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9 Soundtrack releases </Li> <Li> 10 Stage shows </Li> <Li> 11 Mobile streaming </Li> <Li> 12 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 13 In other media </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> Hosted by a character named DJ Lance Rock , the series featured a mix of live - action segments featuring cartoonish costumed characters -- Muno ( the red cyclops ) , Foofa ( the pink flower bubble ) , Brobee ( a little hairy green monster ) , Toodee ( the blue cat - dragon ) and Plex ( the magic yellow robot ) -- and many short animated sketches and musical numbers . </P> <P> Popular artists who have appeared on the show include Mos Def , Bootsy Collins , Ladytron , The Killers , Enon , The Clientele , Jimmy Eat World , Solange Knowles , Taking Back Sunday , Datarock , The Aquabats , Devo , Anne Heche , Joy Zipper , Of Montreal , Chromeo , My Chemical Romance , Weezer , Hot Hot Heat , The Faint , The Roots , Paul Williams , Mates of State , MGMT , Jack Black , Tony Hawk , Elijah Wood , Peter Bjorn and John , Trunk Boiz , The Shins , The Aggrolites , The Flaming Lips , Mýa , Biz Markie , Blitzen Trapper , The Ting Tings , Money Mark , Mariachi El Bronx , `` Weird Al '' Yankovic , Erykah Badu , and Lil Wayne . Other non-musical celebrity guests to have appeared include Jason Bateman , Andy Samberg , Sarah Silverman , Laila Ali , Bill Hader , and Anthony Bourdain . </P> <P> Among the varied animation sequences during the show was Super Martian Robot Girl , designed by indie cartoonists Evan Dorkin and Sarah Dyer . </P> <P> The toy models of the characters that appeared at the beginning and end of each show were made by Kidrobot . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Yo Gabba Gabba ! was developed by two Southern California fathers , Christian Jacobs and Scott Schultz , who first started working together as teenagers , producing and directing skateboarding videos . Their goal was to design a kids ' show that was entertaining while featuring real artists and real performers . Both had no previous experience writing for television , let alone children 's broadcasting or education . In developing the show they took inspiration from a number of sources including Sesame Street , The Electric Company , Pee - wee 's Playhouse , as well as Sid and Marty Krofft puppet shows Banana Splits and H.R. Pufnstuf . </P> <P> In 1999 , after becoming parents , Jacobs and Schultz started playing around with ideas for children 's television and produced a pilot independently financed by small loans from friends and family . Yo Gabba Gabba ! did not get much attention until it started circulating on the Internet . Jared Hess , the director of Napoleon Dynamite and Nacho Libre , saw the pilot online and recommended it to Brown Johnson , the executive vice president and executive creative director of Nickelodeon Preschool . Yo Gabba Gabba ! premiered on Nickelodeon on August 20 , 2007 . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show was produced by The Magic Store and Wild Brain . Yo Gabba Gabba ! airs on the Nick Jr. cable network in the United States and the Nick Jr. networks in the United Kingdom & Ireland , Italy , France and Australia as well as Treehouse TV network in Canada , Disney Junior in Latin America and RTE2 on RTÉjr in Ireland . The series premiered August 20 , 2007 on Nickelodeon as part of its Nick Jr. block , and began broadcasting in reruns from February 23 , 2008 to November 2016 on the Nick Jr . TV channel . The show was not renewed for a fifth season . </P> <H2> Episode structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> All episodes follow a similar format . In the opening scene , DJ Lance Rock is shown walking on a plain white background while holding a gray radio with colorful buttons . He then gets to a table scenery that involves four different colored lands and a gray cloth underneath it . He then places down the radio , and then he shouts `` YOOOO Gabba Gabba ! '' and opens the radio , and inside it are 5 toy figures : Toodee , Muno , Foofa , Plex , and Brobee . He places down the figures one - by - one , and then they become alive . </P> <P> The episode features four main segments ( it was shortened to three after the first season ) that are connected to each other as a plot . They involve DJ Lance and the gabbas doing an activity . After each main segment , a short clip is shown that shows a kid dancing around . The kid says his or her name , followed by `` I like to dance ! '' . </P> <P> Between the main segments , there is another segment called `` The Super Music Friends Show '' , which features a performance by a band about the episode 's topic . Other small segments include `` Mark 's Magic Pictures '' and `` Biz 's Beat of the Day '' . </P> <P> Near the end of each episode , DJ Lance and the gabbas do a mix - like song about what had occurred during the main segments . After it is finished , DJ Lance shouts `` YOOOO Gabba Gabba ! '' once again , and then Brobee , Muno , Toodee , Foofa , and Plex turn back into toys . One - by - one , DJ Lance puts them back in the radio , closes the radio , and then walks off carrying it . The credits then roll . </P> <H2> The stars ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> DJ Lance Rock -- ( Portrayed by Lance Robertson U.S. , voice dubbed by Ortis Deley in the UK ) A DJ who is the narrator and friend of the other characters and the series ' host . </Li> <Li> Muno -- ( Voiced by Adam Deibert U.S. , Bob Golding UK ) A friendly red cyclops boy . He 's the tallest , is somewhat clumsy and has a close bond with Foofa ( though she also bonds with Brobee in the same way ) . He is also the band 's guitarist . In the episodes `` Family '' , `` Circus '' , and `` Baby '' , his family makes an appearance . During Super Bowl XLIV , he appeared in a commercial for the Kia Sorento . His realm resembles the moon , another planet , or a desert and he has a pet horse . He has three stomachs as seen in the X-ray in the Season 1 episode `` Halloween '' ( # 13 ) . However another X-ray in the Season 1 episode `` Imagine '' ( # 20 ) shows him with one stomach , a normal heart and lungs . His catchphrase is `` Razzle Dazzle '' . </Li> <Li> Foofa -- ( Voiced by Emma Jacobs - Briggs U.S. , Teresa Gallagher UK ) A female flower bubble character who 's `` pink and happy . '' She likes flowers , rainbows and unicorns . Her instrument is the tambourine . Her realm is a spring or summer meadow . </Li> <Li> Brobee -- ( Voiced by Amos Watene U.S. , Simon Feilder UK ) A small , green monster boy and the baby of the gabbas . He is the drummer for the Gabba band . He is the one of the characters whose facial expression changes depending on the situation ; his normal face turning into a frown , and vice versa . He is often subjected to trying new foods . His realm is a vast autumn forest . It is mentioned that he is four years old . </Li> <Li> Toodee -- ( Voiced by Erin Pearce U.S. , Jonell Elliot UK ) A blue arctic female cat - dragon who loves to have fun . She has a close bond with Plex and is the bassist for the Gabba band . She resides in a winter arctic realm , with icicles . </Li> <Li> Plex -- ( Voiced by Christian Jacobs U.S. , Simon Feilder UK ) A magic yellow robot boy and the oldest of the gabbas and he is Toodee 's love instest . He is portrayed as being smart and as the leader of Gabba Land . Plex usually teaches lessons to his friends and is a father figure to the gang . He can also use his special ray to bring things into existence . His instrument is the keytar . He has no realm in particular , though he seems to have a `` docking station '' between Foofa and Brobee 's realms . In `` Gabbaland Begins '' , Plex is the last in DJ Lance 's original creations after he goes through Muno , Foofa , Brobee , and Toodee , although , Brobee is supposedly a four - year - old in the series . </Li> <Li> Gooble - ( Voiced by Joel Fox U.S. ) A ghost who is always so sad and crying . He resides in a haunted house located in a non-gabba land - place named `` Gooble Land '' . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Regular segments ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Jingles , each episode has animated music videos featuring music by a guest musician and animation by guest artists , designers , and animators . They often happen after the first segment in an episode . ( One episode does not have the segment . ) </Li> <Li> Mark 's Magic Pictures , featuring Mark Mothersbaugh , drawing simple pictures that often come alive at the end of the segment . </Li> <Li> Biz 's Beat of the Day , starring Biz Markie , demonstrating new beatboxing beats . </Li> <Li> The Super Music Friends Show , featuring musical guests and introduced by John Reis as `` The Music Swami '' and Matt Chapman as the announcer . </Li> <Li> Dancey Dance Time , featuring celebrity guests performing dance moves with the characters . It is rarely used after season one . </Li> <Li> Numbers , live action music video similar to the jingles , usually with counting up numbers or back . </Li> <Li> Cool Tricks , in which a child or adult demonstrates a special talent ( e.g. , gymnastics , breakdancing , playing a theremin , cup stacking or another cool trick . ) </Li> <Li> Storytime , where a child narrates a story ( e.g. , Goon Fishin ' , Goodnight Moon or another story . ) </Li> <Li> Super Martian Robot Girl , featuring a helpful comic book - style superhero who saves the day , but only solves extremely contrived misunderstandings of ignorant citizens , instead of battling crime . </Li> <Li> Learn with Plex , a solo segment in which Plex teaches basic daily skills like brushing your teeth , making lemonade , putting on pajamas , etc. ( three times by saying `` it 's fun to '' do whatever he is teaching ) in chants , using four repeated steps . ( Season 1 only ) </Li> <Li> Play Pretend with Muno , in which Muno encourages viewers to pretend along with him , as he imagines himself as various creatures and objects . ( Season 1 only ) </Li> <Li> Listen with Toodee , in which Toodee listens to sounds and encourages the viewer to help her identify them . ( Season 1 only ) </Li> <Li> Color with Brobee , in which the viewer guesses what color Brobee is thinking of by the examples he gives . ( Season 1 only ) </Li> <Li> Play Games with Foofa , in which Foofa solves

The main characters in Yo Gabba Gabba! include

Who are the characters in yo gabba gabba?

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passengers on the Mayflower . <P> Some families traveled together , while some men came alone , leaving families in England and Leiden . Two wives on board were pregnant ; Elizabeth Hopkins gave birth to son Oceanus while at sea , and Susanna White gave birth to son Peregrine in late November while the ship was anchored in Cape Cod Harbor . He is historically recognized as the first European child born in the New England area . One child died during the voyage , and there was one stillbirth during the construction of the colony . </P> <P> According to the Mayflower passenger list , just over a third of the passengers were Puritan Separatists who sought to break away from the established Church of England and create a society along the lines of their religious ideals . Others were hired hands , servants , or farmers recruited by London merchants , all originally destined for the Colony of Virginia . Four of this latter group of passengers were small children given into the care of Mayflower pilgrims as indentured servants . The Virginia Company began the transportation of children in 1618 . Until relatively recently , the children were thought to be orphans , foundlings , or involuntary child labor . At that time , children were routinely rounded up from the streets of London or taken from poor families receiving church relief to be used as laborers in the colonies . Any legal objections to the involuntary transportation of the children were overridden by the Privy Council . For instance it was proven that the four More children were sent to America because they were deemed illegitimate . Three of the four More children died in the first winter in the New World , but Richard lived to be approximately 81 , dying in Salem , probably in 1695 or 1696 . </P> <P> The passengers mostly slept and lived in the low - ceilinged great cabins and on the main deck , which was 75 by 20 feet large ( 23 m × 6 m ) at most . The cabins were thin - walled and extremely cramped , and the total area was 25 ft by 15 ft ( 7.6 m × 4.5 m ) at its largest . Below decks , any person over five feet ( 150 cm ) tall would be unable to stand up straight . The maximum possible space for each person would have been slightly less than the size of a standard single bed . </P> <P> Passengers would pass the time by reading by candlelight or playing cards and games such as Nine Men 's Morris . Meals on board were cooked by the firebox , which was an iron tray with sand in it on which a fire was built . This was risky because it was kept in the waist of the ship . Passengers made their own meals from rations that were issued daily and food was cooked for a group at a time . </P> <P> Upon arrival in America , the harsh climate and scarcity of fresh food were exacerbated by the shortness of provisions due to the delay in departure . Living in these extremely close and crowded quarters , several passengers developed scurvy , a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C. At the time the use of lemons or limes to counter this disease was unknown , and the usual dietary sources of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables had been depleted , since these fresh foods could not be stored for long periods without their becoming rotten . Passengers who developed scurvy experienced symptoms such as bleeding gums , teeth falling out , and stinking breath . </P> <P> Passengers consumed large amounts of alcohol such as beer with meals . This was known to be safer than water , which often came from polluted sources causing diseases . All food and drink was stored in barrels known as `` hogsheads '' . </P> <P> The passenger William Mullins brought 126 pairs of shoes and 13 pairs of boots in his luggage . Other items included oiled leather and canvas suits , stuff gowns and leather and stuff breeches , shirts , jerkins , doublets , neckcloths , hats and caps , hose , stockings , belts , piece goods , and haberdasherie . At his death , his estate consisted of extensive footwear and other items of clothing , and made his daughter Priscilla and her husband John Alden quite prosperous . </P> <P> No cattle or beasts of draft or burden were brought on the journey , but there were pigs , goats , and poultry . Some passengers brought family pets such as cats and birds . Peter Browne took his large bitch mastiff , and John Goodman brought along his spaniel . </P> <H2> Mayflower officers , crew , and others </H2> <P> According to author Charles Banks , the officers and crew of the Mayflower consisted of a captain , four mates , four quartermasters , surgeon , carpenter , cooper , cooks , boatswains , gunners , and about 36 men before the mast , making a total of about 50 . The entire crew stayed with the Mayflower in Plymouth through the winter of 1620 -- 1621 , and about half of them died during that time . The remaining crewmen returned to England on the Mayflower , which sailed for London on April 5 , 1621 . </P> <H3> Crew members per various sources </H3> <P> Banks states that the crew totaled 36 men before the mast and 14 officers , making a total of 50 . Nathaniel Philbrick estimates between 20 and 30 sailors in her crew whose names are unknown . Nick Bunker states that Mayflower had a crew of at least 17 and possibly as many as 30 . Caleb Johnson states that the ship carried a crew of about 30 men , but the exact number is unknown . </P> <H3> Officers and crew </H3> <Ul> <Li> Captain : Christopher Jones . About age 50 , of Harwich , a seaport in Essex , England , which was also the port of his ship Mayflower . He and his ship were veterans of the European cargo business , often carrying wine to England , but neither had ever crossed the Atlantic . By June 1620 , he and the Mayflower had been hired for the Pilgrims voyage by their business agents in London , Thomas Weston of the Merchant Adventurers and Robert Cushman . Historical marker in London honoring the Mayflower and Captain Jones . </Li> <Li> Masters Mate : John Clark ( Clarke ) , Pilot . By age 45 in 1620 , Clark already had greater adventures than most other mariners of that dangerous era . His piloting career began in England about 1609 . In early 1611 , he was pilot of a 300 - ton ship on his first New World voyage , with a three - ship convoy sailing from London to the new settlement of Jamestown in Virginia . Two other ships were in that convoy , and the three ships brought 300 new settlers to Jamestown , going first to the Caribbean islands of Dominica and Nevis . While in Jamestown , Clark piloted ships in the area carrying various stores . During that time , he was taken prisoner in a confrontation with the Spanish ; he was taken to Havana and held for two years , then transferred to Spain where he was in custody for five years . In 1616 , he was finally freed in a prisoner exchange with England . In 1618 , he was back in Jamestown as pilot of the ship Falcon . Shortly after his return to England , he was hired as pilot for the Mayflower in 1620 . </Li> <Li> Masters Mate : Robert Coppin , Pilot . Coppin had prior New World experience ; he previously hunted whales in Newfoundland and sailed the coast of New England . He was an early investor in the Virginia Company , being named in the Second Virginia Charter of 1609 . He was possibly from Harwich in Essex , the hometown of Captain Jones . </Li> <Li> Masters Mate : Andrew Williamson </Li> <Li> Masters Mate : John Parker </Li> <Li> Surgeon : Doctor Giles Heale . The surgeon on board the Mayflower was never mentioned by Bradford , but his identity was well established . He was essential in providing comfort to all who died or were made ill that first winter . He was a young man from Drury Lane in the parish of St. Giles in the Field , London who had completed his apprenticeship with the Barber - Surgeons in the previous year . On February 21 , 1621 , he was a witness to the death - bed will of William Mullins . He survived the first winter and returned to London on the Mayflower in April 1621 , where he began his medical practice and worked as a surgeon until his death in 1653 . </Li> <Li> Cooper : John Alden . Alden was a 21 - year - old from Harwich in Essex and a distant relative of Captain Jones . He hired on apparently while the Mayflower was anchored at Southampton Waters . He was responsible for maintaining the ship 's barrels , known as hogsheads , which were critical to the passengers ' survival and held the only source of food and drink while at sea ; tending them was a job which required a crew member 's attention . Bradford noted that Alden was `` left to his own liking to go or stay '' in Plymouth rather than return with the ship to England . He decided to remain . </Li> <Li> Quartermaster : ( names unknown ) , 4 men . These men were in charge of maintaining the ship 's cargo hold , as well as the crew 's hours for standing watch . Some of the `` before the mast '' crewmen may also have been in this section . These quartermasters were also responsible for fishing and maintaining all fishing supplies and harpoons . The names of the quartermasters are unknown , but it is known that three of the four men died the first winter . </Li> <Li> Cook : ( name unknown ) . He was responsible for preparing the crew 's meals and maintaining all food supplies and the cook room , which was typically located in the ship 's forecastle ( front end ) . The unnamed cook died the first winter . </Li> <Li> Master Gunner : ( name unknown ) . He was in charge of the ship 's guns , ammunition , and powder . Some of those `` before the mast '' were likely in his charge . He is recorded as going on an exploration on December 6 , 1620 , and was `` sick unto death and so remained all that day , and the next night '' . He died later that winter . </Li> <Li> Boatswain : ( name unknown ) . He was the person in charge of the ship 's rigging and sails , the anchors , and the ship 's longboat . The majority of the crew members `` before the mast '' were most likely under his supervision , working the sails and rigging . The operation of the ship 's shallop was also probably under his control , a light open boat with oars or sails ( see seaman Thomas English ) . William Bradford made this comment about the boatswain : `` the boatswain ... was a proud young man , who would often curse and scoff at the passengers , but when he grew weak they had compassion on him and helped him . '' But despite such assistance , the unnamed boatswain died the first winter . </Li> <Li> Carpenter : ( name unknown ) . He was responsible for making sure that the hull was well - caulked and the masts were

The captain of the Mayflower when it took the Pilgrims to the New World was

Who was the captain of the mayflower when it took the pilgrims to the new world?

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NCAA men 's national Collegiate volleyball championship - wikipedia <H1> NCAA men 's national Collegiate volleyball championship </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> NCAA Men 's National Collegiate Volleyball Championship <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sport </Th> <Td> College indoor volleyball </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> 1970 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of teams </Th> <Td> 6 ( as of 2014 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Most recent champion ( s ) </Th> <Td> Ohio State 2 ( 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TV partner ( s ) </Th> <Td> ESPNU </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Official website </Th> <Td> NCAA.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The NCAA Men 's National Collegiate Volleyball Championship was , before 2012 , the only tournament that determined the NCAA championship of American college men 's volleyball . It remains the NCAA 's top - level men 's volleyball championship , following the 2012 establishment of a Division III championship . </P> <P> In the past , schools from the Pacific Coast region have dominated this sport , in particular UCLA with coach Al Scates leading the program to 19 NCAA titles ( more than any other coach ) . However , in recent years midwest teams have made their presence know in men 's volleyball , winning 5 of the last 10 national championships . Ohio State leads the midwest in national championships , with 3 total national championships including the last two . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Competition structure </Li> <Li> 2 Division I participation </Li> <Li> 3 Champions <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Team titles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Past tournaments <Ul> <Li> 4.1 2011 </Li> <Li> 4.2 2012 </Li> <Li> 4.3 2013 </Li> <Li> 4.4 2014 </Li> <Li> 4.5 2015 </Li> <Li> 4.6 2016 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Competition structure ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of NCAA men 's volleyball schools <P> Before the 2011 -- 12 school year ( 2012 championship ) , men 's volleyball did not have an official divisional structure ; even now , that structure is truncated . The National Collegiate Championship remains as the NCAA 's top - level championship , but Division III members now have their own championship , officially known as the NCAA Division III Men 's Volleyball Championship . </P> <P> With the introduction of an official Division III championship , schools in that division are no longer eligible for the National Collegiate Championship . The last exception was Rutgers -- Newark , whose men 's volleyball program had been a grandfathered scholarship program , and could compete for the National Collegiate Championship through 2014 . Rutgers -- Newark completed a transition to Division III men 's volleyball at the end of that season , and joined the D - III Continental Volleyball Conference effective with the 2015 season . </P> <P> There are three general regions for men 's volleyball : `` West '' , `` Midwest '' , and `` East '' . The three major conferences that currently represent these regions are the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) , Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association ( MIVA ) , and Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association ( EIVA ) . After the creation of the D - III national championship , the only other conference whose members are eligible to compete for the National Collegiate Championship is Conference Carolinas , a Division II league . Members of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics ( NAIA ) , a separate athletics governing body whose members are primarily smaller institutions , regularly play matches against NCAA teams . </P> <P> Because of the historic lack of an official divisional structure in men 's volleyball , all three major conferences have members that normally compete in Division II . Before the creation of the Division III national championship , the EIVA had several Division III members , but all of those schools now compete in D - III men 's volleyball . </P> <P> Through the 2013 tournament , each of the three major conferences ( MPSF , MIVA and EIVA ) received an automatic bid to the Final Four , with one additional at - large bid . The remaining bid was an at - large bid that could be awarded to any team in Division I or II ( including Rutgers -- Newark ) . Generally , the best team not receiving an automatic bid ( usually from one of the three major conferences ) received the at - large bid . </P> <P> Beginning with the 2014 championship , the field expanded to six teams , with the two new teams being the champion of Conference Carolinas and one extra at - large entry . The new format features two quarterfinal matches involving the four lowest - seeded teams in the field , with the winners joining the two top seeds in the semifinals . Originally , the quarterfinals were to be played at campus sites , with the Final Four at a separate predetermined site , but it was decided instead to have the entire championship tournament at one site . </P> <H2> Division I participation ( edit ) </H2> The Pennsylvania State University Nittany Lions men 's volleyball team are honored in June 2008 at the White House for United States President George W. Bush for the side 's winning the 2008 national championship . <P> The number of Division I schools sponsoring men 's volleyball has fluctuated between 20 and 24 teams since 1986 . None of the traditional D-I conferences sponsor volleyball . Two of the three major conferences , the Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association ( EIVA ) and Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association ( MIVA ) , are volleyball - specific conferences . The third major conference is the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) , a multi-sport conference of schools whose primary conferences do not sponsor its ten sports . In addition to the 22 D-I schools , 24 Division II schools are competing in D-I volleyball in the current 2017 men 's volleyball season : </P> <Ul> <Li> Charleston ( WV ) competes in the EIVA . </Li> <Li> Lindenwood , Lewis , McKendree , and Quincy compete in the MIVA . </Li> <Li> California Baptist and UC San Diego compete in the MPSF . The 2017 season is the last for UC San Diego in the MPSF , as it will leave to join the new men 's volleyball league to be established by the Big West Conference in 2017 -- 18 . </Li> <Li> Conference Carolinas , the first all - sports conference in either Division I or II to sponsor men 's volleyball , has 10 competing teams . <Ul> <Li> The 2017 season is the last for Pfeiffer in Conference Carolinas and Division II ; it is transitioning to Division III and will join the D - III USA South Athletic Conference starting in 2017 -- 18 . Should Pfeiffer continue to sponsor men 's volleyball , it must do so as a D - III member because that division has its own national championship . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Seven schools compete as men 's volleyball independents . Three of these are campuses of the University of Puerto Rico . The other four are Alderson Broaddus , which began play in 2016 ; established D - II program Coker ; Concordia -- Irvine , transitioning from the NAIA to D - II ; and Lincoln Memorial , which started play in the 2017 season . Concordia -- Irvine will join the MPSF in 2017 -- 18 . Queens ( NC ) will add men 's volleyball for the 2018 season . </Li> </Ul> <P> Division II does not have a separate national championship , and neither Division I nor II has a sufficient number of teams to sponsor a national championship without the other . </P> <P> Following the 2017 season , the MPSF men 's volleyball league will lose half of its 12 members when the Big West Conference adds the sport . The five full Big West members that field men 's volleyball teams will be joined by UC San Diego , which has been announced as a future full member of the Big West . At the same time , the MPSF will add Concordia -- Irvine from the independent ranks and Grand Canyon from the MIVA . </P> <H2> Champions ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="25"> NCAA Men 's National Collegiate Volleyball Championship </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Site ( Host ) </Th> <Th> Host Arena </Th> <Td> </Td> <Th colspan="3"> Final </Th> <Td> </Td> <Th colspan="3"> Third Place Final / Other participants </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winner </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Runner - up </Th> <Th> Third Place </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Fourth Place </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1970 Details </Td> <Td> Los Angeles ( UCLA ) </Td> <Td> Pauley Pavilion </Td> <Td> UCLA ( 24 -- 1 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Long Beach State </Td> <Td> UC Santa Barbara </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Ball State </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1971 Details </Td> <Td> UCLA ( 29 -- 1 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 2 </Td> <Td> UC Santa Barbara </Td> <Td> Ball State </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Springfield </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1972 Details </Td> <Td> Muncie , Indiana ( Ball State ) </Td> <Td> Irving Gymnasium </Td> <Td> UCLA ( 27 -- 7 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 2 </Td> <Td> San Diego State </Td> <Td> Ball State </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> UC Santa Barbara </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1973 Details </Td> <Td> San Diego ( San Diego State ) </Td> <Td> Peterson Gym </Td> <Td> San Diego State ( 21 -- 5 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Long Beach State </Td> <Td> Ball State </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Army </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Details </Td> <Td> Santa Barbara , California ( UCSB ) </Td> <Td> Robertson Gymnasium </Td> <Td> UCLA ( 30 -- 5 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 2 </Td> <Td> UC Santa Barbara </Td> <Td> Ball State </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Springfield </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Details </Td> <Td> Los Angeles ( UCLA ) </Td> <Td> Pauley Pavilion </Td> <Td> UCLA ( 27 -- 8 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> UC Santa Barbara </Td> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Yale </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1976 Details </Td> <Td> Muncie , Indiana ( Ball State ) </Td> <Td> Irving Gymnasium </Td> <Td> UCLA ( 15 -- 2 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Pepperdine </Td> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Springfield </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1977 Details </Td> <Td> Los Angeles ( UCLA ) </Td> <Td> Pauley Pavilion </Td> <Td> USC ( 18 -- 1 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> Pepperdine </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Rutgers -- Newark </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 Details </Td> <Td> Columbus , Ohio ( Ohio State ) </Td> <Td> St. John Arena </Td> <Td> Pepperdine ( 21 -- 4 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 2 </Td> <Td> UCLA </Td> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 2 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Rutgers -- Newark </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1979 Details </Td> <Td> Los Angeles ( UCLA ) </Td> <Td> Pauley Pavilion </Td> <Td> UCLA ( 30 -- 0 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> USC </Td> <Td> Rutgers -- Newark </Td> <Td> 3 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Ball State </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 Details </Td> <Td> Muncie , Indiana ( Ball State ) </Td> <Td> Irving Gymnasium </Td> <Td> USC ( 22 -- 6 ) </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> <Td> UCLA </Td> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 3 -- 0 </Td> <Td> Rutgers -- Newark </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 Details </Td> <Td> Santa Barbara , California ( UCSB ) </Td> <Td>

The winner of the national championship in volleyball in 2017 was

Who won the national championship in volleyball 2017?

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Thanksgiving dinner - wikipedia <H1> Thanksgiving dinner </H1> Jump to : navigation , search ( Almost Traditional ) Thanksgiving Dinner <P> The centerpiece of contemporary Thanksgiving in the United States and Canada is a large meal , generally centered on a large roasted turkey . It is served with a variety of side dishes which vary from traditional dishes such as mashed potatoes , stuffing , and cranberry sauce , to ones that reflect regional or cultural heritage . The majority of the dishes in the traditional American version of Thanksgiving dinner are made from foods native to the New World , as according to tradition the Pilgrims received these foods , or learned how to grow them , from the Native Americans . Thanksgiving dinner is the largest eating event in the United States ; people eat more on Thanksgiving than on any other day of the year . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Historical menus </Li> <Li> 2 Turkey </Li> <Li> 3 Alternatives to turkey </Li> <Li> 4 Side dishes </Li> <Li> 5 Beverages </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Historical menus ( edit ) </H2> 1943 Thanksgiving Day dinner menu from USS Wake Island ( CVE - 65 ) <P> According to what traditionally is known as `` The First Thanksgiving , '' the 1621 feast between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag at Plymouth Colony contained waterfowl , venison , ham , lobster , clams , berries , fruit , pumpkin , and squash . William Bradford noted that , `` besides waterfowl , there was great store of wild turkeys , of which they took many . '' Many of the foods that were included in the first feast ( except , notably , the seafood ) have since gone on to become staples of the modern Thanksgiving dinner . Early feasts of the Order of Good Cheer , a French Canadian predecessor to the modern Thanksgiving , featured a potluck dinner with freshly - hunted fowl , game , and fish , hunted and shared by both French Canadians and local natives . </P> <P> The use of the turkey in the US for Thanksgiving precedes Lincoln 's nationalization of the holiday in 1863 . Alexander Hamilton proclaimed that no `` Citizen of the United States should refrain from turkey on Thanksgiving Day , '' and Benjamin Franklin had high regard for the wild turkey as an American icon , but turkey was uncommon as Thanksgiving fare until after 1800 . By 1857 , turkey had become part of the traditional dinner in New England . </P> <P> A Thanksgiving Day dinner served to the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1935 included : pickles , green olives , celery , roast turkey , oyster stew , cranberry sauce , giblet gravy , dressing , creamed asparagus tips , snowflake potatoes , baked carrots , hot rolls , fruit salad , mince meat pie , fruit cake , candies , grapes , apples , clams , fish , and many other food harvests . French drip coffee , cigars and cigarettes . </P> <P> The White House Cook Book , 1887 , by Mrs. F.L. Gillette , et al. , had the following menu : oysters on half shell , cream of chicken soup , fried smelts , sauce tartare , roast turkey , cranberry sauce , mashed potatoes , baked squash , boiled onions , parsnip fritters , olives , chicken salad , venison pastry , pumpkin pie , mince pie , Charlotte russe , almond ice cream , lemon jelly , hickory nut cake , cheese , fruits and coffee . </P> <P> Sugar , among other food commodities , was rationed from 1942 to 1946 . In 1947 , as part of a voluntary rationing campaign , the Harry Truman Administration attempted to promote `` Poultryless Thursdays , '' discouraging Americans from eating poultry or egg products on Thursdays . Because Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday , this meant that turkey and pumpkin pie , two Thanksgiving staples , were forbidden , not only for that holiday , but for Christmas and New Year 's Day as well , since those holidays landed on Thursday in 1947 . ( Pumpkin pie was forbidden because it contained eggs . ) The National Poultry and Egg Board furiously lobbied the President to cease promoting the plan ; it culminated in a truce at the National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation shortly before Thanksgiving . Turkey was no longer forbidden , but Eggless Thursdays remained for the rest of the year , meaning no pumpkin pie was served at the White House dinner that year . </P> <H2> Turkey ( edit ) </H2> Oven roasted turkey <P> Turkey is the most common main dish of a Thanksgiving dinner , to the point where Thanksgiving is sometimes colloquially called `` Turkey Day . '' In 2006 , American turkey growers were expected to raise 270 million turkeys , to be processed into five billion pounds of turkey meat valued at almost $8 billion , with one third of all turkey consumption occurring in the Thanksgiving - Christmas season , and a per capita consumption of almost 18 pounds ( 8.2 kg ) . The Broad Breasted White turkey is particularly bred for Thanksgiving dinner and similar large feasts ; its large size ( specimens can grow to over 40 pounds ) and meat content make it ideal for such situations , although the breed must be artificially bred and suffers from health problems due to its size . </P> <P> Most Thanksgiving turkeys are stuffed with a bread - based mixture and roasted . Sage is the traditional herb added to the stuffing , along with chopped celery , carrots , and onions . Other ingredients , such as chopped chestnuts or other tree nuts , crumbled sausage or bacon , cranberries , raisins , or apples , may be added to stuffing . If this mixture is prepared outside the bird , it may be known as dressing . Deep - fried turkey is rising in popularity due to its shorter preparation time , but carries safety risks . </P> <P> The consumption of turkey on Thanksgiving is so ingrained in American culture that each year since 1947 , the National Turkey Federation has presented a live turkey to the President of the United States prior to each Thanksgiving . These turkeys were initially slaughtered and eaten for the President 's Thanksgiving dinner ; since 1989 , the presented turkeys have typically been given a mock pardon to great fanfare and sent to a park to live out the rest of their usually short natural lives . </P> <H2> Alternatives to turkey ( edit ) </H2> <P> Non-traditional foods other than turkey are sometimes served as the main dish for a Thanksgiving dinner . Ham is often served alongside turkey in many non-traditional households . Goose and duck , foods which were traditional European centerpieces of Christmas dinners before being displaced , are now sometimes served in place of the Thanksgiving turkey . Sometimes , fowl native to the region where the meal is taking place is used ; for example , an article in Texas Monthly magazine suggested quail as the main dish for a Texan Thanksgiving feast . John Madden , who appeared on television for the NFL Thanksgiving Day game from 1981 to 2001 , frequently advocated his fondness for the turducken , deboned turkey , duck and chicken nested inside each other then cooked . In a few areas of the West Coast of the United States , Dungeness crab is common as an alternate main dish , as crab season starts in early November . Similarly , Thanksgiving falls within deer hunting season in the Northeastern United States , which encourages the use of venison as a centerpiece . Vegetarians or vegans may have a tofu , wheat gluten or lentil - based substitute ; or stuffed squash . In Alaskan villages , whale meat is sometimes eaten. Irish immigrants have been known to have prime rib of beef as their centerpiece since beef in Ireland was once a rarity ; families would save up money for this dish to signify newfound prosperity and hope . </P> <P> In the United States , a globalist approach to Thanksgiving has become common with the impact of immigration . Basic `` Thanksgiving '' ingredients , or the intent of the holiday , can be transformed to a variety of dishes by using flavors , techniques , and traditions from their own cuisines . Others celebrate the holiday with a variety of dishes particularly when there is a crowd to be fed , guest 's tastes vary and considering the financial means available . </P> <H2> Side dishes ( edit ) </H2> A Thanksgiving meal in New England Green bean casserole <P> Many offerings are typically served alongside the main dish -- so many that , because of the amount of food , the Thanksgiving meal is sometimes served midday or early afternoon to make time for all the eating , and preparation may begin at dawn or on days prior . Copious leftovers are also common following the meal properly . </P> <P> Traditional Thanksgiving foods are sometimes specific to the day of riced potatoes , and although some of the foods might be seen at any semi-formal meal in the United States , the meal often has something of a ritual or traditional quality . Many Americans would say it is `` incomplete '' without cranberry sauce , stuffing or dressing , mashed potatoes and gravy , and brussels sprouts . Other commonly served dishes include winter squash and sweet potatoes , the latter often prepared with sweeteners such as brown sugar , molasses , or marshmallows . Fresh , canned , or frozen corn is popular and green beans are frequently served ; in particular , green bean casserole , a product invented in 1955 by the Campbell Soup Company to promote use of its cream of mushroom soup , has become a Thanksgiving standard . A fresh salad may be included , especially on the West Coast . Bread rolls or biscuits and cornbread , especially in the South and parts of New England , are served . For dessert , various pies are usually served , particularly pumpkin pie , though apple pie , mincemeat pie , sweet potato pie , and pecan pie are often served as well . </P> <P> There are also regional differences as to the stuffing or dressing traditionally served with the turkey . The traditional version has bread cubes , sage , onion and celery . Southerners generally make their dressing from cornbread , while those in other parts of the country make stuffing from white , wheat or rye bread as the base . One or several of the following may be added to the dressing / stuffing : oysters , apples , chestnuts , raisins , and sausages or the turkey 's giblets . </P> <P> Other dishes reflect the region or cultural background of those who have come together for the meal . For example , Sauerkraut ( among those in the Mid-Atlantic ; especially Baltimore ) is sometimes served . Many African Americans and Southerners serve baked macaroni and cheese and collard greens , along with chitterlings and sweet potato pie , while some Italian - Americans often have lasagne on the table and Ashkenazi Jews may serve noodle kugel , a sweet dessert pudding . Other Jewish families may consume foods commonly associated with Hanukkah , such as latkes or a sufganiyah ; the two holidays are usually in close proximity and on extremely rare occasions overlap . It is not unheard of for Mexican Americans to serve their turkey with mole and roasted corn . In Puerto Rico , the Thanksgiving meal is completed with arroz con gandules ( rice with pigeon peas ) or arroz con maiz ( rice with corn ) , pasteles ( root tamales ) stuffed with turkey , pumpkin - coconut crème caramel , corn bread with

On Thanksgiving, one food you might eat is

Name a food you might eat on thanksgiving?

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edit ) </H3> Main article : The Flash ( season 4 ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 70 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Flash Reborn '' </Td> <Td> Glen Winter </Td> <Td> Story by : Andrew Kreisberg Teleplay by : Todd Helbing & Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13401 </Td> <Td> 2.84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 71 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Mixed Signals '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13402 </Td> <Td> 2.54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 72 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Luck Be a Lady '' </Td> <Td> Armen V. 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'' </Td> <Td> Brent Crowell </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13406 </Td> <Td> 2.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 76 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Therefore I Am '' </Td> <Td> David McWhirter </Td> <Td> Eric Wallace & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> November 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13407 </Td> <Td> 2.20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 77 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Crisis on Earth - X , Part 3 '' </Td> <Td> Dermott Downs </Td> <Td> Story by : Andrew Kreisberg & Marc Guggenheim Teleplay by : Todd Helbing </Td> <Td> November 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13408 </Td> <Td> 2.82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 78 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Do n't Run '' </Td> <Td> Stefan Pleszczynski </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> December 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13409 </Td> <Td> 2.22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 79 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` The Trial of The Flash '' </Td> <Td> Philip Chipera </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> January 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13410 </Td> <Td> 2.51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 80 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` The Elongated Knight Rises '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> January 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13411 </Td> <Td> 2.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 81 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Honey , I Shrunk Team Flash '' </Td> <Td> Chris Peppe </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> January 30 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13412 </Td> <Td> 2.60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 82 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` True Colors '' </Td> <Td> Tara Nicole Weyr </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> February 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13413 </Td> <Td> 2.28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 83 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Subject 9 '' </Td> <Td> Ralph Hemecker </Td> <Td> Mike Alber & Gabe Snyder </Td> <Td> February 27 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 27 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13414 </Td> <Td> 2.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 84 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Enter Flashtime '' </Td> <Td> Gregory Smith </Td> <Td> Todd Helbing & Sterling Gates </Td> <Td> March 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13415 </Td> <Td> 2.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 85 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Run , Iris , Run '' </Td> <Td> Harry Jierjian </Td> <Td> Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> March 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13416 </Td> <Td> 2.09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 86 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` Null and Annoyed '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Smith </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> April 10 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13417 </Td> <Td> 1.82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 87 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` Lose Yourself '' </Td> <Td> Hanelle Culpepper </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> April 17 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13418 </Td> <Td> 1.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 88 </Th> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Fury Rogue '' </Td> <Td> Rachel Talalay </Td> <Td> Joshua V. Gilbert & Jeff Hersh </Td> <Td> April 24 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> 1.90 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 89 </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` Therefore She Is '' </Td> <Td> Rob J. Greenlea </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> May 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 90 </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> `` Harry and the Harrisons '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Mock </Td> <Td> Judalina Neira & Lauren Certo </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 91 </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> `` Think Fast '' </Td> <Td> Viet Nguyen </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> May 15 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 92 </Th> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> `` We Are the Flash '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> May 22 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 22 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Ratings ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 2014 -- 15 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Air date </Th> <Th> Rating / share ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> DVR ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> DVR viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> Total ( 18 -- 49 ) </Th> <Th> Total viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Pilot '' </Td> <Td> October 7 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.9 / 6 </Td> <Td> 4.83 </Td> <Td> 0.7 </Td> <Td> 2.00 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> <Td> 6.83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Fastest Man Alive '' </Td> <Td> October 14 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.7 / 5 </Td> <Td> 4.27 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Things You Ca n't Outrun '' </Td> <Td> October 21 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.59 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Going Rogue '' </Td> <Td> October 28 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.53 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Plastique '' </Td> <Td> November 11 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.46 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` The Flash Is Born '' </Td> <Td> November 18 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.73 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Power Outage '' </Td> <Td> November 25 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.47 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 2.41 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 5.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Flash vs. Arrow '' </Td> <Td> December 2 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.6 / 5 </Td> <Td> 4.34 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.31 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> <Td> 6.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` The Man in the Yellow Suit '' </Td> <Td> December 9 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 5 </Td> <Td> 4.66 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 2.06 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> 6.72 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Revenge of the Rogues '' </Td> <Td> January 20 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.87 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.41 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> 6.27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` The Sound and the Fury '' </Td> <Td> January 27 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.08 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.20 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 6.28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Crazy for You '' </Td> <Td> February 3 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.60 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` The Nuclear Man '' </Td> <Td> February 10 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.66 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Fallout '' </Td> <Td> February 17 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 4 </Td> <Td> 4.01 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Out of Time '' </Td> <Td> March 17 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.69 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.34 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 6.09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Rogue Time '' </Td> <Td> March 24 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.2 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.33 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.37 </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> 5.69 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` Tricksters '' </Td> <Td> March 31 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.67 </Td> <Td> 1.0 </Td> <Td> 2.43 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 6.10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` All Star Team Up '' </Td> <Td> April 14 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.4 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.67 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 2.05 </Td> <Td> 2.3 </Td> <Td> 5.72 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Who Is Harrison Wells ? '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.3 / 4 </Td> <Td> 3.75 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.2 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` The Trap '' </Td> <Td> April 28 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.93 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> `` Grodd Lives '' </Td> <Td> May 5 , 2015 </Td> <Td> 1.5 / 5 </Td> <Td> 3.62 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 2.27 </Td> <Td> 2.4 </Td>

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Southend pier - wikipedia <H1> Southend pier </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Coordinates : 51 ° 31 ′ 33 '' N 0 ° 43 ′ 03 '' E  /  51.525731 ° N 0.717461 ° E  / 51.525731 ; 0.717461 </P> <Table> Southend Pier <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Southend pier in 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Pleasure , RNLI lifeboat station </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Carries </Th> <Td> Pedestrians , shuttle train , lifeboat crews / supplies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spans </Th> <Td> Thames Estuary </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Locale </Th> <Td> Essex , UK </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Maintained by </Th> <Td> Southend Council </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Design </Th> <Td> James Brunlees </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Construction </Th> <Td> Hardwood decking on iron piles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Southend Council </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total length </Th> <Td> 2,158 metres ( 7,080 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening date </Th> <Td> 1830 ( Iron pier , 1889 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> TQ884849 ( shoreside ) TQ897830 ( pier head ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Southend </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Southend Pier is a major landmark in Southend - on - Sea . Extending 1.34 miles ( 2.16 km ) into the Thames Estuary , it is the longest pleasure pier in the world . Sir John Betjeman once said that `` the Pier is Southend , Southend is the Pier '' . The pier is a Grade II listed building . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Creation </Li> <Li> 1.2 Wooden pier </Li> <Li> 1.3 Iron pier </Li> <Li> 1.4 HMS Leigh </Li> <Li> 1.5 Post-war history </Li> <Li> 1.6 21st century <Ul> <Li> 1.6. 1 2005 fire </Li> <Li> 1.6. 2 Cultural centre in the Pier Pavilion </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Railway </Li> <Li> 3 Lifeboat station </Li> <Li> 4 In fiction </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Creation ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the early 19th century , Southend was growing as a seaside holiday resort . At the time , it was thought that spending time by the sea was good for one 's health , and since it was close to the capital , many Londoners would come to Southend for this reason . However the coast at Southend consists of large mudflats , so the sea is never very deep even at full tide -- between 13 and 20 feet ( 4 and 6 m ) -- and recedes over one mile ( 1.6 km ) from the beach at low tide . Large boats were unable to stop at Southend near to the beach and no boats at all were able to stop at low tide . This meant that many potential visitors would go past Southend and on to Margate , or other resorts where docking facilities were better . </P> <P> To counter this trend local dignitaries pushed for a pier to be built . This would allow boats to reach Southend at all tides . The campaign was led by former Lord Mayor of the City of London Sir William Heygate , 1st Baronet , a resident of Southend . </P> <H3> Wooden pier ( edit ) </H3> <P> On 14 May 1829 the first Pier Act received the Royal Assent . On 25 July the Lord Mayor of London Sir William Thompson laid the foundation stone of the first section of the pier . By June 1830 a 600 - foot ( 180 m ) wooden pier was opened , based on oak piles . However this was still too short to be usable at low tide , so by 1833 it had been extended to three times its length and by 1848 was the longest pier in Europe at 7,000 feet ( 2,100 m ) . It was sold by the original owners for £ 17,000 in 1846 after getting into financial difficulties . </P> <P> By the 1850 's the London , Tilbury and Southend Railway had reached Southend , and with it a great influx of visitors from east London . The many visitors took their toll on the wooden pier and in 1873 it was sold to the Southend Local Board ( the local government in place at the time ) . </P> <P> In 1887 the board decided to replace the pier with a new iron pier . Part of the wooden structure of the old pier was used in the construction of a new mayoral chair in 1892 . </P> <H3> Iron pier ( edit ) </H3> Pier Pavilion in 1923 . Destroyed by fire in 1959 , it was replaced in 1962 by a bowling alley . This was destroyed by a fire in 1995 . The area is now open decking . <P> The pier was designed by James Brunlees , who had built the first iron pier at Southport , Lancashire , in 1860 . Work began in early 1887 and the new pier was opened to the public that summer , though it was n't completed until 1889 at a cost of almost £ 70,000 . It was an immediate success , so much so that demand outstripped the capabilities of the pier and a further extension was proposed . This extension was completed in November 1897 and formally opened the following January . </P> <P> An upper deck was added to the pierhead in 1907 , and the pier was further extended in 1927 . The construction work was undertaken by Peter Lind & Company that still trades today . The work was carried out to accommodate larger steamboats . It was formally opened on 8 July 1929 by Prince George , Duke of Kent . This new part of the pier was on the east side and was named the Prince George Extension ; it was 326 feet ( 99 m ) long and cost £ 58,000 . The work of doubling the electric railway , completed in 1931 , cost £ 35,000 . </P> <P> On 27 June 1931 the Pier was the scene of a tragic accident . Ernest Turner fell from and was run over by one of the electric trams on the railway and was killed instantly . Turner , who was 38 , was one of a party of over 500 workers and family members on the annual works outing from Ansell 's brewery in Birmingham , where he worked as a brewer 's drayman . The party had arrived at the pier having travelled down the River Thames from Tower Pier in London where it had arrived earlier that day . At the inquest , which was held two days later , the jury returned a verdict of accidental death . </P> <P> The Pier 's centenary was celebrated on 23 July 1935 when Lord Richie of Dundee , chairman of the Port of London Authority unveiled a bronze plaque on the pier head . ( Rather than 1930 , as this date reflects the date when the Admiralty began to include Southend Pier on their navigation charts . ) </P> <H3> HMS Leigh ( edit ) </H3> <P> During the Second World War Southend Pier was taken over by the Royal Navy and was renamed HMS Leigh with surrounding areas being renamed HMS Westcliff . It was closed to the public on 9 September 1939 . </P> <P> Its purpose in the war was twofold . Firstly it served as a mustering point for convoys . Over the course of the war 3,367 convoys , comprising 84,297 vessels departed from HMS Westcliff . Secondly , it was Naval Control for the Thames Estuary . Notable in its career was the accidental sinking of the Liberty ship SS Richard Montgomery which , still containing several thousand tons of explosives , is visible from the North Kent coast and Southend beach at low tide , and continues to pose a threat to navigation and the surrounding area to this day . </P> <H3> Post-war history ( edit ) </H3> Southend seafront from Southend Pier , 2005 <P> In 1945 the pier reopened for visitors . Visitor numbers exceeded pre-war levels , peaking at 5.75 million in 1949 -- 50 . In the 1950s more attractions on the pier opened including the Dolphin Café , Sun Deck Theatre , the Solarium Café and a Hall of Mirrors . </P> <P> However , the success was not to last . In 1959 a fire destroyed the pavilion located at the shore end of the pier . Over 500 people were trapped on the other side of the fire and had to be rescued by boat . </P> <P> The pavilion was replaced by a ten - pin bowling alley in 1962 , however , by then British holidaymakers were turning to package holidays abroad . The use of the pier slowly began to decline and with it the structure began to deteriorate . In 1971 , after a child was injured on the pier , a survey was undertaken and over the course of the next decade repairs had to be made including much of the replacement of the pier walkway . </P> Burnt section in 1983 <P> In 1976 a fire destroyed much of the pier head . The massive blaze was battled by fire fighters working on the pier and from boats , and even using a crop - spraying light aircraft . The following year the bowling alley was damaged in another fire , and a year after that , the railway was deemed unsafe and had to be closed . </P> <P> In 1980 the council announced that the pier was to close . Protests led the council to allow the pier to remain open until a solution could be found . This happened in 1983 when the Historic Buildings Committee gave a grant to allow repairs to be made . The work commenced in 1984 and was completed eighteen months later , when Princess Anne named the two new pier trains ( commissioned to replace trains scrapped in 1982 ) after Sir John Betjeman and Sir William Heygate . The total cost of the repair including new buildings and pier trains was £ 1.3 million . </P> temporary bridge , railway station and collapsed section in 1987 <P> However , on 20 June in that year , the MV Kingsabbey crashed into the pier , severing the new pier head from the rest of the pier , destroying the boathouse used by the lifeboat service and causing major structural damage due to the destruction of iron piles and supporting girders . This left a 70 - foot ( 21 m ) gap in the pier . While this was temporarily bridged to restore access , full repairs were not completed until 1989 . </P> <P> On 7 June 1995 the bowling alley burnt down . Fortunately the pier museum and railway station were not severely damaged and access to the pier was reinstated three weeks later , with all of the debris cleared in time for the summer of 1996 . </P> <P> During the summer of 1999 , the famous former pirate radio station Radio Caroline moored their radio ship Ross Revenge at the end of the pier for about a month and conducted a 28 - day legal broadcast under a Restricted Service Licence to the Southend - on - Sea and southeast Essex area . Whilst the ship was there , though , workmen working on the electrics at the pierhead end accidentally cut through electric cables , leaving the entire pierhead end without power . The Radio Caroline staff came to the rescue by hooking the electricity cabling up to the spare generator aboard their ship , enabling the cafe , shops and amusement arcade to run normally for a few days until the supply from the shore could be restored . </P> <H3> 21st century ( edit ) </H3> The new shoreward end of Southend Pier <P>

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Robert Griffin III - wikipedia <H1> Robert Griffin III </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` RG3 '' redirects here . For other uses , see RG3 ( disambiguation ) . <Table> Robert Griffin III <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Griffin in 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Free agent </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Position : </Th> <Td> Quarterback </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Born : </Th> <Td> ( 1990 - 02 - 12 ) February 12 , 1990 ( age 27 ) Okinawa , Japan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Height : </Th> <Td> 6 ft 2 in ( 1.88 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weight : </Th> <Td> 218 lb ( 99 kg ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> High school : </Th> <Td> Copperas Cove ( TX ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> College : </Th> <Td> Baylor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NFL Draft : </Th> <Td> 2012 / Round : 1 / Pick : 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career history </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Washington Redskins ( 2012 -- 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Cleveland Browns ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career highlights and awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Pro Bowl ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> PFWA All - Rookie Team ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Heisman Trophy ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Davey O'Brien Award ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Manning Award ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> AP Player of the Year ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Sporting News Player of the Year ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Consensus All - American ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> First - team All - Big 12 ( 2011 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career NFL statistics as of Week 17 , 2016 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> TD -- Int : </Th> <Td> 42 -- 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Passing yards : </Th> <Td> 8,983 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Passer rating : </Th> <Td> 88.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rushing yards : </Th> <Td> 1,670 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rushing touchdowns : </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Player stats at NFL.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Robert Lee Griffin III ( born February 12 , 1990 ) , nicknamed RG3 or RGIII , is an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Baylor , where he won the 2011 Heisman Trophy . He was drafted by the Washington Redskins second overall in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft . </P> <P> Griffin had a successful rookie season with the Redskins , setting records for the highest passer rating and highest touchdown to interception ratio by a rookie quarterback , and leading the Redskins to the top of their division and their first playoff appearance in five seasons . He won the 2012 NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year award and although unable to participate due to a knee injury he suffered late in the season , was named to enter the 2013 Pro Bowl . However , Griffin was less successful during his subsequent tenure with the Redskins , and his performance was plagued by injuries and poor performance . After suffering a concussion during the 2015 preseason , Griffin was replaced by Kirk Cousins who played the rest of the season . He was released by the team following the end of the season , and signed with the Cleveland Browns shortly after . His tenure with the Browns was also plagued with injuries , and he was subsequently released after one season with the team . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early years and background <Ul> <Li> 1.1 High school career </Li> <Li> 1.2 Track </Li> <Li> 1.3 College recruitment </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 College career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 2008 season </Li> <Li> 2.2 2009 season </Li> <Li> 2.3 2010 season </Li> <Li> 2.4 2011 season </Li> <Li> 2.5 Statistics </Li> <Li> 2.6 College awards and honors </Li> <Li> 2.7 School records </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Professional career <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Washington Redskins <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 2012 season </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 2013 season </Li> <Li> 3.1. 3 2014 season </Li> <Li> 3.1. 4 2015 season </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Cleveland Browns </Li> <Li> 3.3 Career statistics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Personal life </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early years and background </H2> <P> Griffin was born in Okinawa , Japan , where his parents , Robert Jr. and Jacqueline , both U.S. Army sergeants , were stationed . The family later lived at Fort Lewis near Tacoma , Washington , and then moved to New Orleans , Louisiana . They finally settled in Copperas Cove , Texas in 1997 after retiring from the military . </P> <P> Griffin 's paternal grandfather , Robert Griffin Sr. , was a foreman for a New Orleans construction company . He suffered from glaucoma for several years , and died in 1984 at age 43 from a brain aneurysm . Financial hardship caused the family to move to the Desire Projects neighborhood . Griffin 's father was a basketball player at Kennedy High School and enlisted in the Army before he graduated . He met his wife Jacqueline ( née Ross ) while stationed in Fort Carson , Colorado . </P> <H3> High school career </H3> <P> Griffin attended Copperas Cove High School , where he was a three - sport star in basketball , football , and track for the Bulldawgs . He started at quarterback for two seasons . During his junior season , he passed for 2,001 yards and 25 touchdowns with 2 interceptions , while compiling 876 rushing yards for 8 touchdowns . He received first - team All - District 16 - 4A honors after the season . As a senior , he recorded 1,285 rushing yards , posting 24 touchdowns , and passed for 1,356 yards for 16 touchdowns with 7 interceptions . In his senior season Copperas Cove finished with a record of 13 -- 2 , but lost in the championship game of the 2007 Class 4A Division I state playoffs . Over the two seasons , he rushed for a total of 2,161 yards and 32 touchdowns while passing for 3,357 yards and 41 touchdowns with 9 interceptions . </P> <H3> Track </H3> <P> In track , Griffin broke state records for the 110 - meter and 300 - meter hurdles . He ran the 110 - meter hurdles in 13.55 seconds and the 300 - meter hurdles in 35.33 seconds . The 300 hurdles time was 1 / 100th of a second short of tying the national high school record at the time . He was also a gold medalist in the 110 - and 400 - meter hurdles on the AAU track and field circuit . In 2007 , as a junior , he was rated the No. 1 high school 400 - meter intermediate hurdler in the country , and was tied at No. 1 for the 110 - meter sprint hurdler in the nation . His personal best in the 110 - meter hurdles , 13.46 sec , ranked fifth in the world among junior athletes in 2007 ( behind Noga , Brathwaite , Dutch , and Zhukov ) , while his best 2007 time in the 400 - meter hurdles , 49.56 sec -- his personal best until 2008 -- led all juniors worldwide for that year . Also as a junior , Griffin received the Gatorade Texas Boys Track and Field Athlete of the Year award , and was named to USA Today ′ s 2007 All - USA Track and Field team . His personal best in the 400 - meter hurdles was achieved on May 18 , 2008 , with a time of 49.22 seconds . </P> <Table> Personal bests <Tr> <Th> Event </Th> <Th> Time ( seconds ) </Th> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 110 - meter hurdles </Td> <Td> 13.46 </Td> <Td> Knoxville , Tennessee </Td> <Td> August 2 , 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 300 - meter hurdles </Td> <Td> 35.33 </Td> <Td> Copperas Cove , Texas </Td> <Td> April 18 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 400 - meter hurdles </Td> <Td> 49.22 </Td> <Td> Boulder , Colorado </Td> <Td> May 18 , 2008 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> College recruitment </H3> <P> Rivals.com , a college football recruiting service , ranked Griffin the fourth - best dual - threat quarterback in the nation and the 42nd - best player in Texas in the high school prospect class of 2008 . During the college recruiting period , Griffin was pursued by Stanford , Tennessee , Kansas , Nebraska , Houston , Tulsa , Illinois , Washington State , and Oregon . Griffin initially committed to play for Houston under head coach Art Briles . When Briles left Houston to take the head coaching position at Baylor , Griffin switched his commitment and eventually signed a letter of intent to play for Baylor , in part because the university also had a top track and field program . </P> <Table> US college sports recruiting information for high school athletes <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Hometown </Th> <Th> High school / college </Th> <Th> Height </Th> <Th> Weight </Th> <Th> 40 </Th> <Th> Commit date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Griffin QB </Td> <Td> Copperas Cove , Texas </Td> <Td> Copperas Cove HS </Td> <Td> 6 ft 3 in ( 1.91 m ) </Td> <Td> 195 lb ( 88 kg ) </Td> <Td> 4.4 </Td> <Td> Dec 3 , 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Recruiting star ratings : Scout : Rivals : 247Sports : N / A ESPN grade : 77 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Overall recruiting rankings : Scout : 12 ( QB ) Rivals : 4 ( Dual - threat QB ) ESPN : 40 ( QB ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Note : In many cases , Scout , Rivals , 247Sports , and ESPN may conflict in their listings of height and weight . </Li> <Li> In these cases , the average was taken . ESPN grades are on a 100 - point scale . </Li> </Ul> <P> Sources : </P> <Ul> <Li> `` Baylor Football Commitments '' . Rivals.com . Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 14 . </Li> <Li> `` 2008 Baylor Football Commits '' . Scout.com . Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 14 . </Li> <Li> `` ESPN '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 14 . </Li> <Li> `` Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings '' . Scout.com . Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 14 . </Li> <Li> `` 2008 Team Ranking '' . Rivals.com . Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 14 . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> College career </H2> <P> Griffin graduated from high school a semester early , after serving as class president and ranking seventh in his class . He began attending Baylor University during the spring 2008 semester when he was 17 years old . As a member of Baylor 's track and field team , Griffin finished in first place in the 400 - meter hurdles at both the Big 12 Conference Championship and the NCAA Midwest Regional Championship meets ; he also broke the NCAA Midwest Regional 400 - meter hurdles record . He placed third in the NCAA meet and also participated in the U.S. Olympic Trials , in which he advanced to the semifinals . Griffin graduated in three years with a bachelor 's degree in political science and a 3.67 GPA , while appearing on the dean 's list twice . During his final year of college sports eligibility , he was studying for a master 's degree in communications . </P> <H3> 2008 season </H3> See also : 2008 Baylor Bears football team <P> As a true freshman playing for the Bears , Griffin earned Big

Robert Griffin III is

What nfl team is robert griffin the third playing for?

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relationship because he was in love with Ruth Archer . In 2013 , Kirsty and Tom got back together and became engaged . He jilted her at the altar . Kirsty was good friends with Tom 's sister , Helen , but they fell out when Kirsty discovered that Helen had known before the wedding day Tom had doubts . She ultimately returned to Ambridge several months later , got a job at Grey Gables and moved in with Roy Tucker , while also making amends with Helen and the rest of the family . After doing so , she immediately picked up that something was off about Helen , and was the only person to spot the signs that he was abusing her emotionally . Eventually , after convincing Helen to meet with Jess , Rob 's ex-wife , she was horrified when Helen decided to confront Rob about his behaviour , a confrontation that led to Helen stabbing him . After having a one - night stand with Tom shortly after the trial , Kirsty became pregnant with his son , and despite her initial reservations , decided to keep the baby . However , a couple of weeks later , her pregnancy ended tragically when she miscarried . After initially repressing her grief , Kirsty eventually agreed to take compassionate leave and grieved properly . Unfortunately , his handling of both the pregnancy and the miscarriage ultimately proved to be the final nail in the coffin of her friendship with Tom . </P> <H3> Fallon Rogers ( edit ) </H3> <P> Fallon Rogers ( born 19 June 1985 ) ( Joanna van Kampen ) , Jolene 's daughter from her first marriage ( to Wayne Tucson ) . Fallon is the lead singer of local rock band , Little White Lies when not running the Upstairs@the Bull music venue and working as a barmaid . Fallon seems to be perennially unlucky in love , either falling for men who are n't interested or having the wrong men fall for her . Fallon 's long term relationship with PC Harrison Burns has provided stability and she is now becoming more of a fixture in village life . Fallon 's drive to modernise village life has caused friction with older characters such as Linda Snell who resigned from the 2016 fête committee after an argument with Fallon and with Shula Hebden Lloyd who felt pushed out of catering the village cricket teas when Fallon took over following Harrison 's appointment as captain . </P> <P> Fallon runs the Bridge farm café with Emma Grundy and had disagreements with Rob Tichener over the use of vintage furniture and crockery . </P> <H3> Kathy Perks ( edit ) </H3> <P> Kathy Perks ( born 30 January 1953 ) ( Hedli Niklaus ) , formerly married to Sid , now lives at April Cottage with her son Jamie . She was the catering manager at the local golf club and organises occasional film nights at the village hall . Kenton Archer started dating her , intermittently living with her , but they quarrelled when he brought his three - year - old daughter , Meriel , to Ambridge and expected Kathy to look after her . Miserable and alone , Kathy befriended Lower Loxley chef , Owen King ( a.k.a. Gareth Taylor , Alex Wallace and latterly Marcus Dixon ) , but he raped her just before Christmas 2004 . It took Kathy some time to trust a man again , and Kenton showed uncharacteristic patience in enabling her to rebuild her self - confidence . She finally reported her trauma to the Police in September 2007 , after being informed that King had attacked another woman . He was convicted in April 2008 . She has reacted to the sudden death in New Zealand of Sid , her ex-husband , as if she were the grieving widow , rather than his wife of eight years Jolene , being of little help to their teenage son and undermining her relationship with Kenton , who can do nothing right . After finding that Kenton had had a one - night stand with a customer of his bar , she threw him out . </P> <H3> Lynda Snell ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lynda Snell ( born 29 May 1947 ) ( Carole Boyd ) lives at Ambridge Hall with her husband Robert Snell . They moved to Ambridge from Sunningdale in 1986 and she is resented as an outsider , a do - gooder and incomer . She is a keen gardener , and is often involved in disputes with her neighbour Joe Grundy . In 2003 she acquired two llamas , Wolfgang and Constanza ( named after Mozart and his wife ) which have been known to roam around the village . In May 2007 Constanza gave birth to a cria which Lynda named Salieri , reassuring one acquaintance that the legend of Salieri murdering Mozart is a myth . She attempts to produce a play every Christmas ( an Archers in - joke ) , and often drives villagers to distraction in her attempts to fill parts . In 2004 - 05 Lynda ran a campaign to renovate the former Cat & Fiddle pub . Despite recruiting the help of Griff Rhys Jones , the scheme failed and the building became ( or may have become ) flats . In January 2006 Lynda was elected to the parish council alongside Lilian Bellamy . According to a BBC survey , she is the most annoying character on the show , although this will be regarded as praise by the production team , as she is intended to be . </P> <H3> Robert Snell ( edit ) </H3> <P> Robert Snell ( born 5 April 1943 ) ( Dr Graham Blockey ) was employed as a computer expert . He has found work in this area hard to obtain recently and has capitalised on his DIY skills to set up a small business doing general building work . </P> <H3> Caroline Sterling ( edit ) </H3> <P> Caroline Sterling , née Bone , formerly Pemberton ( born 3 April 1955 ; died 2017 ) ( Sara Coward ) moved to the village in 1977 , aged 22 , when she was hired by Sid as barmaid in the Bull . Her career took off when in 1979 Jack Woolley offered her a job at Grey Gables and she eventually became manager . Upon Jack 's retirement , she and partner Oliver Sterling managed to raise funds to buy the hotel and she became the proprietor . On her arrival she soon attracted the attention of many of the male villagers -- she once had an affair with Brian Aldridge , and was romantically linked with former village doctor , Matthew Thorogood , and businessman and one - time estate owner Cameron Fraser ( who disappeared with £ 60,000 of her savings ) , and she was engaged to non-stipendiary minister and vet Robin Stokes . In 1995 she married the new owner of the estate , Guy Pemberton ( Hugh Dickson ) . After only seven months of marriage he suffered a fatal heart attack and left her the Dower House and a majority share in the Bull ( which she sold to Lilian Bellamy , in order to raise funds to buy Grey Gables ) . When Oliver Sterling moved to the village she began an affair with him and they eventually moved into Grange Farm together . They were married in June 2006 . Sara Coward died on 13 February 2017 . In the episode on 11 July 2017 , it was revealed that Caroline had died suddenly but peacefully at the Sterlings ' second home in Italy . </P> <H3> Oliver Sterling ( edit ) </H3> <P> Oliver Sterling ( Michael Cochrane ) was married , between 2006 and her death in 2017 , to Caroline . He arrived in Ambridge as a gentleman farmer and huntsman who bought Grange Farm from the estate . Initially he employed Ed Grundy to manage his dairy herd . In March 2008 he had problems with the herd being infected by Bovine TB . He subsequently sold the enterprise to Ed and `` retired properly '' . He has created new cheeses with Helen Archer . </P> <H3> Rob Titchener ( edit ) </H3> <P> Rob Titchener ( Timothy Watson ) moved to Ambridge in January 2013 to manage Borchester Land 's intensive dairy enterprise . That same July , Helen Archer began an affair with Rob despite knowing he was married . Only 3 months later and despite passionate pleas from Helen , he ends it to `` make a go of things '' with Jess Titchener , his current wife . Jess moved in on Halloween but left Ambridge in December after a disastrous cocktail party and went back to Hampshire , leaving Rob . Helen resumed her affair with Rob on New Year 's Day 2014 . They have since been secretly engaged and Rob has become increasingly controlling over Helen , much to her mother Pat 's dismay . Jess had a baby which she claimed is Rob 's until he consented to a DNA test which proved otherwise , and they were soon divorced . Rob and Helen married secretly on the Isle of Wight in August 2015 . It was then that Rob revealed himself to be manipulative , emotionally abusive . After raping her on their wedding night , he spent the next several months isolating Helen from her family and friends , employing gaslighting methods to convince her that she was the one who was being problematic , and even made plans to send Henry to boarding school without Helen 's knowledge or consent , with the assistance of his mother , Ursula ( herself a victim of coercive control with Rob 's father , Bruce ) . In April 2016 , after the secret intervention of her friend , Kirsty Miller , Helen met secretly with Jess , who revealed the true nature of her marriage with Rob , before stabbing Rob in a moment of clarity as he refused to let her and Henry leave the house . Rob barely survived the encounter . Subsequently , Rob and his mother , Ursula , tricked Pat and Tony into handing Henry over to them , forcing them into a lengthy legal battle over his custody . After a long and intense trial , during which the truth of Rob 's abusive nature was exposed publicly , as well as the revelation that he had raped Helen , she was acquitted on both counts of attempted murder and Grievous Bodily Harm . Subsequently , Rob found himself becoming a pariah in the village ; with Usha evicting him from the house he rented from her , Oliver banning him from the local hunt , local shops refusing his custom , and villagers openly expressing their distaste for him . It was also revealed shortly afterwards that the previous year , while still manager of the mega dairy , Rob had blocked a nearby culvert to prevent a build - up of rainwater from flooding the dairy , and was therefore responsible for the massive flood that had engulfed Ambridge and nearly causing the death of his superior . After this information was brought to the attention of Rob 's new boss , Justin Elliott , he was sacked . After an attempt to kidnap his son from Helen failed , Rob disappeared , and was last reported boarding a flight to Minneapolis , Minnesota , where he had previously worked . </P> <H3> Carol Tregorran ( edit ) </H3> <P> Carol Tregorran née Grey ( Eleanor Bron , formerly played by Anne Cullen ( born 1926 ) ) first appeared in 1954 . She was a successful businesswoman and married John Tregorran . She departed in 1980 , but returned to Ambridge in 2014 , following her husband 's death . During 2016 her daughter , the Birmingham barrister Anna Tregorran , represented Helen Archer in Helen 's trial for attempted murder .

The owner of the Dower House in The Archers is

Who owns the dower house in the archers?

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All the world 's a stage - wikipedia <H1> All the world 's a stage </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Shakespeare monologue . For the live album by Rush , see All the World 's a Stage ( album ) . For the television episode , see All the World 's a Stage ( Ugly Betty ) . The line `` all the world 's a stage ( ... ) '' from Shakespeare 's First Folio Richard Kindersley 's sculpture The Seven Ages Of Man in London <P> `` All the world 's a stage '' is the phrase that begins a monologue from William Shakespeare 's As You Like It , spoken by the melancholy Jaques in Act II Scene VII . The speech compares the world to a stage and life to a play , and catalogues the seven stages of a man 's life , sometimes referred to as the seven ages of man : infant , schoolboy , lover , soldier , justice , Pantalone and old age , facing imminent death . It is one of Shakespeare 's most frequently quoted passages . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Text </Li> <Li> 2 Origins <Ul> <Li> 2.1 World as a stage </Li> <Li> 2.2 Ages of man </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Text ( edit ) </H2> <P> All the world 's a stage , And all the men and women merely players ; They have their exits and their entrances , And one man in his time plays many parts , His acts being seven ages . At first , the infant , Mewling and puking in the nurse 's arms . Then the whining schoolboy , with his satchel And shining morning face , creeping like snail Unwillingly to school . And then the lover , Sighing like furnace , with a woeful ballad Made to his mistress ' eyebrow . Then a soldier , Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard , Jealous in honour , sudden and quick in quarrel , Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon 's mouth . And then the justice , In fair round belly with good capon lined , With eyes severe and beard of formal cut , Full of wise saws and modern instances ; And so he plays his part . The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon , With spectacles on nose and pouch on side ; His youthful hose , well saved , a world too wide For his shrunk shank , and his big manly voice , Turning again toward childish treble , pipes And whistles in his sound . Last scene of all , That ends this strange eventful history , Is second childishness and mere oblivion , Sans teeth , sans eyes , sans taste , sans everything . </P> <H2> Origins ( edit ) </H2> The Seven Ages of Man by William Mulready , 1838 , illustrating the speech <H3> World as a stage ( edit ) </H3> <P> The comparison of the world to a stage and people to actors long predated Shakespeare . Richard Edwardes 's play Damon and Pythias , written in the year Shakespeare was born , contains the lines , `` Pythagoras said that this world was like a stage / Whereon many play their parts ; the lookers - on , the sage '' . When it was founded in 1599 Shakespeare 's own theatre , The Globe , may have used the motto Totus mundus agit histrionem ( All the world plays the actor ) , the Latin text of which is derived from a 12th - century treatise . Ultimately the words derive from quod fere totus mundus exercet histrionem ( because almost the whole world are actors ) attributed to Petronius , a phrase which had wide circulation in England at the time . </P> <P> In his own earlier work , The Merchant of Venice , Shakespeare also had one of his main characters , Antonio , comparing the world to a stage : </P> <P> I hold the world but as the world , Gratiano ; A stage where every man must play a part , And mine a sad one . </P> -- Act I , Scene I <P> In his work The Praise of Folly , first printed in 1511 , Renaissance humanist Erasmus asks , `` For what else is the life of man but a kind of play in which men in various costumes perform until the director motions them off the stage . '' </P> <H3> Ages of man ( edit ) </H3> <P> Likewise the division of human life into a series of ages was a commonplace of art and literature , which Shakespeare would have expected his audiences to recognize . The number of ages varied : three and four being the most common among ancient writers such as Aristotle . The concept of seven ages derives from mediaeval philosophy , which constructed groups of seven , as in the seven deadly sins , for theological reasons . The seven ages model dates from the 12th century . King Henry V had a tapestry illustrating the seven ages of man . </P> <P> According to T.W. Baldwin , Shakespeare 's version of the concept of the ages of man is based primarily upon Palingenius ' book Zodiacus Vitae , a school text he would have studied at the Stratford Grammar School , which also enumerates stages of human life . He also takes elements from Ovid and other sources known to him . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The Seven Ages of Man ( painting series ) </Li> <Li> Ages of Man </Li> <Li> Riddle of the Sphinx </Li> <Li> Six Ages of the World </Li> <Li> Solomon Grundy </Li> <Li> Mere Oblivion ( short film ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ William Shakespeare ( 1623 ) . Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies , Histories , & Tragedies : Published According to the True Originall Copies . London : Printed by Isaac Iaggard , and Ed ( ward ) Blount . p. 194 . OCLC 606515358 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Shakespeare 's Seven Ages of Man . By William Shakespeare . Van Voorst , 1848 . ( Also , L. Booth and S. Ayling , 1864 Version . ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Joseph Quincy Adams , Chief Pre-Shakespearean Dramas : A Selection of Plays Illustrating the History of the English Drama from Its Origin down to Shakespeare , Houghton Mifflin Company , Boston ; New York , 1924 , p. 579 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Marjorie B. Garber ( 2008 ) . Profiling Shakespeare . Routledge . p. 292 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ John Masters ( 1956 ) . The Essential Erasmus . The New American Library . p. 119 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ J.A. Burrow ( 1986 ) . The Ages of Man : A Study in Medieval Writing and Thought . Oxford : Clarendon Press . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ PROME , 1423 October , item 31 , entries 757 -- 797 , quoted in Ian Mortimer , 1415 -- Henry V 's Year of Glory , p. 45 , footnote 2 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thomas Whitfield Baldwin ( 1944 ) . William Shakspere 's Small Latine and Lesse Greeke. 1 . Urbana , Ill. : University of Illinois Press . pp. 652 -- 673 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The dictionary definition of all the world 's a stage at Wiktionary </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> William Shakespeare 's As You Like It </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rosalind </Li> <Li> Orlando </Li> <Li> Celia </Li> <Li> Jaques </Li> <Li> Touchstone </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screen </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1912 </Li> <Li> 1936 </Li> <Li> 1978 ( TV ) </Li> <Li> 1994 ( TV ) </Li> <Li> 2006 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` All the world 's a stage '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Shylock </Li> <Li> Antonio </Li> <Li> Portia </Li> <Li> Jessica </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sources </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gesta Romanorum ( late 13th century ) </Li> <Li> Il Pecorone ( late 14th century ) by Giovanni Fiorentino </Li> <Li> The Jew of Malta ( 1590 ) by Christopher Marlowe </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> On screen </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1914 </Li> <Li> 1916 </Li> <Li> 1923 </Li> <Li> Shylock ( 1941 ) </Li> <Li> 1961 </Li> <Li> 1969 </Li> <Li> 1980 ( TV ) </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> One Man Band ( unfinished ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adaptations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Le marchand de Venise ( 1935 , opera ) </Li> <Li> Shylock ( 1987 , musical ) </Li> <Li> The Merchant of Venice ( 1982 , opera ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Derivative works </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Serenade to Music ( 1938 ) </Li> <Li> Shylock ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Yasser ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> The Maori Merchant of Venice ( 2002 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` All that glitters is not gold '' </Li> <Li> `` All the world 's a stage '' </Li> <Li> `` Between you and I '' </Li> <Li> Quibble </Li> <Li> Letter and spirit of the law </Li> <Li> `` Ding Dong Bell '' </Li> <Li> `` The quality of mercy '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=All_the_world%27s_a_stage&oldid=836528606 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Human development </Li> <Li> Monologues </Li> <Li> Shakespearean phrases </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles containing Latin - language text </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 15 April 2018 , at 09 : 52 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The concept of the seven ages of man originates

Where does the seven ages of man come from?

-1773607187248198254

That Ai n't No Way to Go - Wikipedia <H1> That Ai n't No Way to Go </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` That Ai n't No Way To Go '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Brooks & Dunn </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Hard Workin ' Man </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` I Ca n't Put Out This Fire '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> March 28 , 1994 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD Single , 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1992 -- 1993 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Arista 12669 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Kix Brooks Don Cook Ronnie Dunn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Don Cook Scott Hendricks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Brooks & Dunn singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Rock My World ( Little Country Girl ) '' ( 1993 ) </Td> <Td> `` That Ai n't No Way To Go '' ( 1994 ) </Td> <Td> `` She 's Not the Cheatin ' Kind '' ( 1994 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Rock My World ( Little Country Girl ) '' ( 1993 ) </Td> <Td> `` That Ai n't No Way To Go '' ( 1994 ) </Td> <Td> `` She 's Not the Cheatin ' Kind '' ( 1994 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` That Ai n't No Way To Go '' is a song co-written and recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn . It was released in March 1994 the fifth and final single from their album Hard Workin ' Man . The song reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks ( now Hot Country Songs ) chart . It was written by Kix Brooks , Ronnie Dunn and Don Cook . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Music video </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Charts </Li> <Li> 2.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video was directed by Piers Plowden and premiered in April 1994 . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song debuted at number 55 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart dated April 9 , 1994 . It charted for 20 weeks on that chart , and reached Number One on the chart dated June 11 , 1994 , holding the top spot for one week , and becoming the duo 's sixth Number One single . </P> <H3> Charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1994 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1994 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> 59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Do n't Take the Girl '' by Tim McGraw </Td> <Td> Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks number - one single June 11 , 1994 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Wink '' by Neal McCoy </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits : 1944 - 2006 , Second edition . Record Research . p. 56 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Country Tracks : Issue 2506 . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . June 20 , 1994 . Retrieved August 4 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Brooks & Dunn Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1994 '' . RPM . December 12 , 1994 . Retrieved August 4 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Best of 1994 : Country Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . 1994 . Retrieved August 4 , 2013 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Brooks & Dunn singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brand New Man </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Brand New Man '' </Li> <Li> `` My Next Broken Heart '' </Li> <Li> `` Neon Moon '' </Li> <Li> `` Boot Scootin ' Boogie '' </Li> <Li> `` Lost and Found '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hard Workin ' Man </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Hard Workin ' Man '' </Li> <Li> `` We 'll Burn That Bridge '' </Li> <Li> `` She Used to Be Mine '' </Li> <Li> `` Rock My World ( Little Country Girl ) '' </Li> <Li> `` That Ai n't No Way to Go '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Waitin ' on Sundown </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` She 's Not the Cheatin ' Kind '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'll Never Forgive My Heart '' </Li> <Li> `` Little Miss Honky Tonk '' </Li> <Li> `` You 're Gonna Miss Me When I 'm Gone '' </Li> <Li> `` Whiskey Under the Bridge '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Borderline </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` My Maria '' </Li> <Li> `` I Am That Man '' </Li> <Li> `` Mama Do n't Get Dressed Up for Nothing '' </Li> <Li> `` A Man This Lonely '' </Li> <Li> `` Why Would I Say Goodbye '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Greatest Hits Collection </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Honky Tonk Truth '' </Li> <Li> `` He 's Got You '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> If You See Her </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` If You See Him / If You See Her '' ( with Reba McEntire ) </Li> <Li> `` How Long Gone '' </Li> <Li> `` Husbands and Wives '' </Li> <Li> `` I Ca n't Get Over You '' </Li> <Li> `` South of Santa Fe '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tight Rope </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Missing You '' </Li> <Li> `` Beer Thirty '' </Li> <Li> `` You 'll Always Be Loved by Me '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Steers & Stripes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Ai n't Nothing ' bout You '' </Li> <Li> `` Only in America '' </Li> <Li> `` The Long Goodbye '' </Li> <Li> `` My Heart Is Lost to You '' </Li> <Li> `` Every River '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Red Dirt Road </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Red Dirt Road '' </Li> <Li> `` You Ca n't Take the Honky Tonk Out of the Girl '' </Li> <Li> `` That 's What She Gets for Loving Me '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Greatest Hits Collection II </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` That 's What It 's All About '' </Li> <Li> `` It 's Getting Better All the Time '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hillbilly Deluxe </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Play Something Country '' </Li> <Li> `` Believe '' </Li> <Li> `` Building Bridges '' ( with Sheryl Crow and Vince Gill ) </Li> <Li> `` Hillbilly Deluxe '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cowboy Town </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Proud of the House We Built '' </Li> <Li> `` God Must Be Busy '' </Li> <Li> `` Put a Girl in It '' </Li> <Li> `` Cowgirls Do n't Cry '' ( with Reba McEntire ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> # 1s ... and Then Some </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Indian Summer '' </Li> <Li> `` Honky Tonk Stomp '' ( with Billy Gibbons ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> See also </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This 1990s country song - related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=That_Ain%27t_No_Way_to_Go&oldid=725891807 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1994 singles </Li> <Li> 1993 songs </Li> <Li> Brooks & Dunn songs </Li> <Li> Billboard Hot Country Songs number - one singles </Li> <Li> Songs written by Ronnie Dunn </Li> <Li> Songs written by Kix Brooks </Li> <Li> Songs written by Don Cook </Li> <Li> Song recordings produced by Scott Hendricks </Li> <Li> Song recordings produced by Don Cook </Li> <Li> Arista Nashville singles </Li> <Li> 1990s country song stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Canadacountry </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without artist </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without song </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardcountrysongs </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 18 June 2016 , at 15 : 04 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "Ain't No Way to Go" is sung by

Who sings that aint no way to go?

-2835721088579212901

List of U.S. States and territories by area - wikipedia <H1> List of U.S. States and territories by area </H1> Jump to : navigation , search States by area . Sizes of Alaska and Hawaii are distorted by the inset . <P> This is a complete list of the states of the United States and its major territories ordered by total area , land area , and water area . The water area numbers include inland waters , coastal waters , the Great Lakes , and territorial waters . Glaciers and intermittent bodies of water are counted as land area . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Area by state / territory </Li> <Li> 2 Area by division </Li> <Li> 3 Area by region </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Area by state / territory ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Total area </Th> <Th colspan="4"> Land area </Th> <Th colspan="4"> Water </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> State / territory </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> sq mi </Th> <Th> km2 </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> sq mi </Th> <Th> km2 </Th> <Th> % land </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> sq mi </Th> <Th> km2 </Th> <Th> % water </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alaska </Td> <Td> 7000100000000000000 ♠ 1 </Td> <Td> 665,384.04 </Td> <Td> 1,723,337 </Td> <Td> 7000100000000000000 ♠ 1 </Td> <Td> 570,640.95 </Td> <Td> 1,477,953 </Td> <Td> 7001857600000000000 ♠ 85.76 % </Td> <Td> 7000100000000000000 ♠ 1 </Td> <Td> 94,743.10 </Td> <Td> 245,384 </Td> <Td> 7001142400000000000 ♠ 14.24 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Texas </Td> <Td> 7000200000000000000 ♠ 2 </Td> <Td> 268,596.46 </Td> <Td> 695,662 </Td> <Td> 7000200000000000000 ♠ 2 </Td> <Td> 261,231.71 </Td> <Td> 676,587 </Td> <Td> 7001972600000000000 ♠ 97.26 % </Td> <Td> 7000800000000000000 ♠ 8 </Td> <Td> 7,364.75 </Td> <Td> 19,075 </Td> <Td> 7000274000000000000 ♠ 2.74 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> California </Td> <Td> 7000300000000000000 ♠ 3 </Td> <Td> 163,694.74 </Td> <Td> 423,967 </Td> <Td> 7000300000000000000 ♠ 3 </Td> <Td> 155,779.22 </Td> <Td> 403,466 </Td> <Td> 7001951600000000000 ♠ 95.16 % </Td> <Td> 7000600000000000000 ♠ 6 </Td> <Td> 7,915.52 </Td> <Td> 20,501 </Td> <Td> 7000484000000000000 ♠ 4.84 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Montana </Td> <Td> 7000400000000000000 ♠ 4 </Td> <Td> 147,039.71 </Td> <Td> 380,831 </Td> <Td> 7000400000000000000 ♠ 4 </Td> <Td> 145,545.80 </Td> <Td> 376,962 </Td> <Td> 7001989800000000000 ♠ 98.98 % </Td> <Td> 7001260000000000000 ♠ 26 </Td> <Td> 1,493.91 </Td> <Td> 3,869 </Td> <Td> 7000102000000000000 ♠ 1.02 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Mexico </Td> <Td> 7000500000000000000 ♠ 5 </Td> <Td> 121,590.30 </Td> <Td> 314,917 </Td> <Td> 7000500000000000000 ♠ 5 </Td> <Td> 121,298.15 </Td> <Td> 314,161 </Td> <Td> 7001997600000000000 ♠ 99.76 % </Td> <Td> 7001490000000000000 ♠ 49 </Td> <Td> 292.15 </Td> <Td> 757 </Td> <Td> 6999240000000000000 ♠ 0.24 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arizona </Td> <Td> 7000600000000000000 ♠ 6 </Td> <Td> 113,990.30 </Td> <Td> 295,234 </Td> <Td> 7000600000000000000 ♠ 6 </Td> <Td> 113,594.08 </Td> <Td> 294,207 </Td> <Td> 7001996500000000000 ♠ 99.65 % </Td> <Td> 7001480000000000000 ♠ 48 </Td> <Td> 396.22 </Td> <Td> 1,026 </Td> <Td> 6999350000000000000 ♠ 0.35 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nevada </Td> <Td> 7000700000000000000 ♠ 7 </Td> <Td> 110,571.82 </Td> <Td> 286,380 </Td> <Td> 7000700000000000000 ♠ 7 </Td> <Td> 109,781.18 </Td> <Td> 284,332 </Td> <Td> 7001992800000000000 ♠ 99.28 % </Td> <Td> 7001360000000000000 ♠ 36 </Td> <Td> 790.65 </Td> <Td> 2,048 </Td> <Td> 6999720000000000000 ♠ 0.72 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Colorado </Td> <Td> 7000800000000000000 ♠ 8 </Td> <Td> 104,093.67 </Td> <Td> 269,601 </Td> <Td> 7000800000000000000 ♠ 8 </Td> <Td> 103,641.89 </Td> <Td> 268,431 </Td> <Td> 7001995700000099999 ♠ 99.57 % </Td> <Td> 7001440000000000000 ♠ 44 </Td> <Td> 451.78 </Td> <Td> 1,170 </Td> <Td> 6999430000000000000 ♠ 0.43 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oregon </Td> <Td> 7000900000000000000 ♠ 9 </Td> <Td> 98,378.54 </Td> <Td> 254,799 </Td> <Td> 7001100000000000000 ♠ 10 </Td> <Td> 95,988.01 </Td> <Td> 248,608 </Td> <Td> 7001975700000099999 ♠ 97.57 % </Td> <Td> 7001200000000000000 ♠ 20 </Td> <Td> 2,390.53 </Td> <Td> 6,191 </Td> <Td> 7000243000000000000 ♠ 2.43 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wyoming </Td> <Td> 7001100000000000000 ♠ 10 </Td> <Td> 97,813.01 </Td> <Td> 253,335 </Td> <Td> 7000900000000000000 ♠ 9 </Td> <Td> 97,093.14 </Td> <Td> 251,470 </Td> <Td> 7001992600000000000 ♠ 99.26 % </Td> <Td> 7001370000000000000 ♠ 37 </Td> <Td> 719.87 </Td> <Td> 1,864 </Td> <Td> 6999740000000000000 ♠ 0.74 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michigan </Td> <Td> 7001110000000000000 ♠ 11 </Td> <Td> 96,713.51 </Td> <Td> 250,487 </Td> <Td> 7001220000000000000 ♠ 22 </Td> <Td> 56,538.90 </Td> <Td> 146,435 </Td> <Td> 7001584600000000000 ♠ 58.46 % </Td> <Td> 7000200000000000000 ♠ 2 </Td> <Td> 40,174.61 </Td> <Td> 104,052 </Td> <Td> 7001415400000000000 ♠ 41.54 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> 7001120000000000000 ♠ 12 </Td> <Td> 86,935.83 </Td> <Td> 225,163 </Td> <Td> 7001140000000000000 ♠ 14 </Td> <Td> 79,626.74 </Td> <Td> 206,232 </Td> <Td> 7001915900000000000 ♠ 91.59 % </Td> <Td> 7000900000000000000 ♠ 9 </Td> <Td> 7,309.09 </Td> <Td> 18,930 </Td> <Td> 7000841000000000000 ♠ 8.41 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Utah </Td> <Td> 7001130000000000000 ♠ 13 </Td> <Td> 84,896.88 </Td> <Td> 219,882 </Td> <Td> 7001120000000000000 ♠ 12 </Td> <Td> 82,169.62 </Td> <Td> 212,818 </Td> <Td> 7001967900000000000 ♠ 96.79 % </Td> <Td> 7001170000000000000 ♠ 17 </Td> <Td> 2,727.26 </Td> <Td> 7,064 </Td> <Td> 7000321000000000000 ♠ 3.21 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Idaho </Td> <Td> 7001140000000000000 ♠ 14 </Td> <Td> 83,568.95 </Td> <Td> 216,443 </Td> <Td> 7001110000000000000 ♠ 11 </Td> <Td> 82,643.12 </Td> <Td> 214,045 </Td> <Td> 7001988900000000000 ♠ 98.89 % </Td> <Td> 7001330000000000000 ♠ 33 </Td> <Td> 925.83 </Td> <Td> 2,398 </Td> <Td> 7000111000000000000 ♠ 1.11 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kansas </Td> <Td> 7001150000000000000 ♠ 15 </Td> <Td> 82,278.36 </Td> <Td> 213,100 </Td> <Td> 7001130000000000000 ♠ 13 </Td> <Td> 81,758.72 </Td> <Td> 211,754 </Td> <Td> 7001993700000000000 ♠ 99.37 % </Td> <Td> 7001420000000000000 ♠ 42 </Td> <Td> 519.64 </Td> <Td> 1,346 </Td> <Td> 6999630000000000000 ♠ 0.63 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nebraska </Td> <Td> 7001160000000000000 ♠ 16 </Td> <Td> 77,347.81 </Td> <Td> 200,330 </Td> <Td> 7001150000000000000 ♠ 15 </Td> <Td> 76,824.17 </Td> <Td> 198,974 </Td> <Td> 7001993200000099999 ♠ 99.32 % </Td> <Td> 7001410000000000000 ♠ 41 </Td> <Td> 523.64 </Td> <Td> 1,356 </Td> <Td> 6999680000000000000 ♠ 0.68 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Dakota </Td> <Td> 7001170000000000000 ♠ 17 </Td> <Td> 77,115.68 </Td> <Td> 199,729 </Td> <Td> 7001160000000000000 ♠ 16 </Td> <Td> 75,811.00 </Td> <Td> 196,350 </Td> <Td> 7001983100000000000 ♠ 98.31 % </Td> <Td> 7001290000000000000 ♠ 29 </Td> <Td> 1,304.68 </Td> <Td> 3,379 </Td> <Td> 7000169000000000000 ♠ 1.69 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Washington </Td> <Td> 7001180000000000000 ♠ 18 </Td> <Td> 71,297.95 </Td> <Td> 184,661 </Td> <Td> 7001200000000000000 ♠ 20 </Td> <Td> 66,455.52 </Td> <Td> 172,119 </Td> <Td> 7001932100000099999 ♠ 93.21 % </Td> <Td> 7001110000000000000 ♠ 11 </Td> <Td> 4,842.43 </Td> <Td> 12,542 </Td> <Td> 7000679000000000000 ♠ 6.79 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> North Dakota </Td> <Td> 7001190000000000000 ♠ 19 </Td> <Td> 70,698.32 </Td> <Td> 183,108 </Td> <Td> 7001170000000000000 ♠ 17 </Td> <Td> 69,000.80 </Td> <Td> 178,711 </Td> <Td> 7001976000000000000 ♠ 97.60 % </Td> <Td> 7001240000000000000 ♠ 24 </Td> <Td> 1,697.52 </Td> <Td> 4,397 </Td> <Td> 7000240000000000000 ♠ 2.40 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oklahoma </Td> <Td> 7001200000000000000 ♠ 20 </Td> <Td> 69,898.87 </Td> <Td> 181,037 </Td> <Td> 7001190000000000000 ♠ 19 </Td> <Td> 68,594.92 </Td> <Td> 177,660 </Td> <Td> 7001981300000000000 ♠ 98.13 % </Td> <Td> 7001300000000000000 ♠ 30 </Td> <Td> 1,303.95 </Td> <Td> 3,377 </Td> <Td> 7000187000000000000 ♠ 1.87 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Missouri </Td> <Td> 7001210000000000000 ♠ 21 </Td> <Td> 69,706.99 </Td> <Td> 180,540 </Td> <Td> 7001180000000000000 ♠ 18 </Td> <Td> 68,741.52 </Td> <Td> 178,040 </Td> <Td> 7001986100000000000 ♠ 98.61 % </Td> <Td> 7001320000000000000 ♠ 32 </Td> <Td> 965.47 </Td> <Td> 2,501 </Td> <Td> 7000138990000099999 ♠ 1.39 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> 7001220000000000000 ♠ 22 </Td> <Td> 65,757.70 </Td> <Td> 170,312 </Td> <Td> 7001260000000000000 ♠ 26 </Td> <Td> 53,624.76 </Td> <Td> 138,887 </Td> <Td> 7001815500000000000 ♠ 81.55 % </Td> <Td> 7000300000000000000 ♠ 3 </Td> <Td> 12,132.94 </Td> <Td> 31,424 </Td> <Td> 7001184500000000000 ♠ 18.45 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wisconsin </Td> <Td> 7001230000000000000 ♠ 23 </Td> <Td> 65,496.38 </Td> <Td> 169,635 </Td> <Td> 7001250000000000000 ♠ 25 </Td> <Td> 54,157.80 </Td> <Td> 140,268 </Td> <Td> 7001826900000000000 ♠ 82.69 % </Td> <Td> 7000400000000000000 ♠ 4 </Td> <Td> 11,338.57 </Td> <Td> 29,367 </Td> <Td> 7001173109999900000 ♠ 17.31 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> 7001240000000000000 ♠ 24 </Td> <Td> 59,425.15 </Td> <Td> 153,910 </Td> <Td> 7001210000000000000 ♠ 21 </Td> <Td> 57,513.49 </Td> <Td> 148,959 </Td> <Td> 7001967800000000000 ♠ 96.78 % </Td> <Td> 7001220000000000000 ♠ 22 </Td> <Td> 1,911.66 </Td> <Td> 4,951 </Td> <Td> 7000322000000000000 ♠ 3.22 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Illinois </Td> <Td> 7001250000000000000 ♠ 25 </Td> <Td> 57,913.55 </Td> <Td> 149,995 </Td> <Td> 7001240000000000000 ♠ 24 </Td> <Td> 55,518.93 </Td> <Td> 143,793 </Td> <Td> 7001958700000000000 ♠ 95.87 % </Td> <Td> 7001190000000000000 ♠ 19 </Td> <Td> 2,394.62 </Td> <Td> 6,202 </Td> <Td> 7000413000000000000 ♠ 4.13 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Iowa </Td> <Td> 7001260000000000000 ♠ 26 </Td> <Td> 56,272.81 </Td> <Td> 145,746 </Td> <Td> 7001230000000000000 ♠ 23 </Td> <Td> 55,857.13 </Td> <Td> 144,669 </Td> <Td> 7001992600000000000 ♠ 99.26 % </Td> <Td> 7001450000000000000 ♠ 45 </Td> <Td> 415.68 </Td> <Td> 1,077 </Td> <Td> 6999740000000000000 ♠ 0.74 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> 7001270000000000000 ♠ 27 </Td> <Td> 54,554.98 </Td> <Td> 141,297 </Td> <Td> 7001300000000000000 ♠ 30 </Td> <Td> 47,126.40 </Td> <Td> 122,057 </Td> <Td> 7001863800000000000 ♠ 86.38 % </Td> <Td> 7000700000000000000 ♠ 7 </Td> <Td> 7,428.58 </Td> <Td> 19,240 </Td> <Td> 7001136200000099999 ♠ 13.62 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> North Carolina </Td> <Td> 7001280000000000000 ♠ 28 </Td> <Td> 53,819.16 </Td> <Td> 139,391 </Td> <Td> 7001290000000000000 ♠ 29 </Td> <Td> 48,617.91 </Td> <Td> 125,920 </Td> <Td> 7001903400000000000 ♠ 90.34 % </Td> <Td> 7001100000000000000 ♠ 10 </Td> <Td> 5,201.25 </Td> <Td> 13,471 </Td> <Td> 7000966000000000000 ♠ 9.66 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arkansas </Td> <Td> 7001290000000000000 ♠ 29 </Td> <Td> 53,178.55 </Td> <Td> 137,732 </Td> <Td> 7001270000000000000 ♠ 27 </Td> <Td> 52,035.48 </Td> <Td> 134,771 </Td> <Td> 7001978500000000000 ♠ 97.85 % </Td> <Td> 7001310000000000000 ♠ 31 </Td> <Td> 1,143.07 </Td> <Td> 2,961 </Td> <Td> 7000215000000000000 ♠ 2.15 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alabama </Td> <Td> 7001300000000000000 ♠ 30 </Td> <Td> 52,420.07 </Td> <Td> 135,767 </Td> <Td> 7001280000000000000 ♠ 28 </Td> <Td> 50,645.33 </Td> <Td> 131,171 </Td> <Td> 7001966100000000000 ♠ 96.61 % </Td> <Td> 7001230000000000000 ♠ 23 </Td> <Td> 1,774.74 </Td> <Td> 4,597 </Td> <Td> 7000339000000000000 ♠ 3.39 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Louisiana </Td> <Td> 7001310000000000000 ♠ 31 </Td> <Td> 52,378.13 </Td> <Td> 135,659 </Td> <Td> 7001330000000000000 ♠ 33 </Td> <Td> 43,203.90 </Td> <Td> 111,898 </Td> <Td> 7001824800000000000 ♠ 82.48 % </Td> <Td> 7000500000000000000 ♠ 5 </Td> <Td> 9,174.23 </Td> <Td> 23,761 </Td> <Td> 7001175200000000000 ♠ 17.52 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mississippi </Td> <Td> 7001320000000000000 ♠ 32 </Td> <Td> 48,431.78 </Td> <Td> 125,438 </Td> <Td> 7001310000000000000 ♠ 31 </Td> <Td> 46,923.27 </Td> <Td> 121,531 </Td> <Td> 7001968900000000000 ♠ 96.89 % </Td> <Td> 7001250000000000000 ♠ 25 </Td> <Td> 1,508.51 </Td> <Td> 3,907 </Td> <Td> 7000311000000000000 ♠ 3.11 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> 7001330000000000000 ♠ 33 </Td> <Td> 46,054.35 </Td> <Td> 119,280 </Td> <Td> 7001320000000000000 ♠ 32 </Td> <Td> 44,742.70 </Td> <Td> 115,883 </Td> <Td> 7001971500000000000 ♠ 97.15 % </Td> <Td> 7001280000000000000 ♠ 28 </Td> <Td> 1,311.64 </Td> <Td> 3,397 </Td> <Td> 7000285000000000000 ♠ 2.85 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ohio </Td> <Td> 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 </Td> <Td> 44,825.58 </Td> <Td> 116,098 </Td> <Td> 7001350000000000000 ♠ 35 </Td> <Td> 40,860.69 </Td> <Td> 105,829 </Td> <Td> 7001911500000000000 ♠ 91.15 % </Td> <Td> 7001140000000000000 ♠ 14 </Td> <Td> 3,964.89 </Td> <Td> 10,269 </Td> <Td> 7000885000000000000 ♠ 8.85 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Virginia </Td> <Td> 7001350000000000000 ♠ 35 </Td> <Td> 42,774.93 </Td> <Td> 110,787 </Td> <Td> 7001360000000000000 ♠ 36 </Td> <Td> 39,490.09 </Td> <Td> 102,279 </Td> <Td> 7001923200000099999 ♠ 92.32 % </Td> <Td> 7001150000000000000 ♠ 15 </Td> <Td> 3,284.84 </Td> <Td> 8,508 </Td> <Td> 7000768000000000000 ♠ 7.68 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tennessee </Td> <Td> 7001360000000000000 ♠ 36 </Td> <Td> 42,144.25 </Td> <Td> 109,153 </Td> <Td> 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 </Td> <Td> 41,234.90 </Td> <Td> 106,798 </Td> <Td> 7001978400000000000 ♠ 97.84 % </Td> <Td> 7001350000000000000 ♠ 35 </Td> <Td> 909.36 </Td> <Td> 2,355 </Td> <Td> 7000216000000000000 ♠ 2.16 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kentucky </Td> <Td> 7001370000000000000 ♠ 37 </Td> <Td> 40,407.80 </Td> <Td> 104,656 </Td> <Td> 7001370000000000000 ♠ 37 </Td> <Td> 39,486.34 </Td> <Td> 102,269

The 3rd largest state in the USA is

What is the 3rd largest state in usa?

-5762375008462850995

State of the Union - wikipedia <H1> State of the Union </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 13 April 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search `` States of the Union '' redirects here . For other uses , see State of the Union ( disambiguation ) . For the most recent State of the Union address , see 2018 State of the Union Address . <P> The State of the Union Address is an annual message presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress , except in the first year of a new president 's term . The message includes a budget message and an economic report of the nation , and also allows the President to outline their legislative agenda ( for which the cooperation of Congress is needed ) and national priorities . </P> <P> The address fulfills rules in Article II , Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution , requiring the President to periodically `` give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union , and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient . '' During most of the country 's first century , the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress . After 1913 , Woodrow Wilson , the 28th U.S. President , began the regular practice of delivering the address to Congress in person as a way to rally support for his agenda . With the advent of radio and television , the address is now broadcast live across the country on many networks . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Ceremony </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Delivery of the speech <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Invitations </Li> <Li> 3.2 Protocol of entry into House chamber </Li> <Li> 3.3 Designated survivor and other logistics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Opposition response </Li> <Li> 5 Significance </Li> <Li> 6 Local versions </Li> <Li> 7 Historic speeches </Li> <Li> 8 TV ratings </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Ceremony ( edit ) </H2> <P> The practice arises from a duty given to the president in the Constitution of the United States : </P> <P> He shall from time to time give to Congress information of the State of the Union and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient . </P> -- Article II , Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution <P> Although the language of this State of the Union Clause of the Constitution is not specific , since the 1930s , the President makes this report annually in late January or early February . Between 1934 and 2013 the date has been as early as January 3 , and as late as February 12 . </P> <P> While not required to deliver a speech , every president since Woodrow Wilson , with the notable exception of Herbert Hoover , has made at least one State of the Union report as a speech delivered before a joint session of Congress . Before that time , most presidents delivered the State of the Union as a written report . </P> <P> Since Franklin Roosevelt , the State of the Union is given typically each January before a joint session of the United States Congress and is held in the House of Representatives chamber of the United States Capitol . Newly inaugurated presidents generally deliver an address to Congress in February of the first year of their term , but this speech is not officially considered to be a `` State of the Union '' . </P> <P> What began as a communication between president and Congress has become a communication between the president and the people of the United States . Since the advent of radio , and then television , the speech has been broadcast live on most networks , preempting scheduled programming . To reach the largest audience , the speech , once given during the day , is now typically given in the evening , after 9pm ET ( UTC - 5 ) . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> George Washington 's handwritten notes for the first State of the Union Address , January 8 , 1790 . Full 7 pages . <P> George Washington delivered the first regular annual message before a joint session of Congress on January 8 , 1790 , in New York City , then the provisional U.S. capital . In 1801 , Thomas Jefferson discontinued the practice of delivering the address in person , regarding it as too monarchical ( similar to the Speech from the Throne ) . Instead , the address was written and then sent to Congress to be read by a clerk until 1913 when Woodrow Wilson re-established the practice despite some initial controversy . However , there have been exceptions to this rule . Presidents during the latter half of the 20th century have sent written State of the Union addresses . The last President to do this was Jimmy Carter in 1981 , after his defeat by Ronald Reagan and days before his term ended . </P> <P> For many years , the speech was referred to as `` the President 's Annual Message to Congress '' . The actual term `` State of the Union '' first emerged in 1934 when Franklin D. Roosevelt used the phrase , becoming its generally accepted name since 1947 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Franklin Delano Roosevelt </Td> <Td> State of the Union ( Four Freedoms ) ( January 6 , 1941 ) Franklin Delano Roosevelt 's January 6 , 1941 State of the Union Address introducing the theme of the Four Freedoms ( starting at 32 : 02 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Prior to 1934 , the annual message was delivered at the end of the calendar year , in December . The ratification of the 20th Amendment on January 23 , 1933 , changed the opening of Congress from early March to early January , affecting the delivery of the annual message . Since 1934 , the message or address has been delivered to Congress in January or February . </P> <P> The Twentieth Amendment also established January 20 as the beginning of the presidential term . In years when a new president is inaugurated , the outgoing president may deliver a final State of the Union message , but none has done so since Jimmy Carter sent a written message in 1981 . In 1953 and 1961 , Congress received both a written State of the Union message from the outgoing president and a separate State of the Union speech by the incoming president . Since 1989 , in recognition that the responsibility of reporting the State of the Union formally belongs to the president who held office during the past year , newly inaugurated Presidents have not officially called their first speech before Congress a `` State of the Union '' message . </P> <P> In 1936 , President Roosevelt set a precedent when he delivered the address at night . Only once before -- when Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to order the U.S. into World War I -- had a sitting president addressed Congress at night . </P> The text of the first page of Ronald Reagan 's first State of the Union Address , given January 26 , 1982 <P> Warren Harding 's 1922 speech was the first to be broadcast on radio , albeit to a limited audience , while Calvin Coolidge 's 1923 speech was the first to be broadcast across the nation . Harry S. Truman 's 1947 address was the first to be broadcast on television . Lyndon B. Johnson 's address in 1965 was the first delivered in the evening . Three years later , in 1968 , television networks in the United States , for the first time , imposed no time limit for their coverage of a State of the Union address . Delivered by Lyndon B. Johnson , this address was followed by extensive televised commentary by , among others , Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Milton Friedman . Ronald Reagan 's 1986 State of the Union Address is the only one to have been postponed . He had planned to deliver it on January 28 , 1986 but postponed it for a week after learning of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and instead addressed the nation on the day 's events . Bill Clinton 's 1997 address was the first broadcast available live on the World Wide Web . </P> <H2> Delivery of the speech ( edit ) </H2> <P> A formal invitation is made by the Speaker of the House to the President several weeks before each State of the Union Address . </P> <H3> Invitations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Every member of Congress can bring one guest to the State of the Union address . The President may invite up to 24 guests with the First Lady in her box . The Speaker of the House may invite up to 24 guests in the Speaker 's box . Seating for Congress on the main floor is by a first - in , first - served basis with no reservations . The Cabinet , Supreme Court justices , members of the Diplomatic Corps , and Joint Chiefs have reserved seating . </P> <H3> Protocol of entry into House chamber ( edit ) </H3> <P> By approximately 8 : 30 pm on the night of the address , the members of the House have gathered in their seats for the joint session . Then , the Deputy Sergeant at Arms addresses the Speaker and loudly announces the Vice President and members of the Senate , who enter and take the seats assigned for them . </P> <P> The Speaker , and then the Vice President , specify the members of the House and Senate , respectively , who will escort the President into the House chamber . The Deputy Sergeant at Arms addresses the Speaker again and loudly announces , in order , the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps , the Chief Justice of the United States and the Associate Justices , and the Cabinet , each of whom enters and takes their seats when called . The justices take the seats nearest to the Speaker 's rostrum and adjacent to the sections reserved for the Cabinet and the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . </P> The Sergeants at Arms of the House ( left ) and Senate ( right ) wait at the doorway to the House chamber before President Barack Obama enters to deliver the 2011 State of the Union Address . <P> Just after 9 pm , as the President reaches the door to the chamber , the House Sergeant at Arms stands just inside the doors , faces the Speaker , and waits until the President is ready to enter the chamber . When the President is ready , the Sergeant at Arms always announces his entrance , loudly stating the phrase : `` Mister Speaker , the President of the United States ! '' </P> <P> As applause and cheering begins , the President slowly walks toward the Speaker 's rostrum , followed by members of his Congressional escort committee . The President 's approach is slowed by pausing to shake hands , hug , kiss , and autograph copies of his speech for Members of Congress . After he takes his place at the House Clerk 's desk , he hands two manila envelopes , previously placed on the desk and containing copies of the speech , to the Speaker and Vice President . </P> <P> After continuing applause from the attendees has diminished , the Speaker introduces the President to the Representatives and Senators , stating : `` Members of Congress , I have the high privilege and distinct honor of presenting to you the President of the United States . '' This leads to

The State of the Union address is typically televised

When is the state of the union televised?

