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1933 Adams, Miss W. Cert. General Hospital Training; C.M.B.; Health Visitors' Cert; Diploma in Nursing, University of London.; Cert. San. Insp., Exam. Joint Board. Health Visitor. 1934 Little, Miss E. Cert. General Hospital Training; Cert. Fever Training; C.M.B.; Tuberculosis Cert.; Health Visitors' Cert. Health Visitor. (1935). 1937 Phebey, Miss W. A. Cert. General Hospital Training; C.M.B.; Health Visitors' Cert. Health Visitor. 1938 Berry, Miss L. Cert. General Hospital Training; C.M.B.; Health Visitors' Cert. Health Visitor. 31 TABLE No. 21—continued. Year appointed. Name. Qualifications. Appointment. 1938 Day, Miss G. B. Cert. General Hospital Training; C.M.B. ; Health Visitors' Cert.
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Health Visitor. 1921 Castledine, Mrs. L. Cert. General Hospital Training Tuberculosis Visitor. 1921 Mahony, Miss N. Cert. General Hospital Training; Health Visitors' Cert. Tuberculosis Visitor. 1935 Plummer, Miss E. M. Cert. General Hospital Training; C.M.B.; Cert. Fever Training; Health Visitors' Cert. Tuberculosis Visitor. 1923 Smith, Mrs. M. Dispensing Certificate Dispenser and Secretary of Care Committee. Clerks: 1901 Smith, H. S Chief Clerk. 1906 Collyer, H. M. Committee Clerk. 1913 Prescott, T. H. Clerk, Grade C. 1920 Taylor, S. G. Vaccination Officer and Clerk, Grade 1920 Pike, L. J. Clerk, Grade B. 1920 Stephenson, Miss D. Maternity and Child Welfare Clerk. 1922 Edwards, Mrs.
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N. Maternity and Child Welfare Clerk. 1930 Crawford, Miss I. Clerk, Grade A. 1931 Alien, L. Clerk, Grade A. 1933 Bis well, Miss V. Tuberculosis Clerk. 1933 Bryant, Miss A. Clerk, Grade A. 1934 Goad, A. Clerk, Grade A. 1935 Grant, Miss I. Clerk, Grade A. 1936 Walters, Miss J. Clerk, Grade A. 1937 Lewington, J. W. Clerk, Grade A. 1938 Clifton, Miss M. W Clerk, Grade A. The Medical Officer of Health is Administrative Tuberculosis Officer and Executive Officer under the Council's Maternity and Child Welfare Scheme. 32 ii. Clinics and Treatment Centres. In tabular form is shown below a list of clinics and treatment centres in the Borough:— TABLE No. 22. Clinics and Treatment Centres. Situation. Nature of Accommodation.
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By Whom Provided. Sessions Weekly. Maternity and Child Welfare Centres. Old Town Hall, Woolwich Doctor's Room, Weighing Rooms, Waiting Rooms, etc. Woolwich Borough Council. 9 236, Plumstead High Street Doctor's Room, Ante-Natal Room, Ante-room, Weighing Room, Waiting Room, Dental Rooms. do. 8 Westhorne Avenue, Eltham Doctor's Room, Ante-Natal Room, Ante-room, Weighing Room, Waiting Room, Lecture Hall, Dental Rooms. do. 7 Elizabeth Street, North Woolwich Doctor's Room, Weighing Room do. 2* Wesley Hall, Timbercroft Lane, Plumstead. do. do. do. 2 All Saints' Church Hall, New Eltham. do. do. do. 3 Holy Trinity Church Hall, Beresford Street, Woolwich. do. do. do. 1 St.
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Luke's Hall, Westmount Road, Eltham. do. do. do. 2 Sunlight Clinic. Old Town Hall, Woolwich Treatment and Waiting Rooms, etc. do. 10 Day Nurseries. Nil. School Clinics. Brewer Street, Woolwich Doctors' Rooms, Treatment Rooms, Waiting Rooms. Local Medical Association. Daily 236, Plumstead High Street, Plumstead. Doctor's Room, Treatment Room, Waiting Rooms, Dental Rooms. do. Daily Westhorne Avenue, Eltham Doctor's Room, Dental Rooms, Waiting Room, Treatment Rooms. do. Daily * An Ante-Natal Clinic is held here once fortnightly. 33 TABLE No. 22—continued. Situation. Nature of Accommodation By Whom Provided. Sessions Weekly. Cyril Henry Treatment Centre, St.
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Mary's Street, Woolwich, Accommodation for operating on, and detention of, cases of enlarged tonsils and adenoids London County Council Daily Borough Disinfecting Station, Whitehart Road, Plumstead. Accommodation for cleansing verminous children. Woolwich Borough Council Daily Tuberculosis Dispensaries. Maxey Road, Plumstead Doctor's Rooms, Waiting Rooms, Dressing Rooms, Dispensary, etc. do. Daily 11, Carnecke Gardens Doctor's Room, Waiting Room etc. do. 3 Venereal Diseases. Nil. Orthopaedic Clinics. 8, Thomas Street, Woolwich* Clinic, Waiting Room, Dressing Room Woolwich Invalid Children's Aid Association Daily *By arrangement with the Council two treatment sessions are held weekly in rooms at Eltham Health Centre.
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The building of a new Health Centre in Market Street, to replace the infant welfare centre and sunlight clinic at the Old Town Hall and the School Treatment Centre in Brewer Street, was almost completed by the end of the year. On the ground floor there have been provided a large waiting hall, a set of maternity and child welfare rooms, a clinic for physical medicine and a staff room"; and on the upper floor a dental suite, minor ailment treatment rooms, special treatment rooms, a foot clinic, and waiting and staff rooms. A description of the Centre appears in the Maternity and Child Welfare Section of this Report. iii Institutional Provision for Mothers or Children. There are no special provisions for the institutional treatment of unmarried mothers, illegitimate infants or homeless children in the Borough, but in February 1934, the Council agreed to make a grant towards the cost of maintenance of Woolwich cases admitted to Stretton House Home, Grove Park, a home maintained by the Southwark Diocesan Preventive and Rescue Work Organisation for unmarried mothers.
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No grant, however, has yet been made. 34 iv. Ambulance Facilities. (a) Accidents and Sudden Illness.—The London County Council provide ambulances free of charges within the County of London for the conveyance of persons meeting with accidents or sudden illness in streets or public places. The ambulance may be called by private, public or police telephone. Full instructions are given in every telephone box. Where the dialling system is in operation, it is necessary to dial 999 and ask the operator for "Ambulance." No charge is made for the use of the telephone if the call is made from a public box. (b) Maternity Cases.—Maternity cases can be removed to hospital by ambulance if an ambulance card is obtained from the hospital when the bed is booked. Urgent cases, whether previously arranged for or not, can be removed when accompanied by a doctor or a nurse. Telephone No. Waterloo 6000.
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No charge is made for the ambulance, but the telephone call must be paid for. (c) Removal of Sick Persons.—The London County Council will arrange for the removal of sick persons by ambulance to hospitals or any place within the County of London. No charge is made for the removal of cases of infectious disease to the London County Council hospitals. Non-infectious cases removed to the London County Council hospitals are subject to assessment. Otherwise the standard charge is 12s. 6d. Full particulars and arrangements for removal can be obtained by telephoning Waterloo 3311, or writing to the Medical Officer of Health, London Ambulance Service, London County Council, The County Hall, S.E. 1. v. Professional Nursing in the Home. During the year, nursing assistance was available in all parts of the Borough. Such assistance is provided by six Nursing Associations, as follows:— Woolwich and Plumstead District Nursing Association. Silvertown and North Woolwich District Nursing Association.
