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Wrought metals are those that have been shaped by hammers and other tools, as opposed to cast metals, which are melted into a mold, or extruded metals, which are forced through a die. This is one of the oldest metalworking techniques; the word "wrought" actually comes from a form of "to work," so wrought metal is "worked" metal. This material can be found in a wide range of decorative art objects and consumer products. According to Sewanee University, beaten copper first appeared in around 8000 B.C., when metalworkers beat elemental copper into soft weapons and ornaments. This material tended to be brittle and required regular reheating. By 5000 B.C., smiths had also begun to work gold and electrum. Metalworkers discovered casting technology during this period. Worked and cast bronze developed around 3500 B.C., and provided stronger, less brittle objects than copper. Wrought iron developed relatively late, in about 1500 B.C. Wrought steel developed around 600 B.C., and did not become widespread for hundreds of years. Wrought metals vary significantly in appearance, but tend to show visible evidence of the tools used to make them. Beaten copper, gold, or other very soft metals may include hammer or file marks. Wrought iron and steel usually show fewer marks, but are less smooth than extruded or cast metal. These tool marks make wrought materials popular in art and decorative objects. Worked metal was once the dominant material for everyday objects. Wrought iron was used in nails, chains, wire, rivets, horseshoes, bolts, ironwork, knives and many other objects. Wrought precious metals were common in jewelry and decorative interior fittings, while metals such as tin were often used to make cups, pans and similar household goods. Most modern wrought-metal objects are used for decorative purposes, or are made by individual craftspeople; this metalworking technique is uncommon in commercial manufacturing. Many decorative metal objects, such as gates, wall ornaments and garden ornaments, are labeled as wrought metal. These objects often closely resemble real wrought metal, but may not actually be worked with tools. Mass-produced metal objects are more likely to be cast or extruded, as these processes are less labor-intensive for large manufacturers.

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A domain name is a website name that has an associated IP assigned to it. Humans would have a very hard time remembering all the IP numbers to visit places on the internet so the domain name is a way of assigning an associated name with one particular IP address so we as humans can simply type in a name instead of several numbers. The syntax for a domain name is: websitename.extension. Domain names are used to identify a website, brand, service, or product. When a visitor types the name of a domain, they will receive information back from a server of the IP address of the website that they wish to visit, and then their computer will go to that particular web address. There are many extensions and they are adding more often. A few extensions are: A .com name is the most common. For more information see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name.

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World Watch Geography Developed along the guidelines of the UK National Curriculum, World Watch Geography is an extension of World Watch Social Studies to the lower secondary level. It builds on student’s experience from earlier work in geography by introducing higher level geographical skills. It presents a student-friendly approach with a conversational tone to engage their interest. Digital resource in the form of My E-mate companion website, along with skills books for students and teacher’s guides make World Watch Geography a comprehensive course. Key features of the series: • develops locational knowledge and spatial understanding of the continents, through the use of maps of the world • develops an understanding of geographical similarities and differences through the study of human and physical geography of regions within different continents • builds on students’ knowledge of globes, atlases, and different kinds of maps and uses them routinely in the classroom and in any field study • develops an understanding of the key processes in physical geography: geological timescales and plate tectonics; rocks, weathering and soils; weather and climate, including the change in climate from the Ice Age to the present; glaciation, hydrology, and coasts • develops an understanding of the key processes of human geography relating to population, international development, economic activity, and the use of natural resources • encourages students to use higher-order thinking skills • each book illustrated with relevant photographs, drawings, charts, and maps • includes ‘Fact files’ that give interesting and important facts about the topic; questions and discussion points consolidate learning; each unit ends with a test on key points • each book accompanied by a skills book which reinforces learning through various activities • comprehensive teaching guides a valuable resource for the teacher in the form of further explanation, additional activities, and lesson plans • My E-mate companion website with each book with enriched resources for students as well as teachers There are no products matching the selection.

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Two texts in a book written by Renaissance genius Francis Bacon contain hidden messages. Can a reader find them? Some people believe that Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was the real author of the works attributed to William Shakespeare. Many Baconians, as these people are called, even say that Bacon coded his name in these works using steganograpic techniques. While serious Shakespeare research has long proven the Baconians wrong, it is true that Francis Bacon invented an interesting steganographic method – the Bacon cipher. The Bacon cipher is one of the earliest binary codes in history. Here’s an English version of Bacon’s book chapter describing it. The Bacon cipher The purpose of the Bacon cipher is to hide a message in an arbitrary text. In order to use it, we need two different typesets (“a type” and “b type”). In the following I will use ordinary letters as type a and italic bold letters as type b. With these two types we can encode all letters of the alphabet (Bacon used a 25 letter alphabet) as follows: A: SONNE B : SONNE C: SONNE D: SONNE E: SONNE F : SONNE G: SONNE H: SONNE I: SONNE K : SONNE L: SONNE M: SONNE N: SONNE O : SONNE P: SONNE Q: SONNE R: SONNE S : SONNE T: SONNE U: SONNE W: SONNE X : SONNE Y: SONNE Z: SONNE With the Bacon cipher we can encode the word CRYPTOLOG as follows: “This is an ordinary Text containing a hidden message!” These are the two typesets Bacon uses in his book: Here is the word FUGE coded in the phrase MANERE TE VOLO DONEC BENERO, as described by Bacon: Who can solve these coded texts? In his book, Bacon introduces two other texts containing hidden messages. Here’s the first one: The solution isn’t given. Can a reader find it? Here’s the second text: Again, the solution isn’t given. Can a reader find it? Further reading: Two unsolved encrypted postcards from London and Chicago

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HOW THE APP WORKS How Do You Know? app builds and strengthens expressive language skills, listening comprehension and verbal reasoning skills. Students learn to answer “WH” and “HOW” questions by talking about key details and relevant information. They practice making inferences to explain how they know! Studies reveal that critical thinking, like making inferences, are essential to meet core curriculum standards and to understand what’s going on in the classroom. - Question comprehension: who, what, where, when & how - Verbal reasoning strategies to make inferences - Critical thinking skills to distinguish key details - Build vocabulary and semantic knowledge - Recognize and label associated vocabulary - Practice reading comprehension at sentence level - Verbal reasoning skills Lots of content; vivid pictures and over 10 categories to choose from: - Places, Activities, Weather, Emotions, Conditions & State of Being, Time, Events, Holidays, People & Occupations, Animals, Geography - Data collection with percentages for both Wh-questions & How questions - Different levels of audio and visual prompts - Study Guide section called “Let’s Talk About It!” - Email reports and share results with parents, teachers, & therapists - 100 name capacity; edit to add/delete name - "Read to Me" option; audio on/off - Practice reading at phrase & sentence level - Reinforcement; encouraging audio feedback for correct /incorrect responses - “Listen Again” button Mom with Apps Educational App Store Certified Teacher App Library Certified Parent App Library The author: Lynn Epstein, MS, ASHA certified speech language pathologist with over 30 years of clinical experience in child language and communication development. How Do You Know? is based on successful strategies and lessons used with thousands of students to strengthen communication and reasoning skills. How Do You Know? app likes to keep things private. We respect your privacy! We do not sell or share any information. Plus, we don't like hidden costs so there are no in app purchases. We also don't like distractions, so you won't find any advertisements either. That's the privacy and particulars policy! Lynn Epstein, MS,SLP-CCC

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|I BUY AND EXCHANGE |The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was the majority ethnic-Czech protetorate which Nazi Germany established in the central parts of Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia in what is today the Czech Republic. It was established on March 15, 1939 by proclamation of Adolf Hitler from Prague Castle. Bohemia and Moravia were autonomous Nazi-administred territories which the Nazi government considered part of the "Greater Germany". This came to an end with the surrender of Germany to the allies of World War II in 1945. On 27 September 1941 Reinhard Heydrich was appointed Reichsprotektor, but he was killed in Prague in 1942 by some Czech agents.

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Charcoal is a lightweight, black, porous material similar to coal. It consists of carbon (about 50 to 95 %) and volatile chemicals and ash. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood, sugar, bone char, or other substances in the absence of oxygen. It can also be produced by some enzymatic conversion of organic mater. The backbones of charcoal are polycondensed aromatic moieties which are chemically and biologically persistent. Charcoal is a valuable soil amendment (see also terra preta), retaining nutrients at their surface and improving the soil structure leading to enhanced water and air retention.

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Endometriosis affects 176 million women worldwide, and 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. While the disease has been intensively studied over the last century, research has not proven a definite cause. There are, however, several strong theories regarding how and why endometriosis occurs. One of the oldest and most likely explanations is known as “retrograde menstruation.” This theory says that some menstrual and endometrial tissue debris flows backward from the uterus through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvis during a menstrual period. The tissue will then implant and grow where it lands in the pelvis. This theory does have some merit, but retrograde menstruation cannot be the sole cause of endometriosis. Virtually all women experience retrograde menstruation, yet only some develop endometriosis. Another possibility is what’s called “coelomic metaplasia.” This theory proposes that the coleomic (abdmonial) cavity possesses primitive cells that can change structure and function to become endometrial cells when they are influenced by certain conditions. This theory is based on embryologic studies demonstrating that all pelvic organs, including the endometrium, come from cells lining the abdominal cavity and these cells have the ability to become whatever they want to become. A third theory is “direct transplantation.” Simply put, it suggests that endometriosis can develop in episiotomy, Cesarean section, and other scars after abdominal surgery—a result of the operation scar becoming contaminated with endometrial tissue. When endometriosis develops in rare sites like the lungs, brain and other organs distant from the pelvis, a probable explanation is that endometrial cells are transported around the body via the bloodstream and lymphatic system (lymphatic vessels transport fatty substances). This is known as the “vascular theory.” Finally, evidence suggests that women with endometriosis may have an immune defect that promotes the development or progression of the disease. While all women have some endometrial tissue that grows outside the uterus, if their immune systems are healthy, this “misplaced” tissue is detected and destroyed. According to the “immune dysfunction” theory, women who develop endometriosis may have an immune system that is unable to destroy the misplaced endometrial tissue.

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Duration 1,5 - 3h In this chapter the students will learn… - … the workflow with simple analog sensors (e.g. light-dependent resistors, potentiometers) - … to read sensor values from analog pins and to store them into variables - … to monitor sensor values using serial communication - … to control devices like LEDs and piezo speakers based on sensor data - … to map sensor values to a new range - … to simulate analog signals to control LED brightness Depending on the final exercise, the students also practice either… - … observing light and shadow phenomena and using crafts skills to continue developing an Arduino-based instrument (Exercise 1: Improve the Musical Instrument) - … building, coding and testing a burglar alarm prototype (Exercise 2: Burglar Alarm) Slides and Lesson Plans Feel free to use these slides to introduce the third chapter to the students! There are some speaker notes attached to the slides. To see the speaker notes, click Options > Open Speaker Notes in the bottom panel. Lesson plan suggestion |5-10 min||Make sure everyone has the electronics components they need.| SCRUM routine: Students explain to others: 1) what was the last thing they did on the previous lesson and 2) if they had any challenges they need help with. If students are shy to speak when others are listening, you can go and talk with them individually later. |5-10 min||Introduce the third chapter with the slides above.| work on Automatic Dimmer. the challenges so far. work on Noises from the Dark. Reflection discussion: What has been most interesting? What feels difficult? Introduction to the exercises: give a time limit of eg. 20 minutes! |20-30 min||Students choose and work on an exercise: | 1) Improve the Musical Instrument 2) Burglar Alarm End the lesson (or start the next) by going through a couple of mini projects the students have made. Total: 90-140 min

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7 Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) G – Generality (AKA Generalization): Refers to the behavior changes that occurs across locations, across people. E – Effective: The extent to which changes in the target behaviors result in the noticeable changes in reasons those behaviors were selected for change originally. T – Technological: Refer to study in applied behavior analysis when all its procedures are identified and described in sufficient details that it could be replicated with the same results. A – Analytical (AKA Functional Relation): The matter is believability. When the experiment shows a functional relationship between the manipulative events and the targeted behavior. C – Conceptually Systematic: All procedures used should be tied to the basic principles of behavior analysis from which they were derived. A – Applied: ABA improves socially significant behaviors, overall quality of life of the client and the significant others. B – Behavioral: Measurable and observable events. (Something that could be seen and measured).

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Bat wall pocket produced by Brannam of Devon, England, in 1899. Bats are mammals with their forelimbs adapted as wings. They are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out digits covered with a thin membrane. The second largest order of mammals after rodents, bats comprise about 20% of all classified mammal species worldwide, with over 1,400 species.

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This article lays out some of the essential and uncommon royal penguin facts The Royal Penguin belongs to the family of Spheniscidae and is generally found in the sub-Antarctic Islands including Macquarie Islands. These penguins look very much similar to that of Macaroni Penguins in that both these species have got a yellow crest that runs backwards from the forehead. These types of penguins are considered to be threatened. Some conservationists maintain that royal penguins ought to be the subspecies of Macaroni Penguins; however, the debate is still in progress and the scientists have not been agreed on either of the opinions. These penguins are not regarded as threatened species even though excessive hunting took place at the end of 19th century as well as at the beginning of the 20th century when many hunting licenses were issued. Because of this, around 150,000 penguins were put to death each year and that includes King and Royal penguins. Royal Penguin Facts - These species are 65 – 76 cm (26 – 30 inches) long. - Royal penguin weighs around 3 – 8 kg (6.6 – 18 lb). - The females are slightly shorter as compared to males. - They usually build nests on simple grounds where the vegetation is abundant so as to ensure the safety of their nests. - At night, these penguins do not dive too deep into the water for hunting. - They return from sea to their colonies after a 6 month time period. - Like other species, royal penguins are also highly sociable. Royal Penguin Reproduction Facts - The breeding period lasts from September to October. - The females lay 2 eggs and these eggs are incubated for 35 days. - The chicks fledge out after 50 – 60 days. - Males and females incubate eggs after an interval of 10 – 12 days. - They are the strong migratory birds. What Do Royal Penguins Eat? Royal Penguin facts about its diet show that these birds primarily feed on fish, krill, crustaceans and squid. While females usually go out in search of food; males are responsible for looking after the chicks. This period is about 15 – 20 days. After two months, these juveniles will no longer rely on their parents for food. Royal Penguin Facts – Video

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Legumes - include lentils, peas, beans, chickpeas, soybeans and peanuts. Legumes are excellent plant-based sources of fiber, protein, iron, folate (B9) and calcium, all of which the body needs more of during pregnancy. Folate, one of the B-vitamins (B9), is very important for the health of the mother and fetus, especially during the first trimester. Insufficient folate intake may also cause the child to be more prone to infections and disease later in life. This has been linked with an increased risk of neural tube defects and low birth weight. Legumes contain high amounts of folate. One cup of lentils, chickpeas or black beans may provide from 65–90% of the recommended daily allowance. Furthermore, legumes are generally very high in fiber. Some varieties are also high in iron, magnesium and potassium.

