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bd4c9430-047e-4e8c-a9fe-a212cca89b1b | Dental Treatment.—Tuberculous patients requiring dental treatment are referred to the Borough Council clinic at Brewer Street. During the year 38 cases received treatment. The number of attendances was 156. Patients requiring dentures are assessed according to their income, each case being considered on its merits by the Tuberculosis Care Committee, which submits a suitable recommendation to the Health Committee. Dentures were supplied in 18 cases at a cost of £84 5s. 2d., and payments by patients amounted to £31 0s. lOd. 99 Finaen Light Treatment.—This form of treament is available for patients suffering from lupus and is carried out at the London Hospital under an arrangement made in 1921. A fee of 5s. Od. is paid for Finsen Light Treatment. For other forms of light treatment the fee is Is. Od. Two patients were so treated during the year. |
b6779aa4-083a-43fc-955e-f3faa4046a08 | Artificial Pneumothorax.—This treatment is at present the most satisfactory form of putting a diseased lung at rest. Air is introduced through a needle into the pleural cavity of the affected side or sides and as it becomes absorbed it is replaced at varying intervals. These refills have to be maintained over a lengthy period— two or three years. The Council pays a fee of 10s. 6d. for every refill. This charge includes the necessary X-ray work in connection therewith. At the present time refills are carried out at various hospitals, both voluntary and public. Sometimes the patient continues to attend a sanatorium as an out-patient. The growth of this method of treatment in recent years is shown by the following Table No. 56. TABLE No. 56. Pneumothorax Refills. Year. Patients. Refills. |
b70cca83-1152-4742-92b5-cc1f108554e2 | 1935 45 621 1936 51 779 1937 61 977 1938 77 1,181 Occasionally patients undergoing this treatment are also recommended for a simultaneous course of Sanocrysin. The cost to the Council for each injection given to patients recommended for it by the Tuberculosis Officer is 3s. 6d. No such injections were given during the year. Institutional Treatment.—The following Table shows the number of admissions to special hospitals, sanatoria, public general hospitals, institutions and training colonies :— TABLE No. 57. Admissions to Hospitals, etc. Special Hospitals. Sanatoria. Public General Hospitals. Training Colonies. Insured 109 98 101 9 Uninsured 26 23 42 2 Children. |
f8e1890a-879e-4cfd-820a-929d499dfbdb | 27 2 5 — 162 123 148 11 100 These figures refer to 344 patients and the monthly admissions were as follows :— January 54 May 34 September 38 February 29 June 27 October 43 March 53 July 38 November 27 April 31 August 41 December 29 Co-operation with Maternity and Child Welfare Service.—Interchange of information between the two departments is constantly taking place. Any nontuberculous but debilitated or ailing child under five years of age is referred to the Maternity and Child Welfare department, and vice versa, the Tuberculosis Dispensary is informed of any child attending the Health Centres whose condition suggests that there is a possibility of a tuberculous infection. Co-operation with School Medical Service.—Contact between the two services is close, many children being referred to the dispensary by the School Medical Officer, and the child contacts of tuberculous persons are referred to the School service for special observation and supervision. |
c7481d94-4853-4a91-b0c2-c8cd11077f9d | Some unsatisfactory children are recommended for admission to the Open Air School and these children are brought to the dispensary by the school nurse for supervision and examination. Nontuberculous children found to be suffering from other complaints of a minor kind are referred to the School Clinic and others whose condition, or home circumstances warrant it, are referred to the School Care Organiser, so that the need for the provision of school dinners, milk or Cod Liver Oil and Malt at school can be considered. During the year 19 children were referred to the London County Council for prolonged convalescent treatment. Other children needing such treatment are referred to the Woolwich Invalid Children's Aid Association. Co-operation with Local Practitioners.—During the year 82 cases were seen by the Tuberculosis Officer at the homes of patients and the number referred by local practitioners was 437. Co-operation with St. |
0032a734-8cda-4acb-a7de-ade41bfed698 | Nicholas Hospital.—In accordance with arrangements made with the London County Council in 1933 the Tuberculosis Officer continues to visit the hospital weekly, and in addition to visiting the wards is responsible for every recommendation for sanatorium treatment forwarded by the hospital. Woolwich Tuberculosis Care Committee.—At the end of the year the Committee was constituted as follows :— Bodies. Representatives. Woolwich Borough Council. Alderman Mrs. E. Brooks ; Councillors R- Campbell, Mrs. L. E. Driver, G. Greenwood, C. J. Keedy and S. W. Lister. Trade Unions. Mr. W. H. Fairchild, Mr. E. Ware. Employers Miss L. E. Ames, Mrs. D. B. Baldwick, Mr. A. J. Golding. Friendly Societies Mr. W. A. Lyon, Mr. A. J. Rourke, Mr. |
0f5b8c8d-235d-4ee2-9a0f-e1542553009b | L. R- Williams. \ 101 B0dies. Representatives. London County Council Dr. H. R. Kidner, Miss C. F. Aves. London County Council (Public Assistance Mrs. R. Ashfield, Mr. R. Campbell, Mrs. B. G. Committee) Dickinson. London Insurance Committee Mr. S. H. Brown. Panel Committee for the County of London Dr. H. M. Wise. British Red Cross Society Mr. J. O'Connell. Woolwich Invalid Children's Aid Association Mrs. J. B. Great-Rex, M.B.E. Late Tuberculosis Dispensary Committee Mr. E. G. Dixon, O.B.E., J.P. United Services Fund Mrs. A. Evans. Ex-Officio. Voluntary Visitors Miss E. Fletcher, Miss D. A. Frye, Miss M. Ross. Tuberculosis Officer Dr. |
78cf35c5-e4df-4af2-911b-77da9ccae940 | F. J. C. Blackmore. Medical Officer of Health Dr. J. MacMillan, D.S.O., M.C. The following extract from the Annual Report of the Tuberculosis Care Committee for 1938 tells how this Committee works for the benefit of the patient and his household:— "The general aim of the Committee may be stated as follows:—To look after every family in the Borough in which there is a tuberculous patient, and to advise and assist as far as in their power lies, so that nothing may be lacking to supplement the medical treatment which is provided by the public authorities. The means by which we seek to attain the above objective may be enumerated as follows:— (а) The Patient. (1) The provision of clothes to enable the patient to go to an institution. (2) The provision of pocket money while he is away from home. |
b880ca6b-cb04-44e8-aa91-6a7c2668d461 | It will be readily understo0d that in institutions patients require small sums of money to meet the cost of postages, newspapers, toilet requisites, etc. (3) Necessary nursing requisites when the patient is at home, e.g., air beds, bed rings, back rests, hot water bottles, bed pans, etc., and surgical aids and instruments in orthopaedic cases. (4) National Health Insurance.—It is found that the National Health Insurance affairs of many patients are not in order. This may be due to indifference, carelessness or unfortunate circumstances which have put the patient in arrears. The Committee endeavours to straighten out these matters so that the patient may derive all the benefit to which he is entitled. In some cases money is advanced to pay up the arrears, which may immediately put the patient into financial benefit and in such cases is expected to refund this amount from the monies received if the circumstances justify this course. |
5887f72d-5d48-4b96-8879-a063f83e54f1 | (5) The interest of the employer is sought to keep the patient's job open and in other cases endeavour is made to find suitable employment for patients who have lost their posts as a result of their illness. (б) By putting the patient in touch with other organisations which may help, e.g., British Legion, British Red Cross, United Services Fund, Public Assistance, etc. 102 (7) Occupational Therapy.-—-This is dealt with more fully later in the Report. (8) Assistance at Christmas time. See under " Pound Day " later. (9) Wireless licences for lone patients. (b) The Patient's Household. (1) By providing extra beds and bedding where necessary to enable the patient to sleep alone on return from sanatorium. (2) Fares are allowed to relatives to visit the patient at intervals. (3) Financial assistance in special cases may take the form of assistance with moving expenses, redeeming Goods from pawn, furniture debts, rent arrears, etc. |
b2a36b84-1995-4f6e-8395-d76537eaf8e9 | (4) Clothes are provided, either new or from store, for needy members of the patient's family. (5) Where the mother of a family has to receive sanatorium treatment " Home Helps " are sent in. (6) Arrangements are made for the boarding out of children. (7) Cookery and Needlework Classes for the womenfolk. (8) Extra nourishment for contacts through other agencies. (c) Extra Assistance. The Care Committee acts as agent for the Borough Council in providing extra nourishment, dental treatment, and advising as to alternative housing." A copy of this report can be obtained from the Secretary of the Committee, The Dispensary, Maxey Road, Plumstead. The Occupational Therapy Centre for men continues to work satisfactorily and is open for 5½ days a week. The number of patients on the attendance register at the end of the year was 15. The number of attendances recorded during the year was 4,250. |
