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Similar to cities, the landscape of zoological gardens in the United States have witnessed many changes during the last century. Zoo exhibits in places such as Cleveland have transformed from barred enclosures to intricate replications of natural environments. If you look closely at wildlife exhibitions, it is possible to interpret a little about the history of the era in which they were built. Whether influenced by the Modernism of the 1950s or the environmental movement of the 1960s, the spaces tell us stories about the people who built and visited zoos. The development and refinement of these spaces was not only vital to the popularity and financial stability of zoos, but was necessary to meet both internal and public standards for providing healthy living conditions that promote positive behavior in animals. Shaped by public usage as well as innovations in design and administrative methods, animal exhibitions offer a unique form of civic architecture. Exhibits were not only built to act as suitable homes for its occupants, but to be appealing, attractive and informative to hordes of spectators. They were designed to inform us about distant lands, animal behaviors, species characteristics or conservation practices. The spaces also reflect the goals and ideals of the zoo administration and staff. Due to the incredible amount of planning and cost required to develop exhibits, the physical development of zoos in the United States has been slow. Exhibits constructed during different eras exist side by side within the same landscape. Recognizing the changes in design and public usage provides insight into the time periods in which they were constructed. A look at Cleveland Zoological Park exhibits between 1940 and 1960 offers a point of departure to explore how these spaces reflect the history of zoological gardens in the United States.

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https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/619

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Research shows that schools nationwide are hostile environments for LGBTQ and gender nonconforming students of color. According to one study, “1 in 5 LGBT students report being bullied due to race, ethnicity, or national origin.” Findings in this study support previous research on the prevalence of bullying and harassment in schools. However, LGBTQ youth of color are bullied based on race, sexual orientation, gender identity, or all of the above at once. While harassment and bullying of any kind negatively affects students’ ability to thrive in school, student’s who experience multiple forms of bulling and harassment face even greater challenges. Such compounded bullying and harassment has a significant negative effect on learning environments and on student’s feelings of safety.

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https://gsanetwork.org/resources/lgbtq-youth-of-color-discipline-disparities-school-push-out-and-the-school-to-prison-pipeline/

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en

Plant tissues. Meristems. Species: sunflower (Heliantthus annuus). Technique: paraffin section stained with safranin / alcian blue. Cells of the vascular cambium divide in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shoot and perpendicular to the shoot surface. It is known as periclinal or tangential division (see figure). This pattern of cell division is mostly responsible for the growing in thickness of stems and roots. The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem inward and secondary phloem outward. It is compose of two cell types: fusiform initial cells, which are several times longer than wide and arranged vertically, and ray (radial) initial cells, which are slightly elongated or nearly isodiametric and arranged horizontally. Fusiform cells give rise to all cell types of both secondary xylem and secondary phloem, that are sorted vertically, i.e. the axial system, whereas ray initial cells give rise to the radial system. Radial system cells are involved in conduction and storing substances. The vascular cambium produces more xylem than phloem because the xylem progenitor cells periclinally divide more times. During the first year of the plant, vascular cambium develops from the procambial cells. Procambium differentiates into fascicular cambium, located between the primary xylem and the primary phloem of individual vascular bundles. Interfascicular cambium differentiates from parenchyma or collenchyma cells located between the vascular bundles (mainly in stem). The connection of these two meristems gives to vascular cambium, which forms a continuous cylindrical sheat in both, stems and roots. In mature organs, the fascicular cambium cannot be distinguished from the interfascicular one. Sometimes, vascular cambium may remain restricted to strands or discontinuous strips. In monocots, interfascicular cambium is not formed.

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https://mmegias.webs.uvigo.es/02-english/1-vegetal/v-imagenes-grandes/cambium_vascular.php

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You know not to keep mayonnaise-based dishes out of the refrigerator for too long and that questionable chicken is never worth the risk. If only managing those two well-known, common culprits were enough to keep food poisoning at bay! Sadly, foodborne illness lurks around many corners, some that most of us have never even thought of before. Food poisoning is incredibly preventable, but we routinely fail to take the appropriate steps to keep it from attacking. There are many viral, bacterial and parasitic agents that cause food poisoning, with some of the most commonly known being salmonella, Escheridia coli (E. coli) and listeria. Equally as gross is the fact that illnesses like rotavirus and Hepatitis A can actually be passed from an infected food handler to the product, putting the consumer at significant risk. Foods tainted with toxins and chemicals are also extremely risky. Although there are more than 250 types of foodborne illness, they generally start off sporting similar, undesirable gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, fever, abdominal pain/cramps and watery diarrhea [sources: CDC, Mayo Clinic]. Most cases will pass in a matter of days without a trip to the doctor or hospital, but food poisoning can – and does – kill. In fact, roughly 3,000 people die from foodborne illness each year in the United States alone [source: CDC]. Check out these surprising ways that foodborne illness strikes and provide yourself with an extra layer of protection from these punishing illnesses.

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https://health.howstuffworks.com/food-nutrition/10-unexpected-ways-to-get-food-poisoning.htm

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Jolly Phonics Readers Level 4 Our World (in print letters) Jolly Phonics Our World nonfiction readers are fully decodable books for new readers. They have a very carefully controlled vocabulary and are specifically designed for children who are learning to read and write with Jolly Phonics. - The text in these Blue Level Books (fourth level) uses only decodable regular words that use the letter-sound knowledge taught so far: the 42 main letter sounds and the main alternative letter-sound spellings (‹y› as in happy, the ‘hop-over ‹e›’ spellings of the long vowel sounds, ‹ay› as in day, ‹ea› as in seat, ‹y› and ‹igh› as in fly and high, ‹ow› as in low and now, ‹ew› as in dew, ‹oy› as in joy, ‹ir› and ‹ur› as in bird and turn, and ‹al›, ‹au› and ‹aw› as in talk, pause and saw) and a small number of tricky words (frequently used words that are not fully decodable at this stage). - All new tricky words and alternative vowel spellings used are shown on the front inside cover. These can be used as a quick practice activity before starting the book. - Faint type is used for silent letters, like the ‹b› in lamb. - Comprehension questions and discussion topics are included at the end of the book. These ensure that children are not only able to read the text, but also get meaning from it. Need help with ordering? Click here 16 pages per book |Size in mm|| JL9308 – Jolly Phonics Readers Level 4 Our World (in print letters)

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https://jollylearning.com/shop/us-shop/phonics-resources-us-shop/decodable-readers-phonics-resources-us-shop/jolly-phonics-readers-level-4-our-world-in-print-letters/

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In this workshop participant will build a simulation for the traffic light system. They will apply the knowledge they have gained during the workshop to Build their Prototypes using Tinkercad Circuits software. This workshop can be done on person too. where kids can use the real Arduino and LEDs to build the prototype( Hardware 3D model and Arduino Code will be attached) Instructor will present a general ideas about electronics and Circuits. Presenting the TinkerCAD software and it's Interface. Participants will follow the instructor to assemble all electronics. 2- Add first LED to the prototype. 3- Change color of the LED 4- Add all three LED’s Instructor will start to connect LED's with Arduino. 2- Connect positive legs of LED’s to the Pins ( Red to 4, Yellow to 3 and Green to 2). Introducing what is block Coding and the color coding behind it. Instructor will introduce to participants what is block coding and how to build a functional code inside the software. Also, the color coding for each blocks.

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https://www.scopesdf.org/scopesdf_lesson/traffic-light-system/

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This course studies Hawaiian fishes, birds, and other creatures--their identification and habitat and their place in the heritage of the Hawaiian people, methods of capture, conservation techniques, and practical uses. Hawaiian and biological terminology will be used. Cross-listed with ZOOL 105. - Describe the various traditional methods whereby animals were acquired, cultured, and managed in Hawai‘i. - Describe the origin of Hawaiian fauna in relationship to the geologic history of the Islands, human introductions, and the environments in which they occur. - Identify (using Hawaiian names, scientific names, and common names) the fauna used in old Hawai‘i and recent times and the roles these species played in traditional Hawaiian culture and resource utilization. - Describe the various uses of fauna in traditional Hawaiian culture.

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https://catalog.kauai.hawaii.edu/hawaiian-studies-hwst/hwst-213

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Swiss immunologist Antonio Lanzavecchia says that observing the human immune response to influenza convinced him that it would be possible to design a vaccine that prevails over mutation. During the 2009 N1H1 flu pandemic, Lanzavecchia discovered that some people had antibodies that inactivate all influenza A subtypes. After examining over 100,000 white blood cells, he and his team developed a special antibody: “Our FI6 antibody is the first one ever found that reacts to all 16 of the influenza A subtypes,’ says Lanzavecchia.” What’s the Big Idea? The new antibody itself is not a vaccine, but it could be an instruction manual for making one. The scientists say that a small protein mimicking the part of the virus bound by the FI6 antibody might cajole the immune system into making similarly cross-reactive antibodies. And while Lanzavecchia admits that developing the FI6 binding site into a new vaccine may take years, he hopes that the antibody itself might be used as a treatment in the meantime. The treatment has so far been successful in treating mice and ferrets.

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https://preprod.bigthink.com/surprising-science/finally-a-universal-flu-vaccine/

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Next Page Science KS3 is a textbook with a difference. It covers all of key stage 3 science in one book: biology, chemistry and physics. It is written in an explanatory style with a ready-made comprehension exercise on the ‘next page’ to the text. It provides full coverage of the curriculum that all abilities can access. The sequential comprehension questions mean students know to read a little further for the next answer: they enjoy this positive feedback and engage with the content. The additional tasks edition also has questions designed to: - Consolidate content and important relationships - Reinforce vocabulary - Practise graph plotting skills - Stretch ideas further - Provoke thought and discussion Print (from www.nextpagescience.com/downloadables ) or photocopy the question sheet you require for completing and sticking into the student’s exercise books. Question sheets are available in two formats: comprehension only or comprehension and additional tasks. Use the PowerPoint from www.nextpagescience.com/powerpoints or your own method to introduce the topic. Students follow up by completing their question sheets using the text book. Answers can be self checked before the end of the lesson using the pdf file available from www.nextpagescience.com/downloadables. Word searches available for each text page from www.nextpagescience.com/downloadables. Product Code: NPSK3

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https://www.123learning.co.uk/next-page-science-key-stage-3

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Recently, a much-anticipated malaria vaccine developed by Oxford University has received its first approval. About R21 vaccine: - It is the first vaccine to achieve more than 75% effectiveness. (The goal set by the World Health Organisation). - It has been approved for use in children aged 5-36 months, the age group at highest risk of death from malaria. - Ghana became the first African country which gave approval for the vaccine. - Matrix-M, a saponin-based adjuvant developed by Novavax, is used in the vaccine to stimulate a stronger and longer-lasting immune response. - Antigen presentation in regional lymph nodes is improved by the Matrix-M adjuvant, which also encourages the entrance of antigen-presenting cells at the injection site. Key facts about Malaria - Malaria is an acute febrile illness caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are spread to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. - It is not contagious and cannot spread from one person to another - There are many different types of plasmodium parasite, but only 5 types cause malaria in humans. - Plasmodium falciparum: Mainly found in Africa, it's the most common type of malaria parasite and is responsible for most malaria deaths worldwide. - Plasmodium vivax: Mainly found in Asia and South America, this parasite causes milder symptoms than Plasmodium falciparum, but it can stay in the liver for up to 3 years, which can result in relapses. - Plasmodium ovale: Fairly uncommon and usually found in West Africa, it can remain in your liver for several years without producing symptoms. - Plasmodium malariae: This is quite rare and usually only found in Africa. - Plasmodium knowlesi: This is very rare and found in parts of Southeast Asia. Q1) What are Plasmodium parasites? Plasmodium parasites are a group of single-celled organisms that cause malaria, a serious and sometimes fatal disease that affects humans and other animals. There are over 200 species of Plasmodium parasites, but only a few species are known to cause malaria in humans.

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https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-daily-current-affairs/prelims-pointers/r21-vaccine/

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Chemical storage tank lining is a process of coating the interior of a tank with a layer of material that can withstand exposure to the chemical(s) that will be stored in the tank. The purpose of the lining is to protect the tank from corrosion, chemical attack, and other types of damage that can result from contact with the stored chemicals. There are various types of tank linings available, and the selection of the appropriate lining material depends on the type of chemical(s) to be stored, the temperature and pressure at which they will be stored, and other factors such as the size and shape of the tank, and the expected service life of the lining. Some common types of tank linings include: Epoxy coatings – These are typically used for tanks that will contain aggressive chemicals, solvents, and acids. Polyurethane coatings – These coatings provide good chemical resistance, and are often used for tanks containing water or chemicals that are less aggressive than those that require an epoxy lining. It is important to properly prepare the tank surface before applying the lining to ensure good adhesion and durability. This may involve cleaning, sandblasting, and other surface preparation techniques. Proper maintenance of the tank and the lining is also essential to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the lining. Regular inspections and cleaning, as well as prompt repair of any damage or defects, are important to prevent leaks and other issues that can result in costly downtime and environmental damage.

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https://www.maxkote.co.uk/tank-lining-2/chemical-storage-tank-lining/

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Black, Indigenous, and self-identified Womxn of Colour. The complex, cumulative way in which the effects of multiple forms of discrimination (such as racism, sexism, and classism) combine, overlap, or intersect especially in the experiences of marginalized individuals or groups. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) Intersectionalism, is both a framework and action. As a framework, intersectionality is particularly attentive to the ways that gender, race and class intersect to shape the experiences of Black womxn in particular, and more recently womxn of colour in general. Importantly, this focus on Black womxn is not to exclude non-Black womxn of colour or minimize their importance; instead, it is to acknowledge Black women’s unique position within the community, due to the pervasiveness of anti-Blackness both outside and inside POC communities. The hatred of women, prejudice against women or girls, which can be manifested in numerous ways including: social exclusion, sex discrimination, hostility, patriarchy and male privilege. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) Social organization marked by the supremacy of the father in the clan or family, the legal dependence of wives and children, and the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) "Womxn" is an anti-oppressive spelling that supports all self identified womxn of colour. It is a more inclusive spelling that not only represents power and independence, but also acknowledges the intersections of injustice womxn of marginalized identities have experienced throughout history.