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Behavior is human conduct relative to social norms. Human behavior from a sociological perspective. Social behavior is behavior among two or more organisms within the same species, and encompasses any behavior in which one member affects the other. Are the same behaviors of people considered deviant in all historical errors, in all social contexts? Why do some people engage in deviant behavior? How does society respond to deviant behavior? Behavioral Science is the analysis of human behavior and major social institutions, social inequality, the sociology of family, political sociology, economic sociology, and sociology of health and medicine from a sociological perspective. Collective Behavior: Throughout history, in all societies and civilizations, people have absorbed themselves in episodes of dramatic behavior, such as the crowd, the riot, and the revolution. The nature of these episodes has long attracted a curiosity that has evolved into a loosely defined field of sociology and a concept known as collective behavior. Sociologists define collective behavior as the actions, often disorganized, taken by a large number of people gathered together usually in defiance of society's norms. Collective behavior is defined as activity involving a relatively large number of people that is often spontaneous. It is typically short-term behavior. Social movements and activism are organized and relatively sustained activities that have a clear goal in terms of achieving or preventing some social change. The three generalized types of collective behavior are: localized, which include crowds/mobs/riots dispersed, or mass behavior, which include rumor/gossip/fads/public opinion/propaganda.

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Ch 9 - Power Systems This lesson begins with an overview of the difference between vapor and gas power cycles. We also review the relationships between heat and work and areas on PV and TS Diagrams. In this lesson, we learn that the Carnot Cycle is not a good model for vapor power systems. We introduce a new model, the ideal Rankine Cycle, that is better suited to the limitations of real pumps and turbines. In this lesson, we consider five improvemnts to the Rankine Cycle: superheat, reheat, regeneration, cogeneration and binary vapor power cycles. The key to understanding these more complex suystems is the TS Diagram. In this lesson, we consider the characteristics that distinguish real vapor power cycles from the ideal Rankine Vapor Power Cycle. We show how these phenomena effect the cycle path on a TS Diagram and then perform a thermodynamic analysis to determine the lost work associated with a real vapor power cycle. In this lesson, we study gas power cycles. We introduce the Brayton Cycle and use the Cold Air-Standard Assumptions to help us simplify our analysis of the cycle. We find that the pressure ratio across the compressor is the key parameter that determines the thermal efficiency of the Cold Air-Standard Brayton Cycle. We also briefly discuss sources of irreversibility in the Brayton Cycle. In this lesson, we consider three methods to improve the thermal efficiency of the Air-Standard Brayton Cycle. They are: reheat, intercooling, and regeneration. Regeneration is the key. - Vapor and Gas Power Systems - The Carnot and Rankine Cycle - Improvements on the Rankine Cycle - Non-Ideal Vapor Power Cycles - Air-Standard Power Cycles - Variations on the Brayton Cycle - The lessons in Chapter 9 are listed below - Roll your mouse over the lesson title to see a brief description of the contents of the lesson - Click on the lesson that you want to study - Click the "Jump to New Page" link here or in the navigation panel on the right to jump to a different chapter

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Scientists have come one step closer to creating a synthetic yeast. For more than 15 years, researchers have worked tirelessly to build a complex cell with an entire genome from the ground up. And now they’ve hit a major milestone by managing to combine artificial versions of some of the 16 chromosomes in a single yeast cell successfully. This feat is especially exciting because it reveals more information about the foundational processes within cells. It’s also a major step forward for the vision that some scientists have to create programmable cellular factories that can product medicines, materials, biofuels, and other things. The creation of a synthetic yeast is a mammoth task in and of itself. In fact, Benjamin Blount, one of the co-authors on several new papers published on the topic in Cell and Cell Genomics this week, says that even creating one of these chromosomes is an astounding and difficult task. But then you have to combine all of that together in a way that doesn’t cause it to fall apart. While genetic modification has come a long way in recent years, past attempts to edit things have only seen scientists modifying the individual genes, not the entire chromosomes, so this is a much more complicated process. While they haven’t entirely managed to combine all of them together into a single cell of synthetic yeast, the researchers have created artificial versions of all 16 chromosomes involved. Now, they just need to find some way to bring them together without it falling apart. It’s a difficult task, but one that they will hopefully be able to pull off within the next few years. One step in this process means ensuring the artificial chromosomes are completely indistinguishable from the natural ones, Blount told Axios. So far, scientists have only managed to combine some of the synthetic yeast chromosomes into a single cell. That cell survived and reproduced, so now it’s just a matter of getting the other chromosomes introduced and stable.

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Executive Function Challenges in Adults Understanding executive function skills and their impact on daily life is critical for personal growth and success. Learn about these challenges in adults and be equipped with the next step.Learn More Assistive technology (AT) is any device, software, or equipment that is used to maintain or improve the functional capabilities of a person with a disability, including a learning difference. Technologies include hardware, or physical technologies that are kept on-site at our AT Studio, and software, or technology available via a computer that can potentially be used from home. To learn more about why and how LDS uses AT, head to our AT webpage. MindMeister is a web-based platform that allows for mind mapping—a visual representation of thoughts and ideas. This software lets you make Mind Map bubbles containing text and images, arrange them, and connect them with lines, to help organize and capture ideas a student may have. Mind Maps can be used to organize thoughts, make To Do lists, brainstorm, schedule, and so much more. And because it is an online platform, Mind Maps can be used on any device and used collaboratively on projects. Our RISE Assistive Technology Studio is supported by our thoughtful and generous LDS technology sponsors, including MindMeister. Like all our assistive software tools, LDS offers MindMeister to our students and their families for use in lessons, in school, and at home. To claim your free copy of MindMeister, please email our AT Manager at [email protected]. You can also request an LDS assistive software virtual tour to get an in-depth introduction to our assistive software suite. We also offer MindMeister in our East Vancouver AT Studio, a space dedicated to the collaborative use of leading-edge AT to help our students with learning differences. To learn more about how your child can benefit, email our AT Manager at [email protected].

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During WW2, the British Empire and Dominions raised 8,586,000 men for military service including 2.5 million Asian soldiers who fought against facism. The Indian Army won many awards, including 31 Victoria Crosses. 5 million came from the British Isles 1.5 million from India 629,000 from Canada 413,000 from Australia 136,000 from South Africa 128,500 from New Zealand plus more than 134,000 from other colonies. The Empire fell into two distinct parts. There were the self-governing 'white' Dominions - Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. And there were those regions that were wholly or partly governed from London, including India, which had its own viceroy, as well as the West Indies and British colonies in Africa and the Far East. At the outbreak of war in 1939, India and the other colonial parts of the Empire had no choice and automatically joined in the war on the side of Britain. The Dominions made their own decision to enter the war on the British side. The Irish Free State opted for neutrality. Abstract retrieved on 12/01/2022 from bbc.co.uk

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Guided Reading Pack This Guided Reading Pack is an information text about suffragettes and suffragists. National Curriculum Objectives (England) Reading: English Y5/6: Retrieve, record and present information from non-fiction Spelling: English Y5/6: Continue to distinguish between homophones and other words which are often confused Other: History KS2: Changes in an aspect of social history, such as crime and punishment from the Anglo-Saxons to the present or leisure and entertainment in the 20th Century Level of this Pack: Old National Curriculum (England): 4b New National Curriculum (England): Year 4 Mastery/Year 5 Secure/Year 6 Emerging Book Band: Black PM Benchmark Level: Free Reading Reading Recovery Level: Free Reading Reading Age: 11+ The pack includes: Oral teacher questions with answers for guided reading sessions. Each question is linked to the New National Curriculum (England). Follow-up work with answers. Spelling, punctuation and grammar work related to the text with answers. Vocabulary work related to words in the story. This resource is available to download with a Premium subscription.

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Researchers from Boston University confirmed the presence of specialized brain cells that provide rats with personal maps of their surroundings. They believe that human brains likely have these neurons too, although further research is needed to be certain of this. Now, the team’s findings provide some of the first biological evidence that proves an internal street-view map function does exist, at least in rats — specifically in an area deep in the brain that helps control behavior, the striatum. Using electrodes to see what was happening inside the rats’ brains, the researchers brought the animals into a room containing strategically placed, crushed bits of Froot Loops. As the rats embarked on their sugary scavenger hunt, special brain cells within the striatum — called egocentric boundary cells — appeared to go crazy with activity. These boundary cells fired in different ways to guide the rats through their environment. They said that the boundary cells in the striatum served as each rat’s street-view map, firing in precise ways to say, “You’re close to this wall,” or “There’s a wall on your right.” This information allowed the rat to orient itself throughout its search for the Froot Loops. Source: Science Daily

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Provide engaging math practice and see children’s math and problem-solving skills improve with Skill Sharpeners: Math activity books! The colorful theme-based activities create enjoyable learning experiences for children and improve their math fluency, number sense, and reasoning skills. Completely updated to reflect grade-level standards, the new Skill Sharpeners: Math books are ideal for enrichment, for review, and to help students master “must-know” skills such as: algebra and more Each grade level incorporates the perfect amount of math skill practice and includes word problems that challenge children to apply their understanding. Engaging theme-based units capture children’s interest with colorful visuals to help them solve problems. Each title includes: Rigorous math skill practice that reflects current standards New themed units that present math practice in a fun, colorful format A downloadable teaching guide that provides teaching tips and support for struggling children A “Test Your Skills” page at the end of each unit that lets students review the skills practiced in that unit All-new artwork that engages children with age-appropriate illustrations Skill Sharpeners: Math,grade 3 provides practice for the following skills: addition and subtraction with regrouping write numbers in expanded form divide within 100 even and odd numbers solve multi-step word problems add and subtract within 1,000 count by 5s, 10s, 100s, and 1,000s compare and sequence numbers to 10,000 multiply using arrays tell time to the nearest minute determine the value of money perimeter and area identify attributes of quadrilaterals Each title includes an answer key. These activity books help children understand and master important math skills needed to form a strong math foundation and are ideal for at-home practice, homeschooling, and the classroom! Every Skill Sharpeners workbook now includes a free downloadable Teaching Guide! Skill Sharpeners: MathTeaching Guides include: How to Use directions for teaching math Sample pacing guide to complete lessons and activities Teaching suggestions for helping children learn in different modalities Extension activities that include math journals and problem solving Visual aids to help children understand difficult math strategies

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They hydra takes its name from the mythical monster of ancient Greek myth. The tiny cnidarian got this name for its ability to regenerate from injury and bud off new individuals from its body. The hydra has relatively simple anatomy, and may be studied in introductory biology courses. The phylum Cnidaria includes jellyfish, corals and anemones, in addition to hydras. The hydra resembles a slender sea anemone. At the top of the organism is a number of tentacles arranged in a circle around the hydra's mouth. These tentacles are controlled by a simple neural net. Tiny stinging cells, called nematocysts, cover the tentacles. While harmless to humans, these cells can incapacitate the tiny organisms the hydra eats. Hydras have a very simple digestive tract, similar to most other cnidarians. Unlike mammals, they have a two-way digestive tract, where food enters and waste exits through the same opening. This arrangement is called a "blind gut." This digestive tract takes up space in the middle of the body of the hydra. The body of the hydra consists of several layers of tissue. The epidermis forms the outer layer of tissues. In some hydras, the epidermis secretes a substance called the perimderm, which protects the epidermis. The innermost layer of the hydra is the gastrodermis, which forms the lining of the digestive tract. Sandwiched between the epidermis and gastrodermis is a layer of gooey connective tissue called the mesoglea. Many hydras often have smaller hydras budding off their bodies. This is the main way that hydras reproduce. Some hydras also reproduce by releasing gametes into the water. The fertilized zygote immediately finds a surface and develops into a tiny hydra polyp. The hydra is different from many cndarians in that it does not have a medusa, or jellyfish-like free-swimming stage, to its life cycle. Duncan Smith/Stockbyte/Getty Images

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The presidential election of 1860 featured a four-way race that vividly illustrated the sectional tensions that were tearing the nation apart, and its outcome would detonate the consummation of that sectional split. Democrats, meeting in April at Charleston, South Carolina, were the first to attempt to choose a candidate. But that convention immediately polarized along sectional lines over the candidate and the platform. Northerners, who had a majority of delegates, favored the nomination of Stephen A. Douglas on a platform that repeated the pledge of Democrats' 1856 platform to popular sovereignty, with a modification to take account of the Dred Scott decision. Southerners and a few Northerners loyal to President James Buchanan, who had split with Douglas over the Lecompton constitution, were determined to prevent Douglas's nomination and to secure a platform committed to the enactment of a federal slave code protecting slavery in all federal territories. When the northern Douglasites rejected the Southerners' preferred platform, they bolted the convention, leaving it with an insufficient number of delegates to nominate Douglas. Thus Democrats had to reconvene two later conventions, one at Baltimore and one at Richmond. At Baltimore, Southerners again bolted, and the remaining Northerners then nominated Douglas. The southern bolters then named Vice President John C. Breckinridge as their candidate, a decision that was ratified by the Southerners at Richmond. Some southern Democrats would support Douglas in the race while a few Buchanan loyalists in the North would back Breckinridge, but essentially the Democrats had one candidate in the North and another in the South.

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What if students did homework at school, and took notes at home? Some schools have adopted this approach using Khan Academy, a non-profit website. Students and teachers should use internet resources such as Khan Academy and another non-profit website, Technology Entertainment Design (TED). Sometimes, students just do not understand a particular topic. They ask the teacher and their peers for help, but they do not “get it.” One of the ways these students can “get it” is to go to Khan Academy, which provides over 3,000 educational videos ranging from algebra to civics. In a classroom, the teacher has to move at a pace that the majority of students benefit from. This forces some slower learners to speed up their pace, while forcing quicker learners to slow down. Instead, students can learn at their own pace with Khan Academy videos. Students can pause the lesson and do practice problems if they are struggling. Students can also challenge themselves by viewing videos ahead of the curriculum. Similarly, TED showcases informative and sometimes entertaining educational videos, such as one about Sixth Sense, which is a computer at one’s fingertips. This is a topic not usually taught in school, so the video is an informative way to learn outside of the classroom. Most students do not go home and rave about science to their parents, but this video and other TED videos are so entertaining and informative that they do just that. Instead of notes about a science topic, a related TED video can help students process information in a new way. So when students are struggling with a topic or want to go above and beyond, they should go to Khan Academy or TED to help them. No matter the level, all should utilize internet resources to further learning in the classroom.