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Eltham Provident Nursing Association. New Eltham District Nursing Association. Horn Park District Nursing Association. Mottingham District Nursing Association. All these Associations insist that the patient shall be under the care of a medical practitioner, and, in ordinary circumstances, only nurse non-infectious cases. On the recommendation of the Medical Officer of Health, however, they provide nursing assistance for cases of measles, whooping cough, zymotic enteritis, ophthalmia neonatorum, pneumonia, anterior poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, puerperal fever and puerperal pyrexia. For nursing assistance, the Borough Council pay, in necessitous cases, in accordance with the following schedule:— 35 Disease. Rate of Payment. Measles Ophthalmia Neonatorum 1s. 0d. per visit for one case; 6d.
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per visit, Zymotic Enteritis per case, for more than one case in the Whooping Cough house at the same time. Poliomyelitis Acute Primary Pneumonia Influenzal Pneumonia Puerperal Fever 1s. 3d. per visit. Puerperal Pyrexia Tuberculosis An additional grant is made yearly in respect of the nursing treatment of children suffering from threadworms. vi. Midwifery and Maternity Services. There are no whole-time midwives employed by the Council. By the courtesy of the County Medical Officer of Health I have been able to ascertain that 55 midwives residing in the Borough gave notice during the year of their intention to practise. The services of a Consultant Surgeon are available for cases of obstetric emergencies and difficulties occurring at home, and for consultation and treatment in cases of puerperal fever or puerperal pyrexia.
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Arrangements have also been made for the home nursing of such cases and for such bacteriological investigations as are necessary. Maternity in-patients beds are provided in: (a) The British Hospital for Mothers and Babies; (6) The War Memorial Hospital; (c) The Eltham Cottage Hospital; (d) The Military Families Hospital; (e) St. Nicholas Hospital (London County Council); and (/) a few in midwives' homes. A District midwifery service is maintained by the British Hospital for Mothers and Babies in the district adjacent to the Hospital. The Council's Maternity Services are fully described in the Maternity and Child Welfare Section of the report. The County Council's scheme of Salaried Midwives came into operation on 1st January, 1938. vii. Health Visiting. The arrangements made for the visiting of children between the ages of one and five years are described in the Maternity and Child Welfare Section. 36 viii.
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Infant Life Protection. A note on the administration of this service will be found in the Maternity and Child Welfare Section of the report. ix. Hospitals. The Medical Officer of Health is asked to report under this heading on the hospitals belonging to the local authority and hospitals with which the local authority have made arrangements for the admission of patients. There are no hospitals belonging to this local authority, but arrangements for the admission of patients have been made with two local hospitals :— (a) War Memorial Hospital. (b) British Hospital for Mothers and Babies. The Council's arrangements with these hospitals were fully reported on in the Annual Report for 1930, but it may be convenient to refer to them briefly here:— At the War Memorial Hospital the Council reserve twelve beds for children under five years, and sufficient accommodation as may be necessary for 66 maternity cases per annum. In addition the Hospital authorities are under contract to provide emergency treatment as occasion arises for such cases of midwifery as require it.
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At the British Hospital for Mothers and Babies, such accommodation as may be necessary for 144 confinements per annum, and for their ante-natal treatment, is reserved for cases sent by the Borough Council. x. Orthopaedic Treatment. Arrangements for the orthopaedic treatment of children under five years of age were made with the local branch of the Invalid Children's Aid Association in 1925. This body has for many years maintained a remedial clinic in Thomas Street where all children requiring such treatment may be sent. The London County Council make an annual grant in respect of children over five years of age. In the Maternity and Child Welfare Section of the Report there is an account of the year's working so far as children under five are concerned. xi. Dental Treatment. The Council's arrangements for dental treatment are described partly in the Maternity and Child Welfare section of this report and partly in that portion which deals with Tuberculosis. 37 xii.
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Adoptive Acts, By-Laws and Regulations Relating to Public Health in Force in the District. Adoptive Acts.—The Small Dwellings Acquisition Acts, 1899-1923, have been adopted by the Council. During the year, the Borough Treasurer tells me, the Council made 104 advances to purchasers of houses in accordance with the provisions of these Acts. By-Laws and Regulations.—A complete list of the various By-laws and Regulations in force in the Borough was given in the Annual Report for 1934. One additional one, dealing with the fouling of public footways by dogs, came into force during 1935. xiii. Laboratory Facilities. The bacteriological work of the Council rendered necessary by investigations into infectious diseases, food poisoning, etc., is carried out at the Woolwich War Memorial Hospital. The bacteriological examination of milk samples is carried out partly at the Woolwich War Memorial Hospital and partly at the Clinical Research Laboratory.
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A minimum of 800 samples is purchased annually in accordance with the provisions of the Food and Drugs (Adulteration) Act, 1928, and the various Regulations and Orders in which are laid down standards for food. They are submitted for chemical analysis to the Public Analyst whose Laboratory is situated at 1, Southwark Street, London, S.E. 1. xiv. Vaccination. I submit a return by the Vaccination Officer on the work carried out under the Vaccination Acts for the year 1937. TABLE No. 23. RETURN to be made on or before 14th February, 1939, by Mr. S. G. Taylor, Vaccination Officer of all Sub-Districts of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich Registration District, respecting the Vaccination of Children whose Births were registered from 1st January, to 31st December, 1937, inclusive :— Registration Sub-Districts comprised in Vaccination Officer's District. 1.
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Number of Births returned in the "Birth List Sheets" as registered from 1st January to 31st December, 1937. 2. Number of these Births duly entered by 31st January, 1939, in Columns I., II., IV., and V. of the "Vaccination Register" (Birth List Sheets), viz.:— Col. I. Successfully Vaccinated. 3. Col. II. Col. IV. Number in respect of whom Statutory Declaration of Conscientious Objection has been received. 6. Col. V. Died Unvaceinated. 7. Insusceptible of Vaccination. 4. Had Small Pox. 5. 1. Plumstead 663 271 - - 291 31 2. Woolwich † 1299 600 4 - 548 33 3.
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Eitham 450 207 5 - 184 18 Total 2412 1078 9 - 1023 82 38 TABLE No. 23—continued. Number of these Births which on 31st January, 1939, remained unentered in the "Vaccination Register" on account (as shown by " Report Book ") of :— Number of these Births remaining on 31st January, 1939, neither duly entered in the "Vaccination Register" (Columns 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of this Return) nor temporarily accounted for in the "Report Book" (Columns 8, 9 and 10 of this Return). 11. *Total Number of Certificates of Successful Primary Vaccination of Children under 14 received during the Calendar Year 1938. 12.
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Number of Statutory Declarations of Conscientious Objection actually received by the Vaccination officer irrespective of the dates of birth of the children to which they relate, during the Calendar Year 1938. 13. Postponement by Medical Certificate. 8. Removal to Districts the Vaccination Officers of which have been duly apprised. 9. Removal to places unknown or which cannot be reached; and cases not having been found. 10. 15 12 34 9 These figures are to be obtained from colum ns 2 and 6 of the Summar y (Form N.) 18 54 36 6 7 14 10 5 40 80 80 20 1165 953 Notes on Table No. 23. NOTE.—(a) The total of the figures in columns 3 to 11 should agree with the figures in column 2.
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Any cases of children successfully vaccinated after the declaration of conscientious objection had been made should be included in column 6 above and not in column 3. The number of such cases should be inserted here:—nil. (6) The figures in columns 2 to 11 should not include re-registered births or cases of children born in other districts. *The total in this column should be the number of Certificates of successful primary vaccination of children under 14, actually received during the year, including any relating to births registered in previous years. The total thus given should include the Certificates of successful primary vaccination of which copies have been sent to the Vaccination Officers of other Districts. The total number of Certificates for the year 1937 sent to other Vaccination Officers should be stated here:—161. •(•Includes the Burrage and Herbert Wards in Plumstead Parish. (Signature) S. G. TAYLOR, Vaccination Officer.