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https://wocdurham.ca/glossary/

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After a severe trauma or being prolonged or repeatedly exposed to traumatic events, it’s very common to be more anxious. It’s also very common to try to avoid situations, thoughts or people that are reminders of what happened and to be more often sad and socially withdrawn. - After traumatic events, it’s common not wanting be or sleep alone. - Establish a bedtime ritual (reading, listen to an audio book or podcast, review the day, etc.) - Try to ensure that you have no excitement one hour before bedtime (video games, TV, etc.) - If you have trouble falling asleep, try to listen to an audio book, podcast or music. - It’s very common to have more worries and concerns after traumatic events. Take your time to find out what kind of worries you have. - Sometimes it’s difficult to say what´s upsetting you. Many find it helpful to write their feelings and worries down (e.g. in a journal). - Try to talk to your friends and family about worries and fears. Talking about it often feels liberating and thus helps. - Increase your feelings of safety by always carrying a lucky charm with you. Avoiding speaking about the traumatic event - Often, it’s difficult to tell what`s upsetting. - Try to talk to your friends and family about your worries and fears. Talking about it often feels liberating and thus helps. Fear of things, people or places which remind your child of the traumatic event - Fear of trauma-related reminders is very common after traumatic events. - To avoid trauma-related reminders such as specific places or people is common. The longer you avoid such things, the longer this behavior will last. - It’s normal to be scared by bad memories. Often, these memories and worries will go away over time. - Remembering something doesn’t mean experiencing it again. Memories are always about something in the past. - Try to face fearful situations with courage. Reward yourself if you succeeded by e.g. going to the movies, meeting friends, etc.

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https://kidtrauma.org/?page_id=2858&lang=en

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Brass recycling is the process of collecting, sorting, and reprocessing brass scrap and waste materials to produce new brass products. Brass is a valuable alloy made of copper and zinc, and recycling it is a crucial practice due to several environmental and economic benefits. People recycle brass for the following reasons: - Resource Conservation: Recycling brass helps conserve valuable natural resources, as it reduces the need for extracting and refining raw materials to produce new brass. - Energy Savings: Recycling brass requires less energy compared to the production of brass from raw materials. This leads to a significant reduction in energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions. - Waste Reduction: Recycling brass diverts waste from landfills and reduces environmental pollution. This contributes to a cleaner and healthier environment. - Economic Benefits: Brass recycling creates job opportunities in the recycling industry and supports local economies. - Infinite Recyclability: Like aluminum, brass can be recycled repeatedly without losing its quality, making it an infinitely recyclable material. - Reducing Environmental Impact: Brass recycling reduces the negative environmental impacts of brass production, such as mining and ore processing. - Sustainability: By recycling brass, people actively participate in sustainable practices, promoting a circular economy and reducing their carbon footprint. Recycling brass is a responsible choice that individuals, businesses, and industries can make to contribute to environmental conservation and resource efficiency. By recycling brass items such as plumbing fixtures, keys, musical instruments, and cartridge casings, we can collectively make a positive impact on the planet and work towards a more sustainable future Join the movement towards a greener and more sustainable future by recycling brass with Gulf Coast Scrap Metal today! By choosing to recycle brass, you’ll be contributing to resource conservation, energy savings, waste reduction, and a cleaner environment. Let’s work together to promote responsible recycling practices and create a positive impact on our planet. Contact the Houston scrap metal expert Gulf Coast Scrap Metal at 713-868-4111 or email us at [email protected] to learn more about our brass recycling services. Together, we can make a difference and build a more sustainable world for generations to come

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https://www.gulfcoastscrapmetal.com/blog/brass-recycling/

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“Are you considering a vegetarian diet for your little ones, but not sure of the effects it may have on their growth and development? Worry not! In this blog, we’ll take a look at the impact of a vegetarian diet on children’s health and see how it can benefit them in the long run.” A vegetarian diet, when properly planned and balanced, can provide all the nutrients that children need to grow and develop healthily. In fact, studies have shown that vegetarian children tend to have a lower risk of obesity, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes compared to their non-vegetarian counterparts. However, it is important to ensure that a vegetarian diet for children includes enough protein, iron, calcium, and vitamin B12, which can be more difficult to obtain without eating animal products. These nutrients are crucial for growth, immune system function, and overall health. Protein can be obtained from plant sources such as legumes, nuts, and soy products. Iron from plant sources (known as non-heme iron) is not as easily absorbed as iron from animal sources (heme iron), so it is important to include iron-rich foods like leafy greens and fortified cereals in a child’s diet. Calcium is also important for strong bones and can be found in plant-based milks, tofu, and dark leafy greens. Vitamin B12 is typically only found in animal products, so fortified foods or supplements may be necessary for children on a vegetarian diet. It is also important to note that while a vegetarian diet can be healthy for children, it is not appropriate for every child and individual needs should be considered. Children with certain medical conditions, such as anaemia, may not be able to follow a vegetarian diet without medical supervision. In conclusion, a well-planned and balanced vegetarian diet can provide all the necessary nutrients for children to grow and develop healthily. However, it is important to ensure that the diet includes enough protein, iron, calcium, and vitamin B12 to meet their needs. Consulting a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian can help ensure that a vegetarian diet is safe and appropriate for your child.

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https://biofitnerd.com/index.php/the-impact-of-a-vegetarian-diet-on-childrens-health/

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How can mobile communications improve communication for people with disabilities? Communication is one of our basic needs – and possibly even more important for people with disabilities. Mobile communications today can both protect and extend the personal freedom of people with disabilities as well as give them more confidence. Using mobile phones has become a natural part of many people’s lives and something we take for granted. However, this is not necessarily the case for people with disabilities: mobile communications help them overcome the barriers their disability poses, particularly with the devices available nowadays that make their life easier and allow them to communicate with other mobile phone users. The mobile phone adapts Voice recognition software makes it easier for visually impaired and blind people to use phones: spoken commands allow them to navigate the different functions of the device and dial numbers. Some software is so developed that it can even “understand” full sentences or questions and react accordingly. Special programmes and apps – applications for smart phones – will read out text messages and transform spoken replies into text. The interplay between speech recognition and a mobile phone camera is especially helpful for blind people: software can read what the camera is pointed at, such as signs or menus. There are also mobile phones that do not have a display but a strip with little pins that make Braille characters perceptible. Hearing-impaired and deaf-mute people can also use mobile phones. Visual signals indicate incoming calls or messages. Some mobile phones allow the volume to be increased to a suitable level for a hearing aid. It is also possible to set up a wireless connection between the phone and the hearing aid via Bluetooth. Smart phones offer additional features. For instance, combining the phone’s camera and fast internet access allows deaf people to communicate in sign language via video calls. Applications for daily use People with physical or sensory limitations can download useful smart phone apps. These include applications that show routes through a city or a parking lot or restaurants and museums withdisabled access. Users can contribute their personal experience and add to the lists. Smart phone cameras can be used as a magnifying glass with the help of an app that enlarges the pictures. Apps can also translate words into sign language in a video, which is especially helpful for relatives and friends of deaf-mute and hearing-impaired people.

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http://www.izmf.de/en/content/how-can-mobile-communications-improve-communication-people-disabilities

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In music, a melody is a sequence of notes, each heard separately. The main theme is called the melody. It consists of one or more musical phrases[?], and is usually repeated throughout the song in various forms. Different musical styles use melody in different ways. For example: - In western classical music, composers introduce an initial melody and then create variations. Classical music often has several melodic layers, such as those in a fugue. Richard Wagner popularized the concept of a leitmotif: a melody associated with a certain idea, person or place. All Wikipedia text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License

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http://encyclopedia.kids.net.au/page/me/Melody

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margins that in some cases were larger than two standard deviations. The second program, ThinkerTools, also emphasizes physics as modeling and features both computer simulations and inquiry with physical materials. The curriculum (White, 1993; White and Frederiksen, 1998) teaches the physics of force and motion and is designed to be successful with students in middle school and in urban environments as well as in high school and in suburban environments. The inquiry-based curriculum engages students’ preconceptions by asking them what they think will happen when certain forces are applied to objects. Students test their ideas in a computer-simulated world and learn when their ideas hold true and when not. The observations allow students to directly challenge their ideas and to engage in a search for a theory that can adequately explain what they observe. The class functions as a research community, and students propose competing theories. They test their theories by working in groups to design and carry out experiments using both computer models and realworld materials. Finally, students come together to compare their findings and to try to reach consensus about the laws and causal models that best account for their observations. Students systematically build conceptual understanding by encountering problems that increase in complexity and difficulty. The problems are based on knowledge about typical forms of student thinking and its progression. Experiences that students encounter support the “conditionalized” kind of knowledge that experts hold, allowing students to detect patterns that novices do not see. ThinkerTools provides multiple experiences with problem solving, but the carefully controlled difficulty of problems is designed to build pattern recognition efficiently. Like the modeling method, the emphasis is on constructing and revising models and explanations, and modeling ability is acquired in the service of building a conceptual understanding of motion, gravity, friction, and the like. What is distinctive in the ThinkerTools curriculum is the addition of a “reflective assessment” component. In addition to engaging in inquiry learning, students learn to evaluate the quality of their own and others’ inquiry investigations using standards that reflect the culture and the goals of the scientific community. As with the modeling method, student achievement gains with the ThinkerTools curriculum are impressive. Students con-

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Pilobolus The Hat Thrower The sporangia grow overnight on animal dung. They are mature by early morning. The light strikes the swollen vesicle and the curvature acts like a convex lens and the light is refracted and falls on a photosensitive zone (red) at the apex of the sporangiophore just below the vesicle (yellow). Growth of the sporangiophore takes place just below the light sensitive zone on the side that receives the light signal and the sporangiophore bends towards the source of incident light (rising sun). Growth will continue until the light signal is equalized around the light sensit ve zone and the sporangiophore is facing the light source (approximately 45 degrees dependent on latitude and time!). At the same time, turgor pressure builds up in the vesicle. There is a line of weakness between the apex of the vesicle and the cap (sporangium). When the osmotic pressure of the vesicle exceeds the resistence of this line of weakness, the cap is shot off violently for a distance of up to six feet. It is shot off in a squirt of protoplasm and sticks to grass blades at some distance from the animal dung and persists on the blade until eaten by a browsing herbivore. The sporangium breaks down during the digestive process and spores are released into the gut and eventually defecated to renew the cycle.

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New research by a U.S.-U.K. team that included SMU archaeology student Metin Eren assaults the long-held notion that Neanderthals went extinct because their stone tools were inferior to those made by Homo sapiens. Researchers at Southern Methodist University and the University of Exeter report in the “Journal of Human Evolution” that the early stone tool technologies of Neanderthals were as good as, and sometimes even more efficient, than those of Homo sapiens. The story, “Complexity of Neanderthal tools,” was posted online Aug. 26 by BBC News. The article quotes Eren, lead author on the study, as saying that technologically the research found no clear advantage between the tools of Homo sapiens versus the tools used by Neanderthals. “When we think of Neanderthals, we need to stop thinking in terms of ‘stupid’ or ‘less advanced’ and more in terms of ‘different,’” Eren is quoted. “Early stone tools developed by our species Homo sapiens were no more sophisticated than those used by our extinct relatives the Neanderthals. That is the conclusion of researchers who recreated and compared tools used by these ancient human groups. The findings cast doubt on suggestions that more advanced stone technologies gave modern humans a competitive edge over the Neanderthals. The work by a US-British team appears in the Journal of Human Evolution. The researchers recreated wide stone tools called “flakes,” which were used by both Neanderthals and early modern humans. They also reconstructed “blades” — a narrower stone tool later adopted by Homo sapiens. Some archaeologists often use the development of stone blades and their assumed efficiency as evidence for the superior intellect of our species. The team analysed the data to compare the number of tools produced, how much cutting edge was created, the efficiency in consuming raw material and how long tools lasted. They found no statistical difference in the efficiency of the two stone technologies.” SMU News: Neanderthals were not ‘stupid’ Journal of Human Evolution: Article University of Exeter: Press release Department of Anthropology Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences

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This is a summary. To read the whole story subscribe to BostonGlobe.com The Curiosity rover has tasted Mars’ air: It is made mostly of carbon dioxide with hints of other gases. The measurements by the most advanced spacecraft to land on the red planet closely match what the twin Viking landers detected in the late 1970s and what scientists have gleaned from Martian meteorites, rock fragments that fell to Earth. Mars’ atmosphere is overwhelmingly dominated by carbon dioxide, unlike Earth’s air, which is a mix of nitrogen and oxygen. There was a small surprise: while Viking found nitrogen to be the second most abundant gas in the Martian air, Curiosity’s measurements revealed a nearly equal abundance of nitrogen and argon, a stable noble gas.