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Mountain pine beetle effects on fire behavior Single-age stand conditions and warm climate patterns have led to a large-scale outbreak of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) throughout the Rocky Mountain West. Once infested, trees die, and their needles turn red. Scientists have debated the effect these beetle-killed trees might have on fire behavior, but little is yet known. For example, beetle-killed trees lose their needles over time, and once all the needles have dropped, crown fire danger largely disappears. But researchers currently do not know how long that process takes after infestation and thus how long the trees remain at risk for crown fire initiation and spread. Moreover, these red-needled trees have lower foliar moisture contents than un-attacked trees - leading to increased crown fire potential. Initial findings on the time it takes for trees to lose their needles after a beetle attack indicate that some needles stay on trees for up to four years. Expanding the scope of the study, investigators are currently working with managers to quantify crown fuel changes over time. This will help managers identify how long beetle infested stands remain a crown fire hazard. Researchers also investigated the moisture content of beetle-killed foliage prior to needle loss. They found that red needles have ten times less moisture than healthy foliage, and that red needles ignite four times faster than green needles. Consequently, forests with a large number of beetle-killed trees are at a significantly higher risk of surface fires igniting the crown. Such low fuel moistures could also result in beetle-killed trees spotting ahead of the fire. This research provides insights into the potential use of fuel treatments in beetle-killed forests, increases firefighter awareness of dangerous situations, and assists managers in identifying areas at high risk for ignition and extreme fire behavior. The moisture-study research has not yet been published, but preliminary results have been presented at two fire management conferences and in an Associated Press article. For more information, see http://www.denverpost.com/ci_17969621?source=bb; new study shows beetle killed trees ignite faster [July 1, 2011], or contact Matt Jolly at [email protected] or Russ Parsons at [email protected].

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An Introduction to Problem-Based Learning Problem-based learning (PBL) is a style of learning that may be adapted in its entirety, or as a part of a larger curriculum (as I do with my Human Anatomy and Neuroanatomy classes). PBL, as defined by Dr. Howard Barrows and Ann Kelson of Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, is both a curriculum and a process. The curriculum consists of carefully selected and designed problems that demand from the learner the acquisition of critical knowledge, problem solving proficiency, self-directed learning strategies, and team participation skills. The process replicates the commonly used systemic approach to resolving problems or meeting challenges that are encountered in life and career. In PBL the traditional teacher and student roles change during the problem solving process. The students assume increasing responsibility for their learning, giving them more motivation and more feelings of accomplishment, setting the pattern for them to become successful life-long learners. The faculty in turn become resources, tutors, and evaluators, guiding the students in their problem solving efforts. Students involved in PBL acquire knowledge and become proficient in problem solving, self-directed learning, and team participation. Studies show that PBL prepares students as well as traditional methods. PBL students do as well as their counterparts from traditional classrooms on national exams, but are in fact better practitioners of their professions.

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Slavery persists in the United States today, almost 150 years after the Thirteenth Amendment outlawed it. Modern day slavery, or human trafficking, takes many forms. From forced prostitution to forced domestic labor, the majority of people trafficked are women and children. In 2007 the U.S. Senate designated January 11th as a National Day of Human Trafficking Awareness in an effort to raise consciousness about the problem. As Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who proclaimed that January 11th is Human Trafficking Awareness Day in California, remarks, “Our own vigilance is crucial to rescuing those held captive.” What you can do Grow your awareness throughout this month. On January 4, 2010 President Barack Obama proclaimed that January is National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month.

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Waste from extractive operations (i.e. waste from extraction and processing of mineral resources) is one of the largest waste streams in the EU. It involves materials that must be removed to gain access to the mineral resource, such as topsoil, overburden and waste rock, as well as tailings remaining after minerals have been largely extracted from the ore. Some of these wastes are inert and hence not likely to represent a significant pollutant threat to the environment save for smothering of river beds and possible collapse if stored in large quantities. However, other fractions, in particular those generated by the non-ferrous metal mining industry, may contain large quantities of dangerous substances, such as heavy metals. Through the extraction and subsequent mineral processing, metals and metal compounds tend to become chemically more available, which can result in the generation of acid or alkaline drainage. Moreover, the management of tailings is an intrinsically risky activity, often involving residual processing chemicals and elevated levels of metals. In many cases tailings are stored on heaps or in large ponds, where they are retained by means of dams. The collapse of dams or heaps may have serious impacts on environment and human health and safety. Examples of this are the accidents in Aberfan (Wales, 1966), Stava ( Italy, 1985), Aznalcóllar (Spain, 1998), Baia Mare and Baia Borsa (Romania, 2000). Other likely significant impacts relate to the physical footprints of waste disposal facilities and resulting loss of land productivity, effects on ecosystems, dust and erosion. These impacts can have lasting environmental and socio-economic consequences and be extremely difficult and costly to address through remedial measures. Wastes from the extractive industries have therefore to be properly managed in order to ensure in particular the long-term stability of disposal facilities and to prevent or minimise any water and soil pollution arising from acid or alkaline drainage and leaching of heavy metals. A comprehensive framework for the safe management of waste from extractive industries at EU level is now in place comprising:

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Plague is a disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. In its most common form, plague is also known as the bubonic plague. Buboes are the painful, swollen lymph nodes that are often found in people infected with Y. pestis. However, the bacterium can also cause disease in the lungs, the blood stream, and the central nervous system. These diseases are referred to as pneumonic plague, septicemic plague, and meningeal plague. Y. pestis typically causes disease in rodents and other animals, but it can be spread to humans. If left untreated, plague is fatal 50 to 100 percent of the time depending on where the infection is found in the human body. Plague is reportable to the Iowa Department of Public Health by Iowa Administrative Code 641 IAC 1.

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on purchases over $50 on purchases over $65 on purchases over $80 If you need any help, don't hesitate to contact us. Click the button below.Speak to us This unit of work is based on storytelling. The tasks in all content strands will relate to the art of storytelling. The students will jointly construct and then independently construct written narratives in the form of myths, fables and folktales. The reading tasks are aimed at developing the students’ reading skills, and deepening their understanding of different examples of myths, fables and folktales, by examining specific events and settings and characters. The students will engage in talking and listening tasks, which will develop their listening skills and their understanding of the art of storytelling.

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Crocs and Alligators Have Sensitive Jaws Scientists have discovered that the tiny bumps dotting the bodies and faces of crocodiles and alligators are sensitive and can help sense a prey. Like Us on Facebook Researchers Ken Catania and Duncan Leitch from Vanderbilt University, Nashville, found that these special dots are made up of cells which are pressure and vibration sensitive and come in handy when hunting. Crocodiles have the bumps on their jaws and alligators on most of their bodies. "The jaws of crocodiles seem to be unique and can almost be said to perform some of the tactile functions of human hands," Leitch told BBC. "When I used a calibrated series of fibers to touch or tickle the [bumps], I found that they were responsive to forces finer than our own fingertips - a sensory system widely studied for its own sensitivity. I found that there were many specialized cell receptor types - many of which are very similar to those found in human skin," said Leitch, adding to the earlier known theories on these pores like spots being electrical or magnetic receptors in nature. Leitch drew parallels with human sensitivity and said these reptilians also use the sensation of touch to differentiate threats, harmless objects and potential food. Crocodiles and alligators can snap at their prey at a speed of 50 milliseconds but they are known to carry their young ones around in the same jaw. "It seems to make sense that an animal that might need to carefully discriminate between inedible objects and food, especially in dark or nocturnal environments, would be well-served by having an exquisite sense of touch," Leitch further said. "Crocodilians are not an ancestor to humans, but they are an important branch that allows us to fill in key parts of the evolutionary puzzle for how sensory maps in the fore brain have evolved', researcher Catania told BBC. The findings of the study are published in the Journal of Experimental Biology.

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Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2002 January 6 Explanation: Are stars better appreciated for their art after they die? Actually, stars usually create their most artistic displays as they die. In the case of low-mass stars like our Sun and M2-9 pictured above, the stars transform themselves from normal stars to white dwarfs by casting off their outer gaseous envelopes. The expended gas frequently forms an impressive display called a planetary nebula that fades gradually over thousand of years. M2-9, a butterfly planetary nebula 2100 light-years away shown in representative colours, has wings that tell a strange but incomplete tale. In the centre, two stars orbit inside a gaseous disk 10 times the orbit of Pluto. The expelled envelope of the dying star breaks out from the disk creating the bipolar appearance. Much remains unknown about the physical processes that cause planetary nebulae. Authors & editors: Jerry Bonnell (USRA) NASA Technical Rep.: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply. A service of: LHEA at NASA/ GSFC & Michigan Tech. U.

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Bonsai is the art of maintaining miniature plants through an exacting regimen of pruning and care. As with their standard-size counterparts, bonsai plants are subject to disease and insect pests, but because of their exacting growing conditions, they may suffer adverse effects more quickly. Promptly treat any signs of insects or disease, such as sticky dropping leaves. Sticky falling leaves are almost always caused by aphids or scales. Aphids are small insects that live on the undersides of many ornamental plants, including bonsai. They may be brown, green, red or grey, and are usually wingless. Scales are very small, wingless insects that live in colonies on the twigs and stems of bonsai and other ornamental plants. They have an overlapping appearance that resembles scales. Both insect pests suck the sap from bonsai plants, causing the leaves to turn yellow, wilt and drop. They secrete a sticky substance known as honeydew. Look under the bonsai plant's leaves for aphids. They may also hide inside curled leaves. Ants feed on honeydew and are often present during aphid infestations. Examine the twigs and branches of the bonsai for scalelike growths. Take the bonsai outdoors if it is a houseplant. Wash it with a steady stream of water, covering the undersides of the leaves as well as the tops. Spray the plant with insecticidal soap, covering the plant completely. The soap coats the soft bodies of aphids and scales, drying them out and killing them. Rub the scales off with a soft cloth. Some plants are more susceptible to aphid and scale infestations than others. When selecting a bonsai plant, choose one that is disease- and insect-resistant. Give it the proper amount of light, water and fertiliser required for that particular plant, and prune it regularly to maintain its health and shape. Healthy bonsai plants are better able to withstand disease and insect infestations.

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Injury to half the spinal cord, or “hemisection of the cord,” can occur with trauma, tumor, or disc herniation. But most often it is seen in textbooks and in med school exams! The injury produces a unique constellation of findings: loss of motor and fine touch on the same side as the injury, and loss of pain/temperature on the opposite side. This is the Brown-Sequard syndrome. Here’s how it happens. First to orient you to the cartoons. We all know what this is. The brain, actually! And now the brain with the brainstem and spinal cord. Of all the tracts in the spinal cord, there are really only three you need to know to get started. There is one efferent pathway, the corticospinal tract that carries motor signals from the brain to the body. There are two afferent pathways that carry sensory information to the brain, the dorsal columns which carry proprioception and fine touch, and the spinothalamic tract which transmits pain and temperature. Note the location of the “crossover” of these tracts. This crossover point is the key to understanding the clinical features of the Brown-Sequard syndrome. The corticospinal tract and the dorsal columns cross over in the medulla, at the “decussation of pyramids.” By contrast, the spinothalamic tract doesn’t cross to the opposite side until it exits from the cord. So what if you have an injury to the left side of the cord. What will be the expected clinical findings? What neuro deficits will result? This is the Brown-Sequard syndrome. Loss of motor and fine touch ipsilateral to the lesion, and contralateral loss of pain and temperature.

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Y9 were set the challenge this week to determine the best course of action during a volcanic eruption! In groups of three, students had to take the roles of information coordinator, vulcanologist and crisis manager, and then take part in a simulation game where new events unfolded through the lesson, information had to be collated and applied to the topography and settlements on Montserrat, and then a decision made as to the best response. Pressure was on as the simulation was designed to be like the real thing with new information and reports coming thick and fast! Points were awarded for the most logical and effective risk response (without causing a panic amongst the residents and creating further problems) and finally students were asked to create a zone map based on likely risk. This enabled them to consider how managing hazards can be a major issue, and how scenarios can change unexpectedly.

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James and Louise Temerty Galleries of the Age of Dinosaurs, Level 2 Visit the ROM to see a dinosaur discovery, recently named, Wendiceratops pinhornensis. One of the oldest members of the horned dinosaur family Ceratopsidae, which includes the famous Triceratops, the new dinosaur lived during the Late Cretaceous, 79 million years ago, in what is now the Milk River badlands of southern Alberta. Dinosaurs from this time are poorly understood compared to those from the later rocks of Dinosaur Provincial Park or the Drumheller region. Horned dinosaur species differ from one another mainly by the arrangement of horns on their faces and neck shields, and in this respect, Wendiceratops was among the most ornamented species in this group. It reached approximately 7 metres in length and 1.5 metres in height, and weighed in at roughly 2,000 kilograms. It lived alongside other ceratopsid species, as well as tyrannosaurids, duckbills, and armored dinosaurs. The bones of Wendiceratops pinhornensis were discovered by renowned fossil finder Wendy Sloboda in 2010, and excavated over the following three field seasons by the ROM’s Dr. David Evans and Dr. Michael Ryan of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History as part of their Southern Alberta Dinosaur Project, which has introduced six new species to Canada’s list of dinosaurs in the last five years. A special thanks to Lori Taraba of Niagra Falls for helping us to nickname our newest dinosaur, Cornelius! Follow @ROMPalaeo on Twitter for more dino discoveries. This discovery was featured on Dino Hunt Canada on History Canada. Interested in reading more about the fantastic new Dino discovery? Dino Hunt Canada is organized by the Royal Ontario Museum, Shaw Media, Secret Location and Cream Productions.

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HOW STORMS FORECAST CENTER GREW KANSAS CITY, MO. — In the early 1950s, a small group of National Weather Service meteorologists began issuing tornado and thunderstorm forecasts. By 1954, the group moved to Kansas City - a communications hub near tornado alley - and became the National Severe Storms Forecast Center. At that time, meteorologists worked with primitive computers. "You were limited in how much of the physics of the atmosphere you could actually model because of the limitations of the computer," says Frederick Ostby, director of the forecast center. As the computers "got bigger and faster the modelers were able to get a more realistic representation of the atmosphere, so the accuracy improved gradually over the years. "The biggest leap forward probably came with the advent of the satellite," he says. "And when we had the stable geostationary satellite in the early- to mid-'70s, we could actually see what was going on. You didn't have to wait for an observation from this airport or that airport." Today, 40 full-time meteorologists work three shifts seven days a week searching data for severe weather across the US. It's a tough job because "we're working on a scale that is so small ... we're trying to find a tornado that's less than a mile across," Mr. Ostby says. Tornado statistics over the years illustrate the center's effectiveness. In the '30s, 1,685 tornadoes were spotted, and tornado deaths totaled 1,947. By the '80s, forecasters logged 8,194 twisters and only 520 fatalities. Ostby says the number of tornadoes hasn't increased: "I believe it's mostly that we're spotting them better." Despite advances in weather forecasting, tornado spotters - trained people who go out with two-way radios looking for black swirling masses of air once a tornado watch is issued - still exist and will for a long time, he says.