6255051608078138794

Joe 's Garage ( song ) - wikipedia <H1> Joe 's Garage ( song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Joe 's Garage '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Frank Zappa </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Joe 's Garage Act I </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> March 3 , 1979 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 - inch record </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1979 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 6 : 10 ( album version ) </Li> <Li> 4 : 08 ( single version ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> CBS Records </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Frank Zappa </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Frank Zappa </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Frank Zappa singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Bobby Brown ( Goes Down ) '' ( 1979 ) </Td> <Td> `` Joe 's Garage '' ( 1979 ) </Td> <Td> `` Stick It Out '' ( 1979 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Bobby Brown ( Goes Down ) '' ( 1979 ) </Td> <Td> `` Joe 's Garage '' ( 1979 ) </Td> <Td> `` Stick It Out '' ( 1979 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Joe 's Garage '' is a single on Frank Zappa 's 1979 album Joe 's Garage Act I. After the introductory track , `` The Central Scrutinizer '' , this song begins the story of Joe 's Garage . Although it only charted in Norway and Sweden ( where it was a top 20 hit in both countries ) , it was one of Zappa 's songs which had the most airplay on American FM radio , at the time still album - centered . The song was played in concert from 1980 to 1988 along with the song `` Why Does it Hurt When I Pee ? '' in all tours of Zappa 's after the single 's release . The single version of the song lacks many of the special effects that the album version contains . The single version of `` Joe 's Garage '' was put onto Zappa 's best - of Strictly Commercial . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 The story </Li> <Li> 2 Overture </Li> <Li> 3 Themes </Li> <Li> 4 Differences live </Li> <Li> 5 Track list </Li> <Li> 6 Charts </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> The story ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song introduces the main character Joe and another band member , Larry Fanoga . It explains that Joe , Larry , and their friends were in a band together in Joe 's garage and would play the same simple , repetitive three - chord song . This was a mocking commentary on many garage and punk bands of the era . They started to play this one song in a go go bar and eventually their repetitive music became well enough known where they were offered a record deal , but when the promised `` good times '' never materialized , the band abruptly broke up . The song then flashes back to the band playing a distorted parody of their song in the garage at a loud and annoying volume , much to the chagrin of Joe 's parents and a complaining neighbor . </P> <P> As the years go past , glam rock , disco and new wave each successively become popular , the band 's song comes back into style and it is implied they reunite , when the same complaining neighbor calls the police on them . Then it 's explained that this is `` Joe 's first confrontation with the law , '' implying that later in the story he would have more trouble with the police . The officer lets him off easy and tells him to `` stick closer to church oriented social activities '' , another commentary about how adults of the era felt religion was a good cleanser of the evil sins of rock . This line delivered by The Central Scrutinizer also introduces the next song on the album `` Catholic Girls . '' </P> <H2> Overture ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song foreshadows musical styles to be later used in the album such as sleigh bells more prominent in `` Why Does it Hurt When I Pee ? '' an odd - sounding guitar line used in `` He Used to Cut the Grass '' , and the line `` It makes its own sauce if you add water '' is later stated in the song `` Crew Slut . '' These foreshadowings make the song more of an overture to the album . </P> <H2> Themes ( edit ) </H2> <P> The underlying themes of the song as well as most of the album was based upon Zappa 's hatred for censorship , corporate abuse , and untalented bands becoming famous . The song was more commercial sounding than most of the other tracks on the album because it was intended to be a single as well as the main song on the album . </P> <H2> Differences live ( edit ) </H2> <P> When played live , the song tended to be played at a faster tempo as well as having inside jokes inserted into it . </P> <H2> Track list ( edit ) </H2> <P> 7 '' single ( CBS 7950 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> A. `` Joe 's Garage '' -- 4 : 07 </Li> <Li> B. `` Catholic Girls '' -- 4 : 00 </Li> </Ul> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1979 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norway ( VG - lista ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Couture , François . `` Joe 's Garage -- Song Review '' . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved May 7 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Frank Zappa -- Joe 's Garage Lyrics '' . MetroLyrics . Retrieved May 7 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Courrier , Kevin ( 2002 ) . Dangerous Kitchen : The Subversive World of Zappa . ECW Press . p. 333 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bogdanov , Vladimir ; Woodstra , Chris ; Erlewine , Stephen Thomas ( 2001 ) . All Music Guide : The Definitive Guide to Popular Music ( 4th ed . ) . Backbeat Books . p. 432 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8793 - 0627 - 4 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lowe , Kelly Fisher ( 2007 ) . The Words and Music of Frank Zappa . University of Nebraska Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8032 - 6005 - 4 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Norwegiancharts.com -- Frank Zappa -- Joe 's Garage '' . VG - lista . Retrieved February 16 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Swedishcharts.com -- Frank Zappa -- Joe 's Garage '' . Singles Top 100 . Retrieved February 16 , 2016 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` How Could I Be Such a Fool ? '' </Li> <Li> `` Trouble Comin ' Every Day '' </Li> <Li> `` Who Are the Brain Police ? '' </Li> <Li> `` Big Leg Emma '' </Li> <Li> `` Son of Suzy Creamcheese '' </Li> <Li> `` Lonely Little Girl '' </Li> <Li> `` Motherly Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Deseri '' </Li> <Li> `` Anyway the Wind Blows '' </Li> <Li> `` WPLJ '' </Li> <Li> `` My Guitar '' </Li> <Li> `` Peaches en Regalia '' </Li> <Li> `` Tell Me You Love Me '' </Li> <Li> `` Tears Began to Fall '' </Li> <Li> `` Magic Fingers '' </Li> <Li> `` What Will This Evening Bring Me This Morning '' </Li> <Li> `` Cletus Awreetus - Awrightus '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'm the Slime '' </Li> <Li> `` Cosmik Debris '' </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Eat the Yellow Snow '' </Li> <Li> `` Du Bist Mein Sofa '' </Li> <Li> `` Find Her Finer '' </Li> <Li> `` Disco Boy '' </Li> <Li> `` Dancin ' Fool '' </Li> <Li> `` Bobby Brown '' </Li> <Li> `` Joe 's Garage '' </Li> <Li> `` Stick It Out '' </Li> <Li> `` I Do n't Wanna Get Drafted '' </Li> <Li> `` Love of My Life '' </Li> <Li> `` Harder Than Your Husband '' </Li> <Li> `` You Are What You Is '' </Li> <Li> `` Goblin Girl '' </Li> <Li> `` Valley Girl '' </Li> <Li> `` The Man From Utopia Meets Mary Lou '' </Li> <Li> `` Cocaine Decisions '' </Li> <Li> `` Baby Take Your Teeth Out '' </Li> <Li> `` In France '' </Li> <Li> `` The Girl in the Magnesium Dress '' </Li> <Li> `` Sexual Harassment in the Workplace '' </Li> <Li> `` Zomby Woof '' </Li> <Li> `` Stairway to Heaven '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other compositions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Absolutely Free '' </Li> <Li> `` Advance Romance '' </Li> <Li> `` The Adventures of Greggery Peccary '' </Li> <Li> `` America Drinks & Goes Home '' </Li> <Li> `` Are You Hung Up ? '' </Li> <Li> `` Billy the Mountain '' </Li> <Li> `` The Black Page '' </Li> <Li> `` Brown Shoes Do n't Make It '' </Li> <Li> `` Camarillo Brillo '' </Li> <Li> `` Cheepnis '' </Li> <Li> `` Duodenum '' </Li> <Li> `` Father O'Blivion </Li> <Li> `` Help , I 'm a Rock '' </Li> <Li> `` I Have Been in You '' </Li> <Li> `` Inca Roads '' </Li> <Li> `` Jewish Princess '' </Li> <Li> `` Let 's Make the Water Turn Black '' </Li> <Li> `` A Little Green Rosetta '' </Li> <Li> `` Memories of El Monte '' </Li> <Li> `` Montana '' </Li> <Li> `` Muffin Man '' </Li> <Li> `` Nanook Rubs It '' </Li> <Li> `` Plastic People '' </Li> <Li> `` The Return of the Son of Monster Magnet '' </Li> <Li> `` Rollo '' </Li> <Li> `` Sleep Dirt '' </Li> <Li> `` St. Alfonzo 's Pancake Breakfast '' </Li> <Li> `` Take Your Clothes Off When You Dance '' </Li> <Li> `` A Token of My Extreme '' </Li> <Li> `` The Torture Never Stops '' </Li> <Li> `` What 's the Ugliest Part of Your Body ? '' </Li> <Li> `` Who Needs the Peace Corps ? '' </Li> <Li> `` Willie the Pimp '' </Li> <Li> `` Wind Up Workin ' in a Gas Station '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Filmography </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 200 Motels </Li> <Li> Baby Snakes </Li> <Li> The Dub Room Special </Li> <Li> Video from Hell </Li> <Li> Does Humor Belong in Music ? </Li> <Li> The True Story of Frank Zappa 's 200 Motels </Li> <Li> The Amazing Mr. Bickford </Li> <Li> Uncle Meat </Li> <Li> The Torture Never Stops </Li> <Li> A Token Of His Extreme </Li> <Li> Roxy The Movie </Li> <Li> Eat That Question : Frank Zappa in His Own Words </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Relatives </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gail Zappa </Li> <Li> Moon Zappa </Li> <Li> Dweezil Zappa </Li> <Li> Ahmet Zappa </Li> <Li> Diva Zappa </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Influence </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> In popular culture </Li> <Li> Zappa Plays Zappa </Li> <Li> Pachygnatha zappa </Li> <Li> Phialella zappai </Li> <Li> Zappa confluentus </Li> <Li> 3834 Zappafrank </Li> <Li> Frankly a Cappella </Li> <Li> King Kong : Jean - Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa </Li> <Li> Zappa

The song "Why Does It Hurt When I Pee" is sung by

Who sings why does it hurt when i pee?

-2402537297213964031

I Write Sins Not Tragedies - wikipedia <H1> I Write Sins Not Tragedies </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Panic ! at the Disco </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album A Fever You Ca n't Sweat Out </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> February 27 , 2006 ( 2006 - 02 - 27 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> 7 '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> August 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pop punk </Li> <Li> emo </Li> <Li> baroque pop </Li> <Li> pop rock </Li> <Li> alternative rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 06 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fueled by Ramen </Li> <Li> Decaydance </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ryan Ross </Li> <Li> Brendon Urie </Li> <Li> Spencer Smith </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Matt Squire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Panic ! at the Disco singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage '' ( 2005 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' ( 2006 ) </Td> <Td> `` But It 's Better If You Do '' ( 2006 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage '' ( 2005 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' ( 2006 ) </Td> <Td> `` But It 's Better If You Do '' ( 2006 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' is a song by American rock band Panic ! at the Disco , and is the second single from their debut studio album , A Fever You Ca n't Sweat Out ( 2005 ) . It was released on April 27 , 2006 on both CD and 7 '' vinyl . The pizzicato cello motif that the song is built upon was played by session musician Heather Stebbins . The song reached No. 7 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 . This was the band 's only top forty hit until the release of `` Hallelujah '' in 2015 . While the song failed to hit the top 10 on the Alternative Songs chart peaking at No. 12 which was lower than their prior single , `` The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage '' which peaked at No. 5 , the song 's success on the Hot 100 and Mainstream Top 40 ( at No. 2 ) charts was what made the song one of the biggest modern rock hits of 2006 and is still one of the band 's most played songs on alternative radio stations to this day . </P> <P> In the UK , the song was released on February 27 , 2006 as a limited edition single with a free sticker . Because the sticker was included with the CD single , the song was not eligible for the UK Singles Chart . Official Charts Company rules state that stickers are not allowed in single releases . Later , in September 2006 , due to the popularity of the track and following further single releases there of `` Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off '' and `` But It 's Better If You Do '' , going top 40 there , the single was re-released on October 30 , 2006 . Despite receiving significant radio airplay upon its re-release , the single only reached No. 25 in the UK Singles Chart . </P> <P> Many U.S. radio stations , in response to the language found in the song , wanted an edited version . The lyrics `` The poor groom 's bride is a whore '' and `` Have n't you people ever heard of closing a goddamn door ? '' were changed by replacing `` whore '' with a `` shhh '' sound and removing `` god '' in `` goddamn '' . Some stations -- generally modern rock stations -- still play the original version . </P> <P> The song was covered by Fall Out Boy , fellow Decaydance band , for their live album , * * * * : Live in Phoenix . ( Fall Out Boy commonly uses the song 's chorus as a lead - in to `` This Ai n't a Scene , It 's an Arms Race '' in concert . ) </P> <P> `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' was ranked No. 3 in Billboard 's Best 2000 's Video poll . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Title </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Track listing </Li> <Li> 4 Charts and certifications <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 4.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 4.3 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Title ( edit ) </H2> <P> The title of the song refers to Douglas Coupland 's novel Shampoo Planet , wherein the main character , Tyler Johnson , says : `` I am writing a list of tragic character flaws on my dollar bills with a felt pen . I am thinking of the people in my universe and distilling for each of these people the one flaw in their character that will be their downfall -- the flaw that will be their undoing . What I write are not sins ; I write tragedies . '' </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> Brendon Urie and Daniel Isaac in the music video . <P> `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' is Panic ! at the Disco 's first single to have a music video . ( `` The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage '' was the first single , but no video was filmed . ) The video for the song takes place at a strange , circus - themed wedding played by the Lucent Dossier Vaudeville Cirque . </P> <P> The video starts as the bride , played by Jessie Preston , and groom , Daniel Isaac McGuffey , are about to be married . Her family dress and behave formally , but are revealed later to have fallen asleep and have eyes painted on their eyelids . His family are lower - class entertainers and carnival folk , and interrupt the wedding . The ringmaster , played by vocalist Brendon Urie , acts as narrator and disrupts the events . After an argument between the two families , the bride runs out and is followed by one of her guests . The ringmaster drags the groom outside by his tie , where his fiancée is kissing the guest who followed her out of the church . The groom straightens up , looking shocked , and Urie and the groom bow to the camera . The ringmaster is revealed to be the groom 's alter ego . </P> <P> The music video by director Shane Drake won the award for Video of the Year during the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards . This marked the first occasion since the 1989 VMAs that the winner of Video of the Year did not win anything else . The video was also ranked No. 7 on VH1 's list of the Top 100 Videos of 2006 . </P> <P> The video was shot in December 2005 . According to vocalist Brendon Urie , he and guitarist Ryan Ross suffered from the flu while filming the video clip . In August 2011 , the video won Best VMA Winning Video of All Time , in a worldwide poll on MTV 's website . </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <P> UK 7 '' poster bag ( February 2006 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> A. `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' </Li> </Ul> <P> UK CD single ( February 2006 ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' </Li> <Li> `` Nails for Breakfast , Tacks for Snacks '' ( demo version ) </Li> </Ol> <P> WMI CD single ( May 2006 ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' -- 3 : 10 </Li> <Li> `` Nails for Breakfast , Tacks for Snacks '' ( demo version ) -- 3 : 57 </Li> <Li> `` The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage '' ( Tommie Sunshine Brooklyn Fire Remix ) -- 5 : 04 </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Panic ! at the Disco -- `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' 30 - second sample from Panic ! at the Disco `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' , from the album A Fever You Ca n't Sweat Out . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> UK CD single ( October 2006 ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' </Li> <Li> `` Karma Police '' ( Live in Denver ) </Li> </Ol> <P> UK 7 '' gatefold sleeve ( October 2006 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> A. `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' </Li> <Li> B . `` But It 's Better If You Do '' ( Live from Glasgow ) </Li> </Ul> <P> UK 7 '' picture disc ( October 2006 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> A. `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' </Li> <Li> B. `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' ( Live in Denver ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Enhanced CD single ( October 2006 ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' </Li> <Li> `` Nails for Breakfast , Tacks for Snacks '' ( demo version ) </Li> <Li> `` The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage '' ( Tommie Sunshine Brooklyn Fire Remix ) </Li> <Li> `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' ( video ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> Charts and certifications ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2006 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratip Flanders ) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Th> <Td> 66 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Th> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scotland ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard Hot 100 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Alternative Songs ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Adult Top 40 ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2006 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> 247 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard Hot 100 </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Certifications ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> <Th> Certified units / Sales </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Kingdom ( BPI ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 400,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States ( RIAA ) </Th> <Td> 4 × Platinum </Td> <Td> 4,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Ringtone </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States

The Panic at the Disco song about a wedding is

Panic at the disco song about a wedding?

-4191127664107184255

reviews from critics . The film made $16.85 million during opening weekend , ranking third at the box office . At the end of its box office run , the film had grossed over $124 million worldwide . Coraline won Annie Awards for best music , character design , production design and received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for Best Animated Feature . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Soundtrack <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Soundtrack list </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Home media </Li> <Li> 5.2 Other media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.3 Accolades <Ul> <Li> 6.3. 1 Awards and nominations </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot </H2> <P> Coraline Jones and her parents move from Pontiac , Michigan , to their new home in Ashland , Oregon , the dilapidated Pink Palace Apartments . Her eccentric new neighbors include Mr. Bobinsky , Miss Spink and Miss Forcible , and Wyborne `` Wybie '' Lovat , the grandson of the landlady . </P> <P> Wybie gives Coraline a button - eyed ragdoll that resembles her . The doll then lures her to a small door in the living room , which is bricked up and can only be unlocked by a button key . That night , a mouse guides her through the door , where the bricks have been replaced by a corridor to the Other World , inhabited by button - eyed doppelgängers of people from her world . Coraline meets her Other Mother and Other Father , who are warmer and more attentive than her real parents . </P> <P> After dinner , she goes to sleep in her Other Bedroom , but awakes in her real bedroom . Despite cryptic warnings from her neighbors , Coraline visits the Other World three times , where she meets the Other Mr. Bobinsky , the Other Miss Spink and Miss Forcible , and the Other Wybie , who has been rendered mute . The cat is the same cat as in the real world , but is able to speak in the Other World . </P> <P> The Other Mother invites Coraline to stay forever , but says a pair of buttons will have to be sewn over her eyes . Horrified , Coraline attempts to flee , but the Other Mother has blocked all the exits to the real world . The cat appears and reveals to her the sinister truth about the Other World and the Other Mother . The Other Mother suddenly grows tall and grotesque and imprisons her behind a mirror . There , Coraline meets the ghosts of previous victims , including the long - lost twin sister of Wybie 's grandmother . They tell her that the Other Mother , whom they refer to as the Beldam , created and sent button - eyed rag dolls that resembled them in order to spy on their lives . With the promise of a better life , she lured them into the Other World , where she sewed buttons over their eyes and consumed their lives . To free their souls , their real eyes need to be found . Coraline promises to help . </P> <P> Coraline is suddenly rescued from the mirror by the Other Wybie . He helps her escape back to the real world , but Coraline discovers that her parents are missing . She eventually deduces that they have been kidnapped by the Beldam . The cat advises Coraline to propose a `` game '' : if Coraline can not find her parents and the ghosts ' eyes , she will let buttons be sewn over her eyes , but if she can , they will all be set free . The Beldam reluctantly agrees . </P> <P> One by one , Coraline finds the ghosts ' eyes in the Other World , now turned nightmarish , from its deranged inhabitants . As she does , the Other Pink Palace Apartments ' surroundings gradually disintegrate until only the living room is left . Inside , Coraline sees the Beldam in her arachnoid form . Warned that the Beldam will never let them go , she tricks her into unlocking the door . While the Beldam is distracted , Coraline finds her parents trapped in a snow globe , grabs it , and throws the cat at the Beldam 's face . The struggling cat rips her button eyes out . Coraline escapes into the corridor and slams and locks the door shut on the Beldam 's hand , severing it . Her parents reappear in the real world , with no memory of what happened . That night , the ghosts warn her to get rid of the button key to prevent the Beldam from accessing the real world . As Coraline prepares to drop it down the well , the severed hand attacks her and tries to drag her back to the Other World . Wybie smashes it with a rock , then throws the pieces and the key into the well and seals it shut . </P> <P> The next day , Coraline and her parents , who have finally finished their work , host a garden party for the neighbors . Coraline also prepares to tell Mrs. Lovat the truth about her twin sister . </P> <H2> Cast </H2> <Ul> <Li> Dakota Fanning as Coraline Jones , a curious 11 - year - old girl with dark blue hair . </Li> <Li> Robert Bailey Jr. as Wyborne `` Wybie '' Lovat , the geeky , nervous 11 - year - old grandson of Coraline 's landlady . Wybie is a character introduced for the film adaptation so that the viewer `` would n't have a girl walking around , occasionally talking to herself '' . </Li> <Li> Teri Hatcher as Mel Jones , Coraline 's mother , and the Beldam / Other Mother , the ruler of the Other World . </Li> <Li> Jennifer Saunders and Dawn French as April Spink and Miriam Forcible respectively , a pair of retired burlesque actresses . </Li> <Li> John Hodgman as Charlie Jones , Coraline 's father and the Other Father . <Ul> <Li> John Linnell as Other Father 's singing voice . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Ian McShane as Sergei Alexander Bobinsky , a former Chernobyl liquidator and one of Coraline 's neighbors who owns a jumping mice circus . His nickname is `` Mr B . '' </Li> <Li> Keith David as the Cat , a sarcastic , mysterious , nameless black cat from Coraline 's world who appears and disappears at will and has the ability to speak in the Other World . </Li> <Li> Caroline Crawford as Mrs. Lovat , Wybie 's grandmother and the owner of the Pink Palace Apartments . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production </H2> `` Coraline ( was ) a huge risk . But these days in animation , the safest bet is to take a risk . '' <P> -- Henry Selick </P> <P> Director Henry Selick met author Neil Gaiman just as he was finishing the novel Coraline , and given that Gaiman was a fan of Selick 's The Nightmare Before Christmas , he invited him to a possible adaptation of the film . As Selick thought a direct adaptation would lead to `` maybe a 47 - minute movie '' , his screenplay had some expansions , such as the creation of Wybie . When looking for a design away from the style seen in most animation , Selick discovered the work of Japanese illustrator Tadahiro Uesugi and invited him to become the concept artist . One of Uesugi 's biggest influences was on the color palette , which was muted in reality and more colorful in the Other World . Uesugi declared that `` at the beginning , it was supposed to be a small project over a few weeks to simply create characters ; however , I ended up working on the project for over a year , eventually designing sets and backgrounds , on top of drawing the basic images for the story to be built upon . '' </P> <P> Coraline was staged in a 140,000 - square - foot ( 13,000 m ) warehouse in Hillsboro , Oregon . The stage was divided into 50 lots , which played host to nearly 150 sets . Among the sets were three miniature Victorian mansions , a 42 - foot ( 12.8 m ) apple orchard , and a model of Ashland , Oregon , including tiny details such as banners for the Oregon Shakespeare Festival . More than 28 animators worked at a time on rehearsing or shooting scenes , producing 90 -- 100 seconds of finished animation each week . To add the stereoscopy for the 3D release , the animators shot each frame from two slightly apart camera positions . </P> <P> Every object on screen was made for the film . The crew used three 3D printing systems from Objet in the development and production of the film . Thousands of high - quality 3D models , ranging from facial expressions to doorknobs , were printed in 3D using the Polyjet matrix systems , which enable the fast transformation of CAD ( computer - aided design ) drawings into high - quality 3D models . The puppets had separate parts for the upper and lower parts of the head that could be exchanged for different facial expressions . The characters of Coraline could potentially exhibit over 208,000 facial expressions . Computer artists composited separatedly - shot elements together , or added elements of their own which had to look handcrafted instead of computer - generated -- for instance , the flames were done with traditional animation and painted digitally , and the fog was dry ice . </P> <P> At its peak , the film involved the efforts of 450 people , including from 30 to 35 animators and digital designers in the Digital Design Group ( DDG ) directed by Dan Casey and more than 250 technicians and designers . One crew member , Althea Crome , was hired specifically to knit miniature sweaters and other clothing for the puppet characters , sometimes using knitting needles as thin as human hair . The clothes would also simulate wear using paint and a file . Several students from The Art Institute of Portland were also involved in making the film . </P> <P> The soundtrack for Coraline features songs composed by French composer Bruno Coulais with one , `` Other Father Song '' , by They Might Be Giants . The Other Father 's singing voice is provided by John Linnell , one of the singers from the band . They wrote 10 songs for the film ; when a melancholy tone was decided , all but one were cut . Coulais ' score was performed by the Hungarian Symphony Orchestra and features choral pieces sung by the Children 's Choir of Nice in a nonsense language . Selick mentions that the main soloist , `` a young girl you hear singing in several parts of the film '' is coincidentally named Coraline . Coraline won Coulais the 2009 Annie Award for best score for an animated feature . </P> <H2> Soundtrack </H2> <H3> Soundtrack list </H3> <Ul> <Li> `` Sirens of the Sea '' -- Performed by Michele Mariana </Li> <Li> `` Other Father Song '' -- Written and Performed by John Linnell </Li> <Li> `` Nellie Jean '' -- Performed by Kent Melton </Li> <Li> `` Dreaming '' -- Performed by Bruno Coulais , The Children 's Choir of Nice , and Teri Hatcher </Li> </Ul> <H2> Release </H2> <H3> Home media </H3> <P> The film was released in the United States on DVD and Blu - ray on July 21 , 2009 , by Universal Studios Home Entertainment . A 3 - D

The voice of the Other Mother in Coraline is

Who is the voice of the other mother in coraline?

8288075782992894495

Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree - wikipedia <H1> Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Dawn featuring Tony Orlando </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Tuneweaving </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` I Ca n't Believe How Much I Love You '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 19 February 1973 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 `` , 12 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1973 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Bell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Irwin Levine , L. Russell Brown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Hank Medress , Dave Appell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Dawn featuring Tony Orlando singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` You 're a Lady '' ( 1972 ) </Td> <Td> `` Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` Say , Has Anybody Seen My Sweet Gypsy Rose '' ( 1973 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` You 're a Lady '' ( 1972 ) </Td> <Td> `` Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` Say , Has Anybody Seen My Sweet Gypsy Rose '' ( 1973 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree '' is a song by Tony Orlando and Dawn . It was written by Irwin Levine and L. Russell Brown and produced by Hank Medress and Dave Appell , with Motown / Stax backing vocalist Telma Hopkins , Joyce Vincent Wilson and her sister Pamela Vincent on backing vocals . It was a worldwide hit for the group in 1973 . </P> <P> The single reached the top 10 in ten countries , in eight of which it topped the charts . It reached number one on both the US and UK charts for four weeks in April 1973 , number one on the Australian charts for seven weeks from May to July 1973 and number one on the New Zealand charts for ten weeks from June to August 1973 . It was the top - selling single in 1973 in both the US and UK . </P> <P> In 2008 , Billboard ranked the song as the 37th biggest song of all time in its issue celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Hot 100 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Origins of the song </Li> <Li> 3 Chart and sales performance <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 3.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Cover versions </Li> <Li> 5 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 6 Association with the People Power Revolution </Li> <Li> 7 Association with the 2014 Hong Kong Protests </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song is told from the point of view of someone who has `` done his time '' but is uncertain if he will be welcomed home . </P> <P> He writes to his love , asking her to tie a yellow ribbon around the `` ole oak tree '' in front of the house ( which the bus will pass by ) if she wants him to return to her life ; if he does not see such a ribbon , he will remain on the bus ( taking that to mean he is unwelcome ) and understand her reasons ( `` put the blame on me '' ) . He asks the bus driver to check , fearful of not seeing anything . </P> <P> To his amazement , the entire bus cheers the response -- there are 100 yellow ribbons around the tree , a sign he is very much welcome . </P> <H2> Origins of the song ( edit ) </H2> <P> This is NOT the story of a convict who had told his love to tie a ribbon book to a tree outside of town . I know because I wrote the song one morning in 15 minutes with the late lyrical genius Irwin Levine . The genesis of this idea came from the age old folk tale about a Union prisoner of war -- who sent a letter to his girl that he was coming home from a confederate POW camp in Georgia ... Anything about a criminal is pure fantasy ... </P> -- L. Russell Brown <P> The origin of the idea of a yellow ribbon as remembrance may have been the 19th - century practice that some women allegedly had of wearing a yellow ribbon in their hair to signify their devotion to a husband or sweetheart serving in the U.S. Cavalry . The song `` ' Round Her Neck She Wears a Yeller Ribbon '' , which later inspired the John Wayne movie She Wore a Yellow Ribbon , is a reference to this . The symbol of a yellow ribbon became widely known in civilian life in the 1970s as a reminder that an absent loved one , either in the military or in jail , would be welcomed home on their return . </P> <P> In October 1971 , newspaper columnist Pete Hamill wrote a piece for the New York Post called `` Going Home '' . In it , he told a variant of the story , in which college students on a bus trip to the beaches of Fort Lauderdale make friends with an ex-convict who is watching for a yellow handkerchief on a roadside oak in Brunswick , Georgia . Hamill claimed to have heard this story in oral tradition . In June 1972 , nine months later , Reader 's Digest reprinted `` Going Home '' . Also in June 1972 , ABC - TV aired a dramatized version of it in which James Earl Jones played the role of the returning ex-con . According to L. Russell Brown , he read Hamill 's story in the Reader 's Digest , and suggested to his songwriting partner Irwin Levine that they write a song based on it . Levine and Brown then registered for copyright the song which they called `` Tie a Yellow Ribbon ' Round the Ole Oak Tree '' . At the time , the writers said they heard the story while serving in the military . Pete Hamill was not convinced and filed suit for infringement . Hamill dropped his suit after folklorists working for Levine and Brown turned up archival versions of the story that had been collected before `` Going Home '' had been written . </P> <P> Levine and Brown first offered the song to Ringo Starr , but Al Steckler of Apple Records told them that they should be ashamed of the song and described it as `` ridiculous '' . </P> <H2> Chart and sales performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> In April 1973 , the recording by Dawn featuring Tony Orlando reached No. 1 in the Billboard Hot 100 ( chart date 21 April 1973 ) in the US , and stayed at No. 1 for four weeks . `` Tie A Yellow Ribbon '' sold 3 million records in the US in three weeks . It also reached No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart , and BMI calculated that radio stations had played it 3 million times from seventeen continuous years of airplay . Billboard ranked it as the No. 1 song for 1973 . It also reached No. 1 in the UK and Australia , and has sold 1 million copies in the UK . In New Zealand , the song spent 10 weeks at number one . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1973 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia ( Kent Music Report ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Wallonia ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada RPM </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denmark ( Tracklisten ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norway ( VG - lista ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Adult Contemporary ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1973 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Cash Box </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> The song enjoyed duplicate success on country radio , as a cover version by Johnny Carver . Carver 's rendition - simply titled `` Yellow Ribbon '' - was a top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in June 1973 . Carver 's version also reached Number One on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada . Musically similar , the only difference in the song is the substitution of the minor expletive `` damn '' ( in the lyric , `` Now the whole damn bus is cheering '' ) with `` darn '' . </Li> <Li> Bing Crosby recorded the song on 8 June 1973 with an orchestra conducted by Billy Byers for Daybreak Records . </Li> <Li> Also in 1973 , Jim Nabors covered the song on his album The Twelfth of Never ( Columbia KC 32377 ) . </Li> <Li> Also in 1973 , Italian singer Domenico Modugno had a minor hit in Italy with a cover in his language : `` Appendi un nastro giallo '' . The lyrics are a very faithful translation of the original , the only difference is that instead of watching the tree from a bus , the Italian singer watches it from a tram . </Li> <Li> Perry Como - included in his album And I Love You So ( 1973 ) . </Li> <Li> Dean Martin - included in his album You 're the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me ( 1973 ) . </Li> <Li> In Chile , Roberto Inglez achieved great success with his version , which was number one on the national radio for the 11 September 1973 . </Li> <Li> Lou Sino covered the song which appeared on his Now album ( 1973 ) . It was also the B side of his single , `` She 's Got to Be a Saint '' released on Bengal 112873 . </Li> <Li> Kay Starr did a version of this song on the country pop charts in 1974 hitting number 12 . </Li> <Li> Frank Sinatra included the song in his album Some Nice Things I 've Missed ( 1974 ) </Li> <Li> Max Bygraves included in his album Singalong with Max ( 1975 ) . </Li> <Li> The song was covered by

The song "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Around the Old Oak Tree" is sung by

Who sings tie a yellow ribbon around the old oak tree?

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Patience is a virtue - wikipedia <H1> Patience is a virtue </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Patience is a virtue . If an internal link led you here , you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikiquote has quotations related to : Patience </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikisource has original text related to this article : Summa Theologiae by Thomas Aquinas -- Question 136 : Of Patience </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Patience is a virtue is a proverbial phrase referring to one of the seven heavenly virtues typically said to date back to `` Psychomachia , '' an epic poem written in the fifth century . </P> <P> In popular culture , `` Patience is a Virtue '' can refer to : </P> <Ul> <Li> a 1991 single by Lois Reeves , part of the Motorcity Records singles discography </Li> <Li> a bonus track on some versions of the 2007 album Release the Stars by Rufus Wainwright </Li> <Li> a 2010 mixtape from Romeo Miller 's discography </Li> <Li> Rachel Weisz 's character Evelyn `` Evie '' Carnahan O'Connell said the phrase in The Mummy </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patience_is_a_virtue&oldid=796853892 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Disambiguation pages </Li> <Li> Proverbs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All article disambiguation pages </Li> <Li> All disambiguation pages </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 23 August 2017 , at 12 : 57 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The phrase "patience is a virtue" originates from

Where does patience is a virtue come from?

-3527567175577846943

Attack on Pearl Harbor - wikipedia <H1> Attack on Pearl Harbor </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Coordinates : 21 ° 22 ′ N 157 ° 57 ′ W  /  21.367 ° N 157.950 ° W  / 21.367 ; - 157.950 </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Attack on Pearl Harbor </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Part of the Asia and the Pacific Theater of World War II </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Photograph of Battleship Row taken from a Japanese plane at the beginning of the attack . The explosion in the center is a torpedo strike on USS West Virginia . Two attacking Japanese planes can be seen : one over USS Neosho and one over the Naval Yard . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> December 7 , 1941 ; 76 years ago ( 1941 - 12 - 07 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Primarily Pearl Harbor , Hawaii Territory , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> <P> Major Japanese tactical victory ; precipitated the entrance of the United States into World War II </P> <Ul> <Li> See consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ADM Husband E. Kimmel LTG Walter Short </Td> <Td> VADM Chūichi Nagumo ADM Isoroku Yamamoto CDR Mitsuo Fuchida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 battleships 8 cruisers 30 destroyers 4 submarines 3 USCG Cutters 47 other ships ≈ 390 aircraft </Td> <Td> Mobile Unit : 6 aircraft carriers 2 battleships 2 heavy cruisers 1 light cruiser 9 destroyers 8 tankers 23 fleet submarines 5 midget submarines 414 aircraft </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 battleships sunk 4 battleships damaged 2 other ships sunk 3 cruisers damaged 3 destroyers damaged 3 other ships damaged 188 aircraft destroyed 159 aircraft damaged 2,335 killed 1,143 wounded </Td> <Td> 4 midget submarines sunk 1 midget submarine grounded 29 aircraft destroyed 64 killed 1 sailor captured </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Civilian casualties 68 killed 35 wounded 3 aircraft shot down </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Hawaiian Islands Campaign </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Pearl Harbor </Li> <Li> Niihau </Li> <Li> 1st Midway </Li> <Li> Johnston and Palmyra </Li> <Li> 2nd Midway </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 3rd Midway </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Japanese offensives , 1940 -- 1942 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> French Indochina </Li> <Li> Thailand </Li> <Li> Malaya </Li> <Li> Borneo </Li> <Li> Pearl Harbor </Li> <Li> Hong Kong </Li> <Li> Philippines </Li> <Li> Guam </Li> <Li> Wake </Li> <Li> Dutch East Indies </Li> <Li> New Guinea </Li> <Li> Singapore </Li> <Li> Burma </Li> <Li> Australia </Li> <Li> Indian Ocean </Li> <Li> Solomons </Li> <Li> Coral Sea </Li> <Li> North America </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Pacific War </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Central Pacific <Ul> <Li> Hawaii </Li> <Li> Marshalls - Gilberts raids </Li> <Li> Doolittle Raid </Li> <Li> Coral Sea </Li> <Li> Midway </Li> <Li> RY </Li> <Li> Solomons </Li> <Li> Gilberts & Marshalls </Li> <Li> Marianas & Palau </Li> <Li> Volcano & Ryukyu </Li> <Li> Truk </Li> </Ul> <P> Southeast Asia </P> <Ul> <Li> Indochina ( 1940 ) </Li> <Li> Indian Ocean ( 1940 -- 45 ) </Li> <Li> Philippines 1941 -- 42 </Li> <Li> Franco - Thai War </Li> <Li> Thailand </Li> <Li> Dutch East Indies </Li> <Li> Malaya </Li> <Li> Hong Kong </Li> <Li> Singapore </Li> <Li> Indochina ( 1945 ) </Li> <Li> Malacca Strait </Li> <Li> Jurist </Li> <Li> Tiderace </Li> <Li> Zipper </Li> <Li> Strategic bombing ( 1944 -- 45 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Burma </P> <Ul> <Li> Burma ( 1941 -- 42 ) </Li> <Li> Burma ( 1942 -- 43 ) </Li> <Li> Burma ( 1944 ) </Li> <Li> Burma ( 1944 -- 45 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Southwest Pacific </P> <Ul> <Li> Dutch East Indies 1941 -- 42 </Li> <Li> Portuguese Timor </Li> <Li> Australia </Li> <Li> New Guinea </Li> <Li> Philippines 1944 -- 45 </Li> <Li> Borneo 1945 </Li> </Ul> <P> North America </P> <Ul> <Li> Attack on Pearl Harbor </Li> <Li> Ellwood </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> Aleutian Islands </Li> <Li> Estevan Point Lighthouse </Li> <Li> Fort Stevens </Li> <Li> Lookout Air Raids </Li> <Li> Fire balloon </Li> <Li> Project Hula </Li> <Li> PX </Li> </Ul> <P> Japan </P> <Ul> <Li> Air raids </Li> <Li> Mariana Islands </Li> <Li> Volcano & Ryukyu Is </Li> <Li> Tokyo </Li> <Li> Starvation </Li> <Li> Naval bombardments </Li> <Li> Yokosuka </Li> <Li> Sagami Bay </Li> <Li> Kure </Li> <Li> Downfall </Li> <Li> Hiroshima & Nagasaki </Li> <Li> Kurils </Li> <Li> Karafuto </Li> <Li> Japanese surrender </Li> </Ul> <P> Manchuria </P> <Ul> <Li> Kantokuen </Li> <Li> Manchuria ( 1945 ) </Li> <Li> Mutanchiang </Li> <Li> Sakhalin Island </Li> <Li> Kuril Islands </Li> <Li> Shumshu </Li> </Ul> Second Sino - Japanese War </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor , Hawaii Territory , on the morning of December 7 , 1941 . The attack , also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor , led to the United States ' entry into World War II . The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI , and as Operation Z during its planning . </P> <P> Japan intended the attack as a preventive action to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions that were planned in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , and the United States . Over the next seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S. - held Philippines , Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya , Singapore , and Hong Kong . </P> <P> The attack commenced at 7 : 48 a.m. Hawaiian Time ( 18 : 18 GMT ) . The base was attacked by 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft ( including fighters , level and dive bombers , and torpedo bombers ) in two waves , launched from six aircraft carriers . All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged , with four sunk . All but the USS Arizona were later raised , and six were returned to service and went on to fight in the war . The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers , three destroyers , an anti-aircraft training ship , and one minelayer . One hundred eighty - eight U.S. aircraft were destroyed ; 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 others were wounded . Important base installations such as the power station , dry dock , shipyard , maintenance , and fuel and torpedo storage facilities , as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building ( also home of the intelligence section ) , were not attacked . Japanese losses were light : 29 aircraft and five midget submarines lost , and 64 servicemen killed . One Japanese sailor , Kazuo Sakamaki , was captured . </P> <P> The surprise attack came as a profound shock to the American people and led directly to the American entry into World War II in both the Pacific and European theaters . The following day , December 8 , the United States declared war on Japan , and several days later , on December 11 , Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. The U.S. responded with a declaration of war against Germany and Italy . Domestic support for non-interventionism , which had been fading since the Fall of France in 1940 , disappeared . </P> <P> There were numerous historical precedents for unannounced military action by Japan , but the lack of any formal warning , particularly while negotiations were still apparently ongoing , led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to proclaim December 7 , 1941 , `` a date which will live in infamy '' . Because the attack happened without a declaration of war and without explicit warning , the attack on Pearl Harbor was later judged in the Tokyo Trials to be a war crime . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background to conflict <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Diplomatic background </Li> <Li> 1.2 Military planning </Li> <Li> 1.3 Objectives </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Approach and attack <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Submarines </Li> <Li> 2.2 Japanese declaration of war </Li> <Li> 2.3 First wave composition </Li> <Li> 2.4 Second wave composition </Li> <Li> 2.5 American casualties and damage </Li> <Li> 2.6 Japanese losses </Li> <Li> 2.7 Possible third wave </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Ships lost or damaged <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Battleships </Li> <Li> 3.2 Ex-battleship ( target / AA training ship ) </Li> <Li> 3.3 Cruisers </Li> <Li> 3.4 Destroyers </Li> <Li> 3.5 Auxiliaries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Salvage </Li> <Li> 5 Aftermath <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Niihau Incident </Li> <Li> 5.2 Strategic implications </Li> <Li> 5.3 Retrospective debate on American intelligence </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Background to conflict </H2> Main article : Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor <H3> Diplomatic background </H3> <P> War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation had been aware of ( and developed contingency plans for ) since the 1920s , though tensions did not begin to grow seriously until Japan 's 1931 invasion of Manchuria . Over the next decade , Japan continued to expand into China , leading to all - out war between those countries in 1937 . Japan spent considerable effort trying to isolate China and achieve sufficient resource independence to attain victory on the mainland ; the `` Southern Operation '' was designed to assist these efforts . </P> Pearl Harbor on October 30 , 1941 , looking southwest <P> From December 1937 , events such as the Japanese attack on USS Panay , the Allison incident , and the Nanking Massacre ( the International Military Tribunal of the Far East concluded that more than 200,000 Chinese non-combatants were killed in indiscriminate massacres , though other estimates have ranged from 40,000 to more than 300,000 ) swung public opinion in the West sharply against Japan . Fearing Japanese expansion , the United States , the United Kingdom , and France provided loan assistance for war supply contracts to China . </P> <P> In 1940 , Japan invaded French Indochina in an effort to control supplies reaching China . The United States halted shipments of airplanes , parts , machine tools , and aviation gasoline to Japan , which was perceived by Japan as an unfriendly act . The U.S. did not stop oil exports to Japan at that time in part because prevailing sentiment in Washington was that such an action would be an extreme step that Japan would likely consider a provocation , given Japanese dependence on U.S. oil . </P> <P> Early in 1941 , President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved the Pacific Fleet to Hawaii from its previous base in San Diego and ordered a military buildup in the Philippines in the hope of discouraging Japanese aggression in the Far East . Because the Japanese high command was ( mistakenly ) certain that any attack on the UK 's Southeast Asian colonies , including Singapore , would bring the U.S. into war , a devastating preventive strike appeared to be the only way to avoid U.S. naval interference . An invasion of the Philippines was also considered necessary by Japanese war planners . The U.S. War Plan Orange had envisioned defending the Philippines with a 40,000 - man elite force . This was opposed by Douglas MacArthur , who felt that he would need a force ten times that size , and was never implemented . By 1941 , U.S. planners anticipated abandonment

The attack on Pearl Harbor took place

Why did the attack on pearl harbor take place?

8928073773307888946

<Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Rocky Road '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Once Upon a Time episode </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Episode no . </Th> <Td> Season 4 Episode 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Morgan Beggs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> David H. Goodman & Jerome Schwartz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production code </Th> <Td> 403 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Td> October 12 , 2014 ( 2014 - 10 - 12 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Guest appearance ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Scott Michael Foster as Kristoff Bjorgman </Li> <Li> Georgina Haig as Elsa </Li> <Li> Elizabeth Mitchell as The Snow Queen </Li> <Li> Tyler Jacob Moore as Hans </Li> <Li> Beverly Elliott as Granny </Li> <Li> Raphael Sbarge as Jiminy Cricket / Archie Hopper </Li> <Li> Sean Maguire as Robin Hood </Li> <Li> Lee Arenberg as Grumpy / Leroy </Li> <Li> Raphael Alejandro as Roland </Li> <Li> Christie Laing as Marian </Li> <Li> Nil Hognestad as Franz </Li> <Li> Charles Raaul Singh as General </Li> <Li> Marcus Rosner as Jurgen </Li> <Li> Mark Goldman as Sven ( voice ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Episode chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> ← Previous `` White Out '' </Td> <Td> Next → `` The Apprentice '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Once Upon a Time ( season 4 ) List of Once Upon a Time episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Rocky Road '' is the third episode of the fourth season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time , which aired on October 12 , 2014 . </P> <P> In this episode Elsa is framed , while flashbacks show Elsa meeting her aunt , The Snow Queen . </P> <P> This episode marks the introduction of Michael Socha as Will Scarlet to the main cast , who recently featured in the spin - off series Once Upon a Time in Wonderland . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Opening sequence </Li> <Li> 1.2 Event chronology </Li> <Li> 1.3 In the Characters ' Past </Li> <Li> 1.4 In Storybrooke </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Production </Li> <Li> 3 Cultural references </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Ratings </Li> <Li> 4.2 Reviews </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Opening sequence ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Snow Queen 's ice cream shop , `` Any Given Sundae '' , is shown in the forest . </P> <H3> Event chronology ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Arendelle events take place after `` A Tale of Two Sisters '' . The Storybrooke events take place after `` White Out '' . </P> <H3> In the characters ' past ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the wake of her sister Anna heading off towards Misthaven , a concerned Elsa ( Georgina Haig ) is now panicking over her sister 's mission , even as Kristoff ( Scott Michael Foster ) tells her that her kingdom needs her more than Anna does right now . Elsa then receives news that Prince Hans ( Tyler Jacob Moore ) is leading an army straight to Arendelle , so she has to stay and prevent him from attempting to take control of the kingdom once again . While spying on the former regent and his 12 brothers , Kristoff discovers that Hans has brought with him a sketch of an urn that once it is in use , will be able to trap people . Kristoff , fearing that he will use the urn on Elsa so he can take over Arendelle , returns to warn Elsa , who decides to follow Kristoff along after he volunteers to go after Hans before he carries out his plot . </P> <P> Hours later , and after making a trek towards a cave , Elsa and Kristoff discover the urn that was kept hidden . When Elsa discovers an unfamiliar language encrypted on the item , it leads to confusion between her and Kristoff over whether to destroy it or not , only to be caught off guard by Hans and his brothers , who then takes a sword to Kristoff and demand that Elsa drop the urn or he 'll kill him . After Elsa gives in , she hands over the urn to Hans , thens warns Kristoff to search for Anna . Hans then opens the urn to trap Elsa , only to discover that a person is already inside : The Snow Queen . After she is unleashed , The Snow Queen , upset over Hans calling Elsa a monster , freezes him and his brothers flee the cave . The Snow Queen then returns to the palace to get to know Elsa , and reveals to her that she is her aunt after she looks at a portrait of Elsa 's parents . She also tells Elsa about finding others like them who may have met the same fate as her . </P> <H3> In Storybrooke ( edit ) </H3> <P> Elsa has literally frozen Storybrooke , and hopes to find her sister , Anna ( Elizabeth Lail ) . She accompanies Emma Swan ( Jennifer Morrison ) to try to break down the wall of ice she created around Storybrooke , but her powers are n't strong enough to melt the barrier . The two , along with Hook , pay Gold a visit and to find out if he has known Anna based on the necklace Elsa found in his pawn shop . Belle uses the fake dagger to `` command '' Gold to tell the truth but it fails , as he knows nothing about Elsa or Anna , and wishes them the best of luck finding her . At the same time , Robin Hood ( Sean Maguire ) , Marian , and Roland visit `` Any Given Sundae , '' where the Snow Queen ( Elizabeth Mitchell ) serves them ice cream , but unknown to them she casts a spell on the ice cream cone that she gave Marian . Afterwards , the family joins the other residents at the Mayor 's office , as Mary Margaret ( Ginnifer Goodwin ) , who is still trying to balance both maternal and mayoral duties , is holding the first annual `` Mayor 's Fireside Chat , '' where she assures the citizens that they are no longer afraid of Regina 's influence , but it appears that they want Mary Margaret to do something about the town 's snowy fiasco . Mary Margaret then tells the residents about Elsa 's presence in Storybrooke and is trying to reassure everyone that she is not dangerous , only to have Marian beginning to start feeling as if something was glossing over her and she passes out . Elsa 's presence has also resulted in her becoming a prime suspect , and with her heart slowly freezing , a cure must be found before Marian 's heart completely freezes and kills her . The Storybrooke residents blame Elsa , who is being framed by the Snow Queen for the icy cold mayhem . With the entire town ready to go after their newest addition , Emma ( who starts to question her abilities as `` The Savior '' ) and Hook decide to hide Elsa at the sheriff 's office while she and David search for the real suspect . </P> <P> Later on , Emma and David ( Josh Dallas ) arrive to Robin Hood 's campsite in the forest , and as Emma draws her gun and orders whoever is inside the tent to come out , she encounters former Merry Man Will Scarlet ( Michael Socha ) and she demands to know who he is , but as he about to escape David catches him . Will tells the two that he does n't know anything about the ice wall around Storybrooke , but reveals that he went into the ice cream parlor while the electricity was out , and saw that despite the blackout , the products in the back were still frozen . When they arrive at the shop , however , they find the kitchen area in deep freezing temperatures , but Will sneaks off and take the money from the register . Meanwhile , Hook decides to take Elsa to Gold 's Pawn Shop instead , where he tells his former archenemy that he knows about the Dagger of Kris that Gold still has in his possession , and promises to keep it a secret , but only on the condition that they find out where they can locate the real suspect , and hopefully , find Anna . Using a piece of Marian 's hair strands , Gold casts a spell to serve as a tracer to origin of the freezing spell cast on it . Elsa and Hook are able to trace it back to the Snow Queen in the forest , but as Hook tries to contact Emma with a cellphone , and later by person , the Snow Queen traps Hook 's legs in ice , and when she tries to kill Hook with sharp icicles , she tells Elsa that she neutralized her powers , to keep her from interfering . Then , she discovers that Elsa has lost her memories . She tells Elsa that the Rock Trolls wiped her memory , while trying to convince her that it was Anna who had placed her in the urn . As the Snow Queen prepares to use an ice attack on Hook , Emma arrives just in time to use her powers , allowing the Snow Queen to get away upon getting distracted by helping David free Hook before the large icicles could fall on him . Emma was surprised that the Snow Queen knew Emma 's name , but Elsa suspects that the Snow Queen might be lying about her remembering their past experience and about her past with Emma , although Emma assures Elsa they 'll find out together . Later that night , the Snow Queen is approached by Gold , who asks if Emma remembers her . As it turns out , Gold tells her that Emma will remember her eventually , but when he asked if she needs his help , the Snow Queen declined , and stated that when she 's ready to make a deal , she 'll come to him . Gold says that he eagerly awaits that moment and walks away . As Emma tries to remember her past encounter with the Snow Queen , Hook confronts her , and explains that after losing Neal , Graham and Walsh , she did not want to lose Hook either . They then share a kiss together . </P> <P> While all this is going on , Regina and Henry team up to attempt to find out the identity of who the fairytale book author is . Before they can do that , Robin arrives to tell Regina about Marian 's frozen state . As Regina is quick to suspect Elsa , as she believes that darker magic is behind this but Elsa denies it to Regina . They believe a true love kiss will wake Marian up , but after Robin kisses her , nothing happens . David and Henry surmise that the cold is creating a barrier , preventing the kiss from working , like when Frederick was turned into gold . Later on that evening , Robin confesses that he knows why the kiss did not work , although he kissed Marian , he 's still in love with Regina . Regina then tells Henry to bring her a box and pulls her heart out before her body freezes , indicating it is alive and promises Robin that she will find a cure for his wife . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> This episode is named after the ice cream flavor that the Snow Queen gives to

In the TV show "Once Upon a Time", Elsa's aunt is played by

Who plays elsa's aunt in once upon a time?

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<Th> Student wing </Th> <Td> AIMSF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Paramilitary wing </Th> <Td> Khaki </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ideology </Th> <Td> Pan-Islamism conservatism Two - nation theory Civil rights for Muslims in India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Religion </Th> <Td> Islam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> International affiliation </Th> <Td> All -- India Muslim League ( London Chapter ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Election symbol </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Crescent and Star </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Politics of India </Li> <Li> Political parties </Li> <Li> Elections </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The All - India Muslim League ( popularised as Muslim League ) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire . Its strong advocacy for the establishment of a separate Muslim - majority nation - state , Pakistan , successfully led to the partition of British India in 1947 by the British Empire . The party arose out of a literary movement begun at The Aligarh Muslim University in which Syed Ahmad Khan was a central figure . Sir Syed had founded , in 1886 , the Muhammadan Educational Conference , but a self - imposed ban prevented it from discussing politics . In December 1906 conference in Dhaka , attended by 3,000 delegates , the conference removed the ban and adopted a resolution to form an All Indian Muslim League political party . Its original political goal was to define and advance the Indian Muslim 's civil rights and to provide protection to the upper and gentry class of Indian Muslims . It remained an elitist organisation until 1937 , when the leadership began mobilising the Muslim masses and the League then became a popular organisation . </P> <P> Following in the 1930s , the idea of a separate nation - state and influential philosopher Sir Muhammad Iqbal 's vision of uniting the four provinces in North - West British India further supported the rationale of two - nation theory . Constitutional struggle of Jinnah and political struggle of founding fathers , the Muslim League played a decisive role in World War II in the 1940s and as the driving force behind the division of India along religious lines and the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state in 1947 . The events leading the World War II , the Congress effective protest against the United Kingdom unilaterally involving India in the war without consulting with the Indian people ; the Muslim League went on to support the British war efforts , and later agitated against the Congress with the cry of `` Islam in Danger '' . </P> <P> After the partition and subsequent establishment of Pakistan , the Muslim League continued as a minor party in India where it was often part of the government . In Bangladesh , the Muslim League was revived in 1976 but it was reduced , rendering it insignificant in the political arena . In India Indian Union Muslim League and in Pakistan , the Pakisthan Muslim League became the original successors of the All - India Muslim League . Under the leadership Of Qaede millath Muhammad Ismail Sahib Muslim league is reconstituted in India. The founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah ( and after Jinnah 's death by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan ) , but suffered with ill - fate following the military intervention in 1958 . One of its faction remained to supportive of President Ayub Khan until 1962 when the all factions decided to reform into the Pakistan Muslim League led by Nurul Amin supporting Fatima Jinnah in the presidential elections in 1965 . Furthermore , it was the only party to have received votes from both East and West Pakistan during the elections held in 1970 . During the successive periods of Pakistan , the Muslim League continued to be a ruling party in the different periods of Pakistan . </P> <P> Since 1985 , the Pakistan Muslim League split into various factions ; all factions which had little ideological connection with the original Muslim League . However , the PML - N remains to be influential faction than others , and has been in power during the elections held in 1990 and in the 1997 . As of current of 2013 elections , the PML - N remains to be a ruling party of Pakistan . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Foundation </Li> <Li> 2 Early years </Li> <Li> 3 Communalism grows </Li> <Li> 4 Conception of Pakistan </Li> <Li> 5 Campaign for Pakistan </Li> <Li> 6 Impact on the future courses of Subcontinent <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Pakistan </Li> <Li> 6.2 India </Li> <Li> 6.3 Bangladesh </Li> <Li> 6.4 United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Historical versions </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Foundation ( edit ) </H2> The AIME Conference in 1906 , held at the Ahsan Manzil palace of the Dhaka Nawab Family , laid the foundation of the Muslim League . <P> The All - India Muslim League ( AIML ) was formed with the help from the reformist Syed Ahmad Khan . His strong advocacy for British education and political activism had inspired Subhan Muslims to support the cause for the AIML . Originally hosting the All - India Muhammadan Educational Conference in 1886 in a vision to uplift the cause for the British education especially science and literature , among India 's Muslims . The conference , in addition to generating funds for Sir Syed 's Aligarh Muslim University ( AMU ) , motivated Muslim upper class to propose expansion of educational uplift elsewhere , known as the Aligarh Movement . In turn this new awareness of Muslim needs helped stimulate a political consciousness among Muslim elites that went on to form the AIML . </P> <P> The formation of a Subhan political party on national level was seen as essential by 1901 . The first stage of its formation was the meeting held at Lucknow in September 1906 , with participation of representatives from all over India . The decision for re-consideration to form the all Indian Muslim political party was taken and further proceedings were adjourned until the next meeting of All India Muhammadan Educational Conference . The Simla Deputation reconsidered the issue in October 1906 and decided to frame the objectives of the party on the occasion of the annual meeting of Educational Conference ; that was later , scheduled to be held at Dhaka . Meanwhile , Nawab Salimullah Khan published a detailed scheme through which he suggested the party to be named All - India Muslim Confederacy . Pursuant upon the decisions taken earlier in Lucknow meeting and later in Simla ; the annual meeting of the All - India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held at Dhaka that continued from 27 December , until 30 December 1906 . that was headed by both Nawab Waqar - ul - Mulk and Nawab Muhasan - ul - Mulk ( the Secretary of the Muhammaden Educational Conference ) ; in which he explained its objectives and stressed the unity of the Muslims under the banner of an association . It was formally proposed by Nawab Salimullah Khan and supported by Hakim Ajmal Khan , Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar , Zafar Ali Khan , Syed Nabiullah Bar at Law Lucknow and Syed Zahur Ahmad an eminent lawyer and several others . The political party was established at the end of the conference . The Founding meeting was hosted by Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah and attended by three thousand delegates , while Ameer Ali , Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi were also the founding fathers who attended this meeting . The name `` All - India Muslim League '' was proposed by Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi . Sir Agha Khan III was appointed its first president . Fifty eight delegates from all over the Subcontinent were the founding members of League . The League 's constitution was framed in 1907 in Karachi . In 1910 , Nawaab Syed Shamsul Huda selected as the president of the party . </P> <H2> Early years ( edit ) </H2> <P> Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah ( Aga Khan III ) was appointed the first Honorary President of the Muslim League . The headquarters were established at Lucknow . There were also six vice-presidents , a secretary and two joint secretaries initially appointed for a three - years term , proportionately from different provinces . The principles of the League were espoused in the `` Green Book , '' which included the organisation 's constitution , written by Maulana Mohammad Ali . Its goals at this stage did not include establishing an independent Muslim state , but rather concentrated on protecting Muslim liberties and rights , promoting understanding between the Muslim community and other Indians , educating the Muslim and Indian community at large on the actions of the government , and discouraging violence . </P> <P> Aga Khan III ( 1877 -- 1957 ) played a leading role in founding AIML ; his goal was the advancement of Muslim agendas and protection of Muslim rights in India . He shared Ahmad Khan 's belief that Muslims should first build up their social capital through advanced education before engaging in politics . Agha Khan boldly told the British Raj that Muslims must be considered a separate nation within India . Even after he resigned as president of the AIML in 1912 , he still exerted major influence on its policies and agendas . in 1913 Mohammed Ali Jinnah joined the Muslim league . </P> <P> Intellectual support and a cadre of young activists emerged from Aligarh Muslim University . Hasan reports that in the early 20th century , this Muslim institution , designed to prepare students for service to the British Raj , exploded into political activity . Until 1939 , the faculty and students supported an all - India nationalist movement . After 1939 , however , sentiment shifted dramatically toward a Muslim separatist movement , as students and faculty mobilised behind Jinnah and the Muslim League . </P> <H2> Communalism grows ( edit ) </H2> <P> Politically there was a degree of unity between Muslim and Hindu leaders after World War I , as typified by the Khilafat Movement . Relationships cooled sharply after that campaign ended in 1922 . Communalism grew rapidly , forcing the two groups apart . Major riots broke out in numerous cities , including 91 in U.P. alone . At the leadership level , the proportion of Muslims among delegates to Congress fell sharply , from 11 % in 1921 to under 4 % in 1924 . </P> <P> Muhammad Ali Jinnah became disillusioned with politics after the failure of his attempt to form a Hindu - Muslim alliance , and he spent most of the 1920s in Britain . The leadership of the League was taken over by , Sir Muhammad Iqbal , who in 1930 first put forward the demand for a separate Muslim state in India . The `` Two - Nation Theory '' , the belief that Hindus and Muslims were two different nations who could not live in one country , gained popularity among Muslims . The two - state solution was rejected by the Congress leaders , who favoured a united India based on composite national identity . Congress at all times rejected `` communalism '' -- that is , basing politics on religious identity . Iqbal 's policy of uniting the North - West Frontier Province , Baluchistan , Punjab , and Sindh into a new Muslim majority state became part of the League 's political platform . </P> <P> The League rejected the Committee report ( the Nehru Report ) , arguing that it gave too little representation ( only one quarter ) to Muslims , established Devanagari as the official language of the colony , and demanded that India turn into a de facto unitary state , with residuary powers resting at the centre -- the League had demanded at least one - third representation in the legislature and

The first session of the Muslim League was held in

Where was held the first session of muslim league?

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Eragon - wikipedia <H1> Eragon </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the novel by Christopher Paolini . For other uses of the name , see Eragon ( disambiguation ) . For the historical kingdom and region of modern Spain , see Aragon . For the J.R.R. Tolkien character , see Aragorn . <Table> Eragon <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Knopf edition cover by John Jude Palencar , featuring the blue dragon Saphira </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Christopher Paolini </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cover artist </Th> <Td> John Jude Palencar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Series </Th> <Td> Inheritance Cycle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Young adult Fantasy novel Dystopia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Paolini LLC ( first edition ) , Alfred A. Knopf </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 2002 ( first edition ) , August 26 , 2003 ( Knopf ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Print ( hardback & paperback ) and audio - CD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> 509 ( Knopf ) 544 ( Paolini LLC ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISBN </Th> <Td> 0 - 375 - 82668 - 8 ( First Knopf edition ) ISBN 0 - 9666213 - 3 - 6 ( Paolini LLC ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OCLC </Th> <Td> 52251450 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dewey Decimal </Th> <Td> ( Fic ) 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> LC Class </Th> <Td> PZ7. P19535 Er 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Followed by </Th> <Td> Eldest </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Copies sold : 24.55 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Eragon is the first novel in the Inheritance Cycle by Christopher Paolini . After writing the first draft for a year , Paolini spent a second year rewriting and fleshing out the story and characters . His parents saw the final manuscript and in 2001 decided to self - publish Eragon ; Paolini spent a year traveling around the United States promoting the novel . By chance , the book was discovered by Carl Hiaasen , who got it re-published by Alfred A. Knopf . The re-published version was released on August 26 , 2003 . </P> <P> The book tells the story of a farm boy named Eragon , who finds a mysterious stone in the mountains . Not knowing the stone 's origin or worth , he attempts to use it as payment to a butcher . A dragon he later names Saphira hatches from the stone , which was really an egg . When the evil King Galbatorix finds out the general location of the egg he sends the Ra'zac to acquire it . By that time Saphira had been growing for a while and takes Eragon to the Spine after Ra'zac appear in their village Carvahall . Eragon and Saphira are forced to flee from their hometown , with a storyteller called Brom , and decide to search for the Varden , a group of rebels who want the downfall of Galbatorix . </P> <P> Critics of Eragon often point out its similarities to other works such as Earthsea , Dragonlance , and Star Wars . Reviewers have also called the book a notable achievement for such a young author as Paolini . </P> <P> Eragon was the third - best - selling children 's hardback book of 2003 , and the second - best - selling paperback of 2005 . It placed on the New York Times Children 's Books Best Seller list for 121 weeks and was adapted as a feature film of the same name that was released on December 15 , 2006 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Origins and publication </Li> <Li> 1.2 Inspiration and influences </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Plot summary </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 Film adaptation </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Origins and publication ( edit ) </H3> <P> Christopher Paolini started reading fantasy books when he was 10 years old . At the age of 14 , as a hobby , he started writing the first novel in a series of four books , but he could not get beyond a few pages because he had `` no idea '' where he was going . He began reading everything he could about the `` art of writing '' , and then plotted the whole Inheritance Cycle book series . After a month of planning out the series , he started writing the draft of Eragon by hand . It was finished a year later , and Paolini began writing the `` real '' version of the book . After another year of editing , Paolini 's parents saw the final manuscript . They immediately saw its potential and decided to publish the book through their small , home - based publishing company , Paolini International . Paolini created the cover art for this edition of Eragon , which featured Saphira 's eye on the cover . He also drew the maps inside the book . </P> <P> Paolini and his family toured across the United States promoting the book . Over 135 talks were given at bookshops , libraries , and schools , many with Paolini dressed up in a medieval costume ; but the book did not receive much attention . Paolini said he `` would stand behind a table in my costume talking all day without a break -- and would sell maybe forty books in eight hours if I did really well . ( ... ) It was a very stressful experience . I could n't have gone on for very much longer . '' In the summer of 2002 , American novelist Carl Hiaasen was on vacation in one of the cities that Paolini gave a talk in . While there , Hiaasen 's stepson bought a copy of Eragon that he `` immediately loved '' . He showed it to Hiaasen , who brought the book to the attention of the publishing house Alfred A. Knopf . Michelle Frey , executive editor at Knopf , contacted Paolini and his family to ask if they were interested in having Knopf publish Eragon . The answer was yes , and after another round of editing , Knopf published Eragon in August 2003 , with a new cover , drawn by John Jude Palencar . </P> <H3> Inspiration and influences ( edit ) </H3> An illustration of Beowulf fighting the dragon ( 1908 ) . Paolini received much inspiration from old epic poems . <P> Paolini cites old myths , folk tales , medieval stories , the epic poem Beowulf , and authors J.R.R. Tolkien and Eric Rücker Eddison as his biggest influences in writing . Other literary influences include David Eddings , Andre Norton , Brian Jacques , Anne McCaffrey , Raymond E. Feist , Mervyn Peake , Ursula K. Le Guin , Frank Herbert , Philip Pullman , and Garth Nix . In Eragon , Paolini `` deliberately '' included the `` archetypal ingredients '' of a fantasy book -- a quest , a journey of experience , revenge , romance , betrayal , and a `` special '' sword . </P> <P> The ancient language used by the elves in Eragon is based `` almost entirely '' on Old Norse , German , Anglo Saxon , and Russian myth . Paolini commented : `` ( I ) did a god - awful amount of research into the subject when I was composing it . I found that it gave the world a much richer feel , a much older feel , using these words that had been around for centuries and centuries . I had a lot of fun with that . '' Picking the right names for the characters and places was a process that could take `` days , weeks , or even years '' . Paolini said : `` if I have difficulty choosing the correct moniker , I use a placeholder name until a replacement suggests itself . '' He added that he was `` really lucky '' with the name Eragon , `` because it 's just dragon with one letter changed . '' Also , Paolini commented that he thought of both parts of the name `` Eragon '' - `` era '' and `` gone '' - as if the name itself changes the era in which the character lives . He thought the name fit the book perfectly , but some of the other names caused him `` real headaches '' . </P> Paolini received inspiration from Paradise Valley , Montana ( Emigrant Peak pictured , as viewed from west bank of Yellowstone River ) <P> The landscape in Eragon is based on the `` wild territory '' of Paolini 's home state , Montana . He said in an interview : `` I go hiking a lot , and oftentimes when I 'm in the forest or in the mountains , sitting down and seeing some of those little details makes the difference between having an okay description and having a unique description . '' Paolini also said that Paradise Valley , Montana is `` one of the main sources '' of his inspiration for the landscape in the book ( Eragon takes place in the fictional continent Alagaësia ) . Paolini `` roughed out '' the main history of the land before he wrote the book , but he did not draw a map of it until it became important to see where Eragon was traveling . He then started to get history and plot ideas from seeing the landscape depicted . </P> <P> Paolini chose to have Eragon mature throughout the book because , `` for one thing , it 's one of the archetypal fantasy elements '' . He thought Eragon 's growth and maturation throughout the book `` sort of mirrored my own growing abilities as a writer and as a person , too . So it was a very personal choice for that book . '' Eragon 's dragon , Saphira , was imagined as `` the perfect friend '' by Paolini . He decided to go in a more `` human direction '' with her because she is raised away from her own species , in `` close mental contact '' with a human . `` I considered making the dragon more dragon - like , if you will , in its own society , but I have n't had a chance to explore that . I went with a more human element with Saphira while still trying to get a bit of the magic , the alien , of her race . '' Paolini made Saphira the `` best friend anyone could have : loyal , funny , brave , intelligent , and noble . She transcended that , however , and became her own person , fiercely independent and proud . '' Saphira 's blue tinted vision was in turn inspired by Paolini 's own color - blindness . </P> <P> Paolini added in archetypal elements of a fantasy novel like a quest , a journey of experience , revenge , romance , betrayal , and a `` special '' sword . The book is described as a fantasy , and Booklist observed : `` Paolini knows the genre well -- his lush tale is full of recognizable fantasy elements and conventions '' . Kirkus Review called the book a `` high fantasy '' ; other reviewers have compared it to other books of the fantasy genre , such as Star Wars and Lord of the Rings , and in some instances stated Eragon 's plot is too similar to those other fantasy novels . </P> <H2> Plot summary ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of Inheritance Cycle characters <P> A shade named Durza , along with a group of urgals , ambushes a party of three elves . After he and the

The name of the dragon in Eragon is

What is the name of the dragon in eragon?

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, commonly known as the emerald ash borer , is a green buprestid or jewel beetle native to northeastern Asia that feeds on ash species . Females lay eggs in bark crevices on ash trees , and larvae feed underneath the bark of ash trees to emerge as adults in one to two years . In its native range , it is typically found at low densities and does not cause significant damage to trees native to the area . Outside its native range , it is an invasive species and is highly destructive to ash trees native to northwest Europe and North America . Prior to being found in North America , very little was known about emerald ash borer in its native range ; this has resulted in much of the research on its biology being focused in North America . Local governments in North America are attempting to control it by monitoring its spread , diversifying tree species , insecticides , and biological control . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Identification </Li> <Li> 3 Life cycle </Li> <Li> 4 Range </Li> <Li> 5 Host plants </Li> <Li> 6 As an invasive species <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Invasiveness and spread </Li> <Li> 6.2 Environmental and economic impacts </Li> <Li> 6.3 Monitoring </Li> <Li> 6.4 Management <Ul> <Li> 6.4. 1 Quarantine and tree removal </Li> <Li> 6.4. 2 Insecticides </Li> <Li> 6.4. 3 Biological control </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The French priest and naturalist Armand David collected a specimen of the species during one of the trips he took through imperial China in the 1860s and 1870s . He found the beetle in Beijing and sent it back to France , where the first brief description of Agrilus planipennis by the entomologist Léon Fairmaire was published in the Revue d'Entomologie in 1888 . Unaware of Fairmaire 's description , a separate description naming the species as Agrilus marcopoli was published in 1930 by Jan Obenberger . </P> <H2> Identification ( edit ) </H2> <P> Adult beetles are typically bright metallic green and about 8.5 millimeters ( 0.33 in ) long and 1.6 millimeters ( 0.063 in ) wide . Elytra are typically a darker green , but can also have copper hues . Emerald ash borer is the only North American species of Agrilus with a bright red upper abdomen when viewed with the wings and elytra spread . The species also has a small spine found at the tip of the abdomen and serrate antennae that begin at the fourth antennal segment . Adults beetles of other species can often be misidentified by the public . </P> <H2> Life cycle ( edit ) </H2> <P> The emerald ash borer life cycle can occur over one or two years depending on the time of year of oviposition , the health of the tree , and temperature . </P> <P> After 400 -- 500 accumulated degree - days above 10 ° C ( 50 ° F ) , adults begin to emerge from trees in late spring , and peak emergence occurs around 1000 degree - days . After emergence , adults feed for one week on ash leaves in the canopy before mating , but cause little defoliation in the process . Males hover around trees , locate females by visual cues , and drop directly onto the female to mate ; mating can last 50 minutes , and females may mate with multiple males over their lifespan . A typical female can live around six weeks and lay approximately 40 -- 70 eggs , but females that live longer can lay up to 200 eggs . </P> <P> Eggs are deposited between bark crevices , flakes , or cracks and hatch about two weeks later . Eggs are approximately 0.6 to 1.0 millimeter ( 0.02 to 0.04 in ) in diameter , and are initially white , but later turn reddish - brown if fertile . After hatching , larvae chew through the bark to the inner phloem , cambium , and outer xylem where they feed and develop . Emerald ash borer has four larval instars . By feeding , larvae create long serpentine galleries . Fully mature fourth - instar larvae are 26 to 32 millimeters ( 1.0 to 1.3 in ) long . In fall , mature fourth - instars excavate chambers about 1.25 centimeters ( 0.49 in ) into the sapwood or outer bark where they fold into a J - shape . These J - shaped larvae shorten into prepupae and develop into pupae and adults the following spring . To exit the tree , adults chew holes from their chamber through the bark , which leaves a characteristic D - shaped exit hole . Immature larvae can overwinter in their larval gallery , but can require an additional summer of feeding before overwintering again and emerging as adults the following spring . This two - year life cycle is more common in cool climates , such as European Russia . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Larva </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Pupa removed from its pupal chamber . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Adults exit the tree from D - shaped holes . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Dorsal view of adult with elytra and wings spread . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Underside of an adult emerald ash borer . </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Range ( edit ) </H2> Native range of emerald ash borer in eastern Asia and introduced range in European Russia as of 2013 . <P> The native range of the emerald ash borer is temperate northeastern Asia , which includes Russia , Mongolia , northern China , Japan , and Korea . </P> <P> The beetle is invasive in North America where it has a core population in Michigan and surrounding states and provinces . Populations are more scattered outside the core area , and the edges of its known distribution range north to the upper peninsula of Michigan , south to northern Louisiana , west to Colorado , and east to Massachusetts In northern Europe , a population was found in Moscow , Russia in 2003 . From 2003 to 2016 , this population has spread west towards Sweden at 40 km ( 25 mi ) per year and is expected to reach central Europe between 2031 and 2036 . </P> <H2> Host plants ( edit ) </H2> <P> In its native range , emerald ash borer is only a nuisance pest on native trees , as population densities typically do not reach levels lethal to healthy trees . In China , it infests native F. chinensis , F. mandshurica , and F. rhynchophylla ; in Japan it also infests F. japonica and F. lanuginosa . </P> <P> Emerald ash borer primarily infest and can cause significant damage to ash species including green ash ( Fraxinus pennsylvanica ) , black ash ( Fraxinus nigra ) , white ash ( Fraxinus americana ) , and blue ash ( Fraxinus quadrangulata ) in North America . In Europe , Fraxinus excelsior is the main ash species colonized by EAB . Ash susceptibility can vary due to the attractiveness of chemical volatiles to adults , or the ability of larvae to detoxify phenolic compounds . Emerald ash borer has also been found infesting white fringe tree in North America , which is a non-ash host , but it is unclear whether the trees were healthy when first infested , or were already in decline due to drought . </P> <P> Adults prefer to lay eggs on open grown or stressed ash , but readily lay eggs on healthy trees amongst other tree species . Young trees with bark between 1.5 millimeters ( 0.059 in ) to 5 millimeters ( 0.20 in ) are preferred . Both males and females use leaf volatiles and sesquiterpenes in the bark to locate hosts . Damage occurs in infested trees due to larval feeding . The serpentine feeding galleries of the larvae disrupt the flow of nutrients and water , effectively girdling ( killing ) the tree as it is no longer be able to transport sufficient water and nutrients to the leaves to survive . </P> <H2> As an invasive species ( edit ) </H2> A green ash killed by emerald ash borers <P> Outside its native range , emerald ash borer is an invasive species that is highly destructive to ash trees in its introduced range . Prior to emerald ash borer being found in North America , very little was known about emerald ash borer in its native range aside from a short description of life - history traits and taxonomic descriptions , which resulted in focused research on its biology in North America . Since its accidental introduction into the United States and Canada in the 1990s and its subsequent detection in 2002 in Canton , Michigan , it has since spread other parts of the North America . It is suspected that it was introduced from overseas in shipping materials such as packing crates . </P> <H3> Invasiveness and spread ( edit ) </H3> <P> Without factors that would normally suppress emerald ash borer populations in its native range ( e.g. , resistant trees , predators , and parasitoid wasps ) , populations can quickly rise to damaging levels . After initial infestation , all ash trees are expected to die in an area within 10 years without control measures . Every North American ash species has susceptibility to emerald ash borer , as North American species planted in China also have high mortality due to infestations , but some Chinese ash species are resistant . </P> <P> Green ash and black ash trees are preferred by emerald ash borer . White ash is also killed rapidly , but usually only after all green and black ash trees are eliminated . Blue ash displays some resistance to the emerald ash borer by forming callus tissue around emerald ash borer galleries , but is eventually killed . Many of the specialized predators and parasitoids that suppressed emerald ash borer in Asia were not present in North America . Predators and parasitoids native to North America do not sufficiently suppress emerald ash borer , so populations continue to grow . Emerald ash borer populations can spread between 2.5 to 80 km ( 1.6 to 49.7 mi ) a year . It primarily spreads through flight or by transportation of ash bark containing products such as firewood or nursery stock , which allows it to reach new areas and create satellite populations outside of the main infestation . </P> <P> Other factors can limit spread . Winter temperatures of approximately − 38 ° C ( − 36 ° F ) limit range expansion. , and overwintering emerald ash borer survive down to average temperatures of − 30 ° C ( − 22 ° F ) due to antifreeze chemicals in the body and insulation provided by tree bark . Larvae can also survive high heat up to 53 ° C ( 127 ° F ) . </P> <P> North American predators and parasitoids can occasionally cause high emerald ash borer mortality , but generally offer only limited control . Mortality due to native woodpeckers is variable . Parasitism by parasitoids such as Atanycolus cappaerti can be high , but overall such control is generally low . </P> <H3> Environmental and economic impacts ( edit ) </H3> <P> Emerald ash borer threatens the entire North American Fraxinus genus . It has killed at least tens of millions of ash trees so far and threatens to kill most of the 8.7 billion ash trees throughout North America . Emerald ash borer kills young trees several years before reaching their seeding age of 10 years . In both North America and Europe , the loss of ash from an ecosystem can result in increased numbers of invasive plants , changes in soil nutrients , and effects on species that feed on ash . </P> <P> Damage and efforts to control the spread

The Emerald Ash Borer is found in the US, ranging north to

Where is the emerald ash borer found in the us?

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Production -- possibility frontier - wikipedia <H1> Production -- possibility frontier </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> A production -- possibility frontier ( PPF ) or production possibility curve ( PPC ) is a graphical representation of possible combinations of two goods ( such as butter and guns ) that can be produced with constant technology and resources per unit of time , such that more of one good could be produced only by diverting resources from the other good , resulting in less production of it ; i.e. production tradeoffs , usually for an economy , but which can also be interpreted as applying for an individual , household , etc . </P> <P> Graphically bounding the production set for fixed input quantities , the PPF curve shows the maximum possible production level of one commodity for any given production level of the other , given the existing state of technology . By doing so , it defines productive efficiency in the context of that production set : a point on the frontier indicates efficient use of the available inputs ( such as points B , D and C in the graph ) , a point beneath the curve ( such as A ) indicates inefficiency , and a point beyond the curve ( such as X ) indicates impossibility . </P> <P> The PSU represented by the point on the PPF where an efficient economy operates ( which is obtained by tangency with the highest individual or social indifference curve , not shown in the graph ) presents the priorities or choices of the modeled agent , such as the choice of having more butter produced and fewer guns , or vice versa . </P> An example PPF with illustrative points marked <P> PPFs are normally drawn as bulging upwards or outwards from the origin ( `` concave '' when viewed from the origin ) , but they can be represented as bulging downward ( inwards ) or linear ( straight ) , depending on a number of assumptions . A PPF illustrates several economic concepts , such as scarcity of resources ( the fundamental economic problem that all societies face ) , opportunity cost ( or marginal rate of transformation ) , productive efficiency , allocative efficiency , and economies of scale . </P> <P> An outward shift of the PPF results from growth of the availability of inputs , such as physical capital or labour , or from technological progress in knowledge of how to transform inputs into outputs . Such a shift reflects , for instance , economic growth of an economy already operating at its full productivity ( on the PPF ) , which means that more of both outputs can now be produced during the specified period of time without sacrificing the output of either good . Conversely , the PPF will shift inward if the labor force shrinks , the supply of raw materials is depleted , or a natural disaster decreases the stock of physical capital . </P> <P> However , most economic contractions reflect not that less can be produced but that the economy has started operating below the frontier , as typically , both labor and physical capital are underemployed , remaining therefore idle . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Indicators <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Efficiency </Li> <Li> 1.2 Opportunity cost </Li> <Li> 1.3 Marginal rate of transformation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Shape </Li> <Li> 3 Position </Li> <Li> 4 Other applications </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Indicators ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Efficiency ( edit ) </H3> See also : Productive efficiency and Pareto efficiency <P> A PPF ( production possibility frontier ) typically takes the form of the curve illustrated above . An economy that is operating on the PPF is said to be efficient , meaning that it would be impossible to produce more of one good without decreasing production of the other good . In contrast , if the economy is operating below the curve , it is said to be operating inefficiently because it could reallocate resources in order to produce more of both goods or some resources such as labor or capital are sitting idle and could be fully employed to produce more of both goods . </P> <P> For example , if one assumes that the economy 's available quantities of factors of production do not change over time and that technological progress does not occur , if the economy is operating on the PPF , production of guns would need to be sacrificed to produce more butter . If production is efficient , the economy can choose between combinations ( points ) on the PPF : B if guns are of interest , C if more butter is needed , D if an equal mix of butter and guns is required . </P> <P> In the PPF , all points on the curve are points of maximum productive efficiency ( no more output of any good can be achieved from the given inputs without sacrificing output of some good ) ; all points inside the frontier ( such as A ) can be produced but are productively inefficient ; all points outside the curve ( such as X ) can not be produced with the given , existing resources . Not all points on the curve are Pareto efficient , however ; only in the case where the marginal rate of transformation is equal to all consumers ' marginal rate of substitution and hence equal to the ratio of prices will it be impossible to find any trade that will make no consumer worse off . </P> <P> Any point that lies either on the production possibilities curve or to the left of it is said to be an attainable point : it can be produced with currently available resources . Points that lie to the right of the production possibilities curve are said to be unattainable because they can not be produced using currently available resources . Points that lie strictly to the left of the curve are said to be inefficient , because existing resources would allow for production of more of at least one good without sacrificing the production of any other good . An efficient point is one that lies on the production possibilities curve . At any such point , more of one good can be produced only by producing less of the other . </P> <P> Such a two - good world is a theoretical simplification because of the difficulty of graphical analysis of multiple goods . If we are interested in one good , a composite score of the other goods can be generated using different techniques . Furthermore , the production model can be generalised using higher - dimensional techniques such as Principal Component Analysis ( PCA ) and others . </P> <H3> Opportunity cost ( edit ) </H3> Increasing butter from A to B carries little opportunity cost , but for C to D the cost is great . Main article : Opportunity cost <P> From a starting point on the frontier , if there is no increase in productive resources , increasing production of a first good entails decreasing production of a second , because resources must be transferred to the first and away from the second . Points along the curve describe the tradeoff between the goods . The sacrifice in the production of the second good is called the opportunity cost ( because increasing production of the first good entails losing the opportunity to produce some amount of the second ) . Opportunity cost is measured in the number of units of the second good forgone for one or more units of the first good . </P> <P> In the context of a PPF , opportunity cost is directly related to the shape of the curve ( see below ) . If the shape of the PPF curve is a straight - line , the opportunity cost is constant as production of different goods is changing . But , opportunity cost usually will vary depending on the start and end points . In the diagram on the right , producing 10 more packets of butter , at a low level of butter production , costs the loss of 5 guns ( shown as a movement from A to B) . At point C , the economy is already close to its maximum potential butter output . To produce 10 more packets of butter , 50 guns must be sacrificed ( as with a movement from C to D ) . The ratio of gains to losses is determined by the marginal rate of transformation . </P> <H3> Marginal rate of transformation ( edit ) </H3> Marginal rate of transformation increases when the transition is made from AA to BB . <P> The slope of the production -- possibility frontier ( PPF ) at any given point is called the marginal rate of transformation ( MRT ) . The slope defines the rate at which production of one good can be redirected ( by reallocation of productive resources ) into production of the other . It is also called the ( marginal ) `` opportunity cost '' of a commodity , that is , it is the opportunity cost of X in terms of Y at the margin . It measures how much of good Y is given up for one more unit of good X or vice versa . The shape of a PPF is commonly drawn as concave to the origin to represent increasing opportunity cost with increased output of a good . Thus , MRT increases in absolute size as one moves from the top left of the PPF to the bottom right of the PPF . </P> <P> The marginal rate of transformation can be expressed in terms of either commodity . The marginal opportunity costs of guns in terms of butter is simply the reciprocal of the marginal opportunity cost of butter in terms of guns . If , for example , the ( absolute ) slope at point BB in the diagram is equal to 2 , to produce one more packet of butter , the production of 2 guns must be sacrificed . If at AA , the marginal opportunity cost of butter in terms of guns is equal to 0.25 , the sacrifice of one gun could produce four packets of butter , and the opportunity cost of guns in terms of butter is 4 . </P> <H2> Shape ( edit ) </H2> <P> The production - possibility frontier can be constructed from the contract curve in an Edgeworth production box diagram of factor intensity . The example used above ( which demonstrates increasing opportunity costs , with a curve concave to the origin ) is the most common form of PPF . It represents a disparity , in the factor intensities and technologies of the two production sectors . That is , as an economy specializes more and more into one product ( such as moving from point B to point D ) , the opportunity cost of producing that product increases , because we are using more and more resources that are less efficient in producing it . With increasing production of butter , workers from the gun industry will move to it . At first , the least qualified ( or most general ) gun workers will be transferred into making more butter , and moving these workers has little impact on the opportunity cost of increasing butter production : the loss in gun production will be small . However , the cost of producing successive units of butter will increase as resources that are more and more specialized in gun production are moved into the butter industry . </P> <P> If opportunity costs are constant , a straight - line ( linear ) PPF is produced . This case reflects a situation where resources are not specialised and can be substituted for each other with no added cost . Products requiring similar resources ( bread and pastry , for

Points outside the production possibilities curve represent combinations of products that are

Points outside the production possibilities curve represent combinations of products that are?

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1700 Cascadia earthquake - wikipedia <H1> 1700 Cascadia earthquake </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> 1700 Cascadia earthquake <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Local date </Th> <Td> January 26 , 1700 ( 1700 - 01 - 26 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Local time </Th> <Td> 21 : 00 local time </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Magnitude </Th> <Td> 8.7 -- 9.2 M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Epicenter </Th> <Td> 45 ° N 125 ° W  /  45 ° N 125 ° W  / 45 ; - 125 Coordinates : 45 ° N 125 ° W  /  45 ° N 125 ° W  / 45 ; - 125 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fault </Th> <Td> Cascadia subduction zone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Megathrust </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tsunami </Th> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 1700 Cascadia earthquake occurred along the Cascadia subduction zone on January 26 with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7 -- 9.2 . The megathrust earthquake involved the Juan de Fuca Plate from mid-Vancouver Island , south along the Pacific Northwest coast as far as northern California . The length of the fault rupture was about 1,000 kilometers ( 620 miles ) , with an average slip of 20 meters ( 66 ft ) . </P> <P> The earthquake caused a tsunami which struck the coast of Japan and may also be linked to the Bonneville Slide and the Tseax Cone eruption in British Columbia . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Evidence <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Scientific research </Li> <Li> 1.2 Cultural research </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Future threats </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links <Ul> <Li> 5.1 General </Li> <Li> 5.2 Native and Japanese accounts </Li> <Li> 5.3 Current hazards </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Evidence ( edit ) </H2> <P> The 1700 earthquake took place at about 21 : 00 on January 26 , 1700 ( NS ) . Although there are no written records for the region from the time , the timing of the earthquake has been inferred from Japanese records of a tsunami that does not correlate with any other Pacific Rim quake . The Japanese records exist primarily in the modern - day Iwate Prefecture , in communities such as Tsugaruishi , Kuwagasaki and Ōtsuchi . </P> Cascadia subduction zone <H3> Scientific research ( edit ) </H3> <P> The most important clue linking the tsunami in Japan and the earthquake in the Pacific Northwest comes from studies of tree rings ( dendrochronology ) , which show that several `` ghost forests '' of red cedar trees in Oregon and Washington , killed by lowering of coastal forests into the tidal zone by the earthquake , have outermost growth rings that formed in 1699 , the last growing season before the tsunami . This includes both inland stands of trees , such as one on the Copalis River in Washington , and pockets of tree stumps that are now under the ocean surface and become exposed only at low tide . </P> <P> Sediment layers in these locations demonstrate a pattern consistent with seismic and tsunami events around this time . Core samples from the ocean floor , as well as debris samples from some earthquake - induced landslides in the Pacific Northwest , also support this timing of the event . Archaeological research in the region has uncovered evidence of several coastal villages having been flooded and abandoned around 1700 . </P> <H3> Cultural research ( edit ) </H3> <P> Local Native American and First Nations groups residing in Cascadia did not have a written tradition of record - keeping , so the event was not documented locally like the Japanese tsunami . However , numerous oral traditions describing a great earthquake and tsunami - like flooding exist among indigenous coastal peoples from British Columbia to Northern California . These do not specify an exact date , and not all earthquake stories in the region can be definitively isolated as referring to the 1700 quake in particular ; however , virtually all of the native peoples in the region have at least one traditional story of an event much stronger and more destructive than any other that their community had ever experienced . </P> <P> Some of the stories contain temporal clues -- such as an estimate of how many generations had passed since the event -- which can be traced back to a date range in the late 1600s or early 1700s , or which concur with the event 's timing in other ways . The Huu - ay - aht legend of a large earthquake and ocean wave devastating their settlements at Pachina Bay , for instance , speaks of the event taking place on a winter evening shortly after the village 's residents had gone to sleep . Masit was the only community on Pachina Bay not to have been wiped out , as it sat on a mountainside approximately 75 feet above sea level . Nobody else from Pachina Bay survived the event -- Anacla aq sop , a young woman who happened to be staying at Kiix ? in on the more tsunami - sheltered Barkley Sound at the time of the event , came to be known as the last living member of her community . </P> <P> Kwakwaka'wakw ( Kwakiutl ) stories from the north end of Vancouver Island report a night - time earthquake that caused virtually all houses in their community to collapse ; Cowichan stories from Vancouver Island 's inner coast speak of a nighttime earthquake , causing a landslide that buried an entire village . Makah stories from Washington speak of a great night - time earthquake , of which the only survivors were those who fled inland before the tsunami hit . The Quileute people in Washington have a story about a flood so powerful that villagers in their canoes were swept inland all the way to Hood Canal . </P> <P> Ethnographic research has focused on a common regional pattern of art and mythology depicting a great battle between a thunderbird and a whale , as well as cultural signifiers such as earthquake - inspired ritual masks and dances . </P> <H2> Future threats ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Earthquake recurrence <Tr> <Th> est . year </Th> <Th> interval ( years ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1700 AD </Td> <Td> > 318 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1310 AD </Td> <Td> 390 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 810 AD </Td> <Td> 500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 400 AD </Td> <Td> 410 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 170 BC </Td> <Td> 570 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 600 BC </Td> <Td> 430 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The geological record reveals that `` great earthquakes '' ( those with moment magnitude 8 or higher ) occur in the Cascadia subduction zone about every 500 years on average , often accompanied by tsunamis . There is evidence of at least 13 events at intervals from about 300 to 900 years with an average of 570 -- 590 years . Previous earthquakes are estimated to have been in 1310 AD , 810 AD , 400 AD , 170 BC and 600 BC . </P> Cascadia earthquake sources <P> As seen in the 1700 quake , the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake , and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami , subduction zone earthquakes can cause large tsunamis , and many coastal areas in the region have prepared tsunami evacuation plans in anticipation of a possible future Cascadia earthquake . However , the major nearby cities , notably Seattle , Portland , Vancouver , Victoria , and Tacoma , which are located on inland waterways rather than on the coast , would be sheltered from the full brunt of a tsunami . These cities do have many vulnerable structures , especially bridges and unreinforced brick buildings ; consequently , most of the damage to the cities would probably be from the earthquake itself . One expert asserts that buildings in Seattle are vastly inadequate even to withstand an event of the size of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake , let alone any more powerful one . </P> <P> Kenneth Murphy , who directs FEMA 's Region X , the division responsible for Oregon , Washington , Idaho , and Alaska , put it quite dramatically : `` Our operating assumption is that everything west of Interstate 5 will be toast . '' </P> <P> Recent findings conclude that the Cascadia subduction zone is more complex and volatile than previously believed . In 2010 geologists predicted a 37 percent chance of an M8. 2 + event within 50 years , and a 10 to 15 percent chance that the entire Cascadia subduction zone will rupture with an M9+ event within the same time frame . Geologists have also determined the Pacific Northwest is not prepared for such a colossal quake . The tsunami produced could reach heights of 80 to 100 feet ( 24 to 30 m ) . </P> <P> A 2004 study revealed the potential for relative mean sea level rise ( cause by subsidence ) along the Cascadia subduction zone . It postulated that cities on the west coast of Vancouver Island , such as Tofino and Ucluelet , are at risk for a 1 -- 2 m subsidence , relative to mean sea level . </P> <P> The confirmation of their oral traditions about a great earthquake has led many aboriginal groups in the area to initiate projects to relocate their coastal communities to higher and safer ground in preparation for the predicted next earthquake . The Huu - ay - aht people have rebuilt their administration building on a high point of land in their territory ; coastal residents are immediately evacuated to this building whenever a tsunami warning is issued , as an interim measure toward eventually relocating all residents to higher ground . The Quileute people secured a land grant from the federal government of the United States in 2012 to move their settlement inland , both as protection from a future tsunami threat and because of more frequent flooding on the Quillayute River . </P> <P> Some other subduction zones have such earthquakes every 100 to 200 years ; the longer interval results from slower plate motions . The rate of convergence between the Juan de Fuca Plate and the North American Plate is 60 millimetres ( 2.4 in ) per year . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake </Li> <Li> Geology of the Pacific Northwest </Li> <Li> List of earthquakes in Canada </Li> <Li> List of earthquakes in the United States </Li> <Li> List of historical earthquakes </Li> <Li> List of historical tsunamis </Li> <Li> Lists of earthquakes </Li> <Li> Neskowin Ghost Forest </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service ( NGDC / WDS ) , Significant Earthquake Database , National Geophysical Data Center , NOAA , doi : 10.7289 / V5TD9V7K </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Atwater et al. 2005 , p. 98 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Atwater , B.F. ; Musumi - Rokkaku , S. ; Satake , K. ; Yoshinobu , T. ; Kazue , U. ; Yamaguchi , D.K. ( 2005 ) . The Orphan Tsunami of 1700 -- Japanese Clues to a Parent Earthquake in North America . U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1707 . United States Geological Survey -- University of Washington Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 295 - 98535 - 0 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hill , Richard L. ( 2002 - 05 - 15 ) . `` Great Cascadia Earthquake Penrose Conference '' . The Oregonian . Archived from the original on 2008 - 10 - 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kenji Satake ; Kunihiko Shimazaki ; Yoshinobu Tsuji ; Kazue Ueda ( 18 January 1996 ) . `` Time and size of a giant earthquake in Cascadia inferred from Japanese tsunami records of January 1700 '' .

The largest magnitude earthquake that has occurred in the Pacific Northwest is

What is the largest magnitude earthquake that has occurred in the pacific northwest?

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</Li> <Li> B. Silva 18 ' </Li> <Li> Agüero 23 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> St. Jakob - Park , Basel Attendance : 36,000 Referee : Jonas Eriksson ( Sweden ) 7 March 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 07 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Manchester City </Th> <Th> 1 -- 2 </Th> <Th> Basel </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gabriel Jesus 8 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Elyounoussi 17 ' </Li> <Li> Lang 71 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> City of Manchester Stadium , Manchester Attendance : 49,411 Referee : Pavel Královec ( Czech Republic ) <P> Manchester City won 5 -- 2 on aggregate . </P> 14 February 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 14 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Porto </Th> <Th> 0 -- 5 </Th> <Th> Liverpool </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mané 25 ' , 53 ' , 85 ' </Li> <Li> Salah 29 ' </Li> <Li> Firmino 69 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Estádio do Dragão , Porto Attendance : 47,718 Referee : Daniele Orsato ( Italy ) 6 March 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 06 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Liverpool </Th> <Th> 0 -- 0 </Th> <Th> Porto </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Anfield , Liverpool Attendance : 48,768 Referee : Felix Zwayer ( Germany ) <P> Liverpool won 5 -- 0 on aggregate . </P> 21 February 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 21 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Sevilla </Th> <Th> 0 -- 0 </Th> <Th> Manchester United </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán , Seville Attendance : 39,725 Referee : Clément Turpin ( France ) 13 March 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 13 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Manchester United </Th> <Th> 1 -- 2 </Th> <Th> Sevilla </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lukaku 84 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ben Yedder 74 ' , 78 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Old Trafford , Manchester Attendance : 74,909 Referee : Danny Makkelie ( Netherlands ) <P> Sevilla won 2 -- 1 on aggregate . </P> 14 February 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 14 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Real Madrid </Th> <Th> 3 -- 1 </Th> <Th> Paris Saint - Germain </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ronaldo 45 ' ( pen . ) , 83 ' </Li> <Li> Marcelo 86 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rabiot 33 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Santiago Bernabéu , Madrid Attendance : 78,158 Referee : Gianluca Rocchi ( Italy ) 6 March 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 06 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Paris Saint - Germain </Th> <Th> 1 -- 2 </Th> <Th> Real Madrid </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cavani 71 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ronaldo 51 ' </Li> <Li> Casemiro 80 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Parc des Princes , Paris Attendance : 46,585 Referee : Felix Brych ( Germany ) <P> Real Madrid won 5 -- 2 on aggregate . </P> 21 February 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 21 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Shakhtar Donetsk </Th> <Th> 2 -- 1 </Th> <Th> Roma </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ferreyra 52 ' </Li> <Li> Fred 71 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ünder 41 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Metalist Stadium , Kharkiv Attendance : 35,124 Referee : Willie Collum ( Scotland ) 13 March 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 13 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Roma </Th> <Th> 1 -- 0 </Th> <Th> Shakhtar Donetsk </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Džeko 52 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Stadio Olimpico , Rome Attendance : 47,693 Referee : Alberto Undiano Mallenco ( Spain ) <P> 2 -- 2 on aggregate . Roma won on away goals . </P> 20 February 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 20 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chelsea </Th> <Th> 1 -- 1 </Th> <Th> Barcelona </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Willian 62 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Messi 75 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Stamford Bridge , London Attendance : 37,741 Referee : Cüneyt Çakır ( Turkey ) 14 March 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 14 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Barcelona </Th> <Th> 3 -- 0 </Th> <Th> Chelsea </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Messi 3 ' , 63 ' </Li> <Li> Dembélé 20 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Camp Nou , Barcelona Attendance : 97,183 Referee : Damir Skomina ( Slovenia ) <P> Barcelona won 4 -- 1 on aggregate . </P> 20 February 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 20 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Bayern Munich </Th> <Th> 5 -- 0 </Th> <Th> Beşiktaş </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Müller 43 ' , 66 ' </Li> <Li> Coman 53 ' </Li> <Li> Lewandowski 79 ' , 88 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Allianz Arena , Munich Attendance : 70,000 Referee : Ovidiu Hațegan ( Romania ) 14 March 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 14 ) 18 : 00 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Beşiktaş </Th> <Th> 1 -- 3 </Th> <Th> Bayern Munich </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Vágner Love 59 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Thiago 18 ' </Li> <Li> Gönül 46 ' ( o.g. ) </Li> <Li> Wagner 84 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Vodafone Park , Istanbul Attendance : 36,885 Referee : Michael Oliver ( England ) <P> Bayern Munich won 8 -- 1 on aggregate . </P> <H2> Quarter - finals ( edit ) </H2> <P> The draw for the quarter - finals was held on 16 March 2018 , 12 : 00 CET . </P> <H3> Summary ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first legs were played on 3 and 4 April , and the second legs were played on 10 and 11 April 2018 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team 1 </Th> <Th> Agg . </Th> <Th> Team 2 </Th> <Th> 1st leg </Th> <Th> 2nd leg </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 4 -- 4 ( a ) </Td> <Td> Roma </Td> <Td> 4 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sevilla </Td> <Td> 1 -- 2 </Td> <Td> Bayern Munich </Td> <Td> 1 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Juventus </Td> <Td> 3 -- 4 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 0 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> 5 -- 1 </Td> <Td> Manchester City </Td> <Td> 3 -- 0 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Matches ( edit ) </H3> 4 April 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 04 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Barcelona </Th> <Th> 4 -- 1 </Th> <Th> Roma </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> De Rossi 38 ' ( o.g. ) </Li> <Li> Manolas 55 ' ( o.g. ) </Li> <Li> Piqué 59 ' </Li> <Li> L. Suárez 87 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Džeko 80 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Camp Nou , Barcelona Attendance : 90,106 Referee : Danny Makkelie ( Netherlands ) 10 April 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 10 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Roma </Th> <Th> 3 -- 0 </Th> <Th> Barcelona </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Džeko 6 ' </Li> <Li> De Rossi 58 ' ( pen . ) </Li> <Li> Manolas 82 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Stadio Olimpico , Rome Attendance : 56,580 Referee : Clément Turpin ( France ) <P> 4 -- 4 on aggregate . Roma won on away goals . </P> 3 April 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 03 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Sevilla </Th> <Th> 1 -- 2 </Th> <Th> Bayern Munich </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sarabia 31 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Navas 37 ' ( o.g. ) </Li> <Li> Thiago 68 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán , Seville Attendance : 40,635 Referee : Daniele Orsato ( Italy ) 11 April 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 11 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Bayern Munich </Th> <Th> 0 -- 0 </Th> <Th> Sevilla </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Allianz Arena , Munich Attendance : 70,000 Referee : Willie Collum ( Scotland ) <P> Bayern Munich won 2 -- 1 on aggregate . </P> 3 April 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 03 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Juventus </Th> <Th> 0 -- 3 </Th> <Th> Real Madrid </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ronaldo 3 ' , 64 ' </Li> <Li> Marcelo 72 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Juventus Stadium , Turin Attendance : 40,849 Referee : Cüneyt Çakır ( Turkey ) 11 April 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 11 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Real Madrid </Th> <Th> 1 -- 3 </Th> <Th> Juventus </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ronaldo 90 + 8 ' ( pen . ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mandžukić 2 ' , 37 ' </Li> <Li> Matuidi 61 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Santiago Bernabéu , Madrid Attendance : 75,796 Referee : Michael Oliver ( England ) <P> Real Madrid won 4 -- 3 on aggregate . </P> 4 April 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 04 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Liverpool </Th> <Th> 3 -- 0 </Th> <Th> Manchester City </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Salah 12 ' </Li> <Li> Oxlade - Chamberlain 21 ' </Li> <Li> Mané 31 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Anfield , Liverpool Attendance : 50,685 Referee : Felix Brych ( Germany ) 10 April 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 10 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Manchester City </Th> <Th> 1 -- 2 </Th> <Th> Liverpool </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gabriel Jesus 2 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Salah 56 ' </Li> <Li> Firmino 77 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> City of Manchester Stadium , Manchester Attendance : 53,461 Referee : Antonio Mateu Lahoz ( Spain ) <P> Liverpool won 5 -- 1 on aggregate . </P> <H2> Semi-finals ( edit ) </H2> <P> The draw for the semi-finals was held on 13 April 2018 , 13 : 00 CEST . </P> <P> For the first time since the 2009 -- 10 UEFA Champions League , all the four teams at this stage represent different national associations . </P> <H3> Summary ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first legs were played on 24 and 25 April , and the second legs will be played on 1 and 2 May 2018 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team 1 </Th> <Th> Agg . </Th> <Th> Team 2 </Th> <Th> 1st leg </Th> <Th> 2nd leg </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bayern Munich </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 1 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 1 May </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Liverpool </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Roma </Td> <Td> 5 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 2 May </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Matches ( edit ) </H3> 25 April 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 25 ) 20 : 45 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Bayern Munich </Th> <Th> 1 -- 2 </Th> <Th> Real Madrid </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kimmich 28 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Report </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Marcelo 44 ' </Li> <Li> Asensio 57 ' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Allianz Arena , Munich Attendance : 70,000 Referee : Björn Kuipers ( Netherlands ) 1

The Champions League quarter finals start on

When does the champions league quarter finals start?

