 [Next Page]

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Deaths from fires and burns are the third leading cause of fatal home injury. Smoking is the leading cause of fire-related deaths. Cooking is the primary cause of residential fires. Alcohol contributes to about 40% of residential fire deaths. Most victims of fires die from smoke or toxic gases and not from burns. Fires shown in movies and television for entertainment can leave the wrong impression about the speed at which fires grow and the amount of time available for escape. This can cause people to underestimate the danger of fire and cause them to make bad decisions in the event of a fire. Some groups are at higher risk for fire-related injuries and deaths. These groups are: Children 4 and under Adults ages 65 and older African Americans and Native Americans Those in poverty Persons living in rural areas Residents of manufactured homes Prepare Your Family There are some important actions you can take to reduce the chances of a fire-related tragedy. Teach your children that they should get out immediately and stay out if they see a fire. Call 911 from a safe place. Make a fire escape plan and practice it with all family members. Show children how to crawl low on the floor, below the smoke, to get out of the house. Teach children not to hide from firefighters Have a meeting place a safe distance away from the house for all family members to gather. Have a working smoke alarm on every level of your home and at each sleeping area of your home. Familiarize children with the sound of your smoke alarm. Check alarms regularly and replace the batteries at least once each year. Smoke alarms should be replaced after 10 years. Install carbon monoxide detectors. Consider installing residential fire sprinklers in your home. Keep matches and lighters in a secured drawer or cabinet. Have your children tell you when they find matches and lighters. Check under beds and in closets for burned matches, evidence your child may be playing with fire.

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Churchill Acts As War Correspondent During the Second Boer War In 1899, Winston Churchill headed to South Africa as a newspaper correspondent for the Morning Post to cover the Boer War between British and Dutch settlers. Unfortunately, he was present at an ambush of an armored train and captured by enemy Boer soldiers. On November 18, 1899, Churchill along with the other prisoners arrived in Pretoria at the prison called the State Model Schools. On the night of December 12th, when the prison guards turned their backs on Churchill, he took the opportunity to climb over the prison wall. Wearing a brown flannel suit with £75 (the equivalent of $375) and four slabs of chocolate in his pocket, Churchill walked on leisurely through the night in hopes of finding the Delagoa Bay Railway. So began his great escape and journey to freedom. What men they were, these Boers! I thought of them as I had seen them in the morning riding forward through the rain--thousands of independent riflemen, thinking for themselves, possessed of beautiful weapons, led with skill, living as they rode without commissariat or transport or ammunition column, moving like the wind, and supported by iron constitutions and a stern, hard Old Testament God.”— Winston Churchill

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Strategy #1 Use the Science Practices as a framework for lesson plans. Unpacking the Lesson Plan Framework Day 1: Introduce the design problem and ask kids, “What do you need to know to solve this problem?” Students develop their own research questions. To add your content standards, put in a science content standard as a question. For example, in the design of a blade for a wind turbine, my students wanted to know, “Should the blades be curved?” I also used “What is the difference between Newton’s Laws of Motion?” and “What is Bernoulli’s Principle?” Day 2: Evaluate the questions as a class. Start by looking for question patterns. As you find repeated questions or words, develop the best way to revise the question so it is easier to search. My 8th graders need lots of scaffolding with this so I am helping them wordsmith by asking, “How would search that question?” Make a class list of research questions by using a shared document. Next, partner up the students and divvy up the questions for answering. Allow them to cut and paste answers & images. Demand that they include URL’s so they can go back to the site when they need it later in the unit. The use of Google images and movies is important. Most people learn better when it is in an image or a movie. Make sure they have that URL so they can go back to the answer when they need it. The purpose of the document is a reference document. They will use it to develop design ideas and then to write about their design ideas. Day 3: Use those Google images and ask students to evaluate the information. The image is a conceptual model. What did you learn from this image? How does it help solve the problem? Below is a student sample. Think about all the Reading Common Core Skills tapped in two days! Stay Tuned for Practical STEM Strategy #1 Part #2

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Create a PowerPoint presentation of findings from the case study and/or a site visit using images from SCRAN or Canmore. Write a newspaper front page or a diary entry based on what you have learned about the lives of the people who lived at the site. The communities who lived in these settlements would have been self-sufficient, growing their own food, making their own clothes and many of the objects that they would have needed to live and farm in the countryside. Try out some of the rural skills from the past: Try some role-play and explore what life might have been like for people living a rural settlement. People had to make their own entertainment in the past and long repetitive tasks like butter-making, grinding corn, or making cloth and long journeys were often accompanied by music and song. Find traditional songs and listen to them, what do they tell you about daily life? Learn a traditional song, or make up songs of your own. Visit a museum or heritage site to see how life in the rural past has been interpreted. Suggested places for a visit: The Highland Folk Museum, Newtonmore, Highland Auchindrain Museum, Inveraray, Argyll and Bute National Museum of Rural Life, East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire Aberdeenshire Farming Museum, Mintlaw by Peterhead, Aberdeenshire Moirlannich Longhouse, Killin, Stirling Fife Folk Museum, Ceres, Fife