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You're standing in front of a square mirror that's 300 mm on a side. There's a tiled wall behind you in which the tiles are squares 150 mm on a side. When you look in the mirror, you see exactly 25 of these tiles--or rather you would, if your body didn't get in the way of some of them. Without being told the width of the room, identify what fraction of the way from the mirror to the tiled wall that you are located. I suppose that you are standing in the center of the mirror. The surface you see behind you is a square with sides 150 x SQRT(25) or 750 mm side. The reflection angle of the light in the mirror is the same as the entrance angle (I suppose it is a flat mirror). Now draw a triangle from yourself to the edges of the mirror and from these points draw a line to the wall behind you. Mirror this triangle around the mirror (This indeed sounds strange), this way you would be behind the mirror, on the top of an equilateral triangle. The distance you are from the mirror is 300/750 or 40 % of the distance between the mirror and the wall Posted by Hugo on 2005-01-13 13:38:21

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Viruses / Worms / Trojans The word virus is often used to describe three different types of computer infections: worms, trojans and viruses. These are malicious programs that get installed on a computer, often without the knowledge of the user, and can lead to privacy being invaded and/or data being destroyed or corrupted on users’ hard drives. These infections are primarily spread in the following ways: - Viruses: via e-mail attachments and file sharing - Worms: by being connected to the Internet without effective protection (read on for more info) - Trojans: by visiting corrupted web sites Symptoms of Problems Symptoms of an infected computer include: - Computer is unstable and crashing frequently - Slow Internet connection - You receive a call from your Internet technical support alerting you of the situation - Install a virus-checking program, and keep it up-to-date. It is worth noting that some viruses will disable virus checkers and you may need to try a few different programs to find and remove an infection. - Links to some common virus checking programs: - Install a firewall or router (with firewall built in). - Links to some common firewalls programs: - Microsoft provides free support for virus and Trojan infection cleanup: - Do not open e-mail from sources you are not expecting - Do not open any attachments unless you are expecting the file - Have a good virus checking program that is kept up-to-date - Have a good firewall installed and running

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Each patient may have one or all of the symptoms. It can sometimes start to interfere with daily activities and may lead to a life-threatening asthma attack. Increasing pollution in the National capital Region in India is causing an exponential rise in the prevalence of Asthma here. Patients here continue to suffer from chronic cough and wheezing for years and are prescribed cough syrups and courses of antibiotics by general practioners before reaching the right diagnosis of Asthma. For many asthma sufferers, timing of these symptoms is closely related to physical activity. And, some otherwise healthy people can develop asthma symptoms only when exercising. This is called exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Staying active is an important way to stay healthy, so asthma shouldn’t keep you on the sidelines. People with a family history of allergies or asthma are more prone to developing asthma. Many people with asthma also have allergies. This is called allergic asthma. Occupational asthma is caused by inhaling fumes, gases, dust or other potentially harmful substances while on the job. Childhood asthma impacts millions of children and their families. In fact, the majority of children who develop asthma do so before the age of five.

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Under the Mongol Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), China, for the first time in its long history, was subjugated by foreign conquerors, becoming part of the Mongol Empire. Yet during this century of occupation, Chinese culture not only survived but was renewed, and Yuan artists established new paradigms that had a profound influence on painting and calligraphy during the ensuing Ming dynasty (1368–1644). The installation is organized chronologically into three sections. The first section, which focuses on the period from 1280 to 1350, illustrates the response of literati living in south China to Mongol occupation. Having withdrawn from government service out of loyalty to the fallen Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279) or having been prevented from serving due to the cessation of civil service examinations, these men often found sanctuary in the alternate bureaucracies of the Daoist or Buddhist religious establishments. Turning to art to express their emotions, they created escapist visions of unattainable paradises or wintry landscapes in which old trees became a metaphor for survival. Mongols ruled China from 1271 - 1368

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The Library of Congress has released a number of fascinating pictures of one of America’s best known presidents. The set, Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), is part of a series of photos released by the Library, and others, in the Flickr Commons, to commemorate the 200th anniversary of President Lincoln’s birth on February 12, 1809. President Lincoln is without doubt one of the most well-recognized figures in American history. But in reality we really only know what he looked like from only a handful of images: a photo in a grade-school history text, a visit to the Lincoln Memorial, or the iconic image of him on the five dollar bill. But really, photography figured prominently in President Lincoln’s life and happily many of those pictures have been preserved by the Library and other institutions. Most of these portraits have rarely been seen by a wide audience, and they offer a glimpse into a fuller portrait of the man we know as ‘Honest Abe’, who lived in a log cabin, steered the country through Civil War, and ended slavery. Beyond the iconic image on the currency, what these pictures reveal about President Lincoln is quite wonderful, down to the emergence of his beard and changing haircuts, as he evolved from a young Senator to America’s 16th President. Photos by the Library of Congress. Visit the Library’s blog for more information.

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Did you know that the summer solstice sun never sets at the Arctic Circle, and above that latitude the summer sun continues to shine at midnight for days or weeks? It’s a wonderful time to visit Scandinavia. Scandinavia stretches from northern Germany all the way into the Arctic circle and includes Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. What causes the Midnight Sun? This phenomenon is caused by the tilt in the Earth´s axis – an imaginary line through the planet between the north and south poles around which it rotates. As the Earth orbits the Sun, the tilt makes the North Pole face towards the Sun in summer (keeping it in sunlight even as the Earth spins) and away from it in winter (keeping it dark). And so, the continuous sunlight during the summer. Because of this, there are many connections between culture and the sky throughout these long-lit days. Join us June 12 – 27 as we travel to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. This unusual journey is co-sponsored by UCLA extension. Highlights of this adventure include the nine UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Kronborg Castle, Roskilde Cathedral, Trelleborg Viking Fortress, Jelling with massive carved rune stones from the 10th century, Tanum’s 40,000 petroglyphs, a station of the Struve Geodetic Arc, Alta Museum with the largest concentration of rock art in northern Europe, the 17th century royal palace of Drottningholm, and Gotland’s captivating walled medieval town of Visby. The itinerary includes bronze-age petroglyphs; megalithic tombs; ancient Viking monuments; the ruins of Tycho Brahe’s observatory; medieval villages, churches, and palaces; the Arctic Circle; and the midnight sun. Dr. E.C. Krupp is our tour leader. He is an astronomer and the director of the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles. His enthusiasm is infectious and his knowledge of archaeoastronomy makes him an exceptional teacher!

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In 1936, a group of northwestern Ohio farmers decided to take advantage of a federal program offered by the Rural Electrification Administration (REA) and form an electric cooperative. They named the cooperative North Western Electric and its purpose was to provide electricity for the people of rural Williams and Defiance counties. In January of 1938, the distribution lines were energized for the first time. At that time, customers only used about 40 KWH per month. Today, that total average is nearly 1,100 KWH. North Western serves 6,050 customers with a system consisting of 69 miles of high voltage transmission lines, 863 miles of overhead distribution lines and 125 miles of underground distribution lines. Nine substations, ranging in size from 2,500 KVA to 10,000 KVA, keep the electricity flowing.

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Autosomal Recessive Inheritance Read this page to find out how parents with normal hearing can have a child with genetic hearing loss. You might think, “How can my child have a genetic hearing loss if both his father and I have normal hearing?” Very often when there is genetic hearing loss, both parents have normal hearing. They may not even know of anyone in their families with hearing loss. This is possible when each parent has just one recessive gene for hearing loss. If 1 of their children gets 2 recessive genes (1 from each parent), he would have hearing loss. Here’s a picture that shows how it works. In this picture the small “d” stands for the recessive gene for hearing loss. The large “D” stands for the dominant gene, which means no hearing loss. Each parent has “Dd,” which means no hearing loss. A child would only have hearing loss if he got “dd.” Each child has a 1 in 4 chance of getting dd, and having hearing loss. How can my child’s hearing loss be genetic if there are no other people with hearing loss in our families? A parent with hearing loss could also have the recessive gene. Recessive genes that cause hearing loss Many genetics clinics will test for the connexin 26 gene mutation. There are also many other recessive genes that can cause hearing loss. But there aren’t tests for most of these genes. So if your child doesn’t have the connexin 26 gene mutation, you may not find out what is causing his hearing loss. If you think you might want to find out if your child has genetic hearing loss, read more about getting genetic counseling testing.

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Definition (general) : A statement of what something is. It commonly has the form [Name] is a [Category] that [Point of Difference]. This form enables a person to learn new knowledge by building on what's already understood. For example, the definition of a horse might be as follows: A horse (name) is an animal (known category) that has four legs and mane and runs fast (point of difference -- how a horse is different from other animals). So a person who knows what an animal is, but doesn't understand what a horse is, can add to his or her knowledge in this way. In a scientific sense, a definition is a description which is valid under precisely stated conditions.

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Helenistic art is a reflection of eclectic culture. We come across Helenism as a period of change in every kind of field. Social and economic difference of the Greek enabled them to turn into multi national structure from a perspective of a political site state run and to unite different nations in the same place. Alexander’s Eastern expedition (battle/fight) made also a cultural movement, This structural change was followed by forming stat-run instutions and wealth in religions, ideal forms in Helenistic sculpture arts made ideals get materialized by leaving its place to a naturalistic perspective. Helenstic artist, by this way, was able to open the doors of unlimited World that he formed in his own mind. The subjects in the sculptures were those from social life. By this way, we enabled us to be able to see the effect of epicurism and stocism which were the philasophical ideas of Helenistic period Therefore, lt can be said that there is a human image in Helenistic art. Helenistic understanding which was based on individual showed its effect also on sculptures. Human characters are reflected in a realistic way. The topics, from that time, were about ordinary people, children, drunk wamen and all segments of society. The impact of Epicurus and Stoa philosophy on the society enabled the art to be oriented to human, and enabled the heavenly art to be on the earth. Helenism which gave a spiritual meanig to the stone, undersigned beautiful work. The new human image which powerful minds explored showed itself in all its dimensions. Keywords: Art, Helenism, Sculpture

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6) Be patient with new concepts and/or repetitions of booklets. Repetition, if necessary, is so important to prepare for more advanced learning as well as standardized testing. While mastering a skill, sometimes extra practice is needed. Does anyone become proficient scoring soccer goals during the first practice? Likely not! Addition facts and reading comprehension should be treated the same way. Mastering a skill with confidence is different than simply understanding how to do it. Some students may want to stop the program when the work becomes more challenging. This is the most important time to encourage and persevere. It is better to learn and master new topics at Gideon to stay a step ahead with no school grades or pressure. While you may become frustrated if your child struggles to make the time or mistake standards, remember we are solidifying the foundation of this ‘house’. We cannot build the second floor if the first is not finished. The entire structure could collapse later. To help speed things along, you can do extra oral fact drills and have your student read the words or passages aloud. It is vital to home grade (math drill only) and have your student complete corrections before the next day’s work.

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A foreign key is generally a primary key from one table that appears as a field in another where the first table has a relationship to the second. For example if we had a table A with a primary key X that linked to a table B where X was a field in B, then X would be a foreign key in B. An example might be a student table that contains the course_id the student is attending. Another table lists the courses on offer with course_id being the primary key. The 2 tables are linked through course_id and as such course_id would be a foreign key in the student table. Foreign keys are both a method of ensuring data integrity and a manifestation of the relationship between tables. It is also known as referential integrity. Foreign Key is a field in database table that is Primary key in another table. It can accept multiple null, duplicate values. We can have more than one foreign key in a table. It allows referencing another table using the primary key for the other table. A foreign key is a key used to link two tables together. A foreign key is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the primary key in another table. The table containing the foreign key is called the child table, and the table containing the candidate key is called the referenced or parent table. The foreign key constraint is used to prevent actions that would destroy links between tables.

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Today is dress/talk like a pirate day. Many of our friends showed up in pirate attire. Some of the children used a blue tarp in the yard as water and built a pirate ship on top. Others used natural materials to make a sword. Outside we write a book about pirates And then we went on a Treasure hunt for gold X marks the spot ! ( Well, that’s one of 26 letters we should know through play . 🤷🏻♀️) We worked together to find the part loot and looked in many places. Finally it was found and we all shared . But what is a pirate day without water. The children are at the water container pouring water back-and-forth between two containers. They watch as the water overflows and runs down the side. They feel the cool liquid against their skin and listen to the sound of the water as it moves. They observe the containers that float and those that sink, and try to get the one that is heavier to float. They are exploring, discovering, and testing objects in the water. Children, and adults as well, are naturally drawn to water. Water is comforting and soothing. The feel and sounds are pleasing. The natural attraction makes the water a perfect activity for every school classroom. Just think of all the learning that goes on! Children experiment with cause-and-effect, refine problem-solving skills, and learning with basic math concepts such as volume, measuring, and comparing. As your child takes a bath, encourage water play by adding different sizes of containers to fill or empty or different household objects that will sink or float. Colanders and other objects with holes are sure to create some interesting challenges. As your child and you explore the materials, talk about your discoveries together. Extend the learning by asking questions such as ” what would happen if …-?” Or ” how does the water feel? ” “What do you think happened?” More opportunities for home water play include watering plants, adding water to the sandbox, blowing bubbles through a variety of frames, and freezing or melting water. We have access to water daily through a rain barrel. But would it really be pirate day if we didn’t walk the plank ?

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DUAL LANGUAGE PROGRAM INFORMATION Dual Language Programs are a Choice Program. It is an additive bilingual program where students engage in formal second language study from Kindergarten to 6th grades. In Dual Language programs both native speakers of the target language and non-target language speakers are mixed together in the same classroom. All students are taught to read and write first in the target language. Randall will be implementing a Spanish/English Dual Language Program. The goals are the same for all Dual Language Immersion Programs and requires the program to be carefully designed K-high school in order to help students achieve high levels of bilingualism, grade level or above reading, writing abilities in two languages and understand how to use the language with the people that speak the language in formal and informal situations. Randall will implement a 90-10 program model: 90% Spanish and 10% English in Kinder and 1st grade. The amount of English increases every year after until in 5th and 6th grade students work 50% of the day in Spanish and 50% in English. The teachers deliver monolingual instruction. The day is split via content area--certain subjects are taught in Spanish others in English. For example, in Kinder, the language of instruction is Spanish for language arts, math, science, social studies, and P.E. English is the language of instruction for English Language Development. Spanish Reading: Benchmark Education English Reading: To be piloted in 2016-17 Writing in English: Writer’s Workshop Math: Math in Focus In Addition, Randall will be adopting the SEAL (Sobrato Early Academic Language) Model for the instructional framework for Science and Social Science beginning with grades TK-1 in the 2016-17 school year.