1741976848462518979

<Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Wolfe plans to sell Barry and the imprisoned bus metas ( Ramsey Deacon , Becky Sharpe , Mina Chaytan , and Sylbert Rundine ) to Amunet , so they plan to escape . Cecile discovers Wolfe 's plans after reading his mind . Ralph encounters a former colleague and his negative interaction with him prompts the discovery that he can shapeshift . His lack of mastery of the new ability prevents his attempt to foil Amunet 's deal with Wolfe . Barry helps the metas escape the power dampeners , but they are cornered by Wolfe and Amunet . DeVoe arrives and again uses his chair to extract the metas ' abilities , before transferring his mind into Sharpe 's body . He then crushes Wolfe 's skull as Marlize looks on in horror ; Amunet flees . Ralph uses his shapeshifting ability to appear as the original DeVoe at Barry 's appeal , claiming that he was unconscious at Barry 's loft but not dead , which clears Barry 's name . Team Flash realizes that DeVoe is only stealing powers from metahumans who were on the bus when the dark matter wave was unleashed , which means he will likely target Ralph as well . Back at the DeVoes ' house , their marriage continues to deteriorate , and DeVoe drugs his wife with the Weeper 's tears to maintain her devotion towards him . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 83 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Subject 9 '' </Td> <Td> Ralph Hemecker </Td> <Td> Mike Alber & Gabe Snyder </Td> <Td> February 27 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 27 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13414 </Td> <Td> 2.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Barry is put on indefinite leave at the CCPD due to his connection with the DeVoe case . The team encounter another bus metahuman named Izzy with sound wave abilities , amplified by her violin . She manages to use her abilities when DeVoe ( inside Sharpe 's body ) comes to claim her . Barry and Ralph help to train Izzy to refine her abilities , which proves difficult when she gets hurt . Eventually DeVoe shows up once again , using Dominic 's and Becky 's abilities to make Barry experience a brain aneurysm , while using Rundine 's abilities to incapacitate Ralph . DeVoe then once again uses the chair to transfer his mind into Izzy 's body and escapes . Both Ralph and Barry comfort each other over their respective losses : Barry being let go from the police force and Ralph losing Izzy to DeVoe . These losses enforce both Barry 's and Ralph 's determination to bring DeVoe down and save the three remaining metas . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 84 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Enter Flashtime '' </Td> <Td> Gregory Smith </Td> <Td> Todd Helbing & Sterling Gates </Td> <Td> March 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13415 </Td> <Td> 2.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Jesse comes to Earth - 1 to have a talk with her dad . Eco-terrorist Veronica Dale sets off a nuclear bomb , which Barry tries to stop , entering a form of superspeed known as Flashtime , where everything is frozen . However , the bomb has already detonated , and he and Jesse can not stop it or save everyone with superspeed . Jay Garrick comes from Earth - 3 to help , but they are still unable to stop it . Barry remains in Flashtime for hours , bringing each of his friends into it , in an attempt to find a solution ; they discuss options such as freezing it or sending it to another Earth , but none of those solutions prove to be viable . Eventually , Iris gives him the idea to retrieve the Quark Sphere from the Speed Force to send a blast lightning through the bomb , enough to disable it . Barry does so , and throws the Sphere back into the Speed Force , saving Central City . Jay admits he is retiring and going to train a new `` female '' speedster . Jesse and Jay return to their Earths , and Caitlin and Wells go for a coffee , where they encounter the mysterious girl . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 85 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Run , Iris , Run '' </Td> <Td> Harry Jierjian </Td> <Td> Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> March 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13416 </Td> <Td> 2.09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> A metahuman with fire powers tries to rob Central City bank . Another bus meta named Matthew Kim touches the metahuman , which causes his powers to transfer to another individual . When Joe , Iris and Barry turn up to ask Kim a few questions , Barry and Iris come into contact with Kim , causing Barry to lose his speed and Iris to gain superspeed . Inspired by Thawne , Harry plans to build his own thinking cap to outwit DeVoe . With their roles reversed , Iris becomes Central City 's hero speedster , while Barry must learn to act as team leader . The new metahuman demands money and terrorizes the city with his fire powers . Using Wells ' thinking cap , the Team comes up with the idea for Iris to create a tidal wave , negating the flames and defeating the meta . Back at S.T.A.R. Labs , Kim touches Iris and Barry again , restoring the Flash 's speed . At home , Iris admits that while she did enjoy having superspeed , Central City needs the light that Barry was , and she is happy being team leader . Wells uses his thinking cap once more , determining the final two bus metas are Janet Petty and Edwin Gauss . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 86 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` Null and Annoyed '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Smith </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> April 10 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13417 </Td> <Td> 1.82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Barry and Ralph train to defeat DeVoe , with Barry becoming annoyed at Ralph 's apparent inability to be serious . The team manages to locate another bus meta , Janet Petty . When Barry and Ralph confront her , it is revealed that Petty can manipulate a person 's gravitational pull , which she demonstrates on Barry . Fearing once again that Ralph is not taking things seriously , Barry refuses to work with him . Ralph reveals his comedic attitude is due to a difficult childhood where his father abandoned him , causing him to make jokes whenever he is scared or under pressure . Barry relents and they go to stop Janet at a gala event . Janet uses her powers on Barry , causing him to float into the atmosphere . Barry tells the team to trust Ralph to improvise . Ralph detains Janet , then becomes a giant airbag to allow Barry to land safely . DeVoe 's wife discovers he has been drugging her , so she will continue to assist him . Breacher comes to Earth - 1 to ask Cisco for help as some of his powers have failed . Harry takes the thinking cap to Thawne 's time vault to recharge it and activates Gideon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 87 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` Lose Yourself '' </Td> <Td> Hanelle Culpepper </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> April 17 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13418 </Td> <Td> 1.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Team Flash track down the final bus meta Edwin Gauss , but are followed by the Samuroid , who injures Caitlin . The team rush back to Star Labs to regroup and heal . Caitlin reveals to Iris that Killer Frost is activated by her adrenal gland , and she is working on a way to separate them . Harry comes up with a tuning fork weapon that mimics Izzy 's abilities in order to defeat DeVoe . Ralph reveals to Barry that he is n't afraid of losing his own life , but of Team Flash losing theirs , as he considers them family . Wells is shown to be addicted to the Thinking Cap , which Joe helps him deal with . Ralph takes the fork , with the intent to go with Edwin to kill DeVoe , which Barry argues against . Eventually , DeVoe manages to take over Edwin 's mind , and as well takes the abilities of Janet Petty and Matthew Kim , before transferring his mind into Ralph 's body . The team try to stop him , but DeVoe incapacitates them , and alters Caitlin 's DNA , removing the dark matter and Killer Frost , before leaving . Back at his lair , DeVoe uses Ralph 's morphing abilities to morph back into his original form , while he and Marlize plan their next move to destroy Team Flash . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 88 </Th> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Fury Rogue '' </Td> <Td> Rachel Talalay </Td> <Td> Joshua V. Gilbert & Jeff Hersh </Td> <Td> April 24 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> 1.90 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> With DeVoe moving forwards with his plans , Team Flash decide to secure Neil Borman . Barry and Cisco travel to Earth X to recruit Leo Snart as a backup , but are followed to Earth 1 by the Earth X doppelganger of Laurel Lance . Team Flash plan to deliver Borman to a safe ARGUS facility , using a suit to contain the radiation , with Snart on hand , in case Borman goes nuclear . Snart agrees to help , but claims he can only stay for 24 hours , as he is due to get married to Ray Terrill . DeVoe attempts to intercept the transfer , but he and Team Flash are further ambushed by Earth X Laurel , who kidnaps Caitlin , Borman and Joe , holding them at CCPD . Snart learns about Ralph , and convinces Barry to allow himself to grieve his fallen allies , which Barry eventually does , giving him strength to defeat Laurel . Lyla transfers Borman to another facility and Leo returns to Earth X . Cisco and Wells come up with a plan to boost Wells ' thinking cap . Devoe goes more into his `` god - complex '' ; stating that human emotion is a weakness , causing Marlize to doubt him . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 89 </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` Therefore She Is '' </Td> <Td> Rob J. Greenlea </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> May 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 90 </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> `` Harry and the Harrisons '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Mock </Td> <Td> Judalina Neira & Lauren Certo </Td> <Td> May 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 91 </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> `` Think Fast '' </Td> <Td> Viet Nguyen </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> May 15 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 92 </Th> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> `` We Are the Flash '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> May 22 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 22 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of The Flash characters <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Grant Gustin as Barry Allen / Flash </Li> <Li> Candice Patton as Iris West </Li> <Li> Danielle Panabaker as Caitlin Snow / Killer Frost </Li> <Li> Carlos Valdes

The Flash Season 4 Episode 17 is scheduled to be released on

When will the flash season 4 episode 17 come out?

817472909573557784

Salt Lake City </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> W019 XIX </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 08 - 0000 February 8 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 24 - 0000 February 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Athens </Td> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> S028 XXVIII </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 08 - 13 - 0000 August 13 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 08 - 29 - 0000 August 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Torino </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> W020 XX </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 10 - 0000 February 10 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 26 - 0000 February 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Beijing </Td> <Td> China </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> S029 XXIX </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 08 - 08 - 0000 August 8 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 08 - 24 - 0000 August 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vancouver </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> W021 XXI </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 12 - 0000 February 12 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 28 - 0000 February 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> London </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> S030 XXX </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 07 - 27 - 0000 July 27 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 08 - 12 - 0000 August 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sochi </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> W022 XXII </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 07 - 0000 February 7 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 23 - 0000 February 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rio de Janeiro </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> South America </Td> <Td> S031 XXXI </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 08 - 05 - 0000 August 5 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 08 - 21 - 0000 August 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pyeongchang </Td> <Td> South Korea </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> W023 XXIII </Td> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 09 - 0000 February 9 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 25 - 0000 February 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tokyo </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> S032 XXXII </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2020 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 07 - 24 - 0000 July 24 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 08 - 09 - 0000 August 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Beijing </Td> <Td> China </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> W024 XXIV </Td> <Td> 2022 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 04 - 0000 February 4 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 20 - 0000 February 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paris </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> S033 XXXIII </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2024 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 07 - 26 - 0000 July 26 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 08 - 11 - 0000 August 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> W025 XXV </Td> <Td> 2026 </Td> <Td colspan="2"> ( TBD ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Los Angeles </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> S034 XXXIV </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2028 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 07 - 21 - 0000 July 21 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 08 - 06 - 0000 August 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> W026 XXVI </Td> <Td> 2030 </Td> <Td colspan="2"> ( TBD ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Host cities for multiple Summer and winter Olympic Games ( edit ) </H3> <Table> List of cities that hosted multiple editions of the Olympic Games <Tr> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Continent </Th> <Th> Summer Olympics </Th> <Th> Winter Olympics </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> London </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 3 ( 1908 , 1948 , 2012 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paris </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 3 ( 1900 , 1924 , 2024 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Los Angeles </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> 3 ( 1932 , 1984 , 2028 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Athens </Td> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1896 , 2004 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tokyo </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1964 , 2020 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Beijing </Td> <Td> China </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> 1 ( 2008 ) </Td> <Td> 1 ( 2022 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> St. Moritz </Td> <Td> Switzerland </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1928 , 1948 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Innsbruck </Td> <Td> Austria </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1964 , 1976 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lake Placid </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1932 , 1980 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> The 1906 Intercalated Games are not officially recognized by the IOC as an official Olympic Games . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Number of Olympic Games by country ( edit ) </H3> Nations that have hosted or will host the Summer Olympics 5 times 4 times ( no entry ) 3 times 2 times 1 time Never held games Nations that have hosted or will host the Winter Olympics 4 times or more 3 times 2 times 1 time Never held games <Table> List of countries ranked by the number of times they hosted the Olympic Games <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Continent </Th> <Th> Summer Olympics </Th> <Th> Winter Olympics </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> 5 ( 1904 , 1932 , 1984 , 1996 , 2028 ) </Td> <Td> 4 ( 1932 , 1960 , 1980 , 2002 ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 3 ( 1900 , 1924 , 2024 ) </Td> <Td> 3 ( 1924 , 1968 , 1992 ) </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1940 , 1964 , 2020 ) </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1940 , 1972 , 1998 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 3 ( 1908 , 1944 , 1948 , 2012 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> 1 ( 1976 ) </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1988 , 2010 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 1 ( 1960 ) </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1944 , 1956 , 2006 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> German Empire / Nazi Germany / West Germany / Germany </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1916 , 1936 , 1972 ) </Td> <Td> 1 ( 1936 , 1940 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> China </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> 1 ( 2008 ) </Td> <Td> 1 ( 2022 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Korea </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> 1 ( 1988 ) </Td> <Td> 1 ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Soviet Union / Russia </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 1 ( 1980 ) </Td> <Td> 1 ( 2014 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1896 , 2004 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Oceania </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1956 , 2000 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norway </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1952 , 1994 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1964 , 1976 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1928 , 1940 , 1948 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1912 , 1956 ( equestrian events only ) ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> South America </Td> <Td> 1 ( 2016 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 1 ( 1992 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> SFR Yugoslavia / Bosnia and Herzegovina </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1 ( 1984 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mexico </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> 1 ( 1968 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Finland </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 1 ( 1940 , 1952 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 1 ( 1928 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 1 ( 1920 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Number of Olympic Games by continent ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Continent </Th> <Th> Summer Olympics </Th> <Th> Winter Olympics </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> 17 ( 1896 , 1900 , 1908 , 1912 , 1920 , 1924 , 1928 , 1936 , 1940 , 1944 , 1948 , 1952 , 1960 , 1972 , 1980 , 1992 , 2004 , 2012 , 2024 ) </Td> <Td> 14 ( 1924 , 1928 , 1936 , 1940 , 1944 , 1948 , 1952 , 1956 , 1964 , 1968 , 1976 , 1984 , 1992 , 1994 , 2006 , 2014 ) </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> 7 ( 1904 , 1932 , 1968 , 1976 , 1984 , 1996 , 2028 ) </Td> <Td> 6 ( 1932 , 1960 , 1980 , 1988 , 2002 , 2010 ) </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> 4 ( 1940 , 1964 , 1988 , 2008 , 2020 ) </Td> <Td> 4 ( 1940 , 1972 , 1998 , 2018 , 2022 ) </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Oceania </Td> <Td> 2 ( 1956 , 2000 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> South America </Td> <Td> 1 ( 2016 ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Africa </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Unsuccessful cities ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Bids </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Detroit </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hungary </Td> <Td> Budapest </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Turkey </Td> <Td> Istanbul </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> Madrid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> Buenos Aires </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland </Td> <Td> Lausanne </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Philadelphia </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Minneapolis </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cuba </Td> <Td> Havana </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> Brussels </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Azerbaijan </Td> <Td> Baku </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Qatar </Td> <Td> Doha </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> Seville </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Yugoslavia </Td> <Td> Belgrade </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Puerto Rico </Td> <Td> San Juan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia

The last Summer Olympics held in the USA were in

When was the last summer olympics in the usa?

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Ed , Edd n Eddy - wikipedia <H1> Ed , Edd n Eddy </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ed , Edd n Eddy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Animated sitcom Slapstick </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Danny Antonucci </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Danny Antonucci </Li> <Li> Jono Howard </Li> <Li> Mike Kubat </Li> <Li> Rob Boutilier </Li> <Li> Robert Leighton </Li> <Li> Marlowe Weisman </Li> <Li> John Mein </Li> <Li> Geoff Berner </Li> <Li> Brent Miller </Li> <Li> Aaron McLaughlin </Li> <Li> Keith Giffen </Li> <Li> Rachel Connor ( 2005 -- 09 ) </Li> <Li> Michael Hockney </Li> <Li> Scott Underwood </Li> <Li> Stacy Warnick ( 2008 -- 09 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Danny Antonucci </Li> <Li> Scott Underwood ( `` Smile for the Ed '' ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Voices of </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Matt Hill </Li> <Li> Samuel Vincent </Li> <Li> Tony Sampson </Li> <Li> David Paul Grove </Li> <Li> Kathleen Barr </Li> <Li> Peter Kelamis </Li> <Li> Erin Fitzgerald ( 1999 ; 2002 -- 09 ) </Li> <Li> Janyse Jaud </Li> <Li> Keenan Christensen </Li> <Li> Jenn Forgie ( 2001 -- 02 ) </Li> <Li> Tabitha St. Germain ( 1999 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme music composer </Th> <Td> Patric Caird </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> Canada United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 70 ( 131 segments ) ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Danny Antonucci </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Daniel Sioui </Li> <Li> Ruth Vincent </Li> <Li> Christine L. Danzo </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Editor ( s ) </Th> <Td> Ken Cathro </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 22 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> a.k.a. Cartoon </Li> <Li> Yeson Animation Studios </Li> <Li> Funbag Animation Studios </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. Television Distribution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Cartoon Network </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 480i ( 4 : 3 SDTV ) ( 1999 -- 2008 ) 1080i ( 16 : 9 HDTV ) ( 2009 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> January 4 , 1999 ( 1999 - 01 - 04 ) -- November 8 , 2009 ( 2009 - 11 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Ed , Edd n Eddy is a Canadian - American animated comedy television series created by Danny Antonucci for Cartoon Network , and the sixth of the network 's Cartoon Cartoons . The series revolves around three preteen boys named Ed , Edd ( called `` Double D '' to avoid confusion with Ed ) , and Eddy -- collectively known as `` the Eds '' -- who live in a suburban cul - de-sac in the fictional town of Peach Creek . Under the unofficial leadership of Eddy , the trio frequently invent schemes to make money from their peers to purchase their favorite confectionery , jawbreakers . Their plans usually fail , leaving them in various , often humiliating , predicaments . </P> <P> Adult cartoonist Antonucci was dared to create a children 's cartoon ; while designing a commercial , he conceived Ed , Edd n Eddy , designing it to resemble classic cartoons from the 1940s -- 1970s . He pitched the series to Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon , but the latter demanded creative control , leading to him making a deal with the former and the series premiering on January 4 , 1999 . During the show 's run , several specials and shorts were produced in addition to the regular television series . The series concluded with a TV movie , Ed , Edd n Eddy 's Big Picture Show , on November 8 , 2009 . </P> <P> Ed , Edd n Eddy received generally positive reviews from critics and became one of Cartoon Network 's most successful original series . It won a Reuben Award , two Leo Awards and a SOCAN Award , and was also nominated for another four Leo Awards , an Annie Award and two Kids ' Choice Awards . The show attracted an audience of 31 million households , was broadcast in 120 countries , and proved to be popular among children , teenagers , and adults . With a 10 - year run , Ed , Edd n Eddy was the longest - running Cartoon Network original series at the time of its end . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 Production <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Development </Li> <Li> 2.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 2.3 Animation </Li> <Li> 2.4 Music and title sequence </Li> <Li> 2.5 Broadcast </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Specials </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Appearances in other series or works </Li> <Li> 5 Reception , legacy , and achievements <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ratings and run length achievements </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 5.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Other media <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Shorts </Li> <Li> 6.2 Film </Li> <Li> 6.3 Publications </Li> <Li> 6.4 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Merchandise </Li> <Li> 8 In other languages </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise </H2> See also : List of Ed , Edd n Eddy characters From the left : Edd ( `` Double D '' ) , Eddy , and Ed <P> Ed , Edd n Eddy follows the lives of `` the Eds '' , three preteen boys who all share variations of the name Ed , but differ greatly in their personalities : Ed ( voiced by Matt Hill ) is the strong , dim - witted dogsbody of the group ; Edd ( Samuel Vincent ) , called Double D , is an inventor , neat freak , and the most intelligent of the Eds ; and Eddy ( Tony Sampson ) is a devious , quick - tempered , bitter con artist , and self - appointed leader of the Eds . The three devise plans to scam the cul - de-sac kids out of their money , which they want to use to buy jawbreakers . However , problems always ensue , and the Eds ' schemes usually end in failure and humiliation . </P> <P> The cul - de-sac kids do not include the Eds as part of their group , making the trio outcasts . The group of kids consist of : Jonny 2 × 4 ( David Paul `` Buck '' Grove ) is a loner whom his peers consider to be a nuisance , and spends most of his time with his imaginary friend , a wooden board named Plank ; Jimmy ( Keenan Christensen ) is a weak , insecure , and innocent yet accident - prone child , who is most often seen spending his time with Sarah ( Janyse Jaud ) , Ed 's spoiled and ill - tempered younger sister ; Rolf ( Peter Kelamis ) is an immigrant , who often participates in unconventional customs ; Kevin ( Kathleen Barr ) is a cynical and sardonic jock who detests the Eds , particularly Eddy ; Nazz ( Tabitha St. Germain ; Jenn Forgie ; Erin Fitzgerald ) , usually seen with Kevin , is a stereotypical dumb blonde and an unattainable love interest for the cul - de-sac kids . All of the cul - de-sac kids share a common fear of the Kanker Sisters , Lee ( Janyse Jaud ) , May ( Erin Fitzgerald ; Jenn Forgie ) , and Marie ( Kathleen Barr ) , three teenage girls who live in a nearby trailer park and are in love with the Eds . </P> <P> Aside from the Eds , the other cul - de-sac kids , and the Kanker Sisters , no other characters appeared in the series until the fifth season , when the silhouettes of other people were occasionally shown , and in `` Mission Ed - Possible '' , the arms of Eddy 's father and Ed 's mother were seen . In the series finale , Ed , Edd n Eddy 's Big Picture Show , Eddy 's adult brother ( Terry Klassen ) was seen for the first time , making him the only non-main character , and the only adult character to ever fully appear on the show . </P> <P> The series took place mostly within the fictional town of Peach Creek , and new locations were rarely introduced . The first four seasons of the show are set during a seemingly endless summer vacation , though from the fifth season onwards , the characters are shown attending junior high school in the fall and winter months . </P> <H2> Production </H2> <H3> Development </H3> Danny Antonucci , creator , director , executive producer , and co-writer of Ed , Edd n Eddy , produced the series on a dare . <P> Although cartoonist Danny Antonucci began his career by working as an animator on various children 's series for Hanna - Barbera , his later solo works were edgy and aimed at adult audiences . He gained notoriety with the 1987 short film Lupo the Butcher and then , after founding his own production studio , a.k.a. Cartoon in 1994 , created the series The Brothers Grunt for MTV . It was quickly cancelled , however , upon being met with generally poor reviews . </P> <P> On a dare , Antonucci then decided that he would try producing a children 's animated series of his own . While designing a commercial , he ended up drawing three characters that he felt particularly pleased with . Growing excited over their potential , he named them Ed , Edd , and Eddy and spent the following months developing a show around them . He faxed a one - page concept sheet to Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon in 1996 . Both studios quickly responded , Cartoon Network in only 20 minutes , and were enthusiastic and wanted to see more ; they each demanded creative control , however , and Antonucci refused . After Cartoon Network agreed to let Antonucci have control of the show , conversations between Antonucci and the studio continued . </P> <P> Vice president of programming and production of Cartoon Network , Mike Lazzo , showed high interest in the series and requested a show bible , which came through by fax , a few pages at a time , over a period of the next few months . After an affirmative response from Cartoon Network president Betty Cohen , the legal paperwork and deal - making began , followed by a start - up meeting at the Chateau Marmont Hotel in Los Angeles . A deal was made that Antonucci 's studio , a.k.a. Cartoon , would produce Ed , Edd n Eddy , the first Cartoon Network original series to be produced by an outside production company rather than Cartoon Network 's Hanna - Barbera . The series also entered production and bypassed a seven - minute short ; this marked the first time that one of the studio 's original series had ever done this . </P> <P> According to Antonucci , he based the characters on real people in his life . The personalities of Ed , Double D , and Eddy are based on his own traits as well as the activities of his two sons , while the cul - de-sac children and the Kanker sisters were all based on children he grew up

The main characters in the animated television series "Ed, Edd n Eddy" are

Ed edd n eddy double d boy or girl?

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A ( Pretty Little Liars ) - wikipedia <H1> A ( Pretty Little Liars ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` A '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Pretty Little Liars character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> Novel : Pretty Little Liars ( 2006 ) Television : `` Pilot '' ( episode 1.01 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Sara Shepard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aliases </Th> <Td> Original A Big A Uber A A-moji A.D. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pathology </Th> <Td> Stalker Spy Blackmailer Torturer Manipulator </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> M.O. </Th> <Td> Spying targets to discover secrets , taunting and threatening their victims via phone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Rosewood , Pennsylvania </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` A '' is a fictional character created in 2006 by author Sara Shepard . It is a character of both Pretty Little Liars ' books and television series , and primarily appears as a stalker and the main antagonist of the stories . `` A '' is one of the main characters of the stories , appearing anonymously in the majority of the episodes and books . </P> <P> The villain has already had many portrayals . Its basic occupation is to pursue and threaten the four protagonists of the stories . Thus , many identities have been revealed to be `` A '' . `` A '' has a specific and unhealthy way of dealing with the protagonists ; it often calls them as `` bitches '' , `` dolls '' and `` liars '' . Its handling and acts of terrorism caused great psychological and emotional damage to the protagonists , even leading them to be hospitalized . </P> <P> After the revelation of Mona Vanderwaal as the first and original `` A '' , she began receiving visits from someone , known as Red Coat , who offered her a partnership and together they built up the `` A-Team '' . The team had many members but disbanded after the season three finale and Big A began working with a single ally . The identity of the second `` A '' , Red Coat , and the leader of the `` A-Team '' was revealed to be CeCe Drake , while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey . Five years later , a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as `` A.D. '' , while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then , in the Series Finale , `` A.D. '' reveals themselves to be Alex Drake , the twin sister of Spencer . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Development <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Characterization </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Novels storylines <Ul> <Li> 2.1 The first `` A '' </Li> <Li> 2.2 The second `` A '' <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 The Helper , or Third `` A '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Television storylines <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Original `` A '' </Li> <Li> 3.2 Big `` A '' </Li> <Li> 3.3 Uber `` A '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 The A-Team <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Members <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Sara Harvey </Li> <Li> 4.1. 2 Sydney Driscoll </Li> <Li> 4.1. 3 Toby Cavanaugh </Li> <Li> 4.1. 4 Spencer Hastings </Li> <Li> 4.1. 5 Lucas Gottesman </Li> <Li> 4.1. 6 Melissa Hastings </Li> <Li> 4.1. 7 Darren Wilden </Li> <Li> 4.1. 8 Jenna Marshall </Li> <Li> 4.1. 9 Noel Kahn </Li> <Li> 4.1. 10 Aria Montgomery </Li> <Li> 4.1. 11 Mary Drake </Li> <Li> 4.1. 12 Wren Kingston </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Other `` A 's '' <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Caleb Rivers </Li> <Li> 5.2 Shana Fring </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Disguises <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Red Coat </Li> <Li> 6.2 The Black Widow </Li> <Li> 6.3 The Queen of Hearts </Li> <Li> 6.4 The Black Swan </Li> <Li> 6.5 The Black Hoodie </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Characterization ( edit ) </H3> <P> `` A '' makes appearances as a figure with black leather gloves , a black hood , dark pants , and dark shoes . Throughout the seasons , the story focuses on the mystery of `` A '' . However , `` Big A '' also sported different disguises , including that of Red Coat , while their ally disguised themselves as The Black Widow , while also donning the Red Coat identity on certain occasions . </P> <P> Uber A also dressed up as several disguises , including those of a gardener , a maid and a surgeon . They later costume themselves with the traditional look . </P> <H2> Novels storylines ( edit ) </H2> <H3> The first `` a '' ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Real identity : Mona Vanderwaal . </Li> </Ul> <P> Three year after the disappearance of Alison DiLaurentis , her four friends , Aria Montgomery , Spencer Hastings , Emily Fields , and Hanna Marin , each receive messages from someone calling themselves `` A . '' The girls had drifted apart over the years , so they had no idea that other people were getting texts as well . Additionally , the texts were about secrets only Ali knew about . At first , the messages were simply teasing and all of the girls wonder if their missing friend was the one who sent them . Though they knew she was most likely dead , she was still the only one who knew their darkest secrets . Once Ali 's body is discovered in her old backyard , the girls are even more baffled when they continue to receive threats . At Ali 's funeral , the girls are reunited and they find out that they 've all been receiving weird messages . As the girls stand outside after the funeral ends , they all get a text saying , `` I 'm still here , bitches . And I know everything . -- A '' . </P> <P> From that point on , the messages take on a distinctly more threatening tone . Aria is given an ultimatum to tell her mother about her father 's affair by midnight after the Foxy event , or A will do it for her . A continues to play life - altering games with the girls , from encouraging suspicion of Spencer 's involvement in Ali 's death to outing Emily 's sexuality to her conservative mother . However , A makes a serious mistake in texting Hanna on the night of Mona 's birthday party . Instead of using the plain Blackberry she bought just for tormenting the girls , A accidentally uses his / her own phone . Hanna , who has a new phone without all of her contacts recognizes the number , compelling A to act before Hanna can reveal A 's true identity to the others . A hits Hanna with an SUV , successfully destroying Hanna 's phone and putting her into a coma that eventually leads to a temporary loss of memory . Soon after that , `` A '' puts a drug in Emily 's pain cream which causes an Ulcer in the spot where she has been putting the cream . She ends up in the hospital and might not be able to swim again . </P> <P> A knew that there was a very good chance Hanna would regain her memory . Hanna 's best friend , Mona Vanderwaal , informs the girls that she has also received texts from A , drawing the five closer together in trying to figure out who their tormentor is . Mona subtly encourages Spencer 's fears that her sister , Melissa , might be A as well as Alison 's killer . During Hanna 's recovery masquerade celebration , she suddenly regains her memory , revealing that Mona is A. However , she , Emily , and Aria ca n't do much about it , because Spencer and Mona are on their way to the police station . After Spencer is warned about Mona by text , she tries to escape Mona 's car , but Mona catches on rather quickly and diverts to a path in a more remote area of Rosewood . She tells Spencer everything , from seeing Ali launch a firework into Toby Cavanaugh 's garage and blind her friend Jenna , to finding Ali 's diary of secrets among a pile of old DiLaurentis junk the St. Germains left at the curb , discovering the girls ' secrets that only Ali knew . Her motivation was to get revenge for her friend 's blindness , even though Jenna and Ali had planned together to launch the firework . Mona did n't know this and got a scar on her stomach from the ordeal . Mona also drops the bombshell that Ian Thomas killed Ali , due to Ali 's last diary entry about giving him an ultimatum to break up with Melissa . She then offers Spencer to become A with her and tell Hanna that she must not be remembering correctly , but she refuses . The two fight at Floating Man 's Quarry and Spencer accidentally pushes Mona , who falls and has her neck caught between rocks . </P> <H3> The second `` a '' ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Real identity : Alison DiLaurentis </Li> </Ul> <P> As the girls move into the big red house they are shocked to receive messages from a new person claiming to be Alison . At first , they believe it 's just a prank , especially since the first `` A '' got major news time . Then the girls believe it 's Ian Thomas , who is the prime suspect of the investigation . Spencer is especially certain of this until finding Ian 's body in the woods bordering her estate and the old DiLaurentis home . The girls all get a message from `` A , '' saying `` He had to go . - A '' . </P> <P> However , this Alison is even more twisted than the first ; Ian 's body disappears and the town is largely convinced that it was a hoax . `` A '' even teases Spencer , stating , `` Just because I said Ian had to go , it did n't mean he had to die . '' `` A '' pretends to be Ian , using an IM screenname of USCMidfielderRoxx , a testament to his alma mater and his love for field hockey . Through this new fake identity , `` A '' feeds Spencer some interesting information about her family , specifically her father 's affair with Mrs. DiLaurentis and the possibility that Ali is her half sister . `` A '' proceeds to torment the girls even more : they force Spencer to focus more on her father 's secret by enabling Spencer 's surrogate mother to scam her and clear out her two million dollar trust fund . `` A '' taunts Aria with pictures of her and her mother 's new love interest in compromising situations . They threaten to send these to her mother , even though Aria has tried to ward off her mother 's new boyfriend . `` A '' lands Hanna in the Preserve at Addison - Stevens , a lush clinic for troubled patients . `` A '' sends Emily on a trip to the Amish community in Lancaster to dig up more dirt on Officer Wilden . </P> <P> Throughout the second half of the series , the second `` A '' keeps up this forced information search with the girls , pushing them to find more information on Wilden and Jason DiLaurentis . `` A '' even plants the idea that they killed Ali . However , when Jenna is found dead in Heartless , `` A ''

The head of the "A" team in Pretty Little Liars is

Who is the head a in pretty little liars?

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the cultivation of wheat to the more salt - tolerant barley , yields still diminished . Eventually , decreasing agricultural production and other factors led to the decline of the civilization . From 2100 BC to 1700 BC , it is estimated that the population was reduced by nearly sixty percent . Civilizations similarly thought to have eventually fallen because of poor management of resources include the Mayans , Anasazi and Easter Islanders , among many others . In contrast , stable communities of shifting cultivators and horticulturists existed in New Guinea and South America , and large agrarian communities in China , India and elsewhere have farmed in the same localities for centuries . Some Polynesian cultures have maintained stable communities for between 1,000 and 3,000 years on small islands with minimal resources using rahui and kaitiakitanga to control human pressure on the environment . In Sri Lanka nature reserves established during the reign of king Devanampiyatissa and dating back to 307 BC were devoted to sustainability and harmonious living with nature . </P> <H2> Emergence of industrial Societies ( edit ) </H2> Further information : Fossil fuels A Watt steam engine , the steam engine fuelled primarily by coal that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world <P> Technological advances over several millennia gave humans increasing control over the environment . But it was the Western industrial revolution of the 18th to 19th centuries that tapped into the vast growth potential of the energy in fossil fuels . Coal was used to power ever more efficient engines and later to generate electricity . Modern sanitation systems and advances in medicine protected large populations from disease . Such conditions led to a human population explosion and unprecedented industrial , technological and scientific growth that has continued to this day , marking the commencement of a period of global human influence known as the Anthropocene . From 1650 to 1850 the global population doubled from around 500 million to 1 billion people . </P> <P> Concerns about the environmental and social impacts of industry were expressed by some Enlightenment political economists and through the Romantic movement of the 1800s . The Reverend Thomas Malthus , devised catastrophic and much - criticized theories of `` overpopulation '' , while John Stuart Mill foresaw the desirability of a `` stationary state '' economy , thus anticipating concerns of the modern discipline of ecological economics . In the late 19th century Eugenius Warming was the first botanist to study physiological relations between plants and their environment , heralding the scientific discipline of ecology . </P> Further information : Hans Carl von Carlowitz <H2> Early 20th century ( edit ) </H2> See also : Environmental movement <P> By the 20th century , the industrial revolution had led to an exponential increase in the human consumption of resources . The increase in health , wealth and population was perceived as a simple path of progress . However , in the 1930s economists began developing models of non-renewable resource management ( see Hotelling 's rule ) and the sustainability of welfare in an economy that uses non-renewable resources ( Hartwick 's rule ) . </P> <P> Ecology had now gained general acceptance as a scientific discipline , and many concepts vital to sustainability were being explored . These included : the interconnectedness of all living systems in a single living planetary system , the biosphere ; the importance of natural cycles ( of water , nutrients and other chemicals , materials , waste ) ; and the passage of energy through trophic levels of living systems . </P> <H2> Mid 20th century : environmentalism ( edit ) </H2> See also : Environmentalism and Environmental science <P> Following the deprivations of the great depression and World War II the developed world entered a new period of escalating growth , a post-1950s `` great acceleration ... a surge in the human enterprise that has emphatically stamped humanity as a global geophysical force . '' A gathering environmental movement pointed out that there were environmental costs associated with the many material benefits that were now being enjoyed . Innovations in technology ( including plastics , synthetic chemicals , nuclear energy ) and the increasing use of fossil fuels , were transforming society . Modern industrial agriculture -- the `` Green Revolution '' -- was based on the development of synthetic fertilizers , herbicides and pesticides which had devastating consequences for rural wildlife , as documented by American marine biologist , naturalist and environmentalist Rachel Carson in Silent Spring ( 1962 ) . </P> <P> In 1956 , American geoscientist M. King Hubbert 's peak oil theory predicted an inevitable peak of oil production , first in the United States ( between 1965 and 1970 ) , then in successive regions of the world -- with a global peak expected thereafter . In the 1970s environmentalism 's concern with pollution , the population explosion , consumerism and the depletion of finite resources found expression in Small Is Beautiful , by British economist E.F. Schumacher in 1973 , and The Limits to Growth published by the global think tank , the Club of Rome , in 1975 . </P> <H2> Late 20th century ( edit ) </H2> Further information : Sustainability and Sustainable development <P> Environmental problems were now becoming global in scale . The 1973 and 1979 energy crises demonstrated the extent to which the global community had become dependent on a nonrenewable resource ; President Carter in his State of the Union Address called on Americans to `` Conserve energy . Eliminate waste . Make 1980 indeed a year of energy conservation . '' While the developed world was considering the problems of unchecked development the developing countries , faced with continued poverty and deprivation , regarded development as essential to raise the living standards of their peoples . In 1980 the International Union for Conservation of Nature had published its influential World Conservation Strategy , followed in 1982 by its World Charter for Nature , which drew attention to the decline of the world 's ecosystems . </P> <P> In 1987 the United Nation 's World Commission on Environment and Development ( the Brundtland Commission ) , in its report Our Common Future suggested that development was acceptable , but it must be sustainable development that would meet the needs of the poor while not increasing environmental problems . Humanity 's demand on the planet has more than doubled over the past 45 years as a result of population growth and increasing individual consumption . In 1961 almost all countries in the world had more than enough capacity to meet their own demand ; by 2005 the situation had changed radically with many countries able to meet their needs only by importing resources from other nations . A move toward sustainable living by increasing public awareness and adoption of recycling , and renewable energies emerged . The development of renewable sources of energy in the 1970s and ' 80s , primarily in wind turbines and photovoltaics and increased use of hydroelectricity , presented some of the first sustainable alternatives to fossil fuel and nuclear energy generation , the first large - scale solar and wind power plants appearing during the 1980s and ' 90s . Also at this time many local and state governments in developed countries began to implement small - scale sustainability policies . </P> <H2> 21st century : global awareness ( edit ) </H2> <P> Through the work of climate scientists in the IPCC there is increasing global awareness of the threat posed by the human - induced enhanced greenhouse effect , produced largely by forest clearing and the burning of fossil fuels . In March 2009 the Copenhagen Climate Council , an international team of leading climate scientists , issued a strongly worded statement : `` The climate system is already moving beyond the patterns of natural variability within which our society and economy have developed and thrived . These parameters include global mean surface temperature , sea - level rise , ocean and ice sheet dynamics , ocean acidification , and extreme climatic events . There is a significant risk that many of the trends will accelerate , leading to an increasing risk of abrupt or irreversible climatic shifts . '' </P> <P> Ecological economics now seeks to bridge the gap between ecology and traditional neoclassical economics : it provides an inclusive and ethical economic model for society . A plethora of new concepts to help implement and measure sustainability are becoming more widely accepted including the car - free movement , smart growth ( more sustainable urban environments ) , life cycle assessment ( the cradle to cradle analysis of resource use and environmental impact over the life cycle of a product or process ) , ecological footprint analysis , green building , dematerialization ( increased recycling of materials ) , decarbonisation ( removing dependence on fossil fuels ) and much more . </P> <P> The work of Bina Agarwal and Vandana Shiva amongst many others , has brought some of the cultural wisdom of traditional , sustainable agrarian societies into the academic discourse on sustainability , and also blended that with modern scientific principles . In 2009 the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States determined that greenhouse gases `` endanger public health and welfare '' of the American people by contributing to climate change and causing more heat waves , droughts and flooding , and threatening food and water supplies . Rapidly advancing technologies now provide the means to achieve a transition of economies , energy generation , water and waste management , and food production towards sustainable practices using methods of systems ecology and industrial ecology . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> History of sustainable transport </Li> <Li> Outline of sustainability </Li> <Li> Environmental issue </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Beddoea , R. , Costanzaa , R. , Farleya , J. , Garza , E. , Kent , J. , Kubiszewski , I. , Martinez , L. , McCowen , T. , Murphy , K. , Myers , N. , Ogden , Z. , Stapleton , K. , and Woodward , J. ( February 24 , 2009 ) . `` Overcoming systemic roadblocks to sustainability : The evolutionary redesign of worldviews , institutions , and technologies . '' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 106 8 2483 -- 2489 . Retrieved on : 2009 - 08 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Wright , R. ( 2004 ) . A Short History of Progress . Toronto : Anansi . ISBN 0 - 88784 - 706 - 4 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Scholes , R. ( 2003 ) . Stories from the Stone Age . Beyond Productions in association with S4C and S4C International . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Retrieved on : 2009 - 04 - 16 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Clarke , W.C. ( 1977 ) . `` The Structure of Permanence : The Relevance of Self - Subsistence Communities for World Ecosystem Management , '' in Subsistence and Survival : Rural Ecology in the Pacific . Bayliss - Smith , T. and R. Feachem ( eds ) . London : Academic Press , pp. 363 -- 384 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Hilgenkamp , K. ( 2005 ) . Environmental Health : Ecological Perspectives . London : Jones & Bartlett . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7637 - 2377 - 4 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Meadows , D.H. , D.L. Meadows , J. Randers , and W. Behrens III . ( 1972 ) . The Limits to Growth . New York : Universe Books . ISBN 0 - 87663 - 165 - 0 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : World Wide Fund for Nature ( 2008 ) . Living Planet Report 2008 . Retrieved on : 2009 - 03 - 29 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ( 2005 ) . Ecosystems and Human Well - being : Biodiversity Synthesis . World Resources Institute ,

The term "sustainability" started to be used in

When did the term sustainability start to be used?

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and his mother makes a sexual advance on Steven , who quickly rebuffs her and goes home . Over the next few days , Martin 's demands on Steven 's time grow increasingly frequent and desperate , but Steven does not reply . One morning Bob awakens and finds he can not feel his legs -- he has become paralyzed . Steven and Anna rush him to the hospital , where a full neurological examination reveals that nothing is physically wrong . Though , he briefly recovers , Bob remains unable to walk . While the elder Murphys tend to Bob , Kim meets with Martin for a date . </P> <P> The next morning , Martin visits Bob in the hospital and demands that Steven speak to him in private . The two retreat to the cafeteria , where Martin reveals the truth : his father did not die immediately , as Steven told his wife , but during surgery that Steven himself performed after the crash . Steven failed to save Martin 's father , and the boy bluntly tells Steven that he blames the cardiologist for the death . He further explains that , to `` balance '' the act of destroying a family , Steven must kill one of the members of his own . Martin goes on to explain that he has placed a curse upon the Murphys that will gradually kill them through a series of stages unless Steven makes his choice and murders one of them ; the paralysis is the first of these four stages . Steven attempts to dismiss these seemingly wild claims , but later finds that Bob is refusing food -- this is the second stage of Martin 's curse . Kim later loses the use of her legs during a choir practice and also will not eat . </P> <P> Kim receives a phone call from Martin at the hospital . During the conversation , Kim abruptly regains the use of her legs , only to lose mobility again when the connection is broken . This seems to convince Anna of Martin 's power , and she travels to his home to directly ask why she and her children must suffer for Steven 's mistakes . The unrepentant Martin can not answer , simply remarking that `` it 's the only thing I can think of that 's close to justice '' . Anna , further suspecting that her formerly alcoholic husband may have imbibed on the day of the operation , speaks to Steven 's anesthesiologist , who reveals that Steven did in fact have a few drinks that morning , with Anna sexually gratifying him as payment for the information . At Anna 's insistence , the children are transported to their home , where they are continually fed though an NG tube . Anna and Steven fight over the situation , with Steven refusing to believe that anything supernatural is happening . That night , he kidnaps Martin and binds him to a chair in the basement , brutally beating him and demanding that he undo his hold on the children . Martin remains unflappable , warning Steven that time is running out . </P> <P> Martin 's presence only exacerbates the tension in the household : Kim and Bob argue with each other over who their father will choose ; Steven tries to gather information to make the decision ; and Anna claims that killing one of the children is clearly the only option , as they can have another . Kim attempts to save herself by traveling to the basement to see Martin , demanding that he free her again so that they may run away together . Her strategy fails and she tries to escape herself by crawling through the neighborhood . Steven and Anna save her . The next morning , Anna releases Martin while Steven sleeps , pointing out that holding him captive was of no use . Later that day , Bob begins bleeding from the eyes -- the final stage of the curse before death . Rather than choose , Steven binds Kim , Bob , and Anna to chairs in the living room , covers their heads , and pulls a black woolen mask over his own face . He next loads a rifle , spins uncontrollably , and fires . The first two shots miss , but the third pierces Bob 's heart and kills him . </P> <P> Some time later , the family visits the same diner where Steven previously met with Martin . As they sit in silence , Martin enters and stares at them ; he and the family briefly lock eyes and Kim begins eating before they stand and leave . Martin gazes after them as they walk through the door . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Colin Farrell as Steven Murphy , Anna 's husband and Bob and Kim 's father </Li> <Li> Nicole Kidman as Anna Murphy , Steven 's wife and Bob and Kim 's mother </Li> <Li> Barry Keoghan as Martin , a teenager whom Steven meets with </Li> <Li> Raffey Cassidy as Kim Murphy , Steven and Anna 's daughter and Bob 's sister </Li> <Li> Sunny Suljic as Bob Murphy , Steven and Anna 's son and Kim 's brother </Li> <Li> Alicia Silverstone as Martin 's mother </Li> <Li> Bill Camp as Matthew , an anesthesiologist </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> On May 11 , 2016 , it was announced that Colin Farrell had been cast in the film , with Yorgos Lanthimos directing from a screenplay he had written with Efthymis Filipou . Film4 Productions and Element Pictures produced the project . In June 2016 , Nicole Kidman was cast in the film , and in August 2016 , Alicia Silverstone , Raffey Cassidy , Bill Camp , Barry Keoghan , and Sunny Suljic also joined . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> As of August 23 , 2016 , the film had begun principal photography in Cincinnati , filming at The Christ Hospital . It was also shot in the Hyde Park and Northside neighborhoods . The school scenes in the film were shot at Roger Bacon High School . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> In May 2016 , A24 acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film . The same month , Haut et Court acquired French rights . It had its world premiere at the Cannes Film Festival on May 22 , 2017 . Lanthimos and Filippou won the Best Screenplay award at the festival . </P> <P> The film was theatrically released in the United States on October 20 , 2017 and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on November 3 , 2017 . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating 79 % , based on 220 reviews , with an average rating of 7.6 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` The Killing of a Sacred Deer continues director Yorgos Lanthimos ' stubbornly idiosyncratic streak -- and demonstrates again that he is a talent not to be ignored . '' On Metacritic , which assigns a normalized rating , the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100 , based on 45 critics , indicating `` generally favorable reviews '' . </P> <H3> Accolades ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Award </Th> <Th> Date of ceremony </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Recipient ( s ) and nominee ( s ) </Th> <Th> Result </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cannes Film Festival </Td> <Td> May 26 , 2017 </Td> <Td> Palme D'Or </Td> <Td> Yorgos Lanthimos </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Screenplay Award </Td> <Td> Yorgos Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou </Td> <Td> Won </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> European Film Awards </Td> <Td> December 10 , 2017 </Td> <Td> Best European Actor </Td> <Td> Colin Farrell </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best European Director </Td> <Td> Yorgos Lanthimos </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best European Screenwriter </Td> <Td> Yorgos Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Independent Spirit Awards </Td> <Td> March 3 , 2018 </Td> <Td> Best Supporting Male </Td> <Td> Barry Keoghan </Td> <Td> Pending </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Cinematography </Td> <Td> Thimios Bakatakis </Td> <Td> Pending </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sitges Film Festival </Td> <Td> October 14 , 2017 </Td> <Td> Best Film </Td> <Td> The Killing of a Sacred Deer </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> José Luis Guarner Critics ' Award </Td> <Td> Won </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Killing of a Sacred Deer ( 2017 ) '' . The Numbers . Retrieved January 6 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lincoln , Kevin ( October 27 , 2017 ) . `` The Ancient Greek Plays That Explain How The Killing of a Sacred Deer Got Its Title '' . Vulture.com . Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lane , Anthony ( October 30 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Killing of a Sacred Deer ' and ' The Square ' '' . The Current Cinema ( column ) . New Yorker . access - date = requires url = ( help ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Killing of a Sacred Deer ( 2017 ) '' . The Numbers . Retrieved January 6 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lodderhose , Diana ( May 11 , 2016 ) . `` Cannes : Colin Farrell Reunites With Yorgos Lanthimos for ' The Killing of a Sacred Deer ' ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Retrieved August 26 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( June 15 , 2016 ) . `` Nicole Kidman in Talks to Join Colin Farrell in ' Killing of a Sacred Deer ' '' . Variety . Retrieved August 30 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Tartaglione , Nancy ( August 23 , 2016 ) . `` Alicia Silverstone Joins Colin Farrell , Nicole Kidman in ' Killing of a Sacred Deer ' '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved August 30 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Wiseman , Andreas ( August 23 , 2016 ) . `` Farrell , Kidman begin shoot on Yorgos Lanthimos drama '' . Screen Daily . Retrieved August 26 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Vicar , Nathan . `` Movie filmed in Cincinnati booed at Cannes '' . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 27 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jafaar , Ali ( May 11 , 2016 ) . `` A24 Picks Up Yorgos Lanthimos ' ' The Killing of a Sacred Deer ' -- Cannes '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved August 30 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jafaar , Ali ( May 16 , 2016 ) . `` Haut et Court Acquires French Rights to Yorgos Lanthimos ' ' The Killing of a Sacred Deer ' -- Cannes '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved August 30 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Tartaglione , Nancy ; Evans , Greg ( April 13 , 2017 ) . `` Cannes Lineup : Todd Haynes , Sofia Coppola , Noah Baumbach , ' Twin Peaks ' '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved April 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The 2017 Official Selection '' . Cannes. 13 April 2017 . Retrieved 13 April 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2017 Cannes Film Festival Announces Lineup : Todd Haynes , Sofia Coppola , ' Twin Peaks ' and More '' . IndieWire. 13 April 2017 . Retrieved 13 April 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Debruge , Peter ( 28 May 2017 ) . `` 2017 Cannes Film Festival

The 2017 psychological horror-thriller film "The Killing of a Sacred Deer" was filmed in

Where was the killing of a sacred deer filmed?

3359008398677892283

17 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 101 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $17 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $125.2 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> I Know What You Did Last Summer is a 1997 American slasher horror film written by Kevin Williamson and directed by Jim Gillespie . The film is loosely based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Lois Duncan . The film also draws inspiration from the urban legend known as the Hook . The film stars Jennifer Love Hewitt , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Ryan Phillippe , and Freddie Prinze Jr. , with Anne Heche , Bridgette Wilson , and Johnny Galecki appearing in supporting roles . I Know What You Did Last Summer centers on four friends who are being stalked by a killer , one year after covering up a car accident in which they were involved . </P> <P> I Know What You Did Last Summer received mixed reviews from critics , but was commercially successful , grossing over $125 million at the box office . It was also nominated for and won multiple awards . As a result , the film has been parodied and referenced in popular culture . </P> <P> The film was followed by two sequels , I Still Know What You Did Last Summer ( 1998 ) and the straight - to - DVD release I 'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer ( 2006 ) . Though the former film has a continuation of the plotline established in its predecessor , the latter film establishes a new plotline and does not star any cast members from the previous two installments . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 4.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 4.3 Awards and nominations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Music <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Soundtrack </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Home media </Li> <Li> 7 Sequels and remake </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> On the Fourth of July 1996 in Southport , North Carolina , Julie James , her boyfriend Ray Bronson , Julie 's best friend Helen Shivers , and Helen 's boyfriend Barry Cox , are all driving home from a party . Along the road , they accidentally hit a pedestrian . Max , who has a crush on Julie , stops by . Julie reassures Max that everything is all right , and he leaves . After some arguing , the group decides to dispose of the body , dumping it in the water . The group agrees to never again discuss what had happened . </P> <P> The following year , a disheartened Julie returns home from college for the summer . Since the incident , the group has gone their separate ways . Julie receives a letter with no return address , stating , `` I know what you did last summer ! '' A disturbed Julie informs Helen , who works at her family store . The girls take the note to Barry , who immediately thinks Max is responsible . They confront Max on the docks , and Barry threatens him with a hook . Julie meets Ray , who is now working as a fisherman ; he unsuccessfully tries to reconcile with her . Later , Max is killed by a figure in a rain slicker wielding a hook . Barry discovers a note in his gym locker saying , `` I know . '' He is then ambushed by the same assailant driving Barry 's car . </P> <P> Meanwhile , Julie believes that the man they had run over was David Egan . Helen and she head over to visit with David 's sister Missy at her home . Missy explains to them that their family was devastated by David 's death ; she also mentions that a friend of David 's named Billy Blue also visited her to pay his last respects . </P> <P> Later that night , the killer sneaks into Helen 's house , cuts off her hair while she sleeps , and writes `` Soon '' on her mirror . Julie finds Max 's corpse wearing Barry 's stolen jacket in the trunk of her car . When she calls the others , the body is missing . Ray claims to have received a threatening letter , too . While Helen rides with Barry as the reigning Croaker Queen in the Fourth of July parade , they notice a man wearing a slicker . Barry chases him , but it turns out to be a red herring . </P> <P> Julie goes back to Missy , who reveals David allegedly committed suicide out of guilt for the death of his girlfriend Susie in a car accident . Missy shows David 's suicide note to Julie . As the writing matches that of the note she received , Julie realizes it was not a suicide note , but a death threat . At the Croaker Pageant , Helen witnesses Barry being murdered on the balcony . She rushes up there with a police officer , but finds no sign of the killer or Barry . </P> <P> While driving Helen home , the officer is stopped by a stalled truck , then killed by a dark figure with a hook . Helen rushes to her family 's store , but the killer follows her inside and kills Helen 's sister Elsa . Helen manages to flee , but the killer chases her into an alley and slashes her to death , her screams drowned out by the noise of the parade . </P> <P> Julie finds an article mentioning Susie 's father , Ben Willis , and realizes it is Ben they ran over , moments after he had killed David to avenge his daughter . She then goes to the docks to tell Ray , but he refuses to believe her . Julie notices Ray 's boat is called Billy Blue and runs away before Ray can explain that he went to see Missy to relieve his conscience . Ben appears , knocks Ray out , and invites Julie to hide on his boat . Looking around , she finds photos and articles about her friends and her , and pictures of Susie . Ben 's boat leaves the docks , as Ray regains consciousness and steals a motorboat to rescue Julie , who is being chased all around Ben 's boat . Ray ultimately uses the rigging to sever Ben 's hook - carrying hand and send him overboard . When the police question them , they deny knowing why Ben attempted to kill them , but they are relieved not to have actually killed anybody the previous summer , and reconcile . </P> <P> A year later , Julie is in college in Boston . As she enters the shower , she notices the words `` I still know '' on the mirror . Moments later , a dark figure crashes through it . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of I Know What You Did Last Summer characters <Ul> <Li> Jennifer Love Hewitt as Julie James </Li> <Li> Sarah Michelle Gellar as Helen Shivers </Li> <Li> Ryan Phillippe as Barry Cox </Li> <Li> Freddie Prinze Jr. as Ray Bronson </Li> <Li> Bridgette Wilson as Elsa Shivers </Li> <Li> Anne Heche as Missy Egan </Li> <Li> Muse Watson as Ben Willis </Li> <Li> Johnny Galecki as Max Neurick </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> The cliff and rock ( at bottom , center ) where David Eagan is sitting and drinking during the sunset scene at the beginning of the movie , filmed at Kolmer Gulch near Jenner , California The blind curve on California State Route 1 at Kolmer Gulch where Barry 's BMW hits pedestrian David Eagan early in the movie , filmed in Sonoma County near Jenner <P> Although the movie is set in coastal North Carolina , most of the opening scenes were filmed in Sonoma County , California . In the first scene , the movie opens with an aerial shot over the ocean at sunset that transitions to David Eagan , who is sitting on a coastal cliff at sunset . This scene was filmed at Kolmer Gulch , just north of the town of Jenner , on Highway 1 . The night - time beach scene was filmed just south of Jenne . The ensuing car scene where Julie , Helen , Barry , and Ray accidentally hit the pedestrian ( David Eagan ) was also filmed at Kolmer Gulch on Highway 1 . The remaining scenes were filmed primarily around the vicinity of Southport , North Carolina . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> In its opening weekend , the film grossed $15,818,645 in 2,524 theaters in the United States and Canada , ranking number one . By the end of its run , I Know What You Did Last Summer grossed $72,586,134 domestically and $53 million internationally for a worldwide total of $126 million . </P> <H3> Critical reception ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film received mixed reviews upon release , inevitably drawing both positive and negative comparisons to Scream , also written by Williamson . Mick LaSalle thought it inferior to Scream , but Richard Harrington compared it favorably , stating that it was `` ... a smart , sharply drawn genre film with a moral center and a solid cast of young actors to hold it . '' Variety was also enthusiastic , calling it a `` polished genre piece with superior fright elements that should perform at better than average theatrical levels . '' On Rotten Tomatoes , 35 % of reviews were positive . Metacritic reported an aggregate score of 52 out of 100 based on 17 reviews . Critic Roger Ebert gave the film one of four stars and wrote in his review , `` The best shot in this film is the first one . Not a good sign . '' </P> <P> Jennifer Love Hewitt was praised for her performance as Julie James . An Entertainment Weekly columnist stated that Hewitt knows how to scream with soul . </P> <P> Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` B - '' on an A+ to F scale . </P> <H3> Awards and nominations ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Ceremony </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Nominee </Th> <Th> Result </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ASCAP Award </Td> <Td> Top Box Office Films </Td> <Td> John Debney </Td> <Td> Won </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Saturn Award </Td> <Td> Best Horror Film </Td> <Td> I Know What You Did Last Summer </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Blockbuster Entertainment Award </Td> <Td> Favorite Female Newcomer </Td> <Td> Jennifer Love Hewitt </Td> <Td> Won </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Favorite Actress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Favorite Supporting Actress -- Horror </Td> <Td> Sarah Michelle Gellar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Favorite Actor -- Horror </Td> <Td> Freddie Prinze Jr . </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Favorite Actress -- Horror </Td> <Td> Jennifer Love Hewitt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Favorite Supporting Actor </Td> <Td> Ryan Phillippe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> International Horror Guild Award </Td> <Td> Best Movie </Td> <Td> I Know What You Did Last Summer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MTV Movie Awards </Td> <Td> Best Breakthrough Performance </Td> <Td> Sarah Michelle Gellar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Young Artist Award </Td> <Td> Best Performance in a Feature Film -- Leading Young Actress </Td> <Td> Jennifer Love Hewitt </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Music ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film produced two soundtracks

The killer in the movie "I Know What You Did Last Summer" was

Who was the killer in the movie i know what you did last summer?

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Tsetse fly - wikipedia <H1> Tsetse fly </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Tsetse fly </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Tsetse fly </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Scientific classification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom : </Td> <Td> Animalia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Clade : </Td> <Td> Euarthropoda </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Class : </Td> <Td> Insecta </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Order : </Td> <Td> Diptera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Suborder : </Td> <Td> Brachycera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Infraorder : </Td> <Td> Muscomorpha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Section : </Td> <Td> Schizophora </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Subsection : </Td> <Td> Calyptratae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Superfamily : </Td> <Td> Hippoboscoidea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Family : </Td> <Td> Glossinidae Theobald , 1903 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Genus : </Td> <Td> Glossina Wiedemann , 1830 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Species groups </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Morsitans ( `` savannah '' subgenus ) </Li> <Li> Fusca ( `` forest '' subgenus ) </Li> <Li> Palpalis ( `` riverine '' subgenus ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Range of the tsetse fly </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Tsetse ( / ˈsiːtsi / SEET - see , US : / ˈtsiːtsi / TSEET - see or UK : / ˈtsɛtsi / TSET - see ) , sometimes spelled tzetze and also known as tik - tik flies , are large biting flies that inhabit much of tropical Africa . Tsetse flies include all the species in the genus Glossina , which are placed in their own family , Glossinidae . The tsetse are obligate parasites that live by feeding on the blood of vertebrate animals . Tsetse have been extensively studied because of their role in transmitting disease . They have a prominent economic impact in sub-Saharan Africa as the biological vectors of trypanosomes , which cause human sleeping sickness and animal trypanosomiasis . Tsetse are multivoltine and long - lived , typically producing about four broods per year , and up to 31 broods over their lifespans . </P> <P> Tsetse can be distinguished from other large flies by two easily observed features . Tsetse fold their wings completely when they are resting so that one wing rests directly on top of the other over their abdomens . Tsetse also have a long proboscis , which extends directly forward and is attached by a distinct bulb to the bottom of their heads . </P> <P> Fossilized tsetse have been recovered from the Florissant Fossil Beds in Colorado , laid down some 34 million years ago . Twenty - three extant species of tsetse flies are known from Africa . </P> <P> Tsetse were absent from much of southern and eastern Africa until colonial times . The accidental introduction of rinderpest in 1887 killed most of the cattle in these areas , and the resulting famine removed much of the human population . Thorny bush ideal for tsetse quickly grew up , and was populated by wild mammals . Tsetse and sleeping sickness soon colonised the whole region , effectively excluding farming and animal husbandry . Hunters and conservationists supposed that the empty , game - rich land was typical of primeval Africa . Large areas were turned over to reserves , first for game hunting and later for conservation . Sleeping sickness was described by conservationists as `` the best game warden in Africa '' . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 Biology <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Morphology </Li> <Li> 2.2 Anatomy </Li> <Li> 2.3 Life cycle </Li> <Li> 2.4 Genetics </Li> <Li> 2.5 Symbionts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Systematics <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Species </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Tsetse , hunger , and poverty <Ul> <Li> 4.1 History </Li> <Li> 4.2 Situation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Trypanosomiasis <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Disease hosts and vectors </Li> <Li> 5.2 In humans </Li> <Li> 5.3 In domestic animals </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Control <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Control techniques <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 Slaughter of wild animals </Li> <Li> 6.1. 2 Land clearing </Li> <Li> 6.1. 3 Pesticide campaigns </Li> <Li> 6.1. 4 Trapping </Li> <Li> 6.1. 5 Sterile insect technique </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Effect on societal development </Li> <Li> 8 T. brucei sexual cycle </Li> <Li> 9 Resistance of tsetse flies to trypanosome infection </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> <Li> 14 Resources <Ul> <Li> 14.1 Textbooks </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The word tsetse means `` fly '' in Tswana , a Bantu language of southern Africa . Recently , tsetse without the fly has become more common in English , particularly in the scientific and development communities . </P> <P> The word is pronounced tseh - tseh in the Sotho languages and is easily rendered in other African languages . During World War II , a de Havilland antisubmarine aircraft was known as the ' Tsetse ' Mosquito . </P> <H2> Biology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The biology of tsetse is relatively well understood by entomologists . They have been extensively studied because of their medical , veterinary , and economic importances , because the flies can be raised in a laboratory , and because they are relatively large , facilitating their analysis . </P> <H3> Morphology ( edit ) </H3> <P> Tsetse flies can be seen as independent individuals in two forms : as third - instar larvae , and as adults . </P> <P> Tsetse first become separate from their mothers during the third larval instar , during which they have the typical appearance of maggots . However , this life stage is short , lasting at most a few hours , and is almost never observed outside of the laboratory . </P> <P> Tsetse next develop a hard external case , the puparium , and become pupae -- small , hard - shelled , oblongs with two distinctive , small , dark lobes at the tail ( breathing ) end . Tsetse pupae are under 1.0 cm long . Within the puparial shell , tsetse complete the last two larval instars and the pupal stage . </P> <P> At the end of the pupal stage , tsetse emerge as adult flies . The adults are relatively large flies , with lengths of 0.5 - 1.5 cm , and have a recognizable shape or bauplan which makes them easy to distinguish from other flies . Tsetse have large heads , distinctly separated eyes , and unusual antennae . The thorax is quite large , while the abdomen is wide rather than elongated and shorter than the wings . </P> <P> Four characteristics definitively separate adult tsetse from other kinds of flies : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Proboscis </Td> <Td> Tsetse have a distinct proboscis , a long thin structure attached to the bottom of the head and pointing forward . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Folded wings </Td> <Td> When at rest , tsetse fold their wings completely one on top of the other . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hatchet cell </Td> <Td> The discal medial ( `` middle '' ) cell of the wing has a characteristic hatchet shape resembling a meat cleaver or a hatchet . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Branched arista hairs </Td> <Td> The antennae have arista with hairs which are themselves branched . </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Anatomy ( edit ) </H3> <P> Like all other insects , tsetse flies have an adult body comprising three visibly distinct parts : the head , the thorax and the abdomen . </P> <P> The head has large eyes , distinctly separated on each side , and a distinct , forward - pointing proboscis attached underneath by a large bulb . The thorax is large , made of three fused segments . Three pairs of legs are attached to the thorax , as are two wings and two halteres . The abdomen is short but wide and changes dramatically in volume during feeding . </P> <P> The internal anatomy of tsetse is fairly typical of the insects . The crop is large enough to accommodate a huge increase in size during the bloodmeal since tsetse can take a bloodmeal equal in weight to themselves . The reproductive tract of adult females includes a uterus which can become large enough to hold the third - instar larva at the end of each pregnancy . The article Parasitic flies of domestic animals has a diagram of anatomy of dipteran flies . </P> <P> Most tsetse flies are physically very tough . Houseflies are easily killed with a flyswatter , but a great deal of effort is needed to crush a tsetse fly . </P> <H3> Life cycle ( edit ) </H3> Glossina palpalis and G. morsitans from a 1920 lexicon <P> Tsetse have an unusual lifecycle which may be due to the richness of their food source . A female fertilizes only one egg at a time and retains each egg within her uterus to have the offspring develop internally during the first three larval stages , a method called adenotrophic viviparity . During this time , the female feeds the developing offspring with a milky substance secreted by a modified gland in the uterus . In the third larval stage , the tsetse larva leaves the uterus and begins its independent life . The newly independent tsetse larva crawls into the ground , and develops a hard outer shell called the puparial case , in which it completes its morphological transformation into an adult fly . </P> <P> This lifestage has a variable duration , generally 20 to 30 days , and the larva must rely on stored resources during this time . The importance of the richness of blood to this development can be seen , since all tsetse development before it emerges from the puparial case as a full adult occurs without feeding , based only on nutritional resources provided by the female parent . The female must get enough energy for her needs , for the needs of her developing offspring , and for the stored resources which her offspring will require until it emerges as an adult . </P> <P> Technically , these insects undergo the standard development process of insects , which consists of oocyte formation , ovulation , fertilization , development of the egg , three larval stages , a pupal stage , and the emergence and maturation of the adult . </P> <H3> Genetics ( edit ) </H3> <P> The genome of Glossina morsitans was sequenced in 2014 . </P> <H3> Symbionts ( edit ) </H3> <P> Tsetse flies three known symbionts . The primary symbiont is Wigglesworthia within the flys ' bacteriocytes , the secondary symbiont is Sodalis intercellularly or intracellularly , and the third is some kind of Wolbachia . </P> <P> The tsetse G. palpalis is also a vector and host of the sporozoan Hepatozoon petti , a parasite of the Nile crocodile . </P> <H2> Systematics ( edit ) </H2> <P> Tsetse are in the order Diptera , the true flies . They belong to the superfamily Hippoboscoidea , in which the tsetse 's family , the Glossinidae , is one of four families of blood - feeding obligate parasites . </P> <P> Up to 34 species and subspecies of tsetse flies are recognized , depending on the particular classification used . </P> <P> All current classifications place all the tsetse species in a single genus named Glossina . Most classifications place this genus as the sole member of the family Glossinidae . The Glossinidae are generally placed within the superfamily Hippoboscoidea , which contains other hematophagous families . </P> <H3> Species ( edit ) </H3> <P> The tsetse genus is generally split into three groups of species based on a combination of distributional , behavioral , molecular and morphological characteristics . The genus includes : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The ' savannah ' flies : ( subgenus Morsitans , occasionally named Glossina ) : <Ul> <Li>

Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) differ from other dipteran flies in that they

How do tsetse flies (glossina spp.) differ from other dipteran flies?

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emigrant family . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 4.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 4.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Home media </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Sick of betrayals the United States government perpetrated on the Native Americans , Colonel William Ludlow leaves the Army and moves to a remote part of Montana . Along with One Stab , a Cree friend , he builds a ranch and raises his family . Accompanying them are hired hand and former outlaw Decker , Decker 's Cree wife Pet , and daughter Isabel Two . Ludlow has three sons : Alfred , the eldest , is responsible and cautious ; Tristan , the Colonel 's favorite son , is wild and well - versed in American Indian traditions ; Samuel , the youngest , is educated but naive and constantly watched over by his brothers . </P> <P> Ludlow 's wife Isabel does not adapt to the harsh Montana winters and moves to the East Coast ; Tristan vows never to speak of her again . At age 12 , Tristan touches a sleeping grizzly bear . The bear awakens and injures him , but he stabs at the bear 's paw and cuts off a claw . </P> <P> Years later , Samuel returns from Harvard University with his fiancée , Susannah . Susannah talks with Isabel Two and learns of her fondness for Tristan . Susannah finds Tristan captivating but loves Samuel . Before they can marry , Samuel announces his intention to join the Canadian Expeditionary Force and aid Britain in the fight against Germany . Much to their father 's displeasure , Alfred also joins . Although Tristan does not want to join , he does so to protect his brothers . </P> <P> During World War I , the brothers find themselves in the 10th Battalion , CEF . Alfred , commissioned as an officer , leads a charge into no man 's land . The attack results in heavy casualties and Alfred is wounded . While visiting Alfred in the field hospital , Tristan learns that Samuel has volunteered for a dangerous reconnaissance mission . He rushes off to protect his brother but arrives too late . A devastated Tristan holds Samuel until he dies , then cuts out his brother 's heart and sends it home to be buried at the ranch . Tristan single - handedly raids the German lines . He returns to camp with the scalps of German soldiers hanging around his neck , horrifying his fellow soldiers . He is discharged but does not go home . Alfred returns to Montana and proposes to Susannah , but she declines . </P> <P> Tristan returns home , where Susannah finds him weeping over Samuel 's grave . She comforts him , and they become lovers . A jealous Alfred confronts Tristan and leaves to make his name in Helena . Tristan is plagued with guilt over Samuel 's death and feels responsible for driving Alfred away ; he leaves Montana for several years . Susannah waits for him , only to receive a letter telling her to marry someone else . Alfred comforts Susannah . Ludlow finds them together , which leads to a falling out between him and Alfred . Ludlow later suffers a stroke . He does not speak for years and the ranch deteriorates . Susannah marries Alfred , now a congressman . Alfred 's business and politics cause him to get involved with the O'Banion brothers , bootleggers and gangsters . </P> <P> Tristan returns during Prohibition , bringing life back to the ranch and his father . He falls in love with Isabel Two and they marry . They have two children , the elder being a boy named Samuel . Tristan becomes involved in small - scale rum - running , finding himself at odds with the O'Banion brothers . Isabel is accidentally killed by a police officer working for the O'Banions . In a fit of grief , Tristan beats the officer nearly to death and is jailed . Susannah visits Tristan , still having feelings for him , but he refuses her advances . After his release , Tristan and Decker kill those responsible for Isabel 's death , including one of the O'Banion brothers . </P> <P> Realizing she can not live without Tristan , Susannah commits suicide . The remaining O'Banion brother , along with the corrupt sheriff and another police officer , comes after Tristan for revenge . At the ranch , Ludlow and Alfred kill the attackers . Alfred reconciles with his father and brother . The family realizes that Tristan is likely to be blamed for the deaths , which prompts Tristan to ask Alfred to take care of his children . One Stab 's narration explains that later during the night they bury the bodies and dump the car in the Missouri River . He reflects that rather than dying young as he , the American Indian , had expected , Tristan lived to watch his children and grandchildren grow . One Stab observes that it was the people Tristan loved and wanted to protect most that died young . The last scene takes place in 1963 . Tristan , now an old man living in the North Country investigates an animal carcass as he is confronted by a grizzly bear . He draws his knife and fights it . As they struggle , the image freeze - frames as One Stab narrates , `` It was a good death '' . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Brad Pitt as Tristan Ludlow <Ul> <Li> Keegan MacIntosh as Young Tristan Ludlow </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Anthony Hopkins as Col. William Ludlow </Li> <Li> Aidan Quinn as Alfred Ludlow </Li> <Li> Julia Ormond as Susannah Fincannon - Ludlow </Li> <Li> Henry Thomas as Samuel Ludlow </Li> <Li> Karina Lombard as Isabel `` Isabel II '' Decker / Isabel Decker Ludlow <Ul> <Li> Sekwan Auger as Young Isabel II Decker </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Gordon Tootoosis as One Stab </Li> <Li> Christina Pickles as Isabel Ludlow </Li> <Li> Paul Desmond as Roscoe Decker </Li> <Li> Tantoo Cardinal as Pet Decker </Li> <Li> Robert Wisden as John T. O'Banion </Li> <Li> John Novak as James O'Banion </Li> <Li> Kenneth Welsh as Sheriff Tynert </Li> <Li> Bart the Bear as the Bear </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> Legends of the Fall was primarily filmed on location in Alberta and British Columbia , Canada . Principal photography began in mid-September 1993 . The World War I battlefield scenes took two weeks to film and were shot near Morley , Alberta , with hundreds of locals and a few Canadian Forces soldiers recruited as extras . The Ghost River Wilderness Area in Alberta served as the filming location for the Ludlow ranch ; additional outdoor scenes , as well as the funeral and cemetery scenes , were shot at the Bow River near Banff National Park . A historic harbour area in Vancouver called Gastown was augmented with period building facades for the Helena , Montana street scenes . Hotel scenes were shot at the Hotel Europe at 43 Powell Street in Vancouver . Additional scenes were shot at Maple Leaf Square in Gastown , Vancouver , and Ocho Rios in Saint Ann , Jamaica . Filming wrapped up around January 1994 . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film opened in limited release on December 23 , 1994 , and expanded to a wide release on January 13 , 1995 . During its first weekend in wide release , which was a four - day weekend due to Martin Luther King , Jr . Day , the film reached number one at the domestic box office after grossing $14 million . After its initial run , the film brought in a final box office total of $160,638,883 . Against its $30 million budget , the film was a financial success . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 56 % of 54 film critics have given the film a positive review , with a rating average of 5.8 out of 10 . Metacritic , which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics , gives the film a score of 45 based on 23 reviews , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . IMBD gave the film a score of 7.5 / 10 based on reviews from critics , indicating generally positive reviews . </P> <P> Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun - Times described the film as `` pretty good ... with full - blooded performances and heartfelt melodrama '' . Peter Travers of Rolling Stone particularly praised Pitt 's performance saying , `` Though the admirable Quinn has the toughest role , Pitt carries the picture . The blue - eyed boy who seemed a bit lost in Interview with the Vampire proves himself a bona fide movie star , stealing every scene he 's in . '' Comparatively , Chris Hicks of Deseret News noted , `` Pitt is the hunk of the moment , and Legends of the Fall will only further cement his big - screen , romantic leading - man status . And he is satisfying as the internalized , rebellious Tristan ( look for that name to be given to more than a few babies over the next few years ) . Even if the character seems only a slight twist on the similar role he played in A River Runs Through It . ( He even becomes a bootlegger ! ) '' </P> <P> On the other hand , Rita Kempley of The Washington Post stated that the film 's `` yarn does n't so much sweep as sprawl across the screen in all its panoramic idiocy '' . Janet Maslin of The New York Times commented , `` Before it turns exhaustingly hollow , this film shows the potential for bringing Mr. Harrison 's tough , brooding tale to life . And the actors may have captured the spirit of the story , but that 's impossible to know . '' She concluded , `` These are performances that lost too much in the editing room , smothered by music and overshadowed by a picture - postcard vision of the American West . '' </P> <H3> Accolades ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film was nominated for the Academy Awards for Best Cinematography ( John Toll ) , Best Art Direction ( Lilly Kilvert , Dorree Cooper ) , and Best Sound ( Paul Massey , David E. Campbell , Chris David and Douglas Ganton ) , and won the category for Best Cinematography . In addition , the film was nominated for the Golden Globes for Best Picture -- Drama , Best Actor -- Drama ( Brad Pitt ) , Best Director ( Edward Zwick ) , and Best Original Score ( James Horner ) . </P> <H2> Home Media ( edit ) </H2> <P> Legends of the Fall was first released on DVD on April 29 , 1997 , and once again on October 17 , 2000 . The film was later released on Blu - ray on February 8 , 2011 , with bonus content that includes two audio commentaries , deleted scenes with optional commentary and two behind - the - scenes featurettes . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Legends of the Fall ( 1994 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 23 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Hicks , Chris ( 13 January 1995 ) . `` Legends of the Fall '' . Deseret

In the movie "Legends of the Fall", the role of Susanna was played by

Who played susanna in legends of the fall?

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prices were not sufficient to warrant transportation to markets . </P> <P> Roosevelt was keenly interested in farm issues and believed that true prosperity would not return until farming was prosperous . Many different programs were directed at farmers . The first 100 days produced the Farm Security Act to raise farm incomes by raising the prices farmers received , which was achieved by reducing total farm output . The Agricultural Adjustment Act created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration ( AAA ) in May 1933 . The act reflected the demands of leaders of major farm organizations ( especially the Farm Bureau ) and reflected debates among Roosevelt 's farm advisers such as Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace , M.L. Wilson , Rexford Tugwell and George Peek . </P> <P> The AAA aimed to raise prices for commodities through artificial scarcity . The AAA used a system of domestic allotments , setting total output of corn , cotton , dairy products , hogs , rice , tobacco and wheat . The farmers themselves had a voice in the process of using government to benefit their incomes . The AAA paid land owners subsidies for leaving some of their land idle with funds provided by a new tax on food processing . To force up farm prices to the point of `` parity , '' 10 million acres ( 40,000 km ) of growing cotton was plowed up , bountiful crops were left to rot and six million piglets were killed and discarded . </P> <P> The idea was to give farmers a `` fair exchange value '' for their products in relation to the general economy ( `` parity level '' ) . Farm incomes and the income for the general population recovered fast since the beginning of 1933 . Food prices remained still well below the 1929 peak . The AAA established an important and long - lasting federal role in the planning on the entire agricultural sector of the economy and was the first program on such a scale on behalf of the troubled agricultural economy . The original AAA did not provide for any sharecroppers or tenants or farm laborers who might become unemployed , but there were other New Deal programs especially for them . </P> <P> A Gallup poll printed in the Washington Post revealed that a majority of the American public opposed the AAA . In 1936 , the Supreme Court declared the AAA to be unconstitutional , stating that `` a statutory plan to regulate and control agricultural production , ( is ) a matter beyond the powers delegated to the federal government '' . The AAA was replaced by a similar program that did win Court approval . Instead of paying farmers for letting fields lie barren , this program subsidized them for planting soil enriching crops such as alfalfa that would not be sold on the market . Federal regulation of agricultural production has been modified many times since then , but together with large subsidies is still in effect today . </P> <P> The Farm Tenancy Act in 1937 was the last major New Deal legislation that concerned farming . In turn , it created the Farm Security Administration ( FSA ) , which replaced the Resettlement Administration . </P> <P> The Food Stamp Plan -- a major new welfare program for urban poor -- was established in 1939 to provide stamps to poor people who could use them to purchase food at retail outlets . The program ended during wartime prosperity in 1943 , but was restored in 1961 . It survived into the 21st century with little controversy because it was seen to benefit the urban poor , food producers , grocers and wholesalers as well as farmers , thus it gained support from both liberal and conservative Congressmen . In 2013 , Tea Party activists in the House nonetheless tried to end the program , now known as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program , while the Senate fought to preserve it . </P> <H3> Recovery ( edit ) </H3> <P> Recovery was the effort in numerous programs to restore the economy to normal health . By most economic indicators , this was achieved by 1937 -- except for unemployment , which remained stubbornly high until World War II began . Recovery was designed to help the economy bounce back from depression . Economic historians led by Price Fishback have examined the impact of New Deal spending on improving health conditions in the 114 largest cities , 1929 -- 1937 . They estimated that every additional $153,000 in relief spending ( in 1935 dollars , or $1.95 million in year 2000 dollars ) was associated with a reduction of one infant death , one suicide and 2.4 deaths from infectious disease . </P> NRA `` Blue Eagle '' campaign ( edit ) Main article : National Recovery Administration National Recovery Administration Blue Eagle Manufacturing employment in the U.S. from 1920 to 1940 <P> From 1929 to 1933 , the industrial economy had been suffering from a vicious cycle of deflation . Since 1931 , the U.S. Chamber of Commerce , the voice of the nation 's organized business , promoted an anti-deflationary scheme that would permit trade associations to cooperate in government - instigated cartels to stabilize prices within their industries . While existing antitrust laws clearly forbade such practices , organized business found a receptive ear in the Roosevelt Administration . </P> <P> Roosevelt 's advisers believed that excessive competition and technical progress had led to overproduction and lowered wages and prices , which they believed lowered demand and employment ( deflation ) . He argued that government economic planning was necessary to remedy this . New Deal economists argued that cut - throat competition had hurt many businesses and that with prices having fallen 20 % and more , `` deflation '' exacerbated the burden of debt and would delay recovery . They rejected a strong move in Congress to limit the workweek to 30 hours . Instead their remedy , designed in cooperation with big business , was the NIRA . It included stimulus funds for the WPA to spend and sought to raise prices , give more bargaining power for unions ( so the workers could purchase more ) and reduce harmful competition . </P> <P> At the center of the NIRA was the National Recovery Administration ( NRA ) , headed by former General Hugh S. Johnson , who had been a senior economic official in World War I. Johnson called on every business establishment in the nation to accept a stopgap `` blanket code '' : a minimum wage of between 20 and 45 cents per hour , a maximum workweek of 35 -- 45 hours and the abolition of child labor . Johnson and Roosevelt contended that the `` blanket code '' would raise consumer purchasing power and increase employment . To mobilize political support for the NRA , Johnson launched the `` NRA Blue Eagle '' publicity campaign to boost what he called `` industrial self - government '' . The NRA brought together leaders in each industry to design specific sets of codes for that industry -- the most important provisions were anti-deflationary floors below which no company would lower prices or wages and agreements on maintaining employment and production . In a remarkably short time , the NRA announced agreements from almost every major industry in the nation . By March 1934 , industrial production was 45 % higher than in March 1933 . </P> <P> NRA Administrator Hugh Johnson was showing signs of mental breakdown due to the extreme pressure and workload of running the National Recovery Administration . After two meetings with Roosevelt and an abortive resignation attempt , Johnson resigned on September 24 , 1934 and Roosevelt replaced the position of Administrator with a new National Industrial Recovery Board , of which Donald Richberg was named Executive Director . </P> <P> On May 27 , 1935 , the NRA was found to be unconstitutional by a unanimous decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Schechter v. United States . After the end of the NRA , quotas in the oil industry were fixed by the Railroad Commission of Texas with Tom Connally 's federal Hot Oil Act of 1935 , which guaranteed that illegal `` hot oil '' would not be sold . By the time NRA ended in May 1935 , well over 2 million employers accepted the new standards laid down by the NRA , which had introduced a minimum wage and an eight - hour workday , together with abolishing child labor . These standards were reintroduced by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 . </P> Housing sector ( edit ) <P> The New Deal had an important impact in the housing field . The New Deal followed and increased President Hoover 's lead and seek measures . The New Deal sought to stimulate the private home building industry and increase the number of individuals who owned homes . The New Deal implemented two new housing agencies ; Home Owners ' Loan Corporation ( HOLC ) and the Federal Housing Administration ( FHA ) . HOLC set uniform national appraisal methods and simplified the mortgage process . The Federal Housing Administration ( FHA ) created national standards for home construction . </P> <H3> Reform ( edit ) </H3> <P> Reform was based on the assumption that the depression was caused by the inherent instability of the market and that government intervention was necessary to rationalize and stabilize the economy and to balance the interests of farmers , business and labor . Reforms targeted the causes of the depression and sought to prevent a crisis like it from happening again . In other words , financially rebuilding the U.S. while ensuring not to repeat history . </P> Trade Liberalization ( edit ) <P> There is consensus amongst economic historians that protectionist policies , culminating in the Smoot - Hawley Act of 1930 , worsened the Depression . Roosevelt already spoke against the act while campaigning for president during 1932 . In 1934 , the Reciprocal Tariff Act was drafted by Cordell Hull . It gave the president power to negotiate bilateral , reciprocal trade agreements with other countries . The act enabled Roosevelt to liberalize American trade policy around the globe and it is widely credited with ushering in the era of liberal trade policy that persists to this day . </P> Puerto Rico ( edit ) <P> A separate set of programs operated in Puerto Rico , headed by the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration . It promoted land reform and helped small farms , it set up farm cooperatives , promoted crop diversification and helped local industry . The Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration was directed by Juan Pablo Montoya Sr. from 1935 to 1937 . </P> <H2> Second New Deal ( 1935 -- 1936 ) ( edit ) </H2> See also : Second New Deal <P> In the spring of 1935 , responding to the setbacks in the Court , a new skepticism in Congress and the growing popular clamor for more dramatic action , New Dealers passed important new initiatives . Historians refer to them as the `` Second New Deal '' and note that it was more liberal and more controversial than the `` First New Deal '' of 1933 -- 1934 . </P> <H3> Social Security Act ( edit ) </H3> A poster publicizing Social Security benefits <P> Until 1935 there were just a dozen states that had old age insurance laws , but these programs were woefully underfunded and therefore almost worthless . Just one state ( Wisconsin ) had an insurance program . The United States was the only modern industrial country where people faced the Depression without any national system of social security . The work programs of the `` First New Deal '' such as CWA and FERA were designed for immediate relief , for a year or two . </P> <P> The most important program of 1935 and perhaps the New Deal as a whole was the Social Security Act . It established a permanent system of universal

The New Deal program that limited production in industry was the

What new deal program limited production in industry?

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really talking about the characters , where they all sit right now . It 's a huge challenge . -- Neal H. Moritz , The Fast and the Furious franchise producer <P> Diesel further hinted at an eighth film on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! when he stated that Kurt Russell 's character would span multiple films . He also stated that the next film would take place in New York City . Chris Morgan wrote his sixth script in the franchise , while Neal H. Moritz returned to produce . Moritz later stated , `` ( The story ) is going to have to be something enticing for all of us . It has to be as good as or better ( than Furious 7 ) '' . </P> <P> At the 2015 CinemaCon in Las Vegas , Diesel announced the film for an April 14 , 2017 release date . On August 16 , 2015 , at the 2015 Teen Choice Awards ( where Furious 7 received the award for Choice Movie -- Action and Walker received the award for Choice Movie Actor -- Action ) , Diesel gave the film the initial title Fast 8 . In September 2015 , Diesel stated that the script had almost been completed , and expressed interest in Rob Cohen , who directed the first film , to direct the eighth installment . On October 14 , 2015 , Diesel announced on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon that Straight Outta Compton director F. Gary Gray would direct the film . </P> <P> In July 2015 , Moritz said that Walker 's character , Brian O'Conner , would not appear in the film , following the use of CGI in the previous film after Walker died in a single - vehicle accident on November 30 , 2013 , with Moritz stating that his character had `` moved on '' . It had previously been reported that Paul 's younger brother , Cody Walker , would either join the cast in a new role , or replace his older brother in the role of O'Conner ; however , it was later announced that the character will not return to the franchise . Moritz also said that the film would shift the focus of the franchise from a series of heist films to a spy caper , following a similar change in focus from street racing in Fast Five ( 2011 ) . In December 2016 , the film was retitled The Fate of the Furious . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Diesel , Russell and Michelle Rodriguez were the first to confirm their involvement in the film , and Tyrese Gibson and Chris Bridges both confirmed their return soon after . Lucas Black had signed on to reprise his role from The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift as Sean Boswell for Furious 7 , and two more installments in September 2013 , though he did not appear in Fate . In May 2015 , Dwayne Johnson confirmed his involvement in the film , additionally hinting at a possible spin - off film involving his character , Luke Hobbs . Jason Statham also confirmed his return . In April 2016 , Charlize Theron and Kristofer Hivju were confirmed as additions to the cast , in villainous roles , while Scott Eastwood also joined the film as a law enforcement agent . On May 17 , 2016 , Diesel posted a photo on his Instagram page of himself and Elsa Pataky on set , indicating that she had also returned for the film , and was followed two days later by a video on set with Nathalie Emmanuel , who also starred in the previous film . In June 2016 , Helen Mirren announced in an interview with Elle that she would appear in the film . In July 2016 , Don Omar tweeted that he and Tego Calderon would return to the franchise for the eighth picture . During an interview with Chris Mannix on July 21 , 2016 , Lucas Black confirmed he would not appear in the eighth installment , due to scheduling conflicts . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> In keeping with the franchise 's penchant for filming in `` exotic '' locations , such as Dubai and Rio de Janeiro , in January 2016 it was announced that Universal was seeking approval from the United States and Cuban governments to shoot part of the film in Cuba . Principal photography began on March 14 , 2016 , in Mývatn , Iceland , where strong winds sent a plastic iceberg prop flying into a paddock . The prop struck two horses : one was wounded and the other mortally injured ; it was later euthanized . In late April , filming began in Cuba 's capital city , Havana . In May , filming also took place in Cleveland , Ohio . Franchise cinematographer Stephen F. Windon returned for the eighth installment . Filming also took place in Atlanta and New York City . </P> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : The Fate of the Furious ( score ) and The Fate of the Furious : The Album <P> Brian Tyler , who scored the third , fourth , fifth , and seventh installments , was tapped to compose the film score for the eighth picture . A soundtrack album by Atlantic Records was released on April 14 , 2017 , coinciding with the film 's US theatrical release . The film 's score album was released on April 27 , by Back Lot Music . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Fate of the Furious had its world premiere in Berlin on April 4 , 2017 . The film was theatrically released in the United States on April 14 , 2017 , playing in 3D , IMAX 3D , and 4DX internationally , and received a day - and - date release across major markets such as Australia , the United Kingdom , China , and India , beginning on April 12 , 2017 . The film was released day - and - date in 1,074 IMAX screens around the world , making it the widest day - and - date opening in IMAX history . </P> <H3> Home Media ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Fate of the Furious was released on 4K , Blu - ray , DVD and Digital HD on July 11 , 2017 . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Fate of the Furious grossed $225.8 million in the United States and Canada and $1.010 billion in other territories for a worldwide total of $1.236 billion , against a production budget of $250 million ( $350 million including marketing costs ) . It is Universal Pictures ' most ambitious worldwide distribution release in the studio 's history . The film was released day - and - date in 64 territories worldwide , including almost all major markets ( minus Japan ) , starting from April 12 , 2017 , and was projected to earn anywhere between $375 -- 440 million in its five - day opening weekend . By the end of the weekend , it ended up earning $539.9 million from nearly 23,000 screens , way above initial projections , to score the biggest global opening in cinematic history . It also marked the third time that a film earned over $500 million in a single weekend , after Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( $529 million ) and Jurassic World ( $525.5 million ) . In IMAX , the film made $31.1 million from 1,079 screens to record the biggest IMAX April debut and the fourth biggest overall . </P> <P> On April 30 , it crossed the $1 billion threshold , becoming the second release of 2017 ( following Beauty and the Beast ) , the fifth film released by Universal Pictures ( after Jurassic Park , Furious 7 , Jurassic World , and Minions ) and the thirtieth film overall in cinematic history to gross over $1 billion . It is currently the third highest - grossing film of the year , behind Star Wars : The Last Jedi , and Beauty and the Beast , the second - biggest action film that is not a fantasy or superhero movie , behind Furious 7 , and is Universal 's highest - grossing live - action release since Jurassic World back in June 2015 . </P> North America ( edit ) <P> Like many of its predecessors , The Fate of the Furious was released in the United States and Canada in the month of April , and like its immediate predecessor , occupied the lucrative Easter week holiday period slot , where it was expected to open with $100 -- 125 million . It received the widest pre-summer release ever , at an estimated 4,304 venues , besting the 4,242 opening theater count of Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice the previous March . The film made $10.4 million from Thursday night previews from 3,310 theaters , the second - highest of the franchise behind Furious 7 's $15.8 million . On its opening day it grossed $45.6 million , with Thursday previews making up 22.8 % of the amount , slightly better than the 23 % for Furious 7 . Earning a total of $98.8 million on its opening weekend , the film scored the second biggest opening in the franchise ( the third biggest adjusted for inflation ) and the third biggest April debut , behind Furious 7 and The Jungle Book . It posted an almost identical weekend multiplier like its immediate predecessor ( 2.166 x vs 2.18 x ) . However , this is not surprising considering how both films opened over Good Friday / Easter Sunday stretch . Scott Mendelson of Forbes magazine compared the opening to how Spectre ( 2015 ) opening fell from Skyfall ( 2012 ) . One notable record the film set was the best opening for a film with an African American director , with Gray besting his own record set with Straight Outta Compton in 2015 . </P> <P> Sticking to the franchise 's famous and lauded habit of including a multi-ethnic cast of characters , the film played to audiences of all ethnicities . Domestically , Caucasians made up 41 percent of the audience , followed by Hispanics ( 26 percent ) , African - Americans ( 21 ) percent , Asians ( 11 percent ) , and Native American / Other ( 3 percent ) , according to comScore 's exit polling service PostTrack . The pic skewed male at 58 percent , far more than the last film at 51 percent . 2D ticketbuyers repped 57 % of the film 's opening compared to its predecessor 's 71 % . This means more die - hard moviegoers came out to watch the eighth installment rather than people who do not typically go to the movies . </P> <P> While The Fate of the Furious 's debut is 34 % less than its predecessor 's opening , critics have noted that the debut is still considered a massive success and not a big let down given how it is the eighth installment in an action franchise . Universal Pictures was well aware that the robust debut of Furious 7 could not be duplicated due to the wave of good reviews and publicity over the death of star Paul Walker , as well as the notion that the installment was both a farewell to said actor and a kind of coronation for the franchise as a whole . Nevertheless , the film benefited from Easter holiday business with 74 % of all K - 12 schools off on Good Friday as well as a third of the nation 's colleges . The film comes out in the wake of its parent franchise celebrating 16 years of availability in cinemas . To wit , few film franchises which are close to 20 years old have demonstrated a box office ability to increase

The release date of Fast & Furious 8 in India was

Fast & furious 8 release date in india?

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United states presidential election - wikipedia <H1> United states presidential election </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the most recent election , see United States presidential election , 2016 . For the upcoming election , see United States presidential election , 2020 . See also : List of Presidents of the United States <Table> <Tr> <Td> This article is part of a series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Politics of the United States of America </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Federal Government ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Constitution of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Law </Li> <Li> Taxation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Legislature ( show ) <Ul> <Li> United States Congress </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> House of Representatives </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Speaker Paul Ryan ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi ( D ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Congressional districts </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> United States Senate </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Mike Pence ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Pro Tempore Orrin Hatch ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Pro Tempore Emeritus Patrick Leahy ( D ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Majority Leader Mitch McConnell ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Minority Leader Chuck Schumer ( D ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Executive ( show ) <Ul> <Li> President of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Donald Trump ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> Vice President of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Mike Pence ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Cabinet </Li> <Li> Federal agencies </Li> <Li> Executive Office </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Judiciary ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Supreme Court of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Chief Justice John Roberts </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Kennedy </Li> <Li> Thomas </Li> <Li> Ginsburg </Li> <Li> Breyer </Li> <Li> Alito </Li> <Li> Sotomayor </Li> <Li> Kagan </Li> <Li> Gorsuch </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Courts of Appeals </Li> <Li> District Courts ( list ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Other tribunals </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elections ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Presidential elections </Li> <Li> Midterm elections </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Off - year elections </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Political parties ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Democratic </Li> <Li> Republican </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Third parties </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Federalism ( show ) <Ul> <Li> State Government </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Governors </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Legislatures ( List ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> State courts </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Local government </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Other countries </Li> <Li> Atlas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The election of President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the 50 U.S. states or in Washington , D.C. cast ballots not directly for those offices , but instead for members of the U.S. Electoral College , known as electors . These electors then in turn cast direct votes , known as electoral votes , for President , and for Vice President . The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes ( at least 270 out of a total of 538 , since the Twenty - Third Amendment granting voting rights to citizens of Washington , D.C. ) is then elected to that office . If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for President , the House of Representatives chooses the winner ; if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for Vice President , then the Senate chooses the winner . </P> <P> The Electoral College and its procedure are established in the U.S. Constitution by Article II , Section 1 , Clauses 2 and 4 ; and the Twelfth Amendment ( which replaced Clause 3 after its ratification in 1804 ) . Under Clause 2 , each of the states casts as many electoral votes as the total number of its Senators and Representatives in Congress , while , per the Twenty - third Amendment ratified in 1961 , Washington , D.C. casts the same number of electoral votes as the least - represented state , which is three . Also under Clause 2 , the manner for choosing electors is determined by each state legislature , not directly by the federal government . Many state legislatures previously selected their electors directly , but over time all of them switched to using the popular vote to help determine electors , which persists today . Once chosen , electors generally cast their electoral votes for the candidate who won the plurality in their state , but at least 21 states do not have provisions that specifically address this behavior ; those who vote in opposition to the plurality are known as `` faithless '' or `` unpledged electors '' . In modern times , faithless and unpledged electors have not affected the ultimate outcome of an election , so the results can generally be determined based on the state - by - state popular vote . </P> <P> Presidential elections occur quadrennially with registered voters casting their ballots on Election Day , which since 1845 has been the first Tuesday after November 1 . This date coincides with the general elections of various other federal , state , and local races ; since local governments are responsible for managing elections , these races typically all appear on one ballot . The Electoral College electors then formally cast their electoral votes on the first Monday after December 12 at their respective state capitals . Congress then certifies the results in early January , and the presidential term begins on Inauguration Day , which since the passage of the Twentieth Amendment has been set at January 20 . </P> <P> The nomination process , consisting of the primary elections and caucuses and the nominating conventions , was not specified in the Constitution , but was developed over time by the states and political parties . These primary elections are generally held between January and June before the general election in November , while the nominating conventions are held in the summer . Though not codified by law , political parties also follow an indirect election process , where voters in the 50 U.S. states , Washington , D.C. , and U.S. territories , cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party 's nominating convention , who then in turn elect their party 's presidential nominee . Each party may then choose a vice presidential running mate to join the ticket , which is either determined by choice of the nominee or by a second round of voting . Because of changes to national campaign finance laws since the 1970s regarding the disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns , presidential candidates from the major political parties usually declare their intentions to run as early as the spring of the previous calendar year before the election ( almost 18 months before Inauguration Day ) . </P> A 2016 general election ballot , listing the presidential and vice presidential candidates <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Procedure <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Eligibility requirements </Li> <Li> 2.2 Nominating process </Li> <Li> 2.3 The popular vote on Election Day </Li> <Li> 2.4 Electoral college </Li> <Li> 2.5 Election calendar </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Trends <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Previous experience </Li> <Li> 3.2 Technology and media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Criticisms <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Proposed changes to the election process </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Electoral college results </Li> <Li> 6 Voter turnout </Li> <Li> 7 Financial disclosures </Li> <Li> 8 Presidential coattails <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Comparison with other U.S. general elections </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 Notes </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Article Two of the United States Constitution originally established the method of presidential elections , including the Electoral College . This was a result of a compromise between those constitutional framers who wanted the Congress to choose the president , and those who preferred a national popular vote . </P> <P> Each state is allocated a number of electors that is equal to the size of its delegation in both houses of Congress combined . With the ratification of the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution in 1961 , the District of Columbia is also granted a number of electors , equal to the number of those held by the least populous state . However , U.S. territories are not represented in the Electoral College . </P> <P> Constitutionally , the manner for choosing electors is determined within each state by its legislature . During the first presidential election in 1789 , only 6 of the 13 original states chose electors by any form of popular vote . Gradually throughout the years , the states began conducting popular elections to help choose their slate of electors , resulting in the overall , nationwide indirect election system that it is today . </P> <P> Under the original system established by Article Two , electors could cast two votes to two different candidates for president . The candidate with the highest number of votes ( provided it was a majority of the electoral votes ) became the president , and the second - place candidate became the vice president . This presented a problem during the presidential election of 1800 when Aaron Burr received the same number of electoral votes as Thomas Jefferson and challenged Jefferson 's election to the office . In the end , Jefferson was chosen as the president because of Alexander Hamilton 's influence in the House of Representatives . This added to the deep rivalry between Burr and Hamilton which resulted in their famous 1804 duel . </P> <P> In response to the 1800 election , the 12th Amendment was passed , requiring electors to cast two distinct votes : one for President and another for Vice President . While this solved the problem at hand , it ultimately had the effect of lowering the prestige of the Vice Presidency , as the office was no longer for the leading challenger for the Presidency . The separate ballots for President and Vice President became something of a moot issue later in the 19th century when it became the norm for popular elections to determine a state 's Electoral College delegation . Electors chosen this way are pledged to vote for a particular presidential and vice presidential candidate ( offered by the same political party ) . So , while the Constitution says that the President and Vice President are chosen separately , in practice they are chosen together . </P> <P> The 12th Amendment also established rules when no candidate wins a majority vote in the Electoral College . In the presidential election of 1824 , Andrew Jackson received a plurality , but not a majority , of electoral votes cast . The election was thrown to the House of Representatives , and John Quincy Adams was elected to the presidency . A deep rivalry resulted between Andrew Jackson and House Speaker Henry Clay , who had also been a candidate in the election . </P> <P> Since 1824 , aside from the occasional `` faithless elector , '' the popular vote determines the winner of a presidential election by determining the electoral vote , as each state or district 's popular vote determines its electoral college vote . Although the nationwide popular vote does not directly determine the winner of a presidential election , it does strongly correlate with who is the victor . In 52 of the 56 total elections held so far ( about 93 percent ) , the winner of the national popular vote

The group that officially elects the President of the United States is called the

The group that officially elects the president of the united states is called?

