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B. F. Skinner was responsible for a different type of machine which used his ideas on how learning should be directed with positive reinforcement .

As an architectural ornament , spires are most consistently found on Christian churches , where they replace the steeple .

Dredge nets have a gross mesh in order to let organisms smaller than the target organisms through .

The European spadefoot toads are small - to large-sized frogs , up to 10 cm in length , which are often inconspicuously colored .

During late April , the Japanese submarines and reconnoitered the area where landings were planned .

Alternation between a multicellular diploid and a multicellular haploid generation is never encountered in animals .

Pamphlets can contain anything from information on kitchen appliances to medical information and religious treatises .

Algae have evolved a number of symbiotic partnerships with other organisms .

The company was also the first in the industry to develop a gas-fired generator to produce electricity for cathodic protection to fight corrosion on pipelines .

The company was also the first in the industry to make a gas-fired generator to electrify pipelines so they would n't corrode so much .

In 2010 , he came out as homosexual , after previously describing himself as bisexual .

Congenital syphilis is spread from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy or childbirth .

Congenital syphilis is that which is transmitted during pregnancy or during birth .

Opium poppy cultivation and drug trafficking have important role in the political and economic situation of Afghanistan for last twenty - five years .

The ovary typically develops into a capsule that splits along three or six longitudinal slits , while remaining closed at both ends .

The ovary typically develops into a capsule that is dehiscent by three or six longitudinal slits , while remaining closed at both ends .

Early Cybermen had an unsettling , sing-song voice , constructed by placing the inflections of words on the wrong syllables .

For many years , many scientists thought that the frontal lobe was comparatively larger in humans than in other primates .

Many scientists had thought that the frontal lobe was disproportionately enlarged in humans compared to other primates .

The botanical exhibits are organized according to their origin in free-air or climatized greenhouses , which also contain numerous tropical and subtropical plants .

A dialdehyde is a molecule with two aldehydes .

A dialdehyde is an organic chemical compound with two aldehyde groups .

In the late 1800s , anarchist naturism appeared as the union of anarchist and naturist ideas .

In the late 19th century , anarchist naturism appeared as the union of anarchist and naturist philosophies .

The disease was first reported in January 2007 in New York caves , although it was retrospectively detected in a photograph taken in early 2006 .

Because of their abundance , seamounts are one of the most common marine ecosystems in the world .

Context switches are usually computationally intensive , and much of the design of operating systems is to optimize the use of context switches .

Igneous rocks can be classified according to chemical or mineralogical parameters .

Much debate exists among taxonomists about which races of pocket gophers should be recognized as full species , and the following list cannot be regarded as definitive .

There has been much debate among taxonomists about which races of pocket gopher should be recognized as full species .

A feral population can have a significant impact on an ecosystem by predation on vulnerable plants or animals , or by competition with indigenous species .

A feral population can damage an ecosystem by eating vulnerable plants or animals , or by competition with indigenous species .

The heat index is referenced to any combination of air temperature and humidity where the partial pressure of water vapor is equal to a baseline value of 1.6 kPa .

The heat index is defined so as to equal the actual air temperature when the partial pressure of water vapor is equal to a baseline value of 1.6 kPa .

Wood is a natural composite of cellulose fibres in a matrix of lignin .

Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings .

Treatment for cerebrovascular disease may include medication , lifestyle changes and / or surgery , depending on the cause .

Treatment for cerebrovascular disease includes medication , lifestyle changes and surgery .

Inductors are also used in electrical transmission systems , where they are used to lower the amount of voltage an electrical device gives off or lower the fault current .

Philosophy , Epictetus taught , is a way of life and not just a theoretical discipline .

Epictetus taught that philosophy is a way of life and not just a theoretical discipline .

However , it is an extremely persistent organic pollutant ; it does not degrade easily .

If schizophrenia is caused by bad communication between mother and child , then family interaction studies become relevant .

Some materials studied using crystallography , proteins for example , do not occur naturally as crystals .

Some materials that have been analyzed crystallographically , such as proteins , do not occur naturally as crystals .

New species have been created by animal husbandry , but the dates and methods of the initiation of such species are not clear .

Equivalently it is the combination of a rotation and an inversion in a point on the axis .

In 3D , equivalently it is the combination of a rotation and an inversion in a point on the axis .

Intellectual property laws such as copyrights and patents have the effect of converting some intangible goods to scarce goods .