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AUTONOMOUS cars perceive the world through a combination of sensors including cameras, radar and LIDAR—a radar-like technique that uses invisible pulses of light to create a high-resolution 3D map of the surrounding area. The three complement each other. Cameras are cheap and can see street signs and road markings, but cannot measure distance; radar can measure distance and velocity, but cannot see in fine detail; LIDAR provides fine detail but is expensive and gets confused by snow. Most people working on autonomous vehicles believe a combination of sensors is needed to ensure safety and reliability. Having combined the data from its sensors, the car needs to identify the items around it: other vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists, road markings, road signs and so forth. Humans are much better at this than machines, which have to be trained with lots of carefully labelled examples. One way to obtain them is to pay people to label images manually. Mighty AI, based in Seattle, has an online community of 300,000 people who carefully label images of street scenes, drawing boxes around cars, trees and so forth, for a range of automotive clients. The labelled images are then used to train vision systems used in autonomous cars. The hardest things to identify are rarely seen items such as debris on the road or plastic bags blowing across a highway. In the early days of Google’s autonomous vehicle project, its perception module could not distinguish a plastic bag from a flying child. Puddles on the road also caused confusion. Combining data from multiple sensors, however, can reveal whether an item in the road is a solid obstacle or not. Cars can also compare their sensor readings with those gathered previously by other cars on the same road, learning from each other’s experiences in a process called “fleet learning”. That may give an edge to first movers who have already racked up thousands or millions of miles of self-driving experience—and the associated gigabytes of driving data. Read more about driverless vehicles in our special report, Reinventing wheels

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The division of powers between local, state/territory and federal levels of government in Australia (ACHCK048) Learn how the three tiers of government impact upon Elsie and Ellay’s daily lives. The concept of the separation of powers between the legislature, executive and judiciary and how it seeks to prevent the excessive concentration of power (ACHCK048) Meet Parliamentary Pat, Executive Ewan and Judiciary Jane, the Tripod Party Planners, who symbolise the three different branches of our Westminster system of democracy. How citizens can participate in Australia’s democracy, including use of the electoral system, contact with their elected representatives, use of lobby groups and direct action (ACHCK062) The freedoms that enable active participation in Australia’s democracy within the bounds of law, including freedom of speech, association, assembly, religion and movement (ACHCK61) Elsie and Ellay campaign to save their school from closure. Learn how to participate in democracy by undertaking a lively lobbying exercise. How laws are made in Australia through Parliaments (ACHCK063) What does soccer have to do with how laws are made in Western Australia? In this module, absolutely everything! Elsie and Ellay use this analogy to explain how a law is passed in State Parliament.

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Covid-19 and air pollution – fine dust could be a silent helper of the virus Where does this deviation come from and what can we derive from it? On the one hand, it must be assumed that the population groups living there already exhibit greater fragility and pathology of the respiratory and cardiovascular system due to the regular exceedance of the particulate matter limits. In other words, they belong to the high-risk group, so to speak. Lombardy is the Italian region that suffers most from air pollution. Secondly, the Italian team claims that particulate matter is an “effective vector for the transport, spread and proliferation of viral infections”. They assume that viruses can adhere to smog particles and especially fine dust particles and thus remain in the air for several days and can travel over longer distances. As early as 2018, a team in Spain was able to prove that viruses, just like bacteria, can adhere to dust particles, especially desert sand or organic particles from sea haze, and can be carried up to tropospheric levels. What does this mean for ATMOS Aerosol Research? The technology of ATMOS Aerosol Research allows to access satellite data of the last 20 years and thus to derive trends about the dispersion of particles in the air for future events.

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What is it? Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease marked by scarring in the lungs. Tissue deep in the lungs become thick, stiff, and scarred. This scarring is called fibrosis. Risks and symptoms The scarring of the lung tissue interferes with a person’s ability to breathe. Pulmonary fibrosis can lead to other medical problems, including collapsed lungs, lung infections, blood clots in the lungs, and lung cancer. The disease can also lead to respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. Most cases of pulmonary fibrosis have no known cause. Cigarette smoking, certain viral infections, exposure to environmental pollutants, certain medications, genetics, and gastroesophageal reflux disease may increase the risk of pulmonary fibrosis. There is no cure for pulmonary fibrosis. A person with pulmonary fibrosis may need supplemental oxygen to help with breathing. Your doctor may prescribe prednisone, n-acetyl cysteine, azathioprine, or cyclophosphamide to reduce inflammation. There are several new medications that have shown significant effectiveness in helping to manage the disease/symptom progression in many patients. If you are younger than 65, your doctor may recommended a lung transplant.

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Cyclone Laurence had moved far inland over Western Australia by the time the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured this image 10:15 a.m. local time on December 22, 2009. The storm had come ashore late the previous afternoon, battering the coast with destructive winds that damaged structures along Western Australia’s northern coast. Though still a formidable storm, Laurence was clearly weakening when this image was acquired. The storm no longer had a visible eye, as it did on December 21, nor did it have its previous compact circular shape. The bands of clouds that spiraled around the center of the storm were more spread out, indicating that the storm was losing its circulation after being cut off from the warm water that fueled it. Despite all this, Laurence still had the distinctive shape of a tropical cyclone in this image. Laurence damaged buildings and cut power and phone lines in Western Australia, said the Sydney Morning Herald. No injuries or deaths had been reported as of December 23 (Australian time). NASA Earth Observatory image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of the MODIS Rapid Response team. Tropical Cyclone Laurence had moved inland over Western Australia when this photo-like image was acquired on December 22, 2009.

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These two streams of sap, one going up and the other returning to the roots, each in its proper channel, are interspersed with air chambers that extend from the center of the tree out toward the bark, where they end in inconspicuous dots called lenticels. It is as though nature had provided an air-cooling device for the constant activity of these diverse currents. These lenticels are prominent on the bark of cherry, but whether obvious or not they are found in nearly all woody stems and insure a constant supply of fresh air to the busy interior. In palms, sugar cane, corn, bamboo, and many other plants there is not any distinction between heartwood and sapwood, and in place of bark there is nothing but an outer rind, harder than the interior tissue. Such stems do not usually rot first at the center, have no cambium, and have no annual rings. This method of growth and structure is associated nearly always with definite leaf and flower forms peculiar to it and differing from most other plants. So fundamental are these characteristics, so uniform their occurrence and so clear are the distinctions between them and other plants that botanists have divided all flowering plants into those belonging to this group or to some others. More will be said of this in the chapter on the Families of Plants and Their Relationship.

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I enjoyed reading the recent summary of insectivorous plants in the Outer Hebrides and was reminded of it whilst taking part in my ritual but futile summer Horsetail pulling. Like many, my garden is riddled with horsetail and we have an uneasy truce. It grows, I pull it up, it grows, I pull and so on over the course of the summer. One of the beds I was weeding recently had Teasels (Dipsacus fullonum) growing in it. Having carnivorous plants at the back of my mind triggered a memory of how Teasels have been considered, by some, to be carnivorous. The base of the leaves form a watertight collecting vessel that readily fills with rainwater. Francis Darwin (son of Charles Darwin) was the first to suggest that insects trapped in these water filled receptacles might be a source of extra nutrients and in essence Teasel should be added to our list of carnivorous species. A quick glance into the base of one of the teasels showed a number of diptera had been trapped. They were mostly midges and gnats of one form or another and most of the leaf bases had some present. But does this make them carnivorous? A number of people have tried to show an effect with mixed results. One study showed that removing the insects collected in the bases of one set of teasels reduced the number and mass of seeds produced when compared to teasels that had been allowed to keep their insects. Other studies have shown no effect of trapped insects on Teasel growth or biomass production. The evidence is ambiguous. Research has shown that Teasels don’t have the enzymes necessary for the breakdown of trapped insects. It’s unlikely then that they can truly be considered carnivorous. At best, they may take some small advantage of any natural release of nutrients from the trapped insects. So for the present we had better stick to Sundews, Butterworts and Bladderworts as our examples of insectivorous plants. But maybe over time Teasels will evolve a true ability to exploit their insect trapping habits.

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Selection allows us to be fussy about what code we run, and when. It allows events to occur if certain conditions are met. Using the ‘making a cup of tea’ analogy, think about adding milk or sugar. We want to have the choice about whether milk and sugar are added to the tea, and not make an assumption. They act like questions e.g. Is sugar required? In programming, we ‘ask a question’ using an ‘IF’ statement. IF answer to ‘Would you like sugar’ = True don’t add sugar. Selection allows us to add a level of complexity and interactivity that otherwise wouldn’t be possible. In this example of code, the use of selection (an ‘IF’ statement) allows us to turn a Sparkle to green, when the button is pressed. When the button isn’t being pressed the Sparkle will be purple. The use of selection is evident within most programs, and not much is achievable without it. Head over to our projects pages to put this into practice.

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IN VITRO FERTILISATION (IVF) In vitro fertilization or IVF, is the most common and effective type of assisted reproductive technology to help women become pregnant. It involves fertilizing an egg outside the body, in a laboratory dish, and then implanting it in a woman's uterus. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) can help achieve pregnancy when other treatments have not worked. The process involves fertilizing an egg outside the body and implanting it to continue the pregnancy. One percent of babies born in the United States are conceived through IVF. There is a higher chance of multiple births with IVF. In a normal pregnancy, a male sperm penetrates a woman's egg and fertilizes it inside her body after ovulation, when a mature egg has been released from the ovaries. The fertilized egg then attaches itself to the wall of the uterus, or womb, and begins developing into a baby. This is known as natural conception. DNA sequencing technology helps doctors screen embryos created by IVF to identify those most likely to lead to successful pregnancies.

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Knowing The Signs Of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Vitamin B12 is a critical part of a healthy diet because the vitamin is needed to produce new red blood cells. Too few red blood cells can lead to a condition called anemia. Blood cells are required to transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. Without the nutrients and oxygen, people can feel very ill. B12 is also essential for the spinal cord, muscle, and nerve function. B12 can only be found in food or supplements. What causes vitamin B12 deficiency? A vitamin B12 deficiency is caused by low vitamin B levels either by a lack of vitamin B through the diet or an inability to absorb the vitamin. People who eat a lot of animal products, are malnourished, or follow strict diets can be at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency. Poor absorption can be caused by certain bowel diseases, alcohol abuse, medications, and a lack of a protein needed to absorb the vitamin. Signs of deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency can range in symptoms and severity by the person. Symptoms include fatigue, depression, lack of appetite, lack of focus, unusual bowel habits, shortness of breath, pale skin, confusion, and numbness in the hands and feet. These symptoms of a deficiency are often slow to develop. A healthcare provider can perform a physical examination and look for signs and symptoms associated with vitamin B12 deficiencies. A doctor will individually test a person’s nervous system, such as reflexes, memory, strength, and sensation in the extremities. Blood tests can measure B12 levels, and stomach or intestinal testing can find underlying issues. A healthy diet is the best treatment Vitamin B12 can stem from a variety of causes. The best way to treat the deficiency is to increase the level of vitamin B12, primarily through a healthy diet. Some substances can reduce B12 absorption, so moderating the use of medication, alcohol, and gluten can help. Oral supplements and injections can be last-ditch efforts for treatment. Vitamin B12 deficiencies are not considered common. Signs and symptoms can be easily treated early to prevent permanent damage. People with a healthy diet don’t need to worry about the deficiency. For those at risk of a vitamin B12 deficiency, however, eating vitamin B-rich foods can go a long way. Speak with a pharmacist or healthcare provider for more information about starting a B12 supplement.

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Remembering the Horrors of Dachau Seventy-five years ago, Nazi police chief Heinrich Himmler announced the opening of the first Nazi concentration camp for political prisoners, ushering in one of the most tragic chapters in modern history. Dachau, located about 10 miles northwest of Munich, opened in March 1933, weeks after Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. Initially, most prisoners were opponents of the Nazi government, including Communists, trade unionists and Social Democrats. But by 1938, there were about 10,000 Jewish prisoners at Dachau. It eventually would hold as many as 188,000 prisoners, and the Nazis used Dachau as a model and training center for its other concentration camps. As at other Nazi camps, the conditions at Dachau were deplorable. Prisoners were used not only for forced labor, but for medical experiments by German doctors. Dachau was divided into two areas — the living quarters and the crematoria. An electrified barbed-wire fence, a ditch and a wall with seven guard towers surrounded the camp. When American forces liberated Dachau and its subcamps on April 29, 1945, at least 28,000 prisoners had perished, according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. But many more unregistered prisoners were unaccounted for, and it is likely that the total number of victims will never be known. James Shiels, then a 19-year-old soldier with the 14th Armored Division, was one of the Americans who helped free thousands of Dachau prisoners. Shiels' unit took part in liberating Dauchau subcamps, and he spoke with Liane Hansen about what he saw there — and why he went back in 2006 with two generations of his family. Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

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Before AD 1150, the language spoken in Britain was the Old English. One important text from that period is "Beowulf", a long epic poem. Then, with the Noman Conquest, the transition from Old English to Middle English began. The mixture of Old English and Anglo-Norman resulted in Middle English. By AD 1500's, a radical change happend, resulting in the Modern English. The answer on e2020 is C. economic insecurity for people who could no longer work C is the answer

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KISD Gifted and Talented Elementary Service Model Kerrville ISD is committed to recognizing the unique abilities, talents, and gifts of its students. The Gifted and Talented Program is just one of the ways that the district supports and encourages students to maximize their intellectual abiliities and talents. Definition of a Gifted and Talented Student - "A gifted and talented student is a child who performs at or shows the potential for performing at a remarkably high level of accomplishment when compared to others of the same age, experience, or environment who - Exhibits high performance capability in an intellectual, creative, or artistic area; - Possess an unusual capacity for leadership; or - Excels in a specific academic field" G/T students are clustered together in a class for core subjects with teachers who have completed the state-mandated G/T training. The students are taught the state curriculum (TEKS), with appropriate differentiation in pace, depth, and/or complexity of the lesson according to the needs of the students. The G/T identified students are also served for a minimum of 90 minutes a week in the Challenge Lab using a "pull out" G/T program model. - Study Group (60 minutes)- - This group meets 1 hour per week in the Challenge Lab to explore higher-level thinking, creativity, and research skills. Your child will conduct ongoing, in-depth research on a topic, while creating a year-long advanced level product. The work will all take place in the Challenge Lab. Students will have a showcase in May (date/time to be announced at a later date) to share what they have learned & created. - Lunch Bunch (30 minutes)– - This group meets once weekly during their lunch time to address social/emotional needs of gifted children (perfectionism, organization, study skills, making & keeping friends, boredom, etc). Often the students lead the discussions and are able to talk about what they are experiencing in school.