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Date—13th February, 1939. During the year ended 30th September, 1938, the number of persons successfully vaccinated or re-vaccinated at the cost of the rates was 1,136. This figure includes 687 primary vaccinations of persons under one year of age, 193 over one year of age, and 256 re-vaccinations, 39 xv. Supply of Insulin to Persons Suffering from Diabetes. In May, 1930, the Council obtained the approval of the Ministry of Health to supply Insulin to diabetic patients who were necessitous and unable to obtain it under the National Health Insurance Acts. A continuing approval is obtained yearly. Insulin was supplied under this scheme to 18 patients during the year, the total coat being £35 0s. 5d. Insulin is supplied to medical practitioners under the following conditions:— (1) The application must state the name, age, address, and sex of the patient for whom it is required.
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(2) A quarterly report must be furnished in respect of each patient treated, giving the following information:— (a) The number of doses of Insulin administered; (b) Stating whether any tests were made of the urine or of the blood of the patient, and, if so, by whom and with what results; (c) A report on the progress of the patient. xvi. School Medical Service (London County Council). Through the courtesy of Sir Frederick Menzies, the School Medical Officer, I am able to give the following particulars of the routine medical examination of elementary school children in Woolwich in 1938. The percentage of entrant boys requiring treatment for some defect or other was 35.4, and of girls, 35.3; the corresponding figures for London being 47.5 per cent., and 47.2 per cent.
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Excluding nutrition and dental defects, the percentage of entrant boys requiring treatment was 14.3, and girls, 12.3; the corresponding figures for London being 14.9 and 13.5. 40 TABLE No. 24 (Part I.). Examination of Elementary School Children in Woolwich, 1938. Numbers Examined and Defects Found. Number examined Boys. Girls. Entrants. Age 7. Age 11. Age 14. Entrants. Age 7. Age 11. Age 14. 1,150 Cases * 888 Cases * 964 Cases * 947 Cases * 1,155 Cases * 902 Cases * 940 Cases * 912 Cases * Malnutrition 21 4 17 - 16 2 13 1 14 3 28 5 11 1 5 1 Skin Disease 6 5 5 5 2 2 6 3
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11 6 7 6 6 5 8 4 Defective Teeth - 285 - 154 - 160 — 157 — 295 — 166 — 137 — 166 Enlarged Tonsils 136 65 75 39 34 21 20 13 109 39 74 41 51 34 29 22 Adenoids 12 8 4 3 — — 1 1 9 4 4 3 4 4 — — Enlarged Tonsils and Adenoids 50 38 26 23 11 8 4 4 51 42 32 31 8 7 7 7 Other Nose and Throat defects 9 1 4 3 3 3 3 3 8 4 3 2 3 1 1 1 Enlarged Glands 4 1 5 2 1 — — — 5 — 7
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1 4 — — — Eye Disease 21 18 8 7 5 3 11 9 23 20 14 11 12 9 3 3 Vision defect — — - 40 — 81 — 89 — — — 29 — 92 — 66 Otorrhoea 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 6 4 3 2 — — 3 3 Other ear disease 5 2 1 — — — 1 — 2 — 2 1 2 1 1 1 Defective hearing - — — — 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 — — — — Speech defects 5 — 2 — 3 2 2 2 3 - - - - - 1 — Heart defects 6 1 1 — 5 — 7 4 4 — 8 2 3 1 3 1
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Anaemia 4 2 2 2 6 2 5 4 8 4 6 1 2 2 2 1 Lung defects 10 5 2 1 6 3 5 4 15 9 4 2 4 2 1 — Nervous defects 9 2 6 — 7 3 1 1 8 1 9 2 5 1 3 1 Phthisis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Other T.B.
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disease - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rickets 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Spinal deformities — — 4 3 3 3 1 1 1 - 3 3 5 4 1 - Other deformities 18 11 4 2 9 5 8 4 12 7 7 5 10 5 6 5 Other defects 22 12 18 12 17 12 11 7 24 14 17 12 24 18 11 9 Number of Children noted for treatment - 407 — 254 - 290 — 266 — 408 — 284 — 279 — 261 * Defects, however slight, are included under "Cases"; those severe enough to require treatment are shown under *. 41 TABLE No. 24 (Part II.). Age Groups. Number examined.
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Clothing and Boots. Nutrition. Cleanliness of Head. Cleanliness of Body. Teeth. Vision. Good Fair Poor. Good Average Below normal Bad Clean Nits Pediculi Clean Dirty Pediculi All sound Less than 4 decayed. 4 or more decayed. 6/6 in both eyes. 6/9 in either or both eyes. 6/12 or worse in either or both eyes. Entrants— Boys 1150 833 315 2 72 999 78 1 1141 8 1 1139 11 - 853 246 51 — — Girls 1155 848 307 - 88 1015 51 1 1137 15 3 1149 6 - 843 260 52 — — — Age 7— Boys 888 620 267 1 53 762 72 1 878 8 2 880 8 — 730 144
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14 590 237 55 Girls 902 600 300 2 101 726 72 3 892 8 2 899 2 1 736 152 14 621 229 46 Age 11— Boys 964 651 312 1 64 841 59 — 962 2 — 962 1 1 798 157 9 745 113 105 Girls 940 635 304 1 70 826 44 - 923 15 2 933 7 — 808 129 3 675 150 111 Age 14— Boys 947 595 350 2 107 796 43 1 941 3 3 944 3 - 790 154 3 713 115 118 Girls 912 680 231 1 136 729 46 1 905 7 — 909 3 — 741 166 5 707 104 93 Total
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7858 5462 2386 10 691 6694 465 8 7779 66 13 7815 41 2 6299 1408 151 4051 948 528 Percentage 69.5 30.4 0.1 8.8 85.2 6.0 99.0 0.8 0.2 99.5 0.5 0.0 80.2 17.9 1.9 73.3 17.2 9.5 London 54.6 45.1 0.3 16.2 77.2 6.6 97.7 2.0 0.3 98.7 1.2 0.1 70.2 26.3 3.5 67.8 19.0 13.2 42 SECTION IV. HEALTH PROPAGANDA.
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Apart from the normal health education work of the Council's visiting and clinic staffs, the activities of the Council in health education and health propaganda during 1938 may be classified as follows:— (a) National Health Campaign.—In last year's Annual Report, I set out fully the steps taken by the Council to assist this national effort to increase the use of the Health Services. The campaign was a wide one, and included appeals not only to use the health services of local authorities—maternity and child welfare, school medical, tuberculosis, and social hygiene—but also to use the general practitioner medical services, and the hospitals, sufficiently early to enable the best results to be obtained. In the closing month the campaign was closely associated with the work of the National Fitness Council. The campaign extended over part of two calendar years. The first two sections dealing with health services generally and with maternity and child welfare services in particular, occupied the winter months of 1937. In the spring of 1938 flie remaining services were dealt with.
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The propaganda material used included: a series of large posters measuring 80 inches by 120 inches for display on hoardings; double crown posters for display in windows and on notice boards; classroom posters; display showcards for counters, etc.; traffic notices; bookmarks; and three-leaf folders, all bearing similar information and the same slogan for each section of the Campaign. In Woolwich arrangements were made for display on hoardings of the large posters; the double crown posters and the classroom posters were distributed widely to the churches, clubs, guilds, employers and to the various departments of the Council. The show-cards were distributed to small shopkeepers; the bookmarks were distributed through the Libraries, and 30,000 of the three-leaf folders, with local information overprinted, were distributed house-to-house throughout the Borough each month. .
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(b) Health Film Displays for School Children.—Experience having demonstrated the value of the cinema film as a medium for the education of school children (particularly so with the introduction of the sound film) arrangements for monthly displays at the Town Hall and at the Plumstead Museum were continued during 1938 in co-operation with the Libraries Committee. On one Monday in each of the winter months, three separate audiences, each of approximately 400, saw a programme of educational and health films of about one hour's duration at the Town Hall; and at Plumstead Museum on one Wednesday in each of the winter months a display was given to a small audience during the afternoon and again in the evening to an audience of approximately two hundred. 43 The Health films shown in these combined programmes were:- Town Hall. January 17th "Swimming (Speed)." " Giro and His Enemies." February 14th "The Story of Milk Production." March 14th "Training in Ball Games." November 14th "Vision."