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A Library Primer (1899)/Chapter LI |←Chapter L, Children's room||A Library Primer by Chapter LI, Schoolroom libraries |Chapter LII, Children's home libraries→| "Schoolroom library" is the term commonly applied to a small collection, usually about 50v., of books placed on an open shelf in a schoolroom. In a good many communities these libraries have been purchased and owned by the board of education, or the school authorities, whoever they may be. If they are the property of the school board they commonly remain in the schoolroom in which they are placed. As the children in that room are changed each year, and as the collections selected for the different grades are usually different, the child as he passes through the rooms comes into close contact with a new collection each year. There are some advantages in having the ownership and control of these libraries remain entirely in the hands of the school board and the superintendent. The library, however, is generally the place in the community in which is to be found the greatest amount of information about books in general, the purchasing of them, the proper handling of them in fitting them for the shelves, cataloging, binding, etc., and the selection of those best adapted to young people. It is quite appropriate therefore, that, as is in many cities the case, the public library should supply the schools with these schoolroom libraries from its own shelves, buying therefor special books and often many copies of the same book. If schoolroom libraries do come from the public library, they can with very little difficulty be changed several times during the school year. With a little care on the part of the librarian and teachers, the collection of any given room can be by experience and observation better and better adapted to the children in that room as time goes on. There are many ways of using the schoolroom library. The books forming it should stand on open shelves accessible to the pupils whenever the teacher gives permission. They may be lent to the children to take home. Thus used they often lead both children and parents to read more and better books than before, and to use the larger collections of the public library. They may be used for collateral reading in the schoolroom itself. Some of them may be read aloud by the teacher. They may serve as a reference library in connection with topics in history, geography, science, and other subjects. Wherever introduced these libraries have been very successful.

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Who were these people? The people who built Wupatki and other pueblos here were ancestors of the Hopi, Zuni, and other puebloan peoples of today. Archeologists recognize different cultural traditions based on differences in pottery styles and architecture. According to these classifications, most of the monument’s sites are called Kayenta Ancestral Puebloan; others are Cohonina, and Sinagua. But these are modern terms. We don’t know what people called themselves or how different groups related to each other. Where did people get their water? Wupatki spring, just 100 meters from Wupatki Pueblo, is now dry, but it once produced about 500 gallons per day. They also collected and stored rainwater by placing ollas (large jars) under rock overhangs and roofs, and by modifying natural reservoirs where water collected after heavy rains. Was the climate different back then? Was there more rain? The Southwest experiences cyclical periods of drought and increased moisture, but conditions were pretty much the same as today. Average rainfall is about 8”, most of which falls during the summer monsoon. Dendrochronology (tree ring studies) tells us that conditions were warm and relatively wet at the beginning of the main occupation, but after 1167, the weather became colder and drier. What did they eat? They grew about half their diet – corn, beans, squash, and gourds - in fields and gardens. They also collected wild seeds and grains (Indian rice grass, bee weed, amaranth), and spring greens, and hunted pronghorn, deer, rabbits, lizards, and the rodents that came to their fields. Are excavations going on today? Not often. Archeologists mostly monitor sites to make sure they are not being damaged. Most research today uses non-destructive methods, in order to preserve information for the future.

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THE Inca civilisation was built on llama muck, an analysis of lake mud suggests. The dung allowed prehistoric South Americans to cultivate maize, stop hunter-gathering and settle as farmers. Good yields gave them time for mining metals, developing a civilisation - and building an empire. Analysis of pollen in mud cores from the bed of a lake near the Andean fortress city of Ollantaytambo, Peru, reveals that, there at least, the agricultural revolution happened very quickly, some 2700 years ago. Previously, people seem to have dined mostly on wild foods such as quinoa, but around that time the pollen record shows a sudden shift to maize, says Alex Chepstow-Lusty of the French Institute of Andean Studies in Lima, Peru. A temporarily warmer climate probably helped the first maize farmers, but so did llama ...

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MIT researchers are exploring a new technology funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the National Science Foundation, which they call a thermopower wave, that may convert chemical energy to fuel cells for micro-machines, sensors and emergency communication beacons. "We envision these thermopower wave devices enabling a new generation of energy sources by providing more power -- as much as ten times -- than smaller commercial batteries," said Dr. Michael Strano, MIT associate professor of chemical engineering. Nextbigfuture covered the technical details and science behind thermopower waves before. The waves may form the basis of new types of fuel cells that convert condensed liquid fuel into electrical energy in a continuous manner. A major challenge that the researchers faced was activating the devices without using too much energy. As a result, they explored different methods, including lasers, electrical sparks and direct heating from a resistor before they discovered the thermopower wave. As they refine their mathematical decription of the waves, the scientists are looking forward to exploring ways to develop thermopower wave devices that can use transportation fuels such as ethanol or formic acid. "Another important step for the researchers is to develop refueling systems that can cover the CNTs with more fuel so that the devices can be used more than once," Strano said. "This will greatly expand their potential applications." If you liked this article, please give it a quick review on Reddit, or StumbleUpon. Thanks How to Make Money

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On March 17, 2013, NASA's Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) acquired synthetic aperture radar data over the Napo River in Ecuador and Peru. The image colors indicate the likelihood of inundation (flooding) beneath the forest canopy, which is difficult to determine using traditional optical sensors. Red and yellow shades indicate a high likelihood of standing water with emergent vegetation, blue and green shades are areas less likely to be inundated, and black indicates the open water areas of the Napo River. These data, which have already been transmitted to a field team working along the Napo River, will be used to guide field measurements during a second observation by UAVSAR on March 31, 2013. The image is a 8.7-mile-wide by 5.6-mile-long (14-kilometer-wide by 9-kilometer-long) segment of an image measuring more than 124 miles (200 kilometers) long. North is toward the upper right. The resolution is 20 feet (6 meters). UAVSAR data like these are helping scientists assess the effectiveness of using synthetic aperture radar data to study the inundation dynamics of this and similar rivers around the world. UAVSAR is part of NASA's ongoing effort to apply space-based technologies, ground-based techniques and complex computer models to advance our understanding of Earth deformation processes, such as those caused by earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides. UAVSAR is also serving as a flying test bed to evaluate the tools and technologies for future space-based radars, such as those planned for a NASA Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mission currently in formulation. That mission will study hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides, as well as global environmental change. For more information on UAVSAR, visit http://uavsar.jpl.nasa.gov/.

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View your list of saved words. (You can log in using Facebook.) Mythological or legendary figure, often of divine descent, who is endowed with great strength or ability, like the heroes celebrated in early epics such as Gilgamesh, The Iliad, Beowulf, or the Chanson de Roland. Usually illustrious warriors or adventurers, heroes are often represented as fulfilling a quest (e.g., Aeneas, in Virgil's Aeneid, founding the Roman state, or Beowulf ridding his people of the monstrous Grendel and his mother). Heroes often possess special qualities such as unusual beauty, precocity, and skills in many crafts. Often inclined to boasting and foolhardiness, they defy pain and death to live fully, creating a moment's glory that survives in the memory of their descendants. This entry comes from Encyclopædia Britannica Concise. For the full entry on hero, visit Britannica.com.

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High Quality Data Use High Quality Data to monitor cohort progress, identify struggling students, inform effective interventions, and provide accountability for overall progress. High-quality data is required to promote academic success for all young people regardless of their unique backgrounds, strengths, and postsecondary pathways. Data is much more than test scores and should include data on absenteeism, student perceptions of the school environment, and other measures of college and career readiness. Any effort to increase the graduation rate must be informed by student-level data that tells the story of how students are progressing through high school, identifies barriers to success, and what it takes to get them back on track to graduation. Relatedly, all stakeholders have an interest in continuing to improve the integrity and accuracy of graduation rate data. - District can be used data to identify indicators that accurately depict whether a student is college and/or career ready to take early action in making sure students ready for life beyond high school. - Data can be used to tailor instruction to the skill needs of individuals, specific subgroups of students, and at-risk youth, particularly at critical transition years, such as middle school to high school and high school to college. - School leaders and policymakers can use data to organize the school to meet the unique needs of at-risk students

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Elements of Love vocabulary worksheet This is an English language exercise introducing and exploring the vocabulary and common expressions used to talk about love and romance. Students try to match the vocabulary with the appropriate pictures. This can be followed up by a speaking activity in which students have to explain what is happening in each of the pictures. Click on the image below or the link .to download the printable PDF file.

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1. What do you notice about the time interval between the arrival of P and S waves at the three different seismograph stations? What causes these differences? Using the known distance to the epicenter from three different locations, circles with radii of the indicated distance are drawn around each of the recording cities. The place where the three circles intersect is the epicenter location. ! Click the buttons for each city below the graphic to show a circle indicating the distance to the epicenter. The intersection of the three circles is the epicenter location. The three circles intersect near the city of Loma Prieta, California, so Loma Prieta was the epicenter of the earthquake. Thus, the World Series earthquake is also known as the Loma Prieta earthquake.

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Seven times a day someone in this country dies in a home fire. Heating fires are the second leading cause of home fires in the United States and occur often as cold weather sets in and people turn on their heating system. Heating one’s home through the winter can be expensive. Because of the cost, almost half of the families in the United States use alternate heating sources such as space heaters, fireplaces, or coal or wood stoves to stay warm. These supplemental heating sources can be dangerous if not used properly. The Red Cross offers the following safety tips on how to prevent fires: • Keep all potential sources of fuel like paper, clothing, bedding, curtains or rugs at least three feet away from space heaters, stoves, or fireplaces. • Portable heaters and fireplaces should never be left unattended. Turn off space heaters and make sure any embers in the fireplace are extinguished before going to bed or leaving home. • If you must use a space heater, place it on a level, hard and nonflammable surface (such as ceramic tile floor), not on rugs or carpets or near bedding or drapes. Keep children and pets away from space heaters. • When buying a space heater, look for models that shut off automatically if the heater falls over as another safety measure. • Never use a cooking range or oven to heat your home. • Keep fire in your fireplace by using a glass or metal fire screen large enough to catch sparks and rolling logs. • Have wood and coal stoves, fireplaces, chimneys, and furnaces professionally inspected and cleaned once a year.

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In the neck region the airway (larynx) and the passage (esophagus) for food, drink and so on are near each other. If food and other material accidentally go into the airway death from airway obstruction can result. The epiglottis is a flexible flap of tissue that prevents food and other material from going into the airway during swallowing. Due to for example, bacterial infection, the epiglottis and adjacent tissues can become (inflamed) swollen and red – cherry red epiglottis. When inflamed, the epiglottis itself can obstruct the airway with fatal consequences; consequently visualizing the cherry red epiglottis should only be done for instance in an operating theatre with airway management specialists in attendance. Vaccination with the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine helps prevent epiglottitis (inflammation of the epiglottis) and other diseases caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. ReferenceHung TY et al. Bedside ultrasonography as a safe and effective tool to diagnose acute epiglottitis. Am J Emerg Med, 2011, 29(3):359.e1-3. Go to reference Go to Improbable version of this post

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From medieval times onwards there were close connections between the Gaelic and other European cultures. Gaelic scholars were learned in the Christian writings and also in ancient culture - classical texts were translated into Irish. It seems likely that Gaelic music theory was based on classical theory as transmitted by Boethius. The early history of the harp in Europe is obscure but there seem to have been harps played in Scotland and Ireland from early times. In later centuries we have more concrete evidence of Gaelic harpers working abroad, especially in the 17th century when they were employed in the Royal courts in London, Denmark, Spain, and Poland for example.

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Besides creating academic challenges, ADHD also affects social skills. Student may have trouble controlling their emotions, and younger kids especially may have difficulty keeping their hands to themselves. They might not interpret social cues effectively. They could also struggle with conversational skills. These challenges often cause students with ADHD to have difficulty making and keeping friends. As a teacher, you can help by providing a positive learning environment. You can also teach, show, and support appropriate behavior in the following ways:

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- Students compare two different quadratic, square root, or cube root functions represented as graphs, tables, or equations. They interpret, contextualize and abstract various scenarios to complete the comparative analysis. Resources may contain links to sites external to the EngageNY.org website. These sites may not be within the jurisdiction of NYSED and in such cases NYSED is not responsible for its content. |A.CED.2||Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph...| |F.IF.6||Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a...| |F.IF.7.b||Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and...|

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We have a very exciting topic after Christmas.. Footsteps From The Past! We will be learning about ALL of this! - About the different time periods when dinosaurs lived - How to make a time line - About fossil hunters from around the world - About different ideas to explain why the dinosaurs died out - What the Earth looked like millions of years ago - Where to look for dinosaur bones - What a fossil is and how a fossil is formed - How to make a dinosaur fossil - How to find out what dinosaurs looked like - What dinosaurs ate - How to sort and classify dinosaurs - About the other animals and plants that lived at the same time as the dinosaurs - About how artists draw dinosaurs - How to make a sculpture of a dinosaur How to make reptile-skin patterns Check back to see what we get up to!

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Dental sealants are placed to prevent tooth decay. A dental sealant is a thin material that is painted on the chewing surfaces of the permanent molars and premolars (back teeth), where decay occurs most often. The sealant quickly bonds into the pits and fissures (depressions and grooves) of the teeth, forming a protective shield over the enamel of each tooth. Pits and fissures are often times difficult to keep clean because a toothbrush bristle cannot reach into them. The sealant acting as a protective shield over pits and fissures helps keep the plaque and food out, thus decreasing the chances of decay. Placing a dental sealant is quick, and there is no discomfort. First, the dentist or assistant conditions the chewing surface to help the sealant adhere to the tooth. Next they apply the sealant to the enamel. As long as the sealant remains intact, it will help protect the tooth from decay. Sealants normally hold up well and can last for years.