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Thomas Hardy, OM, was an English author of the naturalist movement, although in several poems he displays elements of the previous romantic and enlightenment periods of literature, such as his facination with the supernatural. He regarded himself primarily as a poet and composed novels mainly for financial gain. The bulk of his work, set mainly in the semi-fictional land of Wessex, delineates characters struggling against their passions and circumstances. Hardy's poetry, first published in his 50s, has come to be as well regarded as his novels, especially after The Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. The term cliffhanger is considered to have originated with Thomas Hardy's serial novel A Pair of Blue Eyes in 1873. In the novel, Hardy chose to leave one of his protagonists, Knight, literally hanging off a cliff staring into the stony eyes of a trilobite embedded in the rock that has been dead for millions of years. This became the archetypal — and literal — cliff-hanger of Victorian prose.

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Komas Bluff, Denman Island |Photo Credit: Andrew Fyson, Denman Conservancy Bluffs are formed of steeply-sloped compacted sediments, not rock, and for that reason are often eroding. Bluffs occur on the eastern shore of Denman Island and the south ends of Sidney and The bluff shore type is less than 1% of the total shoreline in the Islands Trust area based on the twelve major islands that had shoreline mapping completed. Only Denman Island at 9% and Galiano Island at 0.4% have bluffs, all other islands have no bluff shore type including South Pender Island. Bluffs are often a major source of beach sediment and can provide a significant supply of easily-erodible materials that can be transported primarily in longshore drift cells but in places sediments can also be transported offshore by wave and current Spits and coastal lagoons may form where the transported sediments accumulate, and interruption of the sediment supply feeding the longshore transport, as might be caused by construction of seawalls or jetties, can change sediment deposition features downstream from the structures. Bluffs are very dynamic on a human time scale. On moderate to high energy mobile beaches at the base of eroding bluffs, the intertidal zone may be bare of attached algae and invertebrates. Burrowing animals such as clams and various species of worms can be common, as are mobile invertebrates such as sea stars and crabs. Eelgrass, a shallow water flowering plant, often found seaward of coastal bluffs in areas of finer substrates of sand or mud with protected wave exposures. A highly productive community, eelgrass beds provide important nursery areas for many species of fish, including herring and juvenile rockfish. Shallow nearshore water can be important feeding areas for diving sea ducks and other waterfowl.

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A strong “sound money” and high-tariff man, McKinley helped make the United States a world power. The Spanish-American War, commenced and ended upon his own terms, proved a trial run for American participation in World War I. Woodrow Wilson’s presidency might have ended on a better note had he followed McKinley’s example of including the opposition party in the peace negotiations. McKinley understood the importance of international currency exchange - America was entering its peak industrial era, and needed a good trading medium. The tariff question is more complex: tariffs can be reduced or eliminated with those nations who do likewise, creating truly free trade. But against nations who impose tariffs, we must also levy, to create an equilibrium. Mark Hanna was McKinley's campaign manager, both for his election and his re-election. Hanna and McKinley made a winning team: In their two winning campaigns against the charismatic and populist “boy orator,” William Jennings Bryan, the two pioneered many of the techniques political consultants and their clients have employed ever since. As president, McKinley introduced them into the art of governance. McKinley's victory in the Spanish-American War gave U.S. control over the Philippines. Difficult to manage, Roosevelt would eventually begin the process of spinning the Philippines off as an independent country (by 1935 the independence process would be almost complete, to be interrupted by WWII, and finalized in 1946).

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For Indian soldiers the conditions in Europe were particularly difficult. Their thin cotton uniforms were inadequate and, as a result, women in England began knitting woollen mittens and warm socks to send to the Front. As well as wet and freezing conditions in the trenches, soldiers in all armies experienced food shortages. What food that was served was rarely hot. With heavy casualties, field hospitals in Europe were overwhelmed by the wounded. Thousands were shipped to hospitals in the south of England. Many Indian soldiers went to Brighton where the Pavilion was converted into a hospital. The wounded were greeted by cheering crowds. It was thought the Indian-style architecture of the Brighton Pavilion would make the men feel more at home. There were genuine efforts on the part of British volunteers to cater to cultural needs. Indian food was served and soldiers were treated by doctors and nurses carefully selected to be of the same religion or caste (or at least able to speak their language). However, some Indian soldiers reported feeling a little like prisoners as they were never allowed to visit the local towns without a British guard.

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The image above is a busy view of Sydney in its maritime heyday, a time when wharves in Sydney Harbour bustled with activity. This particular view, from circa 1910, shows Johnstone’s Bay from Balmain, both areas which were involved in maritime industries. Today, Johnstone’s Bay is best remembered and indeed identified by the bridge which spans it – the ANZAC Bridge. Yet this was not the first bridge in the area. In 1860 the first pile was driven into the harbour to build the first, wooden bridge, over Johnstone’s Bay. In 1903 it was replaced by the Glebe Island Bridge. These early bridges were built in order to make it possible for the abattoirs which were an unpleasant part of Central Sydney to be moved onto Glebe Island where they were less of a problem. Yet building a bridge over this important waterway was something which could have negatively impacted maritime industry and so both bridges had to incorporate swing spans. Why were these swing spans so necessary? Johnstone Bay is bracketed between two important historic wharf areas in Sydney, Pyrmont and Balmain and it is no surprise perhaps that the bay itself was also used for shipping. In fact in its more recent history the bay was used as the shipping container terminal! In addition, Johnstone Bay feeds into Rozelle Bay and Blackwattle Bay, both also areas which have historically played important roles in Sydney’s maritime heritage. Even today, boats come and go under the ANZAC Bridge, in part bringing back seafood to feed the seafood trade at the Sydney Fish Markets in Blackwattle Bay.