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Improvements to Highway 93 in British Columbia have been part of ongoing infrastructure rehabilitation in Canada’s national parks and historic sites. Along the highway adjacent to the Vermilion River, Barr has performed environmental impact assessments for Parks Canada Agency, including habitat assessments for potentially impacted species. When the agency determined that constructing a rock revetment to stabilize a failing slope would affect fish habitat in the river, Barr was asked to develop compensation measures to improve habitat for bull trout, a species of special concern in British Columbia. At the time, there was no place for trout to rest and spawn, and the river was susceptible to falling debris from the eroding highway slope above. Barr designed boulder vanes and clusters to create small pools in the river. Within an hour of completing the restoration, trout-spawning activity was observed near the first boulder vane (see video below). The natural channel design provided habitat features that were essential for bull trout, consistent with the geomorphology of the Vermilion River, and complementary to the slope-stabilization measures for the adjacent highway.

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| Scientists set traps every year from 1994-97 and caught a grand total of four Monserrat Island Deermice. Like Coronados Deermice (Peromyscus pseudocrinitus), they live only on one island in the southern Gulf of California, an island that has many small mountains and canyons, poor and sometimes stony soil, and desert plants. Almost nothing is known about Monserrat Island Deermice. They are critically endangered because of human use of the islands by fishermen and tourists. Total Length: 202 mm; Tail: 112 mm Burt, W.H., 1932. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 7:174. Mammal Species of the World Mammalian Species, American Society of Mammalogists' species account

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While graphene lacks a bandgap, 2D molybdenum disulfide has one naturally. ...graphene and MoS2 are just the beginning of a new realm of research on two-dimensional materials. "It's the most exciting time for electronics in the last 20 or 30 years," he says. "It's opening up the door to a completely new domain of electronic materials and devices." Palacios says one potential application of the new material is large-screen displays such as television sets and computer monitors, where a separate transistor controls each pixel of the display. Because the material is just one molecule thick -- unlike the highly purified silicon that is used for conventional transistors and must be millions of atoms thick -- even a very large display would use only an infinitesimal quantity of the raw materials. This could potentially reduce cost and weight and improve energy efficiency. In the future, it could also enable entirely new kinds of devices. The material could be used, in combination with other 2-D materials, to make light-emitting devices. Instead of producing a point source of light from one bulb, an entire wall could be made to glow, producing softer, less glaring light. Similarly, the antenna and other circuitry of a cellphone might be woven into fabric, providing a much more sensitive antenna that needs less power and could be incorporated into clothing, Palacios says. The material is so thin that it's completely transparent, and it can be deposited on virtually any other material. For example, MoS2 could be applied to glass, producing displays built into a pair of eyeglasses or the window of a house or office. [emphasis mine]

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(Platalea leucorodia) is a slightly larger bird than the American species, and, with the exception of a band of cinnamon-buff on the fore neck, is pure white throughout, with a large nuchal crest of drooping, pointed plumes. It is found throughout central and southern Europe, thence east to central Asia and China, and south to northern Africa and India. It is said to breed among reeds in marshes after the manner of certain Cormorants. The other species of the genus are the Black-billed Spoon-bill (P. regia) of Australia and the Moluccas, the African Spoon-bill (P. alba) of tropical Africa and Madagascar, and the Lesser Spoon-bill (P. minor) of japan and China. The Yellow-legged Spoon-bill (Platibis flavipes) is confined to Australia, and is a large bird, mainly white above and below, but with the fore neck straw-colored, and the forehead, upper throat, and bill yellow.

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The alexandrite variety displays a color change (alexandrite effect) dependent upon the nature of ambient lighting. Alexandrite effect is the phenomenon of an observed color change from greenish to reddish with a change in source illumination due physiological response of the human eye in a particular part of the visible spectrum. This color change is independent of any change of hue with viewing direction through the crystal that would arise from pleochroism. Alexandrite results from small scale replacement of aluminium by chromium ions in the crystal structure, which causes intense absorption of light over a narrow range of wavelengths in the yellow region of the spectrum. According to a popular but controversial story, alexandrite was discovered by the Finnish mineralogist Nils Gustaf Nordenskiöld (1792–1866), and named alexandrite in honor of the future Tsar Alexander II of Russia. Nordenskiöld’s initial discovery occurred as a result of an examination of a newly found mineral sample he had received from Perovskii, which he identified as emerald at first. The first emerald mine had been opened in 1831. Alexandrite up to 5 carats (1,000 mg) and larger were traditionally thought to be found only in the Ural Mountains, but have since been found in larger sizes in Brazil. Other deposits are located in India (Andhra Pradesh), Madagascar, and Sri Lanka. Alexandrite in sizes over three carats are very rare. Alexandrite from the Ural Mountains in Russia is green by daylight and red by incandescent light. Other varieties of alexandrite may be yellowish or pink in daylight and a columbine or raspberry red by incandescent light. Below right is an example of the color change that takes place in a given alexandrite.

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Scientists say they have found the strongest evidence yet for a distant spiral galaxy in which one arm points in the opposite direction from the others. The wrong-way "leading arm" extends counterclockwise from near the center, pointing in the presumed direction of the galaxy's rotation, while two "trailing" arms reach out clockwise, said Dr. Ronald Buta, an author of the study. While there have been suspected cases of a leading arm before, the new case was confirmed by observation of the galaxy's infrared energy emissions, Dr. Buta said last week at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Atlanta. The galaxy, called NGC4622, is 140 million light-years away. A light-year is about 5.9 trillion miles. Dr. Buta, an assistant astronomy professor at the University of Alabama, said the study began after a colleague, Dr. Gene Byrd, a co-author of the study, saw what appeared to be a leading arm in a photograph of the galaxy in a textbook. The arm apparently formed because of the gravitational pull of a galaxy that passed close to NGC4622, Dr. Buta said. (AP) Photo: Computer-enhanced portrait of galaxy NGC4622 with a dotted line indicating an inner arm of stars extending counterclockwise, appearing to go in the opposite direction from the two outer arms. (Ron Buta, Deborah Crocker/University of Alabama)

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Using such expressions as “for example,” “for instance,” "such as," and “including” correctly is important. What the expressions have in common is that they talk about some members of a class but not all of them. “Namely,” on the other hand, precedes an exhaustive list. Consider a hypothetical experiment to test pesticides. You tested three pesticides, A, B, and C, all of them of the type known as contact poisons (effective when they are in direct contact with bodies of the target pests—as against stomach poisons, which have to be ingested). And those were the only pesticides you tested. To mention them, you could rightly say “three pesticides were tested, namely A, B, and C.” However, if you say “the pesticides tested included contact poisons A, B, and C,” you give the impression that you tested more than three because the verb “include” is never used when all members of the class are listed. Similarly, the phrases “such as,” "for example," and "for instance" signal that the list that follows is illustrative, not exhaustive. In discussing your results, you are likely to mention a few other pesticides, and you may write “Contact poisons such as A, B, and E are more effective than stomach poisons such as X, Y and Z are in controlling caterpillars.” Also note that if you use “such as,” do not end the list with “etc.” Incidentally, most publishers now recommend using “namely” instead of the Latin abbreviation “viz.”, (for videlicet, the z being the old symbol denoting the contraction et).

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Forest Cover Shrinking Globally Results from a study of detailed satellite observations of the world’s forests released on Monday show that forest cover has shrunk by 3.1 percent across the globe. Boreal forests of the northern sub-arctic were hardest hit, the report said, which accounts for about one-third of the overall loss. Forest destruction is caused by several sources. Human deforestation is a huge factor, but natural phenomena such as fires ignited by lightning also contribute to loss of forests, according to the report. The study is important because the data on what changes are happening to the world’s forests are needed to make estimations on the impact of carbon dioxide emissions, which includes greenhouse gases. The data will also allow scientists to set parameters for “global-scale biogeochemical, hydrological, biodiversity and climate models,” read the report. About 628,000 square miles of forest was lost between 2000 and 2005, researchers said. Boreal forests, which account for 26.7 percent of the world’s forest cover, showed a 4 percent drop in total forest cover during the study period. It also accounted for 34.7 percent of total forest loss during the period. Tropical humid forests, which cover 7.2 million square miles, lost 2.4 percent of their total forest cover, or 27 percent of the overall loss during the study period. Tropical forests in dry regions, which cover 4.4 million square miles, shrunk 2.9 percent during the 2000 to 2005 study, and represented 20.2 percent of total forest loss. North America suffered the biggest loss of forest cover during the study period, losing 5.1 percent forest cover during the period. It represented 29.2 percent of the overall loss. The study is published in the April 26-30 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Image Caption: Fires and Deforestation near the Xingu River. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team On the Net:

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Shingles also known as herpes zoster is a viral infection from the same virus that causes chickenpox. The infection of a nerve is what gives the person sharp burning pain along their nerves throughout their body. A terrible blister rash runs on the skin where the pain was a few days before the blisters appear. The blisters are red, cloudy and produce pain and a burning sensation. Some other symptoms that occur are: headache, fever, chills, blood infection, and joint pain. The rash may appear in any number of locations on the body including face, neck, spine, hands, arms, legs, or stomach. Depending on the location of the rash if located on face or neck the person may suffer blindness or hearing loss. When the bumps first appear and then turn to blisters the pain of shingles can be relieved by taking extra-strength Tylenol. To get some addition relief after taking Tylenol, wet a wash cloth in cold water then apply to affected areas, doing this cools the skin and gives some immediate pain relief. If the pain is too much to handle the person should consult their primary care physician immediately because shingles can give more than just a little discomfort, the person can end up with years of pain and nerve damage that are irreversible. Always consult your doctor if you ever have any medical questions or concerns regarding your body. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine - Shingles

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a muscle that draws a body part inward a muscle that draws a body part outward to ope or straighten out, unbend support the abdomen wall flexes forearm at elbow (bends forearm) flexes leg at the knee (also called hamstring) thick triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint, used to raise arm from the side largest, most prominent muscle of the calf of the leg, the action of which extends the foot extends hip, for standing up adduction of the humerus, runs from vertebrae to humerus muscle in cheek that closes lower jaw when chewing adducts humerus, moves shoulder, deep breathing extends and rotates femur, straightens the leg flexes hip and knee, bends leg, longest muscle in body flexes foot for walking elevates scapula (lifts shoulder) extends forearm at elbow (straightens arm) responsible for movement of bones, heart, and the inner linings of some organs more than 600 how many muscles in body muscles are connected to bones by tough connective tissue called muscles that you move muscles that you don't move - you have no control - they move on their own Please allow access to your computer’s microphone to use Voice Recording. We can’t access your microphone! Click the icon above to update your browser permissions above and try again Reload the page to try again! Press Cmd-0 to reset your zoom Press Ctrl-0 to reset your zoom It looks like your browser might be zoomed in or out. Your browser needs to be zoomed to a normal size to record audio. Your microphone is muted For help fixing this issue, see this FAQ.

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Cells and tissues include thousands of different proteins -- the so-called proteome. These proteins are subject to constant change. Parts of proteins can be removed, for instance, leading to shortened protein variants with new functions. The 'cutting up' of proteins is referred to as proteolysis and plays an important role in the processes of diseases such as cancer. Scientists usually do not know which proteins have been cut up, and this knowledge gap has severely hampered the development of certain medicines. The cutting up of a protein leads to clippings which are identified by their new protein ends. Proteins have two chemically distinct ends: the amino-terminus and the carboxy-terminus. Scientists have been able to identify new amino-termini in cells and tissues created by proteolysis for some time now, providing fascinating insight into the proteolytic cutting processes. However, they have not yet succeeded in analyzing carboxy-termini in this way. Our understanding of cellular proteolysis has thus remained incomplete. A German-Canadian research team including Dr. Oliver Schilling from the Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research of the University of Freiburg as well as scientists from the University of British Columbia has now developed a method for analyzing protein carboxy-termini in cells and tissues. The team's findings have now been published in the journal Nature Methods. The researchers identified carboxy-terminal sequences through mass spectrometry in a multi-stage procedure. Initial findings reveal an unexpectedly high degree of cellular proteolysis: Approximately 40 percent of the identified carboxy-termini are the result of a molecular cleavage. Scientists at the Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research are now using the method to understand how so-called cathepsin proteases influence the development of cancer. - Oliver Schilling, Olivier Barré, Pitter F Huesgen, Christopher M Overall. Proteome-wide analysis of protein carboxy termini: C terminomics. Nature Methods, 2010; 7 (7): 508 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1467 Cite This Page:

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In the center of Dublin’s main thoroughfare, O’Connell Street, stands a large statue of a man lifting up his arms, urging all onlookers to rise up. The man is James “Big Jim” Larkin. He enjoys the status of Irish folk here today based on his lifetime of fighting for the poor working class of Irish society. An inscription on the pedestal below the statue reads: “The great appear great because we are on our knees: Let us rise.” Jim Larkin was not born among the great – just the opposite. He was came into the world in 1876 in the brutal slums of Liverpool, England, where his Irish parents had immigrated to find work. What little work they found paid wages so small it would shock an Irish citizen of today. Jim Larkin’s father died when he was 14, leaving the family in desperate straits. Young Jim had already been working as a child laborer while attending some part-time grammar school. But education had to come second to eking out a living. It’s small wonder that when Jim Larkin reached adulthood – laboring hard on the docks of Liverpool – that he would become an avid union activist and be attracted to the rising tide of Socialist thought of the early 20th Century. Despite being minimally educated, Jim Larkin had a natural gift for powerful public speaking and for inspiring men to stand up against wealthy elites that had oppressed them for centuries. Scholars today rate Jim Larkin among the three most important men who shaped the Irish labor movement and for creating the relationship that exists to this day between business and labor. Without the tumultuous, controversial and fiery lifetime of Jim Larkin, millions of people may have never risen from lowly positions of poverty to obtain better economic lives in a more just society. Read more: James Larkin | Biography

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In the nineteenth century, under the Russian administration, the city rapidly industrialized and became one of the centers of industrial development in Poland. The population of the city has increased considerably and has also attracted German immigrants and a large Jewish population. In 1918, when Poland regained its independence, Łódź became the most important textile center in Europe. Łódź has the largest percentage of Jewish population among cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants throughout Europe. During the Second World War, the city was partly destroyed by the German army, under the control of the Generalplan Ost, like other Polish towns. The Lodz jewish ghetto is the first large ghetto instituted by the Nazis since April 1940. Łódź lost 420,000 inhabitants, deported to the death camps, including 300,000 Jews.