Now modern CPUs have multiple parallel execution units , referred to as scalar or superscalar design .

It is common for modern CPUs to have multiple parallel execution units , which is referred to as superscalar design .

The tombstones usually have some inscriptions .

Several gene families are involved in the processes of hyperaccumulation including upregulation of absorption and sequestration of heavy metal metals .

Several gene families are involved in hyperaccumulation including absorbing and storing heavy metals .

Both of these industrial quarters were almost entirely destroyed during World War II , with the bombings of a single night from 3 February 1945 .

There are over 2,600 cases of bacterial meningitis in the United States per year .

Positive latitudes are north of the equator and less than zero latitudes are south of equator .

Positive latitudes are north of the equator , negative latitudes are south of the equator .

The penalty for high treason is life imprisonment .

The work is anonymous , although there has been extensive speculation on the author 's identity .

Many foods can trigger anaphylaxis ; this may occur upon the first known ingestion .

Pseudogenes are generally thought of as the last stop for genomic material that is to be removed from the genome , so they are often labeled as junk DNA .

Because pseudogenes were initially thought of as the last stop for genomic material that could be removed from the genome , they were often labeled as junk DNA .

Short 's unsolved murder and the details surrounding it have had a lasting cultural intrigue , generating various theories and public speculation .

In his weakest form , Frieza is a relatively short humanoid with a large chestnut - shaped skull and two horns .

Later during the 20th century , the concept of pteridosperms was expanded to include various Mesozoic groups of seed plants with fern-like fronds .

Earth 's orbit is an ellipse .

The Earth 's orbit approximates an ellipse .

Researchers have also found the effects of illusory superiority in studies into relationship satisfaction .

Natural and contaminant organometallic compounds are found in the environment .

The observation that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding .

Cadmium sulfate is used to electroplate cadmium on electronic circuits .

Cadmium sulfate is used widely for the electroplating of cadmium in electronic circuits .

The new house seats 1,750 and is elliptical in shape with a large orchestra level and 37 boxes around its perimeter .

The metatarsal bones are often broken by association football players .

Lichenometry is a method of dating exposed rock by using the growth of lichen .

Lichenometry is a technique used to determine the age of exposed rock surfaces based on the size of lichen thalli .

An epigenetic effect heterosis has been found in plants , and also in animals .

Many island rails are flightless because small island habitats without mammalian predators eliminate the need to fly or move long distances .

With around 10,000 species the Oligochaetes make up about a half of the phylum Annelida .

With around 10,000 known species , the Oligochaeta make up about half of the phylum Annelida .

Though the shock at the slaughter was enormous , the Romans immediately began a slow , systematic process of preparing for the reconquest of the country .

Leaf insects are camouflaged taking on the appearance of leaves .

Ambush predators or sit-and - wait predators are carnivorous animals or other organisms , such as some carnivorous plants .

Ambush or sit-and - wait predators are carnivorous animals that capture prey by stealth or surprise .

In some jurisdictions , schools are required to conduct regular tornado drills , though generally less frequently than fire drills .

Today laser engraving machines are in development but still mechanical cutting has proven its strength in economical terms and quality .

Now , laser engraving machines are being made and even today the mechanical cutting has proven its strength in economical terms and quality .

Normal wear and tear is pitting from cavitation , fatigue cracking , and abrasion from suspended solids in the water .

Normal wear and tear includes pitting corrosion from cavitation , fatigue cracking , and abrasion from suspended solids in the water .

Recent research has shown that lithium has been effective with lowering the risk of suicide in those with bipolar disorder to the same levels as the general population .

Recent research shows that lithium lowers the risk of suicide for people with bipolar disorder .

Holland died of complications of cardiovascular disease on December 24 , 2017 , at the age of 89 .

Over the years , the novel has been subject to various interpretations , primarily focusing on the historical role of book burning in suppressing dissenting ideas .

The novel has been the subject of interpretations focusing on the historical role of book burning in suppressing dissenting ideas for change .

Lactose intolerance is distinct from milk allergy , an immune response to cow 's milk proteins .

Lactose intolerance is not the same as milk allergy , which is an immune reaction to some of the proteins in milk .

Radiation therapy is used on tumors because of its ability to control cell growth .

Without treatment , an acute attack of gout usually resolves in five to seven days ; however , 60 % of people have a second attack within one year .

The water , having been separated from the air , leaves the camera aeolis at the same speed as it enters .