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Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work! Kiln, oven for firing, drying, baking, hardening, or burning a substance, particularly clay products but originally also grain and meal. The brick kiln was a major advance in ancient technology because it provided a stronger brick than the primitive sun-dried product. Modern kilns are used in ceramics to fire clay and porcelain objects, in metallurgy for roasting iron ores, for burning lime and dolomite, and in making portland cement. They may be lined with firebrick or constructed entirely of heat-resistant alloys. There are two types of kilns: those in which the materials come into contact with the flames and those in which the furnace is underneath or surrounding the heated enclosure. Lime kilns are of the first group, and brick and pottery kilns are of the second, which also includes places for drying such materials as hops. Learn More in these related Britannica articles: traditional ceramics: Kiln operationAfter careful drying to remove evaporable water, clay-based ceramics undergo gradual heating to remove structural water, to decompose and burn off any organic binders used in forming, and to achieve consolidation of the ware. Batches of specialty products, produced in smaller volumes, are… pottery: Drying, turning, and firing…pottery is fired in a kiln. In early pottery making, the objects were simply stacked in a shallow depression or hole in the ground, and a pyre of wood was built over them. Later, coal- or wood-fired ovens became almost universal. In the 20th century both gas and electricity were… construction: Bronze Age and early urban cultures…time, and the techniques of kiln-firing were applied to bricks, which were made of the same clay. Because of their cost in labour and fuel, fired bricks were used at first only in areas of greater wear, such as pavements or the tops of walls subject to weathering. They were…

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Speech / Language Delays If a child's brain is not processing sound properly, they may exhibit: Difficulty with articulation (speaking clearly) Difficulty with expressive language Difficulty recognizing sound patterns Reluctance to engage in conversation Trouble telling stories Many speech language problems are related to poor language processing skills. Strong language processing skills occur when the brain receives clear auditory signals. The sooner a child who struggles with speech and language can develop strong processing and listening skills, the sooner their speech and language issues will be resolved. PATHWAYS specializes in the administration of programs that significantly improve auditory and phonological processing skill deficits. The programs we use are one of the most widely used speech/language programs in the world. Language Delay Treatment The speech therapy programs we use help children to develop strong language procesing skiils. These programs are in wide use around the world by Speech and Language Pathologists. The programs are adaptive and target all areas that pertain to expressive language including: Participation in conversation. Improved processing improves receptive language skills, effectively slowing conversation and teacher instruction down, making it easier to participate. Significant vocabulary gains. Because your child will be able to listen more accurately, more words will be absorbed and then used. This applies particularly to longer words and words with blends — both of which will be easier to pick up — and words relating to intangibles, that without a concrete item to point to, were hard for a child with processing difficulties to pick up. Improved articulation. Improved listening will help your child hear the sounds inside words more clearly, leading to better pronunciation. Conversational skills, relating a story. Fast ForWord can eventually help children with speech delays learn how to relate a story, in sequence and with detail. Improved listening will allow a child to improve the ability to hear how others communicate, and over time this will translate into better communication skills, although given the integration with other aspects — reasoning, knowledge, perception — improvements in communication, relating a story in particular, will occur more slowly over the year or so after completing our online speech software. If your child's speech / language delay is related to poor language processing skills, we can help. If your child's speech problems have an anatomical origin, you will require the guidance of a speech language pathologist and we are happy to give you some referrals.

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A 1935 promotional map for Pacific Greyhound shows the long reach of the bus company, when its regular schedules were combined with routes of regional affiliates. Printed a few decades after the founding of the company that would become Greyhound, the map shows how quickly Americans took to the idea of interstate bus service. In a history of Greyhound published in Mental Floss, Gary Belsky writes that it was an older transit industry—the railroads—that gave buses a lift in the 1920s. Analyzing a post-WWI dip in ticket sales, railroads found that people who would previously have ridden a train were either buying cars or, if they couldn’t afford a train ticket, taking regional buses. By investing in buses and combining routes, railroad companies retained passengers. During the 1930s, appearances of Greyhound busses in popular culture put the mode of travel in the public eye. In It Happened One Night, characters played by Clark Gable and Claudette Colbert meet on a Greyhound bus. While the pair’s experience was sometimes less than smooth (in one scene, the coach gets mired in the mud), the romantic tone of the movie made travel on a Greyhound look appealing. The border of this map, featuring the notable attractions of the United States represented in dignified black and white, echoes this positive vision of bus travel. I first saw this map in an exhibit about maps and American culture on the Digital Public Library of America’s website. Click on the image or visit the map’s page on the David Rumsey Map Collection’s website to zoom.

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Our mathematics curriculum enables all pupils to become fluent with mathematical processes and operations. Children have the opportunity to understand, apply and deepen their ability to recall facts and complete appropriate age related knowledge and skills through, practical enquiries, over practice and applying knowledge in a wide range of scenarios. Children will be able to reason by following a line of enquiry, conjecturing relationships and generalisations, and developing an argument, justification or proof using mathematical skills and language. We want pupils to solve problems by applying their knowledge to a variety of one-step and two-step problems. Pupils will reason problems with increasing sophistication, including breaking down problems into a series of simpler steps and persevering to find solutions. To support your child at home use the following links which have lots of games and activities to do together supporting what they do in class: Below are a list of websites that you may find useful for at home activities: First4Maths http://www.first4maths.co.uk/product-category/free-resources/ Creative Maths at home for each year group TT Rockstars https://ttrockstars.com/home Primary Games https://www.primarygames.com/ Maths Shed https://www.mathshed.com/en-gb Maths Zone https://mathszone.co.uk/ BBC Bitesize https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize ITC Games https://www.ictgames.com/ Top Marks https://www.topmarks.co.uk/ Math Playground https://www.mathplayground.com/ AAA Math https://www.aaamath.com/ A Maths Dictionary for Kids http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com/ I Love Maths games https://www.ilovemathsgames.com/ Maths is Fun https://www.mathsisfun.com/

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These quires of the codex of our homo modernus are dedicated to the craft of marking text with symbols rather than with words. It was fairly common in the early Middle Ages that users annotated books. We may shirk at such a behaviour today as rude, but the truth is that the margins of a medieval codex were often the prime space where readers interacted with the text. Because of this medieval habit, we have many types of marginalia that we can study to understand the medieval mind. This was roughly the objective of the Marginal Scholarship project, which run at the Huygens Institute in The Hague in 2011-2016. As a part of this project, your humble narrator studied the practice of annotation of medieval books by means of special technical signs – the notae. At least 70 such annotation symbols were current in Late Antiquity (c. 300 – c. 600) and in the early Middle Ages (c. 600 – c. 1000), and these are naturally just two of the historical periods, in which parchment manuscripts were produced and read! The function and meaning of many of these symbols is no longer understood today because they fell out of use already during the Middle Ages or in the early Modern period. It was my task to try and understand how were they used, who used them, whether there were any annotation symbols specific to certain regions, periods or communities, and, if it was possible, what purpose they had. If you are curious to know all about these notae, you can read my book. If you want a quick overview of the most commonly used early medieval symbols, check out this handy cheat sheet. In the future, I hope to add here more about individual notae, their histories, and perhaps even publish the ever-growing database of interesting manuscripts annotated with technical signs.

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Green Tips Day – Tips to Help Kids to Waste Less Food! A family that has children are more likely to waste more food than others. These tips will also help you save money and give kids the tools they need to grow up to value food. - Plan for one week meals – Plan ahead not just reduce waste, it also reduce unnecessary extra trips to the grocer, save time and gas. - Limit per meal snacking – Control your children’s snacking when it’s approaching dinner time. It will fill up their tummy too much to eat a normal portion during dinner, increasing chances of food wasting. - Measure food waste challenge – Take up a challenge with kids to measure how much food waste per week and figure out how to reduce the food waste. If succeed, a reward will be granted. It is fun and meaningful at the same time. - Make food easy to eat – Your kids always toss away half-eaten apple or banana? Cut fruits into bite-size pieces in order to share among all family members. - Naming the fruits with interesting names – Having fun with food might help your kids to eat more of what’s on their plates. Give names like “Super Banana Gun” or “Ninja Apple”. - Prepare appropriate portion – If the children are too young, help serve them little amount and add on later if not enough. Let older children to serve themselves. Encourage them to take small amount and add on. Kids will learn how to gauge appropriate amount of food this way. - Teach them about the value of food – It is good to teach them the value of food since young, there are few activities you can do to teach them such as: visit farm and learn about of crops and animals, tell them how hard a farmer works to process the crops; plant herbs together; cook a meal together; discuss the cost of food during grocery; explain where the food waste go to when we throw it away; start a compost bin. #greenyards2u #greentipsday #tipstohelpkidstowastelessfood #greentips #foodwaste #kids

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There are many variations of where this custom started, here are just a couple… Legend claims that in the eighth century, Saint Boniface of Germany found a group of pagans worshipping an oak tree, he was angered by this and had it cut down. Almost immediately a small fir tree sprang up from the center of the oak stump reaching the sky. Saint Boniface then told the onlookers that it was a holy tree because it was evergreen, symbolising everlasting life. Another claim is that Ancient Egyptians decorated their homes with green palm branches which symbolized life’s triumph over death. Whilst Romans decorated their homes during the winter months with evergreens to celebrate the festival of Saturnalia, honouring Saturnus the god of Farming. Some believe that in 1500, whilst Martin Luther was walking through a snowy woods in Germany, he saw the reflection of the stars and the moonlight on the landscape and evergreen trees and went home and placed candles on a small tree in his house in an attempt to show his children the majesty surrounding Christ’s birth. However, the first written proof of use of a Christmas tree originates from the sixteenth century in Germany. It states that a tree was used as a prop in a play about Adam and Eve and adorned with apples, to celebrate the feast of Adam on 24th December. Thus people started decorating a paradise tree changing apples to wafers, symbolizing the host, and eventually the wafers were replaced with cookies. Traditionally Christmas trees were not brought in and decorated until Christmas eve and then removed the day after twelfth night (5 January) as to have a tree up before or after these dates was considered bad luck.

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Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is one of the most widespread, persistent and devastating human rights violations in our world today remains largely unreported due to the impunity, silence, stigma and shame surrounding it. The United Nations General Assembly has designated November 25 as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. This day aims to raise awareness of the fact that women around the world are subject to rape, physical violence and other forms of gender-based violence. Historically, this day is based on November 25, 1960, the day on which the Mirabal sisters, Dominican activists, were murdered. Over the years, various states have developed campaigns aimed at the protection of women as in Australia. Marches attracted hundreds of participants in Bogota, Paris, and Rome. Thousands marched in San José, Costa Rica and Lima. Over 1,000 Turkish protesters turned out for a banned march in Istanbul; police cut off the end of the march and dispersed the marchers peacefully. According to the organizers, around 150 thousand of participants in Rome for the third Non Una Di Meno march for the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women and against Pillon decree, which took place from Piazza della Repubblica to Piazza San Giovanni. Among the participants, the former president of the Chamber of Deputies, Laura Boldrini. This day therefore has a fundamental role to play in the fight against gender-based violence and it is very important to continue to bring active campaigns and initiatives to eliminate this phenomenon from society and protect women around the world.

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During the period when much of mainland Europe was devastated by invasions, war, and the collapse of the Roman Empire, Christianity flourished in the parts of Britain where Celtic peoples lived. Monasteries became centers for learning and spirituality, beacons of civilization in an age when much of mainland Europe was devastated by invasions and war (for an entertaining history of this era, read Thomas Cahill’s How the Irish Saved Civilization (Hinges of History). Ireland in particular experienced a period of extraordinary cultural, artistic, and religious growth. Living on the edge of the known world and spared Roman invasion, Irish Christians embraced the Christianity brought to them by St. Patrick and other missionaries, forging a vibrant and creative spirituality that attracted followers from throughout Europe. Celtic Christianity had a number of distinctive features. Its hallmarks included a deep love for nature, an emphasis on the constant presence of God, and an artistic renaissance that included beautiful illuminated manuscripts, carved High Crosses, and lyrical prayers and hymns. The Book of Kells, a lavishly illustrated version of the Gospels now at Trinity College in Dublin, is regarded as one of the most exquisite pieces of religious art in the world. - Book of Kells - Celtic Blessings - Celtic High Crosses - Celtic View of Pilgrimage - The Celtic Knot As Metaphor - Main page for Celtic Christian Sites

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UK Registered Charity Number: 1154107 Conservation by Re-use Helping churches acquire surplus and/or redundant bells to be hung for English-style full-circle bell-ringing. Sound of Bells – Decay & Timbre A musical instrument is usually classified as either Wind, String or Percussion. The figure shows the first six harmonics of a vibrating string. The relative amplitudes of the harmonics will depend on how the string is set into vibration (plucking, bowing or striking) the position and strength of the applied force. The table shows part of the harmonic series for several different wind and string instruments. An open-ended organ pipe (flue pipe) generates the full harmonic series (frequency ratios 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 etc.). An organ pipe closed at one end will only generate odd harmonics (frequency ratios 1 : 3 : 5 : 7 etc.). The second column of the table shows that harmonics of Wind and String instruments have a simple mathematical relationship to the lowest pitch or 1st harmonic. The First Six Harmonics of a Vibrating String Harmonic Series of Different Instruments |Rings of bells| |Bell-frames & fittings| |The Sound of Bells| |ex-Trinity House buoy bells| |Relocating Redundant Church Bells| |UK Bell-founders & hangers|

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Capsizing or keeling over occurs when a boat or ship is turned on its side or it is upside down in the water. The act of reversing a capsized vessel is called righting. If a capsized vessel has enough flotation to prevent sinking, it may recover on its own if it is not stable inverted. Vessels of this design are called self-righting. #PilotBoat #Capsize #LifeBoat

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The circular economy is an emerging economic model that aims to minimize waste and maximize the value of products and materials by reusing, repairing, or recycling them. Unlike the traditional linear model (extract, produce, consume, dispose), the circular economy is based on the principle of the closed loop, where waste is transformed into resources and reintegrated into the production cycle. In a world where natural resources are limited and waste is constantly increasing, the circular economy offers a sustainable solution to address economic, social, and environmental challenges. Indeed, the circular economy can reduce pressure on natural resources, limit greenhouse gas emissions, and create local jobs. Many sectors of the economy can benefit from the circular economy. For example, in the manufacturing industry, the reuse of materials can reduce production costs and improve profitability. In agriculture, the reuse of organic waste can improve soil quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In the construction sector, the reuse of materials can reduce demolition and construction costs and improve building quality. However, the circular economy requires close cooperation between businesses, governments, consumers, and local communities. Businesses need to design products and systems that are durable and easily reusable or recyclable. Governments need to create policies and incentives to promote the circular economy and support businesses that adopt this approach. Consumers need to be encouraged to adopt sustainable behaviors and choose reusable or recyclable products. Finally, local communities need to be involved in waste collection and management and in the creation of local solutions for the circular economy. In conclusion, the circular economy is an innovative and sustainable approach to address the economic, social, and environmental challenges of the 21st century. By adopting this approach, we can reduce pressure on natural resources, limit greenhouse gas emissions, and create local jobs. It is time for businesses, governments, consumers, and local communities to work together to build a more sustainable future for all. Is your company considering a circular economy project? Contact us toll free : 1 833-280-2828