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https://australiaspastpresent.com/2014/11/28/johnstones-bay/

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Five kinds of snow crystals are simple prisms, stellar plates, stellar dendrites, sectored plates and rimed crystals. Snowflakes are formed when water vapor freezes in clouds then falls through cold air to the ground. Snowflakes are almost always six-sided.Continue Reading The six-sided prism is the basic snowflake. These prisms can be plates, columns, button-like or resembling nuts for construction. They are often faceted and so tiny that they need magnification to be properly seen. Stellar plates are star-shaped, very thin and faced with symmetrical designs. They usually occur when the temperature is just below freezing or very cold. Stellar dendrites are much like stellar plates but have tree-like twigs and branches. These are large snowflakes and are the inspiration for the familiar snowflake design. Sectored plates are also stellar plates but with pronounced ridges. Rimed crystals occur when the water droplets that float around the snow cloud stick to snowflakes and freeze. When this happens, the droplets are known as rime. Every type of snowflake can be encrusted with rime. When many droplets adhere to a snowflake to the point where it looks like a snowball, the object is called graupel. Sometimes, the snowflake looks like a star or hexagon covered with tiny bubbles.Learn more about Snow

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https://www.reference.com/science/can-list-five-kinds-snow-crystals-86db9295cf94bf20

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Hide in small cobwebs woven underneath plant foliage or flowers Adult mites typically have 4 pairs of legs INFESTATION SIGNS: leaves turn yellow or brown and eventually fall off Barely visable to the naked eye Hidden in small cobwebs woven underneath plant foliage or flowers, mites are tiny - sometimes microscopic insects. Their head and thorax are fused into a single region called the cephalothorax, and their mouthparts are grouped together, creating a false head known as the capitulum. There appears to be an abdomen in some mites. However, in many species, the cephalothorax and abdomen are compact. Mites come in a wide spectrum of colors, including red, yellow, green, purple, black and translucent. Adult mites typically have four pairs of legs, which readily distinguish them from insects. Mite larvae have three pairs of legs until they molt to the nymph stage. Then, a fourth pair emerges. Heavy mite infestations cause leaves to turn yellow or brown and eventually fall off. Two-spotted spider mites are the most common mites to infest bedding-plant crops. Barely visible to the naked eye, they look like small, moving dots. The mites draw nutrients from plants with their scraping mouths, creating a blotchy or "salt and pepper" pattern on leaves. Not only do mites cause significant damage to plant flowers and foliage, but also to ornamental trees and shrubs. Evergreens, such as junipers and Colorado blue spruce, are especially vulnerable to mite damage during dry, hot weather. Mites plague numerous crops, including bedding and garden plants, potted plants, cut flowers and foliage. For broad-spectrum control of adults, use eight ounces of Mavrik Aquaflow® insecticide per 100 gallons of water to treat 20,000 square feet every seven days until the mites are controlled.

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https://www.centralgrower.com/insectid/mite

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Using print, online news stations, television, radio, and podcasts, students are to investigate at least one current event per month relating to Canada and the Global Community. Relevant articles: those that show Canada’s international involvement in human rights, world health, economy & trade, disaster relief, and the environment. Step 1 – Monthly – collect any/all of the following: Print Articles – students should cut out the printed article and attach it to their scrapbook. Television/Online news articles- students should print the related article off the website channel and attach it to their scrapbook Audio (radio and podcasts) – students should use the current event graphic organizer to summarize the information and attach it to the scrapbook. Step 2 – Monthly – Complete a ‘Report on a Current Event’ Graphic Organizer’ for each article. Present article and summary to peers. Post a copy of the article and summary in a product that appeals to your multiple intelligences (e.g., blog, webpage, Prezi, scrapbook, memory box, time capsule) ⃞ Select an appropriate article showing Canada’s international involvement in human rights, world health, economy & trade, disaster relief, and the environment ⃞ Prepare a written summary paragraph using the information from the graphic organizer and explain the significance of the article Ella, Noel, Catherine – due October 10th, November 7th, December 5th, January 9th Kendra, Marcus – due October 17th, November 14th, December 12th, January 16th Maddy, Pasandu, Jackson – due October 24th, November 21st, December 19th, January 23rd Keaton, Kiersten – due October 31st, November 28th, December 19th, January 30th

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https://msjmachado.wordpress.com/2016/11/16/grade-6-monthly-current-events-scrapbook/