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December 12th "Exercises Performed with a Rhythmical Swing." Plumstead Museum. January 19th "Circulation." February 9th "Carriage." March 9th "Stand up and Breathe." October 12th "The Filter." "Swimming (Breast and Butterfly Strokes)." November 9th "Swimming (The Crawl)." December 14th "Swimming (Back Stroke)." (c) Health Film Displays for Adults.—Following the film displays to school children at Plumstead Museum the same films were displayed the same evening to an adult audience of approximately 180. (d) Informal Talks.—This part of the Council's health education work is decidedly popular, and many local organisations regularly request two or three of these talks each winter.
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It is a very convenient way of disseminating knowledge as the audience is an organised body; the talk is given on the usual meeting day and in the usual meeting place; the audience is at home and is inclined to ask more questions than at a crowded public meeting; and moreover, as most of the talks are given by members of the staff, a point of contact is made by the Council's officers with the general public—a most useful development of health education. These talks are usually illustrated by cinema films or by lantern slides, and the introduction of sound films has added greatly to the interest and value of these meetings. (e) Cookery Classes.—The weekly cookery demonstrations for the wives and mothers of the tuberculous held at the dispensary at Maxey Road continue to be appreciated.
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The practical advice given is of great value to these women who, for the most part, have slender purses and need all the knowledge to be gained, not only to enable them to expend their money to the greatest advantage but also to enable them to cook the food in the most nutritious way. It was for these reasons that these demonstrations were first arranged. The nett cost to the Council for food provided during the year was £2 9s. l1d. The number attending was 18, and the number of attendances was 424. There were 44 meetings. The Tuberculosis Care Committee provide cups of tea and biscuits at each meeting, and the cooked dishes are sold at about half cost to those attending the classes. 44 (f) Central Council for Health Education.—This Council is an incorporated body composed of representatives of Government Departments, Local Government, National Health Insurance, Professional Organisations and Voluntary Societies engaged in Health Propaganda work.
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Your medical officer was elected Chairman of the Council in November, 1938. The Council aims at (a) the organisation of Health Weeks on behalf of local authorities; (6) the production and distribution of posters; (c) the issue of "Better Health"; (d) the organisation of a Health Education Conference annually; (e) the distribution of films and leaflets; (f) the issue of a Year Book collating information relating to health propaganda; (g) the co-ordination of the work of affiliated societies in the organisation of local campaigns, etc.; (h) the maintenance of a permanent collection of Health Education material; and (i) the furnishing of expert advice on the best methods of Health Education. The Borough Council increased its annual contribution to the funds of this body from five guineas to ten guineas. (g) "Better Health."—This journal, which is the official magazine of the Central Council for Health Education, is published monthly.
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During the year its layout was revised in order to increase its popular appeal. Its contents include articles on personal health and hygiene from the public and personal points of view, and it is a valuable aid to public health in these matters. We know it is thoroughly appreciated by those into whose hands it comes monthly. In Woolwich we distribute some two thousand copies each month, through the welfare centres, through the public libraries, through the schools, and by post. (h) Health Services Booklet.—This booklet contains full information regarding the Council's health services and six editions have been published since it was first issued in 1931. It is distributed through the health centres, the public libraries, and the local post offices. Every new tenant in the Council's housing estates receives a copy. Any ratepayer can receive a copy on application to the Health Department. (i) Health and Happiness for Baby.—Prior to 1937 advice to expectant and nursing mothers and information on the care and management of infants was given in various leaflets.
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In 1937, however, these leaflets were combined and rewritten in the form of a booklet entitled "Health and Happiness for Baby." This booklet has 32 pages and was first printed in November, 1937; a second edition was printed at the end of 1938. A copy is sent to every Woolwich mother when the birth of her baby is notified and copies are obtainable at the welfare centres. In this way over 2,500 copies are distributed each year. (j) Leaflets.—A complete series of leaflets dealing with practically every branch of the Council's health services has been prepared locally or has been purchased from central sources. These are distributed as necessary and can be obtained on request at the health department and any of the health centres. 45 (k) Posters.—Posters provide a striking and effective method of appeal to the public, but the message they convey must be clear and easily appreciated. In no circumstances should they be used to convey a lengthy message.
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The excellent series provided by the Central Council for Health Education were displayed during the year, usually on two boards, but on four during June and July. Those shown during the year were as follows:— January "Use your School Dental Service." February "Support the National Health Campaign." March "Get Fit—Keep Fit." April "Drink Safe Milk." May "Britain's Way to Health and Fitness." June "Balance your Meal." "Holiday Fitness all the Year." July National Milk Publicity Council. Youth Hostels Association. August "Obey the Laws of Health." September National Fitness Council. October Dental Board of the United Kingdom. November National Safety First Association. December National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis. Other posters, crown and double crown, were in regular use in the Health Centres, Dispensaries, Public Libraries and on the hoardings.
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(l) Bookmarks.—Use was made of these in order to make better known throughout the Borough the need for the early diagnosis of tuberculosis. They were distributed through the Public Libraries. They indicate briefly the symptoms and signs which indicate the advisability of obtaining medical advice and they give the names and addresses of, and the times of attendance at, the tuberculosis dispensaries. (m) London County Council Midwifery Scheme.—The London County Council having expressed the hope that facilities would be given by the Borough Councils for the display of posters and leaflets drawing attention to, and giving information with regard to the domiciliary midwifery service, this Council decided to give help in every way possible. As a result leaflets and posters, prepared by the County Medical Officer, have been distributed and displayed at the Town Hall in the Maternity and Child Welfare Centres and in the Public Libraries. 46 SECTION V. SANITARY ADMINISTRATION.
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Staff.—The staff of the Sanitary Section at the end of 1938 consisted of one Chief Inspector, 13 male inspectors, 2 women inspectors and 2 part-time women inspectors, who are also part-time health visitors. During the year one of the male inspectors was seconded for whole-time service in connection with air raid precautions. Water Supply.—The Metropolitan Water Board is responsible for the watersupply of the Borough, and no complaints were received as to the quality of the water supply during the year. So far as can be ascertained there are eighteen wells in the Borough, used in the main for trade or kindred purposes. Drainage.—The drainage of every house in the Borough, except in 15 instances, is connected with sewers. These exceptions are to be found at Shooters Hill, Bostall Heath, Harrow Manorway and Bexley Road, and in all cesspools are used.
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The total number of cesspools is fourteen, seven of which are in Plumstead and seven in Eltham. The inspection of new drainage and of extensive reconstruction of old systems is carried out by the Borough Engineer, but in all other instances alterations are supervised by the Sanitary Inspectors. During the year 25 complaints were received regarding the defective action of combined drains; on investigation, 130 houses in all were found to be affected. In all systems, except 3, the obstruction was of a temporary character. In 8 instances choked interceptors were found. Costs recovered from the owners amounted to £1 9s. 2d. In the following three instances reconstruction was necessary:—2-18 (even), Owenite Street; 133-139 (odd), Abbey Wood Road; 1-12 (all), Troy Street.
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After service of the necessary notices and on receipt of the consents of the owners, the work was carried out by the Works Department of the Council, the costs being paid by the owners in their proper proportions. Seventeen orders for the cutting off and sealing up of drains, involving 101 houses, were made during the year as a result of slum clearance operations. Removal and Disposal of Refuse.—House refuse is collected and disposed of by direct labour under the control of the Works Department of the Council. Collection is made once weekly, with the exception of a small central area, where a twice-weekly collection is made. All refuse is disposed of by burning at the Council's destructor at White Hart Road, Plumstead. 47 Offensive trade refuse is removed by contractors, who make their own arrangements with the shopkeepers as to the time and day of removal.