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<Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $65.7 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Age of Adaline is a 2015 American romantic fantasy film about a woman who stops aging after an accident at the age of 29 . It was directed by Lee Toland Krieger and written by J. Mills Goodloe and Salvador Paskowitz . The film stars Blake Lively , Michiel Huisman , Kathy Baker , Amanda Crew , Harrison Ford , and Ellen Burstyn . The film was theatrically released on April 24 , 2015 by Lionsgate . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.2 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.3 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Accolades </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> One afternoon in San Francisco , Adaline Bowman purchases fake IDs at an apartment before returning home to feed her dog . She then goes to work and opens a box of film reels , including one that explains her life . She was born on New Years Day 1908 , then later married and gave birth to a daughter , only to become a widow after her husband died in a tragic accident . Years later , in 1937 , Adaline crashed her car when she swerved into a ravine during a snowstorm and died in the freezing lake nearby , but a lightning strike suddenly revived her . From that moment on , Adaline has stayed physically 29 years old . </P> <P> Ever since , she has changed her identification and address according to the era , while her daughter Flemming ages normally , appearing older than Adaline . One night , two suspicious FBI agents attempt to force her onto an airplane for study , but she escapes captivity and realizes that she will have to spend the rest of her life on the run . </P> <P> On New Year 's Eve in the present year , she attends a party where she meets Ellis Jones , introducing herself as her current alias , Jennifer . He asks to see her again but she refuses , knowing she can never fall in love because she can never have a normal future with someone . The next day at work , Ellis arrives and again asks Adaline to go on a date with him . Finally she accepts . </P> <P> In a flashback , Adaline is shown pulling up in a cab to a park where a man is waiting , holding an engagement ring . Scared , she asks the cab driver to keep going . Back in the present day , Adaline 's dog falls ill and she begins to ignore Ellis ' calls . He shows up at her apartment but she pushes him away , only to have a change of heart while looking through some old photographs and realizing she does n't want to live the same year a hundred times without having a natural life . </P> <P> They later resolve their argument and Ellis asks Adaline to attend the party at his parents ' house celebrating his parents ' fortieth anniversary , and she says yes . Upon their arrival , Ellis introduces her to his father , William , who recognizes her instantly and calls her Adaline . She appears to recognize him , too , but lies , telling him that Adaline was her mother , who has since died . A flashback shows how they met and came to be in love , soon revealing that he was the man with the engagement ring she stood up that afternoon . One night , Ellis tells Adaline he is falling in love with her and she is unsure of how to react . </P> <P> The following day , Adaline talks with William outside and he notices a scar on her left hand , and becomes shaken . Another flashback reveals that Adaline cut her hand while they were hiking decades ago and he had stitched it up himself . He realizes that she is truly Adaline and confronts her . She becomes upset , claiming she used to be `` normal '' and does n't know what changed her . He begs her not to run , for Ellis ' sake , but she says she does n't know how to stay . She flees and returns to the house , writing a note to Ellis while he showers , then she packs her things and leaves . Moments later , Ellis finds the letter and confronts his father , who refuses to explain . </P> <P> While driving home , Adaline thinks of all the times she has run and suddenly has a change of heart about the way she lives her life . She stops and calls her daughter to tell her she is going to stop running . As she turns the car around , a tow truck plows into her in a hit - and - run accident , leaving her to die . Freezing and helpless , Adaline dies again . An ambulance arrives and she is revived by the electricity of the defibrillator . Later in the hospital , she wakes up to Ellis , and the two profess their love for one another . Adaline then tells him of her 107 years of life . </P> <P> One year later , Ellis and Adaline are going to a New Year 's Eve party . As she is leaving , she notices something strange in the hallway mirror : her first grey hair , proving she has begun to age naturally again . When Ellis asks if she is okay , she responds : `` Yes ... Perfect . '' </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Blake Lively as Adaline Bowman / Jennifer `` Jenny '' Larson </Li> <Li> Michiel Huisman as Ellis Jones </Li> <Li> Harrison Ford as William Jones <Ul> <Li> Anthony Ingruber as young William </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Ellen Burstyn as Flemming Prescott <Ul> <Li> Izabel Pearce as Young Flemming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Kathy Baker as Kathy Jones </Li> <Li> Amanda Crew as Kikki Jones </Li> <Li> Lynda Boyd as Regan </Li> <Li> Anjali Jay as Cora </Li> <Li> Richard Harmon as Tony </Li> <Li> Mark Ghanimé as Caleb </Li> <Li> Barclay Hope as Stanley Chesterfield </Li> <Li> Chris William Martin as Dale Davenport </Li> <Li> Hiro Kanagawa as Kenneth </Li> <Li> Lane Edwards as Dr. Larry Levyne </Li> <Li> Peter J. Gray as Clarence James </Li> <Li> Jane Craven as Miriam Prescott </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> On May 12 , 2010 it was announced that The Age of Adaline would be co-financed and co-produced by Lakeshore Entertainment and Sidney Kimmel Entertainment . Salvador Paskowitz and J. Mills Goodloe wrote the script . Sierra / Affinity has the international rights , while producers were Steve Golin , Alix Madigan , Tom Rosenberg and Gary Lucchesi . On July 20 , 2010 it was reported that Andy Tennant was set to direct the film . On October 31 , 2010 , Summit Entertainment bought the US distribution rights to the film , which was set to begin shooting in March 2011 for an early 2012 release . </P> <P> On February 22 , 2011 , it was reported that Gabriele Muccino was in talks to direct the film , replacing Tennant , with the film re-titled from The Age of Adaline to simply Adaline . On May 14 , 2012 , it was announced that Spanish director Isabel Coixet would direct the film instead . On October 16 , 2013 , Lee Toland Krieger was reported to be the actual director of the film . Producer Dan Cohen had shown him the script at a general meeting in 2009 . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> On May 12 , 2010 , Katherine Heigl was cast as the title character . On November 12 , 2010 , Angela Lansbury was added to the cast of the film , set to play the daughter of the ageless Adaline . On November 15 , Heigl withdrew from Adaline 's cast , and there were rumors that she had been fired by Lakeshore , which both Lakeshore and Heigl denied . She later announced that her withdrawal was a result of her recent adoption of a daughter . On August 15 , 2011 , TheWrap reported that Natalie Portman had been offered the lead role . On August 25 , Portman told Entertainment Weekly that she had declined the offer . </P> <P> On October 16 , 2013 , Blake Lively and Ellen Burstyn were cast in the film to play the lead roles , with Lively starring as the title character . On January 15 , 2014 Harrison Ford joined the cast , and the film was set to begin shooting in March of that year . On February 11 , 2014 Michiel Huisman joined the cast to star opposite Lively as Adaline 's love interest . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> Filming began on March 10 , 2014 in Vancouver and continued through May 5 . On March 11 , 2014 filming at the Hotel Vancouver commenced . Anamorphic lenses and minimal use of steadicams were employed to provide greater authenticity for scenes set in the 1930s , 1940s , and 1950s . The films Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry a Millionaire served as inspiration for the period color tone and saturation . </P> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> <P> While Rob Simonsen scored the film , Lana Del Rey contributed a song titled `` Life Is Beautiful '' . The song is featured in the film 's trailer but is not included in the soundtrack . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> On August 15 , 2014 , Lionsgate set the film for a January 23 , 2015 worldwide release . Later , the date was shifted to April 24 , 2015 . The film was released on DVD on September 8 , 2015 . </P> <H3> Marketing ( edit ) </H3> <P> The promotional campaign was aimed primarily at fashion - conscious women . Danielle DePalma , executive vice-president of digital marketing at Lionsgate , said , `` We were very aware of Blake 's high - fashion profile when we crafted the campaign , and there was so much beautiful imagery from the film . '' They created vignettes for MTV and VH1 and a fashion segment for E ! News showing viewers how to achieve the same looks as Lively . They created a custom `` Fashion Journey Through the Decades '' initiative , through which a fashion influencer from YouTube or Maker Studios created a unique look inspired by the film . Video ads were also released on Instagram and tutorials on Pinterest . Advance screenings for fashion and lifestyle influencers took place in partnership with Gilt City . The application Periscope was used to spread information about the film . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Age of Adaline earned $42,629,776 in North America and $23,033,500 in other countries , for a worldwide box office gross of $65.7 million . The film opened with $575,000 during Thursday late - night showings at 2,100 U.S. theaters . It finished the weekend at number three behind Furious 7 and Paul Blart : Mall Cop 2 with $13.4 million from 2,991 locations . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Age of Adaline has received mixed reviews from critics , although the performances of Blake Lively and Harrison Ford received very positive reviews and were cited as some of their best work in recent years . On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has a rating of

In the movie "The Age of Adaline", the role of Adaline was played by

Who played adaline in the age of adaline?

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<Td> 17 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 24 -- 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 2 ) </Td> <Td> 50 -- 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 12 ) </Td> <Td> 24 -- 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 67 </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 5 ) </Td> <Td> 20 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> 1971 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 3 ) </Td> <Td> 10 -- 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 69 </Td> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 9 ) </Td> <Td> 14 -- 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> 1973 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Tie </Td> <Td> 10 -- 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 71 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 4 ) </Td> <Td> 12 -- 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 72 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 1 ) </Td> <Td> 21 -- 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 73 </Td> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 4 ) </Td> <Td> 22 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 74 </Td> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 5 ) </Td> <Td> 14 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 6 ) </Td> <Td> 14 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 76 </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 2 ) </Td> <Td> 18 -- 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 10 ) </Td> <Td> 9 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 14 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 79 </Td> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 24 -- 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 80 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 8 ) </Td> <Td> 24 -- 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 81 </Td> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 11 ) </Td> <Td> 21 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 6 ) </Td> <Td> 27 -- 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 83 </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 6 ) </Td> <Td> 26 -- 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 23 -- 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 85 </Td> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 12 ) </Td> <Td> 34 -- 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 86 </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 3 ) </Td> <Td> 28 -- 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 87 </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 15 ) </Td> <Td> 16 -- 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 88 </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 4 ) </Td> <Td> 31 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 89 </Td> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Tie </Td> <Td> 13 -- 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 90 </Td> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan </Td> <Td> 28 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 91 </Td> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 22 ) </Td> <Td> 22 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 92 </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 18 ) </Td> <Td> 31 -- 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 93 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 21 ) </Td> <Td> 13 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 94 </Td> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 1 ) </Td> <Td> 20 -- 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 95 </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 7 ) </Td> <Td> 31 -- 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 96 </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 10 ) </Td> <Td> 24 -- 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 97 </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 19 ) </Td> <Td> 38 -- 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 98 </Td> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 26 -- 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 99 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 2 ) </Td> <Td> 14 -- 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 100 </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 5 ) </Td> <Td> 35 -- 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 101 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State </Td> <Td> 37 -- 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 102 </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 9 ) </Td> <Td> 25 -- 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 103 </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 1 ) </Td> <Td> 42 -- 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 104 </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 7 ) </Td> <Td> 14 -- 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 105 </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 10 ) </Td> <Td> 42 -- 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 9 ) </Td> <Td> 21 -- 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 107 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 12 ) </Td> <Td> 37 -- 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 108 </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Michigan ( # 15 ) </Td> <Td> 40 -- 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 109 </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 4 ) </Td> <Td> 26 -- 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 110 </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 3 ) </Td> <Td> 42 -- 41 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 111 </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 6 ) </Td> <Td> 42 -- 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 112 </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 8 ) </Td> <Td> 42 -- 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 113 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Columbus </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 2 ) </Td> <Td> 30 -- 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 114 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor </Td> <Td> Ohio State ( # 9 ) </Td> <Td> 31 -- 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="9"> Series : Michigan leads 58 -- 49 -- 6 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Big Ten games ( edit ) </H3> <P> In Big Ten Conference play , Ohio State leads the series 49 -- 46 -- 4 through the 2017 meeting . Michigan was a charter member of the Big Ten in 1896 before leaving the league after the 1906 football season . Ohio State began league play with the 1913 season , and Michigan returned for the 1917 season . The 1918 matchup between the two schools was the first between them with both as Big Ten members . </P> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ohio State has vacated all 12 of its victories and its Big Ten Conference championship from the 2010 season . These 12 wins are not included in Ohio State 's all - time record , nor is the 2010 Michigan -- Ohio State contest counted in the series record between the two teams . See Wikipedia : WikiProject College football / Vacated victories for an explanation of how vacated victories are recorded . </Li> </Ol> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of most played college football rivalries in NCAA Division I </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ludlow , Randy ( July 8 , 2011 ) . `` Ohio State vacates wins from 2010 football season , places program on probation '' . The Columbus Dispatch . Archived from the original on July 10 , 2011 . Retrieved November 24 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ NCAA.com Staff and Wire Reports ( December 20 , 2011 ) . `` Ohio State cited for failure to monitor '' . NCAA.com . NCAA . Retrieved December 20 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Low , Chris ( June 16 , 2009 ) . `` What does vacating wins really mean ? '' . ESPN.com . ESPN Internet Ventures . Retrieved July 9 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Paschall , David ( June 16 , 2009 ) . `` Rolled back : Tide below . 500 for 2000s '' . TimesFreePress.com . Chattanooga Publishing Company , Inc . Retrieved July 9 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Taylor , John ( July 4 , 2009 ) . `` Vacated Wins Do Not Equal Forfeits '' . NBCSports.com . NBC Sports . Retrieved July 9 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nagel , Kyle ( November 16 , 2007 ) . `` The Game defines coaching careers '' . Oxford University Press . Retrieved November 24 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Associated Press : `` Ohio , Michigan Kids Dream of ' The Game ' '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The 10 greatest rivalries '' . ESPN . January 3 , 2000 . Retrieved December 21 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Big Game Decides Big Ten Title '' , University of Michigan , Bentley Historical Library </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Landis , Bill ( May 15 , 2017 ) . `` Ohio State vs. Michigan football rivalry to be televised on FOX during 2017 season '' . Cleveland.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ COLLEGE FOOTBALL HALL OF FAME UNVEILS NEW EXHIBIT : `` THE BUCKS AND THE BLUE '' , National Football Foundation , April 3 , 2009 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` UM vs OSU 1897 game '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Five Greatest Traditions Of Ohio State Football Archived December 2 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine. , by Mike Furlan . Retrieved on November 20 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ABP3 . `` BUCKEYE FANS ONLY : About Coach Woody Hayes '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.espn.com/college-football/bowls13/story/_/id/10215217/the-punch-ended-woody-hayes-career </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Great quotes about Michigan -- Ohio State rivalry -- Page 2 -- ESPN '' . ESPN.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top 10 College Football Rivalries 2 and 1 ... '' Sporting News . September 12 , 2008 . Retrieved November 5 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Layden , Tim ( December 4 , 1995 ) . `` Run For The Roses '' . Sports Illustrated . Time Inc . Retrieved November 5 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` MGoBlue : Big Ten Champs ! Football Beats Buckeyes in Big House '' . Retrieved June 24 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gough , Paul ( November 20 , 2006 ) . `` Ohio State , Mich . run up ratings '' . The Hollywood Reporter . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` No. 1 Ohio State 42 , No. 2 Michigan 39 '' . Yahoo Sports . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Winning Ohio lottery number : 4239 '' , Associated Press , November 19 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Lineman who left Michigan to play

The last time Michigan beat Ohio State was in

When was the last time.michigan beat ohio state?

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could be used . Felinfoel Brewery was a major supplier to British armed forces abroad in the Second World War - cans saved a great deal of space and weight for wartime exports compared to glass bottles , and did not have to be returned for refilling . These early cans did not have a ' pull tab ' , instead they had a ' crown cork ' ( beer bottle top ) . All modern UK canned beer is descended from these small , early cans which helped change the drinking and beer - buying habits of the British public . From the 18th century until the early 20th century Wales dominated world tinplate production , peaking in the early 1890s when 80 % of the world 's tinplate was produced in south Wales . </P> <P> Canned beverages were factory - sealed and required a special opener tool in order to consume the contents . Cans were typically formed as cylinders , having a flat top and bottom . They required a can piercer , colloquially known as a `` church key '' , that latched onto the top rim for leverage ; lifting the handle would force the sharp tip through the top of the can , cutting a triangular hole . A smaller second hole was usually punched at the opposite side of the top to admit air while pouring , allowing the liquid to flow freely . </P> <P> In the mid-1930s , some cans were developed with caps so that they could be opened and poured more like a bottle . These were called `` cone tops '' , as their tops had a conical taper up to the smaller diameter of the cap . Cone top cans were sealed by the same crimped caps that were put on bottles , and could be opened with the same bottle - opener tool . There were three types of conetops : high profile , low profile , and j - spout . The low profile and j - spout were the earliest , dating from about 1935 . The `` crowntainer '' was a different type of can that was drawn steel with a bottom cap . These were developed by Crown Cork & Seal ( now known as Crown Holdings , Inc . ) , a leading beverage packaging and beverage can producer . Various breweries used crowntainers and conetops until the late 1950s , but many breweries kept using the simple cylindrical cans . </P> <P> The popularity of canned beverages was slow to catch on , as the metallic taste was difficult to overcome with the interior liner not perfected , especially with more acidic sodas . Cans had two advantages over glass bottles . First for the distributors , flat - top cans were more compact for transportation and storage and weighed less than bottles . Second for consumers , they did not require the deposit typically paid for bottles , as they were discarded after use . Glass - bottle deposits were reimbursed when consumers took the empties back to the store . </P> <P> By the time the United States entered World War II , cans had gained only about ten percent of the beverage container market ; this was drastically reduced during the war to accommodate strategic needs for metal . </P> A pop tab from the 1970s <P> In 1959 , Ermal Fraze devised a can - opening method that would come to dominate the canned beverage market . His invention was the `` pull - tab '' . This eliminated the need for a separate opener tool by attaching an aluminium pull - ring lever with a rivet to a pre-scored wedge - shaped tab section of the can top . The ring was riveted to the center of the top , which created an elongated opening large enough that one hole simultaneously served to let the beverage flow out while air flowed in . In 1959 , while on a family picnic , Mr. Fraze had forgotten to bring a can opener and was forced to use a car bumper to open a can of beer . Thinking there must be an easier way , he later stayed up all night until he came up with the pull tab . Pull - tab cans , or the discarded tabs from them , were also called `` pop - tops '' colloquially . In Australia these were colloquially known as `` ring - pull '' . Into the 1970s , the pull - tab was widely popular , but its popularity came with a significant problem , as people would frequently discard the pull - tabs on the ground as litter , or drop them into the can and risk choking on them . These problems were both addressed by the invention of the `` push - tab '' . Used primarily on Coors Beer cans in the mid-1970s , the push - tab was a raised circular scored area used in place of the pull - tab . It needed no ring to pull up . Instead , the raised aluminium blister was pushed down into the can , with a small unscored piece that kept the tab connected after being pushed inside . Push - tabs never gained wide popularity because while they had solved the litter problem of the pull - tab , they created a safety hazard where the person 's finger upon pushing the tab into the can was immediately exposed to the sharp edges of the opening . An unusual feature of the push - tab Coors Beer cans was that they had a second , smaller , push - tab at the top as an airflow vent -- a convenience that was lost with the switch from can opener to pull - tab . The `` push - tab '' was introduced into Australia in the early 1980s and was locally known as `` pop - tops '' . </P> <P> The safety and litter problems were both eventually solved later in the 1970s with Daniel F. Cudzik 's invention of the non-removing `` Stay - Tab '' . The pull - ring was replaced with a stiff aluminium lever , and the removable tab was replaced with a pre-scored round tab that functioned similarly to the push - tab , but the raised blister was no longer needed , as the riveted lever would now do the job of pushing the tab open and into the interior of the can . </P> <P> In 2008 , an aluminium version of the crowntainer design was adopted for packaging Coca - Cola 's Caribou Coffee beverage . In 2004 , Anheuser - Busch adopted an all - aluminium bottle for use with Budweiser and Bud Light beers . </P> <H2> Standard sizes ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Comparison chart of various standards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ml </Th> <Th> imp fl oz </Th> <Th> US fl oz </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1,000 </Td> <Td> 35.2 </Td> <Td> 33.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 568 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 19.2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 500 </Td> <Td> 17.6 </Td> <Td> 16.9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 473 </Td> <Td> 16.6 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 440 </Td> <Td> 15.5 </Td> <Td> 14.9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 375 </Td> <Td> 13.2 </Td> <Td> 12.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 355 </Td> <Td> 12.5 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 350 </Td> <Td> 12.3 </Td> <Td> 11.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 341 </Td> <Td> 12.0 </Td> <Td> 11.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 330 </Td> <Td> 11.6 </Td> <Td> 11.2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 250 </Td> <Td> 8.8 </Td> <Td> 8.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 237 </Td> <Td> 8.3 </Td> <Td> 8.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 222 </Td> <Td> 7.8 </Td> <Td> 7.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 200 </Td> <Td> 7.0 </Td> <Td> 6.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 150 </Td> <Td> 5.3 </Td> <Td> 5.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ one imp pint </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ one US pint </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Capacity in countries ( edit ) </H3> <P> Various standard capacities are used throughout the world . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Australia </Dt> </Dl> <P> In Australia the standard can size for alcoholic and soft drinks is 375 ml . Energy drinks are commonly served in 250 ml and 500 ml sizes . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Brazil </Dt> </Dl> <P> In Brazil the standard can size is 355 ml . </P> <Dl> <Dt> New Zealand </Dt> </Dl> <P> In New Zealand the standard can size is 355 ml . </P> <Dl> <Dt> China </Dt> </Dl> <P> In China the most common size is 330 ml . </P> <P> Can dimensions may be cited in metric or imperial units . Imperial dimensions for canmaking are written as inches + sixteenths of an inch ( e.g. `` 202 '' = 2 inches + 2 sixteenths ) . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Europe </Dt> </Dl> <P> In Europe the standard can used to be 330 ml but since the 1990s the 250 ml size has slowly become about just as common . In European countries the 500 ml can size is second standard . It 's often used for beer , cider and energy drinks . </P> <P> In the UK 440 ml is commonly used for lager and cider . </P> <P> In Austria energy drinks are usually sold in sizes 200 to 300 ml . In 2014 for beverage cans in general , already much more aluminium is used than steel . There are even steel cans with alu - lids and vice versa . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Hong Kong </Dt> </Dl> <P> In Hong Kong most cans are 330 ml . </P> <Dl> <Dt> India </Dt> </Dl> <P> In India standard cans are 330 ml . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Japan </Dt> </Dl> <P> In Japan the most common sizes are 350 ml and 500 ml . Larger and smaller cans are also sold . </P> <Dl> <Dt> South Korea </Dt> </Dl> <P> In South Korea 250 ml cans are the most common for soft drinks . However , when accompanying take out food ( such as pizza or chicken ) , a short 245 ml can is standard . Recently , some 355 ml cans which are similar to North American cans are increasingly available , but limited mostly to Coca - Cola and Dr Pepper . Finally , beer cans also come in 500 ml forms . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Malaysia and Singapore </Dt> </Dl> <P> In both Malaysia and Singapore , the most commonly found cans are 300 ml for non-carbonated drinks and 325 ml for carbonated drinks . Larger 330 ml / 350 ml cans are limited to imported drinks where it would usually cost a lot more than local ones . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Pakistan </Dt> </Dl> <P> In Pakistan the most common sizes are 250 ml and 330 ml. 200 ml cans are also sold . </P> <Dl> <Dt> North America </Dt> </Dl> <P> In North America , the standard can size is 12 US fl oz or 355 ml . The US standard can is 4.83 inches high , 2.13 inches in diameter at the lid , and 2.60 inches in diameter at the widest point of the body . Also available are 16oz cans known as pounders , and 24oz cans or larger are referred to as tall boys . </P> <P> In Canada , the standard size was previously 10 Imperial fluid ounces ( 284 ml ) , later redefined and labeled as 280 ml in around 1980 . This size was commonly used with steel beverage cans in the 1970s and early 1980s . However , the US standard 355 ml can size was standardized in the 1980s and 1990s , upon the conversion from steel to aluminium . Some beverage such as Nestea are sold in 341 ml cans . In Quebec by the year 2015 , a new standard for carbonated drink have been added as many important grocery store now only sell 6 - packs ( with plastic

They stopped making pull tabs on beer cans in the

When did they stop making pull tabs on beer cans?

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421,847 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Santa Rosa </Td> <Td> $25,384 </Td> <Td> $55,129 </Td> <Td> $62,929 </Td> <Td> 151,372 </Td> <Td> 56,910 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Lake </Td> <Td> $25,323 </Td> <Td> $46,477 </Td> <Td> $55,935 </Td> <Td> 297,052 </Td> <Td> 121,289 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> Bay </Td> <Td> $25,033 </Td> <Td> $47,770 </Td> <Td> $56,877 </Td> <Td> 168,852 </Td> <Td> 68,438 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> Flagler </Td> <Td> $24,939 </Td> <Td> $48,090 </Td> <Td> $54,754 </Td> <Td> 95,696 </Td> <Td> 39,186 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Volusia </Td> <Td> $24,768 </Td> <Td> $44,400 </Td> <Td> $55,569 </Td> <Td> 494,593 </Td> <Td> 208,236 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Alachua </Td> <Td> $24,741 </Td> <Td> $40,644 </Td> <Td> $61,188 </Td> <Td> 247,336 </Td> <Td> 100,516 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> Sumter </Td> <Td> $24,180 </Td> <Td> $43,079 </Td> <Td> $51,268 </Td> <Td> 93,420 </Td> <Td> 41,361 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Pasco </Td> <Td> $24,164 </Td> <Td> $44,228 </Td> <Td> $53,457 </Td> <Td> 464,697 </Td> <Td> 189,612 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> Escambia </Td> <Td> $23,474 </Td> <Td> $43,573 </Td> <Td> $53,495 </Td> <Td> 297,619 </Td> <Td> 116,238 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> St. Lucie </Td> <Td> $23,296 </Td> <Td> $45,196 </Td> <Td> $51,943 </Td> <Td> 277,789 </Td> <Td> 108,523 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> Miami - Dade </Td> <Td> $22,957 </Td> <Td> $43,605 </Td> <Td> $50,065 </Td> <Td> 2,496,435 </Td> <Td> 867,352 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Hernando </Td> <Td> $22,775 </Td> <Td> $42,011 </Td> <Td> $50,135 </Td> <Td> 172,778 </Td> <Td> 71,745 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 </Td> <Td> Citrus </Td> <Td> $22,551 </Td> <Td> $37,933 </Td> <Td> $45,568 </Td> <Td> 141,236 </Td> <Td> 63,304 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> Marion </Td> <Td> $22,384 </Td> <Td> $40,339 </Td> <Td> $47,614 </Td> <Td> 331,298 </Td> <Td> 137,726 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td> Wakulla </Td> <Td> $21,892 </Td> <Td> $53,301 </Td> <Td> $63,924 </Td> <Td> 30,776 </Td> <Td> 10,490 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Polk </Td> <Td> $21,881 </Td> <Td> $43,946 </Td> <Td> $51,395 </Td> <Td> 602,095 </Td> <Td> 227,485 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> Franklin </Td> <Td> $21,005 </Td> <Td> $36,490 </Td> <Td> $46,083 </Td> <Td> 11,549 </Td> <Td> 4,254 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Osceola </Td> <Td> $20,536 </Td> <Td> $46,328 </Td> <Td> $50,203 </Td> <Td> 268,685 </Td> <Td> 90,603 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> Okeechobee </Td> <Td> $19,664 </Td> <Td> $38,339 </Td> <Td> $43,229 </Td> <Td> 39,996 </Td> <Td> 14,013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> Jefferson </Td> <Td> $19,647 </Td> <Td> $41,359 </Td> <Td> $47,059 </Td> <Td> 14,761 </Td> <Td> 5,646 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> Baker </Td> <Td> $19,593 </Td> <Td> $47,276 </Td> <Td> $55,597 </Td> <Td> 27,115 </Td> <Td> 8,772 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Highlands </Td> <Td> $19,579 </Td> <Td> $34,946 </Td> <Td> $41,955 </Td> <Td> 98,786 </Td> <Td> 42,604 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> $19,366 </Td> <Td> $38,214 </Td> <Td> $47,726 </Td> <Td> 67,531 </Td> <Td> 24,941 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> Suwannee </Td> <Td> $18,782 </Td> <Td> $36,352 </Td> <Td> $45,012 </Td> <Td> 41,551 </Td> <Td> 15,953 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> Levy </Td> <Td> $18,703 </Td> <Td> $35,737 </Td> <Td> $43,256 </Td> <Td> 40,801 </Td> <Td> 16,404 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> Taylor </Td> <Td> $18,649 </Td> <Td> $37,408 </Td> <Td> $46,012 </Td> <Td> 22,570 </Td> <Td> 7,920 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> Washington </Td> <Td> $18,470 </Td> <Td> $36,216 </Td> <Td> $46,742 </Td> <Td> 24,896 </Td> <Td> 8,864 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> Putnam </Td> <Td> $18,402 </Td> <Td> $34,645 </Td> <Td> $43,184 </Td> <Td> 74,364 </Td> <Td> 29,409 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> Gilchrist </Td> <Td> $18,309 </Td> <Td> $37,039 </Td> <Td> $43,994 </Td> <Td> 16,939 </Td> <Td> 6,121 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> Lafayette </Td> <Td> $18,069 </Td> <Td> $46,445 </Td> <Td> $54,024 </Td> <Td> 8,870 </Td> <Td> 2,580 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> Gulf </Td> <Td> $17,968 </Td> <Td> $39,178 </Td> <Td> $46,979 </Td> <Td> 15,863 </Td> <Td> 5,335 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> Glades </Td> <Td> $17,872 </Td> <Td> $39,429 </Td> <Td> $44,046 </Td> <Td> 12,884 </Td> <Td> 4,533 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> Jackson </Td> <Td> $17,177 </Td> <Td> $38,257 </Td> <Td> $49,600 </Td> <Td> 49,746 </Td> <Td> 17,417 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> Dixie </Td> <Td> $17,066 </Td> <Td> $32,312 </Td> <Td> $39,914 </Td> <Td> 16,422 </Td> <Td> 6,316 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 57 </Td> <Td> Liberty </Td> <Td> $17,003 </Td> <Td> $40,777 </Td> <Td> $48,750 </Td> <Td> 8,365 </Td> <Td> 2,525 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 58 </Td> <Td> Bradford </Td> <Td> $16,997 </Td> <Td> $41,126 </Td> <Td> $47,583 </Td> <Td> 28,520 </Td> <Td> 9,479 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 59 </Td> <Td> Gadsden </Td> <Td> $16,843 </Td> <Td> $35,728 </Td> <Td> $46,773 </Td> <Td> 46,389 </Td> <Td> 16,952 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> Madison </Td> <Td> $16,346 </Td> <Td> $37,459 </Td> <Td> $46,791 </Td> <Td> 19,224 </Td> <Td> 6,985 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 61 </Td> <Td> DeSoto </Td> <Td> $15,989 </Td> <Td> $35,979 </Td> <Td> $38,986 </Td> <Td> 34,862 </Td> <Td> 11,445 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 62 </Td> <Td> Hamilton </Td> <Td> $15,794 </Td> <Td> $37,613 </Td> <Td> $46,616 </Td> <Td> 14,799 </Td> <Td> 4,617 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 63 </Td> <Td> Holmes </Td> <Td> $15,285 </Td> <Td> $32,247 </Td> <Td> $42,731 </Td> <Td> 19,927 </Td> <Td> 7,354 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 64 </Td> <Td> Calhoun </Td> <Td> $15,091 </Td> <Td> $31,699 </Td> <Td> $39,332 </Td> <Td> 14,625 </Td> <Td> 5,061 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> Hendry </Td> <Td> $14,734 </Td> <Td> $37,298 </Td> <Td> $38,564 </Td> <Td> 39,140 </Td> <Td> 12,025 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> Hardee </Td> <Td> $14,668 </Td> <Td> $37,466 </Td> <Td> $43,001 </Td> <Td> 27,731 </Td> <Td> 8,245 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 67 </Td> <Td> Union </Td> <Td> $13,657 </Td> <Td> $41,794 </Td> <Td> $53,469 </Td> <Td> 15,535 </Td> <Td> 4,048 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Census - enumerated places ranked by per capita income ( edit ) </H2> <P> This list contains incorporated cities , towns , and villages , as well as census - designated places . </P> <P> 1 Fisher Island , Florida $236,238 2 Jupiter Island , Florida $200,087 3 Golf , Florida $144,956 4 Manalapan , Florida $143,729 5 Indian Creek , Florida $137,382 6 Orchid , Florida $135,870 7 Gulf Stream , Florida $133,651 8 Palm Beach , Florida $109,219 9 Indian River Shores , Florida $102,511 10 South Beach , Florida $90,938 11 Pelican Bay , Florida $89,063 12 Oak Point , Florida $86,225 13 North Key Largo , Florida $83,199 14 Longboat Key , Florida $80,963 15 Windsor , Florida $79,269 16 Captiva , Florida $76,139 17 Ocean Ridge , Florida $76,088 18 Golden Beach , Florida $73,053 19 Bal Harbour , Florida $67,680 20 Highland Beach , Florida $67,288 21 Sanibel , Florida $66,912 22 Boca Pointe , Florida $66,797 23 Jupiter Inlet Colony , Florida $66,713 24 Sawgrass , Florida $64,798 25 Belleair Beach , Florida $61,569 26 Naples , Florida $61,141 27 Sea Ranch Lakes , Florida $60,088 28 Heathrow , Florida $59,905 29 Belleair , Florida $59,164 30 Hillsboro Beach , Florida $56,634 31 Vineyards , Florida $55,470 32 Sewall 's Point , Florida $55,121 33 Key Biscayne , Florida $54,213 34 Black Diamond , Florida $53,621 35 Siesta Key , Florida $53,290 36 Windermere , Florida $51,370 37 Pinecrest , Florida $51,181 37 Juno Beach , Florida $50,344 38 Osprey , Florida $49,862 39 Feather Sound , Florida $49,717 40 Lake Butler , Orange County , Florida $49,696 41 Wabasso Beach , Florida $48,690 42 Tierra Verde , Florida $48,259 43 Atlantis , Florida $47,614 44 Bay Hill , Florida $46,744 45 Coral Gables , Florida $46,163 46 Burnt Store Marina , Florida $46,050 47 Boca Raton , Florida $45,628 48 McGregor , Florida $45,240 49 South Sarasota , Florida $45,217 50 Weston , Florida $44,736 50 Lake Hart , Florida $44,665 51 Hypoluxo , Florida $43,960 52 Pine Ridge , Collier County , Florida $43,362 53 Cutler , Florida $42,986 54 Palm Beach Gardens , Florida $42,975 55 Marco Island , Florida $42,875 56 Palm Valley , Florida $42,747 57 Parkland , Florida $41,896 58 Indialantic , Florida $41,126 59 Aventura , Florida $41,092 60 Terra Mar , Florida $40,923 61 Lighthouse Point , Florida $40,839 62 Manasota Key , Florida $40,759 63 Key Colony Beach , Florida $40,631 64 Palm Beach Shores , Florida $40,612 65 Indian Rocks Beach , Florida $40,195 66 North Redington Beach , Florida $40,066 67 Indian Shores , Florida $40,002 68 Sunshine Ranches , Florida $40,001 69 North Palm Beach , Florida $39,564 70 Celebration , Florida $39,521 71 Royal Palm Ranches , Florida $39,274 72 Harbor Bluffs , Florida $39,261 73 Punta Rassa , Florida $39,048 74 Gateway , Florida $38,986 75 The Meadows , Florida $38,826 76 Winter Park , Florida $38,791 77 South Palm Beach , Florida $38,456 78 Surfside , Florida $38,375 79 Redington Beach , Florida $38,265 80 Bonita Springs , Florida $37,958 81 Westchase , Florida $37,630 82 Hutchinson Island South , Florida $37,575 83 Maitland , Florida $37,290 84 Daytona Beach Shores , Florida $37,010 85 Rolling Oaks , Florida $37,008 86 Boca Del Mar , Florida $36,983 87 Ponce Inlet , Florida $36,518 88 East Lake , Florida $36,206 89 Wekiva Springs , Florida $36,196 90 Country Estates , Florida $36,117 91 St. Pete Beach , Florida $35,514 93 Briny Breezes , Florida $35,338 94 Palm City , Florida $35,213 95 Winter Beach , Florida $35,169 96 Keystone , Florida $35,136 97 Jupiter , Florida $35,088 98 Tequesta , Florida $34,974 99 Treasure Island , Florida $34,965 100 Mission Bay , Florida $34,913 </P> <P> 101 Timber Pines , Florida $34,900 102 Fort Myers Beach , Florida $34,703 103 Gulf Breeze , Florida $34,688 104 Vilano Beach , Florida $34,635 105 Lauderdale - by - the - Sea , Florida $34,216 106 Iona , Florida $33,937 107 Plantation , Sarasota County , Florida $33,629 108 Lely Resort , Florida $33,536 109 Edgewood , Florida $33,452 110 Lazy Lake , Florida $33,423 111 Green Meadow , Florida $33,350 112 Samsula - Spruce Creek , Florida $33,084 113 Dunes Road , Florida $33,019 114 Hillsboro Pines , Florida $32,908 115 Gotha , Florida $32,734 116 Punta Gorda , Florida $32,460 117 Cheval , Florida $32,444 118 Lely , Florida $32,430 119 Crescent Beach , Florida $32,279 120 Vamo , Florida $32,068 121 Destin , Florida $32,048 122 Redington Shores , Florida $31,822 123 Lake Clarke Shores , Florida $31,526 124 Melbourne Beach , Florida $31,489 125 Wesley Chapel South , Florida $31,399 126 Holmes Beach , Florida $31,345 127 Belleair Bluffs , Florida $31,329 128 Doctor Phillips , Florida $31,197 129 Butler Beach , Florida $31,193 130 Trinity , Florida $31,187 131 Lakeland Highlands , Florida $31,122 132 Lake Mary , Florida $31,094 133 Vero Beach , Florida $30,940 134 Lochmoor Waterway Estates , Florida $30,763 135 Wellington , Florida $30,726 136 Neptune Beach , Florida $30,525 137 Estero , Florida $30,521 138 Laurel , Florida $30,485 139 Fruit Cove , Florida $30,462 140 Madeira Beach , Florida $30,097 141 Highland Park , Florida $30,097 142 Indian Harbour Beach , Florida $29,986 143 Islamorada , Florida $29,519 144 Miramar Beach , Florida $29,493 145 Delray Beach , Florida $29,350 146 Whiskey Creek , Florida $29,304 147 Bay Harbor Islands , Florida $29,261 148 Shalimar , Florida $29,261 149 Hunter 's Creek , Florida $29,170 150 Greater Carrollwood , Florida $29,107 151 Belle Isle , Florida $29,087 152 Duck Key , Florida $29,007 153 Cocoa Beach , Florida $28,968 154 Miami Lakes , Florida $28,867 155 Anna Maria , Florida $28,767 156 Safety Harbor , Florida $28,632 157 Atlantic Beach , Florida $28,618 158 Desoto Lakes , Florida $28,616 159 Apollo Beach , Florida $28,583 160 Pineland , Florida $28,556 161 North River Shores ,

The poorest county in the state of Florida is

What is the poorest county in the state of florida?

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Kansas Jayhawks ( 15th Final Four ) </Li> <Li> Loyola - Chicago Ramblers ( 2nd Final Four ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winning coach </Th> <Td> Jay Wright ( 2nd title ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MOP </Th> <Td> Donte DiVincenzo ( Villanova ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> NCAA Division I Men 's Tournaments </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` 2017 </Td> <Td> 2019 '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2018 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament was a 68 - team single - elimination tournament to determine the men 's National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017 -- 18 season . The 80th edition of the tournament began on March 13 , 2018 , and concluded with the championship game on April 2 at the Alamodome in San Antonio , Texas . </P> <P> During the first round , UMBC became the first 16 - seed to defeat a 1 - seed in the men 's tournament by defeating Virginia 74 -- 54 . For the first time in tournament history , none of the four top seeded teams in a single region ( the South ) advanced to the Sweet 16 . Also , the tournament featured the first regional final matchup of a 9 - seed ( Kansas State ) and an 11 - seed ( Loyola - Chicago ) . </P> <P> Villanova , Michigan , Kansas , and Loyola - Chicago , the `` Cinderella team '' of the tournament , reached the Final Four . Villanova defeated Michigan in the championship game , 79 -- 62 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Tournament procedure </Li> <Li> 2 2018 NCAA Tournament schedule and venues </Li> <Li> 3 Qualification and selection <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Automatic qualifiers </Li> <Li> 3.2 Tournament seeds </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Regional brackets <Ul> <Li> 4.1 First Four -- Dayton , Ohio </Li> <Li> 4.2 South Regional -- Atlanta , Georgia <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 South Regional Final </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 South Regional all tournament team </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.3 West Regional -- Los Angeles , California <Ul> <Li> 4.3. 1 West Regional Final </Li> <Li> 4.3. 2 West Regional all tournament team </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.4 East Regional -- Boston , Massachusetts <Ul> <Li> 4.4. 1 East Regional Final </Li> <Li> 4.4. 2 East Regional all tournament team </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.5 Midwest Regional -- Omaha , Nebraska <Ul> <Li> 4.5. 1 Midwest Regional Final </Li> <Li> 4.5. 2 Midwest Regional all tournament team </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Final Four <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Alamodome -- San Antonio , Texas <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 National Semifinals </Li> <Li> 5.1. 2 National Championship </Li> <Li> 5.1. 3 Final Four all - tournament team </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Record by conference </Li> <Li> 7 Media coverage <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Television <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 1 Television channels </Li> <Li> 7.1. 2 Studio hosts </Li> <Li> 7.1. 3 Studio analysts </Li> <Li> 7.1. 4 Commentary teams <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 4.1 Team Stream broadcasts </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.2 Radio <Ul> <Li> 7.2. 1 First Four </Li> <Li> 7.2. 2 First and Second rounds </Li> <Li> 7.2. 3 Regionals </Li> <Li> 7.2. 4 Final four </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.3 Internet <Ul> <Li> 7.3. 1 Video </Li> <Li> 7.3. 2 Audio </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Tournament procedure ( edit ) </H2> Further information : NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament § Current tournament format <P> A total of 68 teams entered the 2018 tournament . 32 automatic bids were awarded , one to each program that won their conference tournament . The remaining 36 bids were `` at - large '' , with selections extended by the NCAA Selection Committee . </P> <P> Eight teams ( the four lowest - seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest - seeded at - large teams ) played in the First Four ( the successor to what had been popularly known as `` play - in games '' through the 2010 tournament ) . The winners of these games advanced to the main draw of the tournament . </P> <P> The Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 68 . </P> <H2> 2018 NCAA tournament schedule and venues ( edit ) </H2> Dayton Pittsburgh Charlotte Wichita Boise Detroit Nashville San Diego Dallas 2018 First Four ( orange ) and first and second rounds ( green ) Atlanta Los Angeles Boston Omaha San Antonio 2018 Regionals ( blue ) and Final Four ( red ) <P> The following sites were selected to host each round of the 2018 tournament : </P> <P> First Four </P> <Ul> <Li> March 13 and 14 <Ul> <Li> University of Dayton Arena , Dayton , Ohio ( Host : University of Dayton ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> First and Second Rounds </P> <Ul> <Li> March 15 and 17 <Ul> <Li> PPG Paints Arena , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania ( Host : Duquesne University ) </Li> <Li> Intrust Bank Arena , Wichita , Kansas ( Host : Wichita State University ) </Li> <Li> American Airlines Center , Dallas , Texas ( Host : Big 12 Conference ) </Li> <Li> Taco Bell Arena , Boise , Idaho ( Host : Boise State University ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> March 16 and 18 <Ul> <Li> Spectrum Center , Charlotte , North Carolina ( Host : University of North Carolina at Charlotte ) </Li> <Li> Little Caesars Arena , Detroit , Michigan ( Host : University of Detroit Mercy ) </Li> <Li> Bridgestone Arena , Nashville , Tennessee ( Host : Ohio Valley Conference ) </Li> <Li> Viejas Arena , San Diego , California ( Host : San Diego State University ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> Regional Semifinals and Finals ( Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight ) </P> <Ul> <Li> March 22 and 24 <Ul> <Li> West Regional , Staples Center , Los Angeles , California ( Host : Pepperdine University ) </Li> <Li> South Regional , Philips Arena , Atlanta , Georgia ( Host : Georgia Institute of Technology ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> March 23 and 25 <Ul> <Li> East Regional , TD Garden , Boston , Massachusetts ( Host : Boston College ) </Li> <Li> Midwest Regional , CenturyLink Center Omaha , Omaha , Nebraska ( Host : Creighton University ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> National Semifinals and Championship ( Final Four and Championship ) </P> <Ul> <Li> March 31 and April 2 <Ul> <Li> Alamodome , San Antonio , Texas ( Host : University of Texas at San Antonio ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> For the fourth time , the Alamodome and city of San Antonio are hosting the Final Four . This is the first tournament since 1994 in which no games were played in an NFL stadium , as the Alamodome is a college football stadium , although the Alamodome hosted some home games for the New Orleans Saints during their 2005 season . The 2018 tournament featured three new arenas in previous host cities . Philips Arena , the home of the Atlanta Hawks and replacement for the previously used Omni Coliseum , hosted the South regional games , and the new Little Caesars Arena , home of the Detroit Pistons and Detroit Red Wings , hosted games . And for the first time since 1994 , the tournament returned to Wichita and the state of Kansas where Intrust Bank Arena hosted first round games . </P> <P> The state of North Carolina was threatened with a 2018 - 2022 championship venue boycott by the NCAA , due to the HB2 law passed in 2016 . However , the law was repealed ( but with provisos ) days before the NCAA met to make decisions on venues in April 2017 . At that time , the NCAA board of governors `` reluctantly voted to allow consideration of championship bids in North Carolina by our committees that are presently meeting '' . Therefore , Charlotte was eligible and served as a first weekend venue for the 2018 tournament . </P> <H2> Qualification and Selection ( edit ) </H2> Further information : 2018 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament : qualifying teams <P> Four teams , out of 351 in Division I , were ineligible to participate in the 2018 tournament due to failing to meet APR requirements : Alabama A&M , Grambling State , Savannah State , and Southeast Missouri State . However , the NCAA granted the Savannah State Tigers a waiver which would have allowed the team to participate in the tournament , but the team failed to qualify . </P> <H3> Automatic qualifiers ( edit ) </H3> <P> The following 32 teams were automatic qualifiers for the 2018 NCAA field by virtue of winning their conference 's automatic bid . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Conference </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Record </Th> <Th> Appearance </Th> <Th> Last bid </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> America East </Td> <Th> UMBC </Th> <Td> 24 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> American </Td> <Th> Cincinnati </Th> <Td> 30 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 32nd </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atlantic 10 </Td> <Th> Davidson </Th> <Td> 21 -- 11 </Td> <Td> 14th </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ACC </Td> <Th> Virginia </Th> <Td> 31 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 22nd </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atlantic Sun </Td> <Th> Lipscomb </Th> <Td> 23 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> Never </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big 12 </Td> <Th> Kansas </Th> <Td> 27 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 47th </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big East </Td> <Th> Villanova </Th> <Td> 30 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 38th </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Sky </Td> <Th> Montana </Th> <Td> 26 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 11th </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big South </Td> <Th> Radford </Th> <Td> 22 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Ten </Td> <Th> Michigan </Th> <Td> 28 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 28th </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big West </Td> <Th> Cal State Fullerton </Th> <Td> 20 -- 11 </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> CAA </Td> <Th> College of Charleston </Th> <Td> 26 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 5th </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Conference USA </Td> <Th> Marshall </Th> <Td> 24 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 6th </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Horizon League </Td> <Th> Wright State </Th> <Td> 25 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ivy League </Td> <Th> Penn </Th> <Td> 24 -- 8 </Td> <Td> 24th </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MAAC </Td> <Th> Iona </Th> <Td> 20 -- 13 </Td> <Td> 13th </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MAC </Td> <Th> Buffalo </Th> <Td> 25 -- 8 </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MEAC </Td> <Th> North Carolina Central </Th> <Td> 19 -- 15 </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Missouri Valley </Td> <Th> Loyola -- Chicago </Th> <Td> 28 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 6th </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mountain West </Td> <Th> San Diego State </Th> <Td> 22 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 12th </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Northeast </Td> <Th> LIU Brooklyn </Th> <Td> 18 -- 16 </Td> <Td> 7th </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ohio Valley </Td> <Th> Murray State </Th> <Td> 26 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 16th </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pac - 12 </Td> <Th> Arizona </Th> <Td> 27 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 35th </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Patriot League </Td> <Th> Bucknell </Th> <Td> 25 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 8th </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> SEC </Td> <Th> Kentucky </Th> <Td> 24 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 58th </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Southern </Td> <Th> UNC

The Sweet Sixteen 2018 is being held at the

Where is the sweet sixteen 2018 being held?

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the Creeper 's location , and they head off to find him , along with Michael ( who has a machine gun attached to his truck ) . They find the Creeper driving down the highway in his truck , but when they shoot at it , the bullets deflect , and Michael is killed . A small explosive is ejected from the bottom of the Creeper 's truck , and when it goes off , Tashtego and Tubbs ' car lands in a field . Tubbs gets out and tries to shoot the Creeper , but all of his attempts fail . Before the Creeper can kill Tubbs , Tashtego calls him and he goes for him instead . When the Creeper jumps into the air , Tashtego shoots him several times with the machine gun , but the bullets have no effect and he is tackled to the ground and struck in the head with an axe . When the Creeper stands up , he removes his axe from Tashtego 's head telekinetically and walks away , while Tubbs watches from afar . </P> <P> That night , the Creeper discovers that Addison is still alive , but before he can kill her , she causes the metal rod to shoot out and impale him in the head . She quickly escapes and runs through a field , and he attempts to throw a spear at her , which barely misses her head . He tries one last time to hit her with an axe , but he is hit by a truck and Addison runs away . When the truck driver gets out to see what happened , he is killed by the Creeper . Addison runs and hides in a field where she is found by Gaylen and Buddy and the three leave together . The Creeper later returns to Gaylen 's house where he finds a sign that says , ' We know what you are ' , along with the hand , and yells out in anger . </P> <P> The next day , Addison says goodbye to Buddy as he leaves for a high school basketball game in the same bus that is attacked by the Creeper in the second movie . Twenty - three years later , Trish Jenner is seen typing a letter on a computer calling for people to fight against the Creeper when it returns , and vows to get revenge on the Creeper for the death of her brother , Darry . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Jonathan Breck as the Creeper </Li> <Li> Meg Foster as Gaylen Brandon </Li> <Li> Gabrielle Haugh as Addison Brandon </Li> <Li> Stan Shaw as Sheriff Dan Tashtego </Li> <Li> Joyce Giraud as Deputy Dana Lang </Li> <Li> Jordan Salloum as Kenny Brandon </Li> <Li> Ryan Moore as Kirk Mathers </Li> <Li> Brandon Smith as Sergeant Davis Tubbs </Li> <Li> Gina Philips as Patricia `` Trish '' Jenner ( cameo ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> The third film was in talks even before Jeepers Creepers 2 was released back in 2003 . In 2006 , the movie was `` announced '' and was tentatively called Jeepers Creepers 3 : The Creeper Walks Among Us . MGM had originally planned to release the movie direct to DVD , but was unable to find proper financing . The movie 's script was written by director Victor Salva , with the new title Jeepers Creepers 3 : Cathedral , with Gina Philips returning as Trish Jenner from the first film . For nine more years , the film faced many false starts and setbacks , with Victor Salva saying `` the film has come close many times to going before the cameras , and I hope someone sees the wisdom in shooting this '' . </P> <P> Officially on September 11 , 2015 , the movie got the green light to start filming from Myriad Pictures , and was to begin filming in early 2016 . However , before filming could begin in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canadian talent agencies sent out an alert to warn others about Victor Salva 's criminal past , and then the casting calls were removed , which halted the production . However , producer Stan Spry assured a fan on Twitter that the movie was not cancelled . </P> <P> On the special edition Blu - ray release of Jeepers Creepers 2 , Victor Salva stated that he has written a new script for Jeepers Creepers 3 set between the days of Jeepers Creepers and Jeepers Creepers 2 , where the Creeper terrorizes a farming community . Plans changed yet again , as Gina Philips was brought in to reprise her role as Trish in a cameo . The film 's plot is set in between the first two films , in the year 2001 , although the original Cathedral storyline had the film take place 23 years after the first two films . Actor Stan Shaw , who plays a sheriff in this film , confirmed to a fan on Twitter that the Cathedral storyline was scrapped as that material was more than 12 years old . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> In January 2017 , it was confirmed the film was back in pre-production and that filming would begin in February 2017 in Louisiana , instead of Canada as originally planned ( more closely duplicating the Florida setting of the original film ) . Principal photography finally began on February 15 , 2017 in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . On April 4 , one of the cameras of the production revealed in their social networks that the filming was already finished . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> During an interview for the Edmond Sun , Justin Hall specifically revealed that the film would be released on September 4 , but nothing was confirmed by Victor Salva or the movie studio . On August 16 , the AMC Theaters website stated Jeepers Creepers 3 opens on September 26 , 2017 . On August 29 , selected theaters began selling tickets along with the official poster , revealing that the film would be on display for only one night . Fathom Events then announced that the film 's premiere would also feature never - before - seen bonus pictures and an interview with Jonathan Breck , who plays the Creeper in all three franchise films . A second showing in theaters on October 4 was later added . Fandango updated the brief film synopsis shortly after , `` this Fall , the Creeper returns . See the next film in the iconic horror franchise when Jeepers Creepers 3 returns for a special encore event in movie theaters nationwide for only one night on Wednesday , October 4 . '' Other participating theaters included Marcus Theaters and Galaxy Theaters </P> <P> The film 's Facebook account announced that the film would have its television premiere on the Syfy network on October 28 , 2017 . The channel aired an encore showing on October 29 . </P> <H3> Home media ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film was released on DVD and Blu - ray on December 26 , 2017 . </P> <H2> Marketing ( edit ) </H2> <P> Since the announcement of the final filming , several photos began to appear on the internet implying that they were photos leaked from the post production of Jeepers Creepers 3 , mainly for presenting the actor Stan Shaw that had already been confirmed in the film . The photos ended up being confirmed and shortly after it was released a Behind the Scenes video of the film in social networks . </P> <P> The first teaser trailer for 30 seconds was released on September 6 and the official trailer for the movie was released on September 15 on various YouTube trailer channels . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> During its limited two - day run , Jeepers Creepers 3 grossed $2.3 million in the United States and $997,710 in other territories for a worldwide total of $3.2 million . The film opened in 635 theaters for one day and debuted in # 3 in Tuesday Box Office ranking , alongside Kingsman : The Golden Circle and It . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> Jeepers Creepers 3 received mixed to negative reviews from critics . </P> <P> On Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds a negative approval rating of 20 % based on 5 reviews , with a weighted average rating of 4.1 / 10 . </P> <P> Film critic Steve Pulaski gave the film a mixed review , saying that `` through all its shortcomings , some admittedly due to what the wonders the passing of time does to one 's expectations , I did find some enjoyment in Jeepers Creepers 3 . All of these films have been a tad different from their predecessor , and this one is no exception . It clearly wants to give fans something they can appreciate , it just does n't always know the best route . '' Steve Barton in review to Dread Central gave the film three and a half out of five stars and said , `` at the end of the day if you 're a fan of the franchise , you 'll be happy with this latest entry ... which for my tastes is better than the second but just falls short of the goodness and quality of the original experience . The door has been left open for Jeepers Creepers 4 , and whether or not that will happen remains to be seen '' . </P> <P> However , Robert Yaniz , Jr. from We Got This Covered said that `` lacking in imagination or genuine scares , Jeepers Creepers 3 falls tragically short on just about every front '' . Adam Dileo from IGN gave his verdict saying that being `` an unremarkable entry in a cult favorite franchise , Jeepers Creepers 3 offers fans too little to get excited about . While the monster still rules its slice of country highway and the skies above it , the rest of the film crashes in the cornfields '' . Ernie Trinidad gave the film two out of five stars , stating that the film `` did n't deliver the story fans were anticipating nor provide enough incentive to want to return for the inevitable sequel '' . Trinidad also felt that the film 's daytime setting only managed to draw attention to its low quality CGI and make - up effects . </P> <H2> Sequel ( edit ) </H2> <P> In an interview for Diabolique , actress Gina Philips revealed that Victor Salva has a plot ready for a fourth installment in Jeepers Creepers franchise . She said `` Victor has written what happens from the second after the conclusion of ' Jeepers Creepers 3 ' . I think that 's all I 'm allowed to say about it but he wrote in such detail and he had a lot of flashbacks to what happened over the years that it made it very easy for me . I got to see what will eventually happen to the character and he put enough flashbacks in there that I got to see what happened to her over the last 15 years . Let 's just say , there 's more to come . '' </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Jeepers Creepers </Li> <Li> Jeepers Creepers 2 </Li> <Li> Horror films </Li> <Li> List of horror films </Li> <Li> 2017 films </Li> <Li> List of horror films of 2017 </Li> <Li> List of horror films of 2000 </Li> <Li> Monster movies </Li> <Li> Jersey Devil </Li> <Li> Spring - heeled Jack </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jeepers Creepers 3 ( 2017 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' Jeepers Creepers 3 '

The movie Jeepers Creepers 3 was released on

When does the movie jeepers creepers come out?

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How You Remind Me - wikipedia <H1> How You Remind Me </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` How You Remind Me '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Nickelback </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Silver Side Up </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Little Friend '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> August 21 , 2001 ( 2001 - 08 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> maxi CD </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> June 2001 at Greenhouse Studios , Burnaby , British Columbia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Post-grunge </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Roadrunner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chad Kroeger </Li> <Li> Mike Kroeger </Li> <Li> Ryan Peake </Li> <Li> Ryan Vikedal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rick Parashar </Li> <Li> Nickelback </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Nickelback singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Worthy to Say '' ( 2000 ) </Td> <Td> `` How You Remind Me '' ( 2001 ) </Td> <Td> `` Too Bad '' ( 2002 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Worthy to Say '' ( 2000 ) </Td> <Td> `` How You Remind Me '' ( 2001 ) </Td> <Td> `` Too Bad '' ( 2002 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` How You Remind Me '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` How You Remind Me '' Nickelback 's `` How You Remind Me '' from Silver Side Up </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` How You Remind Me '' is a song by Canadian rock band Nickelback . It was released on August 21 , 2001 as the lead single from their third studio album Silver Side Up ( 2001 ) . A `` Gold Mix '' was made for latter editions of the single with the heavier guitars edited out of the chorus . Lead vocalist and guitarist Chad Kroeger wrote the song about his old girlfriend Jodi , with whom he had a dysfunctional relationship . He referred to this song as the song that put Nickelback on the map when played at their concert in Sturgis , South Dakota , and is often considered to be their signature song . </P> <P> `` How You Remind Me '' was named the number one most played song on U.S. radio of the 2000s decade by Nielsen Soundscan , being spun over 1.2 million times on U.S. airwaves since its release in 2001 to the end of 2009 . The song was named fourth on the Billboard Hot 100 Songs of the Decade and 75th in the UK decade - end chart . It was nominated for the Kerrang ! Award for Best Single . `` How You Remind Me '' was also rated the number one rock song and number 4 alternative song of the decade of the 2000s by Billboard . The song was featured in the music video game Guitar Hero : Warriors of Rock . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Music video </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performances and awards </Li> <Li> 3 Track listings </Li> <Li> 4 Release history </Li> <Li> 5 Charts <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 5.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 5.3 Decade - end charts </Li> <Li> 5.4 Chart successions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Certifications </Li> <Li> 7 Avril Lavigne version <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Background </Li> <Li> 7.2 Track listing </Li> <Li> 7.3 Release history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for `` How You Remind Me '' featured Nickelback playing a small venue with focus on a female audience member . Chad Kroeger admitted to disliking the idea of a small venue performance at first , opting for a bigger scale arena concert ; however , he found the outcome of the video satisfying . </P> <P> In the video , Kroeger plays a man whose girlfriend ( played by model Annie Henley ) has left him and is still haunted by her memory . He still feels strongly for her , and sees her everywhere he goes . Whenever he imagines her touch , he feels a warm memory , indicated by the change in lighting in the video . As the music video progresses , he starts to get over her . At the end , she shows up and apparently asks him to forgive her . This is what he thought he had wanted all along , but suddenly he realizes that it is n't really what he wanted , and pushes her away . She is left with a broken heart and haunted by memories , as he had been at the beginning of the video . </P> <P> Another version of the video exists , and has been played on some UK and Australian music channels . The video simply features the footage of the band playing from the main video , added to footage of the band 's live performances and tour movies . </P> <H2> Chart performances and Awards ( edit ) </H2> <P> Due to its high sales and massive airplay , `` How You Remind Me '' was ranked as the top single of 2002 by Billboard magazine . The single was certified Gold by the RIAA in 2005 , for sales of over 500,000 copies , and by late 2010 it had sold around 860,000 copies total . The song went on to rack up four Billboard Music Awards , four Juno Awards . `` How You Remind Me '' was the number one Most Played Song of 2002 in the United States , across all formats , according to Billboard Monitor . In 2003 , the song was nominated for Grammy Award for Record of the Year . `` How You Remind Me '' was the number one song on the Billboard 's 2002 Year - End Hot 100 Singles Chart , and VH1 ranked the song as the 16th Greatest Power Ballad . </P> <P> The song was listed at number 36 on Billboard 's All Time Top 100 . The song also hit number one on the Kerrang ! feature , 21st Century 's Official 100 Rock Best Sellers . The song was the 75th best - selling single of the 2000s in the UK . In Germany , it 's not just the band 's best - charting single by reaching number 3 on the German Singles Chart , it 's also Nickelback 's longest - staying single on that chart , namely a total of 30 weeks . In 2011 , Fuse TV named it the number one song of the decade . It was listed as number 9 at the Billboard Hot 100 top 100 Rock Songs of the last 50 years . Loudwire listed the song as number 30 on its list `` Top 21st Century Hard Rock Songs '' . </P> <H2> Track listings ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dt> CD single </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` How You Remind Me '' ( Album version ) -- 3 : 45 </Li> <Li> `` How You Remind Me '' ( Acoustic ) -- 3 : 39 </Li> <Li> `` Little Friend '' -- 3 : 48 </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> CD maxi </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` How You Remind Me '' ( Gold Mix ) -- 3 : 45 </Li> <Li> `` How You Remind Me '' ( LP Version ) -- 3 : 30 </Li> <Li> `` Little Friend '' -- 3 : 48 </Li> <Li> `` How You Remind Me '' ( Video ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> Release history ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> August 21 , 2001 ( 2001 - 08 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> March 25 , 2002 ( 2002 - 03 - 25 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2001 -- 05 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Argentina Top 20 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia ( ARIA ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Wallonia ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brazil ( ABPD ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada ( Nielsen SoundScan ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chile Top 20 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denmark ( Tracklisten ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Europe Official Top 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Finland ( Suomen virallinen lista ) </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France ( SNEP ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy ( FIMI ) </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norway ( VG - lista ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Portugal Top 20 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Romania ( Romanian Top 100 ) </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Rock and Metal ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Top 40 Mainstream </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2016 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Poland ( Polish Airplay Top 100 ) </Td> <Td> 87 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2002 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australian Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austrian Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgian ( Flanders ) Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgian ( Wallonia ) Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch Top 40 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> French Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 98 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Irish Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Swiss Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Decade - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2000s ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Rock Songs </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Alternative Songs </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Mainstream Top 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td>

The song "How You Remind Me" by Nickelback was released on

When did how you remind me come out?

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Sacroiliac joint - wikipedia <H1> Sacroiliac joint </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Sacroiliac joint </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Sacroiliac joint of the male pelvis , posterior view </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Human female pelvis , anterior view , with sacroiliac joint within red ellipse . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> articulatio sacroiliaca </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TA </Th> <Td> A03. 6.03. 001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 21440 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The sacroiliac joint or SI joint ( SIJ ) is the joint between the sacrum and the ilium bones of the pelvis , which are connected by strong ligaments . In humans , the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side . The joint is a strong , weight transferral synovial plane joint with irregular elevations and depressions that produce interlocking of the two bones . The human body has two sacroiliac joints , one on the left and one on the right , that often match each other but are highly variable from person to person . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Ligaments </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Function </Li> <Li> 3 Clinical significance <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Inflammation and dysfunction </Li> <Li> 3.2 Signs and symptoms </Li> <Li> 3.3 Pregnancy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Additional images </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> Articulations of pelvis . Anterior view . Articulations of pelvis . Posterior view . <P> Sacroiliac joints are paired C - shaped or L - shaped joints capable of a small amount of movement ( 2 -- 18 degrees , which is debatable at this time ) that are formed between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and the ilium bones . The joints are covered by two different kinds of cartilage ; the sacral surface has hyaline cartilage and the iliac surface has fibrocartilage . The SIJ 's stability is maintained mainly through a combination of only some bony structure and very strong intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments . </P> <P> As we age the characteristics of the sacroiliac joint change . The joint 's surfaces are flat or planar in early life but as we start walking , the sacroiliac joint surfaces develop distinct angular orientations and lose their planar or flat topography . They also develop an elevated ridge along the iliac surface and a depression along the sacral surface . The ridge and corresponding depression , along with the very strong ligaments , increase the sacroiliac joints ' stability and makes dislocations very rare . The fossae lumbales laterales ( `` dimples of Venus '' ) correspond to the superficial topography of the sacroiliac joints . </P> <H3> Ligaments ( edit ) </H3> <P> The ligaments of the sacroiliac joint include the following : </P> <Ul> <Li> Anterior sacroiliac ligament </Li> <Li> Interosseous sacroiliac ligament </Li> <Li> Posterior sacroiliac ligament </Li> <Li> Sacrotuberous ligament </Li> <Li> Sacrospinous ligament </Li> </Ul> <P> The anterior ligament is not much of a ligament at all and in most cases is just a slight thickening of the anterior joint capsule . The anterior ligament is thin and not as well defined as the posterior sacroiliac ligaments . </P> <P> The posterior sacroiliac ( SI ) ligaments can be further divided into short ( intrinsic ) and long ( extrinsic ) . The dorsal interosseous ligaments are very strong ligaments . They are often stronger than bone , such that the pelvis may actually fracture before the ligament tears . The dorsal sacroiliac ligaments include both long and short ligaments . The long dorsal sacroiliac joint ligaments run in an oblique vertical direction while the short ( interosseous ) runs perpendicular from just behind the articular surfaces of the sacrum to the ilium and functions to keep the sacroiliac joint from distracting or opening . The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments ( also known as the extrinsic sacroiliac joint ligaments ) limit the amount the sacrum flexes . </P> <P> The ligaments of the sacroiliac joint loosen during pregnancy due to the hormone relaxin ; this loosening , along with that of the related symphysis pubis , permits the pelvic joints to widen during the birthing process . The long SI ligaments may be palpated in thin persons for pain and compared from one side of the body to the other ; however , the reliability and the validity of comparing ligaments for pain have currently not been shown . The interosseous ligaments are very short and run perpendicular from the iliac surface to the sacrum , they keep the auricular surfaces from abducting or opening / distracting . </P> <H2> Function ( edit ) </H2> <P> Like most lower extremity joints , one of the SI joints ' functions is shock absorption ( depending on the amount of available motion at the sacroiliac joint ) for the spine , along with the job of torque conversion allowing the transverse rotations that take place in the lower extremity to be transmitted up the spine . The SI joint , like all lower extremity joints , provides a `` self - locking '' mechanism ( where the joint occupies or attains its most congruent position , also called the close pack position ) that helps with stability during the push - off phase of walking . The joint locks ( or rather becomes close packed ) on one side as weight is transferred from one leg to the other , and through the pelvis the body weight is transmitted from the sacrum to the hip bone . </P> <P> The motions of the sacroiliac joint </P> <Ul> <Li> Anterior innominate tilt of both hip bones on the sacrum ( where the left and right move as a unit ) </Li> <Li> Posterior innominate tilt of both hip bones on the sacrum ( where the left and right move together as a unit ) </Li> <Li> Anterior innominate tilt of one innominate bone while the opposite innominate bone tilts posteriorly on the sacrum ( antagonistic innominate tilt ) which occurs during gait </Li> <Li> Sacral flexion ( or nutation ) Motions of the sacrum occur simultaneous with motion of the ilium so you must be careful in the description of these as isolated motions . </Li> <Li> Sacral extension ( or counter-nutation ) . </Li> </Ul> <P> The sacroiliac joints like all spinal joints ( except the atlanto - axial ) are bicondylar joints , meaning that movement of one side corresponds to a correlative movement of the other side . </P> <H2> Clinical significance ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Inflammation and dysfunction ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Sacroiliitis and Sacroiliac joint dysfunction <P> Sacroiliitis refers to inflammation of one or both sacroiliac joints , and is one cause of unilateral low back pain . With sacroiliitis , the individual may experience pain in the low back , buttock or thigh , depending on the amount of inflammation . Common problems of the sacroiliac joint are often called sacroiliac joint dysfunction ( also termed SI joint dysfunction ; SIJD ) . Sacroiliac joint dysfunction generally refers to pain in the sacroiliac joint region that is caused by abnormal motion in the sacroiliac joint , either too much motion or too little motion . It typically results in inflammation of the SI joint , or sacroiliitis . </P> <H3> Signs and symptoms ( edit ) </H3> <P> The following are signs and symptoms that may be associated with an SI joint ( SIJ ) problem : </P> <Ul> <Li> Mechanical SIJ dysfunction usually causes a dull unilateral low back pain . </Li> <Li> The pain is often a mild to moderate ache around the dimple or posterior superior iliac spine ( PSIS ) region . </Li> <Li> The pain may become worse and sharp while doing activities such as standing up from a seated position or lifting the knee towards the chest during stair climbing . </Li> <Li> Pain is typically on one side or the other ( unilateral PSIS pain ) , but the pain can occasionally be bilateral . </Li> <Li> When the pain of SIJ dysfunction is severe ( which is infrequent ) , there can be referred pain into the hip , groin , and occasionally down the leg , but rarely does the pain radiate below the knee . </Li> <Li> Pain can be referred from the SIJ down into the buttock or back of the thigh , and rarely to the foot . </Li> <Li> Low back pain and stiffness , often unilateral , that often increases with prolonged sitting or prolonged walking . </Li> <Li> Pain may occur during sexual intercourse ; however , this is not specific to just sacroiliac joint problems . </Li> </Ul> <P> Sacroiliac joint dysfunction is tested using provocative and nonprovocative maneuvers . Nonprovocative sacroiliac joint examination maneuvers would include Gillet Test , prone knee flexion test , supine long sitting test , standing flexion test , and seated flexion test . There is a lack of evidence that these sacroiliac joint mobility maneuvers detect motion abnormalities . </P> <P> Given the inherent technical limitations of the visible and palpable signs from these sacroiliac joint mobility maneuvers another broad category of clinical signs have been described called provocative maneuvers . These maneuvers are designed to reproduce or increase pain originating from within the sacroiliac joint . When the provocative maneuvers reproduce pain along the typical area raises suspicion for sacroiliac joint dysfunction . However no single test is very reliable in the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction . Weakness , numbness , or the loss of a related reflex may indicate nervous system damage . </P> <P> The current gold standard for diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction emanating within the joint is sacroiliac joint injection confirmed under fluoroscopy or CT - guidance using a local anesthetic solution . The diagnosis is confirmed when the patient reports a significant change in relief from pain and the diagnostic injection is performed on 2 separate visits . Published studies have used at least a 75 percent change in relief of pain before a response is considered positive and the sacroiliac joint deemed the source of pain . </P> <H3> Pregnancy ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The hormonal changes of menstruation , pregnancy , and lactation can affect the integrity of the ligament support around the SIJ , which is why women often find the days leading up to their period are when the pain is at its worst . During pregnancy , female hormones are released that allow the connective tissues in the body to relax . The relaxation is necessary so that during delivery , the female pelvis can stretch enough to allow birth . This stretching results in changes to the SIJs , making them overly mobile . Over a period of years , these changes can eventually lead to wear - and - tear arthritis . As would be expected , the more pregnancies a woman has , the higher her chances of SI joint problems . During the pregnancy , micro tears and small gas pockets can appear within the joint . ( This paragraph needs citations ) </P> <P> Muscle imbalance , trauma ( e.g. , falling on the buttock ) and hormonal changes can all lead to SIJ dysfunction . Sacroiliac joint pain may be felt anteriorly , however , care must be taken to differentiate this from hip joint pain . </P> <P> Women are considered more likely to suffer from sacroiliac pain than men , mostly because of structural and hormonal

The joint between a coxal bone of the pelvis and the sacrum is the

The joint between a coxal bone of the pelvis and the sacrum?

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. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Marius Pontmercy </Th> <Td> tenor <P> A2 - Ab4 </P> </Td> <Td> A student revolutionary , is friends with Éponine , but falls in love with Cosette , and she with him . He is later rescued from the barricades by Valjean , who ultimately gives Marius and Cosette his blessing , allowing them to be married . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Éponine </Th> <Td> mezzo - soprano <P> F3 - E5 </P> </Td> <Td> Daughter of the Thénardiers , Éponine , now a ragged street waif and a thief like her father , secretly loves Marius . Although it causes her great anguish , she helps him locate Cosette and later delivers a message he sends her from the barricade . She is killed while returning to the barricades to see Marius . In the end she appears as a spirit alongside Fantine and they guide the dying Valjean to Heaven . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brujon </Th> <Td> baritone or tenor </Td> <Td> A brutish and cowardly , but dissatisfied , member of Thénardier 's Gang . Brujon 's role in the musical expands to cover Gueulemer . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Babet </Th> <Td> baritone or tenor </Td> <Td> A foreboding member of Thénardier 's Gang . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Claquesous </Th> <Td> baritone or tenor </Td> <Td> A member of Thénardier 's Gang Quiet and masked , expert at evading the police , Claquesous might in fact be working for the law . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Montparnasse </Th> <Td> baritone or tenor </Td> <Td> A young member of Thénardier 's Gang , Montparnasse is a handsome man who appears to be close to Éponine . He is usually portrayed as well - dressed , as he is in the book . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cosette </Th> <Td> soprano <P> Bb3 - C6 </P> </Td> <Td> Cosette , the daughter of Fantine , has grown - up to become a beautiful young woman of culture and privilege under Valjean 's adoptive and loving fatherly care and protection . She falls in love with Marius , and he returns her equally strong and pure romantic feelings . She marries him at the end of the musical . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Friends of the ABC </Th> <Td> baritones and tenors <P> A2 - G4 </P> </Td> <Td> Student revolutionaries who lead a revolution and die in the process , the Friends of the ABC become martyrs for the rights of citizens . ( See Members listed below ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Combeferre </Th> <Td> Baritone or tenor <P> A2 - G4 </P> </Td> <Td> Combeferre is the philosopher of the ABC group . Enjolras ' second - in - command . He is described as the guide of the Friends of the ABC . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Feuilly </Th> <Td> tenor <P> A2 - A4 </P> </Td> <Td> Feuilly is the only member of the Friends of the ABC who is not a student ; he is a workingman . An optimist who stands as a sort of ambassador for the `` outside '' , while the rest of the men stand for France . He loves Poland very much . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Courfeyrac </Th> <Td> tenor <P> A2 - G4 </P> </Td> <Td> Friendly and open , Courfeyrac introduces Marius to the ABC society in the novel . He always has many mistresses , and is described as the centre of the Friends of the ABC , always giving off warmth . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Joly </Th> <Td> tenor or baritone <P> A2 - G4 </P> </Td> <Td> A medical student and a hypochondriac ; best friends with Lesgles . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grantaire </Th> <Td> baritone <P> A2 - G4 </P> </Td> <Td> Grantaire is a member of the Friends of the ABC . Though he admires Enjolras , Grantaire often opposes Enjolras ' fierce determination and occasionally acts as a voice of reason . In many performances , Grantaire is very close to Gavroche and attempts to act as his protector . Grantaire is a drunkard and is often tipsy throughout the musical , carrying a bottle of wine wherever he goes . He has no interest in the revolution , and is there because his friends are . He asks of them before the final battle whether they believe their deaths will accomplish anything . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jean Prouvaire </Th> <Td> baritone or tenor <P> A2 - G4 </P> </Td> <Td> Prouvaire , a poet , is the youngest student member of the Friends . Jean Prouvaire has the honor of waving the giant red flag during `` One Day More '' at the end of Act One . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lesgles </Th> <Td> baritone or tenor <P> A2 - G4 </P> </Td> <Td> Best friends with Joly . A very unlucky man , but also a very happy one . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Army Officer / Loud Hailer </Th> <Td> tenor <P> C4 - G4 </P> </Td> <Td> A voice from offstage , he demands the surrender of the student revolutionaries before the army attacks , telling them that the people of Paris have not answered their call for help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Casts ( edit ) </H3> Original casts ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Character </Th> <Th> Original French Stage Cast 1980 </Th> <Th> Original London Cast 1985 </Th> <Th> Original Broadway Cast </Th> <Th> First Broadway Revival 2006 </Th> <Th> Second Broadway Revival 2014 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jean Valjean </Th> <Td> Maurice Barrier </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Colm Wilkinson </Td> <Td> Alexander Gemignani </Td> <Td> Ramin Karimloo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Javert </Th> <Td> Jean Vallée </Td> <Td> Roger Allam </Td> <Td> Terrence Mann </Td> <Td> Norm Lewis </Td> <Td> Will Swenson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fantine </Th> <Td> Rose Laurens </Td> <Td> Patti LuPone </Td> <Td> Randy Graff </Td> <Td> Daphne Rubin - Vega </Td> <Td> Caissie Levy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cosette </Th> <Td> Fabienne Guyon </Td> <Td> Rebecca Caine </Td> <Td> Judy Kuhn </Td> <Td> Ali Ewoldt </Td> <Td> Samantha Hill </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Marius </Th> <Td> Gilles Buhlmann </Td> <Td> Michael Ball </Td> <Td> David Bryant </Td> <Td> Adam Jacobs </Td> <Td> Andy Mientus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Enjolras </Th> <Td> Christian Ratellin </Td> <Td> David Burt </Td> <Td> Michael Maguire </Td> <Td> Aaron Lazar </Td> <Td> Kyle Scatliffe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Éponine </Th> <Td> Marianne Mille </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Frances Ruffelle </Td> <Td> Celia Keenan - Bolger </Td> <Td> Nikki M. James </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Thénardier </Th> <Td> Yvan Dautin </Td> <Td> Alun Armstrong </Td> <Td> Leo Burmester </Td> <Td> Gary Beach </Td> <Td> Cliff Saunders </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Madame Thénardier </Th> <Td> Marie - France Roussel </Td> <Td> Susan Jane Tanner </Td> <Td> Jennifer Butt </Td> <Td> Jenny Galloway </Td> <Td> Keala Settle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gavroche </Th> <Td> Florence Davis Cyrille Dupont Fabrice Ploquin </Td> <Td> Ian Tucker Oliver Spencer Liza Hayden </Td> <Td> Braden Danner RD Robb </Td> <Td> Brian D'Addario Jacob Levine Austin Myers </Td> <Td> Joshua Colley Gaten Matarazzo </Td> </Tr> </Table> Current casts of English - language productions ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Character </Th> <Th> Current London Cast 2017 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jean Valjean </Th> <Td> Killian Donnelly </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Javert </Th> <Td> Hayden Tee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fantine </Th> <Td> Carley Stenson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Éponine </Th> <Td> Karis Jack </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Enjolras </Th> <Td> Hyoie O'Grady </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Marius </Th> <Td> Paul Wilkins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Thénardier </Th> <Td> Steven Meo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Madame Thénardier </Th> <Td> Jacqueline Tate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cosette </Th> <Td> Charlotte Kennedy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gavroche </Th> <Td> Colby Mulgrew Ben Perkins Charlie Stripp Felix Warren </Td> </Tr> </Table> Anniversary Concerts casts ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Character </Th> <Th> 10th Anniversary Concert Cast 1995 </Th> <Th> 25th Anniversary Concert Cast </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jean Valjean </Th> <Td> Colm Wilkinson </Td> <Td> Alfie Boe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Javert </Th> <Td> Philip Quast </Td> <Td> Norm Lewis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fantine </Th> <Td> Ruthie Henshall </Td> <Td> Lea Salonga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Éponine </Th> <Td> Lea Salonga </Td> <Td> Samantha Barks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Thénardier </Th> <Td> Alun Armstrong </Td> <Td> Matt Lucas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Madame Thénardier </Th> <Td colspan="2"> Jenny Galloway </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Marius </Th> <Td> Michael Ball </Td> <Td> Nick Jonas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cosette </Th> <Td> Judy Kuhn </Td> <Td> Katie Hall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Enjolras </Th> <Td> Michael Maguire </Td> <Td> Ramin Karimloo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gavroche </Th> <Td> Adam Searles </Td> <Td> Robert Madge </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Productions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Sit down productions ( edit ) </H3> Original French production ( edit ) The Palais des Sports in Paris where the musical was first performed . <P> French songwriter Alain Boublil had the idea to adapt Victor Hugo 's novel into a musical while at a performance of the musical Oliver ! in London : </P> <P> As soon as the Artful Dodger came onstage , Gavroche came to mind . It was like a blow to the solar plexus . I started seeing all the characters of Victor Hugo 's Les Misérables -- Valjean , Javert , Gavroche , Cosette , Marius , and Éponine -- in my mind 's eye , laughing , crying , and singing onstage . </P> <P> He pitched the idea to French composer Claude - Michel Schönberg , and the two developed a rough synopsis . They worked up an analysis of each character 's mental and emotional state , as well as that of an audience . Schönberg then began to write the music , while Boublil began work on the text . According to Boublil , `` ... I could begin work on the words . This I did -- after myself deciding on the subject and title of every song -- in collaboration with my friend , poet Jean - Marc Natel . '' Two years later , a two - hour demo tape with Schönberg accompanying himself on the piano and singing every role was completed . An album of this collaboration was recorded at CTS Studios in Wembley and was released in 1980 , selling 260,000 copies . </P> <P> The concept album includes Maurice Barrier as Jean Valjean , Jacques Mercier as Javert , Rose Laurens as Fantine , Yvan Dautin as Thénardier , Marie - France Roussel as Mme . Thénardier , Richard Dewitte as Marius , Fabienne Guyon as Cosette , Marie - France Dufour as Éponine , Michel Sardou as Enjolras , Fabrice Bernard as Gavroche , Maryse Cédolin as Young Cosette , Claude - Michel Schönberg as Courfeyrac , Salvatore Adamo as Combeferre , Michel Delpech as Feuilly , Dominique Tirmont as M. Gillenormand , and Mireille as the hair buyer . </P> <P> That year , in September 1980 , a stage version directed by veteran French film director Robert Hossein was produced at the Palais des Sports in Paris . The show was a success , with 100 performances seen by over 500,000 people . </P> <P> Most of the cast from the concept album performed in the production . The cast included Maurice Barrier as Valjean , Jean Vallée as Javert , Rose Laurens as Fantine , Maryse Cédolin and Sylvie Camacho and Priscilla Patron as Young Cosette , Marie - France Roussel as Mme . Thénardier , Yvan Dautin as M. Thénardier , Florence Davis and Fabrice Ploquin and Cyrille Dupont as Gavroche , Marianne Mille as Éponine , Gilles Buhlmann as Marius , Christian Ratellin as Enjolras , Fabienne Guyon as Cosette , René - Louis Baron as Combeferre , Dominique Tirmont as M. Gillenormand , Anne Forrez as Mlle . Gillenormand , and Claude Reva as the storyteller . </P> Original West End production ( edit ) Les Misérables at Queen 's Theatre in London <P> The English - language version , with lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer

The role of Cosette in the Broadway production of Les Misérables was played by

Who played cosette in les miserables on broadway?

-3884651026012756707

40 - yard dash - wikipedia <H1> 40 - yard dash </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The 40 - yard dash is a sprint covering 40 yards ( 36.58 m ) . It is primarily run to evaluate the speed and acceleration of American football players by scouts , particularly for the NFL Draft but also for collegiate recruiting . A player 's recorded time can have a heavy impact on his prospects in college or professional football . This was traditionally only true for the `` skill '' positions such as running back , wide receiver , and defensive back , although now a fast 40 - yard dash time is considered important for almost every position . The 40 - yard dash is not an official race in track and field athletics and is not an IAAF - recognized event . </P> <P> The origin of timing football players for 40 yards comes from the average distance of a punt and the time it takes to reach that distance . Punts average around 40 yards in distance from the line of scrimmage , and the hangtime ( time of flight ) averages approximately 4.5 seconds . Therefore , if a coach knows that a player runs 40 yards in 4.5 seconds , he will be able to leave the line of scrimmage when a punt is kicked , and reach the point where the ball comes down just as it arrives . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Timing method and track comparisons </Li> <Li> 2 Records <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Records at the NFL Scouting Combine </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Average time by position </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Timing method and track comparisons ( edit ) </H2> <P> In terms of judging a person 's speed , the best method of timing is through lasers which start and stop the times when passed through . A laser start ( from a stationary position ) is more accurate for measuring pure speed as it does not register a runner 's reaction time . However , the method of timing a 40 - yard dash can affect the accuracy by as much 0.5 seconds ( with the manual stopwatch method ) . The National Football League ( NFL ) did not begin using partial electronic timing ( started by hand , stopped electronically ) at the NFL Scouting Combine until 1999 . For purposes of measurement at the Combine , the run is made along the lower sideline from the 40 yard - line to the end zone , which has built - in rundown space . </P> <P> In track and field races , the runner must react to the starting gun , which takes approximately 0.24 seconds , based on FAT timing . A runner with a reaction time less than . 100 is subject to disqualification as that is deemed too fast of a reaction time . For electronically timed 40 - yard dashes , the runner is allowed to start when he wishes , and a timer hand - starts the clock . This aspect means that comparisons with track times are impossible given that a reaction time is not factored in . Furthermore , the use of hand - timing in the 40 - yard dash can considerably alter a runner 's time ; the methods are not comparable to the rigorous electronic timing used in track and field . </P> <P> Jacoby Ford , who ran a 4.28 s in the 2010 NFL Combine , had a collegiate best of 6.51 s in the 60 - meter dash ( outside the top - 40 of the all - time lists ) . This highlights the difficulties in comparing track running times to football 40 - yard times due to the different timing methods . </P> <H2> Records ( edit ) </H2> <P> Auburn 's Bo Jackson claims to have run a 40 - yard dash with a time of 4.13 s . A time of 4.18 run by Jackson within the same week added some support to the legitimacy of the times . Texas Tech 's Jakeem Grant was hand - timed by a New Orleans Saints scout as running a 4.10 in 2016 , potentially beating Jackson 's record . Deion Sanders ran a 4.27 - second 40 - yard dash in 1989 . </P> <P> In 2013 , Carlin Isles recorded a time of 4.22 at a Detroit Lions facility during a workout . </P> <P> In 2017 Olympic sprinter Christian Coleman ran a time of 4.12 seconds on turf in response to claims that NFL players are as fast as Usain Bolt . </P> <H3> Records at the NFL Scouting Combine ( edit ) </H3> <P> This is a list of the official 40 - yard dash results of 4.30 seconds or better recorded at the NFL Scouting combine since 1999 , the first year electronic timing was implemented at the NFL Scouting Combine . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Time </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Height </Th> <Th> Weight </Th> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> College </Th> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Draft </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.22 </Td> <Td> John Ross </Td> <Td> 5 ft 11 in ( 180 cm ) </Td> <Td> 190 lb ( 86 kg ) </Td> <Td> Wide receiver </Td> <Td> Washington </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> No. 9 overall by Cincinnati Bengals </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.24 </Td> <Td> Rondel Menendez </Td> <Td> 5 ft 9 in ( 175 cm ) </Td> <Td> 192 lb ( 87 kg ) </Td> <Td> Wide receiver </Td> <Td> Eastern Kentucky </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> No. 247 overall by Atlanta Falcons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.24 </Td> <Td> Chris Johnson </Td> <Td> 5 ft 11 in ( 180 cm ) </Td> <Td> 192 lb ( 87 kg ) </Td> <Td> Running back </Td> <Td> East Carolina </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> No. 24 overall by Tennessee Titans </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.26 </Td> <Td> Jerome Mathis </Td> <Td> 5 ft 11 in ( 180 cm ) </Td> <Td> 184 lb ( 83 kg ) </Td> <Td> Wide receiver </Td> <Td> Hampton </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> No. 114 overall by Houston Texans </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.26 </Td> <Td> Dri Archer </Td> <Td> 5 ft 8 in ( 173 cm ) </Td> <Td> 173 lb ( 78 kg ) </Td> <Td> Running back </Td> <Td> Kent State </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> No. 97 overall by Pittsburgh Steelers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.27 </Td> <Td> Stanford Routt </Td> <Td> 6 ft 2 in ( 188 cm ) </Td> <Td> 193 lb ( 88 kg ) </Td> <Td> Cornerback </Td> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> No. 38 overall by Oakland Raiders </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.27 </Td> <Td> Marquise Goodwin </Td> <Td> 5 ft 10 in ( 178 cm ) </Td> <Td> 181 lb ( 82 kg ) </Td> <Td> Wide receiver </Td> <Td> Texas </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> No. 78 overall by Buffalo Bills </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.28 </Td> <Td> Champ Bailey </Td> <Td> 6 ft 0 in ( 183 cm ) </Td> <Td> 192 lb ( 87 kg ) </Td> <Td> Cornerback </Td> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> No. 7 overall by Washington Redskins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.28 </Td> <Td> Jacoby Ford </Td> <Td> 5 ft 9 in ( 175 cm ) </Td> <Td> 190 lb ( 86 kg ) </Td> <Td> Wide receiver </Td> <Td> Clemson </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> No. 108 overall by Oakland Raiders </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.28 </Td> <Td> Jalen Myrick </Td> <Td> 5 ft 10 in ( 178 cm ) </Td> <Td> 200 lb ( 91 kg ) </Td> <Td> Cornerback </Td> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> No. 222 overall by Jacksonville Jaguars </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.28 </Td> <Td> J.J. Nelson </Td> <Td> 5 ft 10 in ( 178 cm ) </Td> <Td> 156 lb ( 71 kg ) </Td> <Td> Wide receiver </Td> <Td> UAB </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> No. 159 overall by Arizona Cardinals </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.28 </Td> <Td> DeMarcus Van Dyke </Td> <Td> 6 ft 1 in ( 185 cm ) </Td> <Td> 187 lb ( 85 kg ) </Td> <Td> Cornerback </Td> <Td> Miami </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> No. 81 overall by Oakland Raiders </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.29 </Td> <Td> Fabian Washington </Td> <Td> 5 ft 11 in ( 180 cm ) </Td> <Td> 188 lb ( 85 kg ) </Td> <Td> Cornerback </Td> <Td> Nebraska </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> No. 23 overall by Oakland Raiders </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.29 </Td> <Td> Dominique Rodgers - Cromartie </Td> <Td> 6 ft 2 in ( 188 cm ) </Td> <Td> 184 lb ( 83 kg ) </Td> <Td> Cornerback </Td> <Td> Tennessee State </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> No. 16 overall by the Arizona Cardinals </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.29 </Td> <Td> Josh Robinson </Td> <Td> 5 ft 10 in ( 178 cm ) </Td> <Td> 199 lb ( 90 kg ) </Td> <Td> Cornerback </Td> <Td> UCF </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> No. 66 overall by Minnesota Vikings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.30 </Td> <Td> Darrent Williams </Td> <Td> 5 ft 9 in ( 175 cm ) </Td> <Td> 176 lb ( 80 kg ) </Td> <Td> Cornerback </Td> <Td> Oklahoma State </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> No. 56 overall by Denver Broncos </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.30 </Td> <Td> Tye Hill </Td> <Td> 5 ft 10 in ( 178 cm ) </Td> <Td> 185 lb ( 84 kg ) </Td> <Td> Cornerback </Td> <Td> Clemson </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> No. 15 overall by St. Louis Rams </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.30 </Td> <Td> Yamon Figurs </Td> <Td> 5 ft 11 in ( 180 cm ) </Td> <Td> 174 lb ( 79 kg ) </Td> <Td> Wide receiver </Td> <Td> Kansas State </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> No. 74 overall by Baltimore Ravens </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4.30 </Td> <Td> Darrius Heyward - Bey </Td> <Td> 6 ft 2 in ( 188 cm ) </Td> <Td> 210 lb ( 95 kg ) </Td> <Td> Wide receiver </Td> <Td> Maryland </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> No. 7 overall by Oakland Raiders </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Average time by position ( edit ) </H2> <P> According to a five - year NFL combine report , wide receivers and cornerbacks had the fastest average times at 4.55 , followed by running backs at 4.59 . The following average times were measured between 2008 and 2012 at the NFL combine . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> Time </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wide receiver </Td> <Td> 4.55 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cornerback </Td> <Td> 4.55 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Running back </Td> <Td> 4.59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Safety </Td> <Td> 4.62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Outside linebacker </Td> <Td> 4.74 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tight end </Td> <Td> 4.77 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fullback </Td> <Td> 4.80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Inside linebacker </Td> <Td> 4.80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Quarterback </Td> <Td> 4.87 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Defensive end </Td> <Td> 4.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Defensive tackle </Td> <Td> 5.13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> 5.30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Offensive tackle </Td> <Td> 5.32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Offensive guard </Td> <Td> 5.36 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ MacCambridge , Michael ( 2005 ) . America 's Game : The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation ( 1st ed . ) . New York : Anchor Books . p. 29 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 375 - 72506 - 7 . Intent on building a fast team , ( Paul Brown in the mid-1940s ) began timing players in the 40 - yard dash , rather than the 100 , reasoning that the 40 was a more meaningful measure of true football speed , about the distance a player would cover on a punt . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0345545141 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1543670-how-are-40-yard-dash-times-recorded </Li> <Li>

The fastest 40-yard dash in the NFL was run by

Who ran the fastest 40 yard dash in the nfl?

-6731660837492850061

Tomato purée - wikipedia <H1> Tomato purée </H1> Jump to : navigation , search A spoonful of tomato purée <P> Tomato purée is a thick liquid made by cooking and straining tomatoes . The difference between tomato paste , tomato purée , and tomato sauce is consistency ; tomato puree has a thicker consistency and a deeper flavour than sauce . </P> <P> The definitions of tomato purée vary from country to country . In the U.S. , tomato purée is a processed food product , usually consisting of only tomatoes , but can also be found in the seasoned form . It differs from tomato sauce or tomato paste in consistency and content ; tomato purée generally lacks the additives common to a complete tomato sauce and does not have the thickness of paste . </P> <P> To prepare tomato purée , ripe tomatoes are washed and the leaves and stem are removed . Some processors remove the skin of the tomato as well . The fruit flesh is then mashed or mechanically chopped to the desired consistency . </P> <P> Tomato purée can be used in soups , stews , sauces , or any other dish where the tomato flavor is desired , but not the texture . It is less often used by professional chefs , who find it to have an overly cooked flavor compared to other forms of canned tomatoes . This is sometimes a non-issue , as in long - cooked dishes , but in quick sauces such as a marinara sauce it is undesirable . </P> <P> Tomato purée has approx 16 % solids content . Lower solids content is due to filtering , higher content is due to concentration of the product . </P> <P> A related product , passata di pomodoro , is a tomato purée that is sieved and not cooked . In this form , it is generally sold in bottles or aseptic packaging , and is most common in Europe . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of tomato dishes </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Bev Bennett ( 2011 ) . 30 - Minute Meals For Dummies . Tomato puree is a thick liquid made by cooking and straining tomatoes . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Barbara Ann Kipfer ( 2012 ) . The Culinarian : A Kitchen Desk Reference . p. 561 . The differences between tomato paste , tomato purée , and tomato sauce are texture and depth of flavor ( the thicker the consistency , the deeper the flavor ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sudheer , K.P. & V. Indira ( 2007 ) . Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. 7 . p. 163 . The product is very similar to tomato puree except that the solid concentration is more . Tomato paste is the product obtained by removal of peel and seeds from tomatoes , followed by concentration of juice by evaporation under vacuum . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ President 's list of articles which may be designated or modified ... The United States International Trade Commission - 1990 - Numéro 6 - Page 2 `` Tomato paste , which is generally more concentrated than puree , is used as a substitute for fresh or canned tomatoes in the preparation of dishes such as spaghetti , pizza , and pork and beans , as well as for sauces and ketchup . Tomato puree ... '' </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Passata recipes and information at the BBC 's Food pages </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Tomato_purée&oldid = 836096349 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Tomato products </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Български </Li> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> Հայերեն </Li> <Li> Қазақша </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 5 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 12 April 2018 , at 17 : 21 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The main difference between tomato paste and tomato puree is the

Whats the difference between tomato paste and tomato puree?

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<Td> Rodrigo Prieto </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Jay Rabinowitz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Imagine Entertainment </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Universal Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> November 8 , 2002 ( 2002 - 11 - 08 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 110 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $41 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $242.9 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> 8 Mile is a 2002 American hip hop drama film written by Scott Silver , directed by Curtis Hanson , and starring Eminem , Mekhi Phifer , Brittany Murphy , Michael Shannon , and Kim Basinger . </P> <P> The film is based loosely on Eminem 's actual upbringing , and follows white rapper B - Rabbit ( Eminem ) and his attempt to launch a career in a genre dominated by African - Americans . The title is derived from 8 Mile Road , the highway between the predominantly black city of Detroit and Wayne County and the predominantly White Oakland County and Macomb County suburbs . It was filmed mostly on location . </P> <P> 8 Mile was a critical and commercial success . Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Lose Yourself . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Music </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 4.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 4.3 Top lists </Li> <Li> 4.4 Awards and honors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1995 in Detroit , Jimmy `` B - Rabbit '' Smith Jr. is a blue - collar worker from a poor family . He has moved back north of 8 Mile Road to the run - down trailer home in Warren , Michigan of his alcoholic mother Stephanie , his little sister Lily , and Stephanie 's abusive live - in boyfriend Greg . Although encouraged by his friends , Jimmy worries about his potential as a rapper . He falters during a rap battle one night at a local venue , the Shelter , and he leaves the stage humiliated . </P> <P> Jimmy works at a car factory . When he asks for extra shifts , his supervisor laughs and dismisses his request on account of his habitual lateness . Jimmy befriends a woman named Alex . Over time , Jimmy begins to take more responsibility for the direction of his life . When he exhibits an improved attitude and performance at work , his supervisor grants him the extra shifts he requested . </P> <P> Stephanie receives a notice evicting her and the family as she can not pay rent . Despite Stephanie 's best attempts to keep the eviction notice a secret , Greg finds out about it . A fight ensues between him and Jimmy , and Greg leaves Stephanie for good . Jimmy 's friendship with Wink , a radio DJ with ties to a record label promoter , becomes strained after he discovers that Wink does promotional work for Jimmy 's rivals , a rap group known as the `` Leaders of the Free World . '' At one point , Jimmy and his friends get into a violent brawl with the Leaders , which is disrupted when Jimmy 's friend Cheddar Bob pulls out a gun and accidentally shoots himself in the leg ; he survives but is confined to crutches . </P> <P> At work one day when on lunch break , Jimmy witnesses a rap battle in which an employee insults a gay co-worker , Paul . Jimmy joins the battle and defends Paul . Alex is impressed by Jimmy 's actions ; they have sex in the factory . Wink arranges for Jimmy to meet with producers at a recording studio , but Jimmy finds Wink and Alex engaging in intercourse . Enraged , Jimmy attacks Wink as Alex tries to break up their altercation . In retaliation , Wink and the Leaders of the Free World assault Jimmy outside his mother 's trailer . The leader of the gang , Papa Doc , holds Jimmy at gunpoint , threatening to kill him before being dissuaded by Wink . </P> <P> Jimmy 's best friend and battle host , Future , pushes him to get revenge by competing against the Leaders of the Free World at the next rap battle . However , Jimmy 's late - night shift conflicts with the timing of the next battle tournament . A goodbye visit from Alex , who is moving to New York , changes his mind about competing , and Paul agrees to cover his shift at work as a favor while Jimmy goes to the battle . </P> <P> In all rounds of the rap battle , Jimmy has to compete against one member of `` the Leaders . '' After winning the first two rounds , he has to challenge Papa Doc . He wins by exposing his opponent 's weaknesses as well as his own . With nothing to say in rebuttal , Papa Doc hands the microphone back to Future , embarrassed . After being congratulated by Alex and his friends , Jimmy is offered a position by Future , hosting battles at The Shelter . Jimmy declines , saying he has to get back to work and to find success his own way . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Eminem as Jimmy `` B - Rabbit '' Smith , Jr . </Li> <Li> Mekhi Phifer as Future , Jimmy 's closest friend and the rap battle host </Li> <Li> Brittany Murphy as Alex Latourno , Jimmy 's love interest </Li> <Li> Kim Basinger as Stephanie , Jimmy and Lily 's mother </Li> <Li> Anthony Mackie as Papa Doc </Li> <Li> Michael Shannon as Greg Buehl , Stephanie 's boyfriend </Li> <Li> Eugene Byrd as Wink </Li> <Li> Evan Jones as Cheddar Bob , Jimmy 's friend </Li> <Li> Omar Benson Miller as Sol George , Jimmy 's friend and Iz 's brother </Li> <Li> De'Angelo Wilson as DJ Iz , Jimmy 's friend and Sol 's brother </Li> <Li> Taryn Manning as Janeane , Jimmy 's ex-girlfriend </Li> <Li> Proof as Lil ' Tic </Li> <Li> Xzibit as Mike ( Male Lunch Truck Rapper ) </Li> <Li> Craig Chandler as Paul </Li> <Li> Obie Trice as Male parking lot rapper </Li> <Li> Chloe Greenfield as Lily , Jimmy 's sister </Li> <Li> John Singleton as Bouncer </Li> <Li> Miz Korona as Vanessa ( Female Lunch Truck Rapper ) </Li> <Li> Brandon T. Jackson ( uncredited ) as a Chin Tiki club - foe </Li> </Ul> <H2> Music ( edit ) </H2> <P> </P> Main article : Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture 8 Mile <P> Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture 8 Mile is the soundtrack to 8 Mile . Eminem features on five tracks from the album . It was released under the Shady / Interscope label and spawned Eminem 's first number 1 US single `` Lose Yourself '' . The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 Albums Chart that year with over 702,000 copies sold and 507,000 sold in the second week also finishing the year as the fifth best - selling album of 2002 with US sales of 3.2 million , despite only two months of release . It also reached # 1 on the UK Compilations Chart and the Australian ARIAnet Albums Chart . It also spawned a follow up soundtrack , More Music from 8 Mile , consisting of songs that appear in 8 Mile that were current singles during the film 's time setting of 1995 . The album was also made in a clean edition removing most of the strong profanity and violent content . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> 8 Mile opened at # 1 with $51,240,555 in its opening weekend , the then second highest opening for an R - rated movie in the U.S. The film would go on to gross $116,750,901 domestically , and $126,124,177 overseas for a total of $242,875,078 worldwide . The film 's final domestic gross would hold the film at # 3 in Box Office Mojo 's `` Pop Star Debuts '' list , behind Austin Powers in Goldmember ( Beyoncé ) and The Bodyguard ( Whitney Houston ) . </P> <P> The 8 Mile DVD , which was released on March 18 , 2003 , generated $75 million in sales and rentals in its first week , making it the biggest DVD debut ever for an R - rated movie and putting it in the all - time Top 10 for first week home video sales for a movie . A VHS version was also released on the same date . </P> <H3> Critical reception ( edit ) </H3> <P> 8 Mile received positive reviews , with critics praising the music and Eminem 's performance . Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports the film is `` Certified Fresh '' , with 76 % of 206 professional critics giving the film a positive review and a rating average of 7.0 out of 10 . The site 's consensus is that `` Even though the story is overly familiar , there 's enough here for an engaging ride . '' On Metacritic , which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics , the film has rating score of 77 based on 38 reviews , which indicates `` generally favorable reviews '' . CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade cinemagoers gave 8 Mile was B+ on an A+ to F scale , with the core under - 21 demographics giving it an A . </P> <P> Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars . He said that we `` are hardly started in 8 Mile , and already we see that this movie stands aside from routine debut films by pop stars '' and that it is `` a faithful reflection of his myth '' . He said that Eminem , as an actor , is `` convincing without being too electric '' and `` survives the X-ray truth - telling of the movie camera '' In the At the Movies with Ebert and Roeper review , both Ebert and Richard Roeper gave the film a thumbs up ; Roeper said that Eminem has a `` winning screen presence '' and `` raw magic '' to him . He was happy with Rabbit 's `` tender side '' presented through his relationship with the `` adorable '' Greenfield as his sister , but felt that Basinger was `` really miscast '' . Roeper said : `` 8 Mile probably wo n't win converts to rap , but it should thrill Eminem fans . '' </P> <P> Peter Travers gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars . He said that 8 Mile `` is a real movie , not a fast - buck package to exploit the fan base of a rap nonentity '' that `` qualifies as a cinematic event by tapping into the roots of Eminem and the fury and feeling that inform his rap . '' He praised Hanson 's directing and the performances , and compared the final battle with Papa Doc to the fight between Rocky Balboa and Apollo Creed in Rocky . </P> <H3> Top lists ( edit ) </H3> <P> 8 Mile has been named in various year - end and all - time top lists : </P> <Ul> <Li> 2nd -- Billboard ( Erika Ramirez ) : Top 10 Best Hip - Hop Movies Ever </Li> <Li> 7th -- The New York Observer

In the movie 8 Mile, Jimmy's mom is played by

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BSP 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Goa </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> MGP 3 , GFP 3 </Td> <Td> NCP 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gujarat </Td> <Td> 182 </Td> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> 120 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> JDU 1 </Td> <Td> NCP 2 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Haryana </Td> <Td> 90 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> INLD 19 </Td> <Td> SAD 1 </Td> <Td> BSP 1 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Himachal Pradesh </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> <Td> 36 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jammu & Kashmir </Td> <Td> 87 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> CPM 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> PDP 28 , JKPC 2 </Td> <Td> NC 15 , PDF 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jharkhand </Td> <Td> 81 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> CPI - ML 1 , MCC 1 </Td> <Td> JMM 19 , JBSP 1 </Td> <Td> AJSU 4 </Td> <Td> JVM ( P ) 2 , BSP 1 , JP 1 , NSM 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Karnataka </Td> <Td> 224 </Td> <Td> 124 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> JDS 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> BSRC 3 , KJP 2 , KMP 1 , SKP 1 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kerala </Td> <Td> 140 </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> CPM 58 , CPI 19 , CMP ( KSC ) 1 , RSP ( L ) 1 , C ( S ) 1 , NSC 1 , KCB 1 </Td> <Td> JDS 3 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> IUML 18 , KCM 6 , KCJ 1 , NCP 2 , </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Madhya Pradesh </Td> <Td> 230 </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> <Td> 165 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> BSP 4 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maharashtra </Td> <Td> 288 </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> 122 </Td> <Td> PWPI 3 , CPM 1 </Td> <Td> SP 1 </Td> <Td> SS 63 , RSP 1 </Td> <Td> NCP 41 , BVA 3 , AIMIM 2 , BBM 1 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manipur </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> NPF 4 NPP 4 , LJP 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Meghalaya </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> UDP 8 , HSPDP 4 , NPP 2 </Td> <Td> NCP 2 , NESDP 1 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mizoram </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> MNF 5 </Td> <Td> MPC 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nagaland </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> NPF 46 , JDU 1 </Td> <Td> NCP 1 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Odisha </Td> <Td> 147 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> CPM 1 </Td> <Td> BJD 117 , SKD 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Punjab </Td> <Td> 117 </Td> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> SAD 15 </Td> <Td> AAP 20 , LIP 2 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rajasthan </Td> <Td> 200 </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 161 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> NPP 4 </Td> <Td> BSP 2 , NUZP 2 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sikkim </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> SDF 29 </Td> <Td> SKM 2 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tamil Nadu </Td> <Td> 234 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> AIADMK 135 </Td> <Td> DMK 89 , IUML 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Telangana </Td> <Td> 119 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> CPM 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> TDP 3 </Td> <Td> TRS 90 , AIMIM 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tripura </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> CPM 50 , CPI 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Uttar Pradesh </Td> <Td> 403 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 311 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> SP 47 , RLD 1 , </Td> <Td> ADS 9 , SBSP 4 </Td> <Td> BSP 19 , NISHAD 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Uttarakhand </Td> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 57 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> West Bengal </Td> <Td> 294 </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> CPM 26 , RSP 3 , AIFB 2 , CPI 1 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> GJM 3 </Td> <Td> AITC 211 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Delhi </Td> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> AAP 63 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Puducherry </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> AINRC 8 , AIADMK 4 </Td> <Td> DMK 2 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Total </Td> <Td> 4120 </Td> <Td> 766 </Td> <Td> 1417 </Td> <Td> 177 </Td> <Td> 329 </Td> <Td> 609 </Td> <Td> 707 </Td> <Td> 92 </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Presiding officers ( edit ) </H2> <P> Similar to the Presiding officers of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha , the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council also have Presiding Officers . The Legislative Assembly has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and the Legislative Council has a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman . They are elected from among the members of the House . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Election Commission of India </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Indian Government Structure at State Level '' . KKHSOU . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 1 ) </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)&oldid=805594524 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> State lower houses in India </Li> <Li> State legislatures of India </Li> <Li> Members of the state Legislative Assemblies of India </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from March 2011 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> മലയാളം </Li> <Li> ଓଡ଼ିଆ </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> <Li> తెలుగు </Li> <Li> اردو </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 16 October 2017 , at 11 : 58 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The presiding officer of the Legislative Council in India is the

Who is the presiding officer of legislative council in india?