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HOW ARE FIBROIDS DETECTED AND DIAGNOSED? Fibroids often go unnoticed because they do not always cause symptoms. They are sometimes discovered during a routine gynaecological examination. A quick check for fibroids can be done with a bi-manual pelvic examination, during which the doctor inserts two fingers into the vagina to isolate the neck of the womb (uterus), the cervix, while palpating (to examine by touching an organ or area of the body, as a diagnostic aid) the lower part of the abdomen. When the doctor suspects fibroids, more precise tests can be done to confirm this diagnosis. These diagnostic tests include the following: - Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Transvaginal ultrasounds A hysteroscopy is a procedure for examining submucosal fibroids through a small, thin telescope-like device called a hysteroscope. The hysteroscope, a viewing instrument that contains optical fibres, is inserted into the womb through the cervix to search for fibroids. Gas or fluid is often used to inflate the womb to give a better view. In order to precisely map the location of fibroids, a Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) session is sometimes used. MRIs are reserved only for cases where non-surgical detection is not an option. Approaches can be either trans-abdominal or trans-vaginal and include the use of saline solution to assist the imaging process. Ultrasounds are painless procedures used as an early test for fibroids. The ultrasound test for fibroids is called a transvaginal ultrasound. During this procedure, the doctor inserts a hand-held probe into the vagina. The probe sends out sound waves that bounce off the structures in the womb (uterus), and a computer creates a picture on a screen that is then used to search for fibroids.

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Free-floating “rogue” planets may occasionally dip into the inner Solar System, picking up dust containing organic compounds — a.k.a. the ingredients for life — and carry it back out into the galaxy, according to new research by Professor Chandra Wickramasinghe, Director of the University of Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology in the UK. Rogue planets are thus called because they are not in orbit around a star. Either forcibly ejected from a solar system or having formed very early on in the Universe — even within a few million years after the Big Bang, the team proposes — these vagrant worlds may vastly outnumber stars. In fact, it’s been suggested there are as much as 100,000 times more rogue planets than stars in our Milky Way galaxy alone! Professor Wickramasinghe — a proponent of the panspermia hypothesis whereby the ingredients for life can be transported throughout the galaxy on dust, comets, and perhaps even planets — and his team have suggested in a paper published in the journal Astrophysics and Space Science that Earth-sized rogue planets could pass through the inner Solar System, possibly as often as once every 25 million years on average. Like a cosmic drive-thru these planets could gather zodiacal dust from the plane of the Solar System during their pass, thus picking up organic compounds along the way. The planets would then take the material gathered from one solar system and possibly bring it into another, serving as a type of interstellar cross-pollinator. Wickramasinghe’s team propose that, by this process, there could be more life-bearing, Earth-sized planets existing between the stars than orbiting around them — a lot more. Based on their estimates there may be as much as a few hundred thousand billion such worlds in our galaxy… that’s several thousand for every star. It will be interesting to see how this idea is received, but it definitely is an intriguing concept. As we hunt for the “Holy Grail” of life-friendly exoplanets around other stars, they may be drifting through the darkness in number, hiding in the spaces between. A graphic designer in Rhode Island, Jason writes about space exploration on his blog Lights In The Dark, Discovery News, and, of course, here on Universe Today. Ad astra!

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The term sniper was first attested in 1824 in the sense of the word "sharpshooter". The verb "to snipe" originated in the 1770s among soldiers in British India where a hunter skilled enough to kill the elusive snipe was dubbed a "sniper" During the American Civil War, the common term used in the United States was "skirmisher". Throughout history armies have used skirmishers to break up enemy formations and to thwart the enemy from flanking the main body of their attack force. They were deployed individually on the extremes of the moving army primarily to scout for the possibility of an enemy ambush. Consequently, a "skirmish" denotes a clash of small scope between these forces. In general, a skirmish was a limited combat, involving troops other than those of the main body. The term "sniper" was not in widespread use in the United States until after the American Civil War. The term "sniper" has been used in more serious tones especially by media in association with police precision riflemen, those responsible for assassination, any shooting from all but the shortest range in war, and any criminal equipped with a rifle in a civil context. This has rather expanded the meaning of the term. It has also given the term "sniper" mixed connotations. Official sources often use more positive connotative terms to describe snipers, especially for police snipers: "counter-sniper", "precision marksman", "tactical marksman", "sharpshooter", "precision riflemen", and "precision shooter". Some of these alternatives have been in common use for a long time; others are closer to undisguised euphemisms. More Info From Wikipedia Barrett .50 Cal (Light .50)

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By Meenu Johnkutty ’21 For a number of years, many scientific models predicted a decline in bee populations due to the increase in the use of bee-killing pesticides in industrial agriculture. As global temperatures continue to rise, it is expected that biodiversity among bees will also continue to decrease, jeopardizing the pollination of many crops. As pollinators are essential to the pollination of the coffea plant and therefore the production of coffee beans, the relationship between bees and coffee is a subject of concern among climate change researchers. According to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, areas suitable for growing coffee in Latin America will drop 73 to 88 percent by 2050. Researchers are preparing for the worst by deducing solutions based on present and future models and recommending strategies to those who will be affected by the biodiversity crisis. The farmers whose lands will no longer be suitable for coffee production were advised to switch to different crops. In other areas where bee diversity will decrease to a lesser extent, researchers recommended that cultivators increase the number of bee habitats to preserve native bee populations. Additionally, since coffea prefers to grow in the shade of tall trees, researchers advised that farmers germinate tree species that would be suitable for bees as well, thereby creating a “win-win” situation. Using effective strategies to mitigate the biodiversity crisis is essential to combating the effects of climate change. Heeding the advice of these scientists may prove to be vital to coffee sustainability in areas in which the economy depends on this crop. - P. Imbach, et. al., Coupling of pollination services and coffee suitability under climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, (2017). doi: 10.1073/pnas.1617940114. - Image retrieved from: https://stocksnap.io/photo/6UQFV5SUWI

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Taken from the term originally used to refer to design in the construction field, in the computer field, architecture means the basic design of a computer system. In the microcontroller field, the term architecture specially refers to the following. - Data bit width - Address space and bank configuration - Instruction set and addressing mode - Resource allocation (memories, registers, etc.) - Pipeline configuration - Internal bus configuration - Cache memory configuration The bank configuration is used to control the address spaces in a multidimensional way. Addressing is the means by which the address where data is to be read or written is specified. The following types of addressing are commonly used. Direct addressing : The address is directly specified. Relative addressing : An address relative to the actual address is specified by specifying a displacement (offset) value. Indirect addressing : The address is directly/indirectly indicated by a specified register value. A pipeline is a set of processing stages—such as instruction fetching or data processing—executed in series. A pipeline structure can be used to prevent bottlenecks that hold up instruction execution until the execution of a previous instruction is complete. In a "superscalar" pipeline configuration, multiple pipelines are used to execute processing in parallel. In terms of internal bus configuration, a characteristic example can be found in Harvard architecture. In this architecture, the buses used for instruction fetching and transmitting data are separate, eliminating the need for wait cycles to be generated for each processing in the pipeline by bus arbitration. Cache memory is a memory structure that manages copies of data from the most frequently used address spaces. The cache memory improves system efficiency because it eliminates the need for large address spaces to be constantly accessed. If the processor does not score a hit in the cache area, a replacement operation is executed by which an old cache data item is evicted and the current data item to be accessed is entered into the cache.

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21 books covering 7 emotions, with a parent guide, activity book and storybook for each emotion. Becoming emotionally literate is learning the alphabet, grammar, and vocabulary of our emotional lives. It’s is the first step along the path of acquiring “emotional intelligence (EQ),” the quality that, along with IQ, can predict one’s success in life. Emotions are an integral part of human nature. Through them, we respond to life in many different ways – such as with anger, happiness, fear, love, loneliness, etc. Emotions influence our thoughts and actions; they inspire our needs; affect our bodies and impact our relationships. Many of the problems in modern society are due, at least in part, to people being unable to understand and appropriately express emotion. Emotional Literacy is a preventive tool, which, properly utilized, can help solve many social ills, such as violence, illness, drug abuse, dysfunctional relationships, and global societal conflicts. Emotional Literacy is universally relevant as well. It can benefit every individual, every organization, and every profession with the capacity to transform each person and their relationships. Emotional Literacy is a key to living a full and rich life. It is basic to joy and enthusiasm, and fundamental to your ability to love and be loved.

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Secondary Engineers (11 +) Senior Robotics EV3 L1 This course help students to harness the capabilities of the robot set and effectively plan, build, and program robots. They will then examine the pieces in the robot set and the roles they play in construction. Next, will learn practical building techniques, like how to build sturdy structures and work with gears. Finally, students will follow step-by-step instructions for building, programming, and testing sample robots. Mobile App L1 MIT App Inventor used to develop applications for Android phones using a web browser and either a connected phone or emulator. The App Inventor servers store your work. MIT App Inventor (Blocks-based coding program) is a visual programming environment that allows kids to build several fully functional apps for smartphones and tablets.

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Anthropomorphism is often used in stories. It can mean making the thing shaped like a human. The story of the "Three Little Pigs" has a wolf and pigs who talk and act like humans. Mickey Mouse also talks and acts like a human. These are examples of a type of anthropomorphism called "furry". The novel The Call of the Wild also uses anthropomorphism. The main character is a dog named Buck. Many other characters are dogs and wolves. In the story, the animals think and act more like humans than real dogs do. Reasons for anthropomorphismEdit People can explain why they do things. People are not as good at knowing why non-human things do things. This can lead to people assuming non-human things will act or think like humans. Knowledge about humans is got early in life. It is more detailed than knowledge about non-human entities, and is better remembered. - Oxford English Dictionary. "Anthropomorphism, n." Oxford University Press, 1885. - Hutson, Matthew (2012). The 7 Laws of Magical Thinking: how irrational beliefs keep us happy, healthy, and sane. New York: Hudson Street Press. pp. 165–81. ISBN 978-1-101-55832-4. - Epley, Nicholas; Waytz, Adam; Cacioppo, John T. (2007). "On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism". Psychological Review. 114 (4): 864–886. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.457.4031. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.114.4.864. PMID 17907867.

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We encourage children to become independant in their own hygiene and self care by providing opportunities too: •Feed self competently with spoon. • Drink well without spilling. • Clearly communicates their need for potty or toilet. • Begin to recognise danger and seeks support of significant adults for help. • Help with clothing, e.g. puts on hat, unzips zipper on jacket, takes off unbuttoned shirt. • Begin to be independent in self-care, but still often needs adult support. • Tell adults when hungry or tired or when they want to rest or play. • Observe the effects of activity on their bodies. • Understand that equipment and tools have to be used safely. • Gain more bowel and bladder control and can attend to toileting needs most of the time themselves. • Manage washing and drying hands. • Dress with help, e.g. puts arms into open-fronted coat or shirt when held up, pulls up own trousers, and pulls up zipper once it is fastened at the bottom. • Eat a healthy range of foodstuffs and understands need for variety in food. • Be dry and clean during the day. • Show some understanding that good practices with regard to exercise, eating, sleeping and hygiene can contribute to good health. • Show understanding of the need for safety when tackling new challenges, and considers and manages some risks. • Show understanding of how to transport and store equipment safely. • Practices some appropriate safety measures without direct supervision. Early Learning Goal: Children know the importance for good health of physical exercise, and a healthy diet, and talk about ways to keep healthy and safe. They manage their own basic hygiene and personal needs successfully, including dressing and going to the toilet independently.

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What is Climate Change and Global Warming? The terms "global warming" and "climate change" are often used interchangeably, but they are really separate things. “Global warming” refers to a rise in global average temperatures over time. “Climate change” is a symptom of global warming and refers to the changes in weather patterns, which can vary from one region to another. Global warming causes changes in such things as ocean temperature, ice cover, wind patterns and water cycles with resulting climate changes, such as increased storms or droughts. Humanity and the natural world have adapted to the typical weather patterns in each region. However, when these patterns are changed in a very short period of time, it results in huge impacts including mass migrations of people and extinctions of species. Here are some examples: The flooding in the Midwest USA has been devastating for farmers and they are worried about what their future holds. Flooding caused by cyclone Idai in Africa has resulted in over 500 deaths and misplaced populations. Extreme heat has already caused havoc in Australia this year, from forest fires, to farmer's losing their crops and the death of some of Australia's wildlife, including losing almost one third of the population of spectacled flying foxes, a species of bats native to Australia. Sea level rise has already resulted in flooding in the Pacific Islands. Even worse is the possibility of “runaway global warming” where feedback loops cause the planet to get hotter and hotter. One example is the melting of the polar ice caps, which reflect sunlight back into the atmosphere. As the ice recedes then the exposed land no longer performs that function, leading to ever increasing melting and warming. Furthermore, the melting of the permafrost releases trapped methane, which is a highly powerful greenhouse gas, resulting in another feedback loop.

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Celiac Disease Home > Celiac Disease and Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become less dense and more likely to fracture. Fractures from osteoporosis can result in pain and disability. Osteoporosis is a major health threat for an estimated 44 million Americans. While postmenopausal Caucasian women have the highest risk for the disease, men and certain ethnic populations are also at risk. Risk factors for osteoporosis include: - Being thin or having a small frame - Having a family history of the disease - For women, being postmenopausal, having an early menopause, or not having menstrual periods (amenorrhea) - Using certain medications, such as glucocorticoids - Not getting enough calcium - Not getting enough physical activity - Drinking too much alcohol. Osteoporosis is a disease that can often be prevented. However, if undetected, it can progress for many years without symptoms until a fracture occurs. Osteoporosis is a complication of untreated celiac disease. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing important nutrients, such as calcium. Calcium is essential for building and maintaining healthy bones. Even people with celiac disease who consume what would normally be enough calcium are deficient in this nutrient. And since calcium is needed to keep bones healthy, low bone density is common in both children and adults with untreated and newly diagnosed celiac disease. When people with celiac disease eliminate foods containing gluten from their diet, normal absorption of nutrients from the intestines is usually restored within a few months -- though it may take up to two years in older adults. Eventually, most children and adults experience significant improvements in their bone density. A small percentage of people with celiac disease do not improve on a gluten-free diet. These people often have severely damaged intestines that cannot heal and may need to receive intravenous nutrition supplements.