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The contractors provide airtight receptacles of a type approved by your Medical Officer of Health, the number of these supplied varying according to the individual requirements of the shopkeepers. The minimum charge for the removal of these tins is 1s. per week. Inoffensive trade refuse is removed by the Works Department at a charge of 5s. per load, and 2,704 tons of such refuse were removed. Complaints.—During the year 3,021 complaints of nuisances were made to the Health Department or to the Sanitary Inspectors on the district, and all these were investigated by the Sanitary Inspectors. After investigation the necessary notices for the remedy or abatement of the defects or nuisances discovered were served upon the owners or other persons responsible. Sanitary Inspection of the Area.—A summary of the inspections carried out by the Sanitary Inspectors will be found in Table No. 25.
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In connection therewith the numbers of intimation and statutory notices served were 1,138 and 237 respectively. The statutory notices related to 187 premises, and included 202 general, 9 ashpit, 2 water closet and 12 paving notices. In addition to these notices under the Public Health (London) Act, 12 notices were served under the London County Council (General Powers) Acts and under By-laws. In 43 instances, where owners did not comply with the statutory notices, the Town Clerk was asked to institute proceedings. It was necessary, however, to issue summonses in only three instances, as in all the other cases the necessary steps were taken on receipt of a letter from him. In Table No. 26 will be found a summary of the nuisances abated and defects remedied:— TABLE No. 25. Inspections.
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Housing Survey— Houses Inspected 452 Common Lodging Houses 96 Underground Rooms Illegally Occupied 12 Clearance Areas— Houses Surveyed 287 Drainage Inspections 1,753 Complaints Investigated 3,021 Drains Tested by Smoke Test 315 Outworkers' Premises 215 Drains lested by Water Test.. 115 Houses Let in Lodgings 226 Houses re Infectious Disease 838 New Houses 1,108 Houses re Smallpox Contacts 3 Tents and Vans 25 Houses re Verminous Cases 5,351 Factories with mechanical power 278 Houses re Scabies Cases 465 Factories without mechanical power 80 Houses re Other Diseases 40 48 TABLE No. 25—continued. Other premises under Factories Act 65 Women's Lavatories 160 Smoke Observations 26 Shops Act, 1934 667 Special Inspections re Rats 291 Theatres and Cinemas 10 Pharmacy and Poisons Act .
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87 Rag and Bone Premises 20 Miscellaneous 1,581 Urinals Accessible to the Public 119 Re-Inspections 7,018 TABLE No. 26. Nuisances Abated.
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Cleansing— Scullery Floors Re-paved or Repaired 32 Interiors Cleansed 416 Rooms Cleansed 645 House Drains— Damp Conditions— Defective Drains Repaired 159 Choked Drains Cleared 239 Walls 424 Vent Pipes Repaired 16 Sites 21 Soil Pipes Repaired 8 Roofs 324 Gullies Fixed 44 Rain Water Pipes and Gutters 138 New Drainage 15 Others 52 Rain Water Tanks Repaired — Dilapidations— „ „ „ Abolished — Walls 425 Sinks Repaired or Provided 101 Ceilings 288 Wastes Cleansed 40 Floors and Hearths 109 Wastes Trapped or Repaired 244 Coppers 43 Water Closets— Stoves 76 Flushing Apparatus Repaired 67 Others 22 „ „ Renewed 19 Verminous Conditions— New Pans 197 Rooms Cleansed 1,
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370 New Traps 173 Defective Lighting— Foul Pans Cleansed by Owner 7 Windows Repaired 68 Occupier 1 Additional W.C.'s Provided 5 „ Enlarged 2 „ Additional 2 Doors and Fastenings Remedied 16 Other Means 2 Dust Bins Provided 145 Defective Ventilation— Underground Rooms Closed 9 Windows Rendered Usable 143 Water Supply— „ Additional Provided 2 Additional — Other Means 7 Reinstated 11 Defective Paving— Cisterns Cleansed — Yards Re-paved 63 „ Covered — „ Repaired 83 „ Removed - 49 TABLE No. 26—continued.
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Foul Accumulations— Premises Rat-Proofed 17 Manure Removed 3 Other Effective Measures .. 14 Offensive Accumulations Removed 13 Rag and Bone Premises— Premises Cleansed — Back Yards Cleansed 7 Rainproof Premises Provided — Dung Pits Provided — Vermin-proof Conditions Provided - Rats— Drains Repaired in Consequence 64 Miscellaneous 179 Shops Act, 1934.—The Council, in their capacity as sanitary authority, have to enforce some of the provisions of this Act. The remainder of the Act is administered by the London County Council. The number of inspections made during the year was 667 and 2 notices for offences under the Act were served. Sanitary accommodation was made suitable and sufficient in 13 cases, and suitable means of heating was provided in one case. Suitable means of ventilation was provided in one case.
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The number of exemption certificates issued in cases of shops where, owing to restricted accommodation or other special circumstances, a sanitary convenience could not be provided on the premises, was 39. Smoke Abatement.—During the year 26 smoke observations were made on factory chimneys in the Borough. In 6 cases offences were committed and 3 notices were served. In each case the nuisance was abated forthwith and no further action was taken. During the year an Inaugural Meeting of the Greater London Advisory Council for Smoke Abatement took place. The Council was represented at this meeting. The following resolution was passed:— "That this meeting of representatives of Greater London Local Authorities hereby resolves that a Greater London Advisory Council for Smoke Abatement be forthwith and hereby is established, having such objects and constitution as shall be determined by the representatives of the constituent Local Authorities." No representatives were appointed by the Borough Council during the year but the Council were in full sympathy with the proposal and no doubt will appoint representatives in the near future.
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Public Baths and Washhottses.—There are three bathing establishments in the Borough, one at Plumstead, one at Woolwich, and a small one at North Woolwich. At Plumstead there is a First Class Swimming Bath (capacity 120,000 gallons); a Second Class Swimming Bath (capacity 80,000 gallons); 64 Slipper Baths, and a separate building for Turkish and Russian Vapour Baths. There is 50 also a Public Washhouse. At Woolwich there is a First Class Swimming Bath (capacity 120,000 gallons); a Second Class Swimming Bath (capacity 90,000 gallons); and 60 Slipper Baths. At North Woolwich there are 22 Slipper Baths. The construction of the new baths at Eltham—two swimming pools—was proceeded with during the year.
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Through the courtesy of the Baths Superintendent I am able to say that the total number using the Swimming Baths during the year was 187,246; Turkish and Russian Vapour Baths, 23,756; Slipper Baths, 194,298; and the Public Washhouse, 14,133. Filtration plants have been installed at the Woolwich and Plumstead Baths, and the chemical and bacteriological content of the water is regularly examined by members of the Baths staff. Independent samples are taken by this Department from time to time. There are two open-air swimming pools in the Borough, one in Eltham Park and one in the Victoria Gardens, North Woolwich. These belong to the London County Council, and filtration plants have been installed at both. There are also paddling pools in the Borough, one belonging to the Woolwich Borough Council on their Middle Park Estate, and one in Eaglesfield, belonging to the London County Council. There are no filtration plants at either of these.
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Eradication of Bed-Bugs.—An organised effort against bed-bug infestation of the Council's Housing Estates has been in being since 1934. It includes inspection of the furniture and effects of selected applicants, inspection when opportunity offers of occupied Council houses not known to be infested, disinfestation when necessary of furniture and effects prior to occupation, disinfestation when necessary of tenanted and untenanted Council houses, and regular periodic supervision of all houses for a period of two years after a process of disinfestation has been carried out. The figures given under appropriate heads below indicate what this effort means and indicate the measure of success. It is not possible to exercise the same control over privately owned houses as over the Council's estates, but the Council help owners so far as their resources allow, by disinfesting contents of infested houses while the owners deal with the structure, by "following up" afterwards by trained women Sanitary Inspectors and by disseminating knowledge about the bed-bug amongst the populace.