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Copper wire is a type of electrical conductor made from the metal copper. It is widely used in various applications, including electrical wiring, telecommunications, electronics, and power transmission. Copper wire is preferred for its excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and resistance to corrosion. The wire is typically made by drawing copper rods or bars through a series of dies to reduce their diameter, resulting in a long, continuous strand of copper wire. The diameter of the wire can vary depending on its intended use, ranging from very thin wires used in electronics to thicker wires used in power transmission. Copper wire is chosen for electrical applications because copper is an excellent conductor of electricity. It allows electric current to flow with minimal resistance, which helps minimise power loss and maximise the efficiency of electrical systems. Copper wire also has high thermal conductivity, which means it can effectively dissipate heat generated during the transmission of electrical current. Copper wire is highly malleable, making it easy to shape and bend into desired configurations. It is also ductile, allowing it to be drawn into thin wires without breaking. These characteristics make copper wire versatile and suitable for various applications. For more information on copper wire please check out our comprehensive guide

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Several modes of coral reef growth are found along the edge of Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR), determined by the morphology and slope of the shelf edge, especially between −50 m and −100 m, and the velocity of tidal currents near the surface. The simplest forms are the flood tide deltaic reefs and ribbon reefs of the far north. The shelf margin of the central GBR is characterized by lines of submerged reefs that continue on the ocean (northeastern) side of the Pompey Reefs, which are the largest and most complex in the entire GBR. Combining interpretations of reef evolution from the simpler marginal reefs with data collected from the Pompey Complex, a model of evolution on a stepped continental shelf margin is developed, involving initiation as ribbon reefs, formation of both ebb and flood tide deltas (which have formed the foundation for further reef growth), and incorporation of at least one line of previously submerged reefs on the open ocean side by progradation of the deltaic structures to form large lagoonal reefs. Although the reefs cover a smaller area than the extensive reefs of the continental shelf, which could have grown only at higher Quaternary sea levels, the smaller area of shelf-marginal reefs may contain a longer record of coral growth than that of the better-known shelf reefs.

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Views: 12 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2021-11-20 Origin: Site A lathe is a very useful machine. By turning the workpiece, one is able to make symmetrical or balanced parts. Everything from simple wood bowls to complex engine crankshafts can be turned on a lathe. Lathes are a major tool in the machinist trade, as well as woodwork and automotive applications. Lathes have many different applications in an industrial setting. Whether working wooden table legs to constructing baseball trophy top pieces, a lathe exists for almost every type of material. The following table details a few of the applications. Woodturning: Used to make wooden objects such as ornate table legs, baseball bats, wooden bowl, and platters; operators use a variety of tools to form. Metalworking: Used to create precision parts; most often associated with a multistep process requiring different tools for each step. Metal Spinning: A process where metal spins on a spindle, while the operator works it with tools; an automated process. Acrylic Spinning: Involves spinning acrylic on a spindle to form items from acrylic; most often used in the making of the top pieces for trophies. Thermal Spraying: Combines the rotating spindle with the painting process; the paint sticks to the stock via processes involving heating the paint materials.

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The cycad Cycas revoluta is a palm-like plant that grows on rocky coastal cliffs in the sub-tropics and tropics. It has a symbiotic relationship with the Nostoc species of bacteria that can convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into ammonia, which the host plant can then use for its growth. Scientists knew that cycad roots produce a compound that can induce Nostoc species within the soil to transform into their motile form, hormogonia, and attracting them to the roots. However, nobody has determined what exactly the compound is. In the current study published in the journal Scientific Reports, agricultural chemist Yasuyuki Hashidoko and colleagues at Hokkaido University investigated an extract made from the "coralloid roots" of C. revoluta plants. These are specialized roots that branch out from the plant's main root system. They found that the extract was able to trigger the transformation of Nostoc bacteria into hormogonia. Further analyses revealed the main active elements present in the extract were a mixture of diacylglycerols; typical compounds contained in plants that are composed of two fatty acid chains linked together. The team tested each of the diacylglycerols for their abilities to act as hormogonia-inducing factors (HIF), and found that 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol showed pronounced HIF-like activity on the bacteria. The investigations also enabled the researchers to theorize which specific changes to fatty acid chain segments led to the compounds having more, less, or no HIF-like activity. "These findings appear to indicate that some common diacylglycerols act as hormogonium-inducing signal for Nostoc cyanobacteria, enabling them to move and transfer to host plants," the researchers conclude. "Since the bacteria can provide host plants nitrogen to help them grow, better understanding of the system could someday lead to more efficient, less fertilizer-dependent agricultural production." Cite This Page:

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Femmes Fatales: How German Women Used Femininity for Evil During World War II As nurses, spouses, or secretaries, German women in the east were helpmeets. A new book examines their roles in the Holocaust. We know from witness testimony, and the work of historians, that though there were a handful of women among the most notoriously violent Nazi camp guards and bureaucrats, for the most part, German women were absent from Nazi positions of power. That might lead us to conclude that they were not active participants in the genocide that took place. In Hitler’s Furies, historian Wendy Lower tells us such a conclusion is wrong. She argues that many young women seeking opportunity during the war headed to the eastern territories where the vast majority of the killing took place. There they took on essential roles as teachers, nurses, secretaries, and wives and lovers. In those capacities, they were not only aiding in the Final Solution but also witnessing it, and in some cases committing acts of violence themselves. Lower joins Vox Tablet host Sara Ivry to discuss why young German women working in social welfare roles headed to the east, what sort of research was required to uncover the stories of women who wanted to put their pasts behind them, and how her findings about the importance of women in domestic roles complicate our traditional understanding of genocidal systems. An American explains why she’s flying halfway around the world to join Women of the Wall for their 25th anniversary Kotel prayer group

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Served as United States Minister to Great Britain and is largely responsible for Great Britain and France's failure to recognize the Confederacy. Charles was the son of John Quincy Adams. Both the son and the grandson of Presidents, Charles Francis Adams possessed the political gene that drove him into public service. He was born on August 18, 1807, in Boston, Massachusetts. The young Adams traveled to St. Petersburg, Russia, with his parents, where his father was the U. S. Minister to Russia for the Madison administration. In 1825, Charles Francis graduated from Harvard University, after which he entered the legal profession, being admitted to the bar in early 1829. In 1831, Adams was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives and later to the State Senate where he served from 1835 until 1840. In 1846, Adams founded the Boston Whig Party. In 1848, he was the Vice-presidential running mate with Martin Van Buren on the Free-Soil ticket, coming in third behind Zachary Taylor (Whig) and Lewis Call (Democrat). Adams was elected to Congress in 1858 and again in 1860, but in May 1861 he resigned his seat to become Abraham Lincoln’s Minister to England, in which capacity he served until May 1868. While in England, he became entangled in the Trent Affair, when the U. S. Navy vessel San Jacinto, commanded by Captain Charles Wilkes, violated British neutrality by taking two Confederate commissioners, John Slidell and James M. Mason, off the Trent. After the Trent Affair was resolved, Adams spent his time looking for any instances where the British might be violating their neutrality by aiding the Confederates. He believed that Britain did violate her neutrality by building ships and providing arms for the Confederate Navy, and he vehemently opposed Britain’s aid, real and perceived, to Rafael Semmes and the CSS Alabama. Adams stayed in England until 1868 when he returned home. He died on November 21, 1886, and is buried in the Mount Wollaston Cemetery in Quincy, Massachusetts. One of Adams’s sons, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., served as an officer in the Union Army during the Civil War.

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Scientists say they have found mutations in 26 genes that may cause oesophageal cancer, a breakthrough they hope will lead to new drugs for the deadly and increasingly frequent disease. A team of experts in the United States unravelled the genetic code of tumour cells from 149 patients, which they compared to healthy cells to identify a mutation signature for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). This type of cancer of the oesophagus or gullet, the muscular tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach, has a five-year survival rate of only about 15-20 per cent. EAC often originates from a disease called Barrett's oesophagus, which in turn is caused by chronic acid reflux. Incidence of the cancer has increased by 600 per cent over the past 30 years - particularly in Western countries, according to the study. Oesophageal cancer kills about 400,000 around the world each year. Now, the biggest genetic analysis yet of this type of cancer has revealed common mutations that may be specifically targeted by new drugs. "Finding the mutations helps us understand what makes the cancer tick,'' study co-author Adam Bass of the Harvard Medical School told AFP. "It can also help us find new therapies.'' Cancer develops when a human cell's DNA is mutated so that its normal function is disrupted and it starts growing and spreading out of control. There are different causes, including obesity, smoking, exposure to the sun's UV rays or environmental pollution. Mutations of different genes have been implicated in different cancers, but there are also vast differences even among people with the same form of the disease. "We looked at which genes were mutated more frequently than would be expected by chance,'' said Bass. "Doing so, we found 26 genes that may be contributing to this cancer type.''

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The star Zeta Ophiuchi is twenty times the size of our Sun and flying blind through space. Its runaway path has taken it through a huge clump of space dust, creating this beautiful bow-shaped "wake" of gas and dust. Zeta Ophiuchi was once the companion of another, even bigger star, but its partner went supernova. This ejected Zeta Ophiuchi from its orbit, shooting it off into open space like a humongous bullet. It is now hurtling through space at 54,000 miles per hour, and the latest part of its cosmic odyssey has taken it through this dust cloud. WISE, NASA's infrared telescope, snapped this amazing image of Zeta Ophiuchi and its "bow shock." NASA experts explain what's going on here: As the star tears through space, its powerful winds push gas and dust out of its way and into what is called a bow shock. The material in the bow shock is so compressed that it glows with infrared light that WISE can see. The effect is similar to what happens when a boat speeds through water, pushing a wave in front of it. This bow shock is completely hidden in visible light. Infrared images like this one from WISE are therefore important for shedding new light on the region.

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al·lit·er·a·tion ( P ) Pronunciation Key (-lt-rshn) The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables, as in “on scrolls of silver snowy sentences” (Hart Crane). Modern alliteration is predominantly consonantal; certain literary traditions, such as Old English verse, also alliterate using vowel sounds. as·so·nance ( P ) Pronunciation Key (s-nns) Resemblance of sound, especially of the vowel sounds in words, as in: “that dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented sea” (William Butler Yeats). The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, especially in stressed syllables, with changes in the intervening consonants, as in the phrase tilting at windmills. Rough similarity; approximate agreement. How are they not alliteration?

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expert advice MORE Reading at Age Four Q: I want to begin teaching my four-year-old to read. He knows all his sounds. What are some good books for him to start off with? Software, phonics program, etc.? A: Four-year-olds learn through play and hands-on activities. Few are ready for formal reading instruction that stresses isolated skills such as the alphabet and phonics. Let your son's interest in recognizing words set the pace for the instruction that you give him. The key to preparing your child to read is in reading to him as much as you can. Use wordless books so he can read a book through the pictures before he learns to read print. Predictable books are good choices because they have patterned structures, predictable plots, and so much repetition that children can guess what is coming next and start "reading" them. Be sure also to expose your son to the traditional nursery rhymes and ABC and counting books. Read and reread these books. When you read to your child, run your finger under the words from time to time as you read them. This will teach him that you read from top to bottom and left to right and that letters form words. Soon he will be able to read some of these words. Other things that you can do to encourage your child to enjoy reading without forcing him to read are: - Taking family trips to the library. - Providing him with his own books. - Sharing a daily reading time with him. - Talking together before, during, and after reading a story. - Asking questions about what you have read together, but not making it a right or wrong answer session. - Knowing your child's attention span and not reading beyond it. More on: Expert Advice Peggy Gisler and Marge Eberts are experienced teachers who have more than 60 educational publications to their credit. They began writing books together in 1979. Careers for Bookworms was a Book-of-the-Month Club paperback selection, and Pancakes, Crackers, and Pizza received recognition from the Children's Reading Roundtable. Gisler and Eberts taught in classrooms from kindergarten through graduate school. Both have been supervisors at the Butler University Reading Center.

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After the defeat of France in June 1940, Germany moved to gain air superiority over Great Britain as a prelude to an invasion of Britain. Despite months of air attacks, Germany was not able to destroy Britain's Royal Air Force (RAF). In the fall of 1940, the invasion was indefinitely postponed. The German bombing campaign against Britain continued until May 1941. The Germans ultimately halted the air attacks primarily because of preparations for the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. Copyright © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC

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Faster, Faster: Two-Digit Addition #30 Help your second grader get a leg up on math with a little race car addition. Filled with two-digit addition problems, this worksheet is sure to boost his addition facts fluency. Kids will solve problems to find out how fast each car was moving. At the end, he'll rank his answers to find the big winner of the race. For more practice, try the rest of the Faster, Faster worksheets. Washington Virtual Academies Tuition-free online school for Washington students.