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The Baltic States (also known as the Baltics, Baltic nations or Baltic countries) are three northern European countries east of the Baltic Sea – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. While the indigenous populations of Latvia and Lithuania are known as Baltic peoples, those of Estonia are Finnic peoples. The Baltics cover 175 000 km², with a population of 6 826 000 people. Baltic States have historically been in the Swedish (or, in Lithuania’s case, Polish), German, Danish, and Russian spheres of influence. In the late 1980s a massive campaign of civil resistance against Soviet rule, known as the Singing Revolution, began. Baltic Way was one of the most spectacular events when a two-million-strong human chain stretched for 600 km from Tallinn to Vilnius on August 23, 1989. In the wake of this campaign Gorbachev’s government had privately concluded that the departure of the Baltic republics had become “inevitable”. This process contributed to the dissolution of the Soviet Union setting a precedent for the other Soviet republics to secede from the USSR. Soviet Union recognized the independence of three Baltic States on September 4, 1991.

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http://www.exotiktours.com/country/europe-2/baltic-states/?lang=en

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Europe generates large amounts of waste: food and garden waste, construction and demolition waste, mining waste, industrial waste, sludge, old televisions, old cars, batteries, plastic bags, paper, sanitary waste, old clothes and old furniture… the list goes on. The amount of waste we generate is closely linked to our consumption and production patterns. The sheer number of products entering the market poses yet another challenge. Demographic changes, like an increase in the number of one-person households, also affect the amount of waste we generate (e.g. packaging goods in smaller units). The large spectrum of waste types and complex waste-treatment paths (including illegal ones) makes it difficult to get a complete overview of the waste generated and its whereabouts. There are data, albeit of varying quality, for all types of waste. How much waste do we generate? The EU Data Centre on Waste compiles waste data at European level. According to data for 2010 for 29 European countries (i.e. EU‑28 and Norway), around 60 % of the waste generated consisted of mineral waste and soil, largely from construction and demolition activities and mining. For metal, paper and cardboard, wood, chemical and medical waste and animal and vegetal wastes, each waste type ranged from 2 % to 4 % of the total. Around 10 % of the total waste generated in Europe consists of what is known as ‘municipal waste’ — waste generated mainly by households, and to a lesser extent by small businesses, and by public buildings such as schools and hospitals. In 2012, 481 kg of municipal solid waste was generated per person in the 33 member countries of the European Environment Agency (EEA). There is a slight downward trend from 2007 onwards, which can be explained partly by the economic crisis affecting Europe since 2008. On the right track: recycling more; landfilling less The slight dip observed in municipal waste generated in the EU might have helped reduce the environmental impacts of waste, to some extent. However, while waste quantities are important, waste management also plays a key role.

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http://paniit2008.org/AgriculturalEngineering/articles-on-waste

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What is dry eye? Dry eye disease, or dry eye, occurs when the quantity or quality of tears fails to keep the surface of the eye wet. Tears are a complex mix of fatty oils, water, mucus, and more than 1,500 different proteins. They keep the surface of the eye smooth and protected from the environment, and from bacteria or viruses that can cause disease. Dry eye can happen when you produce fewer tears or when your tears dry up too fast. Some medications, getting older, rosacea, autoimmune disorders, and allergies can contribute to dry eye. Who gets it? Dry eye affects millions of people in the U.S. The risk of developing dry eye increases as we get older. Women are more likely to get it than men. Dry eye causes a scratchy feeling, like something is in the eye. Other symptoms include stinging or burning, excessive tearing after periods of dryness, discharge, pain, and redness. People with dry eye may even have blurred vision and feel like their eyelids are heavy. Over-the-counter medications: You can treat mild dry eye symptoms with medications like artificial tears, gels, and ointments. These don't require a prescription. Prescription dry eye medications: Cyclosporine and lifitegrast are the only prescription medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating dry eye. Eye doctors may also prescribe steroid eye drops on a short-term basis to reduce swelling. Devices: The FDA has also approved devices that provide temporary relief from dry eye by stimulating glands and nerves that control tear production. These are prescribed by a doctor. Surgical options: An eye doctor can put plugs into your tear ducts to help block or partially block them. This prevents liquid from draining out of the eye. In severe cases, your doctor may need to close the tear ducts permanently with surgery.

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https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/dry-eye-an-overview

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Canine Teeth and Lethal Weapons: Was the Fabrication of Wooden Spears and Digging Sticks by Human Ancestors Responsible for the Evolution of Bipedal Locomotion? When a population of prehistoric apes began to use long, sharpened sticks as lethal weapons, the ability to attack predators and prey from a safe distance gave an advantage to those individuals who could best stand, walk, and run on two legs, leading to a complete redesign of the primate body and the evolution of full upright posture. This work in progress is intended as a scholarly article addressed to a professional audience. A previously published version of this argument, addressed to the general reader, appears in Chapter 2 of UNBOUND: How Eight Technologies Made Us Human,Transformed Society, and Brought Our World to the Brink. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2015.