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Son of a Preacher Man - wikipedia <H1> Son of a Preacher Man </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the John Rich album , see Son of a Preacher Man ( album ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Son of a Preacher Man '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Dusty Springfield </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Dusty in Memphis </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Just a Little Lovin ' '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> November 8 , 1968 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> American Studios , Memphis , Tennessee : September 1968 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Blue - eyed soul , R&B </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Atlantic ( US ) , Philips ( Canada ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> John Hurley , Ronnie Wilkins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jerry Wexler , Arif Mardin , Jeff Barry , Tom Dowd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Dusty Springfield singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Do n't Forget About Me '' ( 1969 ) </Td> <Td> `` Son of a Preacher Man '' ( 1968 ) </Td> <Td> `` Willie & Laura Mae Jones '' ( 1969 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Do n't Forget About Me '' ( 1969 ) </Td> <Td> `` Son of a Preacher Man '' ( 1969 ) </Td> <Td> `` Willie & Laura Mae Jones '' ( 1969 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Dusty in Memphis track listing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` So Much Love '' ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> `` Son of a Preacher Man '' ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Do n't Want to Hear It Anymore '' ( 4 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Son of a Preacher Man '' is a song written and composed by John Hurley and Ronnie Wilkins and recorded by British singer Dusty Springfield in September 1968 for the album Dusty in Memphis . </P> <P> Springfield 's version was produced by Jerry Wexler , Tom Dowd and Arif Mardin for her first album for the Atlantic Records label and became an international hit reaching No. 10 in the United States and No. 9 in her native Great Britain when it was released in late 1968 . The album Dusty in Memphis was released in stereo , though its singles were remixed and released in mono . `` Son of a Preacher Man '' was to be the last Top Ten chart hit for Springfield for almost 20 years , till she teamed up with Pet Shop Boys for the single `` What Have I Done to Deserve This ? '' in 1987 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origins </Li> <Li> 2 Legacy </Li> <Li> 3 Other recorded versions </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origins ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1967 , while working at Muscle Shoals , Alabama , songwriters John Hurley and Ronnie Wilkins , who had recently had a hit with `` Love of the Common People , '' were asked by Jerry Wexler to write a song for Aretha Franklin . Remembering the fact that Franklin 's father was a preacher , as Wilkins 's grandfather had been , Hurley and Wilkins quickly came up with the song `` Son of a Preacher Man . '' Wexler liked the song and recorded it with Aretha Franklin , but then decided that it did not fit with her other songs and passed the song on to Dusty Springfield for her album Dusty in Memphis . </P> <P> The song was recorded by Franklin 's older sister Erma , who included it on her 1969 Brunswick album Soul Sister . Not till after hearing Springfield 's version did Franklin reconsider ; when she did release the song herself , including it on her 1970 album , This Girl 's in Love with You , her version charted only as a less popular a-side of the b - side hit single `` Call Me . '' </P> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> <P> The writers of Rolling Stone magazine placed Dusty Springfield 's recording at No. 77 among The 100 Best Singles of the Last 25 Years in 1987 . The record was placed at No. 43 of the Greatest Singles of All Time by the writers of New Musical Express in 2002 . In 2004 , the song made the Rolling Stone list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time at No. 240 . </P> <P> In 1994 , the song was featured in a scene of the film Pulp Fiction . The film 's soundtrack reached No. 21 on the Billboard 200 and went platinum ( 100,000 units ) in Canada alone . `` Son of a Preacher Man '' helped to sell over two million units of the album and to help it reach number six on the charts according to SoundScan . Quentin Tarantino has been quoted , on the `` Collectors Edition '' DVD of Pulp Fiction , as saying that he probably would not have filmed the scene in which the song is featured had he not been able to use it . </P> <P> The song is also featured in the film Enron : The Smartest Guys in the Room , during scenes depicting Kenneth Lay , ex-Enron CEO and son of a Baptist minister , and on an episode of Hindsight . In the 2008 television episode of the American series The Office titled `` Baby Shower , '' ( Jan Levinson ) ) , played by Melora Hardin , is filmed singing `` Son of a Preacher Man '' as a lullaby to her newborn daughter Astrid . Later in the same episode , Jim Halpert ( John Krasinski ) describes the bizarre scene to his fiancee , Pam Beesley ( Jenna Fischer ) , noting that the song is about `` losing your virginity next to a church . '' </P> <P> Samples from `` Son of a Preacher Man '' were used on Cypress Hill 's `` Hits from the Bong '' on their album Black Sunday . </P> <P> Melissa Manchester has paid tribute to Dusty Springfield by performing the song live in recent years . </P> <P> The song is also featured in the 2016 video game Mafia III . </P> <H2> Other recorded versions ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Eva Cassidy released her version on her 1996 album Live at Blues Alley . </Li> <Li> Nancy Sinatra released her version on her 1969 album Nancy . </Li> <Li> Country singer Peggy Little released a cover version in 1969 that peaked at # 40 on the Billboard country charts . </Li> <Li> Sylvia Vrethammar had a 1969 single release of `` Son of a Preacher Man '' rendered in Swedish as `` En lärling på våran gård '' which entered the Svensktoppen . In 2012 , Pugh Rogefeldt recorded a variation of this version entitled `` Fröken i våran klass '' for the TV Show Så mycket bättre . </Li> <Li> French singer Nicoletta recorded a French rendering entitled `` Le Grand Amour '' for her 1969 EP Quand On A Que L'Amour . </Li> <Li> A German version entitled `` Der Junge von Nebenan '' was recorded by German singer Katja Ebstein for her second album Mein Leben ist wie ein Lied in 1970 . </Li> <Li> American R&B / soul trio Honey Cone recorded the song for their 1970 debut album Take Me with You . </Li> <Li> Other early versions of the song appeared on albums by Skeeter Davis , Erma Franklin , Bobbie Gentry , Jan Howard , Ketty Lester , Liza Minnelli , Irene Reid , Mavis Staples , Tina Turner , Nancy Wilson , and Judy Mowatt & The Gaylettes . Also Czech vocalist Věra Špinarová ( cs ) had a 1969 single release with a cover of the original English - language version . Tanya Tucker recorded a version in 1975 on her album Tanya Tucker . </Li> <Li> Canadian country music band Farmer 's Daughter took an upbeat version of the song to # 35 on the RPM Country Tracks charts in 1995 . </Li> <Li> A live version by Joan Osborne appears on her 1996 album Early Recordings . </Li> <Li> Cam Clarke recorded the song in 1999 , giving it a gay interpretation . </Li> <Li> Australian - born country singer Sherrié Austin also released a version that reached # 46 on the U.S. Billboard country charts in 2004 . </Li> <Li> There is a version in Swiss German called `` där Sohn vom Pfarrär '' recorded in 1994 by Sina from Switzerland . </Li> <Li> The song has also been recorded by Katey Sagal for an episode of the television show Sons of Anarchy . </Li> <Li> Hank Marvin included the song on his 2000 album Marvin at the Movies . </Li> <Li> The song has also been recorded by Hanne Boel ( album Black Wolf / 1988 ) , Phoebe Cates ( album Paradise / 1982 ) , Sarah Connor ( album Soulicious / 2007 ) , Barbara Dex ( album Strong / 1998 ) , Jessica Simpson ( performed on the Early Show ) , Joss Stone , and Jackie Thomas ( album Jackie Thomas / 2013 ) . </Li> <Li> The Finnish rendering `` Salapoliisin Tytär '' was recorded by Jouko Ja Kosti ( fi ) for their 1971 self - titled album . </Li> <Li> Canadian singer Jann Arden recorded the song on her 2007 album Uncover Me . </Li> <Li> Liza Minnelli performed the song as part of her 1972 filmed concert Liza with a Z . </Li> <Li> Hollie Cavanagh performed and recorded a version of the song on Season 11 of American Idol in 2012 . She received general praise for her rendition and progressed to the Top 6 . </Li> <Li> Dolly Parton recorded the song in 1996 during sessions for her Treasures album , though the song was ultimately not included on the final album , and remained unreleased . Parton has performed the song live a few times on television shows , and included it in her set list during her 2011 Better Day World Tour </Li> <Li> Tom Goss made a gay - themed version of the song in 2015 telling the story of two young , gay teens struggling to understand their sexuality and feelings for one another while operating within the confines of an evangelical church . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Preacher 's kid </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` I Hate Country Music , But Not Country Songs - The Nashville work of Hurley , Putman & Wilkins '' , Soul-source.co.uk . Retrieved 14 August 2017 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' . RollingStone.com . Retrieved 2008 - 11 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Billboard ; 1 / 28 / 95 , Vol. 107 Issue 4 , p62 , 1 / 2p </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Billboard , 00062510 , 4 / 20 / 96 , Vol. 108 , Issue 16 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Christian Science Monitor , 08827729 , 9 / 8 / 97 , Vol. 89 , Issue 198 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Office ( 1 ) , Season 5 Episode 3 , aired Thursday , October 16 . 2008 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Makuch , Eddie

The song "Son of a Preacher Man" was released on

When was son of a preacher man released?

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History of rail transport in Great Britain - wikipedia <H1> History of rail transport in Great Britain </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Dl> <Dd> This article is part of the history of rail transport by country series . </Dd> </Dl> Rail Passengers in Great Britain from 1829 - 2016 Class 87 electric locomotive and Mark 3 coaches franchised by Virgin Trains . <P> The railway system of Great Britain , the principal territory of the United Kingdom , is the oldest in the world . It was started with the building of local isolated wooden wagonways starting in 1560s . The system was later built as a patchwork of local rail links operated by small private railway companies in late 18th century . These isolated links developed during the railway boom of the 1840s into a national network , although still run by dozens of competing companies . Over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries , these amalgamated or were bought by competitors until only a handful of larger companies remained ( see railway mania ) . The entire network was brought under government control during the First World War and a number of advantages of amalgamation and planning were revealed . However , the government resisted calls for the nationalisation of the network . In 1923 , almost all the remaining companies were grouped into the `` big four '' , the Great Western Railway , the London and North Eastern Railway , the London , Midland and Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway . The `` Big Four '' were joint - stock public companies and they continued to run the railway system until 31 December 1947 . </P> <P> From the start of 1948 , the `` big four '' were nationalised to form British Railways . Though there were few initial changes to the service , usage increased and the network became profitable . Declining passenger numbers and financial losses in the late 1950s and early 1960s prompted the closure of many branch and main lines , and small stations , under the Beeching Axe . Passenger services experienced a renaissance with the introduction of high - speed inter-city trains in the 1970s . The 1980s saw severe cuts in rail subsidies and above - inflation increases in fares and the service became more cost - effective . Railway operations were privatised during 1994 - 1997 . Ownership of the track and infrastructure passed to Railtrack , whilst passenger operations were franchised to individual private sector operators ( originally there were 25 franchises ) and the freight services sold outright . Since privatisation , passenger levels have since increased to their highest ever level , but whether this is due to privatisation is disputed . The Hatfield accident set in motion the series of events that resulted in the ultimate collapse of Railtrack and its replacement with Network Rail , a state - owned , not - for - dividend company . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Before 1830 : The pioneers </Li> <Li> 2 1830 -- 1922 : Early development </Li> <Li> 3 1923 -- 1947 : The Big Four </Li> <Li> 4 1948 -- 1994 : British Rail </Li> <Li> 5 1995 onwards : Post-privatisation </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Sources <Ul> <Li> 8.1 General </Li> <Li> 8.2 Pre-1830 </Li> <Li> 8.3 1830 -- 1922 </Li> <Li> 8.4 1923 -- 1947 </Li> <Li> 8.5 1948 -- 1994 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Before 1830 : the pioneers ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830 <P> A wagonway was used by German miners at Caldbeck , Cumbria , England , perhaps from the 1560s . A wagonway was built at Prescot , near Liverpool , sometime around 1600 , possibly as early as 1594 . Owned by Philip Layton , the line carried coal from a pit near Prescot Hall to a terminus about half a mile away . </P> <P> Another wagonway was Sir Francis Willoughby 's Wollaton Wagonway in Nottinghamshire built between 1603 and 1604 to carry coal . </P> <P> As early as 1671 railed roads were in use in Durham to ease the conveyance of coal ; the first of these was the Tanfield Wagonway . Many of these tramroads or wagon ways were built in the 17th and 18th centuries . They used simply straight and parallel rails of timber on which carts with simple flanged iron wheels were drawn by horses , enabling several wagons to be moved simultaneously . </P> <P> Although the idea of wooden - railed wagonways originated in Germany in the 16th century , the first use of steam locomotives was in Britain . Its earliest `` railways '' were straight and were constructed from parallel rails of timber on which ran horse - drawn carts . These were succeeded in 1793 when Benjamin Outram constructed a mile - long tramway with L - shaped cast iron rails . These rails became obsolete when William Jessop began to manufacture cast iron rails without guiding ledges - the wheels of the carts had flanges instead . Cast iron is brittle and so the rails tended to break easily . Consequently , in 1820 , John Birkenshaw introduced a method of rolling wrought iron rails , which were used from then onwards . </P> The first passenger service was at Oystermouth in 1807 <P> The first passenger - carrying public railway was opened by the Swansea and Mumbles Railway at Oystermouth in 1807 , using horse - drawn carriages on an existing tramline . </P> <P> In 1804 , Richard Trevithick designed and built the first ( unnamed ) steam locomotive to run on smooth rails . </P> Salamanca of 1812 <P> The first commercially successful steam locomotive was Salamanca , built in 1812 by John Blenkinsop and Matthew Murray for the 4 ft ( 1,219 mm ) gauge Middleton Railway . Salamanca was a rack and pinion locomotive , with cog wheels driven by two cylinders embedded into the top of the centre - flue boiler . </P> <P> In 1813 , William Hedley and Timothy Hackworth designed a locomotive ( Puffing Billy ) for use on the tramway between Stockton and Darlington . Puffing Billy featured piston rods extending upwards to pivoting beams , connected in turn by rods to a crankshaft beneath the frames which , in turn , drove the gears attached to the wheels . This meant that the wheels were coupled , allowing better traction . A year later , George Stephenson improved on that design with his first locomotive Blücher , which was the first locomotive to use single - flanged wheels . </P> <P> That design persuaded the backers of the proposed Stockton and Darlington Railway to appoint Stephenson as Engineer for the line in 1821 . While traffic was originally intended to be horse - drawn , Stephenson carried out a fresh survey of the route to allow steam haulage . The Act was subsequently amended to allow the usage of steam locomotives and also to allow passengers to be carried on the railway . The 25 - mile ( 40 km ) long route opened on 27 September 1825 and , with the aid of Stephenson 's Locomotion No 1 , was the first locomotive - hauled public railway in the world . </P> <H2> 1830 -- 1922 : early Development ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of rail transport in Great Britain 1830 -- 1922 <P> In 1830 the Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened . This set the pattern for modern railways . It was the world 's first inter-city passenger railway and the first to have ' scheduled ' services , terminal stations and services as we know them today . The railways carried freight and passengers with also the world 's first goods terminal station at the Park Lane railway goods station at Liverpool 's south docks , accessed by the 1.26 mile Wapping Tunnel . In 1836 , at the Liverpool end the line was extended to Lime Street Station in Liverpool 's city centre via a 1.1 mile long tunnel . </P> <P> Many of the first public railways were built as local rail links operated by small private railway companies . With increasing rapidity , more and more lines were built , often with scant regard for their potential for traffic . The 1840s were by far the biggest decade for railway growth . In 1840 , when the decade began , railway lines in Britain were few and scattered but , within ten years , a virtually complete network had been laid down and the vast majority of towns and villages had a rail connection and sometimes two or three . Over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries , most of the pioneering independent railway companies amalgamated or were bought by competitors , until only a handful of larger companies remained ( see Railway Mania ) . </P> <P> The period also saw a steady increase in government involvement , especially in safety matters . The 1840 `` Act for Regulating Railways '' empowered the Board of Trade to appoint railway inspectors . The Railway Inspectorate was established in 1840 , to enquire into the causes of accidents and recommend ways of avoiding them . As early as 1844 , a bill had been put before Parliament suggesting the state purchase of the railways ; this was not adopted . It did , however , lead to the introduction of minimum standards for the construction of carriages and the compulsory provision of 3rd class accommodation for passengers - so - called `` Parliamentary trains '' . </P> <P> The entire network was brought under government control during the First World War and a number of advantages of amalgamation and planning were revealed . However , the Conservative members of the wartime coalition government resisted calls for the formal nationalisation of the railways ( first proposed by William Ewart Gladstone as early as the 1840s ) in 1921 . </P> <H2> 1923 -- 1947 : the Big Four ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of rail transport in Great Britain 1923 -- 1947 <P> On 1 January 1923 , almost all the railway companies were grouped into the Big Four : the Great Western Railway , the London and North Eastern Railway , the London , Midland and Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway companies . A number of other lines , already operating as joint railways , remained separate from the Big Four ; these included the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway and the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway . The `` Big Four '' were joint - stock public companies and they continued to run the railway system until 31 December 1947 . </P> The LNER Class A4 streamlined loco hauled express trains of the 1930s offered a high - speed alternative to road transport <P> The competition from road transport during the 1920s and 1930s greatly reduced the revenue available to the railways , even though the needs for maintenance on the network had never been higher , as investment had been deferred over the past decade . Rail companies accused the government of favouring road haulage through the construction of roads subsidised by the taxpayer , while restricting the rail industry 's ability to use flexible pricing because it was held to nationally agreed rate cards . The government response was to commission several inconclusive reports ; the Salter Report of 1933 finally recommended that road transport should be taxed directly to fund the roads and increased Vehicle Excise Duty and fuel duties were introduced . It also noted that many small lines would never be likely to compete with road haulage . Although these road pricing changes helped their survival , the railways entered a period of slow decline , owing to a lack of investment and changes in transport policy and lifestyles . </P> <P> During the Second World War , the companies ' managements

The first train ran in England in the

When did the first train run in england?

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outset of World War II it controlled to varying degrees numerous crown colonies , protectorates and the Indian Empire . It also maintained unique political ties to four semi-independent Dominions -- Australia , Canada , South Africa , and New Zealand -- as part of the Commonwealth . In 1939 the British Commonwealth was a global superpower , with direct or de facto political and economic control of 25 % of the world 's population , and 30 % of its land mass . </P> <P> The contribution of the British Empire and Commonwealth in terms of manpower and materiel was critical to the Allied war effort . From September 1939 to mid-1942 Britain led Allied efforts in almost every global military theatre . Commonwealth forces ( United Kingdom , Colonial , Imperial and Dominion ) , totalling close to 15 million serving men and women , fought the German , Italian , Japanese and other Axis armies , air forces and navies across Europe , Africa , Asia , and in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic , Indian , Pacific and Arctic Oceans . Commonwealth forces fought in Britain , and across Northwestern Europe in the effort to slow or stop the Axis advance . Commonwealth airforces fought the Luftwaffe to a standstill over Britain , and its armies fought and destroyed Italian forces in North and East Africa and occupied several overseas colonies of German - occupied European nations . Following successful engagements against Axis forces , Commonwealth troops invaded and occupied Libya , Italian Somaliland , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Iran , Iraq , Syria , Lebanon , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Madagascar . </P> <P> The Commonwealth defeated , held back or slowed the Axis powers for three years while mobilizing their globally integrated economy , military , and industrial infrastructure to build what became , by 1942 , the most extensive military apparatus of the war . These efforts came at the cost of 150,000 military deaths , 400,000 wounded , 100,000 prisoners , over 300,000 civilian deaths , and the loss of 70 major warships , 39 submarines , 3,500 aircraft , 1,100 tanks and 65,000 vehicles . During this period the Commonwealth built an enormous military and industrial capacity . Britain became the nucleus of the Allied war effort in Europe , and hosted governments in exile in London to rally support in occupied Europe for the Allied effort . Canada delivered almost $4 billion in direct financial aid to the United Kingdom , and Australia and New Zealand began shifting to domestic production to provide material aid to US forces in the Pacific . Following the US entry into the war in December 1941 , the Commonwealth and United States coordinated their military efforts and resources globally . As the scale of the US military involvement and industrial production increased , the US undertook command of many theatres , relieving Commonwealth forces for duty elsewhere , and expanding the scope and intensity of Allied military efforts . </P> <P> However , it also proved difficult to co-ordinate the defence of far - flung colonies and Commonwealth countries from simultaneous attacks by the Axis Powers . In part this was exacerbated by disagreements over priorities and objectives , as well as the deployment and control of joint forces . The governments of Britain and Australia , in particular , turned to the United States for support . Although the British Empire and the Commonwealth countries all emerged from the war as victors , and the conquered territories were returned to British rule , the costs of the war and the nationalist fervour that it had stoked became a catalyst for the decolonisation which took place in the following decades . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Pre-war plans for defence </Li> <Li> 2 Declaration of war against Germany </Li> <Li> 3 Empire and Commonwealth contribution <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Finances </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Crisis in the Mediterranean </Li> <Li> 5 Fall of Singapore </Li> <Li> 6 India </Li> <Li> 7 Victory </Li> <Li> 8 Aftermath </Li> <Li> 9 Military histories of the British Empire , Colonies and Dominions </Li> <Li> 10 See also <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Homefront </Li> <Li> 10.2 Major military formations and units </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 13.1 Army </Li> <Li> 13.2 Royal Navy </Li> <Li> 13.3 Air war </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Prewar plans for defence ( edit ) </H2> <P> From 1923 , defence of British colonies and protectorates in East Asia was centred on the `` Singapore strategy '' . This made the assumption that Britain could send a fleet to its naval base in Singapore within two or three days of a Japanese attack , while relying on France to provide assistance in Asia via its colony in Indochina and , in the event of war with Italy , to help defend British territories in the Mediterranean . Pre-war planners did not anticipate the fall of France : Nazi occupation , the loss of control over the Channel , and the employment of French Atlantic ports as forward bases for U-boats directly threatened Britain itself , forcing a significant reassessment of naval defence priorities . </P> <P> During the 1930s , a triple threat emerged for the British Commonwealth in the form of right - wing , militaristic governments in Germany , Italy and Japan . Germany threatened Britain itself , while Italy and Japan 's imperial ambitions looked set to clash with the British imperial presence in the Mediterranean and East Asia respectively . However , there were differences of opinion within the UK and the Dominions as to which posed the most serious threat , and whether any attack would come from more than one power at the same time . </P> <H2> Declaration of war against Germany ( edit ) </H2> Sir Robert Menzies broadcasting to Australia the news of the outbreak of war , 1939 <P> On 1 September 1939 , Germany invaded Poland . Two days later , on 3 September , after a British ultimatum to Germany to cease military operations was ignored , Britain and France declared war on Germany . Britain 's declaration of war automatically committed India , the Crown colonies , and the protectorates , but the 1931 Statute of Westminster had granted autonomy to the Dominions so each decided their course separately . </P> <P> Australian Prime Minister Robert Menzies immediately joined the British declaration on 3 September , believing that it applied to all subjects of the Empire and Commonwealth . New Zealand followed suit simultaneously , at 9.30 pm on 3 September ( local time ) , after Peter Fraser consulted the Cabinet ; although as Chamberlain 's broadcast was drowned by static , the Cabinet ( led by Fraser as Prime Minister Mickey Savage was terminally ill ) delayed until the Admiralty announced to the fleet a state of war , then backdated the declaration to 9.30 pm . South Africa took three days to make its decision ( on 6 September ) , as the Prime Minister General J.B.M. Hertzog favoured neutrality but was defeated by the pro-war vote in the Union Parliament , led by General Jan Smuts , who then replaced Hertzog . Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King declared support for Britain on the day of the British declaration , but also stated that it was for Parliament to make the formal declaration , which it did so one week later on 10 September . The Irish Free State , which had been a dominion until 1937 , remained neutral </P> <H2> Empire and Commonwealth contribution ( edit ) </H2> British Empire and Commonwealth forms of government and production c 1940 Kenya Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve 1945 <P> While the war was initially intended to be limited , resources were mobilized quickly , and the first shots were fired almost immediately . Just hours after the Australian declaration of war , a gun at Fort Queenscliff fired across the bows of a ship as it attempted to leave Melbourne without required clearances . On 10 October 1939 , an aircraft of No. 10 Squadron RAAF based in England became the first Commonwealth air force unit to go into action when it undertook a mission to Tunisia . The first Canadian convoy of 15 ships bearing war goods departed Halifax just six days after the nation declared war , with two destroyers HMCS St. Laurent and HMCS Saguenay . A further 26 convoys of 527 ships sailed from Canada in the first four months of the war , and by 1 January 1940 Canada had landed an entire division in Britain . On 13 June 1940 Canadian troops deployed to France in an attempt to secure the southern flank of the British Expeditionary Force in Belgium . As the fall of France grew imminent , Britain looked to Canada to rapidly provide additional troops to strategic locations in North America , the Atlantic and Caribbean . Following the Canadian destroyer already on station from 1939 , Canada provided troops from May 1940 to assist in the defence of the British Caribbean colonies , with several companies serving throughout the war in Bermuda , Jamaica , the Bahamas and British Guiana . Canadian troops were also sent to the defence of the colony of Newfoundland , on Canada 's east coast , the closest point in North America to Germany . Fearing the loss of a land link to the British Isles , Canada was also requested to also occupy Iceland , which it did from June 1940 to the spring of 1941 , following the initial British invasion . </P> <P> From mid-June 1940 , following the rapid German invasions and occupations of Poland , Denmark , Norway , France , Belgium , Luxembourg and the Netherlands , the British Commonwealth was the main opponent of Germany and the Axis , until the entry into the war of the Soviet Union in June 1941 . During this period Australia , India , New Zealand and South Africa provided dozens of ships and several divisions for the defence of the Mediterranean , Greece , Crete , Lebanon and Egypt , where British troops were outnumbered four to one by the Italian armies in Libya and Ethiopia . Canada delivered a further 2nd Canadian Infantry Division , pilots for two air squadrons , and several warships to Britain to face a possible invasion from the continent . </P> <P> In December 1941 , Japan launched , in quick succession , attacks on British Malaya , the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor , and Hong Kong . </P> <P> Substantial financial support was provided by Canada to the UK and Commonwealth dominions , in the form of over $4 billion in aid through the Billion Dollar Gift and Mutual Aid and the War Appropriation Act . Over the course of the war over 1.6 million Canadians served in uniform ( out of a prewar population of 11 million ) , in almost every theatre of the war , and by war 's end the country had the third - largest navy and fourth - largest air force in the world . By the end of the war , almost a million Australians had served in the armed forces ( out of a population of under 7 million ) , whose military units fought primarily in Europe , North Africa , and the South West Pacific . </P> <P> The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan ( also known as the `` Empire Air Training Scheme '' ) was established by the governments of Australia , Canada , New Zealand and the UK resulting in : </P> <Ul> <Li> joint training at flight schools in Canada , Southern Rhodesia , Australia and New Zealand ; </Li> <Li> formation of new squadrons of the Dominion air forces , known as `` Article XV squadrons '' for service as part of Royal Air Force operational commands , and ; </Li> <Li> in practice , the pooling

The United Kingdom entered World War 2 in

When did the united kingdom entered world war 2?

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Precipitation ( Chemistry ) - Wikipedia <H1> Precipitation ( Chemistry ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the chemical phenomenon . For other uses , see Precipitation ( disambiguation ) . `` Precipitate '' redirects here . For other uses , see Precipitate ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> hide This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may lack focus or may be about more than one topic . Please help improve this article , possibly by splitting the article and / or by introducing a disambiguation page , or discuss this issue on the talk page . ( August 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Chemical Precipitation <P> Precipitation is the creation of a solid from a solution . When the reaction occurs in a liquid solution , the solid formed is called the ' precipitate ' . The chemical that causes the solid to form is called the ' precipitant ' . Without sufficient force of gravity ( settling ) to bring the solid particles together , the precipitate remains in suspension . After sedimentation , especially when using a centrifuge to press it into a compact mass , the precipitate may be referred to as a ' pellet ' . Precipitation can be used as a medium . The precipitate - free liquid remaining above the solid is called the ' supernate ' or ' supernatant ' . Powders derived from precipitation have also historically been known as ' flowers ' . When the solid appears in the form of cellulose fibers which have been through chemical processing , the process is often referred to as regeneration . </P> <P> Sometimes the formation of a precipitate indicates the occurrence of a chemical reaction . If silver nitrate solution is poured into a solution of sodium chloride , a chemical reaction occurs forming a white precipitate of silver chloride . When potassium iodide solution reacts with lead ( II ) nitrate solution , a yellow precipitate of lead ( II ) iodide is formed . </P> <P> Precipitation may occur if the concentration of a compound exceeds its solubility ( such as when mixing solvents or changing their temperature ) . Precipitation may occur rapidly from a supersaturated solution . </P> <P> In solids , precipitation occurs if the concentration of one solid is above the solubility limit in the host solid , due to e.g. rapid quenching or ion implantation , and the temperature is high enough that diffusion can lead to segregation into precipitates . Precipitation in solids is routinely used to synthesize nanoclusters . </P> <P> An important stage of the precipitation process is the onset of nucleation . The creation of a hypothetical solid particle includes the formation of an interface , which requires some energy based on the relative surface energy of the solid and the solution . If this energy is not available , and no suitable nucleation surface is available , supersaturation occurs . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Applications </Li> <Li> 2 Representation using chemical equations </Li> <Li> 3 Precipitate colors </Li> <Li> 4 Anion / cation analysis </Li> <Li> 5 Digestion </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Applications ( edit ) </H2> Crystals of meso - tetratolylporphyrin from a reflux of propanoic acid precipitate on cooling Copper from a wire is displaced by silver in a silver nitrate solution it is dipped into , and solid silver precipitates out . <P> Precipitation reactions can be used for making pigments , removing salts from water in water treatment , and in classical qualitative inorganic analysis . </P> <P> Precipitation is also useful to isolate the products of a reaction during workup . Ideally , the product of the reaction is insoluble in the reaction solvent . Thus , it precipitates as it is formed , preferably forming pure crystals . An example of this would be the synthesis of porphyrins in refluxing propionic acid . By cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature , crystals of the porphyrin precipitate , and are collected by filtration : </P> <Dl> <Dd> </Dd> </Dl> <P> Precipitation may also occur when an antisolvent ( a solvent in which the product is insoluble ) is added , drastically reducing the solubility of the desired product . Thereafter , the precipitate may easily be separated by filtration , decanting , or centrifugation . An example would be the synthesis of chromic tetraphenylporphyrin chloride : water is added to the DMF reaction solution , and the product precipitates . Precipitation is also useful in purifying products : crude bmim - Cl is taken up in acetonitrile , and dropped into ethyl acetate , where it precipitates . Another important application of an antisolvent is in ethanol precipitation of DNA . </P> <P> In metallurgy , precipitation from a solid solution is also a useful way to strengthen alloys ; this process is known as solid solution strengthening . </P> <H2> Representation using chemical equations ( edit ) </H2> See also : solubility product <P> An example of a precipitation reaction : Aqueous silver nitrate ( AgNO ) is added to a solution containing potassium chloride ( KCl ) , the precipitation of a white solid , silver chloride ( AgCl ) , is observed . ( Zumdahl , 2005 ) </P> <Dl> <Dd> AgNO 3 + KCl ⟶ AgCl ↓ + KNO 3 ( \ displaystyle ( \ ce ( ( AgNO3 ) + KCl - > AgCl ( v ) + KNO3 ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> The silver chloride ( AgCl ) has formed a solid , which is observed as a precipitate . </P> <P> This reaction can be written emphasizing the dissociated ions in a combined solution . This is known as the ionic equation . </P> <Dl> <Dd> Ag + + NO 3 − + K + + Cl − ⟶ AgCl ↓ + K + + NO 3 − ( \ displaystyle ( \ ce ( ( Ag+ ) + ( NO3 ^ ( - ) ) + ( K+ ) + ( Cl ^ ( - ) ) - > AgCl ( v ) + ( K+ ) + NO3 ^ ( - ) ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> A final way to represent a precipitate reaction is known as a net ionic reaction . In this case , any spectator ions ( those that do not contribute to the reaction ) are left out of the formula completely . This simplifies the above equations to the following : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Ag + + Cl − ⟶ AgCl ↓ ( \ displaystyle ( \ ce ( ( Ag+ ) + Cl ^ - - > AgCl ( v ) ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <H2> Precipitate colors ( edit ) </H2> Green and reddish brown stains on a limestone core sample , respectively corresponding to precipitates of oxides / hydroxides of Fe and Fe . <P> Many compounds containing metal ions produce precipitates with distinctive colors . The following are typical colors for various metals . However , many of these compounds can produce colors very different from those listed . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> black </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chromium </Td> <Td> Deep green , murky green , orange , purple , yellow , brown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cobalt </Td> <Td> Pink </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Copper </Td> <Td> Blue </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Iron ( II ) </Td> <Td> Green </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Iron ( III ) </Td> <Td> Reddish brown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Manganese </Td> <Td> Pale pink </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nickel </Td> <Td> Green </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lead </Td> <Td> Yellow </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Other compounds generally form white precipitates . </P> <H2> Anion / cation analysis ( edit ) </H2> See also : Qualitative inorganic analysis <P> Precipitate formation is useful in the detection of the type of cation in a salt . To do this , an alkali first reacts with the unknown salt to produce a precipitate that is the hydroxide of the unknown salt . To identify the cation , the color of the precipitate and its solubility in excess are noted . Similar processes are often used in sequence -- for example , a barium nitrate solution will react with sulfate ions to form a solid barium sulfate precipitate , indicating that it is likely that sulfate ions are present . </P> <H2> Digestion ( edit ) </H2> <P> Digestion , or precipitate ageing , happens when a freshly formed precipitate is left , usually at a higher temperature , in the solution from which it precipitates . It results in cleaner and bigger particles . The physico - chemical process underlying digestion is called Ostwald ripening . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Coprecipitation </Li> <Li> Salting in </Li> <Li> Salting out </Li> <Li> Effervescence </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Dhara , S. ( 2007 ) . `` Formation , Dynamics , and Characterization of Nanostructures by Ion Beam Irradiation '' . Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences . 32 ( 1 ) : 1 -- 50 . Bibcode : 2007CRSSM ... 32 ... 1D . doi : 10.1080 / 10408430601187624 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ A.D. Adler ; F.R. Longo ; J.D. Finarelli ; J. Goldmacher ; J. Assour ; L. Korsakoff ( 1967 ) . `` A simplified synthesis for meso - tetraphenylporphine '' . J. Org . Chem. 32 ( 2 ) : 476 -- 476 . doi : 10.1021 / jo01288a053 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Alan D. Adler ; Frederick R. Longo ; Frank Kampas ; Jean Kim ( 1970 ) . `` On the preparation of metalloporphyrins '' . Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry . 32 ( 7 ) : 2443 . doi : 10.1016 / 0022 - 1902 ( 70 ) 80535 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dupont , J. , Consorti , C. , Suarez , P. , de Souza , R. ( 2004 ) . `` Preparation of 1 - Butyl - 3 - methyl imidazolium - based Room Temperature Ionic Liquids '' . Organic Syntheses . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) ; Collective Volume , 10 , p. 184 </Li> </Ol> <H2> Further reading ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Zumdahl , Steven S. ( 2005 ) . Chemical Principles ( 5th ed . ) . New York : Houghton Mifflin . ISBN 0 - 618 - 37206 - 7 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solid precipitation . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Precipitation reactions of certain cations </Li> <Li> Digestion Instruments </Li> <Li> A Thesis on pattern formation in precipitation reactions </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> NDL : 00573050 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Precipitation_(chemistry)&oldid=832430207 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Liquid - solid separation </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles lacking focus from August 2017 </Li> <Li> All Wikipedia articles lacking focus </Li> <Li> Articles needing additional references from February 2008 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Articles with multiple maintenance issues </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk

A precipitate forms in a chemical reaction

When does precipitate form in a chemical reaction?

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having won renown for his effective leadership in Iraq , is sent to Afghanistan to prepare an assessment so that the government can end the ongoing war . He is given wide latitudes to write it , on the sole condition that he not request more troops . McMahon and his staff , particularly his right hand man Major General Greg Pulver ( Anthony Michael Hall ) , are united in their belief that the war can be won , and decide to recommend that President Obama authorize a surge of 40,000 additional troops to secure Helmand province in order to stabilize the country . However , the Secretary of State ( Sian Thomas ) informs McMahon that his report will not be reviewed until after the upcoming presidential election . </P> <P> Captain Badi Basim ( Aymen Hamdouchi ) , a member of the Afghan National Army , joins McMahon 's staff as a `` representative '' of the Afghan people . He arrives , however , in civilian clothes as he would rather not wear his uniform , which he has in a bag , outside the compound near his home as he walked . Meanwhile , McMahon is informed that , due to alleged irregularities in the counting of votes , a runoff election will have to be held , delaying the review of the assessment further . Fed up , McMahon secretly leaks the assessment to the Washington Post and organizes an interview with 60 Minutes , during which he reveals that , in the last seventy days , he has only been granted one meeting with the President . In response , the government announces that they will send 30,000 troops to Afghanistan , and that all U.S. and coalition forces in the country will leave in 18 months . To gather the remaining 10,000 troops needed for his strategy to work , McMahon and his men head to Paris to negotiate with the other coalition nations . </P> <P> In Paris , McMahon learns that the President is passing through , and wishes to meet with him . The ambassador to Afghanistan ( Alan Ruck ) warns McMahon that he needs to understand his position : if he continues to anger the President , he will be fired for insubordination . The President , however , merely shakes his hand as he climbs aboard Air Force One due to time constraints , and McMahon and his staff attend a dinner in McMahon 's honor , accompanied by Rolling Stone writer Sean Cullen ( Scoot McNairy ) , who intends to write a feature story about his performance for an upcoming issue . The next day , during their anniversary dinner , McMahon 's wife Jeanie confronts him about how much time he 's spending fighting abroad instead of being with his family back home . </P> <P> While on route to Berlin with McMahon 's staff to continue negotiations , Cullen observes their behavior and concludes that they are arrogant and seem to care little about the growing public perception that the war is costly and wasteful . At a conference to discuss his strategy , McMahon is confronted by a German official ( Tilda Swinton ) who is skeptical of his approach and suggests that McMahon 's plans would only lead to more losses . Nevertheless , both the Germans and the French agree to furnish the troops needed for his planned offensive , codenamed `` Operation Moshtarak '' , to begin , with Afghan President Hamid Karzai 's ( Ben Kingsley ) approval . </P> <P> The operation launches , but soon runs into trouble when several civilians are accidentally killed against McMahon 's instructions . When he holds a public meeting to explain the incident , the crowd grows hostile and demands that he and his troops leave . Worse , McMahon learns that Cullen 's article has been published , and paints a negative picture of him and his staff as openly speaking against the President and mishandling the war effort . Knowing that he will be fired for his actions , McMahon returns to Washington and later takes a job as a civilian consultant . </P> <P> In the aftermath , Cullen ponders the consequences of his article , noting that he wished the fall of McMahon would finally convince the government to stop invading foreign countries and end the war in Afghanistan . Instead , however , the government simply assigns a new general to replace McMahon : General Bob White ( Russell Crowe ) . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <P> McMahon 's Entourage </P> <Ul> <Li> Brad Pitt as General Glen McMahon , a character based on General Stanley McChrystal . He is portrayed as an accomplished general with degrees from West Point and Yale brought in to bring a resolution to the conflict in Afghanistan . </Li> <Li> Anthony Hayes as Lieutenant Commander Pete Duckman , a Navy SEAL and member of McMahon 's staff , possibly based on Navy SEAL David Silverman . </Li> <Li> Emory Cohen as Sgt . Willy Dunne , General McMahon 's body man . </Li> <Li> RJ Cyler as USAF Tech Sgt . Andy Moon , information technology support assistant . </Li> <Li> Daniel Betts as USN Rear Admiral Simon Ball , McMahon 's Senior Public Affairs Officer . </Li> <Li> Topher Grace as Matt Little , a former lobbyist turned McMahon 's civilian media adviser . </Li> <Li> Anthony Michael Hall as Major General Greg Pulver , ISAF Director of Intelligence , loosely based on Lt. General Michael Flynn . </Li> <Li> John Magaro as Colonel Cory Staggart , an Army Ranger and General McMahon 's executive officer . </Li> <Li> Aymen Hamdouchi as Captain Badi Basim , a scholarly Afghan National Army officer who becomes General McMahon 's aide - de-camp . </Li> <Li> Scoot McNairy as Sean Cullen , a cynical journalist for Rolling Stone who accompanies McMahon and his staff and acts as narrator throughout the film , loosely based on author Michael Hastings . </Li> <Li> Meg Tilly as Jeanie McMahon , McMahon 's wife . </Li> </Ul> <P> U.S. Diplomats </P> <Ul> <Li> Sian Thomas as United States Secretary of State Edith May , based on Hillary Rodham Clinton </Li> <Li> Alan Ruck as Pat McKinnon , United States Ambassador to Afghanistan , loosely based on Karl Eikenberry . </Li> <Li> Nicholas Jones as Dick Waddle , loosely based on Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan Richard Holbrooke . </Li> <Li> Griffin Dunne as Ray Canucci , a United States Department of State senior official . </Li> </Ul> <P> Politicians </P> <Ul> <Li> Ben Kingsley as President Hamid Karzai </Li> <Li> Reggie Brown as President Barack Obama </Li> <Li> Tilda Swinton as a German politician </Li> </Ul> <P> Combat Marines </P> <Ul> <Li> Will Poulter as Sgt . Ricky Ortega , a Marine Corps infantry squad leader . </Li> <Li> Lakeith Stanfield as Cpl . Billy Cole , a disillusioned Marine and member of Ortega 's squad . </Li> <Li> Josh Stewart as Captain Dick North , a Marine Corps officer . </Li> </Ul> <P> Other </P> <Ul> <Li> Rufus Wright as British Army Lt. Col. Frank Groom </Li> <Li> Georgina Rylance as Lydia Cunningham , 60 Minutes journalist . </Li> <Li> Russell Crowe as General Bob White ( uncredited ) , General Glen McMahon 's replacement similar to David Petraeus . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> On April 27 , 2012 , it was announced that New Regency and Plan B Entertainment had acquired the film adaptation rights to the 2011 best seller non-fiction book The Operators by Michael Hastings . On April 14 , 2014 , David Michôd was hired to write and direct the film based on the war in Afghanistan . Brad Pitt was attached to star as General Stanley McChrystal and produce the film along with his Plan B partners Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner , while the film would be financed by New Regency and RatPac Entertainment . </P> <P> On June 8 , 2015 , Netflix acquired the distribution rights to the film which was re-titled War Machine , while Ian Bryce also came on board to produce the film along with others . On June 17 , The Hollywood Reporter revealed that there had been a budget issue between New Regency and RatPac with producers of Plan B , and thus Netflix had stepped in to buy the distribution rights for $60 million . </P> <P> On August 4 , 2015 , Emory Cohen was cast in the film to play a member of Gen. McChrystal 's staff . On August 10 , 2015 , Topher Grace joined the film to play Gen. Stanley McChrystal 's civilian press adviser . On August 11 , 2015 , John Magaro signed on to play Cory Burger , a special ops soldier and close advisor to General McMahon . On August 14 , 2015 , Scoot McNairy joined the cast of the film . On August 19 , 2015 , Anthony Michael Hall was added to the cast to play General Hank Pulver , loosely based on General Mike Flynn . On August 20 , 2015 , Keith Stanfield signed on to the film . The same day , Will Poulter also joined the cast for an unspecified role . On August 25 , Anthony Hayes joined the film . On October 23 , 2015 , TheWrap revealed that RJ Cyler had also joined the film . Alan Ruck was spotted filming . Meg Tilly was also spotted but her casting was not then officially confirmed . It was later reported Ben Kingsley and Tilda Swinton had been cast . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> Principal photography on the film began in mid-October 2015 in London . Later on October 19 , filming began in Abu Dhabi , the city was transformed into Kabul , streets into a military fortress , an old building as an American Embassy in Kabul , and a street as a Palestinian border crossing . Filming also took place at the Abu Dhabi International Airport in November . Some scenes were also filmed at the Dunsfold Aerodrome in Surrey , England . In mid-November 2015 , while final scenes were being shot , actors were spotted filming in Ras al - Khaimah and the city 's old neighborhood was transformed into Pakistani villages and a military base - camp . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film was released on Netflix on May 26 , 2017 . </P> <H3> Marketing ( edit ) </H3> <P> Brad Pitt visited Mumbai to promote the film and attended a special screening at PVR High Street Phoenix on May 24 , 2017 . He also met Indian superstar Shah Rukh Khan to promote War Machine . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 54 % based on 73 reviews , and an average rating of 5.8 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` War Machine 's uneven execution keeps its fact - based story from cleanly hitting its targets , but those flaws are frequently offset by sharp wit and solid acting . '' On Metacritic , which assigns a normalized rating , the film has a 56 out of 100 score , based on 30 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : McClintock , Pamela ( June 17 , 2015 ) . `` Whoa : Netflix Actually Paid $60 M for Brad Pitt 's Politically Charged Military Satire '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved October 22 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McGinley , Michael ( May 3 , 2017 ) . `` Brad Pitt Talks Divorce , Quitting Drinking , and Becoming a Better Man '' . GQ . Retrieved May 6 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Brad Pitt prepares for battle in shahid's.com ' War Machine

In the movie War Machine, Brad Pitt's wife is played by

Actress who plays brad pitts wife in war machine?

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First Family of the United States - wikipedia <H1> First Family of the United States </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the U.S. First Family . For other uses , see First Family . The current U.S. First Family pictured during President Trump 's inauguration : Donald , Melania , Donald Jr. , Barron , Ivanka , Eric , and Tiffany Trump , with Chief Justice John Roberts administering the oath of office <P> The First Family of the United States ( FFOTUS ) is the official title for the family of the President of the United States , who is both head of state and head of government of the United States . Members of the First Family consist of the President , the First Lady of the United States , and any of their children . However , other close relatives of the President and First Lady , such as parents , grandchildren , stepchildren , and in - laws , may be classified as members of the First Family if they reside in the Executive Residence of the White House Complex . </P> <P> In the United States , the term `` First Family '' in casual reference to the President 's immediate family , is most often used by the media and in particular , the White House press corps . Individually , each member of the First Family is designated a Secret Service codename by the United States Secret Service . Used by special agents , these code names uniquely identify members of the First Family for their ongoing protection as well as for the sake of brevity , clarity , and tradition . </P> <H2> List ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Administration </Th> <Th> Years </Th> <Th> President and First Lady Children and family </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Trump </Td> <Td> January 20 , 2017 -- present </Td> <Td> Donald and Melania Trump Donald Jr. , Ivanka , Eric , Tiffany , and Barron </Td> <Td> Donald Jr. , Ivanka and Eric are the President 's children from his first marriage to Ivana Trump , while Tiffany is his daughter from his second marriage to Marla Maples and Barron is his son from his third marriage to Melania Trump . Barron is the first Presidential son to live at the White House since John F. Kennedy Jr. in 1963 ; however from January to June 2017 he remained with his mother at Trump Tower so he could complete his school year at Manhattan 's Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School . Melania Trump is the second First Lady to be foreign - born after Louisa Adams and the first to be a naturalized citizen . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Obama </Td> <Td> January 20 , 2009 -- January 20 , 2017 </Td> <Td> Barack and Michelle Obama Malia and Sasha </Td> <Td> Marian Shields Robinson , mother to the First Lady and mother - in - law to the President , lived with the First Family in the Executive Residence at the White House Complex . They were the first African American family to live in the White House . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> G.W. Bush </Td> <Td> January 20 , 2001 -- January 20 , 2009 </Td> <Td> George W. and Laura Bush Barbara and Jenna </Td> <Td> Barbara and Jenna , fraternal twins , were also the nation 's First Granddaughters , from January 20 , 1989 to January 20 , 1993 . Barbara and Jenna were seven years old at the time of George H.W. Bush , their grandfather 's , inauguration and eleven years old when he left office . The twins were both First Daughters of Texas from 1995 , when they were thirteen , to 2001 , when they were nineteen . Barbara and Jenna did not live in the White house , as both attended college while their father was the President . Jenna married Henry Chase Hager at the Prairie Chapel Ranch in Crawford , Texas on May 10 , 2008 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Clinton </Td> <Td> January 20 , 1993 -- January 20 , 2001 </Td> <Td> Bill and Hillary Clinton and Chelsea </Td> <Td> The President and First Lady 's daughter Chelsea was born a First Daughter of Arkansas . Until she left the White House in 2001 , the two - year period between her father 's first and second terms as the Governor of Arkansas would be the only time when she did not have an unofficial title . Beginning on January 3 , 2001 , Hillary Rodham Clinton was both a United States Senator for the state of New York while simultaneously carrying out her formal duties as First Lady , a title which she lost 17 days later on January 20 , 2001 when President Clinton 's term in office expired . Hillary was also the first woman to be nominated by a major U.S. political party in the presidential election . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> G.H.W. Bush </Td> <Td> January 20 , 1989 -- January 20 , 1993 </Td> <Td> George and Barbara Bush George W. , Jeb , Neil , Marvin , and Dorothy </Td> <Td> The President and First Lady 's eldest daughter , Robin , died of leukemia in 1953 . Arguably , other members of the First Family included , First Mother / Grandmother , Dorothy Wear Walker Bush ( died in 1992 ) , First Grandsons George , Jebby , Pierce , and Samuel LeBlond ; and First Granddaughters Barbara , Jenna , Noelle , Lauren , Ashley , and Ellie LeBlond </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Reagan </Td> <Td> January 20 , 1981 -- January 20 , 1989 </Td> <Td> Ronald and Nancy Reagan Maureen , Michael , Patti , and Ron </Td> <Td> Maureen and Michael were two of the President 's children from his first marriage to Hollywood actress Jane Wyman while Patti and Ron were the President 's two youngest children from his second marriage to Nancy Reagan . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Carter </Td> <Td> January 20 , 1977 -- January 20 , 1981 </Td> <Td> Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter John , James Earl Carter III , Donnel , and Amy </Td> <Td> The President and First Lady 's three sons John , James , and Donnel were all grown adults when the First Family moved into the Executive Residence in 1977 . Their daughter Amy was the first true child to live in the White House since the Kennedy children lived there between 1961 and 1963 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ford </Td> <Td> August 9 , 1974 -- January 20 , 1977 </Td> <Td> Gerald and Betty Ford Susan , Michael , Jack , and Steven </Td> <Td> The President and First Lady 's daughter Susan was a teenage high school student during her time in the White House . Their three sons Michael , Jack , and Steven were all grown adults when the First Family moved into the Executive Residence in 1974 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Nixon </Td> <Td> January 20 , 1969 -- August 9 , 1974 </Td> <Td> Richard and Pat Nixon Tricia and Julie </Td> <Td> One of the most thrilling occurrences during the President 's administration was the marriage of his daughter Tricia to Edward Cox , who were wed in a fairytale ceremony in the Rose Garden of the White House on June 12 , 1971 . The President and First Lady 's other daughter , Julie Nixon Eisenhower , married David Eisenhower , a grandson of Dwight D. Eisenhower . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> L.B. Johnson </Td> <Td> November 22 , 1963 -- January 20 , 1969 </Td> <Td> Lyndon and Lady Bird Johnson Lynda Bird , and Luci </Td> <Td> The President and First Lady 's oldest daughter Lynda married Charles S. Robb , a former Governor of Virginia and two - term senator from the Commonwealth of Virginia , in the East Room at the White House on December 9 , 1967 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kennedy </Td> <Td> January 20 , 1961 -- November 22 , 1963 </Td> <Td> John and Jacqueline Kennedy Caroline , John Jr. , and Patrick </Td> <Td> The President and First Lady 's first - born daughter , Arabella , was delivered as a stillborn in 1956 . The First Lady gave birth prematurely to a second son , Patrick Bouvier Kennedy , on August 7 , 1963 . The child died two days later due to hyaline membrane disease . In 1999 , John Jr. died in a plane crash , leaving his sister Caroline as the only surviving child of the President and First Lady . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Eisenhower </Td> <Td> January 20 , 1953 -- January 20 , 1961 </Td> <Td> Dwight and Mamie Eisenhower and John </Td> <Td> President and Mrs. Eisenhower posed for this portrait on their 39th wedding anniversary at their farm in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania . The President and First Lady 's eldest son , Doud , died of scarlet fever in 1921 . The President 's only surviving son , John Eisenhower served various roles as an Assistant Staff Secretary in the West Wing , on the Army 's General Staff , and in the White House as assistant to General Andrew Goodpaster . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Truman </Td> <Td> April 12 , 1945 -- January 20 , 1953 </Td> <Td> Harry and Bess Truman and Margaret </Td> <Td> Between the years 1948 and 1952 , the First Family resided at Blair House , the official guest quarters of foreign heads of state and government located near Lafayette Park , while the White House underwent a complete interior restoration . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> F.D. Roosevelt </Td> <Td> March 4 , 1933 -- April 12 , 1945 </Td> <Td> Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Anna , James , Elliott , Franklin Jr. , and John </Td> <Td> In 1937 , the President 's oldest son James moved into the Executive Residence and served as an advisor and private secretary in the West Wing . At the President 's request , his daughter Anna moved into the Executive Residence in 1944 to serve as an assistant to the President and as White House hostess during the First Lady 's frequent absences . A fifth son , Franklin Delano Roosevelt , Jr . ( III ) , was born on March 18 , 1909 and died approximately eight months later on November 7 , 1909 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hoover </Td> <Td> March 4 , 1929 -- March 4 , 1933 </Td> <Td> Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover Herbert Jr. , and Allan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Coolidge </Td> <Td> August 2 , 1923 -- March 4 , 1929 </Td> <Td> Calvin and Grace Coolidge John and Calvin Jr . </Td> <Td> The President and First Lady 's younger son , Calvin Jr. , died during the President 's 1924 election campaign . Their son John who lived until 2000 , married the daughter of Connecticut governor John H. Trumbull . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Harding </Td> <Td> March 4 , 1921 -- August 2 , 1923 </Td> <Td> Warren and Florence Harding </Td> <Td> The President never had children with his wife but had an illegitimate daughter , Elizabeth Ann Blaesing , with another woman , Nan Britton . In a previous marriage , the First Lady had a son named Marshall Eugene DeWolfe who died from complications of alcoholism and tuberculosis on January 1 , 1915 , at the age of 34 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wilson </Td> <Td> March 4 , 1913 -- March 4 , 1921 </Td> <Td> Woodrow Wilson and Ellen Wilson ( d. 1914 ) , Edith Wilson ( m. 1915 ) Margaret , Jessie , and Eleanor </Td> <Td> On November 25 , 1913 , the second oldest daughter

The President and his family live in

Where does the president and his family live?

-5682352906951331542

Cornell notes - wikipedia <H1> Cornell notes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Cornell Notes system ( also Cornell note - taking system , Cornell method , or Cornell way ) is a note - taking system devised in the 1940s by Walter Pauk , an education professor at Cornell University . Pauk advocated its use in his best - selling book How to Study in College . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview of method </Li> <Li> 2 Studies on effectiveness </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview of method ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Cornell method provides a systematic format for condensing and organizing notes . The student divides the paper into two columns : the note - taking column ( usually on the right ) is twice the size of the questions / key word column ( on the left ) . The student should leave five to seven lines , or about two in ( 5 cm ) , at the bottom of the page . </P> <P> Notes from a lecture or teaching are written in the note - taking column ; notes usually consist of the main ideas of the text or lecture , and long ideas are paraphrased . Long sentences are avoided ; symbols or abbreviations are used instead . To assist with future reviews , relevant questions ( which should be recorded as soon as possible so that the lecture and questions will be fresh in the student 's mind ) or key words are written in the key word column . These notes can be taken from any source of information , such as fiction books , DVDs , lectures , text books , etc . </P> <P> Within 24 hours of taking the notes , the student must revise and write questions and then write a brief summary in the bottom five to seven lines of the page . This helps to increase understanding of the topic . When studying for either a test or quiz , the student has a concise but detailed and relevant record of previous classes . </P> <P> When reviewing the material , the student can cover the note - taking ( right ) column while attempting to answer the questions / keywords in the key word or cue ( left ) column . The student is encouraged to reflect on the material and review the notes regularly . </P> <H2> Studies on effectiveness ( edit ) </H2> <P> A study published in 2010 by Wichita State University compared two note taking methods in a secondary English classroom , and found that Cornell Note taking may be of added benefit in cases where students are required to synthesize and apply learned knowledge , while the guided notes method appeared to be better for basic recall . </P> <P> Cornell format is one of the most frequently suggested note taking format by university websites for student support . However , Cornell notes might be less effective than taking regular notes for certain subjects . </P> <P> Another study published in the summer of 2013 found that `` Students who were taught CN ( Cornell notes ) did take better notes than those who were not , but they did not have higher achievement results . '' The study also stated that `` Through analysis of assessment scores , I found no significant difference between the intervention and base classes on achievement . '' </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Note - taking </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Herr , Norman ; Joens , Ross J.Q. ( 2008 ) ( 1962 ) , The Sourcebook for Teaching Science , Grades 6 - 12 : Strategies , Activities , and Instructional Resources ( 10 ed . ) , Cengage Learning , ISBN 978 - 1 - 4390 - 8446 - 5 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` How to take notes as a law student - Becoming A Lawyer '' . Becoming A Lawyer. 2017 - 01 - 06 . Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 18 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Wong , Linda ( 2014 - 01 - 01 ) . Essential Study Skills ( 8 ed . ) . Cengage Learning . p. 288 . ISBN 1285430093 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jacobs , Keil . A Comparison of Two Note Taking Methods in a Secondary English Classroom Proceedings : 4th Annual Symposium : Graduate Research and Scholarly Projects ( 79 ) Conference proceedings held at the Eugene Hughes Metropolitan Complex , Wichita State University , April 25 , 2008 . Symposium Chair : David M. Eichhorn </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://hilt.harvard.edu/files/hilt/files/notetaking_0.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` How to take notes as a law student - Becoming A Lawyer '' . Becoming A Lawyer. 2017 - 01 - 06 . Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 18 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Broe , Duane ( Summer 2013 ) . `` The Effects of Teaching Cornell Notes on Student Achievement '' ( PDF ) . http://www.minotstateu.edu/# . Retrieved 2017 - 05 - 12 . External link in website = ( help ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikibooks has a book on the topic of : Note Taking </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Explanation of the Cornell note - taking system by Cornell </Li> <Li> Generate custom PDF Cornell Notetaking pages </Li> <Li> Mac . Pages Template </Li> <Li> pdf template file to print </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cornell_Notes&oldid=816023818 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Note - taking </Li> <Li> Cornell University </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> CS1 errors : external links </Li> <Li> Articles needing additional references from February 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> Magyar </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 18 December 2017 , at 19 : 21 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The Cornell Method of note taking was invented by

Who invented the cornell method of note taking?

-1738218384036165752

Young and Beautiful ( Lana Del Rey song ) - wikipedia <H1> Young and Beautiful ( Lana Del Rey song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Young and Beautiful '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Lana Del Rey </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album The Great Gatsby : Music from Baz Luhrmann 's Film </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 23 , 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> Digital download </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Interscope </Li> <Li> Polydor </Li> <Li> Water Tower </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lana Del Rey </Li> <Li> Rick Nowels </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rick Nowels , Al Shux ( original version ) Dan Heath ( DH orchestral version ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Lana Del Rey singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Dark Paradise '' ( 2013 ) </Td> <Td> `` Young and Beautiful '' ( 2013 ) </Td> <Td> `` Summertime Sadness ( Remix ) '' ( 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Dark Paradise '' ( 2013 ) </Td> <Td> `` Young and Beautiful '' ( 2013 ) </Td> <Td> `` Summertime Sadness ( Remix ) '' ( 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` Young and Beautiful '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Young and Beautiful '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey used for the soundtrack to the drama film The Great Gatsby ( 2013 ) . It was released on April 23 , 2013 through Interscope Records as the lead single from the soundtrack . `` Young and Beautiful '' was written by Del Rey and Rick Nowels , who also produced the song . The music video features an orchestral version of the song , produced by Dan Heath , which is included on the deluxe edition of the soundtrack . </P> <P> Contemporary music critics lauded the single , calling it `` haunting '' and `` somber '' . Lyrically , `` Young and Beautiful '' follows a young lover 's apprehension about whether love can last . A music video , directed by Chris Sweeney and filmed by Sophie Muller , was released on May 10 , 2013 . The song was used in commercials to promote the new season of the MTV reality show Catfish . </P> <P> `` Young and Beautiful '' reached the top ten in Australia where it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . In May 2013 , the song broke into the Billboard Hot 100 ; it peaked at 22 on the chart , making it Del Rey 's highest peak since `` Video Games '' peaked at 91 in 2012 . Shortly after , the song also peaked at 3 on the Hot Rock Songs chart . </P> <P> Del Rey and Nowels received accolades for their songwriting from various music and film awards , including nominations for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards , and Best Song at the 19th Critics ' Choice Awards . They eventually won the Best Original Song at the 18th Satellite Awards . On January 26 , 2014 , `` Young and Beautiful '' was announced as number 7 on the annual Triple J 's Hottest 100 in Australia . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Composition </Li> <Li> 3 Music video </Li> <Li> 4 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 5 Commercial performance </Li> <Li> 6 Personnel </Li> <Li> 7 Cedric Gervais remix </Li> <Li> 8 Charts and certifications <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Weekly charts <Ul> <Li> 8.1. 1 Original version </Li> <Li> 8.1. 2 Cedric Gervais Remix </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 8.3 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Release history </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Working with the film 's director , co-writer , and co-producer Baz Luhrmann , Del Rey penned the original song `` Young and Beautiful '' for the soundtrack of the 2013 film adaptation of the novel The Great Gatsby , written from the perspective of Daisy Buchanan . </P> <P> In an interview with Catalunya Ràdio ; Del Rey said she had three new songs for her third extended play , Paradise : `` I Sing the Body Electric '' , `` In the Land of Gods and Monsters '' and `` Will You Still Love Me When I 'm No Longer Young and Beautiful . '' Del Rey sang the chorus of `` Young and Beautiful '' during the Catalunya Ràdio broadcast . </P> <P> Baz Luhrmann later gave an interview which contained a Skype chat with Del Rey , where Luhrmann said `` we are very lucky that the song found a film '' , implying the song had already been penned prior to the film . </P> <P> Luhrmann changed some of the lyrics in the beginning of the second verse from the demo version of `` Will You Still Love Me '' to fit with the film . It clearly was always intended for Paradise , which did get picked up by various media . </P> <P> The song was released to contemporary hit radio as a single and was used as the film 's kickoff single . A snippet of the track appeared in the official trailer for the film and played during the scene where the characters portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio and Carey Mulligan express their romantic feelings for one another . </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Young and Beautiful '' In this 30 second sample of the ballad , `` Young and Beautiful '' , the lyrics , `` Will you still love me when I 'm no longer young and beautiful ? '' that embody the refrain can be heard . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> With the lyrics `` Will you still love me when I 'm no longer young and beautiful ? '' , Del Rey adds a hint of desperation which parallels the idiosyncrasies faced by the characters in F. Scott Fitzgerald 's classic novel The Great Gatsby . Del Rey 's dreamy vocals are draped over sedated strings and canned percussion . The soft and dreary vocals , falling in line with Del Rey 's retro affectation , fits the atmosphere of the 1920s when the novel is set . The lyrics rotate around the themes of pleasing a lover , nostalgia , and the gloom of aging . The Cedric Gervais remix of the song was released on October 11 , 2013 . </P> <H2> Music Video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for `` Young and Beautiful '' was set to be released on April 22 , 2013 , but was officially released on 10 May 2013 . Directed by Chris Sweeney , the video 's production was helmed by Adam Smith and Jacob Swan - Hyam , with Sophie Muller shooting the footage . Flanked by a full - string orchestra , Del Rey sings Dan Heath 's Orchestral version of her song in 1920s art deco fashion . She is shown singing the song in a dark room with glittery diamond - tears on her cheek which look like tattoos . Jason Lipshutz of Billboard magazine described the video as `` somber '' and the singer 's look as `` especially demure '' . Lipshutz concluded that `` the clip ends without ever reaching any kind of conclusion -- much like the rhetorical question ' Will you still love me when I 'm no longer young and beautiful ? ' at the heart of the song . '' Spin 's Marc Hogan described it as `` elegantly conceived , but succeed ( s ) only as much as the music does '' . </P> <P> An edit of the video set to the Cedric Gervais remix was published on 27 September 2013 . </P> <H2> Critical reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song was met with widespread acclaim from critics . Hip hop magazine Rap - Up called the single `` haunting '' , while MTV called it `` somber - sounding '' . Jason Lipshutz of Billboard called the ballad , `` typically lush '' , paralleling the single with Del Rey 's previous hits , `` Video Games '' and `` Born to Die '' . Canadian journal National Post said `` Young and Beautiful '' picks up where `` Video Games '' left off , stating the song was relevant to the book because of `` ... its obsession with decay and the fleeting nature of the good life certainly resonate . '' The journal continued to call it an `` artifact '' of Del Rey 's consistently dark tone , adding that by the second play - through `` its bald directness becomes its appeal . '' MTV commented that the track `` falls very much in - line with what Lana Del Rey 's fans have come to expect '' from Del Rey . Jeff Benjamin of Fuse said the track featured `` a big , sweeping ballad with piano , violins and Lana 's warbly delivery . '' He added that `` if the single takes off , perhaps the songbird can finally scrub her image clean of that ' Girl that totally f - cked ( sic ) up her Saturday Night Live debut ' tag . '' Rolling Stone 's Jody Rosen recognized `` Young and Beautiful '' as the album 's centerpiece , calling it `` inert '' and `` a drag '' despite its symmetry with the album 's entire theme . Finding the track restrained in comparison to her earlier work , August Brown , writing for The Los Angeles Times , called the single `` clean '' and `` classy '' . `` Young and Beautiful '' was given a positive review by Stereogum 's Tom Breihan , although he disapproved of the vapidity of the line : `` make me wan na party '' . </P> <P> The song was nominated for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards . </P> <H2> Commercial performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> Debuting at number 89 on the United States ' Billboard Hot 100 , `` Young and Beautiful '' became Del Rey 's second highest mark on that chart since her breakthrough single `` Video Games '' charted at 91 in 2012 . With 48,000 units in first - week sales , the song also entered the Hot Digital Songs chart at 36 . In its third week on the chart , the song rose to number 19 . In June , `` Young And Beautiful '' peaked at number 3 with 121,000 units sold , becoming her first top ten on that chart . Since its release , the song has sold over a million copies in the United States . </P> <P> The single was sampled by Flo Rida 's artist iRome on his Radio hit `` Homicide '' where Del Rey 's vocals are heard throughout the song . `` Young And Beautiful '' became one of her best - selling singles in the United States , nearly on par with `` Video Games '' , which is certified for 500,000 download and streaming units . Later that year , `` Young and Beautiful '' was nominated for Best Original Song at the World Soundtrack Awards 2013 . It won the Best Original Song at the 18th Satellite Awards . </P> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <P> Credits adapted from

The song "Will You Still Love Me When I'm No Longer Young and Beautiful" is sung by

Who sings will you still love me when i'm not young and beautiful?

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World War II - wikipedia <H1> World War II </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` The Second World War '' , `` WWII '' , and `` WW2 '' redirect here . For other uses , see The Second World War ( disambiguation ) and WWII ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> World War II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ( clockwise from top left ) <Ul> <Li> Chinese forces in the Battle of Wanjialing </Li> <Li> Australian 25 - pounder guns during the First Battle of El Alamein </Li> <Li> German Stuka dive bombers on the Eastern Front in December 1943 </Li> <Li> American naval force in the Lingayen Gulf </Li> <Li> Wilhelm Keitel signing the German Instrument of Surrender </Li> <Li> Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 1 September 1939 -- 2 September 1945 ( 1939 - 09 - 01 -- 1945 - 09 - 02 ) ( 7003219300000000000 ♠ 6 years and 1 day ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Europe , Pacific , Atlantic , South - East Asia , China , Middle East , Mediterranean , North Africa and Horn of Africa , briefly North and South America </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> <P> Allied victory </P> <Ul> <Li> Collapse of Nazi Germany </Li> <Li> Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires </Li> <Li> Dissolution of the League of Nations </Li> <Li> Creation of the United Nations </Li> <Li> Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers </Li> <Li> Beginning of the Cold War ( more ... ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Participants </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allied Powers </Td> <Td> Axis Powers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Main Allied leaders <Ul> <Li> Joseph Stalin </Li> <Li> Franklin D. Roosevelt </Li> <Li> Winston Churchill </Li> <Li> Chiang Kai - shek </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Main Axis leaders <Ul> <Li> Adolf Hitler </Li> <Li> Hirohito </Li> <Li> Benito Mussolini </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Military dead : Over 16,000,000 </Li> <Li> Civilian dead : Over 45,000,000 </Li> <Li> Total dead : Over 61,000,000 ( 1937 -- 45 ) </Li> </Ul> ... further details </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Military dead : Over 8,000,000 </Li> <Li> Civilian dead : Over 4,000,000 </Li> <Li> Total dead : Over 12,000,000 ( 1937 -- 45 ) </Li> </Ul> ... further details </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Campaigns of World War II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Europe <Dl> <Dd> Poland </Dd> <Dd> Phoney War </Dd> <Dd> Winter War </Dd> <Dd> Denmark & Norway </Dd> <Dd> France & Benelux </Dd> <Dd> Britain </Dd> <Dd> Balkans </Dd> <Dd> Eastern Front </Dd> <Dd> Finland </Dd> <Dd> Western Front ( 1944 -- 45 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Pacific War </P> <Dl> <Dd> China </Dd> <Dd> Pacific Ocean </Dd> <Dd> South - East Asia </Dd> <Dd> South West Pacific </Dd> <Dd> Japan </Dd> <Dd> Manchuria ( 1945 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Mediterranean and Middle East </P> <Dl> <Dd> North Africa </Dd> <Dd> Horn of Africa </Dd> <Dd> Mediterranean Sea </Dd> <Dd> Adriatic </Dd> <Dd> Malta </Dd> <Dd> Yugoslavia </Dd> <Dd> Iraq </Dd> <Dd> Syria -- Lebanon </Dd> <Dd> Iran </Dd> <Dd> Italy </Dd> <Dd> Dodecanese </Dd> <Dd> Southern France </Dd> </Dl> <P> Other campaigns </P> <Dl> <Dd> Atlantic </Dd> <Dd> Arctic </Dd> <Dd> Strategic bombing </Dd> <Dd> America </Dd> <Dd> French West Africa </Dd> <Dd> Madagascar </Dd> </Dl> <P> Contemporaneous wars </P> <Dl> <Dd> Chinese Civil War </Dd> <Dd> USSR -- Japan Border Wars </Dd> <Dd> French -- Thai </Dd> <Dd> Ecuadorian -- Peruvian War </Dd> <Dd> Ili Rebellion </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Events leading to World War II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Treaty of Versailles </Td> <Td> 1919 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Treaty of Trianon </Td> <Td> 1920 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Treaty of Rapallo </Td> <Td> 1920 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> March on Rome </Td> <Td> 1922 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Corfu incident </Td> <Td> 1923 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Occupation of the Ruhr </Td> <Td> 1923 -- 1925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pacification of Libya </Td> <Td> 1923 -- 1932 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dawes Plan </Td> <Td> 1924 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Locarno Treaties </Td> <Td> 1925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chinese Civil War </Td> <Td> 1927 -- 1936 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Young Plan </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Great Depression </Td> <Td> 1929 -- 1941 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Japanese invasion of Manchuria </Td> <Td> 1931 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nazis rise to power in Germany </Td> <Td> 1933 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Franco - Soviet - Czech Pact </Td> <Td> 1935 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Second Italo - Ethiopian War </Td> <Td> 1935 -- 36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Remilitarization of the Rhineland </Td> <Td> 1936 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spanish Civil War </Td> <Td> 1936 -- 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anti-Comintern Pact </Td> <Td> 1936 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Second Sino - Japanese War </Td> <Td> 1937 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anschluss </Td> <Td> Mar. 1938 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Munich crisis </Td> <Td> Sep. 1938 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> German occupation of Czechoslovakia </Td> <Td> Mar. 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> German ultimatum to Lithuania </Td> <Td> Mar. 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> British guarantee to Poland </Td> <Td> Mar. 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Invasion of Albania </Td> <Td> Apr. 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pact of Steel </Td> <Td> May 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact </Td> <Td> Aug. 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Battle of Britain </Td> <Td> May . 1940 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Invasion of the Soviet Union </Td> <Td> Jun. 1941 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Attack on Pearl Harbor </Td> <Td> Dec. 1941 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> World War II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alphabetical indices </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z </Li> <Li> 0 -- 9 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Navigation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Campaigns </Li> <Li> Countries </Li> <Li> Equipment </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Lists </Li> <Li> Outline </Li> <Li> Timeline </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Portal </Li> <Li> Category </Li> <Li> Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> World War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ) , also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world 's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of total war , the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources . </P> <P> World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 50 million to 85 million fatalities , most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China . It included massacres , the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , starvation , disease and the first use of nuclear weapons in history . </P> <P> The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1937 , but the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom . From late 1939 to early 1941 , in a series of campaigns and treaties , Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe , and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan . Under the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939 , Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours , Poland , Finland , Romania and the Baltic states . The war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the coalition of the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth , with campaigns including the North Africa and East Africa campaigns , the aerial Battle of Britain , the Blitz bombing campaign , and the Balkan Campaign , as well as the long - running Battle of the Atlantic . On 22 June 1941 , the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union , opening the largest land theatre of war in history , which trapped the major part of the Axis military forces into a war of attrition . In December 1941 , Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean , and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific . </P> <P> The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway , and Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and then , decisively , at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union . In 1943 , with a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front , the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy which brought about Italian surrender , and Allied victories in the Pacific , the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts . In 1944 , the Western Allies invaded German - occupied France , while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies . During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma , while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands . </P> <P> The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union , culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops , the suicide of Adolf Hitler and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945 . Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms , the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August respectively . With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent , the possibility of additional atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria , Japan formally surrendered on 2 September 1945 . Thus ended the war in Asia , cementing the total victory of the Allies . </P> <P> World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the world . The United Nations ( UN ) was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts . The victorious great powers -- China , France , the Soviet Union , the United Kingdom , and the United States -- became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers , setting the stage for the Cold War , which lasted for the next 46 years . Meanwhile , the influence of European great powers waned , while the decolonisation of Africa and Asia began . Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery . Political integration , especially in Europe , emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities and to create a common identity . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Chronology </Li> <Li> 2 Background <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Europe </Li> <Li> 2.2 Asia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Pre-war events <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Italian invasion of Ethiopia ( 1935 ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Spanish Civil War ( 1936 -- 39 )

World War 2 officially started and ended between 1 September 1939 and

When did world war 2 officially start and end?

-1892743779381029561

Mary had a Little lamb - wikipedia <H1> Mary had a Little lamb </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the nursery rhyme . For other uses , see Mary Had a Little Lamb ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Mary Had a Little Lamb '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Illustration by William Wallace Denslow </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Nursery rhyme </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Published </Th> <Td> May 24 , 1830 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Sarah Josepha Hale , John Roulstone </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Mary Had a Little Lamb '' is an English language nursery rhyme of nineteenth - century American origin . It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7622 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Text </Li> <Li> 3 Influence </Li> <Li> 4 Media </Li> <Li> 5 Uses of the music </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> The Redstone School ( 1798 ) , now in Sudbury , Massachusetts , is believed to be the schoolhouse mentioned in the nursery rhyme . <P> The nursery rhyme was first published by the Boston publishing firm Marsh , Capen & Lyon , as an poem by Sarah Josepha Hale on May 24 , 1830 , and was possibly inspired by an actual incident . </P> <P> There are competing theories on the origin and inspiration of this poem . One holds that John Roulstone wrote the first four lines and that the final twelve lines , less childlike than the first , were composed by Sarah Josepha Hale ; others claim that Hale was responsible for the entire poem . </P> <P> As a young girl , Mary Sawyer ( later Mary Tyler ) kept a pet lamb that she took to school one day at the suggestion of her brother . A commotion naturally ensued . Mary recalled : `` Visiting school that morning was a young man by the name of John Roulstone , a nephew of the Reverend Lemuel Capen , who was then settled in Sterling . It was the custom then for students to prepare for college with ministers , and for this purpose Roulstone was studying with his uncle . The young man was very much pleased with the incident of the lamb ; and the next day he rode across the fields on horseback to the little old schoolhouse and handed me a slip of paper which had written upon it the three original stanzas of the poem ... '' </P> <P> Mary Sawyer 's house , located in Sterling , Massachusetts , was destroyed by arson on August 12 , 2007 . A statue representing Mary 's Little Lamb stands in the town center . The Redstone School , which was built in 1798 , was purchased by Henry Ford and relocated to a churchyard on the property of Longfellow 's Wayside Inn in Sudbury , Massachusetts . </P> <H2> Text ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the 1830s , Lowell Mason set the nursery rhyme to a melody adding repetition in the verses , starting with `` Mary had a little lamb , little lamb , little lamb , Mary had a little lamb whose fleece was white as snow . </P> <H2> Influence ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> William Wallace Denslow 's illustrations for Mary had a little lamb , from a 1901 edition of Mother Goose <P> The rhyme was the first audio recorded by Thomas Edison on his newly invented phonograph in 1877 . It was the first instance of recorded verse . In 1927 , Edison reenacted the recording , which still survives . The earliest recording ( 1878 ) was retrieved by 3D imaging equipment in 2012 . </P> <P> Blues musicians Buddy Guy and Stevie Ray Vaughan both recorded the song : Guy composing his own bluesy version of the song for his album A Man and the Blues in 1968 and Vaughan covering Guy 's version in his 1983 debut album , Texas Flood , with both also infusing the first four lines of the nursery rhyme , `` A-Tisket , A-Tasket '' , into the song . In 1972 , Paul McCartney released a version of the song . Just as he had done with the 16th - century poem Golden Slumbers which was released on The Beatles ' Abbey Road LP in 1969 , he added his own melody to the lyrics . The single was a top 20 hit in Britain although both the choice for and the saccharine arrangement of `` Mary Had a Little Lamb '' did much to erode his standing with leading rock journalists . McCartney played the song during Wings ' 1972 summer tour and it was included in the Spring 1973 James Paul McCartney television special . It is commercially available on the 1993 CD issue of the Wings Wild Life LP . </P> <H2> Media ( edit ) </H2> <P> Note : This melody is the British version , which is slightly different from the American version . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mary Had a Little Lamb Male singing the first verses of `` Mary Had a Little Lamb '' . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Uses of the music ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The first Korean musical road , created using grooves cut into the ground and intended to help motorists stay alert and awake plays `` Mary Had a Little Lamb '' and took four days to construct . It can be found close to Anyang , Gyeonggi , South Korea . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Children 's literature portal </Li> </Ul> Find more aboutMary Had a Little Lambat Wikipedia 's sister projects <Ul> <Li> Definitions from Wiktionary </Li> <Li> Media from Wikimedia Commons </Li> <Li> News from Wikinews </Li> <Li> Quotations from Wikiquote </Li> <Li> Texts from Wikisource </Li> <Li> Textbooks from Wikibooks </Li> <Li> Learning resources from Wikiversity </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> List of nursery rhymes </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Full text of Poems for our children : including Mary had a little lamb : designed for families , Sabbath schools , and infant schools : written to inculcate moral truths and virtuous sentiments </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mary Had A Little Lamb . Song Facts </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Roulstone , John ; Mary ( Sawyer ) and her friends ( 1928 ) . The Story of Mary 's Little Lamb . Dearborn : Mr. & Mrs. Henry Ford . p. 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Sterling fire called arson '' . Worcester Telegram & Gazette News . August 14 , 2007 . Retrieved 2014 - 06 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bronze of lamb . The 2 - foot - tall statue and historical marker are on the town common in Sterling , Massachusetts . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` LOWELL MASON , `` Mary Lamb '' ( music ) in Juvenile Lyre , Or , Hymns and Songs , Religious , Moral , and Cheerful , Set to Appropriate Music , For the Use of Primary and Common Schools , Boston : Richardson , Lord & Holbrook ; Hartford , H. & F.J. Huntington , -- Richards `` . Forgotten Chapters of Boston 's Literary History . Retrieved 2014 - 06 - 14 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Matthew Rubery , ed. ( 2011 ) . `` Introduction '' . Audiobooks , Literature , and Sound Studies . Routledge . pp. 1 -- 21 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 415 - 88352 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thomas Edison ( 30 November 1926 ) . `` Mary had a little lamb '' -- via Internet Archive . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Grondahl , Paul ( 2012 - 10 - 26 ) . `` Hear the earliest known recording of voice , music '' . Timesunion.com . Retrieved 2014 - 06 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Mary Had a Little Lamb '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Choo , Joohee ; Lee , Rebecca ( 29 November 2007 ) . `` Singing Streets and Melody Roads '' . ABC News . Retrieved 8 May 2012 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Nursery rhymes ( list ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> `` A-Tisket , A-Tasket '' </Li> <Li> `` Baa , Baa , Black Sheep '' </Li> <Li> `` Did You Ever See a Lassie ? '' </Li> <Li> `` Hey Diddle Diddle '' </Li> <Li> `` Hickory Dickory Dock '' </Li> <Li> `` Hot Cross Buns '' </Li> <Li> `` Humpty Dumpty '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'm a Little Teapot '' </Li> <Li> `` It 's Raining , It 's Pouring '' </Li> <Li> `` Jack and Jill '' </Li> <Li> `` Little Bo Peep '' </Li> <Li> `` Little Boy Blue '' </Li> <Li> `` Little Jack Horner '' </Li> <Li> `` Little Miss Muffet '' </Li> <Li> `` Mary Had a Little Lamb '' </Li> <Li> `` Mary , Mary , Quite Contrary '' </Li> <Li> `` Old King Cole '' </Li> <Li> `` Old MacDonald Had a Farm '' </Li> <Li> `` Old Mother Hubbard '' </Li> <Li> `` Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe '' </Li> <Li> `` Peter Piper '' </Li> <Li> `` Polly Put the Kettle On '' </Li> <Li> `` Poor Mary '' </Li> <Li> `` Pop Goes the Weasel '' </Li> <Li> `` Pussy Cat Pussy Cat '' </Li> <Li> `` Rain Rain Go Away '' </Li> <Li> `` Roses Are Red '' </Li> <Li> `` Rub - a-dub - dub '' </Li> <Li> `` Simple Simon '' </Li> <Li> `` Sticks and Stones '' </Li> <Li> `` The Grand Old Duke of York '' </Li> <Li> `` The Queen of Hearts '' </Li> <Li> `` Twinkle , Twinkle , Little Star '' </Li> <Li> `` Two Little Dickie Birds '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Clapping </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` A Sailor Went to Sea '' </Li> <Li> `` Down Down Baby '' </Li> <Li> `` Mary Mack '' </Li> <Li> `` Miss Susie '' <Ul> <Li> `` Miss Lucy '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> `` Pat - a-cake '' </Li> <Li> `` Pretty Little Dutch Girl '' </Li> <Li> `` Pease Porridge Hot '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Counting </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Duck , duck , goose '' </Li> <Li> `` Eeny , meeny , miny , moe '' </Li> <Li> `` One , Two , Buckle My Shoe '' </Li> <Li> `` One , Two , Three , Four , Five '' </Li> <Li> `` This Old Man '' </Li> <Li> `` Tinker , Tailor '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Finger - plays </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Five Little Monkeys '' </Li> <Li> `` Five Little Ducks '' </Li> <Li> `` Five Little Speckled Frogs '' </Li> <Li> `` Itsy Bitsy Spider '' </Li> <Li> `` Little Robin Redbreast '' </Li> <Li> `` Round and Round the Garden '' </Li> <Li> `` This Little Piggy '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Games </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` London Bridge '' </Li> <Li> `` The Muffin Man '' </Li> <Li> `` Mulberry Bush '' </Li> <Li> `` Oranges and Lemons '' </Li> <Li> `` Ring a Ring o ' Roses '' </Li> <Li> `` The Farmer in the Dell '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr>

The song "Mary Had a Little Lamb" was written by

Who wrote the song mary had a little lamb?

-3453865467581075760

Modern history - Wikipedia <H1> Modern history </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For timelines of modern history , see Timelines of modern history . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Human history </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ↑ Prehistory </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Recorded history </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ancient </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Earliest records </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Africa </Li> <Li> Americas </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> East Asia </Li> <Li> South Asia </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Southeast Asia </Li> <Li> West Asia </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Mediterranean </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Postclassical </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Africa </Li> <Li> Americas </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Central Asia </Li> <Li> East Asia </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> South Asia </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Southeast Asia </Li> <Li> West Asia </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Europe </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Modern </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Early modern </Li> <Li> Late modern </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> See also </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Contemporary </Li> <Li> Modernity </Li> <Li> Futurology </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ↓ Future </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Modern history , the modern period or the modern era , is the global historiographical approach to the timeframe after post-classical history . Modern history can be further broken down into periods : </P> <Ul> <Li> The early modern period began approximately in the early 16th century ; notable historical milestones included the European Renaissance , the Age of Discovery , and the Protestant Reformation . </Li> <Li> The late modern period began approximately in the mid-18th century ; notable historical milestones included the French Revolution , the American Revolution , the Industrial Revolution and the Great Divergence . It took all of human history up to 1804 for the world 's population to reach 1 billion ; the next billion came just over a century later , in 1927 . </Li> <Li> Contemporary history is the span of historic events from approximately 1945 that are immediately relevant to the present time . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Study guide <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Source text </Li> <Li> 1.2 Terminology and usage <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Pre-modern </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 Modern </Li> <Li> 1.2. 3 Contemporary </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Modern era <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Significant developments <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Early </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Late </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Early modern period <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Asia <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 China </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 Japan </Li> <Li> 3.1. 3 India <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 3.1 British and Dutch colonization </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Europe <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Tsardom of Russia </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Reason and Enlightenment </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 Scientific Revolution </Li> <Li> 3.2. 4 The French Revolutions <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 4.1 National and Legislative Assembly </Li> <Li> 3.2. 4.2 The Directory and Napoleonic Era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2. 5 Italian unification </Li> <Li> 3.2. 6 End of the early modern period </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 North America <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Decolonization of North and South Americas </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Late modern period <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Timeline </Li> <Li> 4.2 Industrial revolutions <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 Industrialization </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 Revolution in manufacture and power </Li> <Li> 4.2. 3 Notable engineers </Li> <Li> 4.2. 4 Social effects and classes <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 4.1 Mid-19th - century European revolts </Li> <Li> 4.2. 4.2 Industrial age reformism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2. 5 Imperial Russia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.3 European dominance and the 19th century <Ul> <Li> 4.3. 1 Imperialism and empires </Li> <Li> 4.3. 2 British Victorian era </Li> <Li> 4.3. 3 French governments and conflicts </Li> <Li> 4.3. 4 Slavery and abolition </Li> <Li> 4.3. 5 African colonization </Li> <Li> 4.3. 6 Meiji Japan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.4 United States <Ul> <Li> 4.4. 1 Antebellum expansion </Li> <Li> 4.4. 2 Civil War and Reconstruction </Li> <Li> 4.4. 3 The Gilded Age and legacy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.5 Science and philosophy <Ul> <Li> 4.5. 1 Notable persons </Li> <Li> 4.5. 2 Social Darwinism </Li> <Li> 4.5. 3 Marxist society </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.6 European decline and the 20th century <Ul> <Li> 4.6. 1 Australian Constitution </Li> <Li> 4.6. 2 Eastern warlords </Li> <Li> 4.6. 3 World Wars era <Ul> <Li> 4.6. 3.1 Start of the 20th century </Li> <Li> 4.6. 3.2 Edwardian Britain </Li> <Li> 4.6. 3.3 World War I </Li> <Li> 4.6. 3.4 Revolutions and war </Li> <Li> 4.6. 3.5 The 1920s and the Depression </Li> <Li> 4.6. 3.6 Nanjing period </Li> <Li> 4.6. 3.7 The League and crises </Li> <Li> 4.6. 3.8 Tripartite Pact </Li> <Li> 4.6. 3.9 World War II </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.6. 4 Post-1945 world <Ul> <Li> 4.6. 4.1 American Peace </Li> <Li> 4.6. 4.2 Cold War era </Li> <Li> 4.6. 4.3 Latin America polarization </Li> <Li> 4.6. 4.4 Space Age </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Education and schools <Ul> <Li> 5.1 British education </Li> <Li> 5.2 Universities </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Study Guide ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some events , while not without precedent , show a new way of perceiving the world . The concept of modernity interprets the general meaning of these events and seeks explanations for major developments . </P> <H3> Source text ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Historical method and Source text <P> The fundamental difficulty of studying modern history is the fact that a plethora of it has been documented up to the present day . It is imperative to consider the reliability of the information obtained from these records . </P> Further information : Historiography and Philosophy of history <H3> Terminology and usage ( edit ) </H3> Pre-modern ( edit ) <P> In the pre-modern era , many people 's sense of self and purpose was often expressed via a faith in some form of deity , be it that in a single God or in many gods . Pre-modern cultures have not been thought of creating a sense of distinct individuality , though . Religious officials , who often held positions of power , were the spiritual intermediaries to the common person . It was only through these intermediaries that the general masses had access to the divine . Tradition was sacred to ancient cultures and was unchanging and the social order of ceremony and morals in a culture could be strictly enforced . </P> See also : Ancient history and Post-classical history Modern ( edit ) <P> The term modern was coined in the 16th century to indicate present or recent times ( ultimately derived from the Latin adverb modo , meaning `` just now '' ) . The European Renaissance ( about 1420 -- 1630 ) , which marked the transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times , started in Italy and was spurred in part by the rediscovery of classical art and literature , as well as the new perspectives gained from the Age of Discovery and the invention of the telescope and microscope , expanding the borders of thought and knowledge . </P> <P> In contrast to the pre-modern era , Western civilization made a gradual transition from pre-modernity to modernity when scientific methods were developed which led many to believe that the use of science would lead to all knowledge , thus throwing back the shroud of myth under which pre-modern peoples lived . New information about the world was discovered via empirical observation , versus the historic use of reason and innate knowledge . </P> <P> The term `` Early Modern '' was introduced in the English language in the 1930s . to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment ( 1800 ) ( when the meaning of the term Modern Ages was developing its contemporary form ) . It is important to note that these terms stem from European history . In usage in other parts of the world , such as in Asia , and in Muslim countries , the terms are applied in a very different way , but often in the context with their contact with European culture in the Age of Discovery . </P> Contemporary ( edit ) Main article : Contemporary history <P> In the Contemporary era , there were various socio - technological trends . Regarding the 21st century and the late modern world , the Information Age and computers were forefront in use , not completely ubiquitous but often present in everyday life . The development of Eastern powers was of note , with China and India becoming more powerful . In the Eurasian theater , the European Union and Russian Federation were two forces recently developed . A concern for Western world , if not the whole world , was the late modern form of terrorism and the warfare that has resulted from the contemporary terrorist acts . </P> <H2> Modern era ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Significant developments ( edit ) </H3> <P> The modern period has been a period of significant development in the fields of science , politics , warfare , and technology . It has also been an age of discovery and globalization . During this time , the European powers and later their colonies , began a political , economic , and cultural colonization of the rest of the world . </P> <P> By the late 19th and 20th centuries , modernist art , politics , science and culture has come to dominate not only Western Europe and North America , but almost every civilized area on the globe , including movements thought of as opposed to the west and globalization . The modern era is closely associated with the development of individualism , capitalism , urbanization and a belief in the possibilities of technological and political progress . </P> <P> The brutal wars and other problems of this era , many of which come from the effects of rapid change , and the connected loss of strength of traditional religious and ethical norms , have led to many reactions against modern development . Optimism and belief in constant progress has been most recently criticized by postmodernism while the dominance of Western Europe and Anglo - America over other continents has been criticized by postcolonial theory . </P> <P> One common conception of modernity is the condition of Western history since the mid-15th century , or roughly the European development of movable type and the printing press . In this context the `` modern '' society is said to develop over many periods , and to be influenced by important events that represent breaks in the continuity . </P> Early ( edit ) Main article : Early modern period <P> The modern era includes the early period , called the early modern period , which lasted from c. 1500 to around c. 1800 ( most often 1815 ) . Particular facets of early modernity include : </P> <Ul> <Li> The Renaissance </Li> <Li> The Reformation and Counter Reformation . </Li> <Li> The Age of Discovery </Li> <Li> The Rise of capitalism </Li> <Li> The Golden Age of Piracy </Li> </Ul> <P> Important events in the early modern period include : </P> <Ul> <Li> The invention of the printing press </Li> <Li> The English Civil War </Li> <Li> The Seven Years ' War </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Modern Age characteristics <P> The concept of the modern world as distinct from an ancient or medieval world rests on a sense that the modern world is not just another era in history , but rather the result of a new type of change . This is usually conceived of as progress driven by deliberate human efforts to better their situation . </P> <P> Advances in all areas of human activity -- politics , industry , society , economics , commerce

The modern view of history originates

Where does the modern view of history originate from?

2985591975335305853

Maquiladora - wikipedia <H1> Maquiladora </H1> Jump to : navigation , search A maquila in Mexico <P> In Mexico , a maquiladora ( Spanish pronunciation : ( makilaˈðoɾa ) ) or maquila ( IPA : ( maˈkila ) ) is a manufacturing operation , where factories import certain material and equipment on a duty - free and tariff - free basis for assembly , processing , or manufacturing and then export the assembled , processed and / or manufactured products , sometimes back to the raw materials ' country of origin . They are an example of special economic zones as seen in many countries . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Growth and development </Li> <Li> 3 Working conditions </Li> <Li> 4 Gender composition of workforce </Li> <Li> 5 Environmental effects </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Books </Li> <Li> 8.2 Journal articles </Li> <Li> 8.3 Government / NGO reports </Li> <Li> 8.4 News </Li> <Li> 8.5 Music </Li> <Li> 8.6 Video </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1964 , the Bracero Program , which allowed Mexican agricultural workers to work legally in the U.S. on a seasonal basis , came to an end . Less than a year after the end of the Bracero Program , the Mexican Government launched the Border Industrialization Program ( BIP ) or the Maquiladora Program , to solve the problem of rising unemployment along the border . The maquiladoras became attractive to US firms due to the availability of cheap labor , devaluations of the peso and favorable changes in US customs laws . In 1985 , maquiladoras overtook tourism as the largest source of foreign exchange , and since 1996 they have been the second largest industry in Mexico behind the petroleum industry . </P> <P> Following the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) , the growth of maquila plants skyrocketed . During the five years before NAFTA , the maquila employment had grown at a rate of 47 % ; this figure increased to 86 % in the next five years . The number of factories also increased dramatically . In the five years preceding NAFTA , 564 new plants opened ; in the five years following , 1460 plants opened . However , the maquiladora growth is largely attributable to growth in US demand , and devaluation of the peso and not NAFTA itself . In the 1970s , most maquiladoras were located around the Mexico -- United States border . By 1994 , these were spread in the interior parts of the country , although the majority of the plants were still near the border . Recent research indicates that the maquiladora industry affects U.S. border city employment in service sectors . </P> <P> Although the maquiladora industry suffered due to the early 2000s recession , maquiladoras constituted 54 % of the US - Mexico trade in 2004 , and by 2005 , the maquiladora exports accounted for half of Mexico 's exports . The industry had become an important source of foreign direct investment and foreign exchange for Mexico . </P> <P> In the 2000s , the maquila industry faced competition due to rise of other countries with availability of cheap labor , including Malaysia , India , and Pakistan . The biggest threat came from China 's Special Economic Areas . </P> <H2> Growth and Development ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the later half of the sixties , maquiladora industries rapidly expanded geographically and economically and by 1985 , had become Mexico 's second largest source of income from exports , behind oil . Since 1973 , maquiladoras have also accounted for nearly half of Mexico 's export assembly . Between 1995 and 2000 , exports of assembled products in Mexico tripled , and the rate of the industry 's growth amounted to about one new factory per day . By the late twentieth century , the industry accounted for 25 percent of Mexico 's gross domestic product , and 17 percent of total Mexican employment . </P> <P> Since globalization and physical restructuring have contributed to the competition and advent of low - cost offshore assembly in places such as China , and countries in Central America , maquiladoras in Mexico have been on the decline since 2000 : According to federal sources , approximately 529 maquiladoras shut down and investment in assembly plants decreased by 8.2 percent in 2002 after the imposition of countervailing duties on Chinese products , not available in North America , that were part of the electronics supply chain . Despite the decline , over 3,000 maquiladoras still exist along the 2,000 mile - long United States -- Mexico border , providing employment for approximately one million workers , and importing more than $51 billion in supplies into Mexico . Research indicates that maquiladoras ' post-NAFTA growth is connected to changes in Mexican wages relative to those in Asia and in the United States , and to fluctuations in U.S. industrial production . As of 2006 , maquiladoras still accounted for 45 percent of Mexico 's exports . Maquiladoras , in general , are best represented among operations that are particularly assembly intensive . </P> <H2> Working conditions ( edit ) </H2> See also : Sweatshop <P> One of the main goals of the Border Industrialization Program was to attract foreign investment . Mexican blue - collar labor is kept cheap and competitive with other major export countries by devaluations in the peso , often corresponding with the end of presidential terms . Mexicans work for approximately one - sixth of the U.S. hourly rate . </P> <P> Young women are often preferred over older women , as younger women are capable of working longer hours . Although Mexican labor law is much more stringent than American labor laws ( e.g. the requirement that workers be paid three months severance after as much time on the job , should they be let go without cause ) , women are sometimes subjected to unsafe and unsanitary working conditions . Poverty is a key factor that motivates women , in particular , to work in maquiladoras . The minimum wage set by the Mexican government is barely enough to help sustain a family . The minimum wage `` buys only about a quarter of the basic necessities that are essential for a typical worker 's family '' . Maquilas pay at much higher than the minimum wage in most markets since there is a lot of competition for the best workers , and workers will not work without transportation and other bonuses . The 2015 Minimum wage is 70.1 pesos per day in Tijuana ( minimum wages vary by zone and worker classification ) or about $0.55 per hour at the current exchange rate of 16 pesos per dollar , while most entry level positions in maquilas pay closer to $2 per hour including bonuses and 25 % Social Security and housing and retirement . </P> <H2> Gender composition of workforce ( edit ) </H2> <P> Mexico possesses a strong system of labor laws , yet enforcement of these laws within the maquiladora industry is often lax. ⁠ ⁠ While most people who were employed under the original Bracero Program were men , the majority of maquiladora employees are young women . </P> <H2> Environmental effects ( edit ) </H2> <P> Both the United States and Mexican governments claim to be committed to environmental protection , yet environmental policies have not always been enforced. ⁠ ⁠ However , maquilas are required to be certified and to provide an environmental impact statement . In Mexico , most maquiladoras are global players that use international standards for waste treatment and disposal that exceed Mexican requirements and that require any waste generated to be re-exported . Although the La Paz Agreement signed by Mexico and the United States in 1983 requires hazardous waste created by United States corporations to be transported back to the United States for disposal , the United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) reports that only 91 of the 600 maquiladoras located along the Texas - Mexico border have returned hazardous waste to the United States since 1987 . This is likely due to the fact that most maquiladoras are factories that perform sewing and assembly of consumer products and many of the materials that are considered hazardous are incorporated into those products . </P> <P> Maquiladoras offer showers and sanitary facilities to workers that often lack running water , thus reducing waste . The United States Geological Survey , the state of California , and the Imperial County Health Department -- among others -- have all asserted that the New River , which flows from Mexicali , Baja California , Mexico near the Mexico -- United States border into California 's Salton Sea , is `` ... the dirtiest river in America . '' </P> <P> The EPA 's US -- Mexico Border 2012 Program has an extensive plan to help with environmental issues along that border . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Mexico portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Dominican Republic - Central America Free Trade Agreement </Li> <Li> Economy of Mexico </Li> <Li> Free Trade Area of the Americas </Li> <Li> Free Trade </Li> <Li> Globalization </Li> <Li> Colonia ( Mexico ) </Li> <Li> Latin American economy </Li> <Li> Maquila Decree </Li> <Li> Maquila Solidarity Network </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Also referred to as a `` twin plant '' , or `` in - bond '' industry . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ferrante - Wallace , Joan ( 2006 ) . Sociology : a global perspective . p. 38 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 4950 - 0561 - 2 . OCLC 61232264 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Louie , Miriam C.Y. ( 2001 ) . Sweatshop warriors : immigrant women workers take on the global factory . South End Press . p. 69 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 89608 - 638 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Larudee , Mehrene . `` Causes of Growth and Decline in Mexico 's Apparel Sector . '' International Review of Applied Economics , Vol 21 , September 2007 . pp539 - 559 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Truett , Lila and Truett , Dale . `` NAFTA and the Maquiladoras : Boon or Bane . '' Contemporary Economic Policy , Vol 25 , July 2007 . pp374 - 386 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Vietor , Richard H.K. and Veytsman , Alexander . `` American Outsourcing . '' Harvard Business School Case Study No. 9 - 705 - 037 , rev . February 2 , 2007 ( Boston , MA : HBS Publishing , 2005 ) , p. 6 . `` The devaluation of the peso in 1994 , which overnight reduced all peso - denominated manufacturing costs including energy and labor , improving the profitability of the maquiladoras , explains the growth spurt more than the changes in duties that were the result of NAFTA . US tariffs were already low , and Mexican duties were already not charged to maquiladoras . '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas , The Impact of the Maquiladora Industry on U.S. Border Cities , 2011 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Stoddard , Ellwyn R. Maquila : Assembly Plants in Northern Alaska . p. 2 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Shorris , Earl . The Life and Times of Mexico . p. 531 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hausman , Angela and Diana L Haytko . Cross-border Supply Chain Relationships : Interpretive Research of Maquiladora Realized Strategies . p. 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Villalobos , J Rene , et al. Inbound for Mexico . p. 38 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas , Did NAFTA Really Cause Mexico 's High Maquiladora Growth ? ,

Factories that assemble parts made in other countries are often located in

Factories that assemble parts made in other countries?