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Why Cite Sources? Giving credit to the original author of thoughts, words, and ideas is an important ethical concept. - To avoid PLAGIARISM: While a bibliography does not prevent plagiarism, it is an important tool in avoiding plagiarism. - BUILDING on research: Pertinent information is gleaned from the ideas of those who came before, and a researcher then produces new knowledge by integrating the ideas of others with her own conclusions. This is the scholarly research process. - TRACING research: According to Joseph Gibaldi, the author of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, “in presenting their work, researchers generously acknowledge their debts to predecessors by carefully documenting each source so that earlier contributions receive appropriate credit” (104). This is the basis for all scholarship. It is important that researchers give credit so readers can trace the ideas presented back to the sources. - CONTRIBUTING ideas: Your contribution, as a student, to disciplinary knowledge is the unique ways you interpret and synthesize the words, thoughts, and ideas of authorities. In fact, giving credit to experts and authoritative sources gives your conclusions validity that cannot be achieved by simply stating one's own opinions. - LOCATING additional research: And that is another reason for citations: it allows readers to access the cited materials if they are performing research on that topic. (Disclaimer: This Citation Guide is based on the template from Val A. Browning Library, Dixie State College: http://libguides.dixie.edu/content.php?pid=5025). Also, Jonathan Barber, GWC Library's Adjunct Library Faculty, contributed to updating the MLA and APA sections on this guide.)

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Thank you for helping us expand this topic! Simply begin typing or use the editing tools above to add to this article. Once you are finished and click submit, your modifications will be sent to our editors for review. The topic Fundamental Law is discussed in the following articles: history of Turkey TITLE: Turkey SECTION: The Fundamental Law and abolition of the sultanate The Kemalists were now faced with local uprisings, official Ottoman forces, and Greek hostility. The first necessity was to establish a legitimate basis of action. A parliament, the Grand National Assembly, met at Ankara on April 23 and asserted that the sultan’s government was under infidel control and that it was the duty of Muslims to resist foreign encroachment. In the Fundamental Law of... Click anywhere inside the article to add text or insert superscripts, subscripts, and special characters. You can also highlight a section and use the tools in this bar to modify existing content: Add links to related Britannica articles! You can double-click any word or highlight a word or phrase in the text below and then select an article from the search box. Or, simply highlight a word or phrase in the article, then enter the article name or term you'd like to link to in the search box below, and select from the list of results. Note: we do not allow links to external resources in editor. Please click the Websites link for this article to add citations for

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One of the most misunderstood periods in American history, Reconstruction remains relevant today because its central issue -- the role of the federal government in protecting citizens' rights and promoting economic and racial justice in a heterogeneous society -- is still unresolved. America's Reconstruction examines the origins of this crucial time, explores how black and white Southerners responded to the abolition of slavery, traces the political disputes between Congress and President Andrew Johnson, and analyzes the policies of the Reconstruction governments and the reasons for their demise.America's Reconstruction was published in conjunction with a major exhibition on the era produced by the Valentine Museum in Richmond, Virginia, and the Virginia Historical Society. The exhibit included a remarkable collection of engravings from Harper's Weekly, lithographs, and political cartoons, as well as objects such as sculptures, rifles, flags, quilts, and other artifacts. An important tool for deepening the experience of those who visited the exhibit, America's Reconstruction also makes this rich assemblage of information and period art available to the wider audience of people unable to see the exhibit in its host cities. A work that stands along as well as in proud accompaniment to the temporary collection, it will appeal to general readers and assist instructors of both new and seasoned students of the Civil War and its tumultuous aftermath.

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Astronomers from the University of Manchester have announced a very intriguing discovery. The astronomers have announced that they have picked up some mysterious radio signals that emanated approximately 11 billion light years away from the earth. The scientists have so far been unable to determine where these radio signals originated and are currently going over their data. So far, the astronomers say that these radio signals are not coming from an Earth-based source. The brightness and distance from our planet lead scientists to believe that the radio signals originate from space distances when the universe was only half of its current age. The scientists also report that the energetics of the radio signals lead them to believe that the radio waves are coming from an intense astrophysical event. The scientists believe that these astrophysical events are associated with relativistic objects such as neutron stars or black holes. Scientific data so far suggests intensive events releasing huge amounts of energy or having a huge mass as a starting point for the radio bursts. The radio bursts last only a few milliseconds and the most distant one identified by the scientists was approximately 11 billion light years from the Earth. The radio signals were discovered using the CSIRO Parkes 64-meter radio telescope in Australia.Filed Under: Top News

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Biaxial means two rotors located some distance apart from each other. There are four types of biaxial helicopter configurations: i. Conventional (main rotor and tail rotor). In this configuration, the tail rotor axis is perpendicular to the main rotor axis. ii. NOTAR (no tail rotor). Notwithstanding the nomenclature, there is a tail rotor situated closer to the main rotor gearbox that compresses air into an ejector tube and performs the same functions. iii. Tandem. In this configuration, there are two main rotors inline to the flight path. iv. Synchropters. In this arrangement, there are two main rotor axes—intermeshing under a small angle and a side-by-side configuration, in which two main rotor axes are perpendicular to the line of flight.

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The earth is unique in that we have a molten core, and we have periodic pole shifts, both are needed to form crystals. Crystals form when molecules are super heated and then cool. During pole shifts our plates get shuffled around opening up reservoirs of space which magma fills and begins it’s cooling process, as the magma cools over thousands of years under great pressure pushing the molecules closer and closer together crystals grow, we have hundreds of different varieties here from diamonds to salt, which are both examples of types of crystal. Because we have such a perfect environment for growing crystal the earth has massive amounts of it inside, but the core itself is not a giant crystal. Crystals needs a cool environment to grow, thus the past volcanic passages protruding from the core are filled with amazing crystals some so big you could drive a car on it for miles perfectly flat, so the earth is unique in how much crystal there is inside. The center of the earth is a near anti gravity environment there is not enough pressure to form crystals, and it is far to hot, crystals grow further out. In fact the greatest pressure and coolest environment is just under the outer crust, perfect for growing giant crystals and there are more crystals under us then vegetation on the surface. A lot of people talk about the core being a giant crystal, even many scientists believe it cause they assume that gravity increases as you get closer to the core, but they don’t understand what gravity is to begin with, thus all their theories about it are not valid

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A few days ago, we talked about a prehistoric site of massacre discovered in Germany. Well, now it seems that there are other historical scopes that balefully match with our present-day affairs – as is evident from what might be the earliest case of leukemia in a 7,000-year-old skeleton. To that end, German researchers have identified the remains of this individual (a woman probably belonging to the 30 – 40 age group) at a Neolithic site near Stuttgart-Mühlhausen in south western Germany. She was mostly likely a member of the so-called Linear Pottery culture, a faction that had thrived in Europe for about 700 years (from 5500 BC), and were known for their creative pottery designs. As is often the technique used in modern archaeology, the researchers (from Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, at the University of Tübingen) made some high resolution CT scans of the 7000-year old skeleton. And on closer analysis, they discovered a typical lack of spongy bone in the bone tissue of the sternum and the humerus. This case of bone resorption (by which bones are weakened and minerals are released, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone fluid to the blood) was found to be higher than in comparable age groups – both back then and in our contemporary times. This had led to the credible hypothesis that the woman perhaps suffered from the first stages of leukemia. Moreover, the researchers have ruled out other diseases such as osteoporosis and bone tumor – given the localized pattern of the bone tissue’s dilapidation in the sternum and the humerus. Now in terms of history, archaeologists have previously identified strains of a special type of leukemia in Andes mummies. But this discovery makes the case for the earliest occurrence of the cancer ever found in a human specimen. Anyhow, Frank Rühli, director of the Institute of Evolutionary Medicine at the University of Zurich, made it clear (in an interview with Discovery News) – Based even on such state-of-the-art imaging, one can never be 100 percent sure about such a paleopathological finding. That said, to have an indication for the oldest paleopathological record of a modern, frequent disease with a major impact such as leukemia is very important from the perspective of the evolution of the disease. Source: Discovery News

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5 Tips to Help Kids Spot Fake News Photo courtesy of Commonwealth Charter Academy Are you talking with your kids about “fake news?” A recent study from Stanford University showed most students have a hard time spotting bias in social media posts. Since there’s not always an adult to ask for help, it’s important to teach kids how to ask the right questions, and find reliable answers for themselves. Here’s a list of five tips to help kids figure out what information to trust when they’re online. 1. Start with the basics Make sure kids understand that not everything they see online is going to be true. 2. Fact check Help kids investigate what they're reading with sites like FactCheck.org, PolitiFact or Snopes. (PolitiFact’s Truth-O-Meter adds an element of fun – rating political claims on a five-point scale from “True” to “Pants on Fire.” 3. Look for RED FLAGS Lots of words in ALL CAPS? Does a piece sound outrageous or speak to only one side of an issue? Those are signs of bias or opinion. 4. Use multiple sources 5. Talk about it Ask your kids what they know about current events, listen to their ideas and opinions, and try to be open to their point of view. These conversations help children develop critical thinking and communication skills that will benefit them for a lifetime. Stephen Weigel is Commonwealth Charter Academy's social studies department chairman.

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|Every term we base our learning around a Topic, such as Ancient Egypt, India or Energy. Encompassing the subjects of Art, History, Geography and Design & Technology the children develop a range of skills within context. They are also able to find links through the core subjects of English, Mathematics and Science. Supported with a range of field visits, such as to the Dinosaur Museum, Power Plant No. 4 or Tuul River, the children experience a hands-on learning approach to their topic work. This provides the children with purpose and perspective to their learning, making it more motivating, relevant and meaningful to them.| Our topics reflect a broad and balanced curriculum appropriate to children’s age and development. |Term 1||Term 2||Term 3||Term 4| |Grade 1||Around the School – The Local Area||Land of the Dinosaurs||Toys from the Past||Where in the World is Barnaby Bear?| |Grade 2||Investigating the Local Area||Weather Around the World||Ancient Egypt||At the Seaside| |Grade 3||A Village in India||The Romans||The Vikings||Improving the Environment| |Grade 4||Pax Mongolica||Intrepid Explorers||Africa||Energy and the Industrial Revolution| |Grade 5||Ancient Greece||In the News – Natural Disasters||The Aztecs||Investigating Rivers|

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Great for Back to School time! This a great icebreaker activity to help students get to know each other, while also practicing solving one-step equations. Even if students haven’t formally been taught the steps to solving equations yet, this is a simple way for students to think about finding the “mystery number”. Students first brainstorm things about themselves that relate to the numbers 0 to 9 that would be interesting facts they could share with the rest of their classmates ("I have lived in THREE different cities", "I read SEVEN books this summer", "I have ZERO sisters", etc.). Students solve the equations on their particular card (there are 30 distinct cards included to use). Then, they find different facts about their classmates that equal the equations on their card and record what they've found. This activity includes enough individual worksheets to give to 30 different students (however, this activity can easily be done in pairs as well). The worksheets are each different, to help ensure students are working to find out things about everyone in the class. Each worksheet has four different equations and one “free fact” to find a total of five different people to record about. Each worksheet has four of 22 possible equations (answer key included). Also included is an optional brainstorming worksheet and questions to consider, as well as an answer key to the 22 possible equations. Please rate and leave feedback. Your time is very much appreciated!

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This term our learning is going to be focused on the Americas. We shall explore this topic as though we are on a road trip, passing through the different states. We will be exploring the weather, climate, terrain, and landmarks. We shall look at artwork, cooking, animals, the history of the culture and the way of life for people that live there. On Tuesday the 10th of October, Acer class went to Daws Hall nature reserve. We had a fabulous day finding minibeasts in various habitats. We looked in the woods, the meadow and under logs. We then compared this to the creatures found when pond dipping and kick sampling in the brook. Our most successful finds were newts, fish and a queen hornet. We also looked at a wood mouse and a vole caught in the in mammal trap and moths caught in the moth trap. This term we are looking at animal poetry. We are using Talk4Writing to learn a poem and then using this to create our own poems based on North American animals. We shall be exploring the use of similes and metaphors as well as choosing interesting nouns and adjectives for effect. We shall look at a range of Native American myths later in the term. Again we shall use Talk4Writing to learn a myth and then write our own based on this model. As our knowledge of the United States increases we shall write our own postcards as though we have been on a road trip there. We shall tell the reader about the landmarks, climate and weather. This term we will be learning the place value of numbers up to 10,000. We will be able to understand the value of each digit in a number, be able to order and compare numbers and place them on a number line. We will also look at Roman numerals. Later in the term, we will look at addition and subtraction. We will learn how to use formal methods to calculate as well as solving problems.

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Arithmetic progression is the sequence of numbers in which the difference of two consecutive numbers is a constant. Arithmetic progression (AP) is calculated using the formula given below with the common difference, first and last term of a series of numbers. a - the first term in the series, n - last term in the series and d - Common difference. Arithmetic progression is used in our daily life. If you have equal monthly increments, then the final paycheck of each month is an AP.

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Proposed prototype ecosystem to test climate change effects on Arctic Scientists are planning a large-scale, long-term ecosystem experiment to test the effects of global warming on the icy layers of Arctic. Washington: Scientists are planning a large-scale, long-term ecosystem experiment to test the effects of global warming on the icy layers of Arctic. "The arctic regions are important to the topic of global warming because of the large land area they occupy around the world and the layer of permanently frozen soil, known as permafrost,” said Stan Wullschleger of the Environmental Sciences Division. The prototype will purposely warm a test area (above-and below-ground) of about 20 meters in diameter in order to evaluate ecosystem response to projected climate conditions. Whether carbon stored in permafrost will be released as the soil warms will indicate the extent of the effect of climate change. "We`re developing a prototype because we haven`t tested the equipment under arctic conditions before. In parts of Alaska, temperatures will drop to minus-40 degrees Fahrenheit," Wullschleger said. Results from the prototype tests, modelling simulations, and other scientific analyses will be used to determine the location of the long-term ecosystem experiment.

