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[ "paralysis of the facial muscles.", "paralysis of the facial muscles and loss of taste.", "paralysis of the facial muscles, loss of taste and lacrimation.", "paralysis of the facial muscles, loss of taste, lacrimation and decreased salivation." ]

[ "a protruding mandible due to reactivation of the condylar cartilage by acromegaly.", "a recessive maxilla due to failure of elongation of the cranial base.", "an enlarged frontal bone due to hydrocephaly.", "defective development of the maxillary air sinus." ]

[ "Bladder", "Kidney", "Ureter", "Urethra" ]

[ "Motor neurons", "Skeletal muscles", "Melanocytes", "Sweat glands" ]

[ "Afferent arteriole", "Glomerulus", "Loop of Henle", "Renal pelvis" ]

[ "They will be unable to breathe without life support.", "They will only be able to breathe quietly.", "It is impossible to predict an effect on breathing.", "Breathing will be unaffected." ]

[ "Epigastric", "Hypochondriac", "Hypogastric", "Lumbar" ]

[ "Hair in the nose", "Mucous membranes", "Osteoblasts", "Saliva" ]

[ "six weeks post-fertilization.", "eight weeks post-fertilization.", "ten weeks post-fertilization.", "twelve weeks post-fertilization." ]

[ "bilateral contraction of antigravity limb muscles.", "bilateral contraction of limb musculature.", "contraction of ipsilateral limb musculature.", "contraction of contralateral limb musculature." ]

[ "hard palate.", "hard palate and upper lip.", "hard palate, upper lip and upper central incisor.", "hard palate, upper lip, upper central incisor and lower first molar." ]

[ "Pupillary constriction and a medial strabismus", "Pupillary dilatation and a medial strabismus", "Pupillary constriction and a lateral strabismus", "Pupillary dilatation and a lateral strabismus" ]

[ "It has an articular disc of hyaline cartilage", "Its articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage", "Proprioceptive information is carried by the chorda tympani and deep temporal nerves", "Proprioceptive information is carried by the masseteric and auriculotemporal nerves." ]

[ "cricothyroid muscle is still functional but the interarytenoid muscles are fully active.", "cricothyroid muscle is still functional but the interarytenoids are weak.", "cricothyroid muscle is paralyzed but the interarytenoids are fully active.", "cricothyroid muscle is paralyzed but the interarytenoids are weak." ]

[ "The mental symphysis closes at about 1 year postnatally", "The condylar growth cartilage ceases activity at puberty", "The ossification centre appears about 8 weeks I.U.L medial to Meckel's cartilage", "The functional matrix acting on the angle of the mandible is the lateral pterygoid muscle" ]

[ "Its efferent limb is carried in the optic nerve", "It is mediated by the inferior colliculi in the midbrain", "It is a consensual reflex", "Its afferent limb is carried in the oculomotor nerve" ]

[ "External and internal intercostal muscles", "External intercostal muscles and diaphragm", "Internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm", "External and internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm" ]

[ "Glans penis", "Prepuce", "Prostate", "Testes" ]

[ "Aorta", "Carotid arteries", "Inferior vena cava", "Pulmonary veins" ]

[ "Aorta", "Esophagus", "Trachea", "Pancreas" ]

[ "Between the left atrium and the left ventricle", "Between the right atrium and the right ventricle", "In the upper wall of the right atrium", "In the upper wall of the left ventricle" ]

[ "deep to its superior border.", "superficial to its superior border.", "deep to its inferior border.", "superficial to its inferior border." ]

[ "left submental lymph node.", "left and right submental lymph nodes.", "left submandibular lymph node.", "left and right submandibular lymph nodes." ]

[ "mesoderm formation and occurs after neurulation.", "ectomesenchyme formation and occurs before neurulation.", "mesoderm formation and occurs before neurulation.", "ectomesenchyme formation and occurs after neurulation." ]

[ "is a secondary growth cartilage.", "influences the position of the viscerocranium.", "ceases activity at 7 years of age.", "can be reactivated in patients affected by acromegaly." ]

[ "Carbon dioxide", "Carbon monoxide", "Nitrogen", "Oxygen" ]

[ "Glomerulonephritis", "Interstitial nephritis", "Nephrolithiasis", "Polycystic kidney" ]

[ "facial artery crosses the mandible.", "facial artery crosses the maxilla.", "superficial temporal artery crosses the maxilla.", "superficial temporal artery crosses the orbital rim." ]

[ "Appendix", "Gallbladder", "Spleen", "Urinary bladder" ]

[ "It is formed of autonomic nerve processes and is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles.", "It is formed of Purkinje fibres and is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles", "It is formed of autonomic nerve processes and forms one of several electrical connections between the atria and ventricles.", "It is formed of Purkinje fibres and forms one of several electrical connections between the atria and ventricles." ]

[ "Abduction", "Eversion", "Flexion", "Pronation" ]

[ "constriction of the laryngeal entrance.", "upward movement of the epiglottis.", "downward movement of the larynx.", "increase in respiratory rate." ]

[ "Gastroesophageal sphincter", "Duodenum", "Ileocecum", "Jejunum" ]