9aa5d6e8-9805-48eb-8829-dad1256b6902 | Two patients have passed out into normal industry and for others the centre has met a real need in catering for the advanced ambulant patient who would otherwise be moping about at home. Bacteriological Examination of Sputum.—During the year 598 specimens were examined at the Dispensary and of these 102 were positive and 496 negative. Specimens sent by general practitioners are dealt with at the Woolwich War Memorial Hospital and 461 specimens were so examined during the year, 55 being positive and 406 negative. 103 Arrangements for Disinfection and Disinfestation and the Extent of Their Use. Disinfection.—The Council's Disinfecting Station is situated at White Hart Road, Plumstead, where there are installed two Washington Lyon Steam Disinfectors, one high-pressure steam washing disinfector, and one room for disinfecting articles which cannot be subjected to heat. |
926cefcb-0078-4e4c-a8ad-4bb031bed05d | The Station is used for the disinfection of articles after the ordinary infectious fevers and for the disinfestation of bedding and kindred articles infested with vermin. The Station is sometimes used for special disinfection at the request of inhabitants. A small charge is made for these disinfections and during the year 39 such disinfections were carried out, and charges amounting to £10 4s. 0d. were paid. Occasionally rag flock is disinfected prior to export. In tabular form is shown below the amount of disinfection which was carried out during the year:— TABLE No. 58. |
e952e551-77f6-41e2-97a2-7143e71ad0dc | Rooms disinfected after ordinary fever 707 Rooms disinfected after tuberculosis 243 Rooms disinfected after verminous cases 1,370 Rooms disinfected for other reasons 12 Articles disinfected 42,067 Disinfestation.—In accordance with the terms of an agreement with the London County Council, disinfestation of school children is carried out at the Cleansing Station, White Hart Road. Disinfestation of adults is carried out at times when the children are not there. The following Table No. 59 shows the number of persons cleansed each year since 1934. TABLE No. 59. Year. Children. Adults. Grand Total. Boys. Girls. Total. Males. Females. Total. |
f183bc7a-3eb0-443f-a5e5-1eeeb4dfdd92 | 1934 611 1,715 2,326 6 1 7 2,333 1935 603 1,818 2,421 10 3 13 2,434 1936 632 1,747 2,379 4 3 7 2,386 1937 660 2,047 2,707 9 17 26 2,733 1938 924 1,892 2,816 19 30 49 28,65 104 Scabies.—The number of cases of scabies coming to the knowledge of the Department during the year was 199. In 1937 the corresponding figure was 144, in 1936 it was 100, and in 1935 it was 64. Seventy-four of these cases occurred in Eltham and 125 in the rest of the Borough. |
95d89fb5-9718-4c34-8e8c-b6de4046ed1f | The incidence of the disease per thousand of the population is much higher, in Eltham, as it has been consistently, in recent years. This indicates the necessity for the early establishment of a Cleansing Station in this part of the Borough and it is expected that one will be opened in the Sherard Road building some time in 1939. Bed Bug Infestation.—A report on the disinfestation of bug infested premises and furniture and the meth0ds adopted to prevent the infestation of new premises will be found in Section V. 105 SECTION VIII. INSPECTION AND SUPERVISION OF food. Four sanitary inspectors are now engaged in the inspection and supervision of food and food premises; three of them on meat inspection and in the taking of samples under the food and Drugs (Adulteration) Act, 1938, and the various Regulations and Orders dealing with food standards, and the fourth in the systematic inspection of food premises. |
7d22e1cb-82c2-4f2c-b0ab-5272ed298c40 | In addition, each district inspector exercises a general supervision over all food exposed for sale in the market place and in all food premises in his own district. Milk Supply.—The Borough Council is required to keep registers of all persons carrying on in the Borough the trade of cowkeeper, dairyman, or purveyor of milk. The register of retail purveyors of milk must be kept separate from the other. All dairies have to be registered also. Information on these matters is set out below in tabular form. TABLE No. 60. No. Cowkeepers 2 Cowsheds 5 Dairies 63 Dairymen with premises in the Borough 39 Dairymen with premises outside the Borough 33 Purveyors of milk in sealed bottles 179 The number of inspections of dairy premises was 239, and a high standard of cleanliness in cowsheds and dairies and in other premises where milk is sold has been maintained. |
308567a8-2893-43fc-9973-1c4c4b6c21e2 | At the end of the year the licensed cowsheds in the Borough were as set out in the following Table No. 61. TABLE No. 61. Situation of Cowhouse. No. of Sheds. No. of Cows. Licencee. Avery Hill Farm, Eltham . 3 — W. F. Fisher. Coldharbour Farm, Eltham 2 88 C. U. Fisher. Designated Milks.—Under the Milk (Special Designations) Order, 1936, all licences for designated milks can now be granted by Metropolitan Borough Councils. This order revokes that of 1923 and reduces the number of designated milks to three, namely (a) "Tuberculin Tested," (b) "Accredited," and (c) "Pasteurised." |
bbec31fb-2a01-4226-9168-62d97d6705f1 | Milk may also be sold as " Tuberculin Tested (Pasteurised)," if two licences are 106 granted, and where "Tuberculin Tested" milk has been bottled at the place of pr0duction the word "Certified" may be added. Each licence automatically terminates on the last day of the year in which it is issued. In tabular form is shown below the number of licences so issued during the period:— TABLE No. 62. |
cc5c68f6-493d-470b-8996-01fb33b7b935 | Number of pasteurisers' licences issued 2 Number of dealers' licences issued to use the designation:— (a) "Accredited" — (b) "Tuberculin Tested" 17 (c) "Pasteurised" 32 Number of supplementary licences issued to sell:— (a) "Accredited" milk — (b) "Tuberculin Tested" milk 7 (c) "Pasteurised" milk 7 Bacteriological Examination of Milk.—The number of samples of milk examined bacteriologically during the year was 42. One sample of raw milk was examined for the presence of tubercle bacillus and the remaining 41 were examined in order to ascertain whether they complied with the bacteriological standards laid down for pasteurised milk. Table No. 63 which follows gives details of the examination of these samples of pasteurised milk. TABLE No. 63. Month. Type of Milk. Number of Bacteria per m.l. |
12c14396-9d07-418a-a08d-c8670d101edd | January Pasteurised 61,000 do. 19,000 do. 39,000 do. 39,000 do. 16,730 do. 22,500 do. 107,000 do. 105,000 February Pasteurised 176,000 do. 37,200 do. 104,000 do. 369,000 do. 8,200 do. 23,500 March Pasteurised 101,000 do. 88,000 do. 67,000 do. 98,000 do. 6,500 do. 12,300 May Pasteurised 1,700 do. 2,200 do. 2,800 do. 2,600 do. 12,400 do. 25,600 do. 156,000 107 Month. Type of Milk. Number of Bacteria per m.l. May Pasteurised 216,000 do. 56,000 do. 17,300 do. |
84beaf70-fe62-43f1-932e-69383b0a3bf1 | 19,460 June Pasteurised 41,600 do. 86,000 do. 60,000 do. 39,400 do. 25,200 October Pasteurised 14,200 do. 510,000 do. 11,000 do. 25,500 do. 14,430 It will be noted that in nine instances the prescribed standard was not complied with. Washed bottles were also examined in order to test the degree of sterilisation. The following results, expressed in number of bacteria per millilitre, were obtained:— Sterile, 210, 260, 430, 680, 20, 40, 56, 90, 160, 210, 260, 430, 680. Dried and Condensed Milks.—Eight samples of condensed milk, all genuine, were examined. No samples of dried milk were submitted for analysis. |
dc72e732-f08b-4e71-be31-dde26448c004 | Artificial Cream Act, 1929.—This Act has for its object the regulation of the manufacture and sale of artificial cream. The Council are required to keep a register of all premises (with certain exceptions) where artificial cream is manufactured, sold, exposed, or kept for sale. Two shops where artificial cream is sold have been placed on the register. Meat Supply.—Notice of intention to slaughter any animal must be given to the Council in accordance with the provisions of the Public Health (Meat) Regulations, 1924. No meat marking scheme under Part III of these regulations is in force in the Borough. The following Table No. 64 shows the number of animals slaughtered and inspected in the Borough during the year, and the numbers and percentages condemned on account of tuberculosis and on account of other diseases. In 1937 the number of animals slaughtered was 34,934. 108 TABLE No. 64. Carcases Inspected and Condemned. Cattle, excluding Cows. |
3d86a04d-d808-4919-91ce-bd11836b360d | Cows. Calves. Sheeps and Lambs. Pigs. Number killed (if known) 3,060 15 328 22,969 16,916 Number Inspected 3,060 15 328 22,969 16,916 All diseases except Tuberculosis. Whole carcases condemned — — — 5 17 Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned 352 - 1 282 242 Percentage of the number inspected affected with disease other than tuberculosis 11.5 - 0.3 1.2 1.5 Tuberculosis only. Whole carcases condemned 9 — 1 — 46 Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned 524 — 1 _ 1,173 Percentage of the number inspected affected with tuberculosis 17.4 0.6 — 7.2 109 The figures for each month are shewn in the following Table No. 65. TABLE No. 65. |