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octopuses, spiny lobsters, crabs; also may eat bony fishes, including eels and reef fishes rarely over 5.25 feet (1.6 m) Galapagos, bull, oceanic whitetip, tiger, blue sharks; Family: Carcarhinidae (requiem sharks) wide range of distributions in Indo-Pacific, Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific Oceans, also off Central America, usually in shallow areas close to shore on or near coral reefs These easily identified sharks earned their common name from the distinct white tips on their dorsal and upper tail fins. Long, slender bodies allow whitetips to maneuver through crevices and caves in their coral reef habitats. Coral has hard, rough surfaces, but these sharks actively pursue prey by wriggling through openings in the reefs. Divers sometimes hear whitetips scraping against the coral, but tough skin and protective eye ridges save the sharks from injury. Their bodies are dark gray to brownish and are usually covered with small, dark spots. Whitetip shark populations aren't in danger, but they live in shallow water in a restricted habitat where fisheries can catch them easily using gill nets and longlines. Additionally, these sharks mature late and have small litters. With increased fishing pressures, this species may become threatened. Whitetips forage at night and spend their days resting in reef caves. They're not territorial—many sharks crowd into a cave, usually stacking themselves atop each other. Whitetips usually return to the same cave or crevice every day, sometimes for years. They have a small home range of several square miles where they may stay for months or years. Whitetips aren't dangerous sharks; they swim away when swimmers or divers approach.

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Why has the green revolution been important for South Asia ? Green revolution, in simplest terms, refers to the increased production of food crops in the second half of twentieth century and is credited with saving around a billion people from starvation. A number of technological, political and agricultural initiatives were part of this revolution. The increased food production was made possible by introduction of high-yielding crops, provision of better irrigation facilities, application of fertilizers & pesticides, and better agricultural and crop management. Dr. Norman Borlaug is credited as the Father of Green Revolution. In South Asia, major efforts were carried out in India, to overcome severe famine conditions in 1960s. An improved variety of rice, complemented with fertilizers, yielded ten times the traditional yield. The adoption of high-yield rice have tripled the per hectare production and reduced the cost to one-third the price (over a period of 30 years) and turned India into a major rice producer. Green revolution caused 208% and 109% increase in yield per hectare of wheat and rice in developing world, respectively. It has been estimated that in absence of green revolution, the food production in developing countries would have reduced by 20%, and world food prices would have rise by 35%-65%. Specifically for Southeast Asia, the food availability increased by 34%, even though the population increased by 68%. The rural income increased by 193% and the number of poor declined by 63%, between 1975 and 1995. All of this could not have been possible without the Green Revolution and South and Southeast Asia would have faced large-scale famines and severe hardships for the population. Hope this helps.

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APLINGTON-PARKERSBURG COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT ESSENTIAL OUTCOMES FOR GRADES 6-8 1. What are Essential Outcomes and Skills? Essential Outcomes are a subset of the complete list of standards within the Iowa Core Curriculum. They represent a vertically aligned “safety net” of indicators that our teaching professionals strive to ensure students’ learn prior to exiting each grade level. It is important to realize, however, that state law mandates that educators be bound to teach their students all the standards and indicators in their assigned grade level or department. Aplington-Parkersburg Middle School is not eliminating any standards, although we are clear on the knowledge, skills and dispositions (that is essential outcomes) that students will acquire as a result of each content area/grade level. To find a complete list of our Iowa Core Curriculum Standards, please visit: http://corecurriculum.iowa.gov. 2. Why Essential Outcomes? Essential Outcomes provide a laser focus for us as a middle school system. We have prioritized our standards, based on the research that this type of system philosophy increases student achievement. 3. How did the A-P Middle School staff select the Essential Outcomes? During the 2012-2013 school year, our teachers and administrators worked together to prioritize our standards, based on three criteria. A. Endurance-does the standard provide value beyond a single test date? B. Readiness For Next Level-will the standard provide students with skills and knowledge necessary for success in the next grade or level of instruction? C. Leverage-will this standard provide knowledge and skills that will be of value in multiple disciplines?

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More that four thousand years ago a small ring of stones stood for around two hundred years. Then came a single ring of huge standing stones into which a ring of smaller stones was inserted. Then another outer circle of small stones was added, before the circle of massive stones enclosed the whole thing. This was the final phase of construction, Stonehenge’s heyday would last around 200 years until 1900 BC. The stones alignments mean that on the summer solstice the sun rises directly behind the main entrance to the monument, that is why thousands of people gather here at this time to watch the sunrise. Take it further Timewatch's John Farren chairs a debate on the programme's findings

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Teach the same social studies content at each student’s reading level. Below-Level, On-Level, and Advanced Readers all cover the same topic, keeping your class focused on the same key social studies content. - Three Content Leveled Readers per unit help you match books to students - Every book provides practice with the unit target comprehension skill and vocabulary - Teacher’s Guide with graphic organizer for each Leveled Reader simplifies lesson planning and instruction Elementary Enhanced Leveled Readers Component List

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Extreme stress and traumatic experiences that occur when children are 0-3 can have long term emotional, physical and educational effects. Because infants’ and young children’s may not be able to verbalize their reactions to threatening or dangerous events, many people assume that young age protects children from the impact of traumatic experiences. Research has established that young children may be affected by events that threaten their safety or the safety of their parents/caregivers. These traumas can be the result of intentional violence, natural disaster, accidents, or war. Young children also may experience traumatic stress in response to neglect, substance abuse and medical procedures or the loss of a parent/caregiver. Truama in early childhood can also impact a child’s physical health as an adult. Demonstrate poor verbal skills Exhibit memory problems Scream or cry excessively Have poor appetite, low weight, or digestive problems Have difficulties focusing or learning in school Develop learning disabilities Show poor skill development Act out in social situations Imitate the abusive/traumatic event Be verbally abusive Be unable to trust others or make friends Believe they are to blame for the traumatic event Experience stomach aches or headaches Traumatic experiences for young children may put them at serious risk because their rapidly developing brains are very defenseless. The brain is responsible for many complex functions including memory, attention, awareness, thinking, language, and consciousness. These complex in the brain may result in a child who may not feel as safe or as protected. Children who have developed protective factors such as the reliable presence of a positive, caring, and protective parent or caregiver, can help shield children against the effects of negative experiences. - Early intervention and treatment can minimize the social and emotional impact of a child’s exposure to a traumatic event Parent–child relationships, as well as other environmental factors, can have important effect on a child’s reaction to trauma. - Be a consistent resource to the child. - Encourage the child to talk about their experiences - Continually provide reassurance to the child that the adults in their lives are working to keep them safe.

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Atomic Structure (Principles): Bohr and Quantum models About Atomic Structure (Principles): Bohr and Quantum models Virtual Lab Simulation Did you know that there are approximately 7 billion billion billion atoms in a grown human body? That number is higher than the estimated number of stars in the observable universe! In this simulation, you will investigate the atomic models and discover what unique properties they possess that allow us to study the universe. Explore the history of the atom To understand our surroundings, we must first understand its smallest building block, the atom. Embark on a journey that stretches from ancient Greece until today and learn how our understanding of the modern atomic model came to be. Investigate Bohr and quantum 3D models Explore the Bohr and Quantum atomic models on the holographic table to learn about their similarities and differences. You will learn why the bizarre nature of electrons led scientists to come up with the concepts of the four atomic quantum numbers. Use your knowledge to help an astronaut Get hands-on experience in an engaging minigame, where you interact with electrons to help an atom absorb and emit energy. Armed with the knowledge from all the previous learning activities, you will use the collected absorption spectra of a newly discovered star to analyze what elements it is composed of. Will you be able to determine the atomic composition of a star? Get Started Now Techniques In Lab At the end of this simulation, you will be able to… - Compare and contrast the Bohr Model and the quantum model of the atom - Describe how the atomic emission spectra are produced using the Bohr model to explain this natural phenomenon - List the four quantum numbers and describe their significance Screenshots of Atomic Structure (Principles): Bohr and Quantum modelsVirtual Lab Simulation How it works A million dollar lab in your browser Perform experiments in virtual lab simulations to achieve core science learning outcomes. All our simulations run on laptop and desktop computers, and you can play our simulations without having to install any browser plugins. Hundreds of hours of science learning content Our virtual laboratory simulations are aimed at university, college and high school level, within fields such as biology, biochemistry, genetics, biotechnology, chemistry, physics and more. With access to our simulations, you will have hundreds of hours of engaging, high-quality learning content available to you.

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Causes and Diagnoses Causes and Diagnoses of Childhood Cancers While cancer and blood disorders can occur at any age, children need to be treated differently than adults. Your child’s pediatric oncology specialist is trained in connecting with children and teens in a way that sets the stage for effective examinations, diagnosis and treatments. There is no one single cause for childhood cancer. Scientists believe that it is the interaction of many factors together that produces cancer. The factors involved may be genetic, environmental or constitutional characteristics of the child. To make an accurate diagnosis, our specialists will perform a thorough evaluation that includes a health history, physical examination and blood tests. We may perform other tests depending on the location and type of suspected cancer. Additional tests may include: Other diagnostic tests include: - Bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy: This is a test to diagnose leukemia or abnormalities of the bone marrow. We insert a needle through a hard bone into the bone marrow, and remove a tiny bone marrow specimen with a syringe. - Lumbar puncture (LP, spinal tap): We use LP to examine cerebral spinal fluid. A needle inserted between two spinal bones collects a sample of the clear fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. We examine the fluid under a microscope to look for cancer cells or infection. - Bone scan: This X-ray test uses a short-lived radioactive dye injected into the bloodstream to find tumors or other abnormalities in the bones. Bone scan is not painful, but the patient must lie still for extended periods of time. Your physician may require more tests to determine the stage, or extent, of the cancer.

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← Back to: List of phobias Graphophobia (from Greek grapho, "write" or "draw"), or scriptophobia (from Latin script, "write"), is the fear of writing or handwriting, especially when writing to the public. Graphophobia is usually developed from bad experiences with writing in the past, such as accidently writing wrong stuff on the report cards, applications, etc., and writing bad stuff on the assignments or projects that get ridiculed by it. Sufferers may doubt their ability to write well and experience intense fear that they will fail in writing, while others think that writing is not that important. These individuals may have tried to write and thought of it to be excellent, only to receive rejection and criticism. Sufferers tend to have very poor handwriting, resulting in the difficulty or impossible read it what he/she write. They are not proud of anything they have written and will not want others to read them. Symptoms of a graphophobic may vary but when confronted with fear, they tend to perspire, become anxious and become nauseated, as well as other symptoms of anxiety. Graphophobia may be treated with the traditional “talk” therapy that'll teach a person to recognize and control their phobia. Self-help, support groups, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and relaxation techniques are some other strategies that can also be used.

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- 1-1 Introduction - 1-2 Starting a New Drawing - 1-3 SolidWorks Colors - 1-4 Creating a Fully Defined Circle - 1-5 Units - 1-6 Rectangle - 1-7 Moving Around the Drawing Screen - 1-8 Orientation - 1-9 Sample Problem SP1-1 - 1-10 Creating 3D Models - 1-11 Saving a Document - 1-12 Lines and Angles – Sample Problem SP1-2 - 1-13 Holes - Chapter Projects In this sample chapter from Engineering Design and Graphics with SolidWorks 2019, author James Bethune gets you started on SolidWorks. This chapter will show you how to start a New drawing and introduce the Line, Circle, and Edit tools. The Smart Dimension tool will be used to define and edit lines and circles. Line colors and relationships will also be introduced. Learn how to create a sketch Learn how to create a file/part Learn how to create a solid model Learn how to edit angular and circular shapes Learn how to draw holes Learn how to use Sketch tools Learn how to change units of a part SolidWorks is a parametric modeler. A solid modeler uses dimensions, parameters, and relationships to define and drive 3D shapes. Solid modelers make it easy to edit and modify parts as they are constructed. This capability is ideal for creating new designs. Parametric modelers use dimensions to drive the shapes. For example, to create a line of a defined length, a line is first sketched, and then the length dimension is added. The line will assume the length of the dimension. If the dimension is changed, the length of the line will change to match the new dimension. When using non-parametric modelers, a line is drawn and a dimension added. The dimension will define the length of the existing line but not drive it. If the length of the line is changed, the dimensions will not change. A new dimension is required to define the length of the line. This chapter will show you how to start a New drawing and introduce the Line, Circle, and Edit tools. The Smart Dimension tool will be used to define and edit lines and circles. Line colors and relationships will also be introduced.

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Jul 15, 2017 RAY: This puzzler is mathematical -- and it's also nice, easy and short. Get out a pencil and write down the following equation: 76 = 24. It's obviously incorrect. Now, I want you to correct this equation so that it makes sense, by moving the four digits around. You got four digits here, 7, 6, 2, and 4, but you can't introduce any new signs -- plus sign, minus, division, so on. You got an equal sign and that's it. Imagine that the four digits are written on four slips of paper. Do what you want with them and make the equation make sense. Think you know? Drop Ray a note! RAY: Here’s how you solve it. Let's say you moved the numbers around, and so instead of saying 76 equals 24, what if you changed it to read, 72 equals 46. TOM: That doesn't work. RAY: What if you turn the 6 upside down, so you have 72 equals 49? TOM: That doesn't work, either. RAY: But 72 equals 49 has promise because if you slide that two up, then you get seven squared, and seven squared equals 49.

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Pleurisy can arise from different causes and take different ways to develop, sometimes with excess fluid in the pleural cavity ("wet pleurisy") and sometimes without ("dry pleurisy"), sometimes accompanied by no pain sometimes very painful. The most common cause of pleurisy is viral infection such as the flu or pneumonia. There are two kinds of pleurisy. A "primary" pleurisy is an inflammation that happens in the pleural tissues themselves, from a germ that attacked them directly, or from an injury or growth. A "secondary" pleurisy is caused by another chest disease including: - pneumonia, in which the germs reach the pleura as well as the lungs themselves, - lung abscess - lung cancer - or almost anything wrong in the chest.