[ "Dorsal", "Erect", "Lateral", "Prone" ]

[ "palatine processes.", "palatine and frontonasal processes.", "palatine, frontonasal and secondary nasal processes.", "palatine, frontonasal, secondary nasal processes and mandibular processes." ]

[ "connects the inner ear and nasopharynx.", "is derived from the second pharyngeal pouch.", "is opened by the action of levator veli palatini.", "is closed by the action of tensor veli palatini." ]

[ "Appendix", "Gallbladder", "Pancreas", "Spleen" ]

[ "Abdominal and pelvic", "Cranial and spinal", "Thoracic and abdominal", "Pericardial and pleural" ]

[ "cartilage, smooth muscle and respiratory epithelium.", "cartilage and smooth muscle.", "cartilage and respiratory epithelium.", "smooth muscle and respiratory epithelium." ]

[ "Gallbladder", "Kidney", "Liver", "Spleen" ]

[ "Crohn's disease", "Esophageal varices", "Gastroesophageal reflux disease", "Pyloric stenosis" ]

[ "trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves.", "facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.", "trigeminal and vagus nerves.", "facial and vagus nerves." ]

[ "Calcaneus", "Femur", "Symphysis pubis", "Tibia" ]

[ "lower lip.", "lower lip and mandibular teeth.", "lower lip, mandibular teeth and labial gingivae of the anterior mandibular teeth.", "lower lip, mandibular teeth and labial gingivae of the anterior and buccal gingivae of the posterior mandibular teeth." ]

[ "internal laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the cough reflex.", "external laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the gag reflex.", "internal laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the gag reflex.", "external laryngeal nerve which is the afferent limb of the cough reflex." ]

[ "endochondral ossification and follow the somatic growth pattern.", "endochondral ossification and follow the neural growth pattern.", "intramembranous ossification and follow the somatic growth pattern.", "intramembranous ossification and follow the neural growth pattern." ]

[ "Heel", "Lower leg", "Toes", "Thigh" ]

[ "Lymphocyte", "Monocyte", "Erythrocyte", "Basophil" ]

[ "frontal and parietal bones.", "left and right parietal bones.", "parietal and occipital bones.", "parietal, squamous temporal and greater wing of the sphenoid." ]

[ "hyoid bone, cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage.", "thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, hyoid bone.", "hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage.", "thyroid cartilage, hyoid bone, cricoids cartilage." ]

[ "The supraorbital foramen", "The infraorbital foramen", "The mental foramen", "All of the above" ]

[ "The phrenic nerves", "The splanchnic nerves", "The sympathetic trunks", "The vagus nerves" ]

[ "Left ventricle → aorta → arteries → veins → capillaries", "Left ventricle → aorta → arteries →capillaries → veins", "Right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → arteries → capillaries →veins", "Right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → arteries → veins → capillaries" ]

[ "caudal", "dorsal", "frontal", "transverse" ]

[ "deep to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second molar.", "superficial to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second molar.", "deep to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second premolar.", "superficial to masseter and enters the mouth opposite the upper second premolar." ]

[ "Inward", "Outward", "Upward", "Downward" ]

[ "is a terminal branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve.", "is a terminal branch of the maxillary branch of the facial nerve.", "carries parasympathetic secretomotor neurons to the lacrimal gland.", "innervates the inferior part of the orbicularis oculi muscle." ]

[ "Absorption", "Emulsion", "Peristalsis", "Regurgitation" ]

[ "Dendrite", "Glial cell", "Nerve center", "Synapse" ]

[ "Masseter", "Temporalis", "Lateral pterygoid", "Medial pterygoid." ]

[ "Adrenal gland", "Gallbladder", "Liver", "Pancreas" ]

[ "loss of taste over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.", "loss of somaesthetic sensation over the anterior two thirds of the tongue.", "loss of taste and somaesthetic sensation over the posterior third of the tongue.", "paralysis of the muscles of the tongue." ]

[ "a convergent strabismus.", "ptosis.", "pupillary contriction.", "bitemporal hemianopia." ]

[ "Inferior vena cava", "Left ventricle", "Pulmonary arteries", "Pulmonary veins" ]

[ "extend their neck against resistance.", "extend their neck without impairment.", "lift their shoulders against resistance.", "lift their shoulders without impairment." ]

[ "The muscles of mastication", "The muscles of mastication and anterior belly of digastric", "The muscles of mastication and anterior and posterior bellies of digastric", "The muscles of mastication, anterior and posterior bellies of digastric and geniohyoid" ]

[ "In front of the ears and just above eye level", "In the antecubital space", "In the middle of the groin", "On the anterior side of the neck" ]

[ "nociception decussate in the medial lemniscus", "skilled movements decussate in the medial lemniscus", "skilled motor movements decussate in the pyramids.", "discriminative touch decussate in the pyramids." ]

[ "thyroid cartilage.", "cricothyroid membrane.", "cricoid cartilage.", "tracheal rings." ]

[ "The incisive nerve", "The mental nerve", "The buccal nerve", "The lingual nerve" ]