698b7cf7-66ec-4bfc-bb52-3614308eedab | Monthly returns of inspections of carcases. Month. Cattle. Sheep and Lambs. Pigs. Calves. Total. January 278 1,377 1,775 - 3,430 February 250 1,100 1,708 - 3,058 March 270 1,044 1,590 - 2,904 April 240 1,315 1,392 1 2,948 May 264 1,700 703 20 2,687 June 210 1,942 155 155 2,462 July 247 1,979 4 122 2,352 August 209 2,575 191 30 3,005 September 260 2,324 1,624 - 4,208 October 250 2,858 2,358 - 5,466 November 288 2,775 2,584 - 5,647 December 309 1. |
97c0ef2a-936c-4d26-8398-7b9813cae7e8 | 980 2,832 — 5,121 3,075 22,969 16,916 328 43,288 Licensing of Slaughtermen.—The Slaughter of Animals Act, 1933, requires that all slaughtermen shall be licensed. During the year three new licences were issued and 18 were renewed. Slaughterhouses.—There is no public slaughterhouse in the Borough. Slaughterhouses are subject to annual licence and in Table No. 66 which follows, are shown those licences in force at the end of the year. TABLE No. 66. Situation of Slaughterhouse. Owner. Clothworkers' Wood, Woodlands Farm Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society, Ltd. 14, Church Street Westhorp and Bartlett. 33, Herbert Road Anderson, F. 38, Plumstead Common Road Reed, A. J. |
e0bbc72a-4754-4a6d-abf7-ab059796bf88 | 110 Registered Premises.—The Public Health (London) Act, 1936, requires the registration of premises used for the following purposes:— (a) The sale, manufacture or storage of ice cream or similar comm0dity; (b) The manufacture of sausages; (c) The preparation or manufacture of potted, pressed, pickled or preserved meat, fish or other food. |
2fc6747e-5d5a-47e3-a2dd-d45697bf36b2 | The register of such premises is kept in five parts, and the numbers in each part at the end of the year were as set out below:— (а) Sale, manufacture or storage of Ice Cream 278 (b) Manufacture of Sausages 96 (c) Preparation or manufacture of Potted, Pressed, Pickled or Preserved Meat 144 (d) Preparation or manufacture of Potted, Pressed, Pickled or Preserved Fish 50 (e) Preparation or manufacture of Potted, Pressed, Pickled or preserved other foods 4 The total number of inspections made was 740, and the number of notices served was 19. Other food Premises—As a matter of routine the food inspector made 443 visits to other food premises, including eating houses, coffee stalls, and restaurants, and immediate action was taken in regard to any insanitary condition found. In addition, 1,591 visits were made to shops and to stalls in the markets. |
7f4551b1-1f62-4672-b379-c0307c0c9736 | Bakehouses.—There were, at the end of the year, 34 bakehouses in the Borough of which 33 were factory and 7 underground. The inspections numbered 95 and 5 notices were served. The conditions on the whole were satisfactory. Section 54 of the Factories Act, 1937, provides:— (1) That a basement bakehouse shall not be used as a bakehouse unless it was so used at the date of the passing of this Act and a certificate of suitability had been issued by the district council under an enactment repealed by this Act in respect thereof, and any basement bakehouse which, for a period exceeding twelve months, is not used as a bakehouse shall not be so used again. (2) It shall be the duty of every district council to carry out, in the year beginning at the date of the commencement of this Act and in every fifth succeeding year after that year, an examination of every basement bakehouse in respect of which a certificate of suitability has been issued, |
b1442fa5-2fa8-4fe9-b56c-94f18720d526 | and— (a) if as the result of the examination the Council are not satisfied that the bakehouse is suitable for use as such as regards construction, height, light, ventilation and any hygienic respect, they shall give notice in writing that the certificate shall cease to have effect after the expiration of such period, 111 being not less than one month, as may be specified in the notice, and the basement bakehouse shall not be used as a bakehouse after the expiration of that period; or (6) if the Council are satisfied that the bakehouse is suitable as regards the matters aforesaid, they shall give notice in writing that the certificate shall continue to operate so long as the bakehouse may otherwise lawfully be used, but without prejudice to the power of the Council to revoke the certificate as the result of a subsequent examination under this sub-section. Special inspections of basement bakehouses were carried out during the year and all the necessary alterations were carried out. |
80c74d14-7f17-4966-accf-11153899decb | The Town Clerk was authorised to give the necessary notice in writing to the occupiers of the following premises set out below:— Premises. Occupier. 15, New Road, S.E. 18 A. Walkling, Ltd., 101-107, Chats- worth Road, E. 5. 24, St. James' Place, S.E. 18 J. A. Miles, 24, St. James' Place, S.E.18. 10, Woolwich Church Street, W. E. and E. A. Clothier, 10, Woolwich S.E. 18 Church Street, S.E. 18. 31, Eton Road, S.E. 18 A. Walkling, Ltd., 101-107, Chatsworth Road, E. 5. 38-40, Frances Street, S.E. 18 J. Rickman, 38-40, Frances Street, S.E. 18. |
52c5a133-9951-4a0a-a0b7-68075fbae48d | 1, Waverley Road, S.E. 18 A. Werner, 1, Waverley Road, S.E. 18. 46, Hudson Road, S.E. 18 H. G. Meckiff, 46, Hudson Road, S.E. 18. The numbers of inspections made in respect of all food premises, other than those referred to above as registered premises, are shown in the following Table:— TABLE No. 67. Inspection of food Premises. Premises. On Register 31st December Number of Legal Proceedings. Inspections. Notices. |
2a7e5450-682f-4763-b8fb-920bdd4195cb | Bakehouses 34 95 5 — Cowsheds 5 30 — — Dairies 63 239 3 — Slaughterhouses 4 16 — — Premises where food is prepared (other than above) 198 443 — — Shops and Markets — 1,591 — — 112 Unsound food.—Included in the food surrendered were: 3 tons, 4 cwts., Beef: 1 ton, 10 cwt., Pork; 4 cwts., Mutton; 54 lbs., Veal; 16 lbs., Ham; 84 lbs. Fish; 10 cwts. Rabbits; 1 ton, 6 cwts., Ox Heads; 2 tons 3 cwts., Pigs Heads; 5 tons, 14 cwts., Ox Offal; 1 ton, 16 cwts., Pig Offal; 6 cwts., Sheep Offal. There was one seizure—a small quantity of sweets. No proceedings followed. |
8f1de9d9-639c-4f6b-abfa-992510d43982 | Merchandise Marks Act, 1926.—Under the provisions of Section 9 of the above Act, food and Drug Authorities have power to execute any of the provisions of the Act, other than those relating to importation, in respect of food stuffs which are subject to an Order in Council made under the Act. The Orders which so far have been made are as follows:— The Merchandise Marks (Imported Goods) Honey; Apples. No. 3 Order, 1928. The Merchandise Marks (Imported Goods) Currants; Sultanas and Raisins; No. 5 Order, 1928. Eggs in Shell; Dried Eggs; Oat Pr0ducts. The Merchandise Marks (Imported Goods) Raw Tomatoes. No. 4 Order, 1929. The Merchandise Marks (Imported Goods) Malt Pr0ducts. No. 5 Order, 1930. |
09b163a9-34d4-4aa5-a295-e61adf614e66 | The Merchandise Marks (Imported Goods) Frozen or Chilled Salmon or No. 8 Order, 1931. Sea Trout. The Merchandise Marks (Imported Goods) Butter. No. 1 Order, 1932. The Merchandise Marks (Imported Goods) Bacon and Ham. No. 3 Order, 1934. The Merchandise Marks (Imported Goods) Dead Poultry. No. 5 Order, 1934. The Merchandise Marks (Goods Imported) Meat. No. 7 Order, 1934. The Merchandise Marks (Imported Goods) Meat. Amendment Order, 1936. These Orders prohibit the sale, or exposure for sale, respectively, in the United Kingdom, of the pr0ducts mentioned above, unless the Goods bear an indication of the country of origin. |
89c8321a-b934-4c41-96d3-0c88807285c7 | The term "sale" includes sale, wholesale, or sale by retail; and exposure for sale includes exposure for sale, wholesale, and exposure for sale by retail. As a general rule imported pr0duce does not require marking when sold in quantities not exceeding 14 lbs. in weight. Agricultural Pr0duce (Grading and Marking) Acts.—These Acts empower the Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries to make Orders for the grading and marking of agricultural pr0duce. One mark—the National Mark—is used, or will be used, for all graded pr0duce of England and Wales, and by law it conveys a guarantee that the pr0duce is of the grade stated. It is not compulsory for all such foodstuffs to be so marked, but, if marked, they must conform to the standard. 113 In London the local authority is the Metropolitan Borough Council concerned and in Woolwich the Medical Officer of Health, the Chief Sanitary Inspector and three Sanitary Inspectors have been appointed officers under the Act. |
60568974-b05c-456e-b09a-a0069eb2de83 | The following is a list of pr0ducts regarding which Regulations were in force on the 31st December, 1938:— Date of Regulations. Pr0duce. 1929 Potatoes. 1930 Strawberries; Cherries. 1932 Cider. 1933 Gooseberries; Loganberries; Raspberries; Red Currants; Cheshire Cheese; Pears. 1934 Canned Fruits; Honey; Asparagus; Jam; Carrots , Leeks; Radishes; Red Beet; Cabbage Greens and Cabbages; Salad (Spring) Onions; Parsnips; Ripe Onions and Shallots; Watercress; Horseradish; Kidney and Runner Beans; Mushrooms; Forced Rhubarb; Natural Rhubarb; Stilton Cheese; Hot House Grapes. |