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There is, however, no organised search for the bed bug in these houses and no disinfestation of premises or furniture before new tenants are admitted. Houses known to be bug infested, and about to be demolished, are, however, disinfested. During the year the Royal Sanitary Institute arranged a course on disinfestation for sanitary inspectors. The Council sent one woman Sanitary Inspector to this course. 51 In Circular 1728 the Ministry of Health ask that particulars of the action taken for the eradication of bed-bugs should be given under the five headings set out below:— 1. The number of (a) Council houses; (b) Other houses; (i) Found to be infested; (ii) Disinfested.
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Visits are paid to the Council's houses (a) when a tenant gives notice that he intends to vacate the premises and before he does so; (6) when a tenant asks for a transfer to another Council house; and (c) at the request of the Estate Office, when the presence of bed-bugs is suspected. The number of such visits made during the year was 514. The number of Council Houses found to be infested during the year was 79, and all of these were successfully disinfested ; in all instances, except six, after one fumigation. The distribution of infested houses is interesting, as most of the infestation which exists in the Council's houses is in houses which were occupied prior to the institution in 1934 of the disinfestation scheme. On the Page Estate of 2,306 houses, bug infestation was found in 61 cases.
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On the Middle Park Estate of 1,962 houses, 14 cases were found; ten of these and all of those on the Page Estate were in houses which were built prior to 1934. Two cases of infestation were found in the North Woolwich houses built about 1902 and two in houses which came into the possession of the Council through default in payment of sums due under mortgages. No infestation has yet been found in the Timbercroft Lane Estate of 54 houses. Houses other than those in Council ownership are found to be infested on house-to-house inspection, on inspection following investigation of a complaint, or on enquiry into the occurrence of infectious disease, and occasionally an occupier asks for help in eradicating the bed-bug. The number of such houses found to be infested during the year was 494.
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The scheme of co-operation described in my Annual Report for 1932, between the Council and the Landlord, was put into operation in 159 instances, while a further 103 houses in clearance areas were dealt with prior to demolition. One further house is known to have been disinfested by the occupier after advice from the department. 2. The methods employed for freeing infested houses from bed-bugs and the name of the fumigant and/or insecticide used. Different methods were used by the Department during the year, in different circumstances. (а) Sulphur dioxide, plus cleansing, as described in my Annual Reports for 1932 and 1933, was used in 84 houses, all of which, with the exception of 9, were in private ownership. In 78 instances this method of treatment was successful in one application. (b) Cyanide (Zyklon B) was used for the disinfestation of 18 occupied houses in 9 blocks.
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In such cases the occupiers of infested dwellings are accommodated for two nights in a block of empty houses on the Council's estate, reserved for this purpose. The occupiers of the non-infested houses in the blocks were offered accommodation for one night, but allowed to return to their own dwellings the same evening if they so desired, as soon as the premises had been certified as safe. 52 In three instances re-infestation occurred during the year, in a block of three houses, all of which became re-infested. The three families concerned were very friendly and it was found that a good deal of interchange of furniture went on between them, not an unusual practice, but one which leads to unfortunate results when one of them purchases secondhand bug-infested furniture and it also becomes the subject of exchange.
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Regulations, known as the Hydrogen Cyanide (Fumigation of Buildings), Regulations, and dated December, 1938, have been made by the Secretary of State and come into operation on the 1st February, 1939. All fumigation of buildings with hydrogen cyanide after that date will have to comply with these Regulations. (c) In cases of light infestation, or where for any reason it was not practicable to seal off a room, other fumigants or contact sprays were used on 106 occasions, with 4 primary failures. (d) Washed heavy naphtha was used for 33 houses, 6 of which were furnished and 24 of which belong to the Council. In four instances the primary treatment was not successful, 2 of these being furnished houses.
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As our knowledge of washed heavy naphtha grows it is becoming more and more clear that it will replace hydrogen cyanide as a fumigant in houses, but as yet we have not been able to work out a thoroughly satisfactory method of using this chemical in furnished houses, although the method for use in empty houses is quite efficient. (e) In addition to the above, 103 houses in Clearance Areas were disinfested with a mixture of equal parts of orthodichlorbenzene and paraffin before demolition. 3. The methods employed for ensuring that the belongings of tenants are free from vermin before removal to Council houses.—The Sanitary Inspector in charge of disinfestation inspects the furniture of all persons provisionally selected as tenants for the Council's houses, decides when disinfestation is necessary and makes the necessary arrangements. During the year he visited 506 houses in this connection.
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In all cases where vermin are found, the removal is carried out under the supervision of the Health Department, either in the Council's special pantechnicons, of which there are now three, or in hired vans. During the year 215 removals were carried out in this way, each van load being disinfested with Zyklon B, at one of the Council's depots. As a matter of interest it may be stated that of the 506 tenants inspected during the year 252 were in slum clearance houses and 254 were in other houses. Eighty per cent. of the slum clearance houses were bug infested, compared with 52 per cent. of the others. Recent work by the London County Council and by the Enfield Urban District Council has shown that heavy naphtha can be effectively used in vans for the disinfestation of furniture in transit. It appears that at a temperature of 100ºF.
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53 a saturated solution of naphtha will kill the bed-bug in six hours. The Council decided to build a suitable van for this work and it came into service towards the end of December. No opportunity for using it for naphtha work arose before the end of the year. 4. Whether the work of disinfestation is carried out by the Local Authority or by a Contractor. The work of disinfestation, including all cases where hydrogen cyanide was used, was in every instance during the year carried out by the Council's own staff. 5. The measures taken by way of supervision or education of tenants to prevent infestation or re-infestation after cleansing. In Woolwich all houses which are disinfested or where furniture is disinfested prior to the tenants' admission, are subject for a period of two years to periodical inspection by the Council's women sanitary inspectors. In this way 862 houses dealt with in earlier years were inspected.
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In 1938 bugs were found in 42 of these houses, eleven, in addition to those referred to in paragraph 2 (6), being on the Council's estates. In order that householders may co-operate with the Council in preventing infestation or re-infestation after cleansing, the following steps have been taken by way of supervision or education:— (а) Each new tenant on the Council's estate receives by post a copy of the Council's Health Services Booklet, which contains a short article on the bed-bug and how it spreads. (b) To the head of each infested family is sent after disinfestation a letter asking for co-operation, and enclosing a reprint of the article referred to above. (c) The sanitary inspector in charge of disinfestation personally explains to the housewife the precautions which must be taken after disinfestation if the house is to remain free from bugs. (d) The woman sanitary inspector pays periodic visits for a period of two years.
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On these visits she repeats how infestation may occur, e.g., by the exchange of bedding and cot furniture between neighbours and friends, by the purchase of secondhand furniture from neighbours and dealers, or by the purchase of infested firewood from itinerant hawkers. (e) Secondhand furniture is disinfested free of charge on request, but such requests are not common. (f) A copy of the film, "The Red Army," has been purchased and is shown frequently in connection with health lectures. It deals with the life history of the bed-bug and its dissemination. Factories Act.—The following Table is in the form adopted by the Secretary of State to provide for uniformity throughout the country in the presentation of certain particulars of this work which lend themselves to statistical treatment. 54 TABLE No. 27. Factories and Workplaces. 1.—Inspection. Premises. (1) Number of Inspections. (2) Written Notices. (3) Occupiers Prosecuted.