-6050703859996827650

Epistle to the Galatians - wikipedia <H1> Epistle to the Galatians </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series of articles on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Paul in the Bible </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pauline literature ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Romans </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> I Corinthians </Li> <Li> II Corinthians </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Galatians </Li> <Li> Ephesians </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Philippians </Li> <Li> Colossians </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> I Thessalonians </Li> <Li> II Thessalonians </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Pastoral epistles </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> <Ul> <Li> I Timothy </Li> <Li> II Timothy </Li> <Li> Titus </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Philemon </Li> <Li> Hebrews </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Authorship ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Paul the Apostle </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Related literature ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Lost epistles </Li> <Li> Apocalypse of Paul </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Coptic Apocalypse of Paul </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Corinthians to Paul </Li> <Li> Acts of Paul </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Paul and Thecla </Li> <Li> Peter and Paul </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Prayer of Paul </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> See also ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Apostle ( Christian ) </Li> <Li> Pauline Christianity </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Books of the New Testament </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gospels </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Matthew </Li> <Li> Mark </Li> <Li> Luke </Li> <Li> John </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Acts </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Acts of the Apostles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Epistles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Apocalypse </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Revelation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Testament manuscripts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Epistle to the Galatians , often shortened to Galatians , is the ninth book of the New Testament . It is a letter from Paul the Apostle to a number of Early Christian communities in Galatia . Scholars have suggested that this is either the Roman province of Galatia in southern Anatolia , or a large region defined by an ethnic group of Celtic people in central Anatolia . </P> <P> Paul is principally concerned with the controversy surrounding Gentile Christians and the Mosaic Law during the Apostolic Age . Paul argues that the Gentile Galatians do not need to adhere to the tenets of the Mosaic Law , particularly circumcision , by contextualizing the role of the law in light of the revelation of Christ . Galatians has exerted enormous influence on the history of Christianity , the development of Christian theology , and the study of the apostle Paul . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Composition <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Authenticity </Li> <Li> 1.2 Galatia <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 North Galatian view </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 South Galatian view </Li> <Li> 1.2. 3 Earliest epistle </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Outline </Li> <Li> 3 Contents </Li> <Li> 4 Significance </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> No original of the letter is known to survive . The earliest reasonably complete version available to scholars today , named P , dates to approximately the year 200 AD , approximately 150 years after the original was presumably drafted . This papyrus is fragmented in a few areas , causing some of the original text carefully preserved over the years to be missing , `` however , through careful research relating to paper construction , handwriting development , and the established principles of textual criticism , scholars can be rather certain about where these errors and changes appeared and what the original text probably said . '' </P> <P> Some scholars date the original composition to c. 50 -- 60 AD . Other scholars agree that Galatians was written between the late 40s and early 50s . </P> <H3> Authenticity ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Authorship of the Pauline Epistles <P> Biblical scholars agree that Galatians is a true example of Paul 's writing . The main arguments in favor of the authenticity of Galatians include its style and themes , which are common to the core letters of the Pauline corpus . Moreover , Paul 's possible description of the Council of Jerusalem ( Gal. 2 : 1 -- 10 ) gives a different point of view from the description in Acts 15 : 2 -- 29 , if it is , in fact , describing the Jerusalem Council . </P> <P> The central dispute in the letter concerns the question of how Gentiles could convert to Christianity , which shows that this letter was written at a very early stage in church history , when the vast majority of Christians were Jewish or Jewish proselytes , which historians refer to as the Jewish Christians . Another indicator that the letter is early is that there is no hint in the letter of a developed organization within the Christian community at large . This puts it during the lifetime of Paul himself . </P> <P> Nevertheless , a small number of scholars have questioned Paul 's authorship of Galatians , such as Bruno Bauer , Abraham Loman , C.H. Weisse and Frank R. McGuire . </P> <H3> Galatia ( edit ) </H3> <P> Paul 's letter is addressed `` to the churches of Galatia '' ( Galatians 1 : 2 ) , but the location of these churches is a matter of debate . A minority of scholars have argued that the `` Galatia '' is an ethnic reference to a Celtic people living in northern Asia Minor , but most agree that it is a geographical reference to the Roman province in central Asia Minor , which had been settled by immigrant Celts in the 270s BC and retained Gaulish features of culture and language in Paul 's day . Acts of the Apostles records Paul traveling to the `` region of Galatia and Phrygia '' , which lies immediately west of Galatia . </P> <P> Some claim the New Testament says that the churches of Galatia ( Antioch of Pisidia , Iconium , Lystra and Derbe ) were founded by Paul himself ( Acts 16 : 6 ; Galatians. 1 : 8 ; 4 : 13 ; 4 : 19 ) . They seem to have been composed mainly of converts from paganism ( Galatians 4 : 8 ) . After Paul 's departure , the churches were led astray from Paul 's trust / faith - centered teachings by individuals proposing `` another gospel '' ( which centered on salvation through the Mosaic law , so - called legalism ) , whom Paul saw as preaching a `` different gospel '' from what Paul had taught ( Galatians 1 : 1 -- 9 ) . The Galatians appear to have been receptive to the teaching of these newcomers , and the epistle is Paul 's response to what he sees as their willingness to turn from his teaching . </P> <P> The identity of these `` opponents '' is disputed . However , the majority of modern scholars view them as Jewish Christians , who taught that in order for converts to belong to the People of God , they must be subject to some or all of the Jewish Law , ( i.e. Judaizers ) . The letter indicates controversy concerning circumcision , Sabbath observance , and the Mosaic Covenant . It would appear , from Paul 's response , that they cited the example of Abraham , who was circumcised as a mark of receiving the covenant blessings ( Genesis 17 ) . They certainly appear to have questioned Paul 's authority as an apostle , perhaps appealing to the greater authority of the Jerusalem church governed by James ( brother of Jesus ) . </P> North Galatian view ( edit ) <P> The North Galatian view holds that the epistle was written very soon after Paul 's second visit to Galatia ( Acts 18 : 23 ) . In this view , the visit to Jerusalem , mentioned in Galatians 2 : 1 -- 10 , is identical with that of Acts 15 , which is spoken of as a thing of the past . Consequently , the epistle seems to have been written after the Council of Jerusalem . The similarity between this epistle and the epistle to the Romans has led to the conclusion that they were both written at roughly the same time , during Paul 's stay in Macedonia in roughly 56 -- 57 . </P> <P> This third date takes the word `` quickly '' in Gal. 1 : 6 literally . John P. Meier suggests that Galatians was `` written in the middle or late 50s , only a few years after the Antiochene incident he narrates '' . Eminent Biblical scholar Helmut Koester also subscribes to the `` North Galatian Hypothesis '' . Koester points out that the cities of Galatia in the north consist of Ankyra , Pessinus , and Gordium ( of the Gordian Knot fame of Alexander the Great ) . </P> South Galatian view ( edit ) <P> The South Galatian view holds that Paul wrote Galatians before or shortly after the First Jerusalem Council , probably on his way to it , and that it was written to churches he had presumably planted during either his time in Tarsus ( he would have traveled a short distance , since Tarsus is in Cilicia ) after his first visit to Jerusalem as a Christian , or during his first missionary journey , when he traveled throughout southern Galatia . If it was written to the believers in South Galatia , it would likely have been written in 49 . </P> Earliest epistle ( edit ) <P> A third theory is that Galatians 2 : 1 -- 10 describes Paul and Barnabas ' visit to Jerusalem described in Acts 11 : 30 and 12 : 25 . This theory holds that the epistle was written before the Council was convened , possibly making it the earliest of Paul 's epistles . According to this theory , the revelation mentioned ( Gal 2 : 2 ) corresponds with the prophecy of Agabus ( Acts 11 : 27 -- 28 ) . This view holds that the private speaking about the gospel shared among the Gentiles precludes the Acts 15 visit , but fits perfectly with Acts 11 . It further holds that continuing to remember the poor ( Gal. 2 : 10 ) fits with the purpose of the Acts 11 visit , but not Acts 15 . </P> <P> In addition , the exclusion of any mention of the letter of Acts 15 is seen to indicate that such a letter did not yet exist , since Paul would have been likely to use it against the legalism confronted in Galatians . Finally , this view doubts Paul 's confrontation of Peter ( Gal. 2 : 11 ) would have been necessary after the events described in Acts 15 . If this view is correct , the epistle should be dated somewhere around 47 , depending on other difficult to date events , such as Paul 's conversion . </P> <P> Kirsopp Lake found this view less likely and wondered why it would be necessary for the Jerusalem Council ( Acts 15 ) to take place at all if the issue were settled in Acts 11 : 30 / 12 : 25 , as this view holds . Defenders of the view do not think it unlikely an issue of such magnitude would need to be discussed more than once . Renowned New Testament scholar J.B. Lightfoot also objected to

The Book of Galatians is written to

Who is the book of galatians written to?

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What a Wonderful World - wikipedia <H1> What a Wonderful World </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the Sam Cooke song , see Wonderful World ( Sam Cooke song ) . For other uses , see Wonderful World ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` What a Wonderful World '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Louis Armstrong </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album What a Wonderful World </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Cabaret '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> October 18 , 1967 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> August 16 , 1967 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Traditional pop </Li> <Li> jazz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> ABC 10982 , HMV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bob Thiele ( as George Douglas ) George David Weiss </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bob Thiele </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Louis Armstrong singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Mi va de cantare '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` What a Wonderful World '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Hello Brother '' ( 1968 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Mi va de cantare '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` What a Wonderful World '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Hello Brother '' ( 1968 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` What a Wonderful World '' is a pop ballad written by Bob Thiele ( as `` George Douglas '' ) and George David Weiss . It was first recorded by Louis Armstrong and released in 1967 as a single , which topped the pop charts in the United Kingdom . Thiele and Weiss were both prominent in the music world ( Thiele as a producer and Weiss as a composer / performer ) . Armstrong 's recording was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999 . The publishing for this song is controlled by Memory Lane Music Group , Carlin Music Corp. and BMG Rights Management . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Charts and certifications <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Peak positions </Li> <Li> 2.2 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Notable versions </Li> <Li> 4 Appearances in film and television <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The song was initially offered to Tony Bennett , who turned it down . Thereafter , it was offered to Louis Armstrong . George Weiss recounts in the book Off the Record : Songwriters on Songwriting by Graham Nash that he wrote the song specifically for Louis Armstrong . Weiss was inspired by Armstrong 's ability to bring people of different races together . The song was not initially a hit in the United States , where it sold fewer than 1,000 copies because ABC Records head Larry Newton did not like the song and therefore did not promote it , but was a major success in the United Kingdom , reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart . In the United States , the song hit No. 116 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Chart . It was also the biggest - selling single of 1968 in the UK where it was among the last pop singles issued by HMV Records before becoming an exclusive classical music label . The song made Louis Armstrong the oldest male to top the UK Singles Chart , at sixty - six years and ten months old . Armstrong 's record was broken in 2009 when a remake of `` Islands in the Stream '' recorded for Comic Relief -- which included the 68 - year - old Tom Jones -- reached number one in that chart . Tony Bennett did go on to record `` What A Wonderful World '' several times , as in 2003 with k.d. lang , paying homage to Bennett 's friend , Armstrong . </P> <P> ABC Records ' European distributor EMI forced ABC to issue a What a Wonderful World album in 1968 ( catalogue number ABCS - 650 ) . It did not chart in the United States , due to ABC not promoting it , but charted in the UK where it was issued by Stateside Records with catalogue number SSL 10247 and peaked on the British chart at No. 37 . </P> <P> The song gradually became something of a standard and reached a new level of popularity . In 1978 , Armstrong 's 1967 recording was featured in the closing scenes of the first series of BBC radio 's cult hit , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , and was repeated for BBC 's 1981 TV adaptation of the series . In 1988 , Armstrong 's recording appeared in the film Good Morning , Vietnam ( despite the film being set in 1965 -- two years before it was recorded ) and was re-released as a single , hitting No. 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in February 1988 . The single charted at number one for the fortnight ending June 27 , 1988 on the Australian chart . It is also the closing song for the 1995 movie 12 Monkeys . </P> <P> In 2001 , rappers Ghostface Killah , Raekwon and The Alchemist released `` The Forest , '' a song that begins with three lines of lyric adapted from `` What a Wonderful World '' , altered to become `` an invitation to get high '' on marijuana . The rappers and their record company , Sony Music Entertainment , were sued by the owners of `` What a Wonderful World , '' Abilene Music . The suit was thrown out of court after Judge Gerard E. Lynch determined that the altered lyric was indisputably a parody , transforming the uplifting original message to a new one with a darker nature . </P> <P> By April 2014 , Louis Armstrong 's 1967 recording had sold 2,173,000 downloads in the United States after it was released digitally . </P> <H2> Charts and certifications ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Peak positions ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1967 / 68 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denmark </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( MediaMarkt ) </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Norway ( VG - lista ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.K. Singles Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 116 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Adult Contemporary ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1976 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy ( FIMI ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1988 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium ( VRT Top 30 Flanders ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada ( RPM Magazine ) </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( MediaMarkt ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Poland </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Adult Contemporary ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. ( Radio & Records ) </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. ( Cashbox ) </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. ( Rock on the Net - ARC Weekly Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Certifications ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Italy ( FIMI ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Notable versions ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1967 : Louis Armstrong , million selling original version </Li> <Li> 1989 : Roy Clark , on his album of the same name ( peaked at No. 73 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart ) </Li> <Li> 1992 : Nick Cave , single sung with Shane MacGowan , in 2005 also published on the album B - Sides & Rarities </Li> <Li> 1993 : Israel Kamakawiwo'ole , Hawaiian ukulele version ( medley with `` Somewhere Over the Rainbow '' ) on the album Facing Future ( sold over 2.5 million copies in the U.S. and Canada alone ) </Li> <Li> 1999 : Anne Murray , on her platinum release of the same name , which also spawned a book and video ( the album reached No. 1 on the US CCM chart , No. 4 on the US Country chart , and No. 38 on the top 200 ) </Li> <Li> 2002 : Joey Ramone 's posthumous version was used for the ending credits of Michael Moore 's film Bowling for Columbine </Li> <Li> 2002 : Da Vinci 's Notebook ended their album Brontosaurus with an a cappella version </Li> <Li> 2003 : Sarah Brightman . Harem album </Li> <Li> 2004 : Céline Dion recorded the song for her album Miracle </Li> <Li> 2004 : Rod Stewart recorded a version of the song with Stevie Wonder for Stewart 's album Stardust : The Great American Songbook , Volume III ( released in the United States as the lead single from the album and by early 2005 reached No. 13 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart </Li> <Li> 2007 : Foxygen covered the song on their self - produced first album Jurrassic Exxplosion Phillipic </Li> <Li> 2007 : Katie Melua , singing with Eva Cassidy 's version to raise money for the Red Cross ( reached No. 1 in the UK chart in December 2007 ) </Li> <Li> 2008 : Ministry , along with other cover songs on their album Cover Up </Li> <Li> 2009 : The Clarks 's version was recorded for their album Restless Days . This version was also featured on The Simpsons 's Season 27 premiere , Every Man 's Dream . And it 's also used after every Home win for the Pittsburgh Penguins at PPG Paints Arena </Li> <Li> 2010 : Ziggy Marley 's version on The Disney Reggae Club </Li> <Li> 2012 : Pat Byrne reached No. 3 in the Irish Singles Chart after appearing on The Voice of Ireland </Li> <Li> 2012 : Playing For Change , the music charity , recorded this song featuring Grandpa Elliott </Li> <Li> 2015

"What a Wonderful World" is a

What type of song is what a wonderful world?

6406868378537066919

List of medical colleges in Kerala - wikipedia <H1> List of medical colleges in Kerala </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The following is a list of government , private , and self - financing medical institutions in Kerala . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Medical colleges <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Government medical colleges </Li> <Li> 1.2 Private self - financing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Government dental colleges <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Government - sponsored self - financing </Li> <Li> 2.2 Private self - financing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Ayurveda colleges <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Government Ayurveda colleges </Li> <Li> 3.2 Government - aided </Li> <Li> 3.3 Private self - financing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Unani Medical College </Li> <Li> 5 Homeopathic colleges <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Government homeopathic medical colleges </Li> <Li> 5.2 Government - aided </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Siddha medical colleges <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Self - financing Siddha medical colleges </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Medical colleges ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Government medical colleges ( edit ) </H3> Kasaragod Kannur Wayanad Calicut Malappuram Thrissur Palakkad Ernakulam Idukki Kottayam Alappuzha Pathanamthitta Kollam Trivandrum Location of Govt Medical Colleges. 12 functioning ( green ). 2 planned ( blue ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> College Name </Th> <Th> District </Th> <Th> Estd Year </Th> <Th> Remarks </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Thiruvananthapuram </Td> <Td> Thiruvananthapuram </Td> <Td> 1951 </Td> <Td> 1st Medical College in Kerala </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Kozhikode </Td> <Td> Kozhikode </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Kottayam </Td> <Td> Kottayam </Td> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government TD Medical College , Alappuzha </Td> <Td> Alappuzha </Td> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Thrissur </Td> <Td> Thrissur </Td> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Ernakulam </Td> <Td> Ernakulam </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Manjeri , Malappuram </Td> <Td> Malappuram </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Palakkad </Td> <Td> Palakkad </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Painav , Idukki </Td> <Td> Idukki </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Waiting for MCI approval </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Kollam </Td> <Td> Kollam </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Konni , Pathanamthitta </Td> <Td> Pathanamthitta </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Academy of Medical Sciences , Pariyaram , Kannur ( KNM ) </Td> <Td> Kannur </Td> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Madakkimala , Wayanad </Td> <Td> Wayanad </Td> <Td> Planned </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government Medical College , Kasaragod </Td> <Td> Kasaragod </Td> <Td> Planned </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Kerala govt has plans to take over Pariyaram medical college . </P> <H3> Private self - financing ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> College Name </Th> <Th> District </Th> <Th> Estd Year </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Al Azhar Medical College , Thodupuzha </Td> <Td> Idukki </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Amala Institute of Medical Sciences , Amala Nagar , Thrissur </Td> <Td> Thrissur </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre , Ponnekara , Kochi </Td> <Td> Ernakulam </Td> <Td> 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences & Research , Meeyyannoor , Kollam </Td> <Td> Kollam </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Believers Church Medical College Hospital , Kuttapuzha , Kerala </Td> <Td> Pathanamthitta </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> DM Wayanad Institute of Medical sciences , Meppadi , Wayanad </Td> <Td> Wayanad </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College , Karakonam , Thiruvananthapuram </Td> <Td> Thiruvananthapuram </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute , Thrissur </Td> <Td> Thrissur </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kannur Medical College , Kannur </Td> <Td> Kannur </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Karuna Medical College , Vilayodi , Palakkad </Td> <Td> Palakkad </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kerala Medical College , Cherupplasery , Palakkad </Td> <Td> Palakkad </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> KMCT Medical College , Mukkam , Kozhikode </Td> <Td> Kozhikode </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Malabar Medical College , Kozhikode </Td> <Td> Kozhikode </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical Mission , Hospital Kolenchery </Td> <Td> Ernakulam </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MES Academy of Medical Sciences </Td> <Td> Malappuram </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mount Zion Medical College , </Td> <Td> Pathanamthitta </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> PK Das Institute of Medical Sciences , Vaniyamkulam , Palakkad </Td> <Td> Palakkad </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre , Thiruvalla , Pathanamthitta </Td> <Td> Pathanamthitta </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sree Gokulam Medical College & Research Foundation , Venjaramoodu , Thiruvananthapuram </Td> <Td> Thiruvananthapuram </Td> <Td> 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences , North Paravur , Ernakulam District </Td> <Td> Ernakulam </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> SUT Medical College , Vattappara , Thiruvananthapuram </Td> <Td> Thiruvananthapuram </Td> <Td> 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Travancore Medical College Hospital , Kollam </Td> <Td> Kollam </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> SR Medical College Hospital , Varkala </Td> <Td> Thiruvananthapuram </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Government dental colleges ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Government Dental College , Thiruvananthapuram </Li> <Li> Government Dental College , Kottayam </Li> <Li> Government Dental College , Kozhikode </Li> </Ul> <H3> Government - sponsored self - financing ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Malabar Dental College and Research Centre , Edappal , Malappuram </Li> <Li> Pariyaram Dental College , Pariyaram , Kannur ( KND ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Private self - financing ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Al - Azhar Dental College , Thodupuzha , Kerala </Li> <Li> Annoor Dental College , Puthuppady , Muvattupuzha via , Ernakulam </Li> <Li> Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research , Meeyyannoor , Kollam </Li> <Li> Century International Institute of Dental Science & Research Centre , Poinachi , Kasargod </Li> <Li> Dental College , Maypallycutty , Alleppey </Li> <Li> Educare Institute of Dental Sciences , Kiliyamannil campus , Chattiparamba , Malappuram </Li> <Li> Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences , Kothamangalam </Li> <Li> Kannur Dental College , Anjarakandy , Mamba , Kannur </Li> <Li> Kayamkulam Dental College , Kayamkulam </Li> <Li> KMCT Dental College , Mampetta , Manassery , Mukkom , Kozhikode </Li> <Li> Mar Baselios Dental College , Kothamangalam , Ernakulam </Li> <Li> MES Dental College , Perinthalmanna , Palachode , Malappuram </Li> <Li> Noorul Islam College of Dental Science , Neyyattinkara , Thiruvananthapuram </Li> <Li> PMS College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre , Vattappara , Thiruvananthapuram </Li> <Li> PSM College of Dental Science and Research , Akkikavu , Thrissur </Li> <Li> Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences , Thiruvalla , Pathanamthitta </Li> <Li> Royal Dental College , Iron Hills , Chalissery PO , Palakkad </Li> <Li> Sri Sankara Dental College , Akathumuri , Varkala , Thiruvananthapuram </Li> <Li> St. Gregorios Dental College , Chelad PO , Kothamangalm , Ernakulam </Li> </Ul> <H2> Ayurveda colleges ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Government Ayurveda colleges ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Government Ayurveda College , GPO , Thiruvananthapuram </Li> <Li> Government Ayurveda College , Dhanwanthari Nagar , Tripunithura , Ernakulam </Li> <Li> Government Ayurveda Medical College Kannur , Medical College PO , Pariyaram , Kannur </Li> </Ul> <H3> Government - aided ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Vaidyaretnam Ayurveda College , Thaikkattussery P.O. , Ollur , Thrissur </Li> <Li> VPSV Ayurveda College , Edarikode PO , Kottakkal , Malappuram </Li> </Ul> <H3> Private self - financing ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College , Kattakada PO , Thiruvananthapuram </Li> <Li> Amrita Ayurveda Medical College , Kollam </Li> <Li> Ahalia Ayurveda Medical College , Elippara , Kozhipara , Palakkkad </Li> <Li> KMCT Ayurveda Medical College , Manasseri PO , Mukkom , Kozhikode </Li> <Li> Mannam Ayurveda Co-operative Medical College , Pandalam , Pathanamthitta </Li> <Li> Nangelil Ayurveda Medical College , Nellikuzhy PO , Kothamangalam , Ernakulam </Li> <Li> PN Panicker Souhruda Ayurveda Medical College , Parakalai PO , Anandhashram via , Kasargode </Li> <Li> PNNM Ayurveda Medical College , Cheruthuruthy PO , Shoranur , Thrissur </Li> <Li> Parassinikkadavu Ayurveda Medical College , Parassinikadavu PO , Kannur </Li> <Li> Santhigiri Ayurveda Medical College , Olassery PO , Kodumbu Via , Palakkad </Li> <Li> Sree Narayana Institute of Ayurvedic Studies & Research , Karimpinpuzha PO , Puthur , Kollam </Li> <Li> Sreedhareeyam Ayurvedic Research & Development Institute , Koothattukulam , Ernakulam </Li> <Li> Vishnu Ayurveda College , Govt . Press PO , Shornur , Palakkad </Li> </Ul> <H2> Unani Medical College ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Markaz Unani Medical College & Hospital </Li> </Ul> <P> Kaithappoyil , Thamarassery , Calicut , Kerala </P> <H2> Homeopathic colleges ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Government homeopathic medical colleges ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Government Homeopathic Medical College , Iranimuttam , Manacaud PO , Thiruvananthapuram ( TVH ) </Li> <Li> Government Homeopathic Medical College , Karaparamba PO , Kozhikode </Li> </Ul> <H3> Government - aided ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Sree Vidhyadhiraja Homeopathic Medical College , Nemom , Thiruvananthapuram ( NEH ) </Li> <Li> Athurasramam NSS Homeopathic Medical College , Sachivothamapuram PO , Kottayam ( KTH ) </Li> <Li> Dr. Padiyar Memorial Homeopathic Medical College , Chottanikkara PO , Ernakulam ( EKH ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Siddha medical colleges ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Self - financing Siddha medical colleges ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Santhigiri Siddha Medical College , Santhigiri PO , Pothencode Via , Thiruvananthapuram </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> KEAM </Li> <Li> List of engineering colleges in Kerala </Li> <Li> List of institutions of higher education in Kerala </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> MBBS course offered colleges </Li> <Li> BDS course offered colleges </Li> <Li> BAMS course offered colleges </Li> <Li> BHMS course offered colleges </Li> <Li> BSMS course offered colleges </Li> </Ul> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/State-Government-Yet-to-Act-on-Pariyaram-Medical-College-Takeover/2015/07/06/article2904784.ece </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Educare Institute of Dental Sciences </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Official website of CEE </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_medical_colleges_in_Kerala&oldid=819564977 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Medical colleges in Kerala </Li> <Li> Lists of medical colleges in India </Li> <Li> Lists of universities and colleges in Kerala </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> മലയാളം </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 10 January 2018 , at 02 : 13 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The first private medical college in Kerala is the

Which is the first private medical college in kerala?

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Parmeet Sethi as Kuljeet Singh , Ajit 's son </Li> <Li> Mandira Bedi as Preeti Singh , Ajit 's daughter </Li> <Li> Anaita Shroff Adajania as Sheena , Simran 's friend </Li> <Li> Karan Johar and Arjun Sablok as Raj 's friends </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Origin and scripting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Aditya Chopra assisted his father , director and producer Yash Chopra , during the making of Chandni ( 1989 ) , Lamhe ( 1991 ) and Darr ( 1993 ) . During this time , Aditya wrote several of his own scripts , including one he assumed would be his first film , but eventually became his second , Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) . For three years , he worked on the story that would become Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge before approaching his father to direct it . Yash did not want to , and tried to persuade Aditya to do it himself . As they were discussing ideas for the script , Aditya conceived the notion that Raj would seek permission for marriage from Simran 's stern father , rather than eloping with her . He then became excited about the possibility of directing the film himself . After his mother , the playback singer Pamela Chopra , agreed that the idea was sound , he decided to make this his directorial debut . Aditya wanted to make a wholesome film that people could watch repeatedly . He wanted to diverge from the typical plot line of the time , in which lovers run away when their parents object , and show that if their love was strong enough , the parents would eventually understand . </P> <P> In May 1994 , Aditya read the first draft of the script to several members of the Yash Raj Films production team assigned to work with him , including a cinematographer , an art director and a dialogue writer . They were not impressed , but Aditya held fast to his ideas . He was given total editorial control by his father , the producer , and made the film according to his own tastes and sensibilities . Aditya struggled with both the dialogue writer Javed Siddiqui and the song lyricist Anand Bakshi to develop words that were `` young - sounding '' . There were personal clashes over writing credits on the final script . Pamela 's friend Honey Irani believed she deserved a writing credit that she did not receive , and Siddiqui believed Aditya did not deserve partial credit for the dialogue . After Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge , neither of them ever worked with Yash Raj Films again . After approving the script , Yash was consulted about the songs , but mostly left the creative process to his son , and has firmly denied that he was a ghost director on the project . He did not shoot a single frame , and did not even view some portions of the film until it was nearly completed . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Aditya originally wanted the film to be about a relationship between an Indian and an American . He wanted Tom Cruise for the role of Raj but was dissuaded by Yash , who did not want to use a foreign star . They decided their characters would be non-resident Indians ( NRIs ) . Aditya approached Shah Rukh Khan to play the role of Raj . Shah Rukh was initially not interested because of the romantic nature of the role , having had success playing villainous roles . Aditya then asked Saif Ali Khan to play the lead role because he was having problems persuading Shah Rukh to do it . Saif declined for unknown reasons , as did Aamir Khan , causing Aditya to continue pursuing Shah Rukh . Aditya and Shah Rukh had four meetings over several weeks ; he finally persuaded Shah Rukh by telling him he could never be a superstar unless he became `` every woman 's dream man , and every mother 's dream son '' . Since then , Shah Rukh has expressed his gratitude to Aditya for helping to make him a star with this film . Shah Rukh said that fellow actor Salman Khan also encouraged him to do the role , saying that he thought the film would be very successful . Shah Rukh has also noted the similarities in the film 's script to his own relationship with Gauri Khan before their marriage . </P> <P> Kajol was the first choice to play Simran , to which she quickly agreed ; she was a good friend of Aditya . She and Shah Rukh had previously worked together in the successful films Baazigar ( 1993 ) and Karan Arjun ( 1995 ) . Kajol said her character was very difficult for her to relate to , whereas Shah Rukh said Raj 's personality was very similar to his own . Aditya chose the name Raj for the character , and the mandolin that he played , based on his admiration for the actor Raj Kapoor . After a successful screen test , Parmeet Sethi was chosen over Armaan Kohli for the role of Kuljeet Singh . In addition to his assistant director Sameer Sharma , Aditya asked for two additional assistants , his brother Uday Chopra and his friend Karan Johar . Johar also played a small role in the film as Raj 's friend . Sharmishta Roy was the film 's art director and Manish Malhotra was its costume designer . While Malhotra had many new ideas , Aditya wanted to keep the clothing style simple ; he did not want it to distract from the story . Despite this , Malhotra was responsible for the idea of Simran wearing a green dress in the song `` Mehndi Laga Ke Rakhna '' , an unusual colour for a Punjabi bride . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> The Church of Saint Grat in Montbovon , one of the filming locations in Switzerland <P> Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge was filmed in several 5 - , 10 - and 20 - day schedules between September 1994 and August 1995 . The first sequence filmed was for the song `` Ho Gaya Hai Tujhko '' with Kajol and Shah Rukh in Switzerland . The European journey scenes and songs were mainly filmed in Saanen , Montbovon and Gstaad , Switzerland . Other scenes were shot in England , at locations including Trafalgar Square , King 's Cross railway station and Angel Underground station . Film 's cinematographer Manmohan Singh , a regular collaborator with Chopra , shot the song `` Tujhe Dekha To '' , including the iconic mustard fields scenes with Shah Rukh and Kajol in the mustard fields in Gurgaon on the outskirts of the National Capital Region Delhi . </P> <P> Saroj Khan was the choreographer throughout most of the production , but after several disputes between her and Aditya , she was replaced by Farah Khan near the end of the shoot . After the film 's eventual success , Saroj apologised to Aditya for underestimating him , but she never worked with him again . Farah choreographed the song `` Ruk Ja O Dil Deewane '' , during which Aditya did not tell Kajol that Shah Rukh was going to drop her , as he wanted to capture her genuine reaction . The film 's title was suggested by actress Kirron Kher ; it came from the song `` Le Jayenge Le Jayenge '' , in the film Chor Machaye Shor ( 1974 ) . The Raj character sings parts of this song during the story , and it recurs at the end . Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge is believed to be the only Bollywood film with a `` Title suggested by '' credit . The film has since become universally known by the acronym DDLJ . </P> <P> Towards the end of the principal photography , Shah Rukh had to split his time between this film and Trimurti ( 1995 ) , spending half of his day on each film . In early August 1995 , when filming on Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge was not yet finished , a release date in October around the time of the Diwali festival was decided upon . Composers Jatin and Lalit Pandit were given only 10 days to complete the background score , and the first copies were printed on 30 September . After filming was complete , Aditya decided to make a Hollywood - style documentary of the film - making process , which had not been done before in India . Karan Johar and Uday were put in charge because they had already been recording some of the process . On 18 October , two days before the film 's release , the 30 - minute special Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge , The Making was broadcast on television by Doordarshan . </P> <H2> Themes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge repeats the usual conservative agenda of family , courtship and marriage , but it proposes that Indian family values are portable assets that can be upheld regardless of country of residence . To prove this , Raj , an NRI who was brought up in London , is portrayed as the story 's `` good guy '' , whereas Kuljeet , raised in India , is portrayed as the villain . This is a reversal of the roles in typical Indian films , which usually portray Indians as being morally superior to Westerners . Here , NRIs are validated as potential model Indians citizens . </P> <P> The story aims to capture the struggle between traditional family values and the modern value of individualism . Although Raj and Simran want to be together regardless of her father 's plans for her , Raj tries to win over his girlfriend 's father rather than simply eloping with her . In this and other Indian stories , family values are ultimately considered more important than the romantic plot . Moral values and rules of conduct take precedence over individual desires . The film implies that `` Indianness '' can be defined by the importance of family life ; whether at home or abroad , it is the Indian family system that is recognised as the social institution that most defines Indian identity . </P> <P> In Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge , the purity / sanctity of women is being related that of the nation . In the scene after Raj and Simran spend the night together , and Simran is concerned that something happened , Raj tells her : `` You think I am beyond values , but I am a Hindustani , and I know what a Hindustani girl 's izzat ( honour ) is worth . Trust me , nothing happened last night . '' This speaks to the Indian diaspora and their need to try and sustain their value system , and the man 's responsibility to protect the Indian woman 's sexual purity . In The Routledge Encyclopedia of Films , Ranjani Mazumdar says the film has a running theme of unfulfilled desires , which is exemplified by Raj 's father telling him to enjoy life because his own was a struggle , and Simran 's mother telling her to run away with Raj because she was unable to live her own dreams . </P> <P> Scott Jordan Harris , writing for Roger Ebert 's website , says the film 's popularity lies in its ability to effectively convey two opposing themes appealing to different portions of society . He said , `` It argues that we should follow our hearts and chase happiness wherever it leads , regardless of the obstacles in our paths , while simultaneously suggesting we should respect the ways of our elders , particularly our parents , and do nothing that challenges their will '' . Rachel Dwyer said the film was important for presenting marriage as an understanding between parents and children . While fighting the old tradition of the arranged marriage , it

The song "Tujhe Dekha Toh Yeh Jana Sanam" is from the movie

Tujhe dekha toh yeh jana sanam movie name?

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the clouds to help an older Simba return to the Pride Lands and remember who he is as King . </P> <P> In The Lion Guard , Mufasa serves as a spirit guide to his grandson Kion . </P> <P> According to Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff , they knew that Jones ' voice was powerful and similar to the roar of a lion . Jones is scheduled to reprise his role in the upcoming live - action adaptation of the film directed by Jon Favreau . </P> <H3> Sarabi ( edit ) </H3> `` Sarabi '' redirects here . For other uses , see Sarabi ( disambiguation ) . <P> Sarabi ( voiced by Madge Sinclair ) is Mufasa 's mate , Simba 's mother and Kiara and Kion 's paternal grandmother . Her name means `` mirage '' in Swahili . In The Lion King , she serves as the Queen of Pride Rock . Years after Scar usurps the throne , Sarabi helps Simba fight against Scar and his hyenas . When Simba defeats Scar , Nala becomes Queen and Sarabi becomes the Queen Dowager . </P> <H3> Zazu ( edit ) </H3> <P> Zazu ( voiced by Rowan Atkinson in The Lion King , Edward Hibbert in Timon & Pumbaa , The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , and The Lion King 11⁄2 , and Jeff Bennett in The Lion Guard ) is a red - billed hornbill and majordomo to Mufasa and later Simba . After Mufasa 's death , Zazu becomes a prisoner of Scar before Pumbaa breaks the bone cage releasing him when Simba returns to the Pride Lands . He eventually acts as a scout and advises Simba on royal protocol . In the musical , Zazu is a puppet controlled by an actor dressed in blue striped clothes and a bowler hat , much like a stereotypical butler . Zazu 's blue feathers have been replaced with white and the puppet is partially constructed from parachute silk with a slinky contained in the neck for ease in movement . </P> <H3> Rafiki ( edit ) </H3> <P> Rafiki ( voiced by Robert Guillaume in the films and Timon & Pumbaa and Khary Payton in The Lion Guard ) , whose name means `` friend '' in Swahili , is a mandrill with an unnaturally long tail . He lives in a baobab tree in the Pride Lands and performs shamanistic services for the lions of Pride Rock . </P> <P> In The Lion King , Rafiki is introduced in the opening scene when he travels to Pride Rock to perform newborn Simba 's presentation ceremony . During the film , Rafiki sings a nonsense chant : `` Asante sana , squash banana , wewe nugu , mimi hapana . '' This is a Swahili playground rhyme which translates to `` Thank you very much ( squash banana ) , you 're a baboon and I 'm not ! '' Like `` hakuna matata '' ( no worries ) , the chant was heard by the filmmakers on their research trip to Kenya . Rafiki travels to the jungle where Simba lives with Timon and Pumbaa , and teaches him lessons about learning from the past : `` Yes , the past can hurt but , the way I see it you can either run from it , or learn from it '' . During the battle for Pride Rock , Rafiki saves Simba from a hyena . At the end of the film , Rafiki presents Simba and Nala 's newborn cub . </P> <P> In the sequel The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , Rafiki is more closely involved with the affairs and politics of the prides and is often seen with the lions . Mufasa 's spirit persuades him to bring Simba 's daughter Kiara and Zira 's son Kovu together as a way of uniting the prides . Rafiki tries to make them fall in love by singing to them about a place called `` Upendi '' , which means `` love '' in Swahili . In the end , he blesses the union of Kovu and Kiara , and Kovu is welcomed into the pride . Rafiki appears briefly in The Lion King 11⁄2 , teaching Timon the philosophy of `` Hakuna Matata '' , talking to Timon 's mother about her son , and later convincing Timon to follow Simba to Pride Rock to confront Scar . </P> <P> In the musical , the character of Rafiki was significantly modified . Because director Julie Taymor felt that the story lacked a strong female character , Rafiki was changed into a female mandrill and sangoma . She acts as narrator throughout the story , at one point speaking to the audience in a click language for comic effect . She sings the opening song `` Circle of Life '' , a keening song called `` Rafiki Mourns '' following Mufasa 's death , and a brief part in Nala 's song `` Shadowland '' , when she blesses Nala for her journey to find help . Instead of detecting Simba 's scent on dust , Rafiki hears Simba 's song `` Endless Night '' on the wind . Rafiki finds Simba and shows him that his father lives on in him through the song `` He Lives in You '' . She is present during the battle , fighting a hyena , and adorns Simba with the king 's mantle after his victory ; the play ends with her at the presentation of Simba and Nala 's newborn cub . </P> <P> Rafiki makes occasional appearances in the Timon and Pumbaa TV series and has his own segments called `` Rafiki Fables '' in the same show . He appears briefly in the Pride Lands world of Kingdom Hearts II . </P> <P> Rafiki serves as a recurring character in The Lion Guard , and takes on an apprentice named Makini in season 2 . </P> <H3> Shenzi , Banzai and Ed ( edit ) </H3> <P> Shenzi ( voiced by Whoopi Goldberg in the films and Tress MacNeille in Timon & Pumbaa and Kingdom Hearts II ) , Banzai ( voiced by Cheech Marin in the films and Kingdom Hearts II and Rob Paulsen in Timon & Pumbaa ) and Ed ( voiced by Jim Cummings ) are the three spotted hyenas who make up Scar 's henchmen . After Scar promises them that they will have food , the hyenas trigger the wildebeest stampede and chase Simba out of Pride Rock . When Simba returns to Pride Rock , Shenzi and Banzai are defeated by Pumbaa . The three turn on Scar when the latter tries to blame them for Mufasa 's death and the ruin of the Pride Lands , and eat him alive during a thunderstorm . </P> <H3> Gopher ( edit ) </H3> <P> Gopher ( voiced by Jim Cummings ) is a gopher who works for Zazu as an informant . In the film he is seen warning Zazu that the hyenas have invaded the Pride Lands . His scene is expanded in the 2003 special edition . He appears during the song The Morning Report and is spotted by Simba who tries to pounce him , but Gopher pops back inside the dirt . Gopher reappears , trying to get Mufasa 's attention , but Simba notices him again , to which the gopher hides back in the dirt . For the third time , Gopher reappears near a small rock , and Simba notices him again to try to pounce him , Gopher disappears to which Simba hits his head on the rock . </P> <P> The character is expanded in the television series . He acts as Zazu 's primary lieutenant , even sharing Zazu 's home within a large tree . He is seen reporting to Zazu on the movements of elephants . In one episode Gopher is temporarily given Zazu 's job after Zazu makes an error while counting the animal population . Cummings reprises his role for these episodes . </P> <H2> Introduced in Timon & Pumbaa ( 1995 -- 98 ) ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Quint ( edit ) </H3> <P> Quint ( voiced by Corey Burton ) is Timon and Pumbaa 's archenemy , a sneaky , muscular man with black hair , a pink nose , and a shaven face , and he has varying roles . His wears different clothes in each episode because of the different jobs he has , but he is often seen wearing a hat . He also has different first names that show what his jobs are ( in which they all happen to start with C ) . </P> <P> Quint is a con artist who tricks Timon into stealing a gold nugget Pumbaa found in the episode `` Yukon Con '' , a criminal who stole a suitcase that has $1,290,000 in the episode `` How to Beat the High Costa Rica '' , an evil clock inspector who wants to get revenge on a timekeeper in the episode `` Swiss Missed '' , a French chef who wants to make Speedy the Snail an escargot in the episode `` French Fried '' , etc . In the episode `` The Pain in Spain '' , two Quints are seen together , which may prove that there is more than one of him . </P> <P> In some episodes , Quint appears to be a respectable man with an honest job , but he still seems to annoy Timon and Pumbaa . Notably in Season 2 , Quint 's face appears to be clean - shaven , except in the episode `` Klondike Con '' when he becomes a gold thief . Also , in the episode `` Escape From Newark '' , his nose is the same color as his body for the first time . </P> <H3> Speedy the snail ( edit ) </H3> <P> Speedy ( voiced by Corey Burton ) is a talking grayish / bluish snail with a shiny red shell and a yellow fedora . Timon and Pumbaa plan to eat him at first , but his ability to speak and sing and his bon viveur , good - humored attitude gets him to become friends with them . Timon gives him the name `` Speedy '' , because he thinks that it would be a brilliant incongruity . Speedy always finds himself in danger , such as becoming a French gourmet snail and an earring out of his shell , and it 's always up for Timon and Pumbaa to save him . </P> <P> In the episode `` The Man from J.U.N.G.L.E. '' , Speedy is revealed to be a superhero called Super Duper Hero X after Timon and Pumbaa were captured by his nemesis Chromosome Quint . Every episode featuring Speedy end with Timon and Pumbaa saying bye to Speedy when they return him home , a seagull capturing Speedy , and then Timon and Pumbaa trying to save him once again . Speedy 's voice was based on that of Bing Crosby . Speedy also makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in the episode `` Washington Applesauce '' . </P> <H3> Fred ( edit ) </H3> <P> Fred ( voiced by S. Scott Bullock ) is a meerkat who is Timon 's other best friend back at the meerkat colony . He is a practical joker , employing such gags as the hand buzzer , the squirting flower , and the whoopee cushion . He also loved Timon 's hyena jokes . When Fred visits Timon and Pumbaa , he pulls more practical jokes on the duo , such as impersonating Timon 's mother or impersonating a Billy Goat guard . Timon and Pumbaa , however , do n't find Fred 's jokes very funny and they often overpower him . Aside from pulling practical jokes , Fred enjoys doing all sorts of activities , such as playing Turtle Tennis and Fishing for Flamingos . He also mentions that he and Timon have always gone Bowling for Buzzards

The name of the hyena in The Lion King is

What is the name of the hyena in lion king?

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Acts of the Apostles - wikipedia <H1> Acts of the Apostles </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the book in the Christian New Testament . For the literature genre , see Acts of the Apostles ( genre ) . For the acronym , see ACTS ( disambiguation ) . `` Acts '' redirects here . For uses of Act , see Act . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Books of the New Testament </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gospels </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Matthew </Li> <Li> Mark </Li> <Li> Luke </Li> <Li> John </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Acts </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Acts of the Apostles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Epistles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Romans 1 Corinthians 2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1 Peter 2 Peter 1 John 2 John 3 John Jude </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Apocalypse </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Revelation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Testament manuscripts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Acts of the Apostles ( Ancient Greek : Πράξεις τῶν Ἀποστόλων , Práxeis tôn Apostólōn ; Latin : Actūs Apostolōrum ) , often referred to simply as Acts , is the fifth book of the New Testament ; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire . </P> <P> Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two - part work , Luke -- Acts , by the same anonymous author , usually dated to around 80 -- 90 AD . The first part , the Gospel of Luke , tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world 's salvation through the life , death , and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth , the promised Messiah . Acts continues the story of Christianity in the 1st century , beginning with Jesus 's Ascension to Heaven . The early chapters , set in Jerusalem , describe the Day of Pentecost ( the coming of the Holy Spirit ) and the growth of the church in Jerusalem . Initially , the Jews are receptive to the Christian message , but soon they turn against the followers of Jesus . Rejected by the Jews , under the guidance of the Apostle Peter the message is taken to the Gentiles . The later chapters tell of Paul 's conversion , his mission in Asia Minor and the Aegean , and finally his imprisonment in Rome , where , as the book ends , he awaits trial . </P> <P> Luke -- Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem , namely how the Messiah of the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church ; the answer it provides , and its central theme , is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it . Luke -- Acts can be also seen as a defense of ( or `` apology '' for ) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews : the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences , with the Romans serving as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law . On the one hand Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews , and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion ; on the other , Luke seems unclear as to the future God intends for Jews and Christians , celebrating the Jewishness of Jesus and his immediate followers while also stressing how the Jews had rejected God 's promised Messiah . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Composition and setting <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Title , unity of Luke -- Acts , authorship and date </Li> <Li> 1.2 Genre , sources and historicity of Acts </Li> <Li> 1.3 Audience and authorial intent </Li> <Li> 1.4 Manuscripts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Structure and content <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Structure </Li> <Li> 2.2 Outline </Li> <Li> 2.3 Content </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Theology </Li> <Li> 4 Comparison with other writings <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Gospel of Luke </Li> <Li> 4.2 Pauline epistles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Composition and setting ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Authorship of Luke -- Acts Ministry of the Apostles : Russian icon by Fyodor Zubov , 1660 <H3> Title , Unity of Luke -- Acts , authorship and date ( edit ) </H3> <P> The title `` Acts of the Apostles '' ( Greek Πράξεις ἀποστόλων Praxeis Apostolon ) was first used by Irenaeus in the late 2nd century . It is not known whether this was an existing title or one invented by Irenaeus ; it does seem clear , however , that it was not given by the author . </P> <P> The Gospel of Luke and Acts make up a two - volume work which scholars call Luke -- Acts . Together they account for 27.5 % of the New Testament , the largest contribution attributed to a single author , providing the framework for both the Church 's liturgical calendar and the historical outline into which later generations have fitted their idea of the story of Jesus and the early church . </P> <P> The author is not named in either volume . According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century , he was the `` Luke '' named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself ; this view is still sometimes advanced , but `` a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters . '' ) ( An example can be seen by comparing Acts 's accounts of Paul 's conversion ( Acts 9 : 1 -- 31 , 22 : 6 -- 21 , and 26 : 9 -- 23 ) with Paul 's own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event ( Galatians 1 : 17 -- 24 ) . ) He admired Paul , but his theology was significantly different from Paul 's on key points and he does not ( in Acts ) represent Paul 's views accurately . He was educated , a man of means , probably urban , and someone who respected manual work , although not a worker himself ; this is significant , because more high - brow writers of the time looked down on the artisans and small business people who made up the early church of Paul and were presumably Luke 's audience . </P> <P> The earliest possible date for the composition of Acts is set by the events with which it ends , Paul 's imprisonment in Rome c. 63 AD , but an early date is now rarely put forward . The last possible date would be set by its first definite citation by another author , but there is no unanimity on this -- some scholars find echoes of Acts in a work from c. 95 AD called I Clement , while others see no indisputable citation until the middle of the 2nd century . The majority of scholars date Luke -- Acts to 80 -- 90 AD , on the grounds that it uses Mark as a source and looks back on the destruction of Jerusalem , and does not show any awareness of the letters of Paul ( which began circulating late in the century ) ; if , however , it does show awareness of Paul and also of Josephus , then a date early in the 2nd century is more likely . In either case , there is evidence that it was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century . </P> <H3> Genre , sources and historicity of Acts ( edit ) </H3> <P> Luke ( or more accurately the anonymous author of Luke -- Acts ) aligned his work , Luke -- Acts , to the `` narratives '' ( διήγησις , diēgēsis ) which many others had written , and described his own work as an `` orderly account '' ( ἀκριβῶς καθεξῆς ) . Acts , the second part , is widely thought of as a history , but it lacks exact analogies in Hellenistic or Jewish literature . The title `` Acts of the Apostles '' ( Praxeis Apostolon ) would seem to identify it with the genre telling of the deeds and achievements of great men ( praxeis ) , but it was not the title given by the author . </P> <P> Luke seems to have taken as his model the works of two respected Classical authors , Dionysius of Halicarnassus , who wrote a well - known history of Rome , and the Jewish historian Josephus , author of a history of the Jews . Like them , he anchors his history by dating the birth of the founder ( Romulus for Dionysius , Moses for Josephus , Jesus for Luke ) and like them he tells how the founder is born from God , taught authoritatively , and appeared to witnesses after death before ascending to heaven . By and large the sources for Acts can only be guessed at , but Luke would have had access to the Septuagint ( a Greek translation of the Jewish scriptures ) , the gospel of Mark and the collection of `` sayings of Jesus '' called the Q source . He transposed a few incidents from Mark 's gospel to the time of the Apostles -- for example , the material about `` clean '' and `` unclean '' foods in Mark 7 is used in Acts 10 , and Mark 's account of the accusation that Jesus has attacked the Temple ( Mark 14 : 58 ) is used in a story about Stephen ( Acts 6 : 14 ) . ) There are also points of contacts ( meaning suggestive parallels but something less than clear evidence ) with 1 Peter , the Letter to the Hebrews , and 1 Clement . Other sources can only be inferred from internal evidence -- the traditional explanation of the three `` we '' passages , for example , is that they represent eye - witness accounts . The search for such inferred sources was popular in the 19th century , but by the mid-20th it had largely been abandoned . </P> <P> Acts was read as a reliable history of the early church well into the post-Reformation era . By the 17th century , however , biblical scholars began to notice that it was incomplete and tendentious -- its picture of a harmonious church is quite at odds with that given by Paul 's letters , and it omits important events such as the deaths of both Peter and Paul . The mid-19th - century scholar Ferdinand Baur suggested that Luke had re-written history to present a united Peter and Paul and advance a single orthodoxy against the Marcionites . ( Marcion was a 2nd - century heretic who wished to cut Christianity off entirely from the Jews ) . Baur continues to have enormous influence , but today there is less interest in determining Luke 's historical accuracy ( although this has never died out ) than in understanding his theological program . </P> <H3> Audience and authorial intent ( edit ) </H3> <P> Luke was written to be read aloud to a group of Jesus - followers gathered in a house to share the Lord 's supper . The author assumes an educated Greek - speaking audience , but directs his attention to specifically Christian concerns rather than to the Greco - Roman world at large . He begins his gospel with a preface addressed to Theophilus , informing him of his intention to provide an `` ordered account '' of events which will lead his reader to `` certainty '' . He did not write in

The Book of Acts was written

Who is the book of acts written to?

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Pi Day - wikipedia <H1> Pi Day </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For National Pie Day , see American Pie Council § National Pie Day . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pi Day </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Larry Shaw , the organizer of the first Pi Day celebration at the Exploratorium in San Francisco . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Significance </Th> <Td> 3 , 1 , and 4 are the three most significant figures of π </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Celebrations </Th> <Td> Pie eating , discussions about π </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> March 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Next time </Th> <Td> March 14 , 2019 ( 2019 - 03 - 14 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Td> Annual </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related to </Th> <Td> Pi Approximation Day </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series of articles on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> mathematical constant π </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 ... </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Area of a circle </Li> <Li> Circumference </Li> <Li> Use in other formulae </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Properties </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Irrationality </Li> <Li> Transcendence </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Value </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Less than 22 / 7 </Li> <Li> Approximations </Li> <Li> Memorization </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> People </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Archimedes </Li> <Li> Liu Hui </Li> <Li> Zu Chongzhi </Li> <Li> Aryabhata </Li> <Li> Madhava </Li> <Li> Ludolph van Ceulen </Li> <Li> Seki Takakazu </Li> <Li> Takebe Kenko </Li> <Li> William Jones </Li> <Li> John Machin </Li> <Li> William Shanks </Li> <Li> Srinivasa Ramanujan </Li> <Li> John Wrench </Li> <Li> Chudnovsky brothers </Li> <Li> Yasumasa Kanada </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chronology </Li> <Li> Book </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> In culture </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Legislation </Li> <Li> Pi Day </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related topics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Squaring the circle </Li> <Li> Basel problem </Li> <Li> Six nines in π </Li> <Li> Other topics related to π </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Pi Day is an annual celebration of the mathematical constant π ( pi ) . Pi Day is observed on March 14 ( 3 / 14 in the month / day format ) since 3 , 1 , and 4 are the first three significant digits of π . In 2009 , the United States House of Representatives supported the designation of Pi Day . </P> <P> Pi Approximation Day is observed on July 22 ( 22 / 7 in the day / month format ) , since the fraction ​ ⁄ is a common approximation of π , which is accurate to two decimal places and dates from Archimedes . </P> <P> Two Pi Day , also known as Tau Day , is lightly observed on June 28 ( 6 / 28 in the month / day format ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Observance </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1988 , the earliest known official or large - scale celebration of Pi Day was organized by Larry Shaw at the San Francisco Exploratorium , where Shaw worked as a physicist , with staff and public marching around one of its circular spaces , then consuming fruit pies . The Exploratorium continues to hold Pi Day celebrations . </P> <P> On March 12 , 2009 , the U.S. House of Representatives passed a non-binding resolution ( 111 H. Res. 224 ) , recognizing March 14 , 2009 as National Pi Day . For Pi Day 2010 , Google presented a Google Doodle celebrating the holiday , with the word Google laid over images of circles and pi symbols ; and for the 30th anniversary in 2018 , it was a Dominique Ansel pie with the circumference divided by its diameter . </P> <P> The entire month of March 2014 ( 3 / 14 ) was observed by some as `` Pi Month '' . In the year 2015 , Pi Day had special significance on 3 / 14 / 15 ( month / day / year date format ) at 9 : 26 : 53 a.m. and also at p.m. , with the date and time representing the first 10 digits of π . </P> <H2> Observance ( edit ) </H2> <P> Pi Day has been observed in many ways , including eating pie , throwing pies and discussing the significance of the number π , due to a pun based on the words `` pi '' and `` pie '' being homophones in English ( / paɪ / ) , and the coincidental circular nature of a pie . </P> <P> Massachusetts Institute of Technology has often mailed its application decision letters to prospective students for delivery on Pi Day . Starting in 2012 , MIT has announced it will post those decisions ( privately ) online on Pi Day at exactly 6 : 28 pm , which they have called `` Tau Time '' , to honor the rival numbers pi and tau equally . In 2015 , the regular decisions were put online at 9 : 26 AM , following that year 's `` pi minute '' . June 28 is `` Two Pi Day '' , also known as `` Tau Day '' . 2π , also known by the Greek letter tau ( τ ) is a common multiple in mathematical formulae . Some have argued that τ is the more fundamental constant , and that Tau Day should be celebrated instead . Celebrations of this date jokingly suggest eating `` twice the pie '' . </P> <P> Princeton , New Jersey , hosts numerous events in a combined celebration of Pi Day and Albert Einstein 's birthday , which is also March 14 . Einstein lived in Princeton for more than twenty years while working at the Institute for Advanced Study . In addition to pie eating and recitation contests , there is an annual Einstein look - alike contest . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Pi Pie at Delft University </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Blackberry Pi Pie </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A grocery store selling pies for 3.14 dollars , Pi Day 2015 </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Mole Day </Li> <Li> Sequential time </Li> <Li> Square Root Day </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Landau , Elizabeth ( March 12 , 2010 ) . `` On Pi Day , one number ' reeks of mystery ' '' . CNN . Retrieved March 14 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bellos , Alex ( March 14 , 2015 ) . `` Pi Day 2015 : a sweet treat for maths fans '' . theguardian.com . Retrieved March 14 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Program on Sveriges Radio -- Swedish national radio company Read March 14 , 2015 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : United States . Cong . House . Supporting the designation of Pi Day , and for other purposes . 111th Cong . Library of Congress . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pi Approximation Day is celebrated today '' . Today In History . Verizon Foundation . Retrieved January 30 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Tau Day : Why you should eat twice the pie -- Light Years -- CNN.com Blogs Archived 12 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Berton , Justin ( March 11 , 2009 ) . `` Any way you slice it , pi 's transcendental '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved March 18 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Borwein , Jonathan ( March 10 , 2011 ) . `` The infinite appeal of pi '' . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Retrieved March 13 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Apollo , Adrian ( March 10 , 2007 ) . `` A place where learning pi is a piece of cake '' ( PDF ) . The Fresno Bee . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Exploratorium 22nd Annual Pi Day '' . Exploratorium . Retrieved January 31 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McCullagh , Declan ( March 11 , 2009 ) . `` National Pi Day ? Congress makes it official '' . Politics and Law . CNET News . Retrieved March 14 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pi Day '' . Google Doodles . Google . Retrieved October 9 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 30th Anniversary of Pi Day ! '' . www.google.com . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Main , Douglas ( March 14 , 2014 ) . `` It 's Not Just Pi Day , It 's Pi Month ! '' . Popular Science . Retrieved July 22 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pi Month Celebration & Circle of Discovery Award Presentation College of Computer , Mathematical , and Natural Sciences '' . Cmns.umd.edu . March 11 , 2014 . Retrieved July 22 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ro , Sam ( March 13 , 2014 ) . `` March 14 , 2015 Will Be A Once - In - A-Century Thrill For Math Geeks '' . Business Insider . Retrieved March 13 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Smith , K.N. `` Wednesday 's Google Doodle Celebrates Pi Day '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McClan , Erin ( March 14 , 2007 ) . `` Pi fans meet March 14 ( 3.14 , get it ? ) '' . msnbc.com . Retrieved January 24 , 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` I have SMASHING news ! '' . MIT Admissions . Retrieved March 12 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McGann , Matt . `` Pi Day , Tau Time '' . MIT Admissions . Retrieved March 18 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Keep your eyes to the skies this Pi Day '' . MIT Admissions . Retrieved March 14 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` It 's Pi Day today . But these people say we should refuse to celebrate it '' . The Independent . March 13 , 2018 . Retrieved March 14 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pi Day Turns 25 : Why We Celebrate an Irrational Number '' . March 14 , 2013 . Retrieved March 14 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bartholomew , Randyn Charles . `` Why Tau Trumps Pi '' . Scientific American . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Landau , Elizabeth . `` In case Pi Day was n't enough , it 's now ' Tau Day ' on the Internet '' . CNN . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tau Day - Come Eat Twice the ( Pi ) e '' . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Princeton Pi Day & Einstein Birthday Party '' . Princeton Regional Convention and Visitors Bureau . Retrieved March 14 , 2013 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pi Day . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Exploratorium 's Pi Day Web Site </Li> <Li> NPR provides a `` Pi Rap '' audiovideo </Li> <Li> Pi Day </Li> <Li> Professor Lesser 's Pi Day page </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Events commemorating achievements in the sciences </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Anniversary celebrations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alfred Russel Wallace centenary

We have been celebrating Pi Day since

How long have we been celebrating pi day?

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Holy See -- European Union relations - wikipedia <H1> Holy See -- European Union relations </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> European -- Vatican relations <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> EU </Th> <Th> Vatican City </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> </Table> <P> Holy See - European Union relations is the relationship between the European Union ( EU ) and the Holy See ( or Vatican City ) . This is framed by the Holy See 's geography ( within an EU state capital ) while being unable to join . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Cooperation </Li> <Li> 2 Representations </Li> <Li> 3 Points of tension </Li> <Li> 4 Membership </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Cooperation ( edit ) </H2> <P> According to the EU 's Copenhagen criteria which define what states are eligible to join the EU , a candidate state must be a free market democracy . Given that the Holy See is a theocracy it does not meet the criteria . However , as it is so small , and surrounded by an EU state ( Italy ) , it is intrinsically linked to the EU . Vatican City has an open border with the EU and intends to join the Schengen Information System . It also uses the euro as its sole currency and has an agreement with the EU allowing them to mint their own coins . The EU gave Italy authority to negotiate a deal with the Holy See in 2000 which allowed the Holy See to mint a maximum of € 670,000 . After a review of the arrangements , a new agreement came into force in 2010 which allowed the Holy See to mint € 1 million a year ( plus up to an additional € 300,000 on special occasions ) . </P> <P> Vatican City is not part of the EU 's customs union or its VAT area like some other small European states are . However Vatican City is exempt from duties and taxes and the small amount of goods exported from Vatican City are exempt from duty . </P> <H2> Representations ( edit ) </H2> <P> The first representative from the Holy See , an Apostolic Nuncio , was accredited to the EU in 1970 . The role of the EU 's representative to the Holy See is accorded to the EU representative to the UN in Rome : currently Ambassador Yves Gazzo . The first EU representative to the Holy See was Luis Ritto , accredited in 2006 . This accreditation followed a visit by Commission President José Manuel Barroso who wished to create open full diplomatic relations between the two . </P> <H2> Points of tension ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some of the more recent events in the relationship have been ; </P> <Ul> <Li> A disagreement over whether to include a reference to Europe 's Christian heritage in the European Constitution </Li> <Li> The European Parliament refused to ratify Rocco Buttiglione as a European Commissioner because he backed the Catholic Church 's view on homosexuality </Li> <Li> The European Union endorsed the Sandbaek Report , increasing funding for abortion </Li> <Li> The funding of stem cell research by the European Union </Li> <Li> The European Parliament passed a motion calling for the compulsory recognition of same - sex unions across the European Union </Li> </Ul> <H2> Membership ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Vatican City ( the smallest state in the world ) is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal - monarchical state , and as such does not have the democratic credentials to join the EU ( Art . 49 TEU ) and is unlikely to attain them given its unique status . Additionally its economy is also of a unique non-commercial nature . Overall , the mission of the Vatican City state , which is tied to the mission of the Holy See , has little to do with the objectives of the EU Treaty . Thus EU membership is not discussed , even though it is in the heart of an EU member state . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Vatican City portal </Li> <Li> European Union portal </Li> <Li> International relations portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Holy See -- Italy relations </Li> <Li> Religion in the European Union </Li> <Li> Microstates and the European Union </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ The Holy See and the State of the Vatican City are not synonymous , however the ultimate authority of each in terms of international relations have the same impact in terms of the topics discussed in this article </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Holy See ( Vatican ) , European External Action Service </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Work with the Holy See , EU delegation in Rome </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` BBC NEWS - Europe - Pope presses EU on constitution '' . Retrieved 17 April 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` BBC NEWS - Europe - EU row candidate stands down '' . Retrieved 17 April 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ EU funds must not be used for abortions in developing countries , Commission of the Bishop 's Conferences of the European Commission , Press Release , 13 February 2003 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Roman Catholic Church Outraged at EU Stem Cell Funding Decision - Christian News on Christian Today '' . Retrieved 17 April 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Texts adopted - Wednesday , 14 June 2006 - Non-discrimination and equal opportunities for all - P6_TA ( 2006 ) 0261 '' . Retrieved 17 April 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ European Parliament calls for legal recognition of same - sex unions in all EU states , 27 June 2006 , euro - fam </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Holy See ( Vatican City ) '' . CIA -- The World Factbook . Retrieved 13 August 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Vatican City '' . Catholic-Pages.com . Archived from the original on 22 September 2013 . Retrieved 12 August 2013 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` EU Enlargement and the Failure of Conditionality '' ( European Monographs # 59 ) , by Dimitry Kochenov , Kluwer Law International , 2008 , p. 25 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> EU delegation in Rome </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Foreign relations of the European Union </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Bilateral relations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> See also : Economic relationships with third countries </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Africa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cape Verde </Li> <Li> Libya </Li> <Li> Morocco </Li> <Li> South Africa </Li> <Li> Tunisia </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Americas </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Argentina </Li> <Li> Brazil </Li> <Li> Canada </Li> <Li> Cuba </Li> <Li> Greenland </Li> <Li> Mexico </Li> <Li> United States </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Asia </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bangladesh </Li> <Li> China ( People 's Republic of ) </Li> <Li> India </Li> <Li> Indonesia </Li> <Li> Japan </Li> <Li> Kazakhstan </Li> <Li> Malaysia </Li> <Li> Nepal </Li> <Li> New Zealand </Li> <Li> North Korea </Li> <Li> Pakistan </Li> <Li> Philippines </Li> <Li> South Korea </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Europe </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Albania </Li> <Li> Andorra </Li> <Li> Armenia </Li> <Li> Azerbaijan </Li> <Li> Belarus </Li> <Li> Bosnia and Herzegovina </Li> <Li> Faroe Islands </Li> <Li> Georgia </Li> <Li> Iceland </Li> <Li> Kosovo † </Li> <Li> Liechtenstein </Li> <Li> Macedonia </Li> <Li> Moldova </Li> <Li> Monaco </Li> <Li> Montenegro </Li> <Li> Northern Cyprus ( Turkish Republic of ) † </Li> <Li> Norway </Li> <Li> Russia </Li> <Li> San Marino </Li> <Li> Serbia </Li> <Li> Switzerland </Li> <Li> Turkey </Li> <Li> Ukraine </Li> <Li> Vatican City </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Middle East </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bahrain </Li> <Li> Iran </Li> <Li> Iraq </Li> <Li> Israel </Li> <Li> Jordan </Li> <Li> Lebanon </Li> <Li> Palestine † </Li> <Li> Syria </Li> <Li> Yemen </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Oceania </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Australia </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Members ' overseas territories </Li> <Li> Largest trading partners </Li> <Li> Association Agreements </Li> <Li> Free trade agreements </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> † = Disputed state , may not be recognised as an independent state by some or all European Union members . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Multilateral relations and initiatives </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Organisations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Arab League </Li> <Li> ASEAN </Li> <Li> Commonwealth </Li> <Li> Council of Europe </Li> <Li> ECHR </Li> <Li> G8 </Li> <Li> ICC </Li> <Li> IOC </Li> <Li> UN </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Initiatives </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> African , Caribbean and Pacific Group of States </Li> <Li> Asia -- Europe Meeting </Li> <Li> CARIFORUM </Li> <Li> Customs Union </Li> <Li> Eastern Partnership </Li> <Li> Energy Community </Li> <Li> Euro - Latin American Parliamentary Assembly </Li> <Li> European Common Aviation Area </Li> <Li> European Economic Area </Li> <Li> Euro - Mediterranean free trade area </Li> <Li> Euro - Mediterranean Partnership </Li> <Li> Euronest </Li> <Li> Economic Partnership Agreements </Li> <Li> EU CBRN Risk Mitigation CoE Initiative </Li> <Li> Neighbourhood Policy </Li> <Li> Northern Dimension </Li> <Li> Mediterranean Union </Li> <Li> Stabilisation and Association Process </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Administration and policies </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Foreign and Security Policy </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Security Strategy </Li> <Li> Everything but Arms </Li> <Li> Security and Defence Policy </Li> <Li> Enlargement </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Administration </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department </Li> <Li> Directorate - General for International Cooperation and Development </Li> <Li> External Action Service </Li> <Li> Foreign Affairs Council </Li> <Li> High Representative ( Federica Mogherini ) </Li> <Li> Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee </Li> <Li> Foreign Policy Instruments Service </Li> <Li> Diplomatic missions of the EU ( ambassadors ) / to the EU </Li> <Li> Special Representatives </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leadership </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> High Representative </Li> <Li> Director General of the Military Staff </Li> <Li> Chairman of the Military Committee </Li> <Li> European Council </Li> <Li> Foreign Affairs Council </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Organisation </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> External Action Service </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Military Staff ( Military Planning and Conduct Capability ) </Li> <Li> Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability </Li> <Li> Intelligence and Situation Centre ( Club de Berne ) </Li> <Li> Crisis Management and Planning Directorate </Li> <Li> Security & Defence College </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Agencies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Defence Agency </Li> <Li> Border and Coast Guard Agency </Li> <Li> Institute for Security Studies </Li> <Li> Satellite Centre </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Council preparatory bodies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Committee of Permanent Representatives </Li> <Li> Political and Security Committee </Li> <Li> Politico - Military Group </Li> <Li> Military Committee </Li> <Li> Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Policies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Global Strategy </Li> <Li> Defence Fund </Li> <Li> Annual Review </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other arrangements </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Permanent Structured Cooperation ( PESCO ; TEU , Article 42.6 ) </Li> <Li> Headline Goal 2010 </Li> <Li> Berlin Plus agreement </Li> <Li> Military Erasmus </Li> <Li> Military Mobility ( PESCO ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Forces </Th>

To be part of the European Union,

Who is allowed to be apart of the european union?

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David McCallum - wikipedia <H1> David McCallum </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other people named David McCallum , see David McCallum ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> David McCallum </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> McCallum at the 8th Annual Marine Corps Historic Half ( MCHH ) in Fredericksburg , Virginia , 17 May 2015 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> David Keith McCallum , Jr . ( 1933 - 09 - 19 ) 19 September 1933 ( age 84 ) Glasgow , Lanarkshire , Scotland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> Royal Academy of Dramatic Art </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor , musician </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1947 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Known for </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Illya Kuryakin ( The Man from U.N.C.L.E. ) </Li> <Li> Steel ( Sapphire & Steel ) </Li> <Li> Dr. Donald `` Ducky '' Mallard ( NCIS ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jill Ireland ( m . 1957 -- 1967 , divorced ) </Li> <Li> Katherine Carpenter ( m . 1967 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> David Keith McCallum , Jr. ( born 19 September 1933 ) is a Scottish - American actor and musician . He first gained recognition in the 1960s for playing secret agent Illya Kuryakin in the television series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and as interdimensional operative Steel in Sapphire & Steel . </P> <P> In recent years , McCallum has gained renewed international recognition and popularity for his role as NCIS medical examiner Dr. Donald `` Ducky '' Mallard in the American television series NCIS . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 The Man from U.N.C.L.E. </Li> <Li> 2.2 After The Man from U.N.C.L.E. </Li> <Li> 2.3 NCIS </Li> <Li> 2.4 Music </Li> <Li> 2.5 Fiction </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> McCallum was born in Maryhill , Glasgow , the second of two sons of Dorothy Dorman , a cellist , and orchestral violinist David McCallum Sr. When he was three , his family moved to London for his father to play as concertmaster in the London Philharmonic Orchestra . Early in the Second World War , he was evacuated back to Scotland , where he lived with his mother at Gartocharn by Loch Lomond . </P> <P> McCallum won a scholarship to University College School , a boys ' independent school in Hampstead , London , where , encouraged by his parents to prepare for a career in music , he played the oboe . In 1946 he began doing boy voices for the BBC radio repertory company . Also involved in local amateur drama , at age 17 , he appeared as Oberon in an open - air production of A Midsummer Night 's Dream with the Play and Pageant Union . He left school at age 18 and was conscripted , joining the 3rd Battalion the Middlesex Regiment , which was seconded to the Royal West African Frontier Force . In March 1954 he was promoted to Lieutenant . After leaving the army he attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ( also in London ) , where Joan Collins was a classmate . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1951 McCallum became assistant stage manager of the Glyndebourne Opera Company . He began his acting career doing boy voices for BBC Radio in 1947 and began taking bit parts in British films from the late 1950s . His first acting role was in Whom the Gods Love , Die Young playing a doomed royal . A James Dean - themed photograph of McCallum caught the attention of the Rank Organisation , who signed him in 1956 . However , in an interview with Alan Titchmarsh broadcast on 3 November 2010 , McCallum stated that he had actually held his Equity card since 1946 . </P> <P> Early roles included a juvenile delinquent in Violent Playground ( 1957 ) , an outlaw in Robbery Under Arms , ( 1957 ) and as junior RMS Titanic radio operator Harold Bride in A Night to Remember ( 1958 ) . His first American film was Freud : The Secret Passion ( 1962 ) , directed by John Huston , which was shortly followed by a role in Peter Ustinov 's Billy Budd . McCallum played Lt Cdr Eric Ashley - Pitt ( e.g. , `` Dispersal '' ) in The Great Escape , which was released in 1963 . He took the role of Judas Iscariot in 1965 's The Greatest Story Ever Told . Other television roles included two appearances on The Outer Limits and a guest appearance on Perry Mason in 1964 as defendant Phillipe Bertain in `` The Case of the Fifty Millionth Frenchman '' . </P> <H3> The Man from U.N.C.L.E. ( edit ) </H3> McCallum as Illya Kuryakin <P> The Man from U.N.C.L.E. , intended as a vehicle for Robert Vaughn , made McCallum into a sex symbol , his Beatle - style blond haircut providing a trendy contrast to Vaughn 's more conventional clean cut appearance . McCallum 's role as the mysterious Russian agent Illya Kuryakin was originally conceived as a peripheral one . McCallum , however , took the opportunity to construct a complex character whose appeal rested largely in what was shadowy and enigmatic about him . Kuryakin 's popularity with the audience and Vaughn 's and McCallum 's on - screen chemistry were quickly recognized by the producers , and McCallum was elevated to co-star status . </P> <P> Although the show aired at the height of the Cold War , McCallum 's Russian alter ego became a pop culture phenomenon . The actor was inundated with fan letters , and a Beatles - like frenzy followed him everywhere he went . While playing Kuryakin , McCallum received more fan mail than any other actor in Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer 's history , including such popular MGM stars as Clark Gable and Elvis Presley . Hero worship even led to a record , Love Ya , Illya , performed by Alma Cogan under the name Angela and the Fans , which was a pirate radio hit in Britain in 1966 . A 1990s rock - rap group from Argentina named itself Illya Kuryaki and the Valderramas in honour of The Man From U.N.C.L.E. character . </P> <P> McCallum received two Emmy Award nominations in the course of the show 's four - year run ( 1964 -- 68 ) for playing the intellectual and introverted secret agent . </P> <P> McCallum and Vaughn reprised their roles of Kuryakin and Solo in a 1983 TV film , Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E. . In 1986 McCallum reunited with Robert Vaughn again in an episode of The A-Team entitled `` The Say U.N.C.L.E. Affair '' , complete with `` chapter titles '' , the word `` affair '' in the title , the phrase `` Open Channel D '' , and similar scene transitions . </P> <P> In an interview for a retrospective television special , David McCallum told of a visit to the White House during which , while he was being escorted to meet the U.S. president , a Secret Service agent told him , `` You 're the reason I got this job . '' </P> <H3> After the Man from U.N.C.L.E. ( edit ) </H3> McCallum in 1969 <P> McCallum never quite repeated the popular success he had gained as Kuryakin until NCIS , though he did become a familiar face on British television in such shows as Colditz ( 1972 -- 74 ) , Kidnapped ( 1978 ) , and ITV 's science - fiction series Sapphire & Steel ( 1979 -- 82 ) opposite Joanna Lumley . In 1975 he played the title character in a short - lived U.S. version of The Invisible Man . </P> <P> McCallum appeared on stage in Australia in Run for Your Wife ( 1987 -- 88 ) , and the production toured the country . Other members of the cast were Jack Smethurst , Eric Sykes and Katy Manning . </P> <P> McCallum starred with Diana Rigg in the 1989 TV miniseries Mother Love . In 1991 and 1992 McCallum played gambler John Grey , one of the principal characters in the television series Trainer . He also appeared as a British double agent in a 1989 episode of Murder She Wrote . In the 1990s McCallum guest - starred in two U.S. television series . In season 1 of seaQuest DSV , he appeared as the law - enforcement officer Frank Cobb of the fictional Broken Ridge of the Ausland Confederation , an underwater mining camp off the coast of Australia by the Great Barrier Reef ; he also had a guest - star role in one episode of Babylon 5 . </P> <P> In 1994 McCallum narrated the acclaimed documentaries Titanic : The Complete Story for A&E Networks . This was the second project about the Titanic on which he had worked : the first was the 1958 film A Night to Remember , in which he had had a small role . </P> <P> In the same year McCallum hosted and narrated the TV special Ancient Prophecies . This special , which was followed soon after by three others , told of people and places historically associated with foretelling the end of the world and the beginnings of new eras for mankind . </P> <H3> NCIS ( edit ) </H3> McCallum in October 2012 . <P> Since 2003 McCallum has starred in the CBS television series NCIS as Dr. Donald `` Ducky '' Mallard , the team 's chief medical examiner and one of the show 's most popular characters . In Season 2 Episode 13 `` The Meat Puzzle '' , NCIS agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs ( Mark Harmon ) is asked , `` What did Ducky look like when he was younger ? '' Gibbs replies , `` Illya Kuryakin '' . </P> <P> According to the behind - the - scenes feature on the 2006 DVD of NCIS season 1 , McCallum became an expert in forensics to play Mallard , including appearing at medical examiner conventions . In the feature , Donald P. Bellisario says that McCallum 's knowledge became so vast that at the time of the interview he was considering making him a technical adviser on the show . </P> <P> McCallum appeared at the 21st Annual James Earl Ash Lecture , held 19 May 2005 at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology , an evening for honouring America 's service members . His lecture , `` Reel to Real Forensics '' , with Cmdr . Craig T. Mallak , U.S. Armed Forces medical examiner , featured a presentation comparing the real - life work of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner staff with that of the fictional naval investigators appearing on NCIS . </P> <P> In late April 2012 it was announced that McCallum had reached agreement on a two - year contract extension with CBS - TV . The move meant that he would remain an NCIS regular past his eightieth birthday . In May 2014 he signed another two - year contract . </P> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the 1960s , McCallum recorded four albums for Capitol Records with music producer David Axelrod : Music ... A Part of Me ( Capitol ST 2432 , 1966 ) , Music ... A Bit More of Me ( Capitol ST 2498 , 1966 ) , Music ... It 's Happening Now ! ( Capitol ST 2651 , 1967 ) , and McCallum ( Capitol ST 2748 , 1968 ) . The best known of

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did criticize its subplots ( calling them nonsensical ) and felt Doomsday was terribly designed , disagreeing with Sims that it was a definitive Superman story . Salvatore felt it had missed opportunities and criticized the Justice League 's role in the story , comparing them to punching bags . Both Salvatore and Nevett thought Doomsday came out of nowhere , and Nevett joked he was a `` walking plot device '' rather than a true villain . </P> <H3> Legacy in comics ( edit ) </H3> <P> `` The Death of Superman '' had an immediate effect on DC 's comics . After its success , DC began a series of events that resulted in its most iconic heroes being killed or disabled . Batman followed shortly afterward , with the `` Knightfall '' crossover , followed by Wonder Woman , Green Lantern , Green Arrow , and the Flash . Green Lantern 's event , `` Emerald Twilight '' , in which he turned into the villain Parallax , was directly caused by events that occurred during `` The Death of Superman '' . `` With the industry in freefall , '' wrote Weldon , `` it did n't matter much to DC that death / disabling stunts offered only brief sales spikes . '' </P> <P> The characters established during `` The Death of Superman '' -- Doomsday , Steel , Superboy , and the Cyborg Superman -- would all become recurring characters in DC 's comics . Superboy and Steel both received their own ongoing series after the story 's conclusion and Steel went on to star in his own movie , in which he was portrayed by Superman fan Shaquille O'Neal . Superboy remained a fixture of the DC Universe until he was killed in Infinite Crisis ( 2005 -- 2006 ) . The Cyborg Superman became a recurring nemesis of Superman and Green Lantern . Doomsday 's origin story was explored in Superman / Doomsday : Hunter / Prey ( 1995 ) and the character returned in later storylines , most notably in `` Reign of Doomsday '' ( 2011 ) , which heavily references `` The Death of Superman '' and features Doomsday hunting down Steel , Superboy , Eradicator , and the Cyborg Superman . </P> <P> In 2011 , DC relaunched its entire comics line in an initiative called the New 52 , which revamped the DC Universe and erased certain events . Superman was altered considerably , being shorter - tempered and was no longer in love with Lois Lane . However , `` The Death of Superman '' remained intact in the new DC Universe . </P> <H2> In other media ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Roger Stern wrote a novelization of `` The Death of Superman '' , The Death and Life of Superman , in 1993 ( hardcover ISBN 0 - 553 - 09582 - X ; paperback ISBN 0 - 553 - 56930 - 9 ) . A young adult book was written by Louise Simonson under the title Superman : Doomsday & Beyond and released at the same time as the hardcover of Death and Life . It features cover art by Alex Ross ( ISBN 0 - 553 - 48168 - 1 ) . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> A video game based on the story , The Death and Return of Superman , was developed by Blizzard Entertainment and Sunsoft and released in 1994 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and 1995 for the Sega Genesis . The Death and Return of Superman is a side - scrolling beat ' em up in which the player controls Superman , Superboy , Steel , Eradicator , and the Cyborg Superman as they attempt to save Metropolis . Nintendo Life 's Dave Cook considered it the game that `` finally ( gave ) Superman the video game justice he deserves in what is undoubtedly one of his most celebrated stories '' and IGN 's Greg Miller called it one of his favorite games and said it was what inspired him to become a video game journalist . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> In the wake of `` The Death of Superman '' , Warner Bros. acquired the rights to produce Superman films . It hired Jon Peters to write a script for a sequel to Superman IV : The Quest for Peace . The film , called Superman Reborn , would have heavily borrowed from `` The Death of Superman '' , including the fight - to - the - death between Superman and Doomsday . However , Warner Bros. disliked the script due to its similar themes to Batman Forever ( 1995 ) . Later script rewrites altered the story considerably and the film ultimately never came to fruition . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> In 2007 , an animated adaptation , Superman : Doomsday , was released direct - to - video . Superman : Doomsday is only loosely based on `` The Death of Superman '' ; in order to fit it within a 75 - minute runtime , the story was condensed and greatly altered . The film was a commercial success and started the DC Universe Original Animated Movies line of direct - to - video releases . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice ( 2016 ) draws narrative elements from `` The Death of Superman '' . In the film 's climax , Lex Luthor uses forbidden Kryptonian genetic engineering projects to combine General Zod 's corpse with his own DNA , causing Doomsday 's creation . Using a Kryptonite spear , Superman stabs Doomsday , but Doomsday stabs Superman in return with a bone spur emerging from his right wrist after Wonder Woman cut off the monster 's hand , resulting in both combatants dying in the battle . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> In 2017 , DC announced a two - part animated adaptation , The Death of Superman and Reign of the Supermen , to be released as part of the DC Universe Original Animated Movies line in late 2018 and early 2019 . The new adaptation will be more faithful to the original story ; according to DC 's Tim Beedle , the film is `` much less condensed and will include many of the fan - favorite moments from the story that were left out of Doomsday . '' </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Andrae , Thomas ( August 1983 ) . `` Of Supermen and Kids with Dreams '' . Nemo : The Classic Comics Library ( 2 ) . Gary G. Groth . pp. 6 -- 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Muir , John Kenneth ( July 2008 ) . The Encyclopedia of Superheroes on Film and Television . McFarland & Co. p. 539 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7864 - 3755 - 9 . Archived from the original on December 30 , 2011 . Retrieved May 31 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Tye , Larry ( 2012 ) . Superman : The High - Flying History of America 's Most Enduring Hero . Random House New York . ISBN 978 - 1 - 58836 - 918 - 5 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Weldon , Glen ( 2016 ) . The Caped Crusade : Batman and the Rise of Nerd Culture . Simon & Schuster . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4767 - 5669 - 1 . Retrieved September 10 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ching , Albert ( February 18 , 2016 ) . `` EXCLUSIVE : Geoff Johns Details `` Rebirth '' Plan , Seeks to Restore Legacy to DC Universe `` . Comic Book Resources . Retrieved March 23 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle . Dorling Kindersley. 2010 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7566 - 6742 - 9 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Tucker , Reed ( October 2017 ) . Slugfest . New York City : Da Capo Press . p. 157 . ISBN 0306825473 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Tucker , Reed ( October 2017 ) . Slugfest . New York City : Da Capo Press . p. 155 . ISBN 0306825473 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thomas , Michael ( August 22 , 2000 ) . `` John Byrne : The Hidden Answers '' . Comic Book Resources . Retrieved April 17 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Polo , Susana ( November 14 , 2017 ) . `` The death and resurrection of Superman , explained '' . Polygon . Retrieved April 17 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Potts , Mark ( September 5 , 1992 ) . `` Superman 's Last Leap '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved April 18 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Riesman , Abraham ( March 29 , 2016 ) . `` How a Group of Desperate Comics Creators Hatched Doomsday , Superman 's Deadliest Foe '' . Vulture . Retrieved April 17 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Superman : Doomsday Disc Two : Special Features ( Interview with the Superman writing team ) . Warner Bros. November 25 , 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Look , Up in the Sky : The Amazing Story of Superman ( Interview with Mike Carlin ) . Warner Bros. June 20 , 2006 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Steinbeiser , Andrew ( November 20 , 2014 ) . `` Throwback Thursdays : Dan Jurgens Remembers The Death Of Superman '' . ComicBook.com . Retrieved April 17 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Jurgens , Dan ( September 12 , 2007 ) . The Death and Return of Superman Omnibus . DC Comics . ISBN 1401215505 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Sims , Chris ( November 17 , 2015 ) . `` The Biggest Event Of All Time : ' The Death of Superman ' '' . ComicsAlliance . Retrieved April 18 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitbrook , James ( April 12 , 2016 ) . `` What Happened the Last Time Superman Died '' . io9 . Retrieved April 17 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ginocchio , Mark ( June 14 , 2013 ) . `` Gimmick or Good ? -- Adventures of Superman # 500 '' . Comic Book Resources . Retrieved April 17 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kessel , Karl ( October 1993 ) . `` Reign of the Superman ! '' . The Adventures of Superman . DC Comics ( 505 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jasper , Gavin ( January 13 , 2018 ) . `` Saturday Night Live : The 10 Best Superhero Skits '' . Den of Geek . Retrieved April 18 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Miller , John Jackson ( December 12 , 2005 ) . `` The 1900s : 10 biggest events from 100 years in comics '' . Comic Buyer 's Guide . Archived from the original on October 26 , 2007 . Retrieved April 18 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Wizard Market Watch '' . Wizard ( 22 ) . June 1993 . pp. 134 -- 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1992 Comic Book Sales Figures '' . The Comics Chronicles . Archived from the original on December 6 , 2012 . Retrieved December 6 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 1993 Comic Book Sales Figures '' . The Comics Chronicles . Archived from the original on December 6 , 2012 . Retrieved December 6 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Scully , Mike . ( 2009 ) . Commentary for `` Worst Episode Ever '' , in The Simpsons : The Complete Twelfth Season ( DVD ) . 20th Century Fox . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up

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Start - stop system - Wikipedia <H1> Start - stop system </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . Last update : March 27 , 2014 ( January 2009 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dd> This article refers to the automotive technology . For the use of start - stop systems in telecommunication , see asynchronous serial communication . </Dd> </Dl> <P> In automobiles , a start - stop system or stop - start system automatically shuts down and restarts the internal combustion engine to reduce the amount of time the engine spends idling , thereby reducing fuel consumption and emissions . This is most advantageous for vehicles which spend significant amounts of time waiting at traffic lights or frequently come to a stop in traffic jams . Start - stop technology may become more common with more stringent government fuel economy and emissions regulations . This feature is present in hybrid electric vehicles , but has also appeared in vehicles which lack a hybrid electric powertrain . For non-electric vehicles fuel economy gains from this technology are typically in the range of 3 - 10 percent , potentially as high as 12 percent . In the United States , idling wastes approximately 3.9 billion gallons of gasoline per year . </P> <P> On a manual transmission vehicle , stop - start is activated as follows : Stop car and press clutch - move gear lever to neutral - release clutch - then the engine stops . The engine wo n't stop if the car is moving , even if the aforementioned steps are followed ( note that this is n't true for all cars ) . The engine restarts when the clutch is pressed prior to selecting a gear to move the car . The engine may also restart if there is a demand for power from , for example , the air conditioning system . </P> <P> Since automobile accessories like compressors and water pumps have typically been designed to run on a serpentine belt on the engine , those systems must be redesigned to function properly when the engine is turned off . Typically , an electric motor is used to power these devices instead . </P> <P> This technology has also been used on Honda Motor scooters in Asian markets for the last decade . Their PCX 125cc model was released in 2010 to be sold in Europe with this technology , though their North American model does not feature it . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Characteristics </Li> <Li> 2 Carmakers and models <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Early use </Li> <Li> 2.2 Bentley </Li> <Li> 2.3 BMW </Li> <Li> 2.4 Citroën </Li> <Li> 2.5 Fiat Group </Li> <Li> 2.6 Ford </Li> <Li> 2.7 General Motors </Li> <Li> 2.8 Hyundai </Li> <Li> 2.9 Honda </Li> <Li> 2.10 Jaguar </Li> <Li> 2.11 Kia </Li> <Li> 2.12 Land Rover </Li> <Li> 2.13 Mahindra & Mahindra </Li> <Li> 2.14 Mazda </Li> <Li> 2.15 Opel / Vauxhall </Li> <Li> 2.16 Renault </Li> <Li> 2.17 Roewe </Li> <Li> 2.18 SAAB </Li> <Li> 2.19 Tata </Li> <Li> 2.20 Toyota </Li> <Li> 2.21 Volkswagen </Li> <Li> 2.22 Volvo </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Concerns </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Characteristics ( edit ) </H2> <P> Start / stop technology came to Europe first , due to regulatory differences . 25 percent of the New European Driving Cycle ( NEDC ) is spent idling . In comparison , only an estimated 11 percent of the United States United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) test is spent at idle . </P> <P> Start / stop activation depends on specific driver inputs as well as operating conditions . The engine must have reached proper temperature to get adequate light - off of its catalytic converter and also to ensure proper lubrication and as effortless a restart as possible . </P> <P> With a manual - gearbox car , engine shutdown typically comes with braking to a complete stop , gearbox in neutral and clutch release . </P> <P> Cars with automatic transmissions shut down upon braking to a full stop - the shut down is activated by the footbrake pedal being in use when the car comes to a halt . If the car is slowed initially by manual use of the automatic gear box and final stoppage is by use of the handbrake the engine will not shut down . </P> <H2> Carmakers and models ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Early use ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first vehicles to use this technology were the Fiat Regata `` ES '' with the City - matic system and Volkswagen Polo `` Formel E '' models of the 1980s . The Volkswagen Group also adopted it in the Golf Ecomatic in 1994 and in the Volkswagen Lupo `` 3L '' and the Audi A2 `` 3L '' in 1999 . Though these early implementations were considered rather disconcerting by many drivers , and high pricing failed to yield these cars much commercial success , both the Volkswagen Lupo and the Audi A2 ( in their `` 3 litre '' leverage ) were more efficient than any production car available in the US at the time of their release . </P> <H3> Bentley ( edit ) </H3> <P> Stop - Start technology was fitted to a Bentley for the first time in 2016 on the Bentayga model . Bentley 's system stops the engine when the car is stopped or moving slowly . </P> <H3> BMW ( edit ) </H3> <P> BMW is including the technology across many of its cars and the MINI line for 2008 as part of its Efficient Dynamics brand . BMW has been interested in ways to reduce parasitic losses on engines , so the company took the technology a step further . Instead of using an Integrated Starter Generator ( ISG ) , BMW has used an enhanced starter which is conventional starter , developed by Robert Bosch GmbH , that can withstand the increased number of engine - starts in a stop - start vehicle . </P> <P> BMW has developed the system such that the alternator is not activated most of the time . This means that electrical components in the vehicle are normally running on battery power . When the battery needs to be charged or when decelerating or braking , the alternator is activated to recharge the battery ( regenerative braking ) . Since this battery experiences very different load characteristics than a normal car battery , BMW used an absorptive glass mat type instead . </P> <P> Due to the use of regenerative braking , some have started calling this type of system a micro hybrid , a step below a mild hybrid system where the ISG can be used to assist the engine or even drive the vehicle . </P> <H3> Citroën ( edit ) </H3> <P> Citroën introduced a more refined system in its C2 and C3 models by 2006 , named `` Stop and Start '' . The Citroën implementation combines a SensoDrive automated gearbox and an electronically controlled reversible alternator or integrated starter - generator ( ISG ) . An ISG , also known as `` integrated starter - alternator '' , combines the role of the starter and alternator into one unit ; manufacturers include Valeo and Denso . </P> <H3> Fiat Group ( edit ) </H3> <P> Fiat introduced the Robert Bosch GmbH made system in the end of 2008 in the Fiat 500 . Starting September 2009 , Alfa Romeo also introduced this system in its Alfa Romeo Mito series utilising Fiat Powertrain Technologies ( FPT ) 1.4 L Turbo petrol MultiAir engines . </P> <H3> Ford ( edit ) </H3> <P> Late in 2010 , Ford announced that its start - stop system , already used in its hybrids as well as several mainstream models in Europe , would be introduced in North America with the 2012 models , initially with 4 - cylinder engines and later proliferating into V6s and V8s . Eventually the system will be available in all Ford vehicles . </P> <P> In 2013 , it announced that start - stop technology would be brought into the second generation Ford Fusion models , and it built start - stop systems into the Ford F150 2015 model for the first time as a standard feature rather than an option . Formerly , only the 2.7 - liter turbocharged V - 6 version came with stop - start , which requires a more robust ( and expensive ) absorbent - glass - mat ( AGM ) battery that can better handle the constant cycling and the heavier draw from vehicle accessories with the engine off . </P> <H3> General Motors ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2012 General Motors released its Chevrolet Malibu Eco model with eAssist technology , which combines start - stop technology with regenerative braking and electric boost in certain conditions . </P> <P> In 2014 General Motors announced that the Chevrolet Impala and Malibu would have a ( non-eAssist ) start - stop system across all models . </P> <H3> Hyundai ( edit ) </H3> <P> While both the Kia Rio and Rio5 share the same new direct - injected four - cylinder 1.6 L engine with its cousin Hyundai Accent / Verna ( also newly redesigned for 2012 ) , Hyundai made no mention of this feature in their Accent line . Hyundai 1.4 manual has the ISG ( Intelligent Stop & Go ) system ( in Israel ) . </P> <H3> Honda ( edit ) </H3> <P> Honda has been using the start - stop function for over a decade via their IMA mild hybrid system in first generation Insight models in the Japanese domestic market since 1999 . and more recently on the Civic Hybrid . </P> <H3> Jaguar ( edit ) </H3> <P> Jaguar 's Intelligent Eco Stop / Start was first fitted to the XF and XJ models in 2011 before expanding to the rest of the range . </P> <H3> Kia ( edit ) </H3> <P> The redesigned 2012 Kia Rio and Rio5 ( hatchback ) debuted at the 2011 New York Auto Show was announced with their Intelligent Stop and Go ( ISG ) feature , or stop - start technology . </P> <P> Kia claims the combination of direct fuel injection and stop - start will offer 30MPG City / 40MPG on the highway in both 6 speed manual and automatic transmissions . </P> <H3> Land Rover ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2008 Land Rover fitted its Freelander with Stop / Start which could reduce fuel consumption and emissions by up to 10 % . As of 2016 all Land Rover and Range Rover models are fitted with Intelligent Eco Stop / Start . </P> <H3> Mahindra & mahindra ( edit ) </H3> <P> Mahindra 's were the first in India to launch stop - start based Micro Hybrid system in May 2000 . This involved home - grown technology and first of its kind component development like Hall sensor based neutral and clutch pedal sensors , and later a joint venture with Bosch for common rail based vehicles . </P> <H3> Mazda ( edit ) </H3> <P> The i - Stop system , Mazda 's first start stop system , detects which piston is in the best position to restart quickest , which is the one in the combustion stroke phase , where air and fuel are in the cylinder , ready to be ignited . The mixture in this cylinder is ignited by the spark plug , forcing that piston down , and with partial - assistance

Auto start-stop automatically shuts down the engine

When does auto start-stop automatically shutdown the engine?

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State of the Union - wikipedia <H1> State of the Union </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 13 April 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search `` States of the Union '' redirects here . For other uses , see State of the Union ( disambiguation ) . For the most recent State of the Union address , see 2018 State of the Union Address . <P> The State of the Union Address is an annual message presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress , except in the first year of a new president 's term . The message includes a budget message and an economic report of the nation , and also allows the President to outline their legislative agenda ( for which the cooperation of Congress is needed ) and national priorities . </P> <P> The address fulfills rules in Article II , Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution , requiring the President to periodically `` give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union , and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient . '' During most of the country 's first century , the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress . After 1913 , Woodrow Wilson , the 28th U.S. President , began the regular practice of delivering the address to Congress in person as a way to rally support for his agenda . With the advent of radio and television , the address is now broadcast live across the country on many networks . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Ceremony </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Delivery of the speech <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Invitations </Li> <Li> 3.2 Protocol of entry into House chamber </Li> <Li> 3.3 Designated survivor and other logistics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Opposition response </Li> <Li> 5 Significance </Li> <Li> 6 Local versions </Li> <Li> 7 Historic speeches </Li> <Li> 8 TV ratings </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Ceremony ( edit ) </H2> <P> The practice arises from a duty given to the president in the Constitution of the United States : </P> <P> He shall from time to time give to Congress information of the State of the Union and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient . </P> -- Article II , Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution <P> Although the language of this State of the Union Clause of the Constitution is not specific , since the 1930s , the President makes this report annually in late January or early February . Between 1934 and 2013 the date has been as early as January 3 , and as late as February 12 . </P> <P> While not required to deliver a speech , every president since Woodrow Wilson , with the notable exception of Herbert Hoover , has made at least one State of the Union report as a speech delivered before a joint session of Congress . Before that time , most presidents delivered the State of the Union as a written report . </P> <P> Since Franklin Roosevelt , the State of the Union is given typically each January before a joint session of the United States Congress and is held in the House of Representatives chamber of the United States Capitol . Newly inaugurated presidents generally deliver an address to Congress in February of the first year of their term , but this speech is not officially considered to be a `` State of the Union '' . </P> <P> What began as a communication between president and Congress has become a communication between the president and the people of the United States . Since the advent of radio , and then television , the speech has been broadcast live on most networks , preempting scheduled programming . To reach the largest audience , the speech , once given during the day , is now typically given in the evening , after 9pm ET ( UTC - 5 ) . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> George Washington 's handwritten notes for the first State of the Union Address , January 8 , 1790 . Full 7 pages . <P> George Washington delivered the first regular annual message before a joint session of Congress on January 8 , 1790 , in New York City , then the provisional U.S. capital . In 1801 , Thomas Jefferson discontinued the practice of delivering the address in person , regarding it as too monarchical ( similar to the Speech from the Throne ) . Instead , the address was written and then sent to Congress to be read by a clerk until 1913 when Woodrow Wilson re-established the practice despite some initial controversy . However , there have been exceptions to this rule . Presidents during the latter half of the 20th century have sent written State of the Union addresses . The last President to do this was Jimmy Carter in 1981 , after his defeat by Ronald Reagan and days before his term ended . </P> <P> For many years , the speech was referred to as `` the President 's Annual Message to Congress '' . The actual term `` State of the Union '' first emerged in 1934 when Franklin D. Roosevelt used the phrase , becoming its generally accepted name since 1947 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Franklin Delano Roosevelt </Td> <Td> State of the Union ( Four Freedoms ) ( January 6 , 1941 ) Franklin Delano Roosevelt 's January 6 , 1941 State of the Union Address introducing the theme of the Four Freedoms ( starting at 32 : 02 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Prior to 1934 , the annual message was delivered at the end of the calendar year , in December . The ratification of the 20th Amendment on January 23 , 1933 , changed the opening of Congress from early March to early January , affecting the delivery of the annual message . Since 1934 , the message or address has been delivered to Congress in January or February . </P> <P> The Twentieth Amendment also established January 20 as the beginning of the presidential term . In years when a new president is inaugurated , the outgoing president may deliver a final State of the Union message , but none has done so since Jimmy Carter sent a written message in 1981 . In 1953 and 1961 , Congress received both a written State of the Union message from the outgoing president and a separate State of the Union speech by the incoming president . Since 1989 , in recognition that the responsibility of reporting the State of the Union formally belongs to the president who held office during the past year , newly inaugurated Presidents have not officially called their first speech before Congress a `` State of the Union '' message . </P> <P> In 1936 , President Roosevelt set a precedent when he delivered the address at night . Only once before -- when Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to order the U.S. into World War I -- had a sitting president addressed Congress at night . </P> The text of the first page of Ronald Reagan 's first State of the Union Address , given January 26 , 1982 <P> Warren Harding 's 1922 speech was the first to be broadcast on radio , albeit to a limited audience , while Calvin Coolidge 's 1923 speech was the first to be broadcast across the nation . Harry S. Truman 's 1947 address was the first to be broadcast on television . Lyndon B. Johnson 's address in 1965 was the first delivered in the evening . Three years later , in 1968 , television networks in the United States , for the first time , imposed no time limit for their coverage of a State of the Union address . Delivered by Lyndon B. Johnson , this address was followed by extensive televised commentary by , among others , Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Milton Friedman . Ronald Reagan 's 1986 State of the Union Address is the only one to have been postponed . He had planned to deliver it on January 28 , 1986 but postponed it for a week after learning of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and instead addressed the nation on the day 's events . Bill Clinton 's 1997 address was the first broadcast available live on the World Wide Web . </P> <H2> Delivery of the speech ( edit ) </H2> <P> A formal invitation is made by the Speaker of the House to the President several weeks before each State of the Union Address . </P> <H3> Invitations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Every member of Congress can bring one guest to the State of the Union address . The President may invite up to 24 guests with the First Lady in her box . The Speaker of the House may invite up to 24 guests in the Speaker 's box . Seating for Congress on the main floor is by a first - in , first - served basis with no reservations . The Cabinet , Supreme Court justices , members of the Diplomatic Corps , and Joint Chiefs have reserved seating . </P> <H3> Protocol of entry into House chamber ( edit ) </H3> <P> By approximately 8 : 30 pm on the night of the address , the members of the House have gathered in their seats for the joint session . Then , the Deputy Sergeant at Arms addresses the Speaker and loudly announces the Vice President and members of the Senate , who enter and take the seats assigned for them . </P> <P> The Speaker , and then the Vice President , specify the members of the House and Senate , respectively , who will escort the President into the House chamber . The Deputy Sergeant at Arms addresses the Speaker again and loudly announces , in order , the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps , the Chief Justice of the United States and the Associate Justices , and the Cabinet , each of whom enters and takes their seats when called . The justices take the seats nearest to the Speaker 's rostrum and adjacent to the sections reserved for the Cabinet and the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . </P> The Sergeants at Arms of the House ( left ) and Senate ( right ) wait at the doorway to the House chamber before President Barack Obama enters to deliver the 2011 State of the Union Address . <P> Just after 9 pm , as the President reaches the door to the chamber , the House Sergeant at Arms stands just inside the doors , faces the Speaker , and waits until the President is ready to enter the chamber . When the President is ready , the Sergeant at Arms always announces his entrance , loudly stating the phrase : `` Mister Speaker , the President of the United States ! '' </P> <P> As applause and cheering begins , the President slowly walks toward the Speaker 's rostrum , followed by members of his Congressional escort committee . The President 's approach is slowed by pausing to shake hands , hug , kiss , and autograph copies of his speech for Members of Congress . After he takes his place at the House Clerk 's desk , he hands two manila envelopes , previously placed on the desk and containing copies of the speech , to the Speaker and Vice President . </P> <P> After continuing applause from the attendees has diminished , the Speaker introduces the President to the Representatives and Senators , stating : `` Members of Congress , I have the high privilege and distinct honor of presenting to you the President of the United States . '' This leads to

The tradition of delivering a State of the Union address was started by

Who started the state of the union address?