f3bb9bab-c12f-404b-b4cb-d4a1ecbef6b8 | 1935 Apples; Glasshouse-grown Tomatoes; Cucumbers; Dressed Poultry; Canned Fruits (Amendment); Bottled Fruits; Bottled Vegetables; Black Currants; Creamery Butter; Vegetables; Perry; Caerphilly Cheese; Cheddar Cheese. 1936 Eggs; Malt Extract and Malt Flour. 1937 Wheat Flour; Eggs (Amendment); Canned tables; Plums; Leicester Cheese; Lancashire Cheese; Wensleydale Cheese; Derby Cheese; Fruit Pr0ducts; Cabbage Greens and Cabbages (Amendment). 1938 Beef; Cauliflower and Broccoli; Cream Cheese. During the year Regulations affecting Beef (1931), Cauliflower and Broccoli (1934) and Cream Cheese (1935) were revoked. No offences were discovered during the year. Sophistication of food.—The following Table No. |
f8310f8d-635c-4a64-b7f0-0a5d7061025e | 68 gives details of the various analyses made under the food and Drugs (Adulteration) Act, Public Health (Condensed Milk) Regulations, Public Health (Dried Milk) Regulations, and the Public Health (Preservatives, etc., in food) Regulations. 114 TABLE No. 68. Article. Formal Samples. Informal Samples. Number Analysed. Number Adulterated. Milk 262 26 288 14 Condensed Milk — 8 8 - Cream — 4 4 - Cream, Canned — 5 5 — Butter — 27 27 — Bread and Butter — 6 6 1 Margarine — 5 5 — Cheese 1 11 12 4 Lard — 9 9 — Lard Substitute — 3 3 — Dripping — 3 3 — Suet — 2 2 — Beef, minced 4 3 7 — Meat, fresh 9 — 9 1 Beef, |
895f2ee5-b1d8-430a-a77a-e965deb5c90a | corned — 1 1 — Meat Pies — 4 4 1 Tripe 3 2 5 — Sausages 23 4 27 — Meat Paste — 3 3 — Sild — 9 9 2 Fish, Canned — 24 24 5 Fish, bottled — 1 1 - Fish Paste — 13 13 - Arrowroot — 3 3 - Barley, pearl — 8 8 — Cornflour — 4 4 - Flour — 4 4 - Ginger, ground — 12 12 1 Ginger, crystallized — 1 1 - Peas, split — 2 2 - Peel, candied 2 2 - 115 TABLE No. 68—continued. Article. Formal Samples. Informal Samples. Number Analysed. Number Adulterated. |
7334c7d2-d647-4a9a-8946-25cea5ef3bed | Sago - 4 4 — Rice - 4 4 — Tapioca - 3 3 — Spaghetti - 1 1 — Tea - 8 8 — Vegetables, canned — 8 8 — Almonds and Ground Almonds — 4 4 — Cherries, Glace — 3 3 — Currants and Raisins — 3 3 — Fruit, dried — 16 16 — Fruit, canned — 24 24 — Pickles — 6 6 — Vinegar — 16 16 1 Spice — 4 4 — Sauce — 6 6 — Mint, |
6f758b67-bf26-44f7-b76c-8479bc252401 | dried — 4 4 — Pepper — 7 7 — Mustard — 2 2 — Salt — 3 3 — Salad Cream and Mayonnaise - 1 1 — Syrup and Treacle — 2 2 — Mincemeat — 5 5 — Jelly — 11 11 — Jam — 20 20 1 Lemon Curd — 5 5 — Honey — 3 3 — Bread — 3 3 — Biscuits — 1 1 Cakes — 9 9 — Soup, canned - 4 4 — Soup, dried 1 1 116 TABLE No. 68—continued. Article. Formal Samples. Informal Samples. Number Analysed. Number Adulterated. |
58c35ffd-462e-4d59-b100-0ba8fef6fb9d | Coffee - 6 6 - Coffee and Chicory — 1 1 - Coffee and Chicory Essence - 2 2 - Cocoa — 5 5 - Sherbet — 1 1 - Mineral Waters - 7 7 - Lemonade — 1 1 - Lemonade, powder and crystals - 5 5 - Sugar — 3 3 - Baking Powder — 3 3 - Custard Powder — 3 3 - Egg Substitute — 3 3 - Sweets — 13 13 - Gelatine — 2 2 - Wine, Alcoholic — 4 4 - Wine, |
5b4646d8-abaf-49e6-8e89-44cf582c08f7 | Non-alcoholic - 4 4 - Ale - 4 4 - Brandy 3 — 3 - Gin 6 - 6 - Rum 6 - 6 - Whisky 9 — 9 - Aspirin Tablets — 5 5 - Boric Ointment — 4 4 - Epsom Salts — 3 3 - Olive Oil — 7 7 - Quinine, Ammoniated Tincture — 3 3 1 Medicine — 1 1 1 Liquorice Powder - 3 3 — I0dine Tincture — 9 9 2 Tartaric Acid - 4 4 — Yellow Mercuric Oxide Ointment 1 — 1 — . 327 506 833 35 117 The public Analyst has furnished the following figures showing the percentage of fat found in each sample of milk submitted for analysis during the last three years:— TABLE No. 69. |
88b57646-5b95-4e40-89e8-e0aa7ee12abe | 1936 1937 1938 4.5 per cent. and over 4 4 9 4 per cent. and under 4.5 per cent. 11 11 9 3.5 per cent. and under 4 per cent. 145 125 90 3 per cent. and under 3.5 per cent. 113 153 173 Below 3 per cent. 4 1 7 277 294 288 Mr. |
513c957a-527e-42a5-a2ec-06e94fa9703d | Amphlett Williams makes the following observations on this analyses during the year:— "Adulterated Samples.—The percentages of samples which were reported as adulterated, not up to standard or improperly labelled, during the last five years are given below:— 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 Percentage adulterated 3.8 6.6 5.2 9.1 4.2 The very high percentage in 1937 was largely influenced by the number of samples of canned sild which were contaminated with tin, 31 samples having been condemned, of which 24 were of one particular brand. In 1938, only 7 samples were condemned on this account and the percentage of other adulterated samples accords closely with the general average of other Metropolitan Boroughs. |
11ae7b1f-6630-4c31-85dc-b489570f011e | Composition of Milks.—The average percentages of fat and of solids-not-fat found in the samples of milk analysed during the past five years are given below; the averages have been calculated for each quarter as well as for the whole year, and thus show the regular seasonable variations in the quality of the milk. All the samples analysed have been included excepting those definitely adulterated, of which particulars will be found elsewhere. Percentage of Fat. Quarter. |
125347fa-a626-4d90-b2a1-cc067f8405cb | 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 January-March 3.52 3.51 3.60 3.56 3.56 April-June 3.41 3.50 3.43 3.41 3.38 July-September 3.53 3.59 3.56 3.45 3.41 October - December 3.69 3.92 3.81 3.76 3.78 Whole Year 3.54 3.59 3.59 3.56 3.54 118 Percentage of Solids-not-Fat. Quarter. |
885f1a3c-207e-4478-8310-901247106ff6 | 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 January-March 8.80 8.85 8.76 8.70 8.72 April-June 8.86 8.85 8.78 8.68 8.73 July-September 8.69 8.67 8.70 8.61 8.63 October - December 8.97 8.86 8.81 8.79 8.76 Whole Year 8.83 8.81 8.77 8.71 8.72 The results are typical of the milk supply in the Metropolitan area and show that a satisfactory standard, considerably above the minimum of the Sale of Milk Regulations, 1901, has been maintained in Woolwich. It will be noticed that the similarity in composition of the milk obtained in corresponding seasons is remarkable. |
d66c09a4-3fa5-4ff3-b043-1eb5d8d4b8e0 | In solids-not-fat, the greatest variation in the five years is 1 per cent; in fat content the variations are greater, and it is probable that weather conditions may have had some effect on these figures. A prolonged dry period adversely affects the available pasture and the low fats of October-December, 1934, July-September, 1937, and April-June, 1938, were found in Quarters where the rainfall was considerably below normal. Similarly, the meteorological records show high rainfalls in April-June, 1935, and OctoberDecember, 1935. It will also be noticed that the fat content regularly rises with the onset of cold, the early winter figures being the highest; probably by design of nature to supply the greater needs of the calf. The very cold months of May in 1935 and January and February in 1936 may thus have influenced the high fats in the Quarterly averages. |
1c3a75d3-4cb6-466e-84ee-85c12a8d13f0 | The freezing point test for added water in milk, the applications of which were explained in the analytical notes in the 1935 Report, was again proved to be of value. A number of samples submitted in the early part of the year showed borderline figures for solids-not-fat, and the milks would have been passed as " possibly genuine " before the adoption of this test; they were found, however, to have freezing points which definitely indicated small amount of added water and they were accordingly reported against. In every instance, the sample was traced back to the same source of supply, a large dairy delivering milk in Woolwich; but on communicating the results of the analyses, the presence of any added water was strenuously denied by the management. The company nevertheless agreed to have check analyses made at various stages in the dairy by an independent firm of analytical chemists, and in some instances quantities of added water up to 15 per cent. |
3c392bb2-e8ec-466a-b117-4b3f53de18e2 | were discovered in these samples; it eventually appeared that water was being intr0duced into the milk at certain times when the supply pipes were rinsed out, through careless handling of the cocks. 119 Samples from this source are now yielding normal freezing points and satisfactory solids-not-fat figures. Hot Milk.—Of 16 samples of hot milk, taken from various cafes in the Borough during the year, 6 were found to be adulterated; two of these samples rank among the worst cases of adulterated milk in recent years; one containing 42 per cent. of added water and the other not being milk, but a fluid prepared from machineskimmed milk powder and water. The latter case was of considerable interest, since as far as I am aware, it is the first time it has been possible to prove conclusively that dried milk had been used instead of fresh milk in a sample of this kind. The percentage of fat was no less than 93 per cent. |