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Writing skills are an important part of communication. It is separated in four main topics: Good writing skills allow you to communicate your message with clarity and ease. Correct grammar, punctuation and spelling are key in written communications. Discuss potential barriers to effective communication (P3) You need to make sure that you use the correct grammar. Spelling and punctuation are the main problems. One way to over come this predicament is to read the text out loud so you can hear it and see if it makes sense, then make appropriate changes accordingly. Over 7000 different languages are spoken worldwide, so not everyone can understand everything that is said. It is a good idea to learn at least one other language as this will benefit you in the long run. Short paragraphs and sentences can make the work look bad and there are people will not want to read long paragraphs. You need to balance these out depending on the structure. Not having headings to stand out which includes the title of your work. Identifying relevance can be used in a presentation or a document such as a report or letter. If you have hidden relevant information which is with a lot of other details then you may miss the important facts. Relevant information can be identified in a number of ways which include a change in font size or highlighting text in a different colour.

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It is no mystery that music is an activity that engages the brain, the body and the senses. Playing a musical instrument or even simply listening to music are activities with an incredible benefit for the development of a child. A recent study actually revealed that learning to play an instrument as a child can truly help brain development. Kids who play a musical instrument seem to find it a lot easier to develop full-standing language skills earlier on, and even learn other languages more naturally. Musical know-how seem to be connected with language skills, as playing an instrument might be responsible for a significant increase in brain sensitivity to sounds and speech. With the same premises, music might help children with problems such as autism and dyslexia, because the musical notions might allow their brains to focus on their sound / information processing in different areas, including speech and attention management. Music is fun and useful. A true win-win combination!

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Compare and contrast classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Use the Psychism Operant Conditioning information and your text to support your discussion. Find one Web site that also contributes to your understanding of the two types on conditioning. Explain why you think this particlar Web site will help strengthen your learning in the area.© BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com June 4, 2020, 3:22 am ad1c9bdddf Conditioning involves learning associations between events that occur in the environment. Classical Conditioning is a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the ability to create a response that was originally created by another stimulus. The way that this is all supposed to work is actually simple. First, an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is paired with a neutral stimulus. The unconditioned stimulus is the one that is creating the unconditioned response (UCR). After a while, where this pairing is repeated many times, classical conditioning occurs. Now, the previous unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is now the conditioned stimulus (CS) and can cause a conditioned response (CR) by itself. The unconditioned response (UCR) and the conditioned response (CR) are essentially the same thing. Example: Every time a dog sees a can of dog food (UCS) it drools (UCR). If we pair a ringing bell whenever the dog sees the can of dog food, eventually when it hears a bell ringing (CS) the dog will drool (CR) even without seeing the can of dog food. Classical conditioning forms an association between two stimuli. Operant conditioning forms an association between a behavior and a ... Over 750 word explanation comparing and contrasting classical and operant conditioning. Includes websites and a detailed explanation and analysis of both concepts.

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The Mistawasis First Nation Aboriginal On Reserve Head Start Program offers a safe and nurturing environment that provides healthy snacks in the morning and afternoon. The program provides a daily balance of active/quiet; indoor/outdoor and individual/group activities that are developmentally appropriate and are child initiated. It’s flexible to allow for a child’s individual needs in the areas of physical growth, mental growth, language skills, emotional maturity and social skills. Six Program Components - Culture and Language-Aboriginal culture and language providing children and families with a positive sense of themselves and their community. - Education/Preparation for School Readiness-Support and encourage life long learning. - Health Promotion-Empower families with the knowledge to maintain or improve their health. - Nutrition-Ensuring children and families are learning about receiving proper nutrition. - Social Support-Creating awareness of the resources and community service available. - Parental and Family Involvement-Supporting the family as the primary teacher of the child. What we do in Head start Circle Time is a group gathering during which we share our ideas, plans and observations. Circle activities are designed to stimulate youngsters’ thinking, enrich their social skills, and expand their attention spans. This is a group gathering during which we share our ideas, plans and observations. Circle Time is a time when basic concepts; colors numbers, shapes, opposites, prepositions, fine and gross motor, cognitive, creative, social and language skills are developed. At Group time with story, song, flannel board, or other language activity the children are offered a large block of time to self-select from a variety of activities. “A wide variety of well-planned activities reinforce the objectives and theme of the curriculum. Children are encouraged to engage in social interactions, making choices, observe, experiment, explore, interact, and be autonomous. Children are empowered to develop their own thoughts, feelings, bodies and adults support them in communicating their ideas, making links, being curious, and interacting actively with the world around them.

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BY RICHARD SISON | 2014 Shavuot, the Festival of the Weeks, is the second of the three major festivals with both, historical and agricultural significance (the other two are Passover and Sukkot). Agriculturally, it commemorates the time when the first fruits were harvested and brought to the Temple. Historically, it celebrates the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai, and the Giving of the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost. It is noteworthy that the holiday is called the time of the giving of the Torah, rather of the time of the receiving of the Torah. The sages point out that we are constantly in the process of receiving the Torah, that we receive it every day, but it was first given at this time. Thus it is the giving, not the receiving, that makes this holiday significant. In traditional Judaism, the festival of Shavuot marks the culmination of the experience of redemption, sometimes called Atzaret Pesach, The Conclusion of Passover. Since the great Exodus from Egypt was intended to lead to the revelation of Sinai, the goal of Passover is the giving of the Torah to the Hebrew people. G-D took the Jews out of Egypt so that they would be His own treasured people, holy and separated from the pagan cultures around them. Watch the Message >>

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Come rain or come shine, educators must be ready to teach the vocabulary of weather! So why don’t you simply download this free colorful weather chart and hand it out to your pupils? This weather chart template is both a reference sheet and a worksheet. Indeed, you will find 8 drawings at the top of the page to describe 8 different types of weather. Besides, the corresponding words appear right below the images. The bottom part of the page offers a large square where children can both draw and write their favorite type of weather. Meteorology is basic and essential knowledge for young children. Kindergarten and primary school teachers, as well as homeschooling parents, can enjoy this simple yet efficient activity. Kindergarten pupils and 1st graders will be on cloud nine with this free teaching printable in pdf format. . Includes 2 design options (2 pages) for printing: color and black and white (ink-saver alternative with minimum background). The ‘Weather Chart’ worksheet document features: - 2 pages - Color and Black & White layout - Exclusive design - Orientation: Portrait - Paper size: Letter - PDF file

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Literature and Social Categories For this class, we hone the skill of close reading, which examines how a work of literature makes its meaning through its style (e.g., its tone, narrative perspective, figurative language, and so on). In particular, we consider the way works of literature challenge social categories by engaging with the stylistic conventions of their genre (literary category). The works we read in class both set and defy expectations about their literary category and its conventions. In so doing, they also set and defy expectations about the social categories with which they are preoccupied. The norm or habit of these literary works is to confront and change ideological constructs that might otherwise be taken for granted: Jorge Luis Borges’ “Library of Babel” (1941) proposes a universe in which the relationship between literature and meaning itself is radically defamiliarized. Machado de Assis’ The Alienist (1882) satirizes an attempt to definitively delineate the boundaries between reason and insanity. Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis (1915) offers tragi-comic investigation into the limits of humanity. The interpretive work of close reading reveals the ambiguities, paradoxes, tensions, and challenges that a text offers us (and that we offer a text!) The lively and unstable work of interpretation is evident in our class discussions. And yet, as we shall see, a thoughtful and carefully crafted literary argument can be highly convincing and elucidating. Students learn to write with the clarity, precision, and nuance of an excellent close reader. Students write essays that they improve and refine through deep revision. Requirements for the class also include regular attendance and reading quizzes as well as preparing for and participating in class discussion.

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In all the programming language there are mainly two ways to store data. In textual format mostly programmers always follow a standard format like CSV to store data. But in R Language in our intermediate steps we have the ability store the R objects in textual format. So data scientists can preserve/deparse R object by using the dput() or dump() functions. The output from dput() is in sort of a R code format with all the class details. Therefore it preserves the object in away using dget() we can read back the object into the R Language. To store multiple objects we need to use dump(). To read the dump() file we need to use source() function. Considering the effectiveness purpose, we need to store R objects in binary format. The key functions are save(), save.image() to store in binary format. To store the data we can use any file extensions. But .rda and . RData are fairly common extensions widely used. The below code snippet clearly shows all the arguments for save and save.image functions.

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Scientific Discoveries of 2019 The most mind-boggling scientific discoveries of 2019 include the first image of a black hole, a giant squid sighting, and an exoplanet with water vapor A computer simulation of how a supermassive black hole’s accretion disk and its event horizon (or inner “shadow”) might appear to a telescope on Earth. Astronomers, anthropologists, geologists, and many other scientists made mind-boggling breakthroughs in 2019. Some highlights include work that produced the first image of a black hole, traced the origins of modern humans, and predicted future sea-level rise. These are 22 of the biggest scientific accomplishments of the year. Click HERE.

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Handwriting & Fine Motor Skills fun handwriting practice, handwriting activities for kids, easy handwriting practice, preschool, kindergarten, 1st grade, 2nd grade, 3rd grade, 4th grade, 5th grade, elementary handwriting, fine motor skills How to Homeschool - Best Play to Learn Preschool Curriculum Non-traditional ways for kids to practice handwriting. These are so fun, they won't realize they are learning! Highlighters are a very useful tool to have in your homework supply kit. My favorite uses are: 1) Write a word or letter with the highlighter and ask your child to trace it with a pencil. 2) Use a highlighter to help your child stay in the lines when writing. 3) Highlight the area that your child is required to cut. Highlighter tape is a great alternative to using a highlighter because it is removable and doesn't permanently mark your page. www.teacherresourcesforparents.com

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Centura Health has more experts in more places throughout the region. Start your health journey by finding the right one for you. Blood contains four main components: There are four major blood types: "O", "A", "B", and "AB". Also, a certain substance, the "Rh- factor, is either present on the red cells or absent. Approximately 85% of the population has "Rh" factor on their red cells. These people are categorized as "Rh" positive. About 15% of the population lack the "Rh" factor making them "Rh" negative. The blood type breakdown in the United States is as follows: The rarest type of blood is the type that is not available when a patient needs it. It takes 24 to 72 hours to type and test blood after a donation and BEFORE it can be used for patient. In a crisis, the blood that saves lives is the blood that was donated BEFORE the crisis! How Much Blood Does a Person Have? Our search tools require a zip code to match the location nearest you.

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The light from this cosmic beacon took 12.9 billion years to reach Earth, but the sight was worth the wait. Astronomers say it is the most distant quasar, a massive black hole surrounded by luminous gas, that they have ever seen as well as the brightest object to be sighted in the early universe. Its distance means astronomers are seeing it blazing away at a time when the universe was merely 770 million years old , a team reports online today in Nature. The quasar's brilliance is powered by a monstrous black hole at its center that's 2 billion times more massive than the sun. The energy radiating from it would have contributed to the last phase of reionization of the early universe , the process that helped clear away the hydrogen fog shrouding the infant cosmos. More distant objects have been spotted in recent years, such as a gamma ray burst and a galaxy more than 13 billion light-years away, but this quasar is hundreds of times more luminous. See more ScienceShots .

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The current U.S. population of red imported fire ants — which infest millions of acres across the Southern states — can be traced back to nine to 20 queens in Mobile, Ala. That's according to a genetic study by D. DeWayne Shoemaker, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) entomologist, and Kenneth G. Ross, University of Georgia entomologist. The results are reported in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences. The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), native to South America, is a major invasive pest insect and is considered by the World Conservation Unit to be among the top 100 worst invasive alien species. In their study, the scientists found that those original nine to 20 queens stowed away on a boat, presumably each with their worker force, and began populating the United States in the mid-1930s. These ants spread outward from the purported initial landing spot in Mobile. Pinpointing the number of queens needed to account for the genetic diversity in the current population allows researchers to better develop biologically-based management practices, predict the invasive potential of the species, and make inferences about the ecological and evolutionary processes. Because of the red imported fire ant's status as a major pest, an enormous amount of research has been conducted on the basic biology of the species over the past 40 years, making it one of the better known invasive organisms. Individuals from two populations in South America and six populations across the Southern United States were collected for genetic analysis. Data collected substantiates the theory that there is a close genetic resemblance of ants collected near Mobile to a hypothetical, reconstructed ancestral population. However, the data also raises the possibility of a secondary introduction at a location 60 miles west of Mobile. Further genetic analysis will improve knowledge of the reproductive biology, population demographics, genetics and invasive history of red imported fire ants which may assist in controlling them. ARS is a scientific research agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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|« Back to Article| Scientists discover malaria origins through DNA analysis New York Times Published 4:40 pm, Tuesday, June 17, 2014 By using a DNA "bar code" of 23 short snips from the genes of parasites that cause malaria, scientists can now often quickly determine where they originated, British researchers report. The information could be useful in fighting local outbreaks, which may be caused by parasites from other parts of the world. And it should be possible to make a test kit that will get that information from a spot of dried blood in two hours - far less time than is needed to sequence a whole genome. For the study, published Friday in the journal Nature Communications, researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine analyzed the DNA of more than 700 malaria-causing parasites from all over the world. For Plasmodium falciparum - the most dangerous species - they found 23 consistent mutations that let them tell, with 92 percent accuracy, whether a strain was from West Africa, East Africa, Southeast Asia, South America or the South Pacific. They still hope to find markers that distinguish strains from Central America, the Caribbean, southern Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Even in places where malaria has been wiped out, an outbreak can start when a traveler is infected in a foreign country and then returns home and is stung by a mosquito - which can in turn spread the parasite to others. Dr. Michelle Hsiang, a malaria researcher at UCSF, said that in central China, for example, outbreaks had been seeded by workers returning from Africa or tourists returning from Southeast Asia. Knowing a strain's origins can indicate who should be tested first and can alert doctors to a possible drug-resistant strain; that problem is now widespread only in Southeast Asia.

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