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http://www.richardlcurrier.com/articles/canine-teeth-and-lethal-weapons.html

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A form of taxis characterized by the directional movement of an organism in response to light Taxis is a behavioral response of a cell or an organism to an external stimulus. The movement is characteristically directional. The movement may be positive or negative. A positive taxis is one in which the organism or a cell moves towards the source of stimulation (attraction). A negative taxis is when the organism or a cell moves away from the source of stimulation (repulsion). Phototaxis is one of the different forms of taxis. It is characterized by the directional movement of a cell in response to light. The movement may either be towards the source of light (positive phototaxis) or away from the source of light (negative phototaxis). A positive phototaxis is exhibited by phototrophic organisms. They move towards the light source to take advantage of the light energy necessary in photosynthesis. Examples of phototrophic organisms exhibiting phototaxis are the phytoflaggellates, e.g. Euglena, and photosynthetic bacteria. A negative phototaxis is one in which the organism moves away from the light source as demonstrated by certain insects such as cockroaches.1 Word origin: Ancient Greek phôs (“light”) + taxis 1 Martin, E.A., ed. (1983). Macmillan Dictionary of Life Sciences (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Press. p. 362.

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https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/phototaxis

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Preschool STEM is all about exploring scientific concepts safely and beginning to understand the scientific method. In this shaving cream rain clouds activity, preschoolers explore the basics of rain clouds and why rain happens when clouds get filled with water. The printable worksheet is the perfect addition to round out this classic science experiment. The activity will keep kids fascinated over and over again, and teaches a lot about the scientific method, making a hypothesis, making an experiment, analyzing data, and recording results. You can have children draw to fill in the worksheet or let them write their answers in. Kids will love repeating this activity, which makes it ideal for use in science centers and for independent learning stations. Use this activity alongside any weather studies in your classroom. Little science lovers will love this fun STEM investigation on rain clouds. Best of all, kids can do this experiment alone in a science center, or as a group! MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THE RAIN CLOUD STEM INVESTIGATION Shaving cream | Blue food coloring | jar | Rain cloud printable | Pipettes Shaving Cream Rain Clouds STEM Investigation Steps Fill a jar about 2/3 of the way with clear water. Fill the rest of the jar up with shaving cream. This is the “cloud.” Tell kids a bit about the water cycle and how clouds are collections of water evaporated from the earth. When the clouds get too heavy, the water falls back to earth. In this STEM activity, kids can find out about the capacity of clouds and watch their very own cloud rain. Color some water with blue food coloring. Drop the water one drop at a time into the jar using a pipette. Have the kids count how many drops it takes until the water fills up the shaving cream rain clouds and falls to the jar below. In our experiment, it took 100 drops before the water broke through the cloud and started to rain.

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https://lifeovercs.com/shaving-cream-rain-clouds-stem/

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The first global review of studies about the decline of insects predicts the planet will lose its insects within a century if the current rates of extinction continue. Notable insect population crashes have been documented in Puerto Rico, where one study found a 98 per cent decrease in ground insects over 35 years, and the United Kingdom, where butterfly species dropped by 58 per cent in a decade on agricultural land. In Oklahoma, only half of bee species recorded in 1949 were found in 2013, while in Germany, the abundance of flying insects in national parks declined by 75 per cent over 25 years. Insects are the most abundant animals on Earth—they outweigh humans by 17 times—but their mass has been declining by 2.5 per cent a year for the past three decades. The insect rate of extinction is eight times higher than that of birds, mammals and reptiles. According to the analysis, which will be published in Biological Conservation in April, the decline in insect numbers is primarily due to intensive agriculture, heavy pesticide use, loss of habitat through urbanisation and climate change. “Unless we change our ways of producing food, insects as a whole will go down the path of extinction in a few decades,” write the authors of the review. “The repercussions this will have for the planet’s ecosystems are catastrophic, to say the least.”

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https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/insectpocalypse-now/?source=relatedItems

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Many children experience symptoms of ‘visual stress’ when reading. This includes distortions in text and eye strain. Using a coloured overlay on the reading material has been proven to reduce these symptoms and increase reading speed in individuals with photosensitive epilepsy and autism. Tourette’s syndrome and autism often overlap clinically, and individuals with autism have shown symptoms similar to that observed in those suffering from visual stress. In 2013 a researcher in Anglia Ruskin University’s Psychology department conducted a Pilot study to investigate the effects of coloured overlays in children with Tourette’s syndrome. The pilot study indicated that a substantially large proportion of children with Tourette’s syndrome may suffer from visual stress when reading. Colour overlays appear to help remediate these symptoms and improve reading rate. Based on these findings, a larger scale, controlled study was completed, and the results were published in 2016. The report notes that if visual stress and sensory difficulties are related problems, then the prevalence of visual stress is likely to be higher in children with sensory disorders such as Tourette’s syndrome. Eighty percent of individuals with Tourette’s syndrome reported that tics were produced as intentional responses to aversive sensory phenomena and some researchers have even speculated that Tourette’s syndrome is characterized by a hypersensitivity to sensory stimulation. Given the overlap between sensory behaviours, hypersensitivity and visual stress, it seems likely that visual stress may be contributing to symptoms in Tourette’s. The study found that a higher than normal proportion of the children with Tourette’s syndrome read more quickly with the use of a coloured overlay, with levels of improvement reaching 54%. The results of this study provide further evidence consistent with an association between sensory difficulties and cortical hyperexcitability and suggests that children who are hypersensitive to sensory stimuli may experience the greatest benefits from the use of a colour filter. Given that coloured filters have been found to benefit performance on tasks other than reading; including matching to sample, visual search and recognition of emotion in faces (Ludlow et al, 2008; 2012), the overlays might offer an important tool to children with sensory disorders in educational settings.