6a6561f2-1369-4063-8d27-00261d2937d1 | deficient, and the specific gravity, freezing point and 5 other constituents were outside the normal range for fresh milk; in addition, certain other impurities, which are known to occur in tap water but not in milk, were found and on determination of the proportion of these in the sample and in a separate sample of water obtained from the supply at the premises where the " milk " was purchased, a close agreement was found, thus confirming the actual amount of tap water added to the dried milk. On being summonsed, the defendant admitted the offence and was fined £1 with £1 1s. 0d. costs. Cheese.—Exception was taken to three samples of cheese which were being sold as "Cheddar Cheese." Cheddar cheese is an old established description of a recognised type of hard cheese made from full-cream milk, and it usually contains from 27 to 34 per cent. of water. The samples submitted contained from 43 to 51 per cent. |
bd51aecb-0c52-4a67-8d02-de5882e35c31 | of water and had been made from partly skimmed milk, with a citrate emulsifier added to hold the extra water and milk sugar to correct the taste, the mixture being wrapped in tin foil and pasteurised. In view of the evident preference for this type of "prepared" cheese, it is doubtful whether the general public realises that owing to the high water content, which may reach 60 or 70 per cent., it has a much lower food value. In my opinion, the sale of such a substance under the famous names of "Cheddar," "Cheshire," " Gruyere," " Gorgonzola," etc., amounts to a gross misrepresentation. In one curious instance, a variation in the quantities of ingredients used in the manufacture of this substance—which was not in this case sold as cheese, but under a fancy name—led to a complaint that it contained broken glass. |
4ce7fb09-9555-4144-bd4a-c2a9a4fd68da | Analysis showed that the small particles found, which certainly resembled glass in their clear, sharp, brittle, tasteless fragments, were actually crystals of hydrated lactose, or milksugar, which presumably had gradually formed as the " cheese " slowly lost water through evaporation. Correspondence with the manufacturers confirmed that an excessive amount of lactose had been used in that particular batch and that the water content had fallen from 55 per cent. to 45 per cent. ] 20 Ground, Ginger.—A sample of ground ginger was found to yield only 8 per cent. of water-soluble extractive and 1.1 per cent. of water-soluble ash compared with average figures of 14 and 2.8 per cent. respectively; these figures are abnormally low and, in the absence of any foreign ingredient, indicated that the ginger had been partly exhausted by water. |
8dcd0fcc-1865-4080-87cf-65f2008073fa | The presumption was therefore raised that the ginger might consist of or might contain waste ginger, as for example, from a ginger ale manufacturer; but in view of some information that certain consignments of ginger from Nigeria had given low figures for water-soluble constituents when imported, enquiries were made by the sampling officer as to the source of this ginger, before considering a prosecution. Eventually, with the help of the London Wholesale Spice and Rice Dealers' Association, the actual importers were traced and it was found that the ginger was originally part of a consignment which had in fact been imported from Nigeria about three years ago. The matter was then taken up with the Colonial Empire Marketing Board and it was found that an extensive investigation was being carried out by the Imperial Institute in collaboration with the Director of Agriculture in Nigeria regarding the causes of this deficiency. |
31d29b5c-9a00-4fd9-b8eb-a609159bf040 | The investigation revealed quite clearly that there was nothing inherently deficient in West African ginger as grown, but that in its preparation for market a practice of prolonging the soaking and bleaching of the rhizomes had grown amongst the natives, in order to meet the demand in the trade for a nearly white ginger. With the cause of the deficiency revealed, active steps could be taken to avoid it and the information that progressive improvements have occurred in the 1937 and 1938 crops compared with those of 1935 and 1936 indicates that the propaganda undertaken by the Department of Agriculture among the growers has taken effect. I am informed that the dealers in this country are now well aware of the position and that a careful watch is being kept on West African supplies; and, with regard to the stocks of deficient ginger already purchased, that as far as practicable these have been withdrawn for re-export or for use where water-soluble constituents are unnecessary. |
fcd96042-5523-4be1-b523-e5c61ccdb6f9 | In these circumstances, and as no question of fraud or injury to health arises, no legal action was recommended in connection with the sample analysed. In the foregoing remarks, much of the information regarding action taken, etc., has been kindly furnished by the Inspectors, and I beg to acknowledge with thanks their general co-operation." 121 Adulterated Samples.—Action Taken.—The following Table No. 70 shows the number of adulterated samples and the action taken in each instance where the sample was formal:— TABLE No. 70. Sample No. Article. Formal or Informal. Result of Analysis. Result of Legal Proceedings or other Action. 24 Milk Formal Contained 1 per cent, of added water. - 68 Milk Formal Contained 3 per cent, of added water. — 87 Cheese, Cheddar Informal Was made from skimmed milk Correspondence with Wholesaler. 108 Milk Formal Contained small proportion of added water. |
2c60aa67-58c1-49ae-ab97-85d5af6e066b | — 181 Strong Tincture of Iodine. Informal Iodine 7 per cent, excess, and Potassium Iodide 10 per cent, excess. — 182 Strong Tincture of Iodine. Informal Iodine 10 per cent, excess, and Potassium Iodide 13 per cent, excess. — 186 Milk Formal Contained 1 per cent, of added water. — 190 Cheese, Cheddar Formal Was made from skimmed milk Correspondence with Wholesaler. 234 Fresh Meat Formal Contained boric acid, 0.042 per cent. 40s. 0d. costs. 244 Cheese, Cheddar Informal Fat deficiency, 41.4 per cent. - 257 Canned Fish, Sild Informal Contained tin, 2.45 grains per lb. Stock surrendered. 289 Canned Fish, Sild Informal Contained tin, 4.13 grains per lb. |
9dccdf3f-ce3a-452a-b8f0-ec5e1174f6fb | Stock surrendered. 291 Canned Fish, Sild Informal Contained tin, 3.64 grains per lb. Stock surrendered. 292 Canned Fish, Sild Informal Contained tin, 2.59 grains per lb. Stock surrendered. 293 Canned Fish, Sild Informal Contained tin, 3.36 grains per lb. Stock surrendered. 300 Milk Formal Contained small proportion of added water. — 303 Quinine, Ammoniated Tincture. Informal 25 per cent, deficient in Ammonia. — 312 Blackcurrant Jam— Full Fruit Standard. Informal Contained not more than 15 per cent, of fruit. — 122 TABLE No. 70—continued. Sample No. Article. Formal or Informal. Result of Analysis. Result of Legal Proceedings or other Action. 316 Milk Formal Contained 1 per cent, of added water. |
a7aa2410-795d-4cd5-8a6d-ea01b23950d9 | - 397 Ground Ginger Informal Soluble constituents about 30 per cent, below normal. Correspondence with Wholesaler. 449 Steak and Kidney Pie. Informal Contained no kidney Correspondence with Wholesaler. 535 English Spirit Vinegar Informal Contained at least 40 per cent. Malt Vinegar. Correspondence with Wholesaler. 592 Milk Formal 4 per cent, deficient in fat — 676 Milk Formal Contained 4 per cent, of added water, and 16 per cent, deficient in fat. Fined 20/-. 708 Medicine Informal 20 per cent, deficient in yellow mercuric oxide. — 738 Canned Fish, Sild Informal Contained tin, 3.36 grains per lb. — 746 Bread, Butter and Cheese. Informal Contained crystals of Lactose Hydrate. |
13d90c63-b265-438d-b6b8-7d4ce6032167 | - 752 Canned Fish, Sild Informal Contained tin, 2.73 grains per lb. — 757 Cheese Informal Contained crystals of Lactose Hydrate. — 779 Milk Formal A liquid in which dried milk had been used. Was 93 per cent, deficient in milk fat. Fine £2 10s. 0d 21/- costs. 784 Milk Formal Contained 1 per cent, added water. — 800 Milk Formal 4 per cent, fat abstracted — 802 Milk Formal 4 per cent, fat abstracted — 807 Milk Formal Contained 42 per cent, added water. Fine £3. 811 Milk Formal 11 per cent, fat abstracted Costs £1. 123 Other Legal Proceedings.—In addition to the legal proceedings included in the above Table, proceedings were instituted against a retail purveyor of milk for filling bottles with milk other than on registered premises. |
95ba33e6-cb33-4c29-90e2-1b9e4462e61d | The case was dismissed, under the Probation of Offenders Act. Nutrition.—Dissemination of knowledge and instruction on matters affecting nutrition is part of the Council's general scheme of health propaganda, q.v. As part of the Council's scheme for Health Propaganda, cookery demonstration classes are held at the Tuberculosis Dispensary for the instruction of the wives and mothers of the tuberculous in the buying and cooking of simple, cheap and nutritious articles of food and the preparation of suitable dishes. This is fully reported on in the section dealing with Health Propaganda. Chemical and Bacteriological Examination of Food.— The Laboratories at which work is carried out, and the nature of the work done is reported on fully in that Section of the Report which deals generally with the provision of health services in the Borough. |