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(4) Factories with mechanical power 278 16 — Factories without mechanical power 80 1 - *Other Premises under the Act (including works of building and engineering construction but not including outworkers' premises) 65 15 - Total *Electrical Stations should be reckoned as factories. 423 32 — 2.—Defects Found. Particulars. (1) Number of Defects. Number of defects in respect of which Prosecutions were Instituted. (5) Found. (2) Remedied. (3) Referred to H.M. Inspector. (4) Want of Cleanliness (S 1) 30 30 — — Overcrowding (S. 2) — — - - Unreasonable Temperature (S. 3) 13 13 - — Inadequate Ventilation (S. 4) 1 1 — — Ineffective Drainage of Floors (S.
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6) - — — — Sanitary Conveniences (S. 7) Insufficient 1 1 - - Unsuitable or Defective. . 12 12 — — Not Separate for Sexes - - — — Other Offences (Not including offences relating to Home Work or offences under the Sections mentioned in the Schedule to the Ministry of Health (Factories and Workshops Transfer of Powers) Order, 1921, and reenacted in the Third Schedule to the Factories Act, 1937). - - - - Total 57 57 — — 55 3.—Outwork in Unwholesome Premises. Nature of Work. (1) Instances. (2) Notices Served. (3) Prosecutions.
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(4) Making of Wearing Apparel — — — Making of Lamp Shades — — — Covering of Racquet Balls — - — The Rats and Mice (Destruction) Act, 1919.—This Act makes it obligatory for all occupiers of land to keep the land and premises thereon clear of rats and mice. Cases of rat infestation vary widely and often the correct treatment of a particular case can only be decided after an examination of the premises concerned. Each district inspector is the rats officer for his area and investigates all complaints received, giving the necessary advice to suit the particular case. During the National Rat Week, held from 7th-14th November, special measures were undertaken and the co-operation of many large firms in the Borough, and of the Borough Engineer was obtained. The number of baits laid in the sewers of Woolwich and Plumstead was 7,325. The total number of inspections made was 512.
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In 64 instances it was necessary to secure the repair of defective drains. Seventeen premises were made rat proof and other effective measures were taken in 14 instances. No statutory notices were served. Fouling of Footways by Dogs.—In 1934 the Council made a by-law which came into operation from the 1st January, 1935. The by-law is as follows:— "No person being in charge of a dog in any street or public place and having the dog on a lead shall allow or permit such dog to deposit its excrement upon the public footway." One summons was issued during the year, particulars of which will be found in Table No. 30 at the end of the Section. Nuisances from Pigeons.—Under Section 121 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1936, a Borough Council is empowered to seize and destroy, sell or otherwise dispose of house-doves or pigeons in excessive numbers, if they appear to have no owner.
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It is necessary, however, in the first place for the Council to obtain the consent to the measures adopted by them from the persons or body in whom the building or land, upon which the birds congregate, is vested. The powers of the Council under this Section have been delegated to the Health Committee. Action taken during the year was limited to the destruction of a considerable number of eggs. 56 Rag and Bone By-Laws.—One of the by-laws made by the London County Council prohibits the distribution or sale of any article of food or any balloon or other toy from any premises used for the business, or from any cart, barrow, or other vehicle or receptacle used for the collection or disposal of rags and bones, etc., or in any other way connected with the business. This by-law is frequently broken. No summonses were taken out during this year. Rag Flock.—Four samples of rag flock were taken for analysis.
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Such material must comply with the Rag Flock Regulations, in which it is laid down that the soluble chlorine in the form of chlorides must not exceed 30 parts of chlorine in 100,000 parts of flock. All the samples complied with the Regulations, as the result of analyses show, the number of parts of chlorine being, respectively, 8; 9.6; 8; 8. At the request of the manufacturers, 98 bales of rag flock were disinfected before export, and the necessary certificates were given to enable importation into South Africa to take place. Payments in respect of this service amounted to £51 9s. 0d. Mortuaries.—The Public Mortuary is in Sunbury Street, Woolwich, but in recent years this has been little used, owing to the centralisation of Coroners' Courts in London. Inquests on Woolwich cases are held in Lewisham or Greenwich.
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The temporary mortuary in Eltham was closed in June, 1937. The following Table shows the use made of the mortuaries during the year:— TABLE No. 28. Sunbury Street. Sunbury Street (Infectious). All Mortuaries. 1938 1937 Number of Bodies Received:— (a) For Inquest — — — — (6) For Custody 9 - 9 11 9 - 9 11 Number of Post-Mortem Examinations - - — — Cemeteries.—The Council own three cemeteries within the Borough, two in Plumstead and one in Eltham. The two in Plumstead are known respectively as the Woolwich Cemetery and the Plumstead Cemetery, the Woolwich one being divided into two portions, the Old and the New. Eltham Cemetery was opened for interments in April, 1935.
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Burials also take place in Eltham Churchyard, and rarely in a private burial ground within the grounds of Christchurch Priory in Eltham High Street. 57 In the following Table are shown the numbers of interments in the different graveyards. The information in the case of the cemeteries is given through the courtesy of the Town Clerk, and, in the case of the Eltham Churchyard, through that of the Vicar of Eltham. TABLE No. 29. Number of Interments. 1936 1937 1938 Woolwich Cemetery 610 613 523 Plumstead Cemetery 741 719 765 Eltham Cemetery 140 148 166 Eltham Churchyard 168 161 155 Exhumations.—During the year five exhumations under Home Office licences were carried out.
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Offensive Trades.—By the Transfer of Powers Order, 1933, consideration of, and decision on, applications for the establishment anew or the enlargement of certain offensive businesses, or imposition, modification, or removal of conditions, was transferred from the London County Council to the Metropolitan Borough Councils. At that time there was in this Borough only one offensive trade, namely, that of a slaughterer of poultry, the premises at which this was carried on being approved by the London County Council in November, 1931. In 1936 the Council approved an application by the Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society to establish anew the business of a slaughterer of cattle and that of a tripe boiler, subject to certain conditions. An application for the re-establishment of the business of slaughterer of poultry, referred to above, was considered by the Council in July, 1937, and was approved.
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Removal of Infirm and Diseased Persons.—Power is given by Section 224 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1936, to remove infirm and diseased persons living under insanitary conditions to institutions. Usually such persons are persuaded to enter an institution, but occasionally difficulty is experienced in this connection, and it is necessary to make application to a Magistrate for an Order. No such application was made during the year. Pharmacy and Poisons Act, 1933.—This Act places upon Metropolitan Borough Councils the duties of enforcing the provisions of that part of the Act which relates to poisons in Part 2 of the Poisons List. Poisons in Part 1 of the Poisons List may only be sold by "authorised sellers" and those in Part 2 by authorised sellers and by listed sellers, whose names appear in a register to be kept by the local authority.
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58 "Authorised sellers," i.e., pharmacists, are inspected by Inspectors appointed by the Pharmaceutical Society, but the Borough Council are required to arrange for the necessary inspection of all listed sellers. The Medical Officer of Health, the Chief Sanitary Inspector, and two sanitary inspectors have been appointed as inspectors for this purpose. The Council decided in February, 1937, to delegate its powers under the Act to the Health Committee. The number of names entered on the Council's list at the beginning of the year was 91. Seven were added and four were deleted. The number at the end of the year was 94, and there were 93 deputies approved. Legal Proceedings.—The particulars of the various prosecutions instituted under the various Acts are set out in detail in the following Table No. 30. TABLE No. 30. Prosecutions under Public Health and Kindred Acts. No. Date of Hearing. Offence. Situation. Result.
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1 17th March Being a person having charge of a dog on a lead, did allow said dog to deposit excrement upon the footway. Footscray Road Dismissed under Probation of Offenders Act. 2 17th March Leaking roof of house causing dampness. Leaking roof over ground floor back room. Absence of proper eaves gutter to same ; leaking sink waste drain. 10, Chapel Street . . Order to abate within fourteen days. 3 29th December Broken and dilapidated ceiling of first floor back room. Leaking roof over first floor back and back addition rooms causing dampness. 1, Oak Street Work done. Summons withdrawn on payment of ten and six costs. 4 29th December Leaking roof over first floor front room causing dampness. 3, Oak Street Work done. Summons withdrawn on payment of ten and six costs. 59 SECTION VI. HOUSING.