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https://www.opticalm.ca/tourettes-syndrome

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In a previous lesson by Jeri Faber, the class went on a tour of the school grounds to find evidence of erosion. The students created their own erosion solution for one of the problems. For this lesson, students will view a Google Slide presentation to find evidence for how erosion solutions control erosion caused by wind or water. The class will record observations on a chart to aid in distinguishing among the solutions. A game called Erosion Explosion helps students review the concepts learned.

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https://ngss.nsta.org/Resource.aspx?ResourceID=405

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CEC Professional Standards From its earliest days, the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) recognized the critical role of standards in defining special education as a profession. In 1922, at its inaugural meeting, the founders of CEC identified as one of the primary aims of the organization the establishment of professional standards. CEC has embraced this responsibility and has been a leader among education associations in the development of Ethical Principles, Professional Practice Standards, and Preparation Standards. CEC has and continues to use a research-based collaborative process that ensures that its standards are current, research-based, and fully address the knowledge and skills special educators must master. What Every Special Educator Must Know, known as The Red Book, details the ethics and standards for special education preparation and practice, outlining the critical knowledge and skill sets for every special education professional. The 7th edition is available now! CEC Professional Preparation Standards define the specialized expertise special educators must master for the safe and effective practice of special education at the initial and advanced levels. These standards are used to inform preparation programs, accreditation organizations, and credentialing agencies. As professionals serving individuals with exceptionalities, special educators have a special purpose endowed by the community and recognized by a professional credential. As such, special educators have a responsibility to be guided by their Ethical Principles and Professional Practice Standards. Special education paraeducators have become an essential member of the special education team. The CEC Paraeducator Development Standards ensure paraeducator programs address validated knowledge and skills. CEC Evidence-based Practice Studies are systematic analyses of the research on a practice to determine the quality of the evidence so that practicing special educators have a trusted source of reliable information.

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https://www.cec.sped.org/Standards

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Animal Ethics has long been a highly contested area with debates driven by unease about various forms of animal harm, from the use of animals in scientific research to the farming of animals for consumption. Animal Ethics: The Basics is an essential introduction to the key considerations surrounding the ethical treatment of animals. Taking a thematic approach, it outlines the current arguments from animal agency to the emergence of the ‘political turn’. This book explores such questions as: - Can animals think and do they suffer? - What do we mean by speciesism? - Are humans special? - Can animals be political or moral agents? - Is animal rights protest ethical? Including outlines of the key arguments, suggestions for further reading and a glossary of key terms, this book is an essential read for philosophy students and readers approaching the contested field of Animal Ethics for the first time. Table of Contents Introduction 1. Picturing Animal Ethics 2. Singer’s Utilitarianism 3. Regan on Animal Rights 4. Contract Theories 5.What is so special about Humans? 6. The Holocaust Analogy 7. Abolitionism 8. Animals and the Environment 9. The Political Turn. Conclusion Glossary Index Tony Milligan is a lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Hertfordshire, UK.

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https://www.languages.routledge.com/Animal-Ethics-The-Basics/Miligan/p/book/9780415739368

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This study considers the effect of an educational presentation about mental illness on adolescent knowledge and attitudes toward the mentally ill. Six behavioral case descriptions (adapted from Star, 1954) with a social distance questionnaire and a 20 item true-false questionnaire were used to measure attitudes toward and knowledge about mental illness both before and after an educational presentation. Adolescents identified the paranoid schizophrenic case description as mental illness significantly more often than they identified the other case descriptions as mental illness. Adolescents were least comfortable, on the social distance scale, with behavior that can be labeled schizophrenic and with behavior consistent with character disorder. No gender differences were found for either attitudes toward or knowledge about mental illness. Previous acquaintance with a mentally ill person is related to more knowledge and better attitudes about mental illness. Students' scores reflected a significant increase in correct information and positive attitudes toward mental illness after participation in the educational presentation. A trend toward more positive attitudes was found after interaction with those with mental illness. Adolescents can be effectively educated about mental illness and this education makes a difference in attitudes toward mental illness. Files are restricted to Pacific University. Sign in to view.

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https://commons.pacificu.edu/work/fb0f0dcd-173e-415d-8b71-28ad9dcb847f

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Great Roman Civil War Siege of AlexandriaAlexandria, Egypt The siege of Alexandria was a series of skirmishes and battles occurring between the forces of Julius Caesar, Cleopatra VII, Arsinoe IV, and Ptolemy XIII, between 48 and 47 BC. During this time Caesar was engaged in a civil war against remaining Republican forces. The siege was lifted by relief forces arriving from Syria. After a battle contesting those forces' crossing of the Nile delta, Ptolemy XIII and Arsinoe's forces were defeated.