502fbc85-59e7-4f34-89c3-f19c2fe7b7be | Food Poisoning.—The Public Health (London) Act, 1936, requires every medical practitioner in London to notify to the Medical Officer of Health every person whom he suspects or finds to be suffering from food poisoning. In his certificate he must state the name, age and sex of the person, the full postal address, and particulars of the food poisoning from which the person is suffering or suspected to be suffering. The total number of notifications received was 36. The age and sex distribution of the cases notified is shown in the following Table No. 71. TABLE No. 71. Food Poisoning, 1938. Age Periods. Male. Female. Total. |
58255fc0-a51b-4db5-a036-238d4f4be03d | Under 1 — 1 1 1 and under 5 2 1 3 5 and under 10 — 2 2 10 and under 15 - — — 15 and under 20 — 1 1 20 and under 35 5 12 17 35 and under 45 5 3 8 45 and under 65 2 1 3 65 and over 1 — 1 15 21 36 124 The medical practitioner notifying is required to state on his certificate the food he suspects. In 12 instances the food under suspicion was meat ; in 8 instances it was fish ; in 5 instances it was tinned fish ; in 6 instances it was fruit and in 3 instances it was eggs. In 2 instances no particular food was regarded as the cause. Most of the cases were slight in character, but one man, who was admitted to hospital, died. In three instances a bacteriological examination was made. |
8a7aceff-979a-4b99-b4fe-6b1d81b09b2f | In two instances Bacillus Aertrycke was isolated, one of the cases being fatal. The notified food in the fatal case was believed to be duck eggs, but this could not be proved. The third investigation was negative. 125 SECTION IX. MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE. The Council's Maternity and Child Welfare Scheme embraces the following services:— (a) Administration of Part XII of the Public Health (London) Act, 1936. (b) Home visits to mothers and children. (c) Infant Life Protection. (d) Establishment of Welfare Centres. (e) The systematic medical inspection of toddlers at stated ages. (f) Establishment of an Artificial Sunlight Clinic. (g) Establishment of an Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic. (h) Provision of maternity outfits. (i) Payment of compensation to mid wives. (j) Payment of midwives' fees. |
d211f104-1295-4b8c-8ca1-83d3a34954d3 | (k) The services of a Consultant in cases of Puerperal Fever and Puerperal Pyrexia. (l) The services of a Consultant in exceptional cases of obstetric or antenatal abnormality at home. (m) Provision of Home Helps in maternity cases. (n) Boarding-out of children while expectant or nursing mother is in hospital, (o) Payment of expenses of mothers breast-feeding their babies in hospital. (p) An arrangement with the School Medical Treatment Committee for the treatment of minor ailments in young children. (q) An arrangement with the School Medical Treatment Committee for the provision of dental treatment to young children and to expectant and nursing mothers. |
719eb935-3d91-429e-83b2-908df7d3de09 | (r) An arrangement with the Woolwich Invalid Children's Aid Association for orthopaedic treatment for children requiring such treatment, (s) Provision of nursing assistance for young children suffering from Measles, Ophthalmia Neonatorum, Zymotic Enteritis, Whooping Cough, Poliomyelitis, Pneumonia and Influenzal Pneumonia, and for mothers suffering from Puerperal Fever, Puerperal Pyrexia, Pneumonia and Influenzal Pneumonia. (t) Reservation of twelve beds for children under 5 years of age who are suffering from such conditions as are usually treated in a general hospital, at the War Memorial Hospital. (u) Provision of beds for the institutional treatment of midwifery for 144 cases per annum at the British Hospital for Mothers and Babies, and for 66 cases at the War Memorial Hospital. |
54d93287-47e5-4db7-9fea-707fe3b541a7 | (v) Reservation of beds, for ante-natal treatment and emergencies of midwifery, at the War Memorial Hospital, equivalent to 18 weeks' treatment per annum. 126 (w) An arrangement with the Woolwich Invalid Children's Aid Association for the Convalescent Home treatment of children requiring such treatment. (x) Convalescent Home treatment for expectant and nursing mothers. (y) Arrangements for the supply and distribution to young children, expectant and nursing mothers, of milk and food drugs at cost price, half cost or free, according to economic circumstances. (z) In addition to these services the Council have, at the request of the London County Council, undertaken to do such work as is necessary in the case of children under five years of age:— (1) Under the Blind Persons Act, 1920. (2) Under Section 6 of the Widows', Orphans' and Old Age Contributory Pensions Act, 1925. |
0bec4ede-ff59-4ab1-9007-c5f6d7377673 | Staffing.—Three whole-time medical officers are in medical charge of the clinics, each devoting, per week, eight half-days to Maternity and Child Welfare and three half-days to Tuberculosis. Four part-time medical officers are also employed : one on three half-days, one on two half-days and two on one half-day each, three of them for general work and one for the systematic examination of toddlers. Six consultants have been appointed, one for the artificial sunlight clinic, one for consultation in comiection with cases of puerperal sepsis and difficult obstetric conditions occurring at home, three for difficult obstetric conditions occurring at home, and one for the Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic. The dental staff—three dentists and an anaesthetist—are part-time and are appointed by the School Treatment Committee subject to the approval of the Council. |
b9741fd6-cb9a-4f4a-873e-230361d4883a | The health visiting staff now consists of thirteen health visitors ; two of these are part-time sanitary inspectors, and all but one, who is the Artificial Sunlight Clinic Nurse, are Infant Life Protection Visitors. It is the practice of the Council to appoint additional temporary health visitors during epidemics of measles. The London County Council felt that it would be to the advantage of the maternity and child welfare services of London if a closer link could be established between maternity and child welfare clinics and the County Council's general hospitals, and suggested that if medical officers in charge of the maternity and child welfare clinics were permitted to be associated in an honorary capacity with the maternity departments and ante-natal clinics at the County Council's hospitals, it would be to the advantage of the service generally. It was suggested that there should be no fixed visiting days and times for the medical officers in charge, but that they should be at liberty to visit hospitals at any time convenient to them in order to maintain contact with the medical staff of the hospital and especially with patients known to them. |
ae20d78a-fdf2-4381-a333-87cbdd32b431 | The arrangements are, of course, subject to the general supervision of the medical superintendent of the hospital, and in no way affect the responsibility of the Council's medical staff for the treatment of patients. The Borough Council agreed to co-operate in this way and subsequently Dr. Proudfoot and Dr. Saunders-Jacobs were associated in this way at St. Nicholas Hospital and Dr. Smith at Lewisham Hospital. 127 Public Health (London) Act, Part XII.—Every birth occurring in the Borough requires to be notified to the Medical Officer of Health within thirty-six hours of birth and only a very small percentage of births are not notified. As soon as a notification is received, a booklet—Health and Happiness for Baby— dealing with the care and comfort of mothers and infants, is sent by post to every mother. Subsequently, between the tenth and fourteenth day, a visit is paid to the home by the health visitor, who decides on her first visit the necessity for subsequent visits. |
f027e3e6-ed07-418b-8559-12534d413c34 | Children are visited at least once a year until they go to school and special attention is paid at such visits to the toddler to the early recognition of physical defects. The Work of the Health Visitors.—The importance of home visiting and the supervision of the health of the mother and child is now fully recognised and the influence of the health visitor is greater to-day than it has ever been. As an agent for teaching hygiene in the home her work is of enormous importance. The varied nature of the work can be seen from Table No. 72. The number of visits paid by the Council's Health Visitors during the year is summarised in the following Table TABLE No. 72. |
a86aa055-92e5-42c4-be97-742745155933 | Births—First visits 2,096 Births—Revisits 19,069 Infant deaths investigated 21 Still-births investigated 14 Expectant mothers—home visits 1,002 Infectious diseases:— Opthalmia Neonatorum—First visits 29 Opthalmia Neonatorum—Revisits 9 Measles—First visits 2,896 Measles—Revisits 949 Puerperal Fever—First visits 13 Puerperal Fever—Revisits 6 Puerperal Pyrexia— First visits 16 Puerperal Pyrexia— Revisits 8 Zymotic Enteritis—First visits 41 Zymotic Enteritis—Revisits 28 Pneumonia 63 Infant Life Protection 733 Visits unclassified 732 Visits unsuccessful 4,401 32,162 Following their usual practice the Council gave the necessary facilities to two health visitors to attend refresher courses and paid their expenses. |