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Minnesota Vikings - wikipedia <H1> Minnesota Vikings </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Minnesota Vikings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Current season </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Established January 28 , 1960 ; 58 years ago ( January 28 , 1960 ) First season : 1961 Play in U.S. Bank Stadium Minneapolis , Minnesota Headquartered at TCO Performance Center Eagan , Minnesota </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Logo </Td> <Td> Wordmark </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> League / conference affiliations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> National Football League ( 1961 -- present ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Western Conference ( 1961 -- 1969 ) <Ul> <Li> Central Division ( 1967 -- 1969 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> National Football Conference ( 1970 -- present ) <Ul> <Li> NFC Central ( 1970 -- 2001 ) </Li> <Li> NFC North ( 2002 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Current uniform </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team colors </Th> <Td> <P> Purple , Gold , White </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fight song </Th> <Td> Skol , Vikings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mascot </Th> <Td> Viktor the Viking </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Personnel </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner ( s ) </Th> <Td> Zygi Wilf </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chairman </Th> <Td> Zygi Wilf </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> President </Th> <Td> Mark Wilf </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General manager </Th> <Td> Rick Spielman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head coach </Th> <Td> Mike Zimmer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Team history </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Minnesota Vikings ( 1961 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Team nicknames </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> The Vikes </Li> <Li> The Purple People Eaters </Li> <Li> The Purple and Gold </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Championships </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> League championships ( 0 † ) </P> <Ul> <Li> NFL Championships ( pre-1970 AFL -- NFL merger ) ( 1 ) 1969 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> Conference championships ( 4 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> NFL Western : 1969 </Li> <Li> NFC : 1973 , 1974 , 1976 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> Division championships ( 20 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> NFL Central : 1968 , 1969 </Li> <Li> NFC Central : 1970 , 1971 , 1973 , 1974 , 1975 , 1976 , 1977 , 1978 , 1980 , 1989 , 1992 , 1994 , 1998 , 2000 </Li> <Li> NFC North : 2008 , 2009 , 2015 , 2017 </Li> </Ul> † -- Does not include the AFL or NFL championships won during the same seasons as the AFL -- NFL Super Bowl championships before the 1970 AFL -- NFL merger </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Playoff appearances ( 29 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> NFL : 1968 , 1969 , 1970 , 1971 , 1973 , 1974 , 1975 , 1976 , 1977 , 1978 , 1980 , 1982 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2004 , 2008 , 2009 , 2012 , 2015 , 2017 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Home fields </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Metropolitan Stadium ( 1961 -- 1981 ) </Li> <Li> Mall of America Field at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome ( 1982 -- 2013 ) </Li> <Li> TCF Bank Stadium ( 2014 -- 2015 ) </Li> <Li> U.S. Bank Stadium ( 2016 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The Vikings joined the National Football League ( NFL ) as an expansion team in 1960 , and first took the field for the 1961 season . The team competes in the National Football Conference ( NFC ) North division . The Vikings played in four Super Bowl games in the 1970s , but lost all four . </P> <P> During the 1960s , the Vikings ' record was typical for an expansion franchise , but improved over the course of the decade , resulting in a Central Division title in 1968 . In 1969 , their dominant defense led to the Vikings ' league championship in 1969 , the last NFL championship prior to the merger of the NFL with the AFL . </P> <P> The team plays its home games at U.S. Bank Stadium in the Downtown East section of Minneapolis . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 1960s </Li> <Li> 1.2 1970s </Li> <Li> 1.3 1980s </Li> <Li> 1.4 1990s <Ul> <Li> 1.4. 1 1998 </Li> <Li> 1.4. 2 1999 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.5 2000s <Ul> <Li> 1.5. 1 2000 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 2 2001 -- 2005 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 3 2006 -- 2008 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 4 2009 -- 2010 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 5 2011 -- 2013 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 6 2014 -- present </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Logo and uniforms <Ul> <Li> 2.1 All purple uniforms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Mascots <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Current mascot </Li> <Li> 3.2 Historic mascots </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Traditions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Fight song </Li> <Li> 4.2 Rivals <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 Chicago Bears </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 Detroit Lions </Li> <Li> 4.2. 3 Green Bay Packers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.3 Helga hats </Li> <Li> 4.4 Vikings horn </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Players <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Current roster </Li> <Li> 5.2 Retired numbers </Li> <Li> 5.3 Pro Football Hall of Famers </Li> <Li> 5.4 Ring of Honor </Li> <Li> 5.5 25th Anniversary Team ( 1985 ) </Li> <Li> 5.6 40th Anniversary Team ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> 5.7 50 Greatest Vikings ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> 5.8 All Metrodome Team ( 2013 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Coaches <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Head coaches </Li> <Li> 6.2 Current staff </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Radio and television <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Radio affiliates <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 1 Minnesota </Li> <Li> 7.1. 2 Iowa </Li> <Li> 7.1. 3 North Dakota </Li> <Li> 7.1. 4 South Dakota </Li> <Li> 7.1. 5 Wisconsin </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> Main article : History of the Minnesota Vikings See also : List of Minnesota Vikings seasons <P> Professional football in the Minneapolis -- Saint Paul area ( the `` Twin Cities '' ) began with the Minneapolis Marines / Red Jackets , an NFL team that played intermittently in the 1920s and 1930s . However , a new professional team in the area did not surface again until August 1959 , when Minneapolis businessmen Bill Boyer , H.P. Skoglund , and Max Winter were awarded a franchise in the new American Football League ( AFL ) . Five months later , in January 1960 , after significant pressure from the NFL , the ownership group , along with Bernard H. Ridder Jr. , reneged on its agreement with the AFL and then was awarded the National Football League 's 14th franchise , with play to begin in 1961 . Ole Haugsrud was added to the NFL team ownership because , in the 1920s , when he sold his Duluth Eskimos team back to the league , the agreement allowed him 10 percent of any future Minnesota team . Coincidentally or not , the teams from Ole Haugsrud 's high school , Central High School in Superior , Wisconsin , were also called the Vikings and also had a similar purple - and - yellow uniform design and color scheme . </P> <P> From the team 's first season in 1961 to 1981 , the team called Metropolitan Stadium in suburban Bloomington home . The Vikings conducted summer training camp at Bemidji State University from 1961 to 1965 . In 1966 , the team moved to their training camp to Minnesota State University in Mankato . The training camp at Minnesota State was one of the longest continuously running training camp events in the NFL and is remembered as part of the golden era history of the team . The Vikings played their home games at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis from 1982 to 2013 . The Vikings played their last game at the Metrodome on December 29 , 2013 , defeating the Detroit Lions 14 -- 13 to end the season . </P> <P> Since the team 's first season in 1961 , the Vikings have had one of the highest winning percentages in the NFL . As of 2017 , they have won at least three games in every season except in 1962 , and are one of only six NFL teams to win at least 15 games in a regular season . The Vikings have won one NFL Championship , in 1969 , before the league 's merger with the American Football League ( AFL ) . Since the league merger in 1970 , they have qualified for the playoffs 27 times , third-most in the league . The team has played in Super Bowls IV , VIII , IX , and XI , though failing to win any of them . In addition , they have lost in their last six NFC Championship Game appearances since 1978 . The team currently has 14 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame . </P> <H3> 1960s </H3> <P> The team was officially named the Minnesota Vikings on September 27 , 1960 ; the name is partly meant to reflect Minnesota 's place as a center of Scandinavian American culture . From the start , the Vikings embraced an energetic marketing program that produced first - year season ticket sales of nearly 26,000 and an average home attendance of 34,586 , about 85 percent of Metropolitan Stadium 's capacity of 40,800 . Eventually , the capacity of Met Stadium was increased to 47,900 . Bert Rose , former public relations director for the Los Angeles Rams , was appointed the team 's first general manager . The search for the first head coach saw the team court then - Northwestern University head coach Ara Parseghian , who , according to Minneapolis Star writer Jim Klobuchar -- the Vikings ' first beat reporter for that newspaper -- visited team management in the Twin Cities under the condition that his visit was to be kept secret from his current employer . His cover was blown by local columnist Sid Hartman , who reported the visit and forced Parseghian to issue denials . Philadelphia Eagles assistant Nick Skorich and a man with Minnesota ties who was working in the CFL , Bud Grant , were also candidates until a different Eagle , quarterback Norm Van Brocklin , was hired on January 18 , 1961 . Van Brocklin had just finished his career as a player on a high note , having defeated the Green Bay Packers in the 1960 NFL Championship Game . </P> Head Coach Bud Grant ( 1967 -- 1983 and 1985 ) The Vikings were upset by the Chiefs 23 -- 7 in Super Bowl IV . <P> As a new franchise , the Vikings had the first overall selection in the 1961 NFL Draft , and they picked running back Tommy Mason of Tulane . They also took a young quarterback from the University of Georgia named Fran Tarkenton in the third round . Notable veterans acquired in the offseason were George Shaw and Hugh McElhenny . The Vikings won their first regular season game , defeating the Chicago Bears 37 -- 13 on Opening Day 1961 ; Tarkenton came off the bench to throw four touchdown passes and run for another to lead the upset . Reality set in as the expansion team lost its next seven games on their way to a 3 -- 11 record . The losing continued throughout much of the 1960s as the Vikings had a combined record of 32 wins , 59 losses , and 7 ties in

The last time the Vikings were in the NFC Championship was

When is the last time the vikings were in the nfc championship?

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A Change Is Gonna Come - wikipedia <H1> A Change Is Gonna Come </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see A Change Is Gonna Come ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` A Change Is Gonna Come '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Sam Cooke </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Ai n't That Good News </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> A-side </Th> <Td> `` Shake '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> December 22 , 1964 ( 1964 - 12 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 - inch single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> January 30 , 1964 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> RCA , Hollywood , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhythm and blues </Li> <Li> soul </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> RCA Victor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Sam Cooke </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Hugo & Luigi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Sam Cooke singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Cousin of Mine '' ( 1964 ) </Td> <Td> `` A Change Is Gonna Come '' ( 1964 ) </Td> <Td> `` It 's Got The Whole World Shakin ' '' ( 1965 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Cousin of Mine '' ( 1964 ) </Td> <Td> `` A Change Is Gonna Come '' ( 1964 ) </Td> <Td> `` It 's Got The Whole World Shakin ' '' ( 1965 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` A Change Is Gonna Come '' is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke , released on December 22 , 1964 , by RCA Victor . Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by René Hall , the song was the B - side to `` Shake '' . </P> <P> The song was inspired by various personal events in Cooke 's life , most prominently an event in which he and his entourage were turned away from a whites - only motel in Louisiana . Cooke felt compelled to write a song that spoke to his struggle and of those around him , and he recorded the song for its first release on his final album , Ai n't That Good News . The song , released in 1964 , pertains to the Civil Rights Movement and African Americans , and contains the refrain , `` It 's been a long time coming , but I know a change is gon na come . '' </P> <P> Though only a modest hit for Cooke in comparison with his previous singles , `` A Change Is Gonna Come '' is widely considered Cooke 's best composition and has been voted among the best songs ever released by various publications . In 2007 , the song was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress , with the National Recording Registry deeming the song `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically important . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Recording and production </Li> <Li> 3 Composition </Li> <Li> 4 Personnel </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Cover versions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Media usage </Li> <Li> 7 Chart history ( Sam Cooke version ) </Li> <Li> 8 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> On October 8 , 1963 , en route to Shreveport , Louisiana , Cooke called ahead to the Holiday Inn North to make reservations for his wife , Barbara , and himself , but when he and his group arrived , the desk clerk glanced nervously and explained there were no vacancies . While his brother Charles protested , Sam was fuming , yelling to see the manager and refusing to leave until he received an answer . His wife nudged him , attempting to calm him down , telling him , `` They 'll kill you , '' to which he responded , `` They ai n't gon na kill me , because I 'm Sam Cooke . '' When they eventually persuaded Cooke to leave , the group drove away calling out insults and blaring their horns . When they arrived at the Castle Motel on Sprague Street downtown , the police were waiting for them , arresting them for disturbing the peace . The New York Times ran an AP report the following day headlined `` Negro Band Leader Held in Shreveport , '' but African - Americans were outraged , leading to the creation of a myth surrounding the incident , exaggerating parts of the story and fabricating others . </P> <P> In addition , upon hearing Bob Dylan 's `` Blowin ' in the Wind '' in 1963 , Cooke was greatly moved that such a poignant song about racism in America could come from someone who was not black , and was also ashamed he had not yet written something like that himself . However , his image and fears of losing his largely white fan base prevented him from doing so . Cooke loved the song so much it was immediately incorporated into his repertoire . </P> <H2> Recording and production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Following Christmas 1963 , Cooke invited J.W. Alexander to his home to preview a new song he had just written , one Cooke was very excited about . When he arrived , Cooke ran through the number on his guitar twice , the second time going over it line by line . Both were very excited to record the song , with Alexander viewing it more personal and political than anything he had yet attempted . He warned Cooke that he may not profit off the song as he had with lighter , poppier songs , but Cooke did not care . He explained to Alexander that he hoped the song would make his father proud . `` It was less work than any song he 'd ever written , '' biographer Peter Guralnick says . `` It almost scared him that the song -- it was almost as if the song were intended for somebody else . He grabbed it out of the air and it came to him whole , despite the fact that in many ways it 's probably the most complex song that he wrote . It was both singular -- in the sense that you started out , ' I was born by the river ' -- but it also told the story both of a generation and of a people . '' </P> <P> Cooke handed the song to his arranger René Hall , with no specific instructions as to what he personally wanted , but to give it `` the kind of instrumentation and orchestration that it demanded . '' Previously , the duo had collaborated on arrangement , but this was the first occasion in which Hall was granted complete control of the eventual arrangement , and he composed it as he would a movie score , with lush , symphonic strings . `` I wanted it to be the greatest thing in my ( life ) -- I spent a lot of time , put out a lot of ideas , and then changed them and rearranged them , '' said Hall . Cooke was well known as a perfectionist and `` control freak '' in the recording studio , so giving Hall total latitude was unprecedented . </P> <P> AFO drummer John Boudreaux was intimidated by the orchestral arrangement and refused to leave the control room ; session player and close collaborator Earl Palmer was working next door and filled in for the song . Luigi Creatore asked Cooke to provide one more take , and the eighth take was `` nearly perfect . '' Luigi was very pleased with the song , considering it among his best , both very serious and still uniquely his own . Cooke had initially imagined that Luigi , first and foremost a pop hitmaker , would not respect the socially conscious song . </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` A Change Is Gonna Come '' A sound sample of `` A Change Is Gonna Come , '' emphasizing the song 's lush , orchestral accompaniment . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Each verse is a different movement , with the horns carrying the first , the strings the second , and the timpani carrying the bridge . The French horn present in the recording was intended to convey a sense of melancholy . </P> <P> Cooke incorporated his own personal experiences as well into the song , such as encounters in Memphis , Shreveport and Birmingham , to reflect the lives and struggles of all African - Americans of the time . The lines `` I do n't know what 's up there / Beyond the sky '' could refer to Cooke 's doubt for absolute true justice on earth . The final verse , in which Cooke pleads for his `` brother '' to help him , is a metaphor for what Alexander described as `` the establishment '' The verse continues , ' But he winds up knocking me / back down on my knees . ' '' </P> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` A Change Is Gonna Come '' was recorded on January 30 , 1964 , at RCA Studios in Hollywood , California . The engineer present was Wally Heider , and the session was conducted and arranged by René Hall . The musicians also recorded `` Falling in Love '' the same day . Credits adapted from the liner notes to the 2003 compilation Portrait of a Legend : 1951 -- 1964 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sam Cooke -- lead vocals </Li> <Li> SR Crain -- backing vocals </Li> <Li> Paul Foster -- backing vocals </Li> <Li> Jimmie Outler -- backing vocals </Li> <Li> Richard Gibbs -- backing vocals </Li> <Li> JJ Farley -- backing vocals </Li> <Li> René Hall -- guitar </Li> <Li> Norman Bartold -- guitar </Li> <Li> Arnold Belnick -- guitar </Li> <Li> Clifton White -- guitar </Li> <Li> Chuck Badie -- bass guitar </Li> <Li> Earl Palmer -- drums </Li> <Li> Harold Battiste -- piano </Li> <Li> William Hinshaw -- French horn </Li> <Li> Emil Radocchia -- marimba , timpani , percussion </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> William Kurasch -- trumpet </Li> <Li> Louis Blackburn -- trombone </Li> <Li> John Ewing -- trombone </Li> <Li> David Wells -- trombone </Li> <Li> Harry Hyams -- viola </Li> <Li> Alexander Neiman -- viola </Li> <Li> Israel Baker -- violin </Li> <Li> Irving Lipschultz -- violin </Li> <Li> Leonard Malarsky -- violin </Li> <Li> Jack Pepper -- violin </Li> <Li> Ralph Schaeffer -- violin </Li> <Li> Sidney Sharp -- violin </Li> <Li> Darrel Terwilliger -- violin </Li> <Li> Tibor Zelig -- violin </Li> <Li> Emmet Sargeant -- cello </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> Cooke first performed `` A Change Is Gonna Come '' on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on February 7 , 1964 . Cooke 's new manager , Allen Klein , was infatuated with the song and persuaded Cooke to do away with promoting his most recent single , `` Ai n't That Good News '' , and perform `` Change '' instead , feeling that that was the statement he needed to make before a national audience . Cooke objected , noting that the album 's release was a month away and that he had no time to pull together an arrangement within such a short time frame . Klein arranged for RCA to pay for a full string section and Cooke performed the song that Friday on

The song "A Change Is Gonna Come" was produced by

Who produced a change is gonna come?

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2018 NCAA Division I men 's basketball tournament - wikipedia <H1> 2018 NCAA Division I men 's basketball tournament </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 2018 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Td> 2017 -- 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Teams </Th> <Td> 68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Finals site </Th> <Td> Alamodome San Antonio , Texas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Champions </Th> <Td> Villanova Wildcats ( 3rd title , 4th title game , 6th Final Four ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Runner - up </Th> <Td> Michigan Wolverines ( 7th title game , 8th Final Four ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Semifinalists </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kansas Jayhawks ( 15th Final Four ) </Li> <Li> Loyola - Chicago Ramblers ( 2nd Final Four ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winning coach </Th> <Td> Jay Wright ( 2nd title ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MOP </Th> <Td> Donte DiVincenzo ( Villanova ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> NCAA Division I Men 's Tournaments </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> `` 2017 </Td> <Td> 2019 '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2018 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament was a 68 - team single - elimination tournament to determine the men 's National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017 -- 18 season . The 80th edition of the tournament began on March 13 , 2018 , and concluded with the championship game on April 2 at the Alamodome in San Antonio , Texas . </P> <P> During the first round , UMBC became the first 16 - seed to defeat a 1 - seed in the men 's tournament by defeating Virginia 74 -- 54 . For the first time in tournament history , none of the four top seeded teams in a single region ( the South ) advanced to the Sweet 16 . Also , the tournament featured the first regional final matchup of a 9 - seed ( Kansas State ) and an 11 - seed ( Loyola - Chicago ) . </P> <P> Villanova , Michigan , Kansas , and Loyola - Chicago , the `` Cinderella team '' of the tournament , reached the Final Four . Villanova defeated Michigan in the championship game , 79 -- 62 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Tournament procedure </Li> <Li> 2 2018 NCAA Tournament schedule and venues </Li> <Li> 3 Qualification and selection <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Automatic qualifiers </Li> <Li> 3.2 Tournament seeds </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Regional brackets <Ul> <Li> 4.1 First Four -- Dayton , Ohio </Li> <Li> 4.2 South Regional -- Atlanta , Georgia <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 South Regional Final </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 South Regional all tournament team </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.3 West Regional -- Los Angeles , California <Ul> <Li> 4.3. 1 West Regional Final </Li> <Li> 4.3. 2 West Regional all tournament team </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.4 East Regional -- Boston , Massachusetts <Ul> <Li> 4.4. 1 East Regional Final </Li> <Li> 4.4. 2 East Regional all tournament team </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.5 Midwest Regional -- Omaha , Nebraska <Ul> <Li> 4.5. 1 Midwest Regional Final </Li> <Li> 4.5. 2 Midwest Regional all tournament team </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Final Four <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Alamodome -- San Antonio , Texas <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 National Semifinals </Li> <Li> 5.1. 2 National Championship </Li> <Li> 5.1. 3 Final Four all - tournament team </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Record by conference </Li> <Li> 7 Media coverage <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Television <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 1 Television channels </Li> <Li> 7.1. 2 Studio hosts </Li> <Li> 7.1. 3 Studio analysts </Li> <Li> 7.1. 4 Commentary teams <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 4.1 Team Stream broadcasts </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.2 Radio <Ul> <Li> 7.2. 1 First Four </Li> <Li> 7.2. 2 First and Second rounds </Li> <Li> 7.2. 3 Regionals </Li> <Li> 7.2. 4 Final four </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.3 Internet <Ul> <Li> 7.3. 1 Video </Li> <Li> 7.3. 2 Audio </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Tournament procedure ( edit ) </H2> Further information : NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament § Current tournament format <P> A total of 68 teams entered the 2018 tournament . 32 automatic bids were awarded , one to each program that won their conference tournament . The remaining 36 bids were `` at - large '' , with selections extended by the NCAA Selection Committee . </P> <P> Eight teams ( the four lowest - seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest - seeded at - large teams ) played in the First Four ( the successor to what had been popularly known as `` play - in games '' through the 2010 tournament ) . The winners of these games advanced to the main draw of the tournament . </P> <P> The Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 68 . </P> <H2> 2018 NCAA tournament schedule and venues ( edit ) </H2> Dayton Pittsburgh Charlotte Wichita Boise Detroit Nashville San Diego Dallas 2018 First Four ( orange ) and first and second rounds ( green ) Atlanta Los Angeles Boston Omaha San Antonio 2018 Regionals ( blue ) and Final Four ( red ) <P> The following sites were selected to host each round of the 2018 tournament : </P> <P> First Four </P> <Ul> <Li> March 13 and 14 <Ul> <Li> University of Dayton Arena , Dayton , Ohio ( Host : University of Dayton ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> First and Second Rounds </P> <Ul> <Li> March 15 and 17 <Ul> <Li> PPG Paints Arena , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania ( Host : Duquesne University ) </Li> <Li> Intrust Bank Arena , Wichita , Kansas ( Host : Wichita State University ) </Li> <Li> American Airlines Center , Dallas , Texas ( Host : Big 12 Conference ) </Li> <Li> Taco Bell Arena , Boise , Idaho ( Host : Boise State University ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> March 16 and 18 <Ul> <Li> Spectrum Center , Charlotte , North Carolina ( Host : University of North Carolina at Charlotte ) </Li> <Li> Little Caesars Arena , Detroit , Michigan ( Host : University of Detroit Mercy ) </Li> <Li> Bridgestone Arena , Nashville , Tennessee ( Host : Ohio Valley Conference ) </Li> <Li> Viejas Arena , San Diego , California ( Host : San Diego State University ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> Regional Semifinals and Finals ( Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight ) </P> <Ul> <Li> March 22 and 24 <Ul> <Li> West Regional , Staples Center , Los Angeles , California ( Host : Pepperdine University ) </Li> <Li> South Regional , Philips Arena , Atlanta , Georgia ( Host : Georgia Institute of Technology ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> March 23 and 25 <Ul> <Li> East Regional , TD Garden , Boston , Massachusetts ( Host : Boston College ) </Li> <Li> Midwest Regional , CenturyLink Center Omaha , Omaha , Nebraska ( Host : Creighton University ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> National Semifinals and Championship ( Final Four and Championship ) </P> <Ul> <Li> March 31 and April 2 <Ul> <Li> Alamodome , San Antonio , Texas ( Host : University of Texas at San Antonio ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> For the fourth time , the Alamodome and city of San Antonio are hosting the Final Four . This is the first tournament since 1994 in which no games were played in an NFL stadium , as the Alamodome is a college football stadium , although the Alamodome hosted some home games for the New Orleans Saints during their 2005 season . The 2018 tournament featured three new arenas in previous host cities . Philips Arena , the home of the Atlanta Hawks and replacement for the previously used Omni Coliseum , hosted the South regional games , and the new Little Caesars Arena , home of the Detroit Pistons and Detroit Red Wings , hosted games . And for the first time since 1994 , the tournament returned to Wichita and the state of Kansas where Intrust Bank Arena hosted first round games . </P> <P> The state of North Carolina was threatened with a 2018 - 2022 championship venue boycott by the NCAA , due to the HB2 law passed in 2016 . However , the law was repealed ( but with provisos ) days before the NCAA met to make decisions on venues in April 2017 . At that time , the NCAA board of governors `` reluctantly voted to allow consideration of championship bids in North Carolina by our committees that are presently meeting '' . Therefore , Charlotte was eligible and served as a first weekend venue for the 2018 tournament . </P> <H2> Qualification and Selection ( edit ) </H2> Further information : 2018 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament : qualifying teams <P> Four teams , out of 351 in Division I , were ineligible to participate in the 2018 tournament due to failing to meet APR requirements : Alabama A&M , Grambling State , Savannah State , and Southeast Missouri State . However , the NCAA granted the Savannah State Tigers a waiver which would have allowed the team to participate in the tournament , but the team failed to qualify . </P> <H3> Automatic qualifiers ( edit ) </H3> <P> The following 32 teams were automatic qualifiers for the 2018 NCAA field by virtue of winning their conference 's automatic bid . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Conference </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Record </Th> <Th> Appearance </Th> <Th> Last bid </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> America East </Td> <Th> UMBC </Th> <Td> 24 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 2nd </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> American </Td> <Th> Cincinnati </Th> <Td> 30 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 32nd </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atlantic 10 </Td> <Th> Davidson </Th> <Td> 21 -- 11 </Td> <Td> 14th </Td> <Td> 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ACC </Td> <Th> Virginia </Th> <Td> 31 -- 2 </Td> <Td> 22nd </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atlantic Sun </Td> <Th> Lipscomb </Th> <Td> 23 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 1st </Td> <Td> Never </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big 12 </Td> <Th> Kansas </Th> <Td> 27 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 47th </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big East </Td> <Th> Villanova </Th> <Td> 30 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 38th </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Sky </Td> <Th> Montana </Th> <Td> 26 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 11th </Td> <Td> 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big South </Td> <Th> Radford </Th> <Td> 22 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Ten </Td> <Th> Michigan </Th> <Td> 28 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 28th </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big West </Td> <Th> Cal State Fullerton </Th> <Td> 20 -- 11 </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> CAA </Td> <Th> College of Charleston </Th> <Td> 26 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 5th </Td> <Td> 1999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Conference USA </Td> <Th> Marshall </Th> <Td> 24 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 6th </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Horizon League </Td> <Th> Wright State </Th> <Td> 25 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ivy League </Td> <Th> Penn </Th> <Td> 24 -- 8 </Td> <Td> 24th </Td> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MAAC </Td> <Th> Iona </Th> <Td> 20 -- 13 </Td> <Td> 13th </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MAC </Td> <Th> Buffalo </Th> <Td> 25 -- 8 </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MEAC </Td> <Th> North Carolina Central </Th> <Td> 19 -- 15 </Td> <Td> 3rd </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Missouri Valley </Td> <Th> Loyola -- Chicago </Th> <Td> 28 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 6th </Td> <Td> 1985 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mountain West </Td> <Th> San

The first round of March Madness will be played at PPG Paints Arena, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, hosted by

Where will the first round of march madness be played?

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Fortnite - wikipedia <H1> Fortnite </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the battle royale version of the game , see Fortnite Battle Royale . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Fortnite </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> European box art </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Epic Games </Li> <Li> People Can Fly </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher ( s ) </Th> <Td> Epic Games </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Director ( s ) </Th> <Td> Darren Sugg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artist ( s ) </Th> <Td> Pete Ellis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rom Di Prisco </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Engine </Th> <Td> Unreal Engine 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Platform ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Microsoft Windows </Li> <Li> macOS </Li> <Li> PlayStation 4 </Li> <Li> Xbox One </Li> <Li> iOS </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release </Th> <Td> 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre ( s ) </Th> <Td> Survival </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mode ( s ) </Th> <Td> Single - player , multiplayer </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Fortnite is a co-op sandbox survival game developed by Epic Games and People Can Fly and published by Epic Games . The game was released as a paid - for early access title for Microsoft Windows , macOS , PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 25 , 2017 , with a full free - to - play release expected in 2018 . The retail versions of the game were published by Gearbox Publishing , while online distribution of the PC versions is handled by Epic 's launcher . </P> <P> Fortnite is set in contemporary Earth , where the sudden appearance of a worldwide storm causes 98 % of the world 's population to disappear , and zombie - like creatures rise to attack the remainder . Considered by Epic as a cross between Minecraft and Left 4 Dead , Fortnite has up to four players cooperating on various missions on randomly - generated maps to collect resources , build fortifications around defensive objectives that are meant to help fight the storm and protect survivors , and construct weapons and traps to engage in combat with waves of these creatures that attempt to destroy the objectives . Players gain rewards through these missions to improve their hero characters , support teams , and arsenal of weapon and trap schematics to be able to take on more difficult missions . The game is supported through microtransactions to purchase in - game currency that can be used towards these upgrades . </P> <P> A standalone mode , Fortnite Battle Royale , based on the battle royale game genre but based on the core Fortnite gameplay , was released for the same platforms in September 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Gameplay </Li> <Li> 3 Development <Ul> <Li> 3.1 History </Li> <Li> 3.2 Art and design </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Sales </Li> <Li> 4.2 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis </H2> <P> One day , 98 % of Earth 's population suddenly disappeared , and the remaining population found the skies covered in dense clouds , creating chaotic storms that dropped husks , humanoid zombie - like creatures , that attacked the living . The survivors found ways to construct `` storm shields '' , a field that cleared the storm clouds from immediately overhead and reduced the attacks from husks , and used these to set up survivor bases across the globe . The player is a commander of one of these bases , charged with going out of the storm shield to find resources , survivors , and other allies to help expand their storm shield and find a way to return Earth to its normal state . </P> <H2> Gameplay </H2> <P> Currently , the paid - for product Fortnite provides two distinct modes : access to Fortnite Battle Royale , ( which is also available as a separate free - to - play title ) and the cooperative player - versus - environment `` Save the World '' , which is unique to the main Fortnite game . </P> <P> The `` Save the World '' mode is described as a co-op sandbox survival game and is about exploration , scavenging items , crafting weapons , building fortified structures , and fighting waves of encroaching monsters . Tim Sweeney , Epic 's founder , described the game as `` Minecraft meets Left 4 Dead '' . The game cycles between managing one 's resources at a safe home base , and then going out on missions to complete quests as to collect resources and obtain rewards to advance the game 's story . </P> <P> In the meta - game , the player has an inventory of weapon and trap schematics , hero characters , defender characters , and support characters , along with collected resources . Schematics are used to construct weapons and traps when on the field . Hero characters represent characters from one of four classes that the player can use while on a mission , as well as used to undertake resource - gathering missions making them unavailable to use until they return from the mission . Defender characters can be summoned to help with defense but only if there are less than four players on a mission . Support characters are used to form various non-playable squads that provide passive bonuses to the player 's attack strength , building speed , armor , and health , with additional benefits if the player can match certain characterization attributes within a squad . The player can spend different types of experience points and resources earned as mission rewards , from loot boxes ( represented as llama pinatas ) , or other sources to level up and evolve schematics and characters . For weapons and traps , this generally boosts their effectiveness as well as unlocking additional attribute bonuses , while leveling up hero characters will unlock special skills the character has while in the field . Schematics and characters are generally assigned a rarity , which determines how much they can be leveled and evolved . A player 's inventory of schematics and characters is limited , but players can opt to slot anyone they do not need into a collection book to gain rewards when certain collection sets are completed ; use one or more of these schematics or characters to transform them into a new random item , or simply retire them to gain back experience points and other resources to free up the inventory slots . </P> <P> The player also can spend skill points , earned by completing missions , and technology points , earned over time , to unlock new skills and technologies in the game 's skill and technologies trees . These can improve a player 's base attributes , attributes that are shared with the other players while on missions , unlock higher levels of evolution for schematics and characters , open up new squad positions , or unlock general skills that players can use in the field . Collectively , the player 's progress on these skill and technology trees , their squad composition , and their selected hero character make up the player 's current `` power level '' which relates to what difficulty of missions the player should take and the game 's matchmaking services . Also , players can review their current story progress and quests , which can include daily , side , and event quests , which when completed provide in - game currency or resources . </P> <P> Mission is currently divided between four world locations , some available only after progressing far enough in the story , and special locations for timed events and for the Survive the Storm mode . Within a location are several possible mission areas that show the type of mission , the terrain it takes place on , its difficulty rating relative to the player 's current power level , and whether the mission is currently under special `` storm '' conditions that throw random effects , like buffed husks or mini-bosses , into the mission but have potentially better rewards if completed . The player optionally can select a special site that automatically matches them with players at a similar power level and story progression on a random mission for added rewards . </P> <P> Most missions take place on procedurally - generated landscapes . Most missions are based on locating site ( s ) representing the objectives on the map , build up fortifications around those locations , and then face off against several waves of husks that will try to destroy the objectives . During completion of these missions , players are generally given a `` storm forecast '' to know where husks will spawn in as to enhance fortification in that direction , though this direction can change in more difficult missions . Other missions are time - limited , requiring the players to locate and help a number of survivors , build out several radar towers , or clear out various encampment of husks scattered around the map before time runs out . These missions encourage the players to explore the map and farm for resources ( either by searching objects or destroying them with an axe ) used to build the fortifications , weapons , ammunition , and traps needed to defend or attack the husks . Players also frequently need to seek out bluglo , a special resource that does not carry over between maps to activate certain mission objectives . Some missions are considered a loss if the objective is destroyed or time runs out , while other missions allow the players to rework their fortifications and start their defense again if the objective is destroyed . Maps will frequently have optional objectives that are discovered through exploration , such as human survivors that need help . Completing these successfully earn immediate in - game rewards such as resources , weapons , and traps . Missions themselves may provide bonus objectives , such as by completing the mission within a certain in - game period , using a limited number of fortification pieces , or saving more survivors than the minimum necessary , which affects the qualify of rewards the players receive after the successful completion of the main mission . </P> <P> During missions , players can make their fortifications from one of three base materials ( wood , brick , and metal ) , and in a number of configurations , including floors / ceilings , walls , stairs , and ramps ; players have the ability to edit these for more configurations , such as adding a door or window to a wall . Each fortification part can be upgraded with more resources of the same type to improve their durability , and when they are damaged , can be repaired by spending additional resources . Traps , which have a limited number of activation before they fall apart , can be placed on floors , walls , and ceilings , and arranged in means to make them more lethal or effective against husks . Traps may also include beneficial resources for players , such as healing pads , defender posts , and launch pads . Similarly , players can use a range of weapons but these have limited durability that drops as they are used or as a penalty if the player should be downed by husks and need to respawn without the help of allies . Players can construct new weapons , ammo , and traps from gathered resources , or find these from searching containers across the map . During missions , the game progresses through an accelerated day - night cycle ; during the day , the husks are more passive and do not generally pose immediate threats , while during the night , bands of husks may spawn in and will aggressively seek

Fortnite Battle Royale was released on Xbox in

When did fortnite battle royal come out on xbox?

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<Li> Mary White Ovington ( 2009 ) Civil rights leader </Li> <Li> Jesse Owens ( 1990 ) Track & field athlete </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <Ul> <Li> William Paca ( 1976 ) Declaration of Independence signer </Li> <Li> Ignacy Jan Paderewski ( 1960 ) Polish Prime Minister </Li> <Li> Satchel Paige ( 2000 ) Baseball player </Li> <Li> Robert Treat Paine ( 1976 ) Declaration of Independence signer </Li> </Ul> Thomas Paine on a 1969 stamp <Ul> <Li> Thomas Paine ( 1965 ) Journalist </Li> <Li> Nathaniel Palmer ( 1988 ) Antarctic explorer </Li> <Li> George Papanicolaou ( 1978 ) Cytologist </Li> <Li> Al Parker ( 2001 ) Illustrator </Li> <Li> Charlie Parker ( 1995 ) Jazz musician and composer </Li> </Ul> Franklin Pierce on a 1938 stamp <Ul> <Li> Dorothy Parker ( 1992 ) Author </Li> <Li> Francis Parkman ( 1965 ) Historian </Li> <Li> Rosa Parks ( 2013 ) Civil rights activist </Li> <Li> Maxfield Parrish ( 2001 ) Illustrator </Li> </Ul> Pocahontas on a 1907 stamp <Ul> <Li> Alden Partridge ( 1985 ) Educator </Li> <Li> George S. Patton , Jr. ( 1953 ) World War II Army General </Li> <Li> Alice Paul ( 1995 ) Suffragist and feminist </Li> <Li> Linus Pauling ( 2008 ) Chemist </Li> <Li> Ethel L. Payne ( 2002 ) Journalist </Li> <Li> Charles Willson Peale ( 1955 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Rembrandt Peale ( 1998 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Rubens Peale ( 1998 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Robert Edwin Peary ( 1959 ) Arctic explorer </Li> <Li> Gregory Peck , ( 2011 ) Actor </Li> <Li> Phoebe Pember ( 1995 ) Confederate nurse </Li> <Li> William Penn ( 1932 ) Pennsylvania founder </Li> <Li> Claude Pepper ( 2000 ) Senator </Li> </Ul> Salem Poor on a 1975 stamp <Ul> <Li> Frances Perkins ( 1980 ) Secretary of Labor </Li> <Li> Matthew Perry ( 1953 ) Navy Commodore </Li> <Li> Oliver Hazard Perry ( 1870 ) Naval officer </Li> <Li> John J. Pershing ( 1961 ) World War I General </Li> <Li> Perugino ( 1986 ) Painter </Li> <Li> John Frederick Peto ( 1974 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Ammi Phillips ( 1998 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Coles Phillips ( 2001 ) Illustrator </Li> <Li> Édith Piaf ( 2012 ) Singer </Li> <Li> Ben Pickett ( 1994 ) brother of Bill Pickett , accidentally placed on stamp when his brother Bill was meant to appear ; stamp recalled and replaced </Li> <Li> Bill Pickett ( 1994 ) Wild West performer </Li> <Li> Franklin Pierce ( 1938 ) 14th President </Li> </Ul> Kazimierz Pułaski on a 1931 stamp <Ul> <Li> Sano di Pietro ( 1997 ) Painter </Li> <Li> William T. Piper ( 1990 ) Aviation pioneer </Li> <Li> ZaSu Pitts ( 1994 ) Actress </Li> <Li> Sylvia Plath ( 2012 ) Poet </Li> <Li> Pocahontas ( 1907 ) Algonquian princess </Li> <Li> Edgar Allan Poe ( 1949 ) Author </Li> <Li> Jean Baptiste Point du Sable ( 1987 ) Chicago settler </Li> <Li> Clark V. Poling ( 1948 ) One of the Four Chaplains </Li> <Li> George Polk ( 2008 ) Journalist </Li> <Li> James K. Polk ( 1938 ) 11th President </Li> <Li> Jackson Pollock ( 1999 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Lily Pons ( 1997 ) Soprano </Li> <Li> Rosa Ponselle ( 1997 ) Soprano </Li> <Li> Salem Poor ( 1975 ) Revolutionary War soldier </Li> <Li> Cole Porter ( 1991 ) Composer and songwriter </Li> <Li> David D. Porter ( 1937 ) Civil War naval officer </Li> <Li> Katherine Anne Porter ( 2006 ) Author </Li> <Li> Emily Post ( 1998 ) Author </Li> <Li> Wiley Post ( 1979 ) Aviator </Li> <Li> John Wesley Powell ( 1969 ) Geologist </Li> <Li> Albert Préjean ( 2008 ) Actor </Li> <Li> Elvis Presley ( 1993 , 2015 ) Rock and roll singer and musician </Li> <Li> Joseph Priestley ( 1983 ) Chemist </Li> <Li> Tito Puente ( 2011 ) Drummer </Li> <Li> Kazimierz Pułaski ( 1931 ) Revolutionary War soldier ( spelled Casimir Pulaski on the stamp ) </Li> <Li> Joseph Pulitzer ( 1947 ) Journalist </Li> <Li> Lewis B. `` Chesty '' Puller ( 2005 ) Marine Corps General </Li> <Li> Rufus Putnam ( 1937 ) Northwest Territory settler </Li> <Li> Ernest Taylor Pyle ( 1971 ) Journalist </Li> </Ul> Ernest Taylor Pyle on a 1971 stamp <Ul> <Li> Howard Pyle ( 1964 ) Illustrator </Li> </Ul> <H2> Q ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Harriet Quimby ( 1991 ) Pilot </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <Ul> <Li> Gertrude `` Ma '' Rainey ( 1994 ) Blues singer </Li> <Li> Ayn Rand ( 1999 ) Author </Li> <Li> Asa Philip Randolph ( 1989 ) Labor & Civil Rights advocate </Li> <Li> Raphael ( 1973 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings ( 2008 ) Author </Li> <Li> Man Ray ( 2002 , 2013 ) Photographer </Li> <Li> Sam Rayburn ( 1962 ) Legislator </Li> </Ul> Sam Rayburn on a 1962 stamp <Ul> <Li> George Read ( 1976 ) , lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence . </Li> <Li> Ronald Reagan ( 2005 , 2011 ) 40th President </Li> <Li> Red Cloud ( 1987 ) Oglala Sioux Chief </Li> <Li> Otis Redding ( 1993 ) Soul singer and songwriter </Li> <Li> Walter Reed ( 1940 ) Army surgeon </Li> <Li> Frederic Remington ( 1940 ) Sculptor , painter </Li> <Li> James Renwick , Jr. ( 1980 ) Architect </Li> <Li> Ernst Reuter ( 1959 ) Berlin Mayor </Li> </Ul> Ernst Reuter on a 1958 stamp <Ul> <Li> Bernard Revel ( 1986 ) Educator </Li> <Li> Paul Revere ( 1958 ) Revolutionary War patriot </Li> <Li> Frederick Hurten Rhead ( 2011 ) Industrial designer </Li> <Li> Gilbert Rohde ( 2011 ) Industrial designer </Li> <Li> Henry Hobson Richardson ( 1980 ) Architect </Li> <Li> Eddie Rickenbacker ( 1995 ) World War I fighter pilot </Li> <Li> James Whitcomb Riley ( 1940 ) Poet </Li> </Ul> Paul Revere on a 1958 stamp <Ul> <Li> Paul Robeson ( 2004 ) Actor , singer , civil Rights advocate </Li> <Li> Edward G. Robinson ( 2000 ) Actor </Li> <Li> Jackie Robinson ( 1982 ) Baseball player </Li> </Ul> Eleanor Roosevelt on a 1963 stamp <Ul> <Li> Sugar Ray Robinson ( 2006 ) Boxer </Li> <Li> Comte de Rochambeau ( 1931 ) Revolutionary War General </Li> <Li> Knute Rockne ( 1988 ) Football coach </Li> <Li> Norman Rockwell ( 1972 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Jimmie Rodgers ( 1978 ) Country singer , musician , and songwriter </Li> <Li> Richard Rodgers ( 1999 ) Composer </Li> <Li> Theodore Roethke ( 2012 ) Poet </Li> <Li> Roy Rogers ( 2010 ) Singer , Actor </Li> <Li> Will Rogers ( 1948 ) Humorist </Li> <Li> Felipe Rojas - Lombardi ( 2014 ) Chef , cookbook author </Li> <Li> Antoniazzo Romano ( 1991 ) Painter </Li> </Ul> Franklin D. Roosevelt on a 1945 stamp <Ul> <Li> Eleanor Roosevelt ( 1963 ) First Lady </Li> <Li> Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( 1945 ) 32nd President </Li> <Li> Theodore Roosevelt ( 1922 , 1938 ) 26th President </Li> <Li> Betsy Ross ( 1952 ) American flag creator </Li> <Li> George Ross ( 1952 ) Relative of Betsy Ross </Li> <Li> Mark Rothko ( 1998 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Edward Rutledge ( 1976 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Wilma Rudolph ( 2004 ) Track & field athlete </Li> <Li> Benjamin Rush ( 1976 ) Declaration of Independence signer </Li> <Li> Jimmy Rushing ( 1994 ) Blues singer </Li> </Ul> Theodore Roosevelt on a 1922 stamp <Ul> <Li> A.J. Russell ( 1944 ) Photographer </Li> <Li> Charles M. Russell ( 1961 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Richard Russell , Jr. ( 1984 ) Statesman </Li> <Li> George Herman `` Babe '' Ruth ( 1983 ) Baseball player </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <Ul> <Li> Eero Saarinen ( 1982 ) Architect </Li> <Li> Albert Sabin ( 2006 ) Virologist </Li> <Li> Sacagawea ( 1994 ) Shoshone guide </Li> <Li> Augustus Saint - Gaudens ( 1940 ) Sculptor </Li> <Li> Rubén Salazar ( 2008 ) Journalist </Li> <Li> Peter Salem ( 1968 ) Revolutionary War soldier </Li> <Li> Jonas Salk ( 2006 ) Medical scientist </Li> <Li> Haym Salomon ( 1975 ) Revolutionary War financier </Li> </Ul> Haym Salomon on a 1975 stamp <Ul> <Li> William T. Sampson ( 1937 ) Navy Admiral </Li> <Li> José de San Martín ( 1959 ) South American liberator </Li> <Li> Carl Sandburg ( 1978 ) Poet </Li> <Li> Henry Sandham ( 1925 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Winthrop Sargent ( 1948 ) Mississippi Territory Governor </Li> <Li> William Saroyan ( 1991 ) Author </Li> <Li> Sassoferrato ( 2009 ) Painer </Li> <Li> Winfield S. Schley ( 1937 ) Navy Admiral </Li> <Li> Albert Schoenhut ( 1997 ) Doll designer </Li> <Li> Carl Schurz ( 1983 ) Journalist </Li> <Li> Blanche Stuart Scott ( 1980 ) Aviator </Li> <Li> Winfield Scott ( 1870 ) Army General </Li> <Li> Selena ( 2011 ) Singer </Li> <Li> David O. Selznick ( 2003 ) Motion picture producer </Li> <Li> Raphael Semmes ( 1995 ) Naval officer </Li> <Li> Sequoyah ( 1980 ) Cherokee linguist </Li> <Li> Rod Serling ( 2009 ) Writer </Li> <Li> Junipero Serra ( 1985 ) Franciscan mission founder </Li> <Li> John Sevier ( 1946 ) Tennessee Governor </Li> <Li> William H. Seward ( 1873 ) Secretary of State </Li> <Li> Eric Sevareid ( 2008 ) Journalist </Li> <Li> Chief Shadoo ( 1930 ) Kiowa Chief </Li> </Ul> William Shakespeare on a 1938 stamp <Ul> <Li> William Shakespeare ( 1964 ) Playwright </Li> <Li> Charles Sheeler ( 1998 , 2013 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Alan Shepard ( 2011 ) Astronaut </Li> <Li> Philip Henry Sheridan ( 1937 ) Civil War General </Li> </Ul> William Tecumseh Sherman on an 1893 stamp <Ul> <Li> Roger Sherman ( 1976 ) Declaration of Independence signatory </Li> <Li> William Tecumseh Sherman ( 1893 ) Civil War General </Li> <Li> Dinah Shore ( 2009 ) Singer </Li> <Li> Igor Sikorsky ( 1988 ) Aircraft engineer </Li> <Li> Phil Silvers ( 2009 ) Comedian </Li> <Li> William S. Sims ( 2010 ) Admiral </Li> <Li> Frank Sinatra ( 2008 ) Singer / actor </Li> <Li> Elisabetta Sirani ( 1994 ) Painter </Li> <Li> George Sisler ( 2000 ) Baseball player </Li> <Li> Sitting Bull ( 1989 ) Hunkpapa Sioux warrior </Li> <Li> Red Skelton ( 2009 ) Comedian </Li> </Ul> John French Sloan on a 1971 stamp <Ul> <Li> John French Sloan ( 1971 ) Painter </Li> <Li> Alfred E. Smith ( 1945 ) New York Governor </Li> <Li> Bessie Smith ( 1994 ) Blues singer </Li> <Li> Jessie Willcox Smith ( 2001 ) Illustrator </Li> <Li> John Smith ( 1907 ) Jamestown settler </Li> <Li> Kate Smith ( 2010 ) Singer </Li> <Li> Margaret Chase Smith ( 2007 ) U.S. senator </Li> <Li> W. Eugene Smith ( 2002 ) Photographer </Li> <Li> John Philip Sousa ( 1940 ) Composer </Li> <Li> Franklin Sousley ( 1945 ) Iwo Jima </Li> <Li> Albert Southworth ( 2002 ) Photographer </Li> </Ul> Edwin M. Stanton on an 1871 stamp <Ul> <Li> Tris Speaker ( 2000 ) Baseball player </Li> <Li> Elmer Sperry ( 1985 ) Aviation pioneer Note : the wrong photograph was used as the basis for the stamp , which actually pictures Elmer Sperry 's father . </Li> <Li> Lawrence Sperry ( 1985 ) Aviation pioneer </Li> <Li> Joel Elias Spingarn ( 2009 ) Civil rights leader </Li> <Li> Leland Stanford ( 1944 ) Railroad tycoon , politician , & philanthropist </Li> <Li> Edwin M. Stanton ( 1871 ) Secretary of War </Li> <Li> Elizabeth Cady Stanton ( 1948 ) Suffragist , feminist , and abolitionist </Li> <Li> Willie Stargell ( 2012 ) Baseball player </Li> <Li> Vilhjalmur Stefansson ( 1986 ) Arctic explorer </Li> <Li> Edward Steichen ( 2002 ) Photographer </Li> <Li> John Steinbeck ( 1979 ) Author </Li> <Li> Max Steiner ( 1999 ) Composer </Li> <Li> Charles Steinmetz ( 1983 ) Electrical inventor </Li> <Li> Joseph Stella ( 2013 ) Modern artist </Li> </Ul> Adlai Stevenson on a 1965 stamp <Ul> <Li> Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben ( 1930 ) Revolutionary War general </Li> <Li> Wallace Stevens ( 2012 ) Poet </Li> <Li> Adlai Stevenson ( 1965 )

The first baseball player to be featured on a postage stamp was

Who was the first baseball player to be featured on a postage stamp?

3929376598998928646

under one name and system of policies . Around the same time , The Permanente Company was also chartered as a vehicle to provide investment opportunities for the for - profit Permanente Medical Groups . One of the ventures of the Permanente Company is Kaiser Permanente Ventures , a venture capital firm that invests in emerging medical technologies . </P> Kaiser Permanente 's headquarters ( the Ordway Building in downtown Oakland ) One of Kaiser 's six other office buildings in Oakland <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Kaiser Sunset Hospital complex in Los Angeles , California <H3> Early years ( edit ) </H3> <P> The history of Kaiser Permanente dates to 1933 and a tiny hospital in the town of Desert Center , California . At that time , Henry J. Kaiser and several other large construction contractors had formed an insurance consortium called Industrial Indemnity to meet their workers ' compensation obligations . Dr. Sidney Garfield had just finished his residency at Los Angeles County - USC Medical Center at a time when jobs were scarce ; fortunately , he was able to secure a contract with Industrial Indemnity to care for 5,000 construction workers building the Colorado River Aqueduct in the Mojave Desert . Soon enough , Garfield 's new hospital was in a precarious financial state ( with mounting debt and the staff of three going unpaid ) , due in part to Garfield 's desire to treat all patients regardless of ability to pay , as well as his insistence on equipping the hospital adequately so that critically injured patients could be stabilized for the long journey to full - service hospitals in Los Angeles . </P> <P> However , Garfield won over two Industrial Indemnity executives , Harold Hatch and Alonzo B. Ordway . It was Hatch who proposed to Garfield the specific solution that would lead to the creation of Kaiser Permanente : Industrial Indemnity would prepay 17.5 % of premiums , or $1.50 per worker per month , to cover work - related injuries , while the workers would each contribute five cents per day to cover non-work - related injuries . Later , Garfield also credited Ordway with coming up with the general idea of prepayment for industrial healthcare . Garfield also later explained that he did not know much at the time about other similar health plans except for the Ross - Loos Medical Group . </P> <P> Hatch 's solution enabled Garfield to bring his budget back into the positive , and to experiment with providing a broader range of services to the workers besides pure emergency care . By the time work on the aqueduct concluded and the project was wrapped up , Garfield had paid off all his debts , was supervising ten physicians at three hospitals , and controlled a financial reserve of $150,000 . </P> <P> Garfield returned to Los Angeles for further study at County - USC with the intent of entering private practice . However , in March 1938 , Consolidated Industries ( a consortium led by the Kaiser Company ) initiated work on a contract for the upper half of the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington state , and took over responsibility for the thousands of workers who had worked for a different construction consortium on the first half of the dam . Edgar Kaiser , Henry 's son , was in charge of the project . To smooth over relations with the workers ( who had been treated poorly by their earlier employer ) , Hatch and Ordway persuaded Edgar to meet with Garfield , and in turn Edgar persuaded Garfield to tour the Grand Coulee site . Garfield subsequently agreed to reproduce at Grand Coulee Dam what he had done on the Colorado River Aqueduct project . He immediately spent $100,000 on renovating the decrepit Mason City Hospital and hired seven physicians . </P> <P> Unlike the workers on Garfield 's first project , many workers at Grand Coulee Dam had brought dependents with them . The unions soon forced the Kaiser Company to expand its plan to cover dependents , which resulted in a dramatic shift from industrial medicine into family practice and enabled Garfield to formulate some of the basic principles of Kaiser Permanente . It was also during this time that Henry Kaiser personally became acquainted with Garfield and forged a friendship which lasted until Kaiser 's death . </P> <H3> World War II ( edit ) </H3> Kaiser Field Hospital in Richmond , California . Defunct since 1995 <P> In 1939 , the Kaiser Company began work on several huge shipbuilding contracts in Oakland , and by the end of 1941 would control four major shipyards on the West Coast . During 1940 , the expansion of the American defense - industrial complex in preparation for entrance into World War II resulted in a massive increase in the number of employees at the Richmond shipyard . In January 1941 , Henry Kaiser asked Garfield to set up an insurance plan for the Richmond workers ( this was merely contract negotiation with insurance companies ) , and a year later Kaiser asked Garfield to duplicate at Richmond what he had done at Desert Center and Mason City . Unlike the two other projects , the resulting entity lived on after the construction project that gave birth to it , and it is the direct ancestor of today 's Kaiser Permanente . </P> <P> On March 1 , 1942 , Sidney R. Garfield & Associates opened its offices in Oakland to provide care to 20,000 workers , followed by the opening of the Permanente Health Plan on June 1 . From the beginning , Kaiser Permanente strongly supported preventive medicine and attempted to educate its members about maintaining their own health . </P> <P> In July , the Permanente Foundation formed to operate Northern California hospitals that would be linked to the outpatient health plans , followed shortly thereafter by the creation of Northern Permanente Foundation for Oregon and Washington and Southern Permanente Foundation for California . The name Permanente came from Permanente Creek , which flowed past Henry Kaiser 's first cement plant on Black Mountain in Cupertino , California . Kaiser 's first wife , Bess Fosburgh , liked the name . An abandoned Oakland facility was modernized as the 170 - bed Permanente Hospital opened on August 1 , 1942 . Three weeks later , the 71 - bed Richmond Field Hospital opened . Six first aid stations were set up in the shipyards to treat industrial accidents and minor illness . Each first aid station had an ambulance ready to rush patients to the surgical field hospital if required . Stabilized patients could be moved to the larger hospital for recuperative care . The Northern Permanente Hospital opened two weeks later to serve workers at the Kaiser shipyard in Vancouver , Washington . Shipyard workers paid seven cents per day for comprehensive health care coverage ; and within a year the shipyard health plan employed sixty physicians with salaries between $450 and $1,000 per month . These physicians established California Physicians Service to offer similar health coverage to the families of shipyard workers . In 1944 , Kaiser decided to continue the program after the war and to open it up to the general public . </P> <P> Meanwhile , during the war years , the American Medical Association ( AMA ) ( which opposed managed care organizations from their very beginning ) tried to defuse demand for managed care by promoting the rapid expansion of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield preferred provider organization networks . </P> <P> Courage to Heal , a novel by KP Historical Society President , Paul Bernstein , MD , is based on the story of Garfield 's life , his struggles with the AMA , and the origins of Kaiser Permanente . </P> <H3> Postwar growth ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1948 , Kaiser established the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation , ( also known as Kaiser Family Foundation ) , a U.S. - based , non-profit , private operating foundation focusing on the major health care issues facing the nation . The Foundation , not associated with Kaiser Permanente or Kaiser Industries , is an independent voice and source of facts and analysis for policymakers , the media , the health care community , and the general public . </P> <P> The end of World War II brought about a huge plunge in Kaiser Permanente membership ; for example , 50,000 workers had left the Northern California yards by July 1945 . Membership bottomed out at 17,000 for the entire system but then surged back to 26,000 within six months as Garfield aggressively marketed his plan to the public . Sidney Garfield & Associates had been a sole proprietorship , but in 1948 , it was reorganized into a partnership , Permanente Medical Group . </P> <P> During this period , a substantial amount of growth came from union members ; the unions saw Kaiser Permanente care as more affordable and comprehensive than what was available at the time from private physicians under the fee - for - service system . For example , Fortune magazine had reported in 1944 that 90 % of the U.S. population could not afford fee - for - service healthcare . Kaiser Permanente membership soared to 154,000 in 1950 , 283,000 in 1952 , 470,000 in 1954 , 556,000 in 1956 , and 618,000 in 1958 . </P> <P> From 1944 onward , both Kaiser Permanente and Garfield fought numerous attacks from the AMA and various state and local medical societies . Henry Kaiser came to the defense of both Garfield and the health plans he had created . </P> <P> In 1951 , the organization acquired its current name when Henry Kaiser unilaterally directed the trustees of the health plans , hospital foundations , and medical groups to add his name before Permanente . However , the physicians in the Permanente Medical Group deeply resented the implication that they were directly controlled by Kaiser , and successfully forced him to back off with respect to their part of the organization . That same year , Kaiser Permanente also began experiments with large - scale multiphasic screening to identify unknown conditions and to facilitate treatment of known ones . Simultaneously , although no one questioned his medical competence , Garfield 's deficiencies as an executive were becoming apparent as the organization expanded far beyond his ability to manage it properly . </P> <P> Henry Kaiser became fascinated with the healthcare system created for him by Garfield and began to directly manage Kaiser Permanente and Garfield . This resulted in a financial disaster when Kaiser splurged on the new Walnut Creek hospital ; his constant intermeddling led to significant friction at every level of the organization . The situation was not helped by Kaiser 's marriage to Garfield 's head administrative nurse ( who had helped care for Kaiser 's first wife on her deathbed ) , convincing Garfield to marry the sister of that nurse , and then having Garfield move in next door to him . Clifford Keene ( who would eventually serve as president of Kaiser Permanente ) later recalled that this arrangement resulted in a rather dysfunctional and combative family in charge of Kaiser Permanente . </P> <P> Keene was an experienced Permanente physician whom Garfield had personally hired in 1946 . During 1953 he had been trying to get a job at U.S. Steel , but on the morning of December 5 , 1953 , with internal tensions worsening day by day , Garfield met with Keene at the Mark Hopkins Hotel in San Francisco and asked him to turn around the organization . It took Keene 15 years to realize that Kaiser had forced Garfield to ask Keene to become his replacement . Due to the chaos on the board , Keene at first took control with the vague title of Executive Associate , but it soon became clear to everyone that he was actually in charge and Garfield was to become a lobbyist and `` ambassador '' for the HMO concept

The name "Kaiser Permanente" originated from

Where did the name kaiser permanente come from?

-7504769624068905017

Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door - wikipedia <H1> Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Bob Dylan </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Turkey Chase '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> July 13 , 1973 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> February 1973 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Folk rock , gospel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Columbia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bob Dylan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Gordon Carroll </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Bob Dylan singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` George Jackson '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` A Fool Such as I '' ( 1973 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` George Jackson '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` A Fool Such as I '' ( 1973 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door '' is a song written and sung by Bob Dylan , for the soundtrack of the 1973 film Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid . Released as a single , it reached No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart . Described by Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin as `` an exercise in splendid simplicity '' , the song , in terms of the number of other artists who have covered it , is one of Dylan 's most popular post-1960s compositions . </P> <P> Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Chart history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 1.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Cover versions <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Eric Clapton version </Li> <Li> 2.2 Guns N ' Roses versions <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Charts </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Dunblane tribute </Li> <Li> 2.4 Other cover versions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Sampled version </Li> <Li> 4 Soundtrack inclusions </Li> <Li> 5 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Chart history ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1973 - 74 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia KMR </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada RPM Top Singles </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada RPM Adult Contemporary </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK ( OCC ) </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Adult Contemporary </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1973 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 92 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US ( Joel Whitburn 's Pop Annual ) </Td> <Td> 104 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Eric Clapton version ( edit ) </H3> <P> In January 1975 Eric Clapton played on Jamaican singer Arthur Louis ' recording of `` Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door '' arranged in a reggae style . Subsequently , Clapton recorded his own reggae - style version of the song which was released in August 1975 , two weeks after Louis 's version was released as a single in July 1975 . Clapton 's single peaked at No. 38 in the UK Singles Chart . The single was less successful in the US , only reaching No. 109 in Cash Box . Clapton 's 1996 boxed set Crossroads 2 : Live in the Seventies features a performance recorded in London in April 1977 . The song was also performed during the Journeyman and One More Car , One More Rider world tours in 1990 and 2003 . Additionally , the song has been included on several Clapton compilation albums , such as Time Pieces : The Best of Eric Clapton , Backtrackin ' , The Cream of Clapton and Complete Clapton . </P> <H3> Guns N ' Roses versions ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Song by Guns N ' Roses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Days of Thunder ( soundtrack ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> June 26 , 1990 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Hard rock , blues rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 5 : 36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Geffen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bob Dylan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mike Clink </Li> <Li> Guns N ' Roses </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1992 UK picture sleeve </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Guns N ' Roses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Use Your Illusion II </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Hard rock , blues rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 5 : 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Geffen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bob Dylan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mike Clink </Li> <Li> Guns N ' Roses </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Guns N ' Roses singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Live and Let Die '' ( 1991 ) </Td> <Td> `` Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door '' ( 1992 ) </Td> <Td> `` November Rain '' ( 1992 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Live and Let Die '' ( 1991 ) </Td> <Td> `` Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door '' ( 1992 ) </Td> <Td> `` November Rain '' ( 1992 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In 1987 , Guns N ' Roses started including the song in their live sets . A live version of the song was released on the maxi - single of `` Welcome to the Jungle '' the same year . They recorded a studio version in 1990 for the soundtrack of the film Days of Thunder which reached No. 18 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart in 1990 . This version was later slightly modified for the 1991 album Use Your Illusion II ( basically discarding the responses in the second verse ) . Released as the fourth single from the album , it reached No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart as well as No. 12 in Australia and No. 1 in Ireland . Their performance of the song at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert in 1992 was used as the B - side for the single release and was also included on their Live Era : ' 87 -- ' 93 album , released in 1999 . The music video for this version of the song was directed by Andy Morahan . </P> Charts ( edit ) <Dl> <Dt> Weekly charts </Dt> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1992 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Finland ( The Official Finnish Charts ) </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> France ( SNEP ) </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Norway ( VG - lista ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Mainstream Rock ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Year - end charts </Dt> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1992 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Certifications ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Italy ( FIMI ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Dunblane tribute ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1996 and with the consent of Dylan , Scottish musician Ted Christopher wrote a new verse for `` Knockin ' on Heaven 's Door '' in memory of the schoolchildren and teacher killed in the Dunblane school massacre . This has been , according to some sources , one of the few times Dylan has officially authorized anybody to add or change the lyrics to one of his songs . This version of the song , including children from the village singing the chorus with guitarist and producer of Dylan 's album Infidels ( 1983 ) , Mark Knopfler , was released on December 9 in the UK and reached No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart . The proceeds went to charities for children . The song was featured on the compilation album Hits 97 , where all royalties from the song were given to three separate charities . </P> <H3> Other cover versions ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Two different live versions by Fairport Convention recorded in February 1974 at the Troubadour in Los Angeles were released . One on the Sandy Denny box set Who Knows Where the Time Goes in 1985 , and the other on her anthology A Boxful of Treasures in 2004 . </Li> <Li> A live version by Cold Chisel appears on their 1981 live album Swingshift . </Li> <Li> A live version by Television appears on their 1982 album The Blow - Up . </Li> <Li> Danny & Dusty released a version of the song on their 1985 album The Lost Weekend . </Li> <Li> Heaven released a version of the song on the group 's 1985 album , Knockin ' On Heaven 's Door . </Li> <Li> Randy Crawford released a version of this song on her album Rich and Poor in 1989 , featuring Eric Clapton and David Sanborn . </Li> <Li> Vlado Kreslin released his live version on his album Pikapolonica in 1996 . It was performed by Beltinška banda . </Li> <Li> S Vremena Na Vreme released a cover on their live album Unplugged in 1997 . </Li> <Li> The Brazilian singer Zé Ramalho released a Portuguese version of Dylan 's song called `` Batendo na Porta do Céu '' in his 1997 album Antologia Acústica ( Acoustic Anthology ) . </Li> <Li> Warren Zevon released a version of the song on his 2003 album The Wind , shortly before his death from cancer in September of that year . </Li> <Li> Avril Lavigne released

The song "Knock, Knock, Knocking on Heaven's Door" was written by

Who wrote knock knock knocking on heavens door?

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dimension who arrived on Earth several centuries ago , establishing himself in Brennenburg under the guise of a baron and constantly prolonging his life with `` vitae '' , a substance harvested from tortured humans , whom he has been hunting for this purpose . He has been seeking a way to use an orb to return to his dimension , and now needs to do this as soon as possible since he fears that other nobles no longer trust him . As Daniel nears the Inner Sanctum , he encounters Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa , a man who had once studied the orbs with his student Johann Weyer and has since been kept alive and imprisoned by Alexander . He tells Daniel that Weyer has been able to harness the power of the orbs to travel between dimensions , which Alexander is preparing to do right now , and instructs him in finding the pieces of what used to be his own orb , which is needed to breach the Inner Sanctum . Agrippa also asks Daniel to take with him his head , which can be severed alive using a tonic invented by Weyer , and throw it into the inter-dimensional portal after Alexander opens it . Once Daniel enters the Inner Sanctum , there are three possible endings : he can let Alexander succeed , then be killed by the Shadow and descend into darkness , while Alexander tells him his sacrifice will be forever celebrated ; he can prevent the portal from opening , then leave the castle content with his redemption after the Shadow kills only Alexander ; or he can throw Agrippa 's head into the portal , which leaves the Shadow to kill both Alexander and Daniel , though Agrippa promises to save Daniel from descending into darkness , calling upon Weyer to help him . </P> <H3> Amnesia : Justine downloadable content ( edit ) </H3> <P> The player takes control of an unnamed female character , who awakens with amnesia in a dungeon cell , accompanied only by a phonograph . This phonograph contains a recording by a woman named Justine , who tells the player character that she is the subject of a psychological test . The player character is then allowed to escape , or die trying . </P> <P> The player character is presented with several puzzles to solve . In each , she has the option of simply abandoning the puzzle and walking away , but doing so will cause an innocent victim contained within ( a doctor , a priest and a policeman ) to die . She is also stalked by the Suitors , three monstrous characters whom Justine ( through additional phonographs ) reveals to be her own former paramours , now twisted by physical and psychological torture . The player character may also collect notes scattered throughout the testing environs , which give additional background information on the Suitors and Justine herself . </P> <P> The game 's exact ending depends on how many puzzles the player has chosen to solve , and thus how many victims survived . However , all of them proceed along roughly the same lines : after surviving the puzzle sections , the nameless female discovers a phonograph dangling from the ceiling , which causes the walls of the chamber to begin moving inward as though to squash the protagonist . She passes out , but awakens unharmed and begins to congratulate herself . The protagonist is Justine , who staged the entire experiment to see if she still had any compassion for humanity within herself . Armed with her new - found knowledge , she moves forward into the ending sequence , in which any surviving victims thank her ( not realizing she does not intend to free them now that her memory is restored ) and , if none were saved , the Suitors , trapped , shout threats upon her ; it is also possible to change Justine 's final lines if a hidden document is found in the Library . Then she goes upstairs back to her house to prepare herself to attend her guests for an imminent party . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <P> Work began on the game while Penumbra : Requiem was still being developed , with the company working on both projects at the same time . The game was first known under two working titles : Unknown and Lux Tenebras . It was not until 13 November 2009 that it was announced as its current title , Amnesia , with the release of the game 's website and a game trailer . Initial designs of the game varied considerably from the final game , with the developers interested in reintroducing more combat elements similar to those utilized in their first commercial title Penumbra : Overture . The developers soon discovered that they encountered many of the same problems and difficulties that plagued the combat in that game however , and the design was further changed to be more similar to the style set out by Overture 's sequel Penumbra : Black Plague . </P> <P> On 5 February 2010 it was announced that the game had reached the alpha stage of development on all platforms . Two weeks later the developers released a new teaser trailer that showed actual game - play footage , and the developers began accepting pre-orders for the game through their website . Also revealed was that the game was at that point being tested on all three intended platforms . It was also announced that the game would be released simultaneously for all of them in August 2010 . This was later rescheduled , and the game was then expected to have a 8 September 2010 release . It was then later announced on 27 August 2010 that the game had officially gone Gold and would soon be ready to sold . On 3 September , the games demo was released containing selected parts of the gameplay and story . It was then successfully released on 8 September 2010 . </P> <P> If the game reached 2000 pre-orders by 31 May 2010 , Frictional promised it would release extra content for the game . The goal was finally met in early May , after the pre-orders were offered at a discount made available until 31 May . This was done due to the success of Penumbra : Overture as a part of the first Humble Indie Bundle . The extra content was revealed to be commentary , and they explained in the comments section of the same page that its intended function was similar to that of Valve Corporation 's commentary system that began in the Half - Life 2 series . The authors cite `` Soul Made Flesh '' by Carl Zimmer and older horror movies such as The Haunting as being inspirations for the mood and style of the game . </P> <P> Thomas Grip , one of the games main developers , would later write up a post-mortem of the game titled `` The Terrifying Tale of Amnesia '' for The Escapist , where he outlined in detail the process of the game 's development , mostly focusing on its ever - changing design and the financial problems that plagued the developers for most of the game 's development . </P> <P> A PlayStation 4 version -- Amnesia Collection -- was released on 22 November 2016 via PlayStation Network ; this title includes The Dark Descent , its expansion Amnesia : Justine , and the sequel Amnesia : A Machine for Pigs . </P> <P> Just two days after its release on PS4 Frictional Games posted a tweet stating that the port managed to recoup all costs and `` more '' . </P> <H3> Audio ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Amnesia : The Dark Descent ( Original Soundtrack ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by Mikko Tarmia </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 17 May 2011 ( 2011 - 05 - 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Video game soundtrack </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 34 : 41 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> The Sound of Fiction </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The game 's music was composed by Mikko Tarmia and released for download on 17 May 2011 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> ( show ) Amnesia The Dark Descent Soundtrack track list </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Menu Theme '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Darkness '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Lux Tenebras '' </Td> <Td> 3 : 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> `` Grand Hall '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> `` Ending : Alexander '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 53 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> `` Next To The Guardian '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 49 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 . </Td> <Td> `` Theme For Unknown '' </Td> <Td> 3 : 04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 . </Td> <Td> `` Dark Water '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 . </Td> <Td> `` Daniel 's Room '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 08 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 . </Td> <Td> `` Grunt 's Appearance '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 . </Td> <Td> `` Back Hall '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 . </Td> <Td> `` Ending : Agrippa '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 . </Td> <Td> `` Suitor Attacks '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 . </Td> <Td> `` Basement Storage '' </Td> <Td> 2 : 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 . </Td> <Td> `` Brennenburg Theme '' </Td> <Td> 3 : 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 . </Td> <Td> `` Hub '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 . </Td> <Td> `` Ending : Alexander '' ( alternative version ) </Td> <Td> 2 : 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 . </Td> <Td> `` Bridges '' </Td> <Td> 1 : 06 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 . </Td> <Td> `` The End '' </Td> <Td> 2 : 05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Total length : </Td> <Td> 34 : 41 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Downloadable content ( edit ) </H2> <P> On 12 April 2011 Frictional Games released an extra free level for owners of the Steam version of Amnesia . This additional campaign is set apart from Brennenburg Castle . Justine was released on Steam as a way to promote the upcoming release of Portal 2 , as getting 100 % on the campaign ( all of the collectables , all of the analysis and making correct choices ) unlocks a message from fictional company Aperture Science . The content was made available for all of the games supported platforms and versions as part of the Amnesia v1. 2 update on 17 May 2011 . </P> <H3> Custom stories ( edit ) </H3> <P> It is possible to create custom stories for Amnesia that can then be loaded in the game . Various tools for the HPL2 Engine have been released that allow the creation of own levels , models , particle effects and materials , using an interface similar to Valve 's Hammer Editing Software . Game logic can be implemented using the AngelScript scripting language . A prominent example of a custom story is Penumbra : Necrologue , a fan - made sequel to Frictional 's earlier Penumbra series . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Reception </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Aggregate scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aggregator </Th> <Th> Score </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> GameRankings </Td> <Td> 86.10 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Metacritic </Td> <Td> 85 / 100 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Review scores </Th>

Amnesia: The Dark Descent was released on

When did amnesia the dark descent come out?

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the opposite phrase , `` Beat Army ! '' is ingrained . They have become a symbol of competitiveness , not just in the Army -- Navy Game , but in the service of their country , and are often used at the close of ( informal ) letters by graduates of both academies . A long - standing tradition at the Army - Navy football game is to conduct a formal `` prisoner exchange '' as part of the pre-game activities . The prisoners are the cadets and midshipmen currently spending the semester studying at the sister academy . After the exchange , students have a brief reprieve to enjoy the game with their comrades . </P> In 2011 , the 112th Army -- Navy Game saw Navy 's 10th consecutive win . <P> The game is the last of three contests in the annual Commander - in - Chief 's Trophy series , awarded to each season 's winner of the triangular series between Army , Navy , and Air Force since 1972 . In years when Navy and Army have each beaten Air Force before the Army -- Navy Game ( 1972 , 1977 , 1978 , 1996 , 2005 , 2012 and 2017 ) the Army - Navy game has also determined whether Army or Navy would win this trophy . In years when Air Force has split its two games , the Army - Navy game determines whether the trophy is shared or won outright by the winner of the game . </P> <P> The rivalries Army and Navy have with Air Force are much less intense than the Army -- Navy rivalry , primarily due to the relative youth of the USAFA , established in 1954 , and the physical distance between the USAFA and the other two schools . The Army -- Air Force and Navy -- Air Force games are usually played at the academies ' regular home fields , although on occasion they have been held at a neutral field . </P> <P> Navy won 14 Army - Navy games in a row from 2002 to 2015 , the longest winning streak in the history of the series . On December 10 , 2016 , Army snapped its 14 - game losing streak against Navy with a 21 -- 17 victory . </P> <H2> Venues ( edit ) </H2> <P> Though the game has been played 118 times , only six of those games have ever been held on the campus of either academy . Neither team has ever played at an on - campus stadium nearly large enough to accommodate the large crowds that usually attend the game , as well as the media and dignitaries . Army 's Michie Stadium only seats 38,000 people , while Navy 's Navy -- Marine Corps Memorial Stadium only seats 34,000 . The game 's popularity grew enough early on that when it was revived in 1899 , it was played at a neutral site , the Franklin Field in Philadelphia . Except for the 1942 and 1943 games , which were played on - campus due to World War II travel restrictions , it has been played at a neutral site every year since . </P> Pennsylvania Railroad trains lined up at a temporary station outside the Municipal Stadium after the 1955 game . <P> Traditionally , the game is played in Philadelphia , due to the historic nature of the city and the fact that it is approximately halfway between West Point and Annapolis . Additionally , Philadelphia has always had a stadium large enough to accommodate the crowds . Philadelphia 's John F. Kennedy Stadium ( JFK ) hosted the game from 1936 to 1979 ( except for three years in World War II ) -- more than any other venue in the history of the series . It even hosted the game for several years after the 1971 construction of nearby Veterans Stadium , which finally became the game 's host in 1980 . The Pennsylvania Railroad and its successors offered game - day service to all Army -- Navy games ( except several during World War II ) at John F. Kennedy Stadium , using a sprawling temporary station constructed each year on the railroad 's nearby Greenwich freight yard . The service , with 40 - odd trains serving as many as 30,000 attendees , was the single largest concentrated passenger rail movement in the country . </P> <P> Franklin Field , on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania , hosted the game in the early twentieth century before it was moved to JFK . New York 's Polo Grounds holds the record for most games hosted outside of Philadelphia . The city of Baltimore has hosted a number of games throughout the history of the series as well , even though Baltimore is closer to Annapolis . </P> 1926 game at Chicago 's Soldier Field <P> The Rose Bowl is the only site west of the Mississippi River to host the Army -- Navy game ; it did so in 1983 . The city of Pasadena , California , paid for the travel expenses of all the students and supporters of both academies -- 9,437 in all . A substitute , however , for Bill XXII -- the Navy mascot -- and four rented Army mules were brought in . The attendance was 81,000 . The game was held at the Rose Bowl that year because there are a large number of military installations and servicemen and women , along with many retired military personnel , on the West Coast . The game has been held one other time in a non-East Coast venue , at Chicago 's Soldier Field , which played host to the 1926 game . In October 1984 , the $100,000 in costs to transport the cadets and midshipmen to the California game earned the Department of Defense a `` Golden Fleece Award '' from United States Senator William Proxmire , a Democrat from Wisconsin . </P> <P> Currently the game is played primarily at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia , the home of the Philadelphia Eagles . Since the 1980s , the game has been held roughly once every three or four years at a site other than Philadelphia . In addition to the Rose Bowl , these sites have included Giants Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey ( replaced in 2010 by MetLife Stadium , which is scheduled to host the game for the first time in 2021 ) , M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore and FedExField in Landover , Maryland . These are still considered neutral - site games , but provide locations that are closer to one academy or the other . </P> <H3> Future venues ( edit ) </H3> <P> All games through 2020 will be held at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia . MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey will host the 2021 game . The game will then return to Lincoln Financial Field for 2022 . Games beyond 2022 have yet to be awarded . </P> <H3> Total games by venue and geography ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Th> Games </Th> <Th> Army victories </Th> <Th> Navy victories </Th> <Th> Tie games </Th> <Th> First game </Th> <Th> Most recent game </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John F. Kennedy Stadium ( Philadelphia ) </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1936 </Td> <Td> 1979 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Franklin Field </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1899 </Td> <Td> 1935 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Veterans Stadium </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lincoln Financial Field </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Polo Grounds </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1913 </Td> <Td> 1927 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Giants Stadium </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> M&T Bank Stadium </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Plain </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1890 </Td> <Td> 1892 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Worden Field </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 1893 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Municipal Stadium ( Baltimore ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1924 </Td> <Td> 1944 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Yankee Stadium </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> 1931 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Osborne Field </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1905 </Td> <Td> 1905 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Soldier Field </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1926 </Td> <Td> 1926 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Thompson Stadium </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1942 </Td> <Td> 1942 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michie Stadium </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1943 </Td> <Td> 1943 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rose Bowl </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> FedExField </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Games </Th> <Th> Army victories </Th> <Th> Navy victories </Th> <Th> Tie games </Th> <Th> First game </Th> <Th> Most recent game </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Philadelphia </Td> <Td> 87 </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1899 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York City </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1913 </Td> <Td> 1931 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Baltimore </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1924 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> East Rutherford , New Jersey </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> West Point , New York </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1890 </Td> <Td> 1943 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Annapolis , Maryland </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 1942 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Princeton , New Jersey </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1905 </Td> <Td> 1905 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1926 </Td> <Td> 1926 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pasadena , California </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Landover , Maryland </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> State </Th> <Th> Games </Th> <Th> Army victories </Th> <Th> Navy victories </Th> <Th> Tie games </Th> <Th> First game </Th> <Th> Most recent game </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> 87 </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1899 </Td> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1890 </Td> <Td> 1943 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maryland </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Jersey </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1905 </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Illinois </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1926 </Td> <Td> 1926 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> California </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> CSA </Th> <Th> Games </Th> <Th> Army victories </Th>

This year's Army-Navy game is being played at

Where is this years army navy game played?

6914041288553081723

Cold turkey - wikipedia <H1> Cold turkey </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Cold turkey ( disambiguation ) . <P> `` Cold turkey '' refers to the abrupt cessation of a substance dependence and the resulting unpleasant experience , as opposed to gradually easing the process through reduction over time or by using replacement medication . The term comes from the piloerection or `` goose bumps '' that occurs with abrupt withdrawal from opioids , which resembles the skin of a plucked refrigerated turkey . </P> <P> Sudden withdrawal from drugs such as alcohol , benzodiazepines , and barbiturates can be extremely dangerous , leading to potentially fatal seizures . For long - term alcoholics , going cold turkey can cause life - threatening delirium tremens , rendering this an inappropriate method for breaking an alcohol addiction . </P> <P> In the case of opioid withdrawal , going `` cold turkey '' is extremely unpleasant but less dangerous . Life - threatening issues are unlikely unless one has a pre-existing medical condition . </P> <P> Smoking cessation methods advanced by J. Wayne McFarland and Elman J. Folkenburg ( an M.D. and a pastor who wrote their Five Day Plan ca . 1959 ) , Joel Spitzer and John R. Polito ( smoking cessation educators ) and Allen Carr ( who founded Easyway during the early 1980s ) are cold turkey plans . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 In popular culture <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Film </Li> <Li> 2.2 Television </Li> <Li> 2.3 Music </Li> <Li> 2.4 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> An early printed use of the term from 1920 : </P> <P> Some addicts voluntarily stop taking opiates and `` suffer it out '' as they express it without medical assistance , a process which in their slang is called taking `` cold turkey '' ... </P> <P> </P> <P> Another early printed use of the term in the media to refer to drug withdrawal occurred in the Daily Colonist in British Columbia in 1921 : </P> <P> Perhaps the most pitiful figures who have appeared before Dr. Carleton Simon ... are those who voluntarily surrender themselves . When they go before him , that are given what is called the ' cold turkey ' treatment . </P> <P> </P> <P> The phrase `` taking cold turkey '' has also been reported during the 1920s as slang for pleading guilty . </P> <P> The term is later seen in the 1947 novel I , The Jury ' by Mickey Spillane : </P> <P> Included was a medical record from the hospital when he had made her go cold turkey , which is dope - addict talk for an all - out cure . </P> <P> On February 26 , 1951 Time magazine article `` High & Light '' used the phrase , stating : </P> <P> There is one dimly hopeful side to the teenage dope problem . Unlike older people , few teenagers appear to take to drugs because of psychological troubles ; youngsters usually start using narcotics either out of ignorance or the same reckless impulses which lead them to race hot rods . Though they are easier to wean , however , there are almost no facilities for taking care of them . On New York City 's Rikers Island , youngsters have to endure the horrors of a sudden `` cold turkey '' cure or get none at all . Once released , many go right back to drugs again . </P> <P> There are several explanations of the phrase 's origin : </P> <Ul> <Li> The `` goose bumps '' ( piloerection ) that occurs with sudden discontinuation in persons dependent on opioids , frequently persons addicted to heroin . Similarly the term `` kick the habit '' alludes to the muscle spasms that also occur . </Li> <Li> A narrowing of the meaning `` suddenly or without preparation '' , from cold turkey being a dish that requires little preparation ; originally used for heroin addicts . </Li> <Li> From the American phrase talk turkey meaning `` to speak bluntly with little preparation '' . </Li> </Ul> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article appears to contain trivial , minor , or unrelated references to popular culture . Please reorganize this content to explain the subject 's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances ; add references to reliable sources if possible . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Instances of the phrase 's use in popular culture include : </P> <H3> Film ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Norman Lear 's 1971 movie Cold Turkey , about a small town that gives up smoking to win $25,000,000 </Li> <Li> French Connection II ( 1975 ) had Gene Hackman 's NYCPD Jimmy `` Popeye '' Doyle lead character suffering this after the drug ring he was pursuing captured him and forced heroin on him while keeping him prisoner . </Li> <Li> In Trainspotting ( 1996 ) , Renton goes cold turkey after overdosing on heroin . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Television ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Kojak episode `` Sweeter Than Life '' has one of the title character 's cousins going through cold turkey ( 1975 ) </Li> <Li> Hollyoaks `` Episode 4429 '' sees cold turkey as the only plot with character Ste Hay ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Wentworth episode `` Smitten '' sees character Allie Novak going through cold turkey . ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> John Lennon 's song `` Cold Turkey '' ( 1969 ) , about giving up heroin </Li> <Li> Green Day 's song `` Hitchin ' A Ride '' ( 1997 ) , main singer says `` cold turkey 's getting stale '' , in a hidden reference to the state </Li> <Li> Cage 's song `` This Place '' ( 2013 ) , wherein he sings : `` I ca n't believe I made it out with so little damage / Back then I thought cold turkey was a fuckin ' sandwich '' </Li> </Ul> <H3> Video games ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Fallout 2 ( post-apocalyptic cRPG , 1998 ) : Myron mentions going cold turkey as the only cure for Jet addiction . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Look up cold turkey in Wiktionary , the free dictionary . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Smoking cessation </Li> <Li> Drug withdrawal </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Hales , Robert E. ; Yudofsky , Stuart C. ; Roberts , Laura Weiss ( 2014 ) . The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry , Sixth Edition . American Psychiatric Publishing . p. 779 . ISBN 9781585624447 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ghodse , Hamid ( 2010 ) . Ghodse 's Drugs and Addictive Behaviour : A Guide to Treatment . Cambridge University Press . p. 77 . ISBN 9781139485678 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hughes , John R. ( 2009 ) . `` Alcohol withdrawal seizures '' . Epilepsy & Behavior . 15 ( 2 ) : 92 -- 7 . doi : 10.1016 / j. yebeh. 2009.02. 037 . PMID 19249388 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Opiate withdrawal . Medline Plus -- NIH . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` New book details history of LLU bringing ' Health to the People ' '' . Loma Linda University . March 31 , 2008 . Retrieved May 28 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McFarland , J. Wayne ; Folkenberg , Elman J. ( 1964 ) . `` The Five - Day Plan to Quit Smoking '' ( PDF ) . University Health Services , University of Wisconsin . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on June 10 , 2010 . Retrieved May 22 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` WhyQuit '' . WhyQuit . Retrieved May 22 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Allen Carr Worldwide '' . Allen Carr . Retrieved May 22 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Narcotic Drug Problem Arthur D. Greenfield . December 1920 . Monthly Bulletin of the Department of Health in the City of New York , Volume 10 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Movers and Shakers : A Chronology of Words that Shaped Our Age , by John Ayto </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Statistical Report . New York ( N.Y. ) . Police Dept . Page 192 . 1924 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Cold turkey '' in the Online Etymology Dictionary . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` cold turkey '' definition , Dictionary.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Green Day Song Hitchin ' A Ride & common sense </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cold_turkey&oldid=821868152 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Drug rehabilitation </Li> <Li> Substance dependence </Li> <Li> Slang </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with trivia sections from November 2017 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> עברית </Li> <Li> Latina </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> West - Vlams </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 23 January 2018 , at 02 : 28 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The origin of the phrase "going cold turkey" is

What is the origin of the phrase going cold turkey?

4086158102790148091

I Just Want to Dance with You - Wikipedia <H1> I Just Want to Dance with You </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` I Just Want To Dance With You '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by George Strait </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album One Step at a Time </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Neon Row '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 13 , 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD Single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> MCA Nashville </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Roger Cook , John Prine </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Tony Brown , George Strait </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> George Strait singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Round About Way '' ( 1998 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Just Want To Dance With You '' ( 1998 ) </Td> <Td> `` True '' ( 1998 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Round About Way '' ( 1998 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Just Want to Dance with You '' ( 1998 ) </Td> <Td> `` True '' ( 1998 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` I Just Want to Dance with You '' is a song written by John Prine and Roger Cook , and performed by American country music singer George Strait . It was released in April 1998 as the first single to his album , One Step at a Time , it is his 34th Number One single on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks ( now Hot Country Songs ) chart , and his 42nd Number One single when all major trade charts are counted . Prine recorded it 12 years earlier , for his 1986 album `` German Afternoons . '' </P> <P> It was also a hit for Daniel O'Donnell in 1992 , reaching 20 in the UK charts . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 2 Chart positions <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Critical reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably , calling it a `` tropical flavored li'l ditty , awash in delicate guitar work that is as tantalizing and refreshing as a summer breeze , '' and although the lyric was rather preschoolish , Strait 's crisp co-production with Tony Brown and his appealing vocal performance should help overcome that obstacle . </P> <H2> Chart positions ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` I Just Want to Dance with You '' debuted at number 38 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of April 18 , 1998 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1998 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 61 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1998 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Billboard , April 18 , 1998 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Country Tracks : Issue 3587 . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . June 15 , 1998 . Retrieved July 14 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` George Strait Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` George Strait Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1998 '' . RPM . December 14 , 1998 . Retrieved July 14 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Best of 1998 : Country Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . 1998 . Retrieved July 14 , 2013 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` This Kiss '' by Faith Hill </Td> <Td> Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks number - one single June 6 - June 20 , 1998 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` If You See Him / If You See Her '' by Reba McEntire and Brooks & Dunn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` I 'm from the Country '' by Tracy Byrd </Td> <Td> RPM Country Tracks number - one single June 15 , 1998 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` One of These Days '' by Tim McGraw </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> George Strait 1990s singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Livin ' It Up </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Love Without End , Amen '' </Li> <Li> `` Drinking Champagne '' </Li> <Li> `` I 've Come to Expect It from You '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chill of an Early Fall </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` If I Know Me '' </Li> <Li> `` You Know Me Better Than That '' </Li> <Li> `` The Chill of an Early Fall '' </Li> <Li> `` Lovesick Blues '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Holding My Own </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Gone as a Girl Can Get '' </Li> <Li> `` So Much Like My Dad '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pure Country </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` I Cross My Heart '' </Li> <Li> `` Heartland '' </Li> <Li> `` When Did You Stop Loving Me '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Easy Come , Easy Go </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Easy Come , Easy Go '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'd Like to Have That One Back '' </Li> <Li> `` Lovebug '' </Li> <Li> `` The Man in Love with You '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lead On </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` The Big One '' </Li> <Li> `` You Ca n't Make a Heart Love Somebody '' </Li> <Li> `` Adalida '' </Li> <Li> `` Lead On '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Strait Out of the Box </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Check Yes or No '' </Li> <Li> `` I Know She Still Loves Me '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Blue Clear Sky </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Blue Clear Sky '' </Li> <Li> `` Carried Away '' </Li> <Li> `` I Can Still Make Cheyenne '' </Li> <Li> `` King of the Mountain '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Carrying Your Love with Me </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` One Night at a Time '' </Li> <Li> `` Carrying Your Love with Me '' </Li> <Li> `` Today My World Slipped Away '' </Li> <Li> `` Round About Way '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> One Step at a Time </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` I Just Want to Dance with You '' </Li> <Li> `` True '' </Li> <Li> `` We Really Should n't Be Doing This '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Always Never the Same </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Meanwhile '' </Li> <Li> `` Write This Down '' </Li> <Li> `` What Do You Say to That '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This 1990s country song - related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Just_Want_to_Dance_with_You&oldid=622581090 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1998 singles </Li> <Li> George Strait songs </Li> <Li> Billboard Hot Country Songs number - one singles </Li> <Li> RPM Country Tracks number - one singles </Li> <Li> Songs written by Roger Cook ( songwriter ) </Li> <Li> Song recordings produced by Tony Brown ( record producer ) </Li> <Li> Songs written by John Prine </Li> <Li> MCA Nashville Records singles </Li> <Li> 1998 songs </Li> <Li> 1990s country song stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Canadacountry </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without artist </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without song </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardcountrysongs </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Norsk </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 24 August 2014 , at 09 : 37 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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The country song "I Want to Dance with You" is sung by

Who sings i want to dance with you?

-3871165475204369534

Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 Soundtrack ) - wikipedia <H1> Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 Soundtrack ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Beauty and the Beast : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by Various artists </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> March 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 10 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2015 -- 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Film soundtrack </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 53 : 31 2 : 11 : 26 ( Deluxe Edition ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Walt Disney </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alan Menken </Li> <Li> Matt Sullivan </Li> <Li> Mitchell Leib </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Singles from Beauty and the Beast : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ol> <Li> `` Beauty and the Beast '' Released : February 2 , 2017 </Li> <Li> `` Evermore '' Released : March 3 , 2017 </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Beauty and the Beast : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film Beauty and the Beast . In the film , Belle is taken prisoner by a fearsome Beast in his enchanted castle and learns to look beyond his appearance while evading a narcissistic hunter who seeks to take Belle for himself . </P> <P> The album , largely based on material from Disney 's 1991 animated version , features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice . The songs feature vocal performances by the film 's ensemble cast including Emma Watson , Dan Stevens , Luke Evans , Kevin Kline , Josh Gad , Ewan McGregor , Stanley Tucci , Audra McDonald , Gugu Mbatha - Raw , Nathan Mack , Ian McKellen , and Emma Thompson . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Track listing </Li> <Li> 2 Commercial performance </Li> <Li> 3 Charts <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 3.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Certifications </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <P> All music composed by Alan Menken . Songs originally written for the 1991 version by Menken and Howard Ashman . Lyrics for original songs are written by Tim Rice . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Performer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Overture '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Alan Menken </Td> <Td> 3 : 05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Main Title : Prologue Pt. 1 '' </Td> <Td> Hattie Morahan ( narration ) </Td> <Td> 0 : 42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Aria '' </Td> <Td> Audra McDonald </Td> <Td> 1 : 02 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> `` Main Title : Prologue Pt. 2 '' </Td> <Td> Hattie Morahan ( narration ) </Td> <Td> 2 : 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> `` Belle '' </Td> <Td> Emma Watson , Luke Evans , Ensemble </Td> <Td> 5 : 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> `` How Does a Moment Last Forever ( Music Box ) '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Kline </Td> <Td> 1 : 03 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 . </Td> <Td> `` Belle ( Reprise ) '' </Td> <Td> Emma Watson </Td> <Td> 1 : 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 . </Td> <Td> `` Gaston '' </Td> <Td> Luke Evans , Josh Gad , Ensemble </Td> <Td> 4 : 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 . </Td> <Td> `` Be Our Guest '' </Td> <Td> Ewan McGregor , Emma Thompson , Gugu Mbatha - Raw and Ian McKellen </Td> <Td> 4 : 48 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 . </Td> <Td> `` Days in the Sun '' </Td> <Td> Adam Mitchell , Stanley Tucci , Ewan McGregor , Gugu Mbatha - Raw , Emma Thompson , Audra McDonald , Emma Watson , Ian McKellen , Clive Rowe </Td> <Td> 2 : 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 . </Td> <Td> `` Something There '' </Td> <Td> Emma Watson , Dan Stevens , Emma Thompson , Nathan Mack , Ian McKellen , Ewan McGregor , Gugu Mbatha - Raw </Td> <Td> 2 : 54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 . </Td> <Td> `` How Does a Moment Last Forever ( Montmartre ) '' </Td> <Td> Emma Watson </Td> <Td> 1 : 55 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 . </Td> <Td> `` Beauty and the Beast '' </Td> <Td> Emma Thompson </Td> <Td> 3 : 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 . </Td> <Td> `` Evermore '' </Td> <Td> Dan Stevens </Td> <Td> 3 : 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 . </Td> <Td> `` The Mob Song '' </Td> <Td> Luke Evans , Josh Gad , Ensemble , Emma Watson , Ian McKellen , Stanley Tucci , Nathan Mack , Gugu Mbatha - Raw , Ewan McGregor , Gerard Horan , Haydn Gwynne </Td> <Td> 2 : 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 . </Td> <Td> `` Beauty and the Beast ( Finale ) '' </Td> <Td> Audra McDonald , Emma Thompson , Ensemble </Td> <Td> 2 : 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 . </Td> <Td> `` How Does a Moment Last Forever '' </Td> <Td> Celine Dion </Td> <Td> 3 : 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 . </Td> <Td> `` Beauty and the Beast '' </Td> <Td> Ariana Grande & John Legend </Td> <Td> 3 : 47 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 . </Td> <Td> `` Evermore '' </Td> <Td> Josh Groban </Td> <Td> 3 : 09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Total length : </Td> <Td> 53 : 31 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> ( show ) Deluxe edition -- Disc one ( Bonus Tracks ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Performer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 . </Td> <Td> `` Aria '' ( Demo ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 0 : 36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 . </Td> <Td> `` How Does a Moment Last Forever '' ( Demo ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 0 : 59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 . </Td> <Td> `` Days in the Sun '' ( Demo ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 3 : 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 . </Td> <Td> `` How Does a Moment Last Forever '' ( Demo ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 1 : 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 . </Td> <Td> `` Evermore '' ( Demo ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 2 : 55 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Total length : </Td> <Td> 62 : 52 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> ( show ) Deluxe edition -- Disc two </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Performer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Main Title : Prologue '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 3 : 01 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Belle Meets Gaston '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 0 : 54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Your Mother '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 2 : 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> `` The Laverie '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 1 : 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> `` Wolf Chase '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 3 : 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> `` Entering the Castle '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 1 : 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 . </Td> <Td> `` A White Rose '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 3 : 57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 . </Td> <Td> `` The Beast '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 4 : 03 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 . </Td> <Td> `` Meet the Staff '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 1 : 00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 . </Td> <Td> `` Home '' ( extended mix ) ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 2 : 04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 . </Td> <Td> `` Madame de Garderobe '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 1 : 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 . </Td> <Td> `` There 's a Beast '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 2 : 02 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 . </Td> <Td> `` A Petal Drops '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 1 : 02 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 . </Td> <Td> `` A Bracing Cup of Tea '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 2 : 06 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 . </Td> <Td> `` The West Wing '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 2 : 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 . </Td> <Td> `` Wolves Attack Belle '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 3 : 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 . </Td> <Td> `` The Library '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 3 : 05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 . </Td> <Td> `` Colonnade Chat '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 2 : 54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 . </Td> <Td> `` The Plague '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 0 : 51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 . </Td> <Td> `` Maurice Accuses Gaston '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 2 : 01 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 . </Td> <Td> `` Beast Takes a Bath '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 1 : 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 . </Td> <Td> `` The Dress '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 1 : 01 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 . </Td> <Td> `` You Must Go to Him '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 2 : 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 . </Td> <Td> `` Belle Stops the Wagon '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 2 : 42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 . </Td> <Td> `` Castle Under Attack '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 4 : 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 . </Td> <Td> `` Turret Pursuit '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 2 : 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 . </Td> <Td> `` You Came Back '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 5 : 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 . </Td> <Td> `` Transformations '' ( Score ) </Td> <Td> Menken </Td> <Td> 4 : 06 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Total length : </Td> <Td> 68 : 34 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> The Spotify version of the album instead opens with Celine Dion 's `` How Does a Moment Last Forever '' , followed by Ariana Grande and John Legend 's `` Beauty and the Beast '' , and Josh Groban 's `` Evermore '' , with the rest of the songs in the same order . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Commercial performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> The album debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 chart with 57,000 units , 48,000 of which are traditional album sales . It has sold 337,000 copies in the United States as of July 2017 . </P> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2017 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australian Albums (

The song at the end of Beauty and the Beast is sung by

Who sings song at the end of beauty and the beast?

-4247747709944674497

<Td> </Td> <Td> This article has been nominated to be checked for its neutrality . Discussion of this nomination can be found on the talk page . ( December 2007 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( July 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In economics , a government - granted monopoly ( also called a `` de jure monopoly '' ) is a form of coercive monopoly by which a government grants exclusive privilege to a private individual or firm to be the sole provider of a good or service ; potential competitors are excluded from the market by law , regulation , or other mechanisms of government enforcement . As a form of coercive monopoly , government - granted monopoly is contrasted with a non-coercive monopoly or an efficiency monopoly , where there is no competition but it is not forcibly excluded . Amongst forms of coercive monopoly it is distinguished from government monopoly or state monopoly ( in which government agencies hold the legally enforced monopoly rather than private individuals or firms ) and from government - sponsored cartels ( in which the government forces several independent producers to partially coordinate their decisions through a centralized organization ) . Advocates for government - granted monopolies often claim that they ensure a degree of public control over essential industries , without having those industries actually run by the state . Opponents often criticize them as political favors to corporations . Government - granted monopolies may be opposed by those who would prefer free markets as well as by those who would prefer to replace private corporations with public ownership . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Patent </Li> <Li> 3 Copyright </Li> <Li> 4 Trademark </Li> <Li> 5 Directly mandated </Li> <Li> 6 Criticism </Li> <Li> 7 Examples </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Under mercantilist economic systems , European governments with colonial interests often granted large and extremely lucrative monopolies to companies trading in particular regions , such as the Dutch East India Company . </P> <P> Today , government - granted monopolies may be found in public utility services such as public roads , mail , water supply , and electric power , as well as certain specialized and highly regulated fields such as education and gambling . In many countries lucrative natural resources industries , especially the petroleum industry , are controlled by government - granted monopolies . Franchises granted by governments to operate public transit through public roads are another example . </P> <H2> Patent ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Patent <P> A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state or national government to an inventor or his / her assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for a public disclosure of an invention . </P> <P> The procedure for granting patents , the requirements placed on the patentee , and the extent of the exclusive rights vary widely between countries according to national laws and international agreements . Typically , however , a patent application must include one or more claims defining the invention which must be new , inventive , and useful or industrially applicable . In many countries , certain subject areas are excluded from patents , such as business methods and mental acts . The exclusive right granted to a patentee in most countries is the right to prevent others from making , using , selling , or distributing the patented invention without permission . </P> <H2> Copyright ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Copyright <P> Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution . This is usually only for a limited time . The exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law , including fair use . A major limitation on copyright is that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas , and not the underlying ideas themselves </P> <H2> Trademark ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Trademark <P> A trademark or trade mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual , business organization , or other legal entity to identify that the products or services to consumers with which the trademark appears originate from a unique source , and to distinguish its products or services from those of other entities . </P> <P> Trademarks can act as a form of consumer protection that lowers the transaction costs between a buyer and seller who are not personally acquainted . </P> <H2> Directly mandated ( edit ) </H2> <P> Governments have granted monopolies to forms of copy prevention . In the Digital Millennium Copyright Act , for example , the proprietary Macrovision copy prevention technology is required for analog video recorders . Though other forms of copy prevention are n't prohibited , requiring Macrovision effectively gives it a monopoly and prevents more effective copy prevention methods from being developed . </P> <H2> Criticism ( edit ) </H2> <P> Opponents of government - granted monopoly often point out that such a firm is able to set its pricing and production policies without fear of breeding potential competition . They argue that this causes inefficiencies in the market place , such as unnecessarily high prices to consumers for the good or service being supplied . It has been argued that government - imposed price caps might avert this problem . </P> <H2> Examples ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> State Bar of Arizona </Li> <Li> Saudi Aramco </Li> <Li> British East India Company </Li> <Li> French East India Company </Li> <Li> Brewers Retail </Li> <Li> Theatre Royal , Drury Lane </Li> <Li> K -- 12 education </Li> <Li> Interest rates </Li> <Li> West Virginia American Water </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Coercive monopoly </Li> <Li> Legal monopoly </Li> <Li> Copyright </Li> <Li> Government monopoly </Li> <Li> Monopoly </Li> <Li> Natural monopoly </Li> <Li> Rent seeking </Li> <Li> Federal Reserve System </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Patents : Frequently Asked Questions , World Intellectual Property Organization , Retrieved on 22 February 2009 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The styling of trademark as a single word is predominantly used in the United States and Philippines only , while the two word styling trade mark is used in many other countries around the world , including the European Union and Commonwealth and ex-Commonwealth jurisdictions ( although Canada officially uses trade - mark pursuant to the Trade - mark Act , trade mark and trademark are also commonly used ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Landes , William ; Posner , Richard . `` 7 '' . The economic structure of intellectual property law . p. 442 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 674 - 01204 - 2 . Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 18 . - Subheading : The Economic Function of Trademarks p 166 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Unnatural Monopoly : Critical Moments in the Development of the Bell System Monopoly by Adam D. Thierer </Li> <Li> Antitrust Policy As Corporate Welfare by Clyde Wayne Crews Jr ( PDF ) </Li> <Li> Antitrust Policy As Corporate Welfare by Clyde Wayne Crews Jr ( Google conversion from PDF ) </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government-granted_monopoly&oldid=810143578 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Market failure </Li> <Li> Monopoly ( economics ) </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Wikipedia articles needing style editing from July 2009 </Li> <Li> All articles needing style editing </Li> <Li> Articles needing additional references from July 2009 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Articles needing POV - check from December 2007 </Li> <Li> Articles that may contain original research from July 2009 </Li> <Li> All articles that may contain original research </Li> <Li> Articles with multiple maintenance issues </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015 </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from February 2011 </Li> <Li> Use dmy dates from February 2011 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 13 November 2017 , at 15 : 57 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

An example of a government monopoly in the United States is the

What is an example of a government monopoly in the united states?

-628657333321857656

You 've Got a Friend in Me - wikipedia <H1> You 've Got a Friend in Me </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Randy Newman and Lyle Lovett </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Toy Story </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 12 , 1996 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> Cassette , CD single , digital download </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country , pop , soundtrack </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Walt Disney </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Randy Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Randy Newman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Randy Newman singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` It 's Money That Matters '' / `` Falling in Love '' ( 1988 ) </Td> <Td> `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` We Belong Together '' ( 2010 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` It 's Money That Matters '' / `` Falling in Love '' ( 1988 ) </Td> <Td> `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` We Belong Together '' ( 2010 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Lyle Lovett singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Do n't Touch My Hat '' ( 1996 ) Do n't Touch My Hat 1996 </Td> <Td> `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' ( 1996 ) You 've Got a Friend in Me1996 </Td> <Td> `` Private Conversation '' ( 1997 ) Private Conversation1997 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' is a song written and first recorded by Randy Newman . Originally written as the theme song for the 1995 Disney / Pixar animated film Toy Story , it has since become the theme song for its sequels , Toy Story 2 ( 1999 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole Toy Story franchise . The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song , but lost both to `` Colors of the Wind '' from Disney 's Pocahontas . </P> <P> Like many other Disney theme songs , `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' has been covered numerous times . Cover versions featured in the three Toy Story films include a duet with Newman and Lyle Lovett in Toy Story , a version by Robert Goulet and an instrumental by Tom Scott in Toy Story 2 , an Italian language version by Riccardo Cocciante , and a Spanish language version by the Gipsy Kings in Toy Story 3 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 In Toy Story </Li> <Li> 2 Release history </Li> <Li> 3 Cover versions </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> In Toy Story ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song is played during the opening credits for Toy Story and Toy Story 3 , establishing the importance of Woody and Andy in the first film and the importance of all his toys in the third . Toy Story 3 also uses it for irony and dramatic effect , as the opening credits harken back to the first film and the song abruptly fades out with `` As the years go by / Our friendship will never die '' , before showing that Andy 's remaining toys in the present day are boxed up and unused . When they were unused , Andy was 17 years old . </P> <P> In the two sequels , the song is listened to by the characters as part of the story . Two of these are cover versions done at the end of the film for thematic reasons : at the end of Toy Story 2 , the character Wheezy starts to sing it to the other toys ; during the end credits of Toy Story 3 , Buzz Lightyear and Jessie ( now a couple ) perform a pasodoble to a Spanish version of the song , deliberately played by Jessie to get Buzz to dance . </P> <P> The most significant use of the song was in the third act of Toy Story 2 , where an episode of Woody 's Roundup ( the 1950s puppet show he was based on ) shows the puppet Woody singing the song , directed at the young audience and featuring a small child hugging the puppet . Woody sees this and has an epiphany , realizing that his mission as a toy is to be there for a child . ( In - universe , the song was presumably written for Woody 's Roundup . ) </P> <P> The Woody 's Roundup version was performed by Tom Hanks , with acoustic guitar backing ; Wheezy 's version was sung by Robert Goulet ( though the character was voiced by Joe Ranft ) ; and the Spanish version , `` You 've Got a Friend in Me ( Para el Buzz Español ) '' , was performed by the Gipsy Kings . </P> <H2> Release history ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Th> Release date </Th> <Th> Catalog </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Demo </Td> <Td> Unreleased </Td> <Td> none </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cassette </Td> <Td> April 12 , 1996 </Td> <Td> # 60367 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> CD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> Michael Bublé covered `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' on his 2013 album , To Be Loved . The track became a U.S. Adult Contemporary chart hit , spending 14 weeks on the chart and peaking at number 10 . </P> <P> Brian Wilson covered the song in his album `` In the Key of Disney '' </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` You 've Got a Friend in Me > Overview '' . Allmusic . Macrovision . Retrieved 2009 - 07 - 30 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 1 ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Best Song Academy Award Nominations - Newman </Li> <Li> Toy Story 10th Anniversary Edition at the Wayback Machine ( archived May 7 , 2005 ) , Pixar press release , May 2 , 2005 . ( Archived from the original on May 7 , 2005 ) </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Randy Newman </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Randy Newman </Li> <Li> 12 Songs </Li> <Li> Sail Away </Li> <Li> Good Old Boys </Li> <Li> Little Criminals </Li> <Li> Born Again </Li> <Li> Trouble in Paradise </Li> <Li> Land of Dreams </Li> <Li> Bad Love </Li> <Li> Harps and Angels </Li> <Li> Dark Matter </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Randy Newman Live </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lonely at the Top : The Best of Randy Newman </Li> <Li> Guilty : 30 Years of Randy Newman </Li> <Li> The Randy Newman Songbook Vol. 1 </Li> <Li> The Randy Newman Songbook Vol. 2 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Musicals </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Randy Newman 's Faust </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Soundtracks </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> James and the Giant Peach </Li> <Li> Avalon </Li> <Li> Meet the Parents </Li> <Li> Cars </Li> <Li> The Princess and the Frog </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Mama Told Me Not to Come '' </Li> <Li> `` Sail Away '' </Li> <Li> `` He Gives Us All His Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Simon Smith and the Amazing Dancing Bear '' </Li> <Li> `` Political Science '' </Li> <Li> `` You Can Leave Your Hat On '' </Li> <Li> `` Louisiana 1927 '' </Li> <Li> `` Rednecks '' </Li> <Li> `` Short People '' </Li> <Li> `` I Love L.A. '' </Li> <Li> `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' </Li> <Li> `` When She Loved Me '' </Li> <Li> `` We Belong Together '' </Li> <Li> `` It 's a Jungle Out There '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> <Li> Nilsson Sings Newman </Li> <Li> Alfred Newman </Li> <Li> David Newman </Li> <Li> Emil Newman </Li> <Li> Joey Newman </Li> <Li> Lionel Newman </Li> <Li> Thomas Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Toy Story </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Films </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Toy Story ( 1995 ) </Li> <Li> Toy Story 2 ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Toy Story 4 ( 2019 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sheriff Woody </Li> <Li> Buzz Lightyear </Li> <Li> Jessie </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Television </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Buzz Lightyear of Star Command <Ul> <Li> The Adventure Begins </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Toy Story of Terror ! </Li> <Li> Toy Story That Time Forgot </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Video games </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Toy Story </Li> <Li> Disney 's Animated Storybook : Toy Story </Li> <Li> Toy Story 2 : Buzz Lightyear to the Rescue </Li> <Li> Toy Story Racer </Li> <Li> Buzz Lightyear of Star Command </Li> <Li> Toy Story Mania ! </Li> <Li> Toy Story 3 : The Video Game </Li> <Li> Toy Story : Smash It ! </Li> <Li> Disney Infinity </Li> <Li> Kingdom Hearts III </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Shorts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Toy Story Treats </Li> <Li> Toy Story Toons <Ul> <Li> Hawaiian Vacation </Li> <Li> Small Fry </Li> <Li> Partysaurus Rex </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attractions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Buzz Lightyear </Li> <Li> RC Racer </Li> <Li> Slinky Dog Zigzag Spin </Li> <Li> Toy Story Midway Mania ! </Li> <Li> Toy Soldiers Parachute Drop </Li> <Li> Toy Story Land </Li> <Li> Woody 's All - American Roundup & Big Thunder Ranch Barbecue </Li> <Li> Woody 's Roundup Village </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' </Li> <Li> `` When She Loved Me '' </Li> <Li> `` We Belong Together '' </Li> <Li> Woody 's Roundup : A Rootin ' Tootin ' Collection of Woody 's Favorite Songs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Miscellaneous </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Toy Story : The Musical </Li> <Li> Lego Toy Story </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Pixar music </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Incredibles </Li> <Li> Cars </Li> <Li> WALL - E </Li> <Li> Up </Li> <Li> Brave </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` You 've Got a Friend in Me '' </Li> <Li> `` When She Loved Me '' </Li> <Li> `` If I Did n't Have You '' </Li> <Li> `` Real Gone '' </Li> <Li> `` Life Is a Highway '' </Li> <Li> `` Our Town '' </Li> <Li> `` Down to Earth '' </Li> <Li> `` We Belong Together '' </Li> <Li> `` Remember Me '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Woody 's

The song "You've Got a Friend in Me" was sung by

Who sang the song you got a friend in me?