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https://history-maps.com/en/story/Great-Roman-Civil-War/event/Siege-of-Alexandria

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Activities at Home All the fun activities that you do with your child at home are important in supporting their learning and development, and are seen to have a long lasting effect on your child’s learning as they progress. Here are a few things to try at home: - Sing and tell nursery rhymes. - On a trip to the supermarket, talk about all the different packaging shapes. - Talk about the numbers, colours, words and letters you see when you are out and about. - Allow your child to cut out and stick pictures from magazines. - Cook / bake together. - Plant seeds or bulbs in a pot or garden patch. - Use the weather – shadows, rain puddles, snow, wind, mist and sun – to extend your child’s vocabulary. - Explore the park at a different time of the year – go off the beaten track. - Share a book and re-tell familiar stories together. - Encourage them to become independent in their self-help skills whenever possible. - Talk to your child at every opportunity – e.g. what you are doing that day. - Engage in activities using their thumb and first finger to develop their pencil grip-help pegging out the washing or threading beads. - Count out everyday objects-“pass me two apples”. - Count out four raisins for you and four raisins for me; are there any more? How many? The more you know about how your child learns at Nursery, the more you can do to support their learning at home. Your child’s key worker will be able to tell you about the Early Years Curriculum and the areas of learning, and update you on your child’s progress. Ask them to share how the Nursery gives your child opportunities to express their ideas, to talk about what they’re thinking, to imagine and create stories. If you require any resources to support your child at home, please ask. We have a range of ‘busy bags’ available for you to borrow to support your child at home.

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https://www.rendcombcollege.org/nursery-activities

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How comets change as they journey around the Sun, what are they made of and where are they found? - Comets formed from dust and ice particles when the Solar System was very young. - There are at least a hundred million comets orbiting our Sun. - The centre of a comet is called its nucleus. - The cloud surrounding a comet's nucleus is called the coma. Comets formed when the Solar System was very young. Dust and ice particles, far from the Sun, gathered into lumps of icy rock. These great dirty snowballs, that were left over when the gas giant planets formed, are comets. Evidence suggests that there are at least a hundred million comets orbiting our Sun. Please log in to view and download the complete transcript.

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https://www.twigscotland.com/film/what-are-comets-962/

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Description: This app lesson will provide hands-on practice for music students to expand their songwriting, mixing, and composing understanding. Instructional Objective: Students will write an original song and compose an accompanying musical piece for it utilizing a combination of the piano, drums, and guitar. Students will record their piece to demonstrate their understanding. Step 1: Students will pair up and write a song on the Songwriter’s Pad app, using the chords, rhymes, and thesaurus features. Step 2: Students will use the Spotlight Drums app to practice a beat for their songs. Step 3: Students will test any piano parts to their song with the Tiny Piano app. Step 4: Students will record and mix their final product with the Amateur Band app.

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CC-MAIN-2023-50

https://appedreview.com/app/school-of-rock-app-lesson/

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en

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in regulating the process of carrying a fetus, childbirth and lactation. It is also associated with influencing emotional attachment with others and social behavior, including recognition, empathy, trust, sexual activity, and the forming of bonds and relationships. Oxytocin is produced by cells in the brain’s hypothalamus and released to another area of the brain called the posterior pituitary. It sends the hormone out to different areas of the body that have proteins known as oxytocin receptors which can trigger physical responses such as contraction of uterine muscle and the secretion of milk. All mammals produce oxytocin and females typically have higher levels than males. Increases in oxytocin have been detected during the formation of bonds between different species too, for example humans and dogs. Similar chemical hormones have been found to influence social behaviors in other animals, including fish, birds, and molluscs.

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CC-MAIN-2023-50

https://drzags.com/topics/what-is-oxytocin/

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en

Help your Preliminary Food Technology students to understand how technological developments influence food availability with this fantastic resource! Students learn about the technological developments in manufacturing processes and equipment, storage, distribution and marketplace practices in the informative PowerPoint. They can then answer a series of questions in the corresponding 4 page worksheet which gives students an opportunity to practise their responses to NESA key words. Also included in this resource pack is a lesson plan with teacher instructions which simplifies the process of implementing this resource in the classroom. This resource may be differentiated to suit the needs of students at the discretion of the teacher. - 1 x 10-slide Technological Developments Influential on Food Availability PowerPoint. - 1 x 4-page Technological Developments Influential on Food Availability worksheet (PDF). - Lesson plan with teacher instructions.

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CC-MAIN-2023-50

https://tpd.edu.au/product/technological-developments-influential-on-food-availability/

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Definition: Dust Mites Dust mites are microscopic bugs that live in household dust. They work their way into soft places like pillows, blankets, mattresses, and stuffed animals. Many people with asthma are allergic to dust - but it's the droppings produced by the mites in the dust, along with the body fragments of dead dust mites, that really cause allergic reactions. When breathed in, these can lead a person to develop allergy or asthma symptoms.