8016b429-f1ae-4560-9bd0-c9d4900fc816 | 128 Infant Life Protection.—The Council are responsible for Infant Life Protection work and all the Health Visitors have been appointed Infant Life Protection Visitors for their particular districts. When evasion of the law is suspected any necessary investigations are made by one of the male sanitary inspectors. The homes of all new foster mothers are inspected by the district sanitary inspectors, who furnish in each case a sanitary report. At the end of 1937 there were 70 nurse children and 54 foster mothers on the Council's register, and a year later the numbers were 67 and 53. It is the custom to report on all homes where women indicate their desire to become foster mothers and, in addition to the number of foster mothers shown above, another 9 were either temporarily without nurse children or had been noted as suitable persons. These figures do not, however, tell the whole story, as 148 nurse children were added to the register, • and 151 nurse children were removed during the year. The following Table No. |
1449a5c6-43d4-40ba-b232-9a0e97504d73 | 73 shows the ages of the children under supervision on the 31st December, 1938:— TABLE No. 73. Under 1 year. 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 16 9 11 6 4 8 4 4 5 The number of visits paid by Infant Life Protection Visitors was 733. The number of visits made by the male inspector in connection with infringements and kindred matters was 35, while the number of visits paid by the district sanitary inspectors was 21. The number, and nature, of the various legal infringements discovered during the year, were as follows:— TABLE No. 74. Nature of Infringement. No. |
c842e3d2-0ada-48b5-b20d-c9b97e1cb32e | Keeping a nurse child without giving timeous notice 12 Change of address by foster mother without giving timeous notice 1 Infant removed from care of foster mothing without giving timeous notice 1 Keeping nurse children in excess of permitted number 1 Cautionary letters either from the Medical Officer of Health or from the Town Clerk were sent in all cases. There were no prosecutions. In three instances dirty and overcrowded conditions were discovered. In all appropriate action was taken. Nurse children who are kept under unsatisfactory conditions may be removed to a place of safety, but it was not necessary to take this action during the year. 129 All foster mothers are urged to attend the Council's welfare centres with the children under five years of age in their charge, and special care is taken to see that children who are weak and ailing attend. Three nurse children died during the year. The only institution in the Borough holding a certificate of exemption is the Woolwich War Memorial Hospital. |
f1a04b53-a205-4bb2-9286-4dd297ff9794 | The Work of the Welfare Centres.—These are eight in number and are all municipal. Infant Welfare sessions are held at all of them ; ante-natal sessions are held at four—in two instances twice weekly, in one instance thrice weekly, and in one instance once a month. With the inclusion of the fortnightly antenatal sessions at North Woolwich, at the end of the year 75 ante-natal sessions and 26.5 infant consultation and weighing sessions were being held each week. In tabular form below are shown detailed statistics for 1938 and the consolidated statistics for the previous year:— TABLE No. 75. Centre. Number on Roll of Centre. Number of Attendances. Mothers. Children. Mothers. Children. Expectant. Nursing. Expectant. Nursing. |
86a66c9d-d946-4c6a-b7c8-98dda6dbc6f2 | Town Hall 470 200 1,289 1,023 340 9,355 Plumstead 347 370 1,172 914 702 7,835 Eltham 541 188 1,034 1,735 313 7,217 Slade — 136 564 — 193 5,377 New Eltham — 48 561 — 58 6,647 St. Luke's — 60 370 — 61 4,169 North Woolwich 35 20 132 142 29 1,280 Beresford Street 34 80 84 16 99 758 Totals, 1938 1,427 1,102 5,206 3,830 1,795 42,638 Totals, 1937 1,188 1,037 5,074 2,919 1,775 39,383 The next Table No. |
1f7cf458-3d0a-4150-8212-a03a4834bc55 | 76, shows the number of children attending each centre and the number of attendances made by them during the year. It should be noted that children are classified in the table by year of birth, so that the figures cannot be read as under one year, under two years and so on. They illustrate, however, quite definitely the fact that the toddler does not attend such clinics in large numbers, and that as he gets older he attends less. The figures in this table do not include those of the Toddlers Clinics or of the Sunlight Clinic. 130 TABLE No. 76. Children in Attendance at Each Centre. Year of Birth. Town Hall. Beresford St. N. Woolwich. Plumstead. Slade. Eltham. St. Luke's. New Eltham. Totals. |
a796dfff-54bc-4a3b-a5b3-4b40d52bc918 | 1938 395 20 41 395 180 255 104 137 1,527 1937 449 21 48 376 164 293 114 156 1,621 1936 220 16 21 205 94 212 74 109 951 1935 111 15 11 114 58 137 35 76 557 1934 82 9 9 58 46 87 26 51 368 1933 32 3 2 24 22 50 17 32 182 Totals 1,289 84 132 1,172 564 1,034 370 561 5,206 Attendances. Year of Birth. Town Hall. Beresford St. N. Woolwich Plumstead. Slade Eltham St. Luke's New Eltham Totals 1938 3,365 134 246 3, |
dace4a12-03bc-45ae-bcaa-2da40821fc7b | 216 2,046 2,425 1,337 1,810 14,579 1937 4,267 302 819 3,294 2,075 2,816 1,888 2,956 18,417 1936 1,066 126 150 857 707 1,046 577 1,016 5,545 1935 382 145 41 284 318 564 213 559 2,506 1934 201 45 22 123 183 263 95 228 1,160 1933 74 6 2 61 48 103 59 78 431 Totals 9,355 758 1,280 7,835 5,377 7,217 4,169 6,647 42, |
e3c05a58-a9fe-44e5-9b16-41aa5c90b2a6 | 638 Year 1937 8589 735 1109 8750 4307 7057 3065 5771 39,383 Feeding of Infants in Woolwich. —In raid-summer the usual enquiry was made, as in previous years, as to the type of feeding adopted in the case of infants attending the welfare centres. The method used was as follows:— (a) On the card of every child under one year of age attending a welfare centre between the 20th June and the 13th August, was inserted once, and once only, the terms "Breast" or "Breast and Hand," or "Hand Fed." (b) The child's age was taken on the day on which this note was made. (c) At the end of the period the results were summarised for the whole Borough and the appropriate percentage worked out. The results of the enquiry are shown in Table No. 77 on the adjoining page. 131 TABLE No. 77. |
081c46d5-0a32-4f60-adee-c05ad6154a85 | Feeding of Infants attending Welfare Centres—20th June to 13th August, 1938. Method of Feeding. AGE IN MONTHS. Grand Total. 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 Total. 9-10 10-11 11-12 Breast 78 90 60 38 33 43 22 8 8 380 — — — 380 Breast and Hand 5 15 15 8 11 13 8 17 16 108 8 4 1 121 Hand 17 33 39 35 55 44 77 48 73 421 58 85 83 647 100 138 114 81 99 100 107 73 97 909 66 89 84 1,148 PERCENTAGES. |
94725aaa-b393-4879-94a3-fc695090fcfe | Breast 78.0 65.2 52.6 46.9 33.3 43.0 20.6 11.0 8.2 41.8 — — — 33.1 Breast and hand 5.0 10.9 13.2 9.9 11.1 13.0 7.5 23 .3 16.5 11.9 12.1 4.4 1.2 10.5 Hand 17.0 23.9 34.2 43.2 55.6 44.0 71.9 65.7 75.3 46.3 87.9 95.6 98.8 56.4 132 The new Centre at Market Street, Woolwich, to be known as the Woolwich Central Health Centre, was completed during the year and was opened on the 14th January, 1939, by Lord Horder. |
0105fc5c-6e67-458c-8f85-7ff7e2901741 | It replaces the Old Town Hall Infant Welfare Centre and Artificial Sunlight Clinic and the School Treatment Centre at Brewer Street. The following is taken from the Booklet prepared for the opening ceremony : "In 1931 the Woolwich Borough Council opened, at Eltham, the first municipal centre in London which provided accommodation on the same premises for school medical and maternity and child welfare services. A year later the maternity and child welfare centre at Plumstead was enlarged, providing additional accommodation for this purpose and also rooms for the school medical service. Now in the old parish of Woolwich the third combined centre in the Borough has been erected. 133 But the Woolwich centre goes further than its predecessors for in it have been established for the first time clinics for orthopaedic treatment, massage, electrotherapy, and chiropody, in addition to the maternity and child welfare and school medical services. The building is centrally situated, forming one of the group of civic buildings round the Town Hall. |
cf3e9097-a737-4fbd-88d9-68c3f36d4dec | A solid building in keeping with its predecessors, yet thoroughly modern and up-to-date in its planning, it is one which is eminently suitable for the ever-increasing health services of a metropolitan borough. The forecourt, protected by a dwarf wall and iron railings, affords a pleasing approach to its entrances. 134 The corridors lead to the main waiting hall which has two direct entrances near the pram sheds. The upper floor is reached by means of the main staircase from the entrance hall. On the left of the staircase are arranged the school treatment rooms consisting of a minor ailments room, a waiting room, a doctor's room, an eye room, a record room and a clinic room. All these rooms inter-communicate and can be used as waiting, treatment, or consulting rooms, according to the needs of the moment, an arrangement which will make for easy working. |