[ "the capsule and ligaments of the TMJ and the medial pterygoid muscle.", "the capsule and ligaments of the TMJ and the lateral pterygoid muscle.", "the articular disc of the TMJ and the medial pterygoid muscle.", "the articular disc of the TMJ and the lateral pterygoid muscle." ]

[ "Acetylcholine", "Cholecystokinin", "Deoxyribose", "Oxytocin" ]

[ "Lamina I.", "Lamina II.", "Lamina V.", "Lamina IX" ]

[ "anterior fragment to be displaced downwards by the action of the digastric muscle.", "posterior fragment to be displaced anteriorly by the action of the lateral pterygoid muscle.", "anterior fragment to be displaced backwards by action of the temporalis muscle.", "posterior fragment to be displaced medially by action of the medial pterygoid muscle." ]

[ "oculomotor nerve.", "trochlear nerve.", "ophthalmic trigeminal nerve.", "abducens nerve." ]

[ "spastic paralysis", "flaccid paralysis", "atrophy", "contracture" ]

[ "spastic paralysis.", "flaccid paralysis.", "tremor.", "hyporeflexia." ]

[ "right lung because the right main bronchus is wider and more vertical than the left.", "left lung because the left main bronchus is wider and more vertical than the right.", "right lung or left lung because the two main bronchi are of equal size and at the same angulation.", "right or left lung because there are no factors predisposing to the fragment going in one particular direction." ]

[ "Androgens", "Catecholamines", "Electrolytes", "Estrogens" ]

[ "parasympathetic pre- and post-ganglionic neurons", "sympathetic pre- and post-ganglionic neurons", "parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons and target organs", "sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons and target organs" ]

[ "Adrenal", "Bartholin's", "Bulbourethral", "Corpus luteum" ]

[ "superior to the thyroid cartilage.", "inferior to the thyroid cartilage.", "inferior to the cricoid cartilage.", "superior to the thyroid isthmus." ]

[ "skull and dura mater.", "dura mater and arachnoid mater.", "arachnoid and pia maters.", "pia mater and brain surface." ]

[ "Alveoli", "Epiglottis", "Larynx", "Uvula" ]

[ "The roof", "The floor", "The lateral wall", "The medial wall" ]

[ "the floor of the orbit.", "the floor of the orbit and the upper posterior teeth.", "the floor of the orbit, the upper posterior teeth and the infratemporal fossa.", "the floor of the orbit, the upper posterior teeth, the infratemporal fossa and the hard palate." ]

[ "Pneumatisation by enlargement of the developing maxillary sinus ceases at puberty", "Space is created for the eruption of the permanent molars by resorption of the maxillary tuberosity", "The zygomaticomaxillary sutures contribute to increase in height and length of the maxilla", "The intermaxillary suture closes about eight years postnatally" ]

[ "taste buds on the posterior third of the tongue.", "muscles of the soft palate.", "muscles of the lower lip.", "the parotid salivary gland." ]

[ "The anterior ethmoidal sinuses", "The anterior ethmoidal and frontal sinuses", "The anterior ethmoidal, frontal and maxillary sinuses", "The anterior ethmoidal, frontal, maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses" ]

[ "Collagen", "Heparin", "Lipocyte", "Melanin" ]

[ "descent of the tongue.", "changes in flexure of the developing brain.", "hydrophilic molecules increasing turgor pressure in the palatine shelves.", "a combination of these three processes." ]

[ "The palatal surfaces of the upper molars and lingual surfaces of the lower incisors.", "The buccal surfaces of the upper molars and lingual surfaces of the lower incisors.", "The palatal surfaces of the upper molars and labial surfaces of the lower incisors.", "The buccal surfaces of the upper molars and labial surfaces of the lower incisors." ]

[ "there are numerous mucous glands in the vestibular folds.", "the mucosa covering the vocal folds is tightly attached to underlying tissues.", "fluid will drain rapidly into the thorax below the vocal folds.", "the mucosa above the vocal folds is more vascular than that below the vocal folds." ]

[ "arise from the arch of the aorta and fill during diastole.", "arise from the ascending aorta and fill during systole.", "arise from the arch of the aorta and fill during systole.", "arise from the ascending aorta and fill during diastole." ]

[ "Left lateral pterygoid muscle", "Right lateral pterygoid muscle", "Left medial pterygoid muscle", "Right medial pterygoid muscle" ]

[ "diaphragm.", "diaphragm and parietal pleura.", "diaphragm, parietal pleura and pericardium.", "diaphragm, parietal pleura, pericardium and intercostals muscles." ]

[ "third cranial nerves.", "fourth cranial nerves.", "fifth cranial nerves.", "sixth cranial nerves." ]

[ "light pink in colour on both sides of the mucogingigival junction.", "light pink below the mucogingival junction and red above it.", "red below the mucogingival junction and light pink above it.", "red on both sides of the mucogingival junction." ]

[ "maxillary and mandibular processes.", "left and right mandibular processes.", "maxillary and frontonasal processes.", "mandibular and hyoid arches." ]

[ "to be palpable intraorally..", "to be palpable extraorally.", "to be palpable both intra- and extraorally.", "only to be detectable by radiographical examination." ]