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CC-MAIN-2023-50

https://kidshealth.org/CHOC/en/parents/dust-mites.html

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en

On this day, a massacre in a small French village invoked hostilities between the Catholics and Huguenots throughout France, marking the beginning of what became known as the French Wars of Religion. The massacre was spurred by religious intolerance. A massacre in the village of Wassy, France ended with 63 villagers being burned alive in a church where they had been worshipping. News about the slaughter spread, and disputes began breaking out all over various regions, marking the beginning of the French Wars of Religion. Battles between the Huguenots and Catholics went on for eight long years — an estimated 3,000,000 people lost their lives. The Massacre of Wassy began when the Duke of Guise was traveling and decided to attend mass in the village of Wassy, purely by chance. The Duke meandered through the village looking for a church, when he was greeted by a sizable group of Huguenots holding a religious gathering from inside a barn. When the Duke sent his foot soldiers into the barn to further investigate the situation, words were exchanged, anger turned into chaos, and the Duke was injured when a stone hit his head. He took revenge by setting fire to the barn, killing 63 of the Huguenots worshipers inside. The fighting was not limited to villages. It immediately spread to aristocratic houses, which is why things got out of hand on the level they did. As the Reformed House of Conde and the Roman Catholic House of Guise went head to head, other houses began lending offering help to their preferred side.

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CC-MAIN-2023-50

https://historycollection.com/today-history-massacre-wassy-sparks-religious-war-france-claim-3-million-lives-1545/

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en

A new research suggests that scientists may be a step closer to a cure for HIV. An injection may be soon available that prevents virus from spreading and could rid sufferers of the infection. The study saw cows being infected with HIV, all of which they saw had developed immune response to it within 35 days. On analysis of the immune cells of the animals, one was found to bind to a key site on HIV that the virus uses to spread infection. The researchers believe such immune cells could be incorporated into an injection to neutralize HIV in infected humans. Following this, researchers from multiple institutions, including Texas A&M University, injected HIV into four calves. It turns out that Cows are not normally at risk of HIV, and the researchers believe that the animals’ immune system has specific features that allow it to produce antibodies when exposed to the virus. The calves that were infected with HIV developed antibodies within 35 to 40 days after receiving two injections. While the findings were published in the journal Nature, it is still unclear when such a vaccine could be available.

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CC-MAIN-2023-50

https://www.asianage.com/amp/life/health/210717/hiv-cure-maybe-closer-says-study.html

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Using clean fill can have a positive impact on the environment by reducing waste and supporting sustainability efforts. Clean fill is a versatile material that can be made up of various materials, including sand, gravel, topsoil, and recycled materials, such as concrete, brick, and asphalt. In this blog post, we'll explore the environmental benefits of using clean fill and provide tips for making a positive impact on the environment with your next project. Reducing Landfill Waste Clean fill can help reduce landfill waste by diverting materials that would otherwise end up in landfills. By using clean fill, you can reduce the amount of waste produced during construction and landscaping projects, which can have a significant impact on the environment. By diverting waste from landfills, you can help reduce the amount of greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants that are released into the air and water. Conserving Natural Resources Using clean fill can help conserve natural resources, such as sand, gravel, and topsoil. By using recycled materials, such as concrete and asphalt, you can help reduce the demand for new materials, which can help conserve natural resources and protect the environment. By conserving natural resources, you can also reduce the environmental impact of mining and other extraction activities. Reducing Transportation Emissions Using clean fill can also help reduce transportation emissions, which can have a significant impact on the environment. By using locally sourced clean fill, you can reduce the amount of fuel used to transport materials, which can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other harmful pollutants. By reducing transportation emissions, you can also help improve air quality and reduce the environmental impact of transportation activities. Tips for Making a Positive Impact on the Environment When using clean fill, consider the environmental impact of your project and take steps to minimize your impact on the environment. Choose recycled materials whenever possible, and opt for locally sourced materials to reduce transportation emissions. Be sure to dispose of any waste materials responsibly, and consider recycling or repurposing materials that would otherwise go to waste. Using clean fill can have a positive impact on the environment by reducing waste, conserving natural resources, and reducing transportation emissions. By choosing recycled materials and locally sourced materials, and disposing of waste responsibly, you can make a positive impact on the environment with your next project. By working together to reduce our environmental impact, we can help create a more sustainable and healthy future for all.Read more

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CC-MAIN-2023-50

https://www.cleanfill.net/environmental-benefits-clean-fill

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en

The Internet transfers PettaBytes of data every minute across the globe. Do you have any idea how that happens? You click on a link and you download a multi MegaByte(MB) file within seconds, watch your favourite videos, do live video calls and what not. This is not magic! There are people behind the scene, who are working very hard to make all this happen, both efficiently and safely, by making sure that the data reaching you is unsniffed and legitimate. They are called Security Engineers. Computer Networking aims to study and analyze the communication process among various computing devices or computer systems that are linked, or networked together to exchange information and share resources. So, in order to perform networking you must have a network. It's like to make a telephone call you must have a telephone line. In this tutorial we will learn about basics of Network Programming, Network Analysis and its practical application in detail.

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CC-MAIN-2023-50

https://www.studytonight.com/network-programming-in-python/

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en