-956284282675746733

unhappiness and inefficiency . However , IT is aware of cruelty , referring to `` ITself '' as `` the Happiest Sadist '' . While IT usually speaks through one of its pawns , IT can speak directly to people through telepathy , but IT only does this once throughout the entire novel . IT 's name is always used whenever IT is spoken of ( rather than the pronoun `` it '' ) , so pervasively that even the word `` itself '' is rewritten as `` ITself . '' </P> <H3> The Black Thing ( edit ) </H3> <P> A formless , shadowy being . According to the Mrs. Whatsit , the Black Thing is the source of all evil in the universe , and little more is described of it . It is unclear from where the Black Thing came or what its motivations are . It is even unclear what its relationship to IT is , although it 's suggested that IT is a powerful servant of the Black Thing . The Black Thing has been fought by many people , all of whom have added to the peace of the world , including Mr. Murry . </P> <H3> Sub-characters ( edit ) </H3> Alex Murry ( edit ) <P> Meg 's father is a physicist , researching the mysteries of the space / time continuum , specifically five - dimensional means of travel between planets . He is also the father of Meg , Sandy , Dennys and Charles Wallace . He has been missing for some time as the novel opens . Not even his government colleagues know where he is . He is usually referred to as Mr. Murry . His first name is revealed in the fifth and last Time novel An Acceptable Time . In the television adaptation of A Wrinkle in Time , he is renamed Jack . He first appears in a flashback in Chapter One . </P> Dr. Katherine `` Kate '' Murry ( edit ) <P> Meg 's mother is a microbiologist , wife of Dr. Alexander Murry , and mother of the four Murry children . She is considered beautiful by the Murry children and others , having `` flaming red hair '' and violet eyes . Her physical attractiveness , academic and scientific accomplishments give Meg a bit of an inferiority complex . She is introduced in Chapter One , and usually referred to as Mrs. Murry . As in her husband 's case , her first name is given in the subsequently published An Acceptable Time . The television version of her character is renamed Dana . </P> Sandy Murry ( edit ) <P> Sandy and his twin brother Dennys are the middle children in the Murry family , older than Charles Wallace but younger than Meg . They are 10 years old at the time of this book . Sandy is named after his father , Dr. Alex Murry . Although they are certainly intelligent , Sandy and his twin are considered the `` normal '' children in the family : B students , good at sports , and well able to fit in with their peers . Of the twins , Sandy is generally the leader , and the more pragmatic of the two . He and Dennys first appear in Chapter One . </P> Dennys Murry ( edit ) <P> Dennys is the twin of Sandy Murry . Dennys and his twin are usually inseparable , with Dennys generally following Sandy 's lead . However , Dennys is slightly less skeptical than his brother about the strange theories and even stranger adventures of Meg and Charles Wallace . ( Note : The name Dennys is a shortened version of `` Dionysus '' , which is the name of a Greek god , but is pronounced the same way as the more common spelling `` Dennis . '' ) </P> Mrs buncombe ( edit ) <P> The wife of the constable in Meg 's hometown , who has twelve bed - sheets stolen from her at the beginning of the novel . </P> Mr. Jenkins ( edit ) <P> Mr. Jenkins is Meg 's cold and unfeeling high - school principal who calls her `` belligerent and uncooperative '' and implies that her family is in denial about Mr. Murry 's true whereabouts . </P> <H3> Supporting alien characters ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Happy Medium lives in a cavern on a planet in Orion 's Belt . Human in appearance , she is described as wearing a satin gown and a silk turban , and uses a crystal ball to look at distant places and people . Her title comes from the character 's jolly temperament , and her preference for looking at happy things . She helps Meg , Calvin , and Charles Wallace see The Black Thing through the crystal ball and understand what they are fighting against . She is introduced in chapter five . ( The name `` Happy Medium '' is a pun alluding to the common expression for reaching an acceptable compromise : `` to find a happy medium . '' ) </P> <P> Aunt Beast is a character who takes care of Meg and befriends her on the planet Ixchel after Meg is `` frozen '' by the Black Thing . Introduced in chapter ten , the character has four arms , no eyes , and numerous long , waving tentacles instead of fingers . Tall , gray in color , sightless and telepathic , Aunt Beast has a motherly , nurturing attitude toward Meg . The name Aunt Beast is one that Meg and the alien come up with together , based on the character 's perusal of Meg 's mind . The character 's actual name , if any , is not given . </P> <H2> Locations ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Places in the works of Madeleine L'Engle <P> Early scenes in the novel take place in and around an unnamed village , later established in An Acceptable Time as being in Connecticut . The nearly 200 - year - old Murry farmhouse has parallels in the Austin family series of books and in L'Engle's own Connecticut home , Crosswicks . </P> <P> When Meg , Calvin and Charles Wallace travel to other planets , the ones whose names are given include the following : </P> <Ul> <Li> Camazotz -- A planet of extreme , enforced conformity , ruled by a disembodied brain called IT . Camazotz is similar to Earth , with familiar trees such as birches , pines , and maples , an ordinary hill on which the children arrive , and a town with smokestacks , which `` might have been one of any number of familiar towns '' . The horror of the place arises from its ordinary appearance , endlessly duplicated . Thus , the houses are `` all exactly alike , small square boxes painted gray '' ; this characterization has been compared with `` the burgeoning American suburbia '' such as the post-war housing developments of Levittown , Pennsylvania . The people who live in the houses are similarly described , with `` mother figures '' who `` all gave the appearance of being the same '' . Camazotz has also been compared with `` an early sixties American image of life in a Communist state '' , a characterization partially dismissed as too glib . The name Camazotz refers to a Mayan bat god , one of L'Engle's many mythological allusions in her nomenclature . It is also stated that Camazotz is a planet that has `` given in '' to the Black Thing , implying that it was not always the dystopian place that it is at present ... </Li> <Li> Ixchel -- A planet of muted colors , inhabited by tall , sightless creatures with tentacles . It orbits the same sun as Camazotz . The name Ixchel refers to a Mayan jaguar goddess of medicine . </Li> <Li> Uriel -- A planet with extremely tall mountains , an allusion to the Archangel Uriel . It is inhabited by creatures that resemble winged centaurs . It is `` the third planet of the Star Malak ( meaning ' angel ' in Hebrew ) in the spiral nebula Messier 101 '' , which would place it at roughly 25 million light - years from Earth . The site of Mrs Whatsit 's temporary transformation into one of these winged creatures , it is the place where `` the guardian angels '' ( i.e. the Mrs Ws , who are explicitly referred to as such by Calvin later in the book ) `` show the questers a vision of the universe that is obscured on earth . '' </Li> </Ul> <P> They also stop briefly on an unnamed two - dimensional planet and on an unnamed planet in Orion 's belt , the latter of which is the home of the Happy Medium . </P> <H2> Adaptations ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Audio books ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1994 , Listening Library released an unabridged , 4 - cassette audio edition read by the author . </P> <P> On January 10 , 2012 , Audible released a 50th anniversary edition recorded by Hope Davis . </P> From left : David Dorfman as Charles Wallace Murry , Katie Stuart as Meg Murry , and Gregory Smith as Calvin O'Keefe on the planet Uriel <H3> Film adaptations ( edit ) </H3> Further information : A Wrinkle in Time ( 2003 film ) and A Wrinkle in Time ( 2018 film ) <Ul> <Li> In 2003 , a television adaptation of the novel was made by a collaboration of Canadian production companies , to be distributed in America by Disney . The movie was directed by John Kent Harrison , with a teleplay by Susan Shilliday . It cast Katie Stuart as Meg Murry , Alfre Woodard as Mrs. Whatsit , Alison Elliott as Mrs. Who , and Kate Nelligan as Mrs. Which . In an interview with Newsweek , when L'Engle was asked if the film `` met her expectations '' , she said , `` Yes , I expected it to be bad , and it is . '' </Li> <Li> A theatrical feature film adaptation of the novel by Walt Disney Pictures , was released in 2018 . The film is directed by Ava DuVernay and stars Oprah Winfrey , Reese Witherspoon , Mindy Kaling , Chris Pine , Gugu Mbatha - Raw , Storm Reid , Michael Peña , and Zach Galifianakis . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Play ( edit ) </H3> <P> An adaptation by James Sie premiered at the Lifeline Theatre in Chicago in 1990 , and returned to the stage in 1998 and 2017 . </P> <P> John Glore adapted the novel as a play that premiered in 2010 . It was written for six actors playing 12 parts . One actor plays Mrs Whatsit , the Man with Red Eyes , and Camazotz Man . Dr. Kate Murry , Mrs Who , Camazotz Woman , and Aunt Beast also share one performer . The stage adaptation premiered in Costa Mesa , California , with productions in Bethesda , Maryland ; Cincinnati ; Philadelphia ; Orlando ; Portland , Oregon ; and other cities . </P> <P> An adaptation by Tracy Young premiered at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in April 2014 , as well as at colleges and theaters around the U.S. </P> <H3> Opera ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1992 , OperaDelaware ( known for frequently adapting children 's books ) staged an opera based on A Wrinkle in Time written by Libby Larsen with a libretto by Walter Green . The review in Philly.com stated `` The composer does not place arias and set pieces , but conversational ensembles with spoken dialogue that made the young daughter 's climactic but concise song about familial love all the more imposing . '' </P> <H3> Graphic novel ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2010 , Hope Larson announced that she was writing and illustrating the official graphic novel version of the book

The novel "A Wrinkle in Time" by Madeleine L'Engle takes place in

Where does a wrinkle in time take place?

-4874966898403317469

The dose makes the poison - wikipedia <H1> The dose makes the poison </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the book , see The Dose Makes the Poison . Alle Dinge sind Gift , und nichts ist ohne Gift , allein die Dosis macht dass ein Ding kein Gift ist . All things are poison , and nothing is without poison , the dosage alone makes it so a thing is not a poison . <P> -- Paracelsus </P> <P> `` The dose makes the poison '' ( Latin : sola dosis facit venenum ) is an adage intended to indicate a basic principle of toxicology . It is credited to Paracelsus who expressed the classic toxicology maxim `` All things are poison and nothing is without poison ; only the dose makes a thing not a poison . '' This is often condensed to : `` The dose makes the poison '' or in Latin , `` Sola dosis facit venenum '' . It means that a substance can produce the harmful effect associated with its toxic properties only if it reaches a susceptible biological system within the body in a high enough concentration ( i.e. , dose ) . </P> <P> The principle relies on the finding that all chemicals -- even water and oxygen -- can be toxic if too much is eaten , drunk , or absorbed . `` The toxicity of any particular chemical depends on many factors , including the extent to which it enters an individual 's body . '' This finding provides also the basis for public health standards , which specify maximum acceptable concentrations of various contaminants in food , public drinking water , and the environment . </P> <P> However , there is no linear relationship and also more to chemical toxicity than the acute effects caused by short - term exposure . Relatively low doses of contaminants in water , food , and environment can already have significant chronic effects if there is a long - term exposure . Many pollutants , drugs , and natural substances adhere to this principle by causing different effects at different levels , which can as a result lead to health standards that are either too strong or too weak . </P> <P> Generally the effects of different doses can be very different at different levels ( not only bigger and smaller impacts depending on dose ) . Very low doses of some compounds can even induce stronger toxic responses than much higher doses as well as just different impacts . </P> <H2> Toxic substances and the law ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Regulators must extrapolate results not only from animal toxicity studies , typically from mice and / or rats to humans , but also from the very high doses usually used in animal experiments to the very low doses that are characteristic of human exposure . These two types of extrapolation are steeped in uncertainty , '' wrote Edward J. Calabrese , Professor of Toxicology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst ' School of Public Health in Amherst , MA . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Hormesis </Li> <Li> Dose concentration </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Die dritte Defension wegen des Schreibens der neuen Rezepte , '' Septem Defensiones 1538 . Werke Bd. 2 , Darmstadt 1965 , p. 510 ( full text ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Dose Makes the Poison on Chemsafe at Yale Archived 2011 - 02 - 02 at the Wayback Machine . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Nancy Trautmann : The Dose Makes the Poison -- Or Does It ? , Bioscience 2005 , American Institute of Biological Sciences </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Pete Myers , Ph. D. and Wendy Hessle , `` Does ' the dose make the poison ? ' '' , ourstolenfuture.org </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hormesis : a revolution in toxicology , risk assessment and medicine EMBO Rep. 2004 October ; 5 ( Suppl 1 ) : pp. 37 -- 40 . doi : 10.1038 / sj. embor. 7400222 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Toxicology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> History of poison </Li> <Li> Toxinology </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fields </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Aquatic toxicology </Li> <Li> Ecotoxicology </Li> <Li> Occupational toxicology </Li> <Li> Entomotoxicology </Li> <Li> Environmental toxicology </Li> <Li> Forensic toxicology </Li> <Li> Medical toxicology </Li> <Li> In vitro toxicology </Li> <Li> Toxicogenomics </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Concepts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Acceptable daily intake </Li> <Li> Acute toxicity </Li> <Li> Bioaccumulation </Li> <Li> Biomagnification </Li> <Li> Fixed - dose procedure </Li> <Li> Lethal dose </Li> <Li> Poison </Li> <Li> Toxic capacity </Li> <Li> Toxicant <Ul> <Li> Toxin </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Toxicity class </Li> <Li> Venom </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Treatments </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Activated carbon </Li> <Li> Antidote </Li> <Li> Cathartic </Li> <Li> Chelation therapy </Li> <Li> Gastric lavage </Li> <Li> Hemodialysis </Li> <Li> Hemoperfusion </Li> <Li> Whole bowel irrigation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Incidents </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1858 Bradford sweets poisoning </Li> <Li> 2007 pet food recalls </Li> <Li> Bhopal disaster </Li> <Li> Minamata disease </Li> <Li> Niigata Minamata disease </Li> <Li> Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko </Li> <Li> Seveso disaster </Li> <Li> Consumption of Tide Pods </Li> <Li> List of poisonings </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related topics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Biological warfare </Li> <Li> Carcinogen </Li> <Li> Food safety </Li> <Li> Hazard symbol </Li> <Li> List of extremely hazardous substances </Li> <Li> Mutagen </Li> <Li> Occupational safety and health </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Commons </Li> <Li> WikiProject </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_dose_makes_the_poison&oldid=837465672 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Toxicology </Li> <Li> Paracelsus </Li> <Li> Phrases </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Webarchive template wayback links </Li> <Li> Articles containing Latin - language text </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 21 April 2018 , at 00 : 37 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The phrase "the poison is in the dose" was coined by

Who said the poison is in the dose?

1389150369608771478

Human skin - wikipedia <H1> Human skin </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about skin in humans . For other animals , see skin . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Skin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Epidermis , dermis , and subcutis , showing a hair follicle , gland , and sebaceous gland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> System </Th> <Td> Integumentary system </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> cutis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MeSH </Th> <Td> D020405 , D012867 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TA </Th> <Td> A16. 0.00. 002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TH </Th> <Td> H3. 12.00. 1.00001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 7163 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The human skin is the outer covering of the body . In humans , it is the largest organ of the integumentary system . The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles , bones , ligaments and internal organs . Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals , and human skin is very similar to pig skin . Though nearly all human skin is covered with hair follicles , it can appear hairless . There are two general types of skin , hairy and glabrous skin ( hairless ) . The adjective cutaneous literally means `` of the skin '' ( from Latin cutis , skin ) . </P> <P> Because it interfaces with the environment , skin plays an important immunity role in protecting the body against pathogens and excessive water loss . Its other functions are insulation , temperature regulation , sensation , synthesis of vitamin D , and the protection of vitamin B folates . Severely damaged skin will try to heal by forming scar tissue . This is often discolored and depigmented . </P> <P> In humans , skin pigmentation varies among populations , and skin type can range from dry to oily . Such skin variety provides a rich and diverse habitat for bacteria that number roughly 1000 species from 19 phyla , present on the human skin . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Epidermis <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Components </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Layers </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Sublayers </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Genes and proteins expressed in the epidermis </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Dermis <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Papillary region </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 Reticular region </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.3 Subcutaneous tissue </Li> <Li> 1.4 Cross-section </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Skin color </Li> <Li> 2.2 Aging <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Photoaging </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Functions <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Skin flora </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Clinical significance </Li> <Li> 5 Society and culture <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Hygiene and skin care <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 Oily skin </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Permeability <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Nanoparticles </Li> <Li> 6.2 Increasing permeability </Li> <Li> 6.3 Applications </Li> <Li> 6.4 Sunblock and sunscreen </Li> <Li> 6.5 Diet </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> Skin has mesodermal cells , pigmentation , such as melanin provided by melanocytes , which absorb some of the potentially dangerous ultraviolet radiation ( UV ) in sunlight . It also contains DNA repair enzymes that help reverse UV damage , such that people lacking the genes for these enzymes suffer high rates of skin cancer . One form predominantly produced by UV light , malignant melanoma , is particularly invasive , causing it to spread quickly , and can often be deadly . Human skin pigmentation varies among populations in a striking manner . This has led to the classification of people ( s ) on the basis of skin color . </P> <P> The skin is the largest organ in the human body . For the average adult human , the skin has a surface area of between 1.5 - 2.0 square meters ( 16.1 - 21.5 sq ft . ) . The thickness of the skin varies considerably over all parts of the body , and between men and women and the young and the old . An example is the skin on the forearm which is on average 1.3 mm in the male and 1.26 mm in the female . The average square inch ( 6.5 cm2 ) of skin holds 650 sweat glands , 20 blood vessels , 60,000 melanocytes , and more than 1,000 nerve endings . The average human skin cell is about 30 micrometers in diameter , but there are variants . A skin cell usually ranges from 25 - 40 micrometers ( squared ) , depending on a variety of factors . </P> <P> Skin is composed of three primary layers : the epidermis , the dermis and the hypodermis . </P> Layers , Receptors , and Appendages of Human Skin <H3> Epidermis ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Epidermis <P> Epidermis , `` epi '' coming from the Greek meaning `` over '' or `` upon '' , is the outermost layer of the skin . It forms the waterproof , protective wrap over the body 's surface which also serves as a barrier to infection and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying basal lamina . </P> <P> The epidermis contains no blood vessels , and cells in the deepest layers are nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air and to a far lesser degree by blood capillaries extending to the outer layers of the dermis . The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are Merkel cells , keratinocytes , with melanocytes and Langerhans cells also present . The epidermis can be further subdivided into the following strata ( beginning with the outermost layer ) : corneum , lucidum ( only in palms of hands and bottoms of feet ) , granulosum , spinosum , basale . Cells are formed through mitosis at the basale layer . The daughter cells ( see cell division ) move up the strata changing shape and composition as they die due to isolation from their blood source . The cytoplasm is released and the protein keratin is inserted . They eventually reach the corneum and slough off ( desquamation ) . This process is called `` keratinization '' . This keratinized layer of skin is responsible for keeping water in the body and keeping other harmful chemicals and pathogens out , making skin a natural barrier to infection . </P> 2D projection of a 3D OCT - tomogram of the skin at the fingertip , depicting the stratum corneum ( ~ 500 μm thick ) with the stratum disjunctum on top and the stratum lucidum in the middle . At the bottom are the superficial parts of the dermis . The sweatducts are clearly visible . ( See also : Rotating 3D Version ) Components ( edit ) <P> The epidermis contains no blood vessels , and is nourished by diffusion from the dermis . The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are keratinocytes , melanocytes , Langerhans cells and Merkel cells . The epidermis helps the skin to regulate body temperature . </P> Layers ( edit ) <P> Epidermis is divided into several layers where cells are formed through mitosis at the innermost layers . They move up the strata changing shape and composition as they differentiate and become filled with keratin . They eventually reach the top layer called stratum corneum and are sloughed off , or desquamated . This process is called keratinization and takes place within weeks . The outermost layer of the epidermis consists of 25 to 30 layers of dead cells . </P> Sublayers ( edit ) <P> Epidermis is divided into the following 5 sublayers or strata : </P> <Ul> <Li> Stratum corneum </Li> <Li> Stratum lucidum </Li> <Li> Stratum granulosum </Li> <Li> Stratum spinosum </Li> <Li> Stratum germinativum ( also called `` stratum basale '' ) . </Li> </Ul> <P> Blood capillaries are found beneath the epidermis , and are linked to an arteriole and a venule . Arterial shunt vessels may bypass the network in ears , the nose and fingertips . </P> Genes and proteins expressed in the epidermis ( edit ) <P> About 70 % of all human protein - coding genes are expressed in the skin . Almost 500 genes have an elevated pattern of expression in the skin . There are less than 100 genes that are specific for the skin and these are expressed in the epidermis . An analysis of the corresponding proteins show that these are mainly expressed in keratinocytes and have functions related to squamous differentiation and cornification . </P> <H3> Dermis ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Dermis <P> The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain . The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane . It also harbors many nerve endings that provide the sense of touch and heat . It contains the hair follicles , sweat glands , sebaceous glands , apocrine glands , lymphatic vessels and blood vessels . The blood vessels in the dermis provide nourishment and waste removal from its own cells as well as from the Stratum basale of the epidermis . </P> <P> The dermis is structurally divided into two areas : a superficial area adjacent to the epidermis , called the papillary region , and a deep thicker area known as the reticular region . </P> Papillary region ( edit ) <P> The papillary region is composed of loose areolar connective tissue . It is named for its fingerlike projections called papillae , that extend toward the epidermis . The papillae provide the dermis with a `` bumpy '' surface that interdigitates with the epidermis , strengthening the connection between the two layers of skin . </P> <P> In the palms , fingers , soles , and toes , the influence of the papillae projecting into the epidermis forms contours in the skin 's surface . These epidermal ridges occur in patterns ( see : fingerprint ) that are genetically and epigenetically determined and are therefore unique to the individual , making it possible to use fingerprints or footprints as a means of identification . </P> Reticular region ( edit ) <P> The reticular region lies deep in the papillary region and is usually much thicker . It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue , and receives its name from the dense concentration of collagenous , elastic , and reticular fibers that weave throughout it . These protein fibers give the dermis its properties of strength , extensibility , and elasticity . </P> <P> Also located within the reticular region are the roots of the hairs , sebaceous glands , sweat glands , receptors , nails , and blood vessels . </P> <P> Tattoo ink is held in the dermis . Stretch marks often from pregnancy and obesity , are also located in the dermis . </P> <H3> Subcutaneous tissue ( edit ) </H3> <P> The subcutaneous tissue ( also hypodermis and subcutis ) is not part of the skin , and lies below the dermis of the cutis . Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves . It consists of loose connective tissue , adipose tissue and elastin . The main cell types are fibroblasts , macrophages and adipocytes ( subcutaneous tissue contains 50 % of body fat ) . Fat serves as padding and insulation for the body . </P> <H3> Cross-section ( edit ) </H3> Skin layers , of both hairy and hairless skin <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Skin color ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Human skin color <P> Human skin shows high skin color variety from the darkest brown to the lightest pinkish

The outer layer of the skin that contains no blood or nerve supply is the

The outer layer of the skin that contains no blood or nerve supply is the?

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Seven Nation Army - wikipedia <H1> Seven Nation Army </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Seven Nation Army '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The White Stripes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Elephant </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Good To Me '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> March 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 '' </Li> <Li> CD </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> April 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> Toe Rag Studios ( London ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Garage rock revival </Li> <Li> alternative rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> XL </Li> <Li> V2 </Li> <Li> Third Man </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jack White </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jack White </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The White Stripes singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Candy Cane Children '' ( 2002 ) </Td> <Td> `` Seven Nation Army '' ( 2003 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Just Do n't Know What to Do with Myself '' ( 2003 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Candy Cane Children '' ( 2002 ) </Td> <Td> `` Seven Nation Army '' ( 2003 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Just Do n't Know What to Do with Myself '' ( 2003 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` Seven Nation Army '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Seven Nation Army '' ( also stylized as `` 7 Nation Army '' ) is a song by American rock duo the White Stripes . It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album , Elephant , in March 2003 , and reached number one on the Alternative Songs chart -- maintaining that position for three weeks . It also became the third best - performing song of the decade on the same chart . It was well received commercially as well , and won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song . </P> <P> The song is known for its underlying riff , which plays throughout most of the song . Although it sounds like a bass guitar ( an instrument the group had never previously used ) , the sound is actually created by running Jack White 's semi-acoustic , 1950s - style Kay Hollowbody guitar through a DigiTech Whammy pedal set down an octave . A combination of the song 's popularity , recognizable riff , and defiant lyrics led to it becoming the band 's signature song . Often ranked as one of the greatest songs of the 2000s , it has been used widely at sporting events and political protests internationally . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Development </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Single track listing </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Critical </Li> <Li> 4.2 Popularity <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 Sporting events </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 Hamburg Port Anniversary celebration </Li> <Li> 4.2. 3 `` Oh Jeremy Corbyn '' and subsequent response </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 5.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 5.3 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Cover versions <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Ben l'Oncle Soul version <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 Chart performance </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.2 Marcus Collins version <Ul> <Li> 6.2. 1 Track listing </Li> <Li> 6.2. 2 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 6.2. 3 Release history </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Seven Nation Army '' Sample from `` Seven Nation Army '' . Jack White used an octave pedal to make the instrument resemble the tone of the bass guitar . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jack White has stated that he was saving the song 's guitar riff in case he was ever asked to do a James Bond theme song . Eventually White concluded that such an offer was unlikely and decided to incorporate the riff into a song instead ( White would later perform , with Alicia Keys , the song `` Another Way to Die '' for the 2008 Bond film Quantum of Solace ) . The title of the track comes from what Jack White used to call The Salvation Army as a child . The track was named as such as a placeholder before any lyrics were written ; however , the name stuck and thus was released as such . </P> <P> Billboard called the song a `` sparse affair led by a simple bassline ( actually played on guitar , with an octave effect ) , and is much more of a straightforward rock song '' than `` Fell in Love with a Girl . '' </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The video , directed by Alex and Martin , consists of one seemingly continuous shot through a kaleidoscopic tunnel of mirrored black , white and red triangles , touching on Jack 's love of the number three . The triangle slides alternate between images of Jack or Meg playing , interspersed with marching skeletons and an elephant , referring to the name of the album `` Seven Nation Army '' appeared on . The speed at which the triangles move forward through the tunnel speeds up and slows down in unison with the dynamics of the song . During the video , when the song begins to intensify , the lights in surrounding the triangles flash and other effects build up as well . </P> <H2> Single track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> `` Seven Nation Army '' ( Jack White ) </Li> <Li> `` Good to Me '' ( Brendan Benson / Jason Falkner ) </Li> <Li> `` Black Jack Davey '' ( Traditional ) </Li> </Ol> <P> The 7 '' single only contains the first two tracks . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Critical ( edit ) </H3> <P> `` Seven Nation Army '' received widespread critical acclaim . Remarking on the White 's reputation as a `` garage rock '' band , Billboard remarked of the song that even `` adventurous rock programmers might want to join the ' Army . ' '' AllMusic call the song `` breathtaking , '' and said that it delivers `` some of the fiercest blues - punk of the White Stripes ' career . '' </P> <P> The song featured on many `` end - of - year '' and `` best - of '' lists . In 2004 , `` Seven Nation Army '' was ranked at number three on the Pazz & Jop critics ' poll , by the American music magazine The Village Voice . It was number six on Rolling Stone 's 2009 list of the 50 Best Songs of the Decade . In March 2005 , Q magazine placed `` Seven Nation Army '' at number 8 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks . In September 2005 , NME placed `` Seven Nation Army '' at number 5 in its list of the 50 Greatest Tracks Of The Decade . It was also called the 75th greatest hard rock song by VH1 . In May 2008 , Rolling Stone placed this song at number 21 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time . `` Seven Nation Army '' also earned 20th place in Triple J 's Hottest 100 of All Time in 2009 . The song was also listed at # 30 on Pitchfork Media 's top 500 songs of the 2000s , and at number 2 in Observer Music Monthly 's top 75 songs of the decade , behind Beyoncé 's `` Crazy in Love '' . It also came in second on Channel V Australia 's top 1000 songs of the 2000s . In 2009 , US website Consequence of Sound named this as their top rock track of the 2000s , as did Boston 's WFNX Radio . On Rolling Stone 's updated version of their The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time , `` Seven Nation Army '' was listed at number 286 . It was also ranked # 1 on Rhapsody 's list of the Top 100 Tracks of the Decade . In October 2011 , NME placed it at number 23 on its list `` 150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years '' . In February 2013 , listeners to BBC Radio 6 Music placed the song at number 6 in `` 6 Music 's 100 Greatest Hits '' , the top songs released in the station 's lifetime . </P> <H3> Popularity ( edit ) </H3> Sporting events ( edit ) The song is played after every goal scored by Bayern Munich at the Allianz Arena <P> The song is very popular in European football stadiums , even becoming the unofficial anthem of Italy 's World Cup win in 2006 ( in Italy known as the `` the Po Po Po song '' ) and was used in both Euro 2008 , when the teams walked onto the pitch at the start of the game and in Euro 2012 , U-21 Euro 2013 and Euro 2016 , when it was played when a goal was scored . Subsequently , supporters of Club Brugge K.V. started chanting it and then Brugge began playing it in Jan Breydel Stadium during matches . After Brugge hosted A.S. Roma in a UEFA Cup match on February 15 , 2006 , the Italian side brought the song back home with them and it began to be played inside the stadium . By the time the World Cup had begun in June , the song had become the national team 's unofficial anthem . </P> <P> In response to the song 's popularity in Italy , Jack White said : </P> <P> I am honored that the Italians have adopted this song as their own ... Nothing is more beautiful than when people embrace a melody and allow it to enter the pantheon of folk music . As a songwriter it is something impossible to plan . Especially in modern times . I love that most people who are chanting it have no idea where it came from . That 's folk music . </P> <P> Falkirk fans have also taken to singing the main riff whenever they win a corner to the words `` We 're the navy blue army '' . Oldham fans also use the chorus , singing `` we 're following Oldham '' to it . The song is also sung by Sheffield United , who sing `` we 're the red and white army '' ; their main rivals , Sheffield Wednesday , subsequently changed the lyrics into their own chant , `` dirty red and white bastards '' , sung to taunt their rivals or , increasingly , any other team that plays in red . Also they sing , `` Ohhhh Forestieri '' , after the famous Owls Striker who has a bike and Wednesday shin pads . </P> <P> The song is also played at home games of La Liga team Atletico Madrid and A-League team Melbourne Victory following a team goal , with the song becoming an almost unofficial anthem for the club 's fans . The song was also chosen by the newly formed Western Sydney Wanderers FC as their goal scoring music . The club did not know the song was already connected to Melbourne Victory , and once the Wanderers active support group the Red & Black Bloc informed the club they stopped using

The song "Seven Nation Army" by The White Stripes was released in

What year did seven nation army come out?

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Fifty Shades of Grey ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> Fifty Shades of Grey ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Fifty Shades of Grey </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Sam Taylor - Johnson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Michael De Luca </Li> <Li> E.L. James </Li> <Li> Dana Brunetti </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> Kelly Marcel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Fifty Shades of Grey by E.L. James </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dakota Johnson </Li> <Li> Jamie Dornan </Li> <Li> Jennifer Ehle </Li> <Li> Marcia Gay Harden </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Danny Elfman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Seamus McGarvey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Debra Neil - Fisher </Li> <Li> Anne V. Coates </Li> <Li> Lisa Gunning </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production companies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Focus Features </Li> <Li> Michael De Luca Productions </Li> <Li> Trigger Street Productions </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Universal Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> February 9 , 2015 ( 2015 - 02 - 09 ) ( Los Angeles ) </Li> <Li> February 13 , 2015 ( 2015 - 02 - 13 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 128 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $40 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $571.1 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor - Johnson , with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel . The film is based on the 2011 novel of the same name by British author E.L. James and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele , a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey , played by Jamie Dornan . </P> <P> The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11 , 2015 and was released on February 13 , 2015 , by Universal Pictures and Focus Features . Despite receiving generally negative reviews , it was an immediate box office success , breaking numerous box office records and earning over $571 million worldwide . </P> <P> The film was the most awarded at the 36th Golden Raspberry Awards , winning five of six nominations , including Worst Picture ( tied with Fantastic Four ) and both leading roles . In contrast , Ellie Goulding 's single `` Love Me like You Do '' was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song , while The Weeknd 's single `` Earned It '' was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song . </P> <P> It is the first film in the Fifty Shades film series and was followed by two sequels , Fifty Shades Darker ( 2017 ) and Fifty Shades Freed ( 2018 ) . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Direction </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Music </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Marketing </Li> <Li> 5.2 Rating and censorship </Li> <Li> 5.3 Opposition campaign </Li> <Li> 5.4 Home media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Box office <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 North America </Li> <Li> 6.1. 2 Outside North America </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Pornographic - adaptation lawsuit </Li> <Li> 8 Sequels </Li> <Li> 9 Parody </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 Notes </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Twenty - one - year - old Anastasia `` Ana '' Steele is an English literature major at Washington State University 's ( `` WSU '' ) satellite campus near Vancouver , Washington . When her roommate , Kate Kavanagh , becomes ill and is unable to interview Christian Grey , a 27 - year - old billionaire entrepreneur , for the college newspaper , Ana agrees to go in her place . At Christian 's Seattle headquarters called Grey House , Ana stumbles her way through the meeting . Christian , who is that year 's WSU commencement speaker , takes an interest in her ; soon after , he visits the hardware store where Ana works . He agrees to Ana 's request for a photo shoot to accompany the article for which Ana had interviewed him . </P> <P> Christian invites Ana for coffee , but he leaves abruptly , saying he is not the man for her . Christian later sends Ana first edition copies of two Thomas Hardy novels , including Tess of the d'Urbervilles , as a gift . </P> <P> Ana and her friends celebrate graduation at a local bar . After drinking too much , Ana spontaneously calls Christian , saying she is returning the books and berates his behavior towards her . Christian goes to the bar and finds Ana , who passes out . She wakes up the next morning in Christian 's hotel room , relieved that they were not intimate . </P> <P> Ana and Christian begin seeing each other , though he insists that she sign a non-disclosure agreement preventing her from revealing details about their dalliance . Christian explains that he only has interrelations involving bondage that is clearly defined in a signed contract . Ana reveals that she is a virgin . While considering the agreement and negotiating her own terms , and after visiting his `` playroom '' , a room stocked with a variety of BDSM toys , furniture , and gear , she and Christian have sex . </P> <P> Christian bestows Ana with gifts and favors , such as a new car and laptop computer . After Ana and Kate move to Seattle , Ana continues seeing Christian . During dinner at Christian 's parents , Ana suddenly mentions she is leaving the next day to visit her mother in Georgia . Later , Christian becomes frustrated when Ana expresses she wants more than the one - sided relationship he proposes . She is shocked when Christian unexpectedly arrives in Georgia , they have sex again but he leaves soon afterward , to tend to an emergency in Seattle . </P> <P> After returning home , Ana continues seeing Christian , who wants further sexual experimentation . Ana initially consents , but Christian keeps emotionally distant , upsetting her . While still considering the contract , and in an effort to understand Christian psychologically , Ana asks him to demonstrate how he would `` punish '' her for rule breaking . Christian whips Ana 's buttocks six times with a belt . Upset and disgusted , Ana breaks up with Christian after concluding that he is wrong for her and his practices border on being deviant and excessive . </P> <P> In an alternative ending , both Ana and Christian experience flashbacks . Christian jogs in the rain , while Ana sobs in her apartment . Christian encounters a gift Ana gave him with the note : `` This reminded me of a happy time . -- Ana '' . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Jamie Dornan and Dakota Johnson . <Ul> <Li> Dakota Johnson as Anastasia ' Ana ' Steele , a 21 - year - old English Literature student attending Washington State University . </Li> <Li> Jamie Dornan as Christian Grey , a 27 - year - old billionaire , entrepreneur , and CEO of Grey Enterprises Holdings Inc . </Li> <Li> Eloise Mumford as Katherine `` Kate '' Kavanagh , Anastasia 's best friend / roommate who begins a relationship with Christian 's older brother , Elliot Grey . </Li> <Li> Jennifer Ehle as Carla Wilks , Anastasia 's mother . </Li> <Li> Marcia Gay Harden as Dr. Grace Trevelyan - Grey , Christian 's adoptive mother . </Li> <Li> Victor Rasuk as Jose Rodriguez , one of Anastasia 's close friends . </Li> <Li> Luke Grimes as Elliot Grey , Christian 's adopted older brother . </Li> <Li> Rita Ora as Mia Grey , Christian 's adopted younger sister . </Li> <Li> Max Martini as Jason Taylor , Christian 's bodyguard and head of his security . </Li> <Li> Callum Keith Rennie as Ray Steele , Anastasia 's father . </Li> <Li> Andrew Airlie as Carrick Grey , Christian 's adoptive father . </Li> <Li> Dylan Neal as Bob Adams , Anastasia 's stepfather . </Li> <Li> Anthony Konechny as Paul Clayton , the brother of the owner of Clayton 's Hardware Store . </Li> <Li> Emily Fonda as Martina </Li> <Li> Rachel Skarsten as Andrea , Christian 's assistant </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> By early 2013 , several Hollywood studios were keen to obtain film rights to The New York Times bestselling Fifty Shades trilogy of novels . Warner Bros. , Sony , Paramount , Universal , and Mark Wahlberg 's production company submitted bids for the film rights . Universal Pictures and Focus Features secured the rights to the trilogy in March 2013 . Author James sought to retain some control during the movie 's creative process . James chose The Social Network producers Michael De Luca and Dana Brunetti to produce the film . </P> <P> Although American Psycho writer Bret Easton Ellis publicly expressed his desire to write the screenplay for Fifty Shades of Grey , Kelly Marcel , screenwriter of Saving Mr. Banks , was hired for the job . Patrick Marber was brought in by Taylor - Wood to polish the screenplay , specifically to do some `` character work '' . Universal hired Mark Bomback for script doctoring . Mark Bridges served as the costume designer . Entertainment Weekly estimated the film 's budget as `` $40 million - or - so '' . </P> <H3> Direction ( edit ) </H3> <P> By May 9 , 2013 , the studio was considering Joe Wright to direct , but this proved unworkable due to Wright 's schedule . Other directors who had been under consideration included Patty Jenkins , Bill Condon , Bennett Miller , and Steven Soderbergh . In June 2013 , E.L. James announced Sam Taylor - Johnson would direct the film adaptation . Johnson was paid over $2 million for directing the film . </P> <P> 91⁄2 Weeks , Last Tango in Paris , and Blue Is the Warmest Colour were all cited by Taylor - Johnson as inspirations for the film . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Bret Easton Ellis stated that Robert Pattinson had been James 's first choice for the role of Christian Grey , but James felt that casting Pattinson and his Twilight co-star Kristen Stewart in the film would be `` weird '' . Ian Somerhalder and Chace Crawford both expressed interest in the role of Christian . Somerhalder later admitted if he had been considered , the filming process would ultimately have conflicted with his shooting schedule for The CW 's series The Vampire Diaries . On September 2 , 2013 , James revealed that Charlie Hunnam and Dakota Johnson had been cast as Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele , respectively . The short list of other actresses considered for the role of Anastasia included Alicia Vikander , Imogen Poots , Elizabeth Olsen , Shailene Woodley , and Felicity Jones . Keeley Hazell auditioned for an unspecified role . Lucy Hale also auditioned for the film . Emilia Clarke was also offered the role of Anastasia but turned down the part because of the nudity required . Taylor - Johnson would give every actress who auditioned for the role of

The actress who played the lead role in the first Fifty Shades of Grey movie is

Who played in the first fifty shades of grey?

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Capital punishment in Canada - wikipedia <H1> Capital punishment in Canada </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Capital punishment in Canada dates back to Canada 's earliest history , including its period as a French colony and , after 1763 , its time as a British colony . From 1867 to the elimination of the death penalty for murder on July 14 , 1976 , 1,481 people had been sentenced to death , and 710 had been executed . Of those executed , 697 were men and 13 were women . The only method used in Canada for capital punishment of civilians after the end of the French regime was hanging . The last execution in Canada was the double hanging of Arthur Lucas and Ronald Turpin on December 11 , 1962 , at Toronto 's Don Jail . </P> <P> The death penalty was de facto abolished in Canada in 1963 , and Bill C - 84 was enacted in 1976 resulting in the de jure abolition of the death penalty , except for certain military offences committed by members of the Canadian Armed Forces ( cowardice , desertion , unlawful surrender , and spying for the enemy ) which are prosecuted under the National Defence Act . In 1998 , Canada eliminated the death penalty for these military offences as well . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Last executions in Canada </Li> <Li> 1.2 Military executions </Li> <Li> 1.3 Executioners </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Methods </Li> <Li> 3 Public opinion </Li> <Li> 4 Policy regarding foreign capital punishment </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> The execution of Stanislaus Lacroix , March 21 , 1902 , Hull , Quebec . At top right , onlookers watch from telephone poles . <P> In 1749 , Peter Cartcel , a sailor aboard a ship in the Halifax harbour , stabbed Abraham Goodsides to death and wounded two other men . He was brought before a Captain 's Court where he was found guilty and sentenced to death . Two days later he was hanged from the yardarm of the vessel as a deterrent to others . This is one of the earliest records of capital punishment in English - speaking Canada . It is difficult to accurately state numbers of capital punishment since there were no systematic efforts to accurately record names , dates , and locations of executions until after 1867 , and many records have been lost because of fires , floods , or decay . </P> <P> After Confederation , a revision of the statutes reduced the number of offences punishable by death to three : murder , rape , and treason . In 1868 , Parliament also stated that the location of the execution was to be within the confines of the prison instead of public hangings . By the 1870s , the jails had begun to build the gallows 5 feet ( 1.5 m ) from the ground with a pit underneath instead of the previous high scaffold , the platform of which was level with the prison wall . </P> <P> In 1950 , an attempt was made to abolish capital punishment . Ross Thatcher , at that time a Cooperative Commonwealth Federation Member of Parliament , moved Bill No. 2 in order to amend the Criminal Code to abolish the death penalty . Thatcher later withdrew it for fear of Bill No. 2 not generating positive discussion and further harming the chances of abolition . In 1956 , the Joint Committee of the House and Senate recommended the retention of capital punishment as the mandatory punishment for murder , which opened the door to the possibility of abolition . </P> <P> In 1961 , legislation was introduced to reclassify murder into capital or non-capital offences . A capital murder involved a planned or deliberate murder , murder during violent crimes , or the murder of a police officer or prison guard . Only capital murder carried the death sentence . </P> <P> Following the success of Lester Pearson and the Liberal Party in the 1963 federal election , and through the successive governments of Pierre Trudeau , the federal cabinet commuted all death sentences as a matter of policy . Hence , the de facto abolition of the death penalty in Canada occurred in 1963 . On November 30 , 1967 , Bill C - 168 was passed creating a five - year moratorium on the use of the death penalty , except for murders of police and corrections officers . On January 26 , 1973 , after the expiration of the five - year experiment , the Solicitor General of Canada continued the partial ban on capital punishment , which would eventually lead to the abolition of capital punishment . On July 14 , 1976 , Bill C - 84 was passed by a narrow margin of 130 : 124 in a free vote , resulting in the de jure abolition of the death penalty , except for certain offences under the National Defence Act . These were removed in 1998 . </P> <P> On June 30 , 1987 , a bill to restore the death penalty was defeated by the House of Commons in a 148 -- 127 vote , in which Prime Minister Brian Mulroney , Minister of Justice Ray Hnatyshyn , and Minister of External Affairs Joe Clark opposed the bill , whereas Deputy Prime Minister Donald Mazankowski and a majority of Progressive Conservative MPs supported it . </P> <P> First - degree murder , which before abolition was the offence of capital murder , now carries a mandatory life sentence without eligibility for parole until the person has served 25 years of the sentence . </P> <H3> Last executions in Canada ( edit ) </H3> <P> The last two people executed in Canada were Ronald Turpin , 29 , and Arthur Lucas , 54 , convicted for separate murders , at 12 : 02 am on December 11 , 1962 at the Don Jail in Toronto . </P> <P> The last woman to be hanged in Canada was Marguerite Pitre on January 9 , 1953 , for her part in the Albert Guay affair . </P> <P> The last person sentenced to death was Mario Gauthier on May 14 , 1976 , for the murder of a prison guard in Quebec . He was reprieved as capital punishment was abolished for all common crimes on July 14 the same year . </P> <H3> Military executions ( edit ) </H3> <P> During the First World War , 25 Canadian soldiers were executed . Most were shot for service offences such as desertion and cowardice , but two executions were for murder . For details of these see List of Canadian soldiers executed during World War I . </P> <P> One Canadian soldier , Pte . Harold Pringle , was executed during the Second World War for murder . </P> <H3> Executioners ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> John Radclive </Li> </Ul> <P> John Radclive was Canada 's first professional executioner , placed on the federal payroll as a hangman by a Dominion order - in - council in 1892 , on the recommendation of the justice minister Sir John Thompson : Radclive is often described as having trained under British hangman William Marwood although there is no documentary proof for this . He can be shown to have hanged at least 69 people in Canada , although his life total was probably much higher . At his death , the Toronto Telegram said he had 150 executions . He died of alcohol - related illness in Toronto on February 26 , 1911 , at the age of 55 . </P> <Ul> <Li> Arthur Ellis </Li> </Ul> <P> Arthur Ellis was the pseudonym of Arthur B. English , a British man who became Canada 's official hangman in 1913 , after Radclive 's death . Ellis worked as a hangman in Canada until the botched execution of Thomasina Sarao in Montreal in 1935 , in which she was decapitated . He died in poverty in Montreal in July , 1938 , and lies buried in the Mount Royal Cemetery . </P> <P> The Crime Writers of Canada present annual literary awards -- the Arthur Ellis Awards -- named after this pseudonym . Ellis is prominently featured in the 2009 documentary Hangman 's Graveyard . </P> <Ul> <Li> Camille Branchaud </Li> </Ul> <P> The executioner who worked as Camille Branchaud , a pseudonym , succeeded Ellis . Branchaud was on the Quebec government payroll as a hangman , and executed people elsewhere in the country on a piecework basis . The hangman was traditionally based in Montreal where between 1912 and 1960 the gallows at Bordeaux Prison saw more executions ( 85 ) take place than any other correctional facility in Canada . </P> <P> Branchaud carried out many executions ( for which he was not paid ) in the postwar period in Canada , such as the double hanging of Leonard Jackson and Steven Suchan of the Boyd Gang at the Don Jail in 1952 , and Robert Raymond Cook 's execution in Fort Saskatchewan , Alberta , in 1960 . </P> <H2> Methods ( edit ) </H2> <P> The first method of hanging was `` hoisting '' in which a rope would be thrown over a beam and the convicted person would then be hoisted into the air by others pulling on the rope . The slip knot would then tightly close around the neck until strangulation . A variation of this included the person with a rope around the neck to stand on a cart and then it would be pushed from under him . This led to the development of suspension in which `` the drop '' caused by jerking something from underneath the offender became the main component of the execution . Executioners experimented with the length of the rope for the drop . They discovered new ways of causing instant unconsciousness and quick death upon hanging . In 1872 , the length of a drop extended to nearly five feet which dislocated the neck perfectly . Almost one year later , the length of the drop was extended to seven feet . </P> <P> The majority of offenders put to death by Canadian civilian authorities were executed by the `` long drop '' technique of hanging developed in the United Kingdom by William Marwood . This method ensured that the prisoner 's neck was broken instantly at the end of the drop , resulting in the prisoner dying of asphyxia while unconscious , which was considered more humane than the slow death by strangulation which often resulted from the previous `` short drop '' method . The short drop sometimes gave a period of suffering before death finally took place . </P> <P> Early in his career , John Radclive persuaded several sheriffs in Ontario and Quebec to let him use an alternative method in which the condemned person was jerked into the air . A gallows of this type was used for the execution of Robert Neil at Toronto 's Don Jail on February 29 , 1888 : </P> <P> The old plan of a `` drop '' was discarded for a more merciful machine , by which the prisoner is jerked up from a platform on the ground level by a weight of 280 lbs , which is suspended by an independent rope pending the execution ... At the words `` Forgive us our trespasses , '' the executioner drove his chisel against the light rope that held the ponderous iron at the other end of the noose , and in an instant the heavy weight fell with a thud , and the pinioned body was jerked into the air and hung dangling between the rough posts of the scaffold . </P> <P> The hanging of Reginald Birchall in Woodstock , Ont. in November 1890 seems to be the last time a device of this kind was used . Radclive

Canada abolished the death penalty on

When did canada get rid of the death penalty?

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Auditorium begin with the Parquet level , which has twenty - five full rows of thirty - eight seats and four partial rows at stage level , for a total of 1,021 seats . The First Tier and Second Tier consist of sixty - five boxes ; the First Tier has 264 seats at eight seats per box and the Second Tier seats 238 , with boxes ranging from six to eight seats each . Second from the top is the Dress Circle , seating 444 in six rows ; the first two rows form an almost - complete semicircle . At the top , the balcony seats 837 . Although seats with obstructed views exist throughout the auditorium , only the Dress Circle level has structural columns . </P> <H3> Zankel Hall ( edit ) </H3> <P> Zankel Hall , which seats 599 , is named after Judy and Arthur Zankel . Originally called simply Recital Hall , this was the first auditorium to open to the public in April 1891 . Following renovations made in 1896 , it was renamed Carnegie Lyceum . It was leased to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1898 , converted into a cinema , which opened as the Carnegie Hall Cinema in May 1961 with the film White Nights by Luchino Visconti and was reclaimed for use as an auditorium in 1997 . The completely reconstructed Zankel Hall is flexible in design and can be reconfigured in several different arrangements to suit the needs of the performers . It opened in September 2003 . </P> <P> The 599 seats in Zankel Hall are arranged in two levels . The Parterre level seats a total of 463 and the Mezzanine level seats 136 . Each level has a number of seats which are situated along the side walls , perpendicular to the stage . These seats are designated as boxes ; there are 54 seats in six boxes on the Parterre level and 48 seats in four boxes on the Mezzanine level . The boxes on the Parterre level are raised above the level of the stage . Zankel Hall is accessible and its stage is 44 feet wide and 25 feet deep -- the stage occupies approximately one fifth of the performance space . </P> <H3> Weill Recital Hall ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Joan and Sanford I. Weill Recital Hall seats 268 and is named after Sanford I. Weill , a former chairman of the board , and his wife Joan . This auditorium , in use since the hall opened in 1891 , was originally called Chamber Music Hall ( later Carnegie Chamber Music Hall ) ; the name was changed to Carnegie Recital Hall in the late 1940s , and finally became Joan and Sanford I. Weill Recital Hall in 1986 . </P> <P> The Weill Recital Hall is the smallest of the three performance spaces , with a total of 268 seats . The Orchestra level contains fourteen rows of fourteen seats , a total of 196 , and the Balcony level contains 72 seats in five rows . </P> <H3> Other facilities ( edit ) </H3> <P> The building also contains the Carnegie Hall Archives , established in 1986 , and the Rose Museum , which opened in 1991 . Until 2009 studios above the Hall contained working spaces for artists in the performing and graphic arts including music , drama , dance , as well as architects , playwrights , literary agents , photographers and painters . The spaces were unusual in being purpose - designed for artistic work , with very high ceilings , skylights and large windows for natural light . In 2007 the Carnegie Hall Corporation announced plans to evict the 33 remaining studio residents , some of whom had been in the building since the 1950s , including celebrity portrait photographer Editta Sherman and fashion photographer Bill Cunningham . The organization 's research showed that Andrew Carnegie had always considered the spaces as a source of income to support the hall and its activities . The space has been re-purposed for music education and corporate offices . </P> <H2> Architecture ( edit ) </H2> Closeup view of Carnegie Hall <P> Carnegie Hall is one of the last large buildings in New York built entirely of masonry , without a steel frame ; however , when several flights of studio spaces were added to the building near the turn of the 20th century , a steel framework was erected around segments of the building . The exterior is rendered in narrow Roman bricks of a mellow ochre hue , with details in terracotta and brownstone . The foyer avoids typical 19th century Baroque theatrical style with the Florentine Renaissance manner of Filippo Brunelleschi 's Pazzi Chapel : white plaster and gray stone form a harmonious system of round - headed arched openings and Corinthian pilasters that support an unbroken cornice , with round - headed lunettes above it , under a vaulted ceiling . The famous white and gold auditorium interior is similarly restrained . The firm of Adler and Sullivan of Chicago , noted for the acoustics of their theaters , were hired as consultant architects though their contributions are not known . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Andrew Carnegie , 1913 <P> Carnegie Hall is named after Andrew Carnegie , who funded its construction . It was intended as a venue for the Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Symphony Society , on whose boards Carnegie served . Construction began in 1890 , and was carried out by Isaac A. Hopper and Company . Although the building was in use from April 1891 , the official opening night was May 5 , with a concert conducted by maestro Walter Damrosch and great Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky . Originally known simply as `` Music Hall '' ( the words `` Music Hall founded by Andrew Carnegie '' still appear on the façade above the marquee ) , the hall was renamed Carnegie Hall in 1893 after board members of the Music Hall Company of New York ( the hall 's original governing body ) persuaded Carnegie to allow the use of his name . Several alterations were made to the building between 1893 and 1896 , including the addition of two towers of artists ' studios , and alterations to the smaller auditorium on the building 's lower level . </P> Carnegie Hall in 1895 Carnegie Hall in 1910 <P> The hall was owned by the Carnegie family until 1925 , when Carnegie 's widow sold it to a real estate developer , Robert E. Simon . When Simon died in 1935 , his son , Robert E. Simon , Jr. , became owner . By the mid-1950s , changes in the music business prompted Simon to offer Carnegie Hall for sale to the New York Philharmonic , which booked a majority of the hall 's concert dates each year . The orchestra declined , since it planned to move to Lincoln Center , then in the early stages of planning . At the time , it was widely believed that New York City could not support two major concert venues . Facing the loss of the hall 's primary tenant , Simon was forced to offer the building for sale . A deal with a commercial developer fell through , and by 1960 , with the New York Philharmonic on the move to Lincoln Center , the building was slated for demolition to make way for a commercial skyscraper . Under pressure from a group led by violinist Isaac Stern and many of the artist residents , special legislation was passed that allowed the City of New York to buy the site from Simon for $5 million ( which he would use to establish Reston , VA ) , and in May 1960 the nonprofit Carnegie Hall Corporation was created to run the venue . It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962 . </P> <P> Most of the greatest performers of classical music since the time Carnegie Hall was built have performed in the Main Hall , and its lobbies are adorned with signed portraits and memorabilia . The NBC Symphony Orchestra , conducted by Arturo Toscanini , frequently recorded in the Main Hall for RCA Victor . On November 14 , 1943 , the 25 - year old Leonard Bernstein had his major conducting debut when he had to substitute for a suddenly ill Bruno Walter in a concert that was broadcast by CBS , making him instantly famous . In the fall of 1950 , the orchestra 's weekly broadcast concerts were moved there until the orchestra disbanded in 1954 . Several of the concerts were televised by NBC , preserved on kinescopes , and have been released on home video . </P> <P> Many legendary jazz and popular music performers have also given memorable performances at Carnegie Hall including Benny Goodman , Duke Ellington , Glenn Miller , Billie Holiday , the Dave Brubeck Quartet , Violetta Villas , Judy Garland , Harry Belafonte , Charles Aznavour , Ike & Tina Turner , Paul Robeson , Nina Simone , Shirley Bassey , James Gang and Stevie Ray Vaughan , all of whom made celebrated live recordings of their concerts there . </P> <P> The hall has also been the site of many famous lectures , including the Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture by Booker T. Washington , and the last public lecture by Mark Twain , both in 1906 . </P> <P> Sissieretta Jones became the first African - American to sing at the Music Hall ( renamed Carnegie Hall the following year ) , June 15 , 1892 . The Benny Goodman Orchestra gave a sold - out swing and jazz concert January 16 , 1938 . The bill also featured , among other guest performers , Count Basie and members of Duke Ellington 's orchestra . </P> <P> Rock and roll music first came to Carnegie Hall when Bill Haley & His Comets appeared in a variety benefit concert on May 6 , 1955 . Rock acts were not regularly booked at the Hall however , until February 12 , 1964 , when The Beatles performed two shows during their historic first trip to the United States . Promoter Sid Bernstein convinced Carnegie officials that allowing a Beatles concert at the venue `` would further international understanding '' between the United States and Great Britain . `` Led Zeppelin became the first hard rock act to play Carnegie Hall since the Rolling Stones tore the place up some five years ago . '' Two concerts were performed October 17 , 1969 . Since then numerous rock , blues , jazz and country performers have appeared at the hall every season . Jethro Tull released the tapes recorded on its presentation in a 1970 Benefit concert , in the 2010 re-release of the Stand Up album . Ike & Tina Turner performed a concert April 1 , 1971 , which resulted in their album What You Hear is What You Get . The Beach Boys played concerts in 1971 and 1972 , and two songs from the show appeared on their Endless Harmony Soundtrack . Chicago recorded its 4 - LP box set Chicago at Carnegie Hall in 1971 . </P> <H3> Renovations and additions ( edit ) </H3> <P> The building was extensively renovated in 1986 and 2003 , by James Polshek , who became better known through his post-modern planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History . Polshek and his firm , Polshek Partnership , were involved since 1978 in four phases of the Hall 's renovation and expansion including the creation of a Master Plan in 1980 ; the actual renovation of the main hall , the Stern Auditorium ,

The opening concert at Carnegie Hall was conducted by

Who conducted the opening concert at carnegie hall?

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War ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Continental Army </Li> <Li> Continental Navy </Li> <Li> Minutemen </Li> <Li> Battles </Li> <Li> Intelligence </Li> <Li> Treaty of Paris </Li> <Li> Costs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Declaration of Independence ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Continental Congress </Li> <Li> Committee of Five </Li> <Li> Lee Resolution </Li> <Li> Articles of Confederation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States Constitution ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Philadelphia Convention </Li> <Li> Annapolis Convention </Li> <Li> The Federalist Papers </Li> <Li> Bill of Rights </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> A New Republic ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Republicanism </Li> <Li> American Enlightenment </Li> <Li> Liberalism </Li> <Li> First Great Awakening </Li> <Li> Role of Women </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Legacy ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Atlantic Revolutions </Li> <Li> Bicentennial </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Currency Act is one of many several Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain that regulated paper money issued by the colonies of British America . The Acts sought to protect British merchants and creditors from being paid in depreciated colonial currency . The policy created tension between the colonies and Great Britain , and was cited as a grievance by colonists early in the American Revolution . However , the consensus view among modern economic historians and economists is that the debts owed by colonists to British merchants was not a major cause of the Revolution . In 1995 , a random survey of 178 members of the Economic History Association found that 92 percent of economists and 74 percent of historians disagreed with the statement , `` The debts owed by colonists to British merchants and other private citizens constituted one of the most powerful causes leading to the Revolution . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Economic climate of the colonies </Li> <Li> 2 Act of 1751 </Li> <Li> 3 Act of 1764 </Li> <Li> 4 Legacy </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Economic climate of the colonies ( edit ) </H2> <P> From their origin , the colonies struggled with the development of an effective medium of exchange for goods and services . After depleting the vast majority of their monetary resources through imports , the first settlers strained to keep money in circulation . They could not find a suitable medium of exchange in which the value did not depreciate . The colonists generally employed three main types of currency . The first was commodity money , using the staple of a given region as a means of exchange . The second was specie , or gold or silver money . Lastly , paper money ( or fiat money ) , issued in the form of a bill of exchange or a bank note , mortgaged on the value of the land that an individual owned . </P> <P> Each year , the supply of specie in the colonies decreased due to international factors . The dearth of specie rendered it ineffective as a means of exchange for day - to - day purchases . Colonists frequently adopted a barter system to acquire the goods and services they required . Essentially , this method proved to be ineffective and a commodity system was adopted in its place . Tobacco was used as a monetary substitute in Virginia as early as 1619 . A major shortcoming of this system was that the quality of the substitutes was inconsistent . The poorer qualities ended up in circulation while the finer qualities were inevitably exported . This commodity system became increasingly ineffective as colonial debts increased . </P> <P> In 1690 , Massachusetts became the first colony to issue paper currency . This currency was employed as a means to finance its share of the debt from King William 's War . Other colonies quickly followed suit , and by 1715 ten of the thirteen had resorted to the issuance of paper currency . Economist Stanley Finkelstein highlights the advantage of paper currency , `` that unless it is backed by specie it is cost free currency . '' The paper currency depreciated quickly because the colonies printed more than what was taxed out of circulation . By 1740 , Rhode Island bills of exchange were only four percent of face value and those of Massachusetts were eleven percent . The money supply was growing at a much faster rate than that of the overall colonial economy , which led to hyperinflation and the corresponding reduction in purchasing power per unit of money . British merchants were forced to accept this depreciated currency as a repayment of debts . This led to the Currency Act of 1751 . </P> <H2> Act of 1751 ( edit ) </H2> <P> The first Act , the Currency Act of 1751 ( 24 Geo. II c. 53 ) , restricted the emission of paper money and the establishment of new public banks by the colonies of New England . These colonies had issued paper fiat money known as `` bills of credit '' to help pay for military expenses during the French and Indian Wars . Because more paper money was issued than what was taxed out of circulation , the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling . The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain , who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts . </P> <P> The Act limited the future emission of bills of credit to certain circumstances . It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts ( i.e. paying taxes ) , but disallowed their use for private debts ( e.g. for paying merchants ) . </P> <H2> Act of 1764 ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Currency Act of 1764 ( 4 Geo . III c. 34 ) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British colonies of North America . Unlike the earlier Act , this statute did not prohibit the colonies from issuing paper money , but it did forbid them from designating future currency emissions as legal tender for public and private debts . This tight money policy created financial difficulties in the colonies , where gold and silver were in short supply . Benjamin Franklin , a colonial agent in London , lobbied for repeal of the Act over the next several years , as did other agents . The act arose when Virginia farmers continued to import during the French and Indian War . Virginia issued 250,000 pounds in bills of credit to finance both public and private debts . This legislation differed from the 1751 act in that it prohibited the colonists from designating paper currency for use as payment for any debts , public or private . Parliament did not , however , prohibit the colonists from issuing paper money . The Act was put into place as a hedge against risks associated with economic fluctuations and uncertainty . </P> <P> The colonial government of the Province of New York insisted that the Currency Act prevented it from providing funds for British troops in compliance with the Quartering Act . As a result , in 1770 , Parliament gave permission ( 10 Geo . Ill c. 35 ) for New York to issue £ 120,000 in paper currency for public but not private debts . Parliament extended these concessions to the other colonies in 1773 ( 13 Geo . III c. 57 ) by amending the Currency Act of 1764 , permitting the colonies to issue paper currency as legal tender for public debts . According to historian Jack Sosin , the British government had made its point : </P> <P> After nine years , the colonial agents had secured a paper currency for the provinces . But the Americans had tacitly , if not implicitly , acknowledged the authority of Parliament . And in the final analysis this was all the imperial government wanted . </P> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Currency Acts created tension between the colonies and the mother country , and were a contributing factor in the coming of the American Revolution . In all of the colonies except Delaware , the Acts were considered to be a `` major grievance '' . When the First Continental Congress met in 1774 , it issued a Declaration of Rights , which outlined colonial objections to certain Acts of Parliament . Congress called on Parliament to repeal the Currency Act of 1764 , one of seven Acts labeled `` subversive of American rights '' . </P> <P> However , according to historians Jack Greene and Richard Jellison , the currency debate was no longer really a `` live issue '' in 1774 , due to the 1773 amendment of the Act . The controversy 's most important impact was psychological , in that it helped convince many colonists that Parliament did not understand or care about their problems . Colonial leaders came to believe that they , rather than Parliament , were better suited to legislate for the colonies . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Early American currency </Li> <Li> Gold Standard Act of the United States ( 1900 ) , also sometimes called the `` Currency Act '' </Li> <Li> Gabrielle Taylor </Li> <Li> Leilaiplier </Li> <Li> Sugar Act of 1764 </Li> <Li> Stamp Act of 1765 </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dt> Notes </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Whaples , Robert ( March 1995 ) . `` Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians ? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions '' . The Journal of Economic History . Cambridge University Press . 55 ( 1 ) : 140 . doi : 10.1017 / S0022050700040602 . JSTOR 2123771 -- via JSTOR . ( Registration required ( help ) ) . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Finkelstein , 39 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Finkelstein , 39 - 40 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ward , 462 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Review : Money and Politics in America , 1755 - 1775 : A Study in the Currency Act of 1764 and the Political Economy of Revolution , '' 462 . '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Allen , 96 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Allen , 96 -- 98 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Allen , 98 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Morgan , 128 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Walton & Rockoff , p. 105 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sosin , 196 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sosin , 198 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Greene and Jellison , 517 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Reid , 265 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Greene and Jellison , 518 . </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> Bibliography </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Allen , Larry . The Encyclopedia of Money . 2nd edition . Santa Barbara , Calif : ABC - CLIO , 2009 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 59884 - 251 - 7 . </Li> <Li> Finkelstein , Stanley S . `` The Currency Act of 1764 : A Quantitative Reappraisal . '' The American Economist 12.2 ( 1968 ) : 38 - 47 . </Li> <Li> Greene , Jack P. and Richard M. Jellison . `` The Currency Act of 1764 in Imperial - Colonial Relations , 1764 -- 1776 '' . The William and Mary Quarterly , Third Series , Vol. 18 , No. 4 ( October 1961 ) , 485 -- 518 . </Li> <Li> Morgan , David . The Devious Dr. Franklin , Colonial Agent : Benjamin Franklin 's Years in London . Macon , Georgia : Mercer University Press , 1999 . </Li> <Li> Reid , John Phillip . Constitutional History of the American Revolution , III : The Authority to Legislate . Madison : University

The Currency Act of 1764 involved

Who was involved in the currency act of 1764?

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Students for a Democratic Society - wikipedia <H1> Students for a Democratic Society </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the 1960s organization . For the more recent organization , see Students for a Democratic Society ( 2006 organization ) . <Table> Students for a Democratic Society <Tr> <Th> Predecessor </Th> <Td> Student League for Industrial Democracy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Successor </Th> <Td> New Students for a Democratic Society </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formation </Th> <Td> 1960 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded at </Th> <Td> Ann Arbor , Michigan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Extinction </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Purpose </Th> <Td> Left - wing student activism </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> United States </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Secessions </Th> <Td> Revolutionary Youth Movement </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Students for a Democratic Society ( SDS ) was a student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left . The organization developed and expanded rapidly in the mid-1960s before dissolving at its last convention in 1969 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of the Politics series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Students ' rights </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> History ( show ) <Ul> <Li> 2010 United Kingdom student protests </Li> <Li> 2014 Hong Kong protests </Li> <Li> Free school movement </Li> <Li> Free Speech Movement </Li> <Li> German student movement </Li> <Li> May 1968 events in France </Li> <Li> Port Huron Statement </Li> <Li> Protests of 1968 </Li> <Li> Students for a Democratic Society </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Concepts / Theory ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Authentic assessment </Li> <Li> Anarchistic free school </Li> <Li> Democratic education </Li> <Li> Freedom of speech </Li> <Li> Democratic schools </Li> <Li> Hidden curriculum </Li> <Li> Minimally invasive education </Li> <Li> Scholarism </Li> <Li> Sudbury school </Li> <Li> The Student </Li> <Li> Student activism </Li> <Li> Student - centred learning </Li> <Li> Student protest </Li> <Li> Student riot </Li> <Li> Students ' union </Li> <Li> Student voice </Li> <Li> Unschooling </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Issues ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Alternative school </Li> <Li> Censorship of student media </Li> <Li> Compulsory education </Li> <Li> Ordinance of Student Rights </Li> <Li> School corporal punishment </Li> <Li> School discipline </Li> <Li> School district drug policies </Li> <Li> School speech </Li> <Li> School - to - prison pipeline </Li> <Li> Student Bill of Rights </Li> <Li> Zero tolerance </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Organizations ( show ) <Ul> <Li> European Students ' Union </Li> <Li> Hong Kong Federation of Students </Li> <Li> Rouge Forum </Li> <Li> RMIT University Student Union </Li> <Li> New Students for a Democratic Society </Li> <Li> Student Press Law Center </Li> <Li> Worker Student Alliance </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Related ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Animal rights </Li> <Li> Anti-racism </Li> <Li> Feminism </Li> <Li> Labor rights </Li> <Li> Socialism </Li> <Li> Youth rights </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Social movements portal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> SDS has been an important influence on student organizing in the decades since its collapse . Participatory democracy , direct action , radicalism , student power , shoestring budgets , and its organizational structure are all present in varying degrees in current American student activist groups . Though various organizations have been formed in subsequent years as proposed national networks for left - wing student organizing , none has approached the scale of SDS , and most have lasted a few years at best . </P> <P> A new incarnation of SDS was founded in 2006 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origins </Li> <Li> 2 Early years : 1962 -- 1965 </Li> <Li> 3 From protest to resistance : 1965 -- 1968 </Li> <Li> 4 Climax and split : 1968 -- 1970 </Li> <Li> 5 SDS - WSA : 1969 to 1974 </Li> <Li> 6 The New SDS : 2006 and later </Li> <Li> 7 Cultural references </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Books </Li> <Li> 9.2 Articles </Li> <Li> 9.3 SDS publications </Li> <Li> 9.4 Archives </Li> <Li> 9.5 United States Government publications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origins ( edit ) </H2> <P> SDS developed from the Student League for Industrial Democracy ( SLID ) , the youth branch of a socialist educational organization known as the League for Industrial Democracy ( LID ) . LID descended from the Intercollegiate Socialist Society , started in 1905 . Early in 1960 , the SLID changed its name into SDS at the behest of its then acting Director , Aryeh Neier . The phrase `` industrial democracy '' sounded too narrow and too labor oriented , making it more difficult to recruit students . Moreover , because the LID 's leadership did not correspond to the expectations and the mood on the campuses , the SLID felt the need to dissociate itself from its parent organization . SDS held its first meeting in 1960 on the University of Michigan campus at Ann Arbor , Michigan , where Alan Haber was elected president . Its political manifesto , known as the Port Huron Statement , was adopted at the organization 's first convention in 1962 , based on an earlier draft by staff member Tom Hayden . </P> <P> The Port Huron Statement criticized the political system of the United States for failing to achieve international peace and critiqued Cold War foreign policy , the threat of nuclear war , and the arms race . In domestic matters , it criticized racial discrimination , economic inequality , big businesses , trade unions and political parties . In addition to its critique and analysis of the American system , the manifesto also suggested a series of reforms : it proclaimed a need to reshape into two genuine political parties to attain greater democracy , for stronger power for individuals through citizen 's lobbies , for more substantial involvement by workers in business management , and for an enlarged public sector with increased government welfare , including a `` program against poverty . '' The manifesto provided ideas of what and how to work for and to improve , and also advocated nonviolent civil disobedience as the means by which student youth could bring forth a `` participatory democracy . '' Kirkpatrick Sale described the manifesto as `` nothing less than an ideology , however raw and imperfect and however much would have resisted this word . '' </P> <P> The manifesto also presented SDS 's break with the left - wing policies of the postwar years . Firstly , it was written with the same overall vision all along the document and reflected their view that all problems in every area were linked to each other and their willingness not to lead single - issue struggles but a broad struggle on all fronts at the same time . Then , it expressed SDS 's willingness to work with groups whatever may be their political inclination and announced their rejection of anti-communism , a definitely new radical view contrasting with much of the American Left which had developed a policy of anti-communism . Without being Marxist or pro-communism , they denounced anti-communism as being a social problem and an obstruction to democracy . They also criticized the United States for its exaggerated paranoia and exclusive condemnation of the Soviet Union , and blamed this for being the reason for failing to achieve disarmament and to assure peace . </P> <P> The Port Huron Convention opened with a symbol of this break with the policy of the past years : the delegate of the Communist Progressive Youth Organizing Committee asked to attend the conference as an observer . The people from the Young People 's Socialist League objected while most of the SDSers insisted on letting him sit . He eventually sat . Later in the meeting , Michael Harrington , an LID member , became agitated over the manifesto because he found the stand they took toward the Soviet Union and authoritarian regimes in general was insufficiently critical , and because , according to him , they deliberately wrote sections to pique the liberals . Surprisingly , Roger Hagan , a liberal , defended the SDS and its policy . After lively debates between the two , the draft finally remained more or less unchanged . Some two weeks later , a meeting between the LID and SDS was held where the LID expressed its discontent about the manifesto . As a result , Haber and Hayden , at this time respectively the National secretary and the new President of the organization , were summoned to a hearing on the 6 July 1962 . There , Hayden clashed with Michael Harrington ( as he later would with Irving Howe ) over the perceived potential for totalitarianism among other things . Harrington denounced the seating of the PYOC member , SDS 's tolerance for communism and their lack of clarity in their condemnation of communist totalitarianism and authoritarianism , and he reproached SDS for providing only a mild critique of the Soviet Union and for blaming the cold war mostly on the United States . Hayden then asked him to read the manifesto more carefully , especially the section on values . Hayden later wrote : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` While the draft Port Huron Statement included a strong denunciation of the Soviet Union , it was n't enough for LID leaders like Michael Harrington . They wanted absolute clarity , for example , that the United States was blameless for the nuclear arms race ... In truth , they seemed threatened by the independence of the new wave of student activism ... '' </Dd> </Dl> <P> The tension between SDS and the LID was greatly increased when SDS called for a national demonstration to take place during the spring of 1965 . The LID was very concerned about `` Communist '' participation but SDS refused to restrict who could attend and what signs they could use . The rift opened even further when , at the 1965 SDS National Convention , the clause excluding communists from membership was deleted from the SDS constitution . During the summer of 1965 delegates from SDS and the LID met in Chicago and New York . The League for Industrial Democracy , SDS 's sponsoring organization , objected to the removal of the exclusion clause in the SDS constitution , as SDS benefited from LID 's non-profit status , which excluded political activity . By mutual agreement the relationship was severed October 4 , 1965 . </P> <H2> Early years : 1962 -- 1965 ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . ( May 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In the academic year 1962 -- 1963 , the President was Tom Hayden , the Vice President was Paul Booth and the National Secretary was Jim Monsonis . There were nine chapters with , at most , about 1000 members . The national office ( NO ) in New York City consisted of a few desks , some broken chairs , a couple of file cabinets and a few typewriters . As a student group with a strong belief in decentralization and a distrust for most organizations , the SDS did not have a strong central bureaucracy . The three stalwarts at the office , Don McKelvey , Steve Max , and the National Secretary , Jim Monsonis , worked long hours for little pay to service the local chapters , and to help establish new ones . Even during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October , little could be accomplished . Most activity was oriented toward civil rights issues and the Student

Students for a Democratic Society originated in

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The Fool on the Hill - wikipedia <H1> The Fool on the Hill </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Fool on the Hill ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` The Fool on the Hill '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The 1996 U.S. jukebox single release of the song , as the B - side to `` Magical Mystery Tour '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Song by the Beatles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Magical Mystery Tour </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 27 November 1967 ( US LP ) 8 December 1967 ( UK EP ) 19 November 1976 ( UK LP ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 25 -- 27 September , and 20 October 1967 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Baroque pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Parlophone , Capitol , EMI </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Lennon -- McCartney </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> George Martin </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` The Fool on the Hill '' is a song by the Beatles . It was written and sung by Paul McCartney ( credited to Lennon -- McCartney ) and recorded in 1967 . It was included on the Magical Mystery Tour EP and album , and presented in the Magical Mystery Tour film , with a promotional sequence filmed near Nice , in France from 30 -- 31 October 1967 . The song achieved perhaps its most widespread popular audience as a top ten hit single by Sérgio Mendes & Brasil ' 66 in 1968 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Composition </Li> <Li> 2 Musical structure </Li> <Li> 3 Recording </Li> <Li> 4 Personnel </Li> <Li> 5 Critical reaction </Li> <Li> 6 Performance history </Li> <Li> 7 Sérgio Mendes & Brasil ' 66 version </Li> <Li> 8 Other versions </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 Notes </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song 's lyrics describe the titular `` fool '' , a solitary figure who is not understood by others , but is actually wise . McCartney said the song relates to someone like Maharishi Mahesh Yogi : </P> <P> ' Fool on the Hill ' was mine and I think I was writing about someone like Maharishi . His detractors called him a fool . Because of his giggle he was n't taken too seriously ... I was sitting at the piano at my father 's house in Liverpool hitting a D 6th chord , and I made up ' Fool on the Hill . ' </P> <P> Alistair Taylor , in the book Yesterday , reports a mysterious incident involving a man who inexplicably appeared near him and McCartney during a walk on Primrose Hill and then disappeared again , soon after McCartney and Taylor had conversed about the existence of God ; this allegedly prompted the writing of the song . </P> <P> McCartney played the song for John Lennon during a writing session for `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' , and Lennon told him to write it down . McCartney did not ; he was sure he would not forget it . In his 1980 interview with Playboy magazine , Lennon said , `` Now that 's Paul . Another good lyric . Shows he 's capable of writing complete songs . '' </P> <H2> Musical structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song involves alternations of D major and D minor in a similar manner to Cole Porter 's alternations of C minor and C major in `` Night and Day '' . Thus the D major tonality that begins with an Em chord on `` Nobody wants to know him '' moves through a ii -- V -- I -- vi -- ii -- V progression till the shift to the Dm tone and key on `` but the fool '' . Other highlights are the inspired use in the Dm section of a minor sixth ( B ♭ ) melody note on the word `` sun '' ( with a Dm chord ) and a major ninth ( E melody note ) on the word `` world '' ( with a Dm chord ) . </P> <H2> Recording ( edit ) </H2> <P> McCartney recorded a solo demo version of the song on 6 September 1967 . This version was later released on the Anthology 2 compilation . Recording began in earnest on 25 September , with significant overdubs by the Beatles on 26 September . Mark Lewisohn said that the 26 September version was `` almost a re-make '' . A take from 25 September -- noticeably slower , somewhat heavier and with slightly different vocals -- is also included on Anthology 2 . After another session on 27 September where McCartney added another vocal , the song sat for a month before flutes were added on 20 October . </P> <P> Ray Thomas of the Moody Blues has said that he and bandmate Mike Pinder contributed harmonicas to the song alongside Lennon and George Harrison . </P> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Paul McCartney -- vocals , piano , acoustic guitar , recorder , bass , penny whistle </Li> <Li> John Lennon -- harmonica , Jew 's harp </Li> <Li> George Harrison -- acoustic guitar , harmonica </Li> <Li> Ringo Starr -- drums , maracas , zill </Li> <Li> Christopher Taylor -- flute </Li> <Li> Richard Taylor -- flute </Li> <Li> Jack Ellory -- flute </Li> </Ul> <P> Personnel per Ian MacDonald . Flautists also documented by Mark Lewisohn . </P> <H2> Critical reaction ( edit ) </H2> <P> Richie Unterberger of AllMusic said that `` The Fool on the Hill '' was the best of the new songs on Magical Mystery Tour aside from `` I Am the Walrus '' . Tim Riley , a music critic who has contributed to NPR , was not impressed , and unfavourably compared the subject of this song to fools in Shakespeare . Riley wrote , `` Possibilities in this song outweigh its substance -- it 's the most unworthy Beatles standard since ' Michelle . ' '' In 2012 , the song was ranked the 420th best classic rock song of all time by New York 's Q104. 3. . Robert Christgau , of Esquire Magazine in May 1968 , wrote it `` shows signs of becoming a favorite of the Simon & Garfunkel crowd and the transcendental meditators , who deserve it . A callow rendering of the outcast - visionary theme , it may be the worst song the Beatles have ever recorded . '' </P> <H2> Performance history ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Beatles were no longer performing regular concerts when they released `` The Fool on the Hill '' on record . McCartney performed it live with Wings on their 1979 tour of the UK . He also included it on his 1989 -- 1990 world tour . The performances on this tour incorporated sound bites from Martin Luther King , Jr. 's I Have a Dream speech . A live version from this tour is found on the album Tripping the Live Fantastic . The song surfaced again for McCartney 's 2001 -- 2002 tours , and another live version appeared on the Back in the US album . </P> <H2> Sérgio Mendes & Brasil ' 66 version ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` The Fool on the Hill '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Sérgio Mendes & Brasil ' 66 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Fool on the Hill </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1968 ( 1968 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Bossa nova </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> A&M Records </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> John Lennon </Li> <Li> Paul McCartney </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Sérgio Mendes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Sérgio Mendes & Brasil ' 66 recorded `` Fool on the Hill '' , using their approach of marrying a simple bossa nova rhythm with a string accompaniment . The lead vocal was by Lani Hall . Released as a single , it was a big hit , reaching No. 6 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . It also spent six weeks at No. 1 on the easy listening chart . It was included on Mendes ' album Fool on the Hill . </P> <H2> Other versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> Music service Allmusic lists more than 100 cover versions of the song . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Release </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> Eddie Fisher </Td> <Td> ( single ) </Td> <Td> Charted on the Record World magazine Non-Rock survey , the first version of the song to make the US singles charts and the last US chart single by Fisher </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> Bobbie Gentry </Td> <Td> Local Gentry </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1968 </Td> <Td> Corry Brokken </Td> <Td> Das war ein harter Tag : Beatles - Lieder auf deutsch </Td> <Td> In German : `` Der Mann , den ich will '' . Recorded in 1968 , but not released until 1995 , on a German compilation album Das war ein harter Tag : Beatles - Lieder auf deutsch . Interestingly , it uses an arrangement similar to Sergio Mendes ' version . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> The Four Tops </Td> <Td> The Four Tops Now ! </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Dorothy Ashby </Td> <Td> Dorothy 's Harp </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Petula Clark </Td> <Td> Just Pet </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Roslyn Kind </Td> <Td> Give Me You </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Stone the Crows </Td> <Td> Stone the Crows </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Vera Lynn </Td> <Td> B - side of single Goodnight </Td> <Td> Also on double album The Singles Collection ( 2007 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> Shirley Bassey </Td> <Td> ( single ) </Td> <Td> Reached number 48 on the UK Singles chart . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1971 </Td> <Td> Ron Goodwin </Td> <Td> Ron Goodwin in Concert </Td> <Td> Orchestral version . Goodwin 's orchestration gives the opening penny whistle solo to the violas of the orchestra . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1971 </Td> <Td> The Chopsticks </Td> <Td> All of a Sudden </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> Helen Reddy </Td> <Td> All This and World War II </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> Björk Guðmundsdóttir </Td> <Td> Björk </Td> <Td> Sung in Icelandic . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Sarah Vaughan </Td> <Td> Songs of the Beatles </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> John Paul Young </Td> <Td> The Singer </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> John Williams </Td> <Td> The Portrait of John Williams </Td> <Td> Classical guitar version </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> Sky </Td> <Td> Fool on The Hill </Td> <Td> Also on 2015 reissue edition of Cadmium . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Beatallica </Td> <Td> Masterful Mystery Tour </Td> <Td> Merged with Metallica 's `` Fuel '' to create `` Fuel on the Hill '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Aretha Franklin </Td> <Td> Rare & Unreleased Recordings from the Golden Reign of the Queen of Soul </Td> <Td> Recorded in 1969 during the sessions for This Girl 's in Love with You . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Mark Mallman </Td> <Td> Minnesota Beatle Project , Vol. 1 </Td> <Td>

The song "Fool on the Hill" is about

What is the meaning of the song fool on the hill?

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series of probes to Mars including the first intended flybys and hard ( impact ) landing ( Mars 1962B ) . The first successful fly - by of Mars was on 14 -- 15 July 1965 , by NASA 's Mariner 4 . On November 14 , 1971 Mariner 9 became the first space probe to orbit another planet when it entered into orbit around Mars . The amount of data returned by probes increased dramatically as technology improved . </P> <P> The first to contact the surface were two Soviet probes : Mars 2 lander on November 27 and Mars 3 lander on December 2 , 1971 -- Mars 2 failed during descent and Mars 3 about twenty seconds after the first Martian soft landing . Mars 6 failed during descent but did return some corrupted atmospheric data in 1974 . The 1975 NASA launches of the Viking program consisted of two orbiters , each with a lander that successfully soft landed in 1976 . Viking 1 remained operational for six years , Viking 2 for three . The Viking landers relayed the first color panoramas of Mars . </P> <P> The Soviet probes Phobos 1 and 2 were sent to Mars in 1988 to study Mars and its two moons , with a focus on Phobos . Phobos 1 lost contact on the way to Mars . Phobos 2 , while successfully photographing Mars and Phobos , failed before it was set to release two landers to the surface of Phobos . </P> <P> Roughly two - thirds of all spacecraft destined for Mars have failed without completing their missions , and it has a reputation as a difficult space exploration target . </P> <P> Missions that ended prematurely after Phobos 1 & 2 ( 1988 ) include ( see Probing difficulties section for more details ) : </P> <Ul> <Li> Mars Observer ( launched in 1992 ) </Li> <Li> Mars 96 ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Mars Climate Orbiter ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Mars Polar Lander with Deep Space 2 ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Nozomi ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> Beagle 2 ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> Fobos - Grunt with Yinghuo - 1 ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Schiaparelli lander ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Following the 1993 failure of the Mars Observer orbiter , the NASA Mars Global Surveyor achieved Mars orbit in 1997 . This mission was a complete success , having finished its primary mapping mission in early 2001 . Contact was lost with the probe in November 2006 during its third extended program , spending exactly 10 operational years in space . The NASA Mars Pathfinder , carrying a robotic exploration vehicle Sojourner , landed in the Ares Vallis on Mars in the summer of 1997 , returning many images . </P> <P> Phoenix landed on the north polar region of Mars on May 25 , 2008 . Its robotic arm dug into the Martian soil and the presence of water ice was confirmed on June 20 , 2008 . The mission concluded on November 10 , 2008 after contact was lost . In 2008 , the price of transporting material from the surface of Earth to the surface of Mars was approximately US $ 309,000 per kilogram . </P> <P> Rosetta came within 250 km of Mars during its 2007 flyby . Dawn flew by Mars in February 2009 for a gravity assist on its way to investigate Vesta and Ceres . </P> Interactive imagemap of the global topography of Mars , overlain with locations of Mars landers and rovers ( Red label = Rover ; Blue label = Lander ; bold red / blue = currently active ) . Hover your mouse to see the names of over 25 prominent geographic features , and click to link to them . Coloring of the base map indicates relative elevations , based on data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on NASA 's Mars Global Surveyor . Reds and pinks are higher elevation ( + 3 km to + 8 km ) ; yellow is 0 km ; greens and blues are lower elevation ( down to − 8 km ) . Whites ( > + 12 km ) and browns ( > + 8 km ) are the highest elevations . Axes are latitude and longitude ; Poles are not shown . ( See also : Mars map & Mars Memorials & Mars Memorials map ) ( view discuss ) ← Beagle 2 ( 2003 ) Curiosity ( 2012 ) → Deep Space 2 ( 1999 ) → Mars 2 ( 1971 ) → ← Mars 3 ( 1971 ) Mars 6 ( 1973 ) → Polar Lander ( 1999 ) ↓ ↑ Opportunity ( 2004 ) ← Phoenix ( 2008 ) Schiaparelli EDM ( 2016 ) → ← Sojourner ( 1997 ) Spirit ( 2004 ) ↑ Viking 1 ( 1976 ) → Viking 2 ( 1976 ) → <H3> Recent missions ( edit ) </H3> Curiosity 's self - portrait on the planet Mars at `` Rocknest '' ( October 31 , 2012 ) . The Electra radio of the MAVEN orbiter <P> NASA 's Mars Odyssey orbiter entered Mars orbit in 2001 . Odyssey 's Gamma Ray Spectrometer detected significant amounts of hydrogen in the upper metre or so of regolith on Mars . This hydrogen is thought to be contained in large deposits of water ice . </P> <P> The Mars Express mission of the European Space Agency ( ESA ) reached Mars in 2003 . It carried the Beagle 2 lander , which was not heard from after being released and was declared lost in February 2004 . Beagle 2 was located in January 2015 by HiRise camera on NASA 's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter ( MRO ) having landed safely but failed to fully deploy its solar panels and antenna . In early 2004 the Mars Express Planetary Fourier Spectrometer team announced the orbiter had detected methane in the Martian atmosphere . ESA announced in June 2006 the discovery of aurorae on Mars . </P> <P> In January 2004 , the NASA twin Mars Exploration Rovers named Spirit ( MER - A ) and Opportunity ( MER - B ) landed on the surface of Mars . Both have met or exceeded all their targets . Among the most significant scientific returns has been conclusive evidence that liquid water existed at some time in the past at both landing sites . Martian dust devils and windstorms have occasionally cleaned both rovers ' solar panels , and thus increased their lifespan . Spirit Rover ( MER - A ) was active until 2010 , when it stopped sending data because it had fallen into a sand dune . </P> <P> On 10 March 2006 , the NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter ( MRO ) probe arrived in orbit to conduct a two - year science survey . The orbiter began mapping the Martian terrain and weather to find suitable landing sites for upcoming lander missions . The MRO snapped the first image of a series of active avalanches near the planet 's north pole , scientists said March 3 , 2008 . </P> <P> The Mars Science Laboratory mission was launched on November 26 , 2011 and it delivered the Curiosity rover , on the surface of Mars on August 6 , 2012 UTC . It is larger and more advanced than the Mars Exploration Rovers , with a velocity of up to 90 meters per hour ( 295 feet per hour ) . Experiments include a laser chemical sampler that can deduce the make - up of rocks at a distance of 7 meters . </P> <P> MAVEN was successfully launched aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle at the beginning of the first launch window on November 18 , 2013 . Following the first engine burn of the Centaur second stage , the vehicle coasted in low Earth orbit for 27 minutes before a second Centaur burn of five minutes to insert it into a heliocentric Mars transit orbit . </P> <P> On September 22 , 2014 , MAVEN reached Mars and was inserted into an areocentric elliptic orbit 6,200 km ( 3,900 mi ) by 150 km ( 93 mi ) above the planet 's surface . </P> <P> The Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ) launched its Mars Orbiter Mission ( MOM ) on November 5 , 2013 . It was successfully inserted into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014 . India 's ISRO is the fourth space agency to reach Mars , after the Soviet space program , NASA and ESA . India became the first country to successfully get a spacecraft into Mars orbit on its maiden attempt . </P> <P> The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter arrived at Mars in 2016 and deployed the Schiaparelli EDM lander , a test lander that had partial success . Crash - landed on surface , but transmitted data during descent . </P> <H3> Overview of missions ( edit ) </H3> <P> The following entails a brief overview of Mars exploration , oriented towards orbiters and flybys ; see also Mars landing and Mars rover . </P> Early Soviet missions ( edit ) Main articles : Mars 1M , Mars 1 , and Mars program Mars 1M spacecraft . 1960s ( edit ) <P> Between 1960 and 1969 , the Soviet Union launched nine probes intended to reach Mars . They all failed : three at launch ; three failed to reach near - Earth orbit ; one during the burn to put the spacecraft into trans - Mars trajectory ; and two during the interplanetary orbit . </P> <P> The Mars 1M programs ( sometimes dubbed Marsnik in Western media ) was the first Soviet unmanned spacecraft interplanetary exploration program , which consisted of two flyby probes launched towards Mars in October 1960 , Mars 1960A and Mars 1960B ( also known as Korabl 4 and Korabl 5 respectively ) . After launch , the third stage pumps on both launchers were unable to develop enough pressure to commence ignition , so Earth parking orbit was not achieved . The spacecraft reached an altitude of 120 km before reentry . </P> <P> Mars 1962A was a Mars fly - by mission , launched on October 24 , 1962 and Mars 1962B an intended first Mars lander mission , launched in late December of the same year ( 1962 ) . Both failed from either breaking up as they were going into Earth orbit or having the upper stage explode in orbit during the burn to put the spacecraft into trans - Mars trajectory . </P> The first success ( edit ) <Table> Selected Soviet Mars probes <Tr> <Th> Spacecraft </Th> <Th> Orbiter or flyby outcome </Th> <Th> Lander outcome </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 1 </Td> <Td> Failure </Td> <Td> Failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 2 </Td> <Td> Success </Td> <Td> Failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 3 </Td> <Td> Partial success </Td> <Td> Partial success </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 4 </Td> <Td> Failure </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 5 </Td> <Td> Partial success </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 6 </Td> <Td> Success </Td> <Td> Failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mars 7 </Td> <Td> Success </Td> <Td> Failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phobos 1 </Td> <Td> Failure </Td> <Td> Not deployed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phobos 2 </Td> <Td> Partial success </Td> <Td> Not deployed </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Mars 1 ( 1962 Beta Nu 1 ) , an automatic interplanetary spacecraft launched to Mars on November 1 , 1962 , was the first probe of the Soviet Mars probe program to achieve interplanetary orbit . Mars 1 was intended to fly by the planet at a distance of about 11,000 km and take images of the surface as well as send back data on cosmic radiation , micrometeoroid impacts and Mars ' magnetic field , radiation environment , atmospheric structure , and possible organic compounds . Sixty - one radio transmissions were held , initially at two - day intervals and later at 5 day intervals ,

We first put a rover on Mars in

When did we first put a rover on mars?

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Magic Tree House - wikipedia <H1> Magic Tree House </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the 2011 anime film , see Magic Tree House ( film ) . <Table> The Magic Tree House <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Mary Pope Osborne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Illustrator </Th> <Td> Sal Murdocca ( USA ) Ayana Amako ( Japan ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Children 's historical fantasy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Random House ( USA ) Media Factory ( Japan ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Magic Tree House is an American series of children 's books written by American author Mary Pope Osborne . The original American series is illustrated by Salvatore Murdocca , although other illustrators have been used for foreign - language editions . </P> <P> The series consists of two groups . The first group consists of books 1 - 28 , in which Morgan Le Fay sends Jack and Annie Smith , two normal children who are siblings from the fictional town of Frog Creek , Pennsylvania , on numerous adventures and missions with a magical tree house . The second group , referred to as the Magic Tree House `` Merlin Missions , '' begins with book 29 , Christmas in Camelot . In the Merlin Missions , Jack and Annie have quests from the ancient wizard Merlin the Magician . These books are longer than the previous 28 , and some take place in fantasy realms like Camelot . Kathleen and Teddy are two apprentices who befriend Jack and Annie during their adventures , with one of these adventures being to free Teddy from a spell . The two occasionally join Jack and Annie , and , when they do n't , provide them support instead . During Super Edition # 1 , Teddy sends them on a mission instead of Morgan or Merlin . The companion `` Magic Tree House Fact Trackers '' are co-written by Mary Pope Osborne with her husband Will Osborne or her sister Natalie Pope Boyce . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Magic Tree House Books </Li> <Li> 2 Magic Tree House Merlin Mission Books </Li> <Li> 3 Magic Tree House Super editions </Li> <Li> 4 Non-fiction books </Li> <Li> 5 Characters <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Jack </Li> <Li> 5.2 Annie </Li> <Li> 5.3 Morgan le Fay </Li> <Li> 5.4 Teddy </Li> <Li> 5.5 Kathleen </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Movies </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Magic Tree House books ( edit ) </H2> <P> Magic Tree House Books are for Beginning Chapter Book Readers . Adventures with Jack and Annie , perfect for readers ages 6 - 9 who are just starting to read chapter books . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Published </Th> <Th> Story Arc </Th> <Th> Plot Summary / Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Dinosaurs Before Dark ( UK Title : Valley of the Dinosaurs ) </Td> <Td> 000000001992 - 07 - 28 - 0000 July 28 , 1992 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Tree house # 1 </Td> <Td> Jack and Annie discover the tree house and , using the magical books there , they travel back to the late Cretaceous period ( 65 million years ago ) where they meet a Pteranodon that saves them from a Tyrannosaurus rex . Jack finds a gold medallion with the letter `` M '' on it . Companion book : # 1 , Dinosaurs . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Knight at Dawn ( UK title : Castle of Mystery ) </Td> <Td> 000000001993 - 02 - 16 - 0000 February 16 , 1993 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Tree house # 2 </Td> <Td> In England during the Middle Ages , Jack and Annie explore a castle and meet a brave knight . Companion book : # 2 , Knights and Castles . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mummies in the Morning ( UK title : Secret of the Pyramid ) </Td> <Td> 000000001993 - 08 - 24 - 0000 August 24 , 1993 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Tree house # 3 </Td> <Td> In Ancient Egypt , Jack and Annie help Queen Hutepi find her missing Book of the Dead . Companion book : # 3 , Mummies and Pyramids . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pirates Past Noon ( UK title : Pirates ' Treasure ! ) </Td> <Td> 000000001994 - 03 - 08 - 0000 March 8 , 1994 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Tree house # 4 </Td> <Td> Jack and Annie encounter some pirates in the Caribbean Sea and meet Morgan le Fay , who turns out to be the mysterious `` M '' . Companion book : # 4 , Pirates . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Night of the Ninjas </Td> <Td> 000000001995 - 03 - 21 - 0000 March 21 , 1995 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Magic spell # 1 </Td> <Td> Morgan le Fay is under a spell . Jack and Annie must find four magical objects to reverse the spell , with the help of a mouse named Peanut . In ancient Japan , Jack and Annie encounter ninjas and samurai and get a moonstone . Companion book : # 30 , Ninjas and Samurai . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Afternoon on the Amazon ( UK title : Adventure on the Amazon ) </Td> <Td> 000000001995 - 08 - 29 - 0000 August 29 , 1995 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Magic spell # 2 </Td> <Td> Jack and Annie search the Amazon rainforest for a second magical object for Morgan le Fay , which turns out to be a mango . Companion book : # 5 , Rain Forests . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Sunset of the Sabertooth ( UK title : Mammoth to the Rescue ) </Td> <Td> 000000001996 - 04 - 14 - 0000 April 14 , 1996 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Magic spell # 3 </Td> <Td> In the last Ice Age , Jack and Annie encounter Cro - Magnons , wooly mammoths , and a saber - toothed cat while looking for the third object to help Morgan - a mammoth bone flute . Companion book : # 12 , Sabertooths and the Ice Age . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Midnight on the Moon ( UK title : Moon Mission ) </Td> <Td> 000000001996 - 10 - 29 - 0000 October 29 , 1996 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Magic spell # 4 </Td> <Td> Thirty - five years into their future ( 2031 ) , Jack and Annie travel to the moon to look for the fourth object needed to help Morgan le Fay . Companion book : # 6 , Space . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Dolphins at Daybreak ( UK title : Diving with Dolphins ) </Td> <Td> 000000001997 - 04 - 29 - 0000 April 29 , 1997 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Ancient riddles # 1 in </Td> <Td> Set in the Pacific Ocean with bottlenose dolphins . Companion book : # 9 , Dolphins and Sharks . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Ghost Town at Sundown ( UK title : A Wild West Ride ) </Td> <Td> 000000001997 - 09 - 16 - 0000 September 16 , 1997 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Ancient riddles # 2 </Td> <Td> Set in the American Wild West , where Jack and Annie meet a cowboy named Slim . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Lions at Lunchtime ( UK title : Lions on the Loose ) </Td> <Td> 000000001998 - 02 - 12 - 0000 February 12 , 1998 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Ancient riddles # 3 </Td> <Td> Jack and Annie are on a mission on the African Savannah . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Polar Bears Past Bedtime ( UK title : Icy Escape ) </Td> <Td> 000000001998 - 04 - 24 - 0000 April 24 , 1998 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Ancient riddles # 4 </Td> <Td> Set in the North Pole , Jack and Annie meet an Inuit . Companion book : # 16 , Polar Bears and the Arctic . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Vacation Under The Volcano ( UK title : Racing with Gladiators ) </Td> <Td> 000000001998 - 06 - 20 - 0000 June 20 , 1998 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Lost stories # 1 </Td> <Td> Jack and Annie travel to Pompeii on the eve of the eruption of Mt . Vesuvius . Companion book : # 14 : Ancient Rome and Pompeii . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Day of the Dragon King ( UK title : Palace of the Dragon King ) </Td> <Td> 000000001998 - 08 - 11 - 0000 August 11 , 1998 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Lost stories # 2 </Td> <Td> Jack and Annie travel to China as it was 2,000 years in their past . The Dragon King is also known as Emperor Qin . Companion book : # 31 , China : Land of the Emperor 's Great Wall . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> Viking Ships at Sunrise ( UK title : Voyage of the Vikings ) </Td> <Td> 000000001998 - 10 - 20 - 0000 October 20 , 1998 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Lost stories # 3 </Td> <Td> In medieval Ireland , Jack and Annie encounter Vikings . Companion book : # 33 , Vikings . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> Hour of the Olympics ( UK title : Olympic Challenge ! ) </Td> <Td> 000000001998 - 12 - 17 - 0000 December 17 , 1998 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Lost stories # 4 </Td> <Td> Jack and Annie travel to Ancient Greece and see the first Olympic games . Companion book : # 10 , Ancient Greece and the Olympics . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Tonight on the Titanic </Td> <Td> 000000001999 - 03 - 23 - 0000 March 23 , 1999 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Enchanted dog arc # 1 </Td> <Td> Jack and Annie travel back to 1912 and are on the RMS Titanic during her fateful voyage . In this arc the two are assisted by a dog named Teddy that they must find gifts to free . Companion book : # 7 , Titanic . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Buffalo Before Breakfast </Td> <Td> 000000001999 - 05 - 18 - 0000 May 18 , 1999 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Enchanted dog arc # 2 </Td> <Td> In the American Old West , Jack and Annie encounter a Lakota boy on the Great Plains . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Tigers at Twilight </Td> <Td> 000000001999 - 08 - 17 - 0000 August 17 , 1999 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Enchanted dog arc # 3 </Td> <Td> Jack and Annie explore the Indian jungles of the past . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Dingoes at Dinnertime </Td> <Td> 000000002000 - 03 - 14 - 0000 March 14 , 2000 </Td> <Td> In the mystery of the Enchanted dog arc # 4 </Td> <Td> Set in ancient Australia . Jack and Annie receive the final gift and return home where Morgan removes the spell on the dog who is revealed to be a boy named Teddy , a young magician who trapped himself under a spell causing him to become a dog . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Civil War on Sunday </Td> <Td> 000000002000 - 05 - 23 - 0000 May 23 , 2000 </Td> <Td>

The Magic Tree House book series falls under the genre of

What genre is the magic tree house books?