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After the spacecraft gets ejected from its "mothership," it'll either spread its solar panels or run on batteries until it arrives near its assigned planet. The service module will then detach from the entry probe, which was designed to withstand the harsh conditions of entering a planet's atmosphere. Esper plans to load that probe with a ton of sensors, so it can collect data (such as the temperature, atmospheric pressure, and so on) and beam it back to the mothership, which will transmit it to the ground station on Earth. Since CubeSats are relatively inexpensive, future missions might deploy several CAPEs to monitor the different aspects of a planet. Before any of that happens, though, Esper first has to prove the concept works. His team is dropping a prototype comprised only of the entry module from a high-altitude balloon this summer, and they're expecting it to hurtle towards the Earth at roughly the speed of sound. They're most likely doing their best to ensure a successful test flight, since they're hoping it will "attract potential partners to provide the rest of the vehicle" -- the service module, in other words. If all goes according to plan, Esper wants to go higher and drop another entry module straight from the ISS as soon as 2016. [Image credit: NASA/Goddard]

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As Syrian government forces and rebels clash in Aleppo, TIME takes a look at the history of this ancient, cosmopolitan city now locked in a state of war A picture taken March 17, 2006 shows a general view of the historic Syrian city of Aleppo, 350 kms north of Damascus, with its landmark cytadel in the background Aleppo, Syria’s largest city, is in the grip of the country’s civil war. Government attack helicopters and fighter jets circle the city’s skies as rebel factions entrench themselves in Aleppo’s old town and sections of the city’s suburbs. The regime of Syrian President Bashar Assad has dispatched armored columns to flush out insurgents, not unlike its recent crackdown on rebel fighters in pockets of the capital Damascus. One rebel commander in Aleppo told the U.K.’s Daily Telegraph that the fight for Syria’s commercial capital, a city of 2.5 million people, would last months. Rebels are stockpiling medical supplies and munitions, while the U.S. State Department warned of a potential massacre. A pro-government newspaper promised the “mother of all battles.” Until recently, Aleppo was not one of the major theaters of the Syrian conflict. But it is no stranger to war. With a history as ancient as Damascus — considered to be one of the longest continuously inhabited cities in the world — Aleppo has been won and lost by a succession of empires, sacked by myriad invaders and reduced to rubble by epic earthquakes. That it still stands, and is, indeed, with its thousands of old limestone houses and winding old streets, a UNESCO World Heritage Centre, is testament to the richness of its past and the resilience of its people. From its early origins, Aleppo was a place where people grew wealthy. Cuneiform tablets from roughly four thousand years ago tell of a settlement called ‘Halabu’ — eventually Aleppo — that was even then a center for the manufacture of garments and cloth. Located not far from the Mediterranean Sea on one side and the river valley of the mighty Tigris and Euphrates on the other, the city found itself in the middle of ancient Egyptian and Hittite trade routes. The Seleucids, a Greek dynasty descended from one of the lieutenants of Alexander the Great, developed the area further, while certain colonnaded avenues and courtyard homes in Aleppo today bear the tell-tale signs of Roman craftsmanship and Hellenistic urban planning. Read more at TIME

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Molybdenum is an essential element. It’s a co-factor for several enzymes. It is stored mainly in the liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, brain, and muscles. Molybdenum is a part of several enzyme systems. These enzymes are in charge of the breakdown of xanthine, hypoxanthine, and sulfite. They also break down and detoxify many harmful compounds. The ability of your body to store molybdenum varies with intake levels. It’s affected by the amount of copper and sulfate in your diet. There may be benefits that have not yet been proven through research. Molybdenum may help treat arthritis. Studies are also looking to see if it can treat some types of cancers and neuropsychiatric disorders. Molybdenum is measured in micrograms (mcg). The daily RDA is the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Infants (0–6 months) Infants (7 months to 1 year) Children (1–3 years) Children (4–8 years) Children (9–13 years) Children (14–18 years) Adults (19 years and older) Pregnant and lactating women *Adequate Intake (AI). This is based off the average intake of healthy breastfed infants. Foods that have molybdenum include legumes, cereals, and leafy vegetables. Molybdenum levels in plants vary. They depend on the amount in the soil in which they were grown. Molybdenum deficiency is very rare. It only occurs due to a serious, underlying issue. Too much molybdenum can cause a gout-like syndrome. Symptoms can include high levels of molybdenum in your blood, uric acid, and xanthine oxidase. You shouldn’t take molybdenum supplements if you have gallstones or kidney problems. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should talk to their healthcare providers before taking any supplements. Molybdenum supplements can cause a copper deficiency. This is because molybdenum drives copper from body tissues.

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See also: Deep Creek, Battle of. Thomas's Legion was formed during the Civil War by William Holland Thomas, the only white man ever to become chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Believing that North Carolinians would not tolerate Cherokee neutrality in the war and seeing an opportunity to procure state recognition of these Indians as citizens, Thomas enlisted more than 400 Cherokees in service to the South. He eventually commanded two companies of Cherokees and six companies of whites. Their first skirmish occurred in September 1862 at Baptist Gap, Tenn., near the Virginia state line. During the battle the grandson of the famous Junaluska was killed-infuriating the Cherokees, who scalped several Union soldiers. By the end of September, Thomas was promoted to colonel of his legion. This command comprised 11 infantry companies (the first 2 of which were Cherokee), 8 cavalry companies, and 1 light artillery battalion. It included the most prominent whites and Cherokees from western North Carolina and became known as Thomas's Legion of Indians and Highlanders or simply Thomas's Legion, although it was often mistakenly called the 69th North Carolina Regiment. In February 1864 Thomas's men were surprised ten miles west of Quallatown in the Battle of Deep Creek, which resulted in a Union victory. For the most part, the Cherokees saw little combat during the Civil War. They served primarily as guards and rounded up deserters. However, Thomas and his "legion" are credited with firing the last Confederate shots of the Civil War at Waynesville in May 1865. Vernon H. Crow, Storm in the Mountains: Thomas' Confederate Legion of Cherokee Indians and Mountaineers (1982). E. Stanly Godbold Jr. and Mattie U. Russell, Confederate Colonel and Cherokee Chief: The Life of William Holland Thomas (1990). "Wiliam Holland Thomas." Image courtesy of the NC Museum of History. Available from http://www.ncmuseumofhistory.org/exhibits/civilwar/explore_section4m.html# (accessed May 21, 2012). 1 January 2006 | Anderson, William L.

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Using the letters in your name create a list of fruits. Challenge yourself to do this for the names of people in your family. Have a look at the example below, we have used the word Manea: Could you challenge yourself even further to describe the fruits using words starting with the same letter? We do love alliteration! Have a look at this example: Have a look at the sheet bellow. As always, no need to print the sheet off. Have a go at answering the questions on a sheet of paper. How many will you solve?

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The Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution was one of the most volatile and divisive issues facing the Florida legislature in the 1970s. Lobbying was active on the issue, shifts in support by legislators were frequent, and votes closely divided. Adding to the intensity of the deliberations was the importance of the Florida vote. By 1977 thirty-five states had approved the amendment, only three states short of the thirty-eight necessary for adoption. Despite vigorous efforts on its behalf, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was not ratified by the Florida legislature, and Florida was joined in history with those states which rejected the amendment. What caused the defeat of an amendment which received overwhelming support in the United States Senate and House of Representatives when it was proposed and was approved by thirty state legislatures in the first year after its transmittal to the states? An examination of the treatment of the amendment in Florida suggests that the ERA became an issue whose significance transcended its actual content. It aroused opposition because for some it symbolized a broad spectrum of threatening political and social changes. Carver, Joan S. "The Equal Rights Amendment and the Florida Legislature," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 60: 4, Article 6. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol60/iss4/6

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2014 May 22 A new meteor shower in Camelopardalis? On May 24, we may be treated to the sight of a previously unseen meteor shower, the Camelopardalids. Most meteor showers repeat on an annual basis, seen whenever the Earth passes through a stream of debris left behind in the wake of a comet. Each year, meteors are seen on the same day of the year, when the Earth returns to the same point along its orbit. And because the meteor particles are all travelling through the solar system in a common direction – along the orbit of their parent comet – they appear to diverge from the same source direction, called the shower’s radiant. Every now and then, though, the orbits of comets can be disrupted by the gravitational influence of large planets like Jupiter. Jupiter has more mass than all of the other planets put together, and if a comet passes too close, it may get knocked onto a different orbit. That’s exactly what happened to Comet 209P/LINEAR two years ago. Simulations of Jupiter’s gravitational pull on the wake of material behind the comet suggest that some particles moved onto a new orbit that now intersects with the Earth’s. Our first encounter with them will be this weekend, on May 24, when a shower with upwards of 100 meteors per hour (ZHR) may be seen. It is difficult to make exact predictions of how many meteors may be seen, since the debris in question is around 120 years old, dating from apparitions long before the comet’s discovery in 2004. We simply do not know how active 209P/LINEAR was around 1900. Observing the Camelopardalids The new meteor stream is not well placed for observation from the UK. Although the radiant is high in the northern sky, in Camelopardalis, the shower is expected to be active primarily between 06:00 and 08:00 UTC on May 24, during UK daytime. There is considerable uncertainty in these predictions, though, so UK observers are still urged to make pre-dawn observations and submit them to the BAA Meteor Section. The radiant of the shower is expected to be around RA 08h15m, Dec +79°. It is marked by a red dot in the star chart above. For more information about how to observe meteor showers and submit your observations to the BAA, see the Meteor Section pages.

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What Does a Botany Teacher Do? Botany Teachers are specialized educators who focus on teaching the science of plant life. Their main responsibilities include developing and delivering curriculum related to plant biology, which covers topics like plant anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, ecology, and the role of plants in the environment. They engage students in understanding the life cycles of plants, their adaptation mechanisms, and their significance in ecosystems. A Botany Teacher must have a deep understanding of plant sciences, typically holding a degree in botany, plant biology, or a related field. They should be skilled in laboratory techniques and fieldwork related to botany and have the ability to convey complex botanical concepts in an engaging and comprehensible manner. These educators often work in high schools and colleges, where they may also be involved in conducting research and contributing to the field of botany through publications and presentations. Their role is vital in fostering an appreciation for plant diversity and the crucial role of plants in sustaining life on Earth. Through their instruction, Botany Teachers inspire interest in plant sciences and environmental stewardship among students.

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Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Theatrum Orbis TerrarumArchivos Estatales Flemish scholar and merchant Abraham Ortelius (Antwerp, 1527–98), cosmographer for King Philip II of Spain, created this atlas, which brings together all the cartographic information known about the world at the time. The map of the known world used until the early 16th century came directly from the classical tradition of the Greek geographer and mathematician Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century CE). Spurred on by the first expeditions beyond Europe, humanists found a more accurate way to describe and map out the Earth's terrain. Using astronomical calculations and observation, they discovered how to use longitude to determine the position of ships at sea in relation to a specific point. In the 16th century, Abraham Ortelius published an atlas that brought together all the maps of the known world, as well as new discoveries. In doing so, he depicted the Americas, the discovery of the Pacific by Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1513, and the strait discovered by Magellan. All in all, Ortelius used 87 maps created by other travelers and cartographers. His work included comments about each map, an index, and a nomenclature showing the ancient place names in Latin and their modern equivalents. The first edition of the Theatrum appeared in 1570. It was so well received that up to 40 editions were released in different languages in a short space of time, with further addendums and supplements adding more maps. That made it one of the most complete map collections of the time. The 1588 edition, printed in the workshops of French humanist Cristophe Plantin, was lavishly illustrated using copper plates colored by hand, measuring 17.7 x 11.8 inches (45 x 30 cm). Ortelius' atlas introduced a new cartographic concept for the modern world, despite containing errors that were later corrected through its numerous printed editions. Adaptation of the text created by Carmen Lozano Polo, librarian of the Archivo General de Indias, for the catalogue "El viaje más largo". Image: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum. General Archive of the Indies. Library, L.A. S. XVI-1. Ministry of Culture and Sports. Spain.

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Objectives: To outline the prevalence and disparities of physical activity among school-aged urban minority youth, causal pathways through which low levels of physical activity and fitness adversely affects academic achievement, and proven or promising approaches for schools to increase physical activity and physical fitness among youth. Methods: Literature review. Results: A large proportion of youth is insufficiently physically active. Estimates of population-wide levels of physical activity indicate that Black and Hispanic youth are less physically active than White youth, with disparities particularly evident for females. The population segments of youth with lowest levels of physical activity and fitness also have least access to school-based physical activity opportunities and resources. Physical activity affects metabolism and all major body systems, exerting powerful positive influences on the brain and spinal cord and, consequently, on emotional stability, physical health, and motivation and ability to learn. The cornerstone of school-based physical activity programs should be a high-quality physical education program based on national standards. Such programs are strongly recommended by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services as a way to increase physical activity and physical fitness among youth. Conclusions: Physical inactivity is highly and disproportionately prevalent among school-aged urban minority youth, has a negative impact on academic achievement through its effects on cognition, and effective practices are available for schools to address this problem. Increasing students' physical activity and physical fitness can best be achieved through a comprehensive approach that includes physical education, wise use of recess and after-school times, co-curricular physical activity opportunities, and bicycling or walking to and from school. © 2011, American School Health Association.

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1. n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery] A technique used to minimize the rate of corrosion of a structure. Cathodic protection does not eliminate corrosion; it transfers corrosion from the structure under protection to a known location where artificial anodes (plates or metal bars) are placed and could be replaced easily. Cathodic protection is used for floating vessels, platforms, storage tanks, and pipelines. The cathodic protection principle is based on the electrochemical nature of the corrosion phenomena; the anodic area corrodes (current is discharged) and the cathodic area does not corrode (current is received). Cathodic protection overrides the naturally occurring anodic areas inside a structure, thus turning the structure under protection completely cathodic, which means it receives current from the surrounding electrolyte (for example, soils, water) and does not corrode. Cathodic protection is achieved by passing enough direct current electricity from an external source (a more powerful anode), which could be a galvanic anode or an impressed current anode.

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Time to do some work It’s your turn. Design your own literacy strategy by choosing from the options below. Download our worksheet to record your ideas if you want to. Alternatively, you can skip ahead to the Assessment template and get started on this part right away. Have a play with the ideas here, but keep in mind that for your assessment, you only need to focus on one literacy strategy. We suggest that you use the tools below to create a broad literacy strategy for your teaching programme for strengthening either reading or writing. How to write your own strategy for reading - Choose one or two items from the box and then add your own context below. - Write out a final draft summarising your strategy. - If you need to, make any changes to ensure your strategy addresses the reading skills you want to concentrate on. I will: Teach my learners to read with understanding with a focus on… |how to use decoding strategies how to recognise language and text features how to use comprehension strategies how to read critically |in the context of… (add your own programme here)| Download our worksheet to record your ideas and get started now.

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