db143931-54bd-47e3-96bf-1cc0465ade60 | On the right of the staircase are sited the rooms of the foot clinic and of the dental suite in which there are two dental surgeries, a rinsing room and two waiting rooms. Modern equipment is provided in the dental rooms, and in the rinsing room which serves both, a range of specially designed basins at varying heights has been installed. There are two staff rooms, one on each floor. The upper and lower corridors which run round the building give access to all the rooms and to the flat roof court. It will be possible on occasion to use the flat roof as an open air solarium. Two pram sheds have been provided at the rear of the building, one on each side. There is accommodation for the parking of cars on entrance-ways at each side of the building. Underneath these, air raid shelters, entered from the pram sheds, are provided in the form of two 3 ft. 6 ins. wide trenches, constructed of re-inforced concrete." |
93a8d562-72c9-4f4e-9752-5cff5451eaaf | Toddlers Clinics.-—Toddlers clinics have been a well-established part of the Council's health services for many years and there is certainly no occasion in Woolwich for the often heard complaint of the neglect of the child between the ages of two and five. Two sessions a week are held at each of the Council's main centres and frequent sessions at New Eltham, The Slade and North Woolwich. Examinations are made in the birthday months. The number of annual inspections made during the year was 1920, an increase of 300 upon the number made during the previous year, which perhaps justifies one in hoping that, ultimately, the large majority of Woolwich mothers will take advantage of this service. The findings at these examinations are summarised in the following Table No. 78. They do not differ materially from those of previous years. Dental caries remain the most prevalent serious defect found and the defect for which it is most difficult to persuade the mothers to accept the treatment offered. |
fbbbb3cd-fc62-4307-bf97-3c87d80dd05e | 135 It is planned round, a central court. In front and at the sides it is of two storeys, but at the rear, where a lofty main waiting hall is provided, it is but one storey high ; use has been made of these features to provide a pleasant roof court approached by short staircases from the upper corridors. The central court is paved with York stone laid in random fashion and an ornamental pond has been provided. The Centre is soundly constructed of stock brickwork, the front and end elevations being faced with hand-made, sand-faced, red facing bricks, relieved with stone dressings. The main roof is of timber-framed construction covered with red sand-faced cross-cambered concrete tiles. The flat roof over the main hall is covered with "Paropa" patent roofing. The first floor, staircases, and flat roof are of fireproof construction, consisting of hollow tile and reinforced concrete. |
95ca5e4b-65d4-4b02-a238-24475e1a3717 | The floors with the exception of the entrance hall, stairs and lavatories, are covered with ¼-inch rubber flooring. In planning the building care has been taken to ensure that every room and every passageway is not only well lighted and ventilated, but also easily cleaned. The windows are of the hospital type and consist of metal casements in hardwood frames, and cross ventilation is provided to every room. The building is lighted by electricity with the most modern type of fittings and the heating is provided by electric vapour radiators; hot water is supplied by electric unit water heaters. The sanitary fittings are of white glazed fireclay of British manufacture, and the accessories are of white metal. An internal telephone system has been installed. The estimated cost of the Centre, which has been erected by direct labour under Mr. H. W. Tee, the Borough Engineer and Architect, is £18,066. |
8550d01a-b793-4550-a6db-5b8f6eb4c157 | The building has been designed to provide (a) a maternity and child welfare section, (b) an orthopaedic clinic, a massage clinic and an electro-therapy clinic, (c) a school clinic, (d) a dental clinic and (e) a foot clinic. On the ground floor are the maternity and child welfare rooms and the orthopaedic, massage, and electro-therapy clinics. The maternity and child welfare rooms, comprising a weighing room, an ante-room, a doctor's room, an ante-natal room, and a dispensary with serving hatch to the main hall, are arranged on the left of the main entrance. The ante-natal room contains individual dressing cubicles which add very considerably to the comfort and privacy of the mothers. Opening from this room is a test room and lavatory. The special treatment rooms, five in number—an orthopaedic room, two for electro-therapy and massage, one dressing room and one bathroom—are on the right of the entrance. |
84a58e66-5025-4104-9613-e18e6e134184 | It has been necessary to construct a Faraday cage in the walls, ceiling and floor of one of these rooms in order to prevent intereference with television and wireless sets in the neighbourhood through the use of short wave machines. 136 TABLE No. 78. Medical Inspection of Toddlers, 1938. Disease, Defect or Condition. BOYS. Age last Birthday. GIRLS. Age last Birthday. 2 3 4 2 3 4 Total. Total Children Examined 404 295 262 413 291 255 1,920 Nutrition— (a) Excellent 274 185 100 305 170 128 1, |
22726f5d-9ad9-4ada-bedb-9cd782160a8d | 162 (6) Normal 117 94 122 105 101 101 640 (c) Sub-normal 13 16 40 3 20 25 117 (d) Bad — - - - - 1 1 Muscular Tone (a) Excellent 231 225 186 263 201 202 1,308 (6) Good 164 64 76 143 87 50 584 (c) Poor 9 6 - 7 3 3 28 Clothing and Footgear— (a) Good 380 278 252 388 276 248 1,822 (b) Fair 24 17 10 25 15 7 98 Cleanliness— (a) Excellent 366 274 241 384 271 249 1,785 (b) Fair 38 21 21 28 20 6 134 (c) Dirty — - — 1 — — 1 Heart and Circulation— (a) " |
c73ddcf8-2339-40a6-ac30-c7b885f5cb30 | Functional " Conditions 69 51 45 55 82 52 354 (b) Organic and Congenital Heart Disease 1 2 - - 2 1 6 Anaemia 59 40 38 68 35 31 271 Respiratory System— Bronchitis 3 8 8 1 15 6 41 Asthma - 1 2 - — 1 4 Nervous System— Behaviour Symptoms 69 54 41 84 51 29 328 Minor Retardation 39 7 3 25 6 5 85 Organic Nervous Disease — 1 - - 1 2 4 Mental Deficiency 3 2 1 1 - — 7 Alimentary System— Worms 3 3 2 5 4 4 21 Acidosis Attacks - - 1 2 - 1 4 Gastritis, Enteritis, etc. |
2f3d6a05-da93-46ce-99f5-e9c093f7ee7f | 1 1 2 1 - — 5 Constipation 4 4 1 4 2 3 18 Genito-Urinary System— Enuresis and Frequency 18 25 7 14 18 12 94 Other Conditions 16 13 1 1 — — 31 Skin Conditions— Infective Skin Conditions 16 4 10 6 4 7 47 Urticaria, Eczema, etc 21 12 5 38 16 6 98 Ichthyosis — 1 1 - 2 — 4 137 Medical Inspection of Toddlers, 1938—continued. Disease, Defect or Condition. BOYS. Age last Birthday. GIRLS. |
1b639a95-0b16-4efd-b941-2baf6bc3af0d | Age last Birthday 2 3 4 2 3 4 Total Eye Defects and Infections— Slight Squint 7 2 2 4 6 8 29 Blepharitis 1 4 — 5 4 4 18 Conjunctivitis — 3 3 1 1 1 9 Ear Conditions— Otorrhoea, etc. 4 7 2 4 8 6 31 Teeth— Caries 21 85 133 26 92 117 474 Extractions or Fillings 3 14 54 1 15 50 137 Hypoplasia 14 4 1 4 2 — 25 Malocclusion 25 14 5 31 1 7 83 Dental Abscess — — 2 1 — — 3 Rickets— (Cases clinically considered as showing definite evidence of Rachitis) 68 32 15 44 22 6 187 Nose |
ce99db04-c97a-4ca5-85f6-2188c11d6d25 | and Throat— Enlarged Tonsils 67 40 41 56 49 47 300 Enlarged Tonsils and Adenoids Adenoids Enlarged Glands— Tonsillar 44 39 52 34 32 41 242 Posterior Cervical 12 12 22 12 9 14 81 Others 1 — 1 — — — 2 Other Diseases and Defects Rheumatism 2 3 3 1 5 5 19 Jaundice - — — — 1 — 1 Fractured Tuberculous Ankle 1 — — — 1 Abscess — — — — 1 — 1 Developmental Conditions— Umbilical and Inguinal Hernia 4 1 2 4 3 1 15 Naevus 4 1 1 5 4 2 17 Other conditions — 1 1 1 — — 3 Artificial Sunlight Clinic. |
a12928db-ecf4-4b25-8fa0-e2b8f8abeafe | — An artificial sunlight clinic is held in part of the Town Hall Infant Welfare Centre. The total number of patients treated during the year, including 161 whose course of treatment was not completed at the end of 1937, was 686. The total number of treatments given was 13,109, of these 10,354 were by carbon arc, 1,774 by mercury vapour lamp, 731 by radiant heat lamp, and 250 by infra-red lamp. The clinic is open every morning and on four afternoons each week. Treatment is by appointment only and no charge is made. Patients as a rule attend twice a week. An assistant medical officer attends on two half-days each week. The 138 clinic is under the medical supervision of Dr. J. E. A. Lynham, who has furnished the following report on the year's work:— "There has been a striking increase in the number of children attending the Sunlight Clinic during the past year. |
cd77a065-b810-4662-b22c-0c4f359621a6 | It is noteworthy that this increase has been mainly in the group "Debility and Malnutrition" and it is becoming accepted that these children derive great benefit from artificial sunlight. The number of cases of rickets is considerably reduced, whilst the proportion of those cured or improved has relatively increased. The totals in other groups do not show much alteration, but the total number of cases improved has gone up considerably. On the whole, attendances have been more regular, but the percentage who ceased attending remains about the same. The infra-red lamp proved valuable in cases with painful joints. It is anticipated that, with the improved facilities in the new Clinic, much better results will be achieved." Mothers living in Eltham find it difficult to attend regularly at the clinic with their children and to keep up attendance for the time considered necessary by the medical officers. From them a course of treatment demands much time in travelling and consequential expense. In the Sherard Road Health Centre at Eltham a sunlight treatment clinic is to be provided. |