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The following Table shows the main housing figures for the year set out under the headings given in Circular 1728 issued by the Ministry of Health for securing uniformity in the presentation of these statistics. TABLE No. 31. 1.—Inspection of Dwelling Houses during the Year.
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(1) Total number of dwelling houses inspected for housing defects (under Public Health or Housing Acts) 3,659 Number of inspections made for the purpose 8,570 (2) Number of dwelling houses (included under sub-head (1) above) which were inspected and recorded under the Housing (Consolidated) Regulations, 1925 and 1932 452 Number of inspections made for the purpose 664 (3) Number of dwelling houses found to be in a state so dangerous or injurious to health as to be unfit for human habitation 225 (4) Number of dwelling houses (exclusive of those referred to under the preceding sub-head) found not to be in all respects reasonably fit for human habitation 1,288 2.—Remedy of Defects during the Year without Service of Formal Notices.* Number of defective dwelling houses rendered fit in consequence of informal action by the Local Authority or their officers 1,016 Includes intimation notices. 3.—Action under Statutory Powers during the Year.
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(a) Proceedings under Section 9, 10 and 16 of the Housing Act, 1936:— (1) Number of dwelling houses in respect of which notices were served requiring repairs — (2) Number of dwelling houses which were rendered fit after service of formal notice:— (a) By Owners — (b) By Local Authority in default of owners — 60 (b) Proceedings under the Public Health Acts (1) Number of dwelling houses in respect of which notices were served requiring defects to be remedied 165 (2) Number of dwelling houses in which defects were remedied after service of formal notices:— (a) By Owners 187 (b) By Local Authority in default of owners — (c) Proceedings under Sections 11 and 13 of the Housing Act,
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1936:— (1) Number of dwelling houses in respect of which Demolition Orders were made 5 (2) Number of dwelling houses demolished in pursuance of Demolition Orders 7 (d) Proceedings under Section 12 of the Housing Act, 1936:— (1) Number of separate tenements or underground rooms in respect of which Closing Orders were made 10 (2) Number of separate tenements or underground rooms in respect of which Closing Orders were determined, the tenement, or room having been rendered fit — 4.—Housing Act, 1936—Part IV.—Overcrowding.
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* (a) (i) Number of dwellings overcrowded at the end of the year 230 (ii) Number of families dwelling therein 230 (iii) Number of persons dwelling therein 1,675 (b) Number of new cases of overcrowding reported during the year 51 (c) (i) Number of cases of overcrowding relieved during the year 211 (ii) Number of persons concerned in such cases 1,057 (d) Particulars of any cases in which dwelling houses have again become overcrowded after the local authority have taken steps for the abatement of overcrowding - *See paragraph on overcrowding on opposite page. 61 Overcrowding.—The Council are under obligation on the application of either the landlord or the occupier to give in writing the permitted number of persons in respect of any dwelling. In order to do so it is necessary to measure the house. The number of houses measured during the year was 679.
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The number of permitted number notices supplied to landlords and occupiers was 1,096. At the end of 1937 the number of dwellings overcrowded was 390. During the year 51 new cases of overcrowding were discovered and 211 cases were relieved. The number of families living in overcrowded conditions at the end of the year was 230. This figure is given with reserve and it is best to regard it simply as the number of families known to be living under overcrowded conditions. The figure 211 above has been arrived at in the following way:—additional accommodation for overcrowded families was found by re-arrangement of lettings in the same house in 34 instances ; in four instances where the permitted number was wrong a correction showed that there was no overcrowding; it was found that 38 families had become sufficiently reduced in number through persons leaving to get married and setting up house of their own or through death, and that 98 families had removed to other unknown addresses.
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The number of cases re-housed by the Woolwich Borough Council as part of their general housing policy or through slum clearance was 17, and by the London County Council as part of their abatement of overcrowding policy, 6. Fourteen cases were dealt with in other ways. Knowledge of fresh overcrowding came to the department in different ways. In 26 instances an overcrowded occupier applied for re-housing; on 2 occasions the owner complained, on one occasion the occupier, while 22 cases were discovered by the sanitary inspectors. No legal proceedings were instituted in respect of overcrowding during the year. Inspection of Houses.—The number of houses inspected in accordance with the provisions of the Housing (Consolidated) Regulations, 1925 and 1932, was 452. The action taken in regard to individual houses during the year is as set out in the following Table No. 32. TABLE No. 32. Action under the Housing Acts. Premises.
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Action Taken. 16, Delvan Street Closing Order 26th January 70, Court Road Demolition Order do. 11, Globe Lane do. do. H, Old Mill Road do. 23rd February Prospect House, Heathfield Terrace do. do. 62 TABLE No. 32—continued. Premises. Action Taken. Date. 1, Nightingale Vale Demolition Order. 27 th April 20, Samuel Street. . Closing Order do. 73, Brookhill Road do. 25th May 21, Rectory Place do. do. 94, Eltham Road do. 29th June Nightingale Maple, Swingate Lane Owners undertaking accepted. do. 5, Taylor s Buildings do. 20th July 6, Taylor's Buildings do. do. 225, Bexley Road. . Demolition Order do. 86, Eltham Road.. Closing Order do.
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57, Elmley Street do. 28th September 1, Scotts Place Demolition Order do. 1a, Courtlands Avenue Representation 14th October 9. Passey Place Closing Order 23rd November 17, Brewery Road Representation 13 th December 10, Eltham Green. . Closing Order 21st December Underground Rooms.—Section 12 (2) of the Housing Act, 1936, states that a room, the surface of the floor of which is more than 3 feet below the surface of the street adjoining or more than 3 feet below the surface of any ground within 9 feet of the room, shall be deemed to be unfit for human habitation if either:— (a) The average height of the room from floor to ceiling is not at least 7 feet ; or (b) the room does not comply with regulations made by the local authority for securing proper ventilation and lighting, and protection against dampness, effluvia or exhalation.
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In 1936 the Council submitted a revised set of Underground Room Regulations to the Minister of Health. Later the Ministry indicated that in consequence of the new legislation they were revising their Model Regulations. In these circumstances the Town Clerk agreed that it would be advisable to defer consideration of the proposed new Regulations until such time as the Model Regulations of the Ministry were revised. The draft Regulations had not been approved by the Minister by the end of 1938. 63 Re-Housing of Old People.—It was decided by the Council in 1935 that where aged or infirm persons were re-housed from clearance areas the women sanitary inspectors should pay periodic visits to all such cases, in order to promote their general welfare and prevent the development of insanitary conditions. This practice was continued during the year with satisfactory results. New Houses.—The following Table No. 33 shows the number of certificates of a proper and sufficient supply of water for new houses granted by the Health Committee at each of their meetings.
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Of these 166 were in respect of houses built by the Council. TABLE No. 33. Date of Meeting. Woolwich. Plumstead : Eltham. Total. West. East.
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5th January - — — — — 2nd February 1 13 4 23 41 2nd March 4 11 4 33 52 30th March — 21 3 33 57 4th May — 27 — 167 194 1st June — 19 1 63 83 30th June — 30 4 69 103 19th July — 14 1 38 53 7 th September — 15 2 124 141 12th October 1 17 1 72 91 2nd November — 15 1 59 75 30th November — 17 3 86 106 6 199 24 767 996 Council's Houses.—During the year the Council erected 178 houses and flats on the Middle Park Estate. A further 102 houses were in course of erection there.
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The total number of dwellings on the Council's new estates at the end of the year was 4,322. This figure is made up as follows:— Number of Houses. Page Estate 2,306 Middle Park Estate (including Horn Park) 1,962 Timbercroft Lane 54 4,322 64 Increase of Rent and Mortgage Interest (Restrictions) Acts.—No applications for certificates under the provisions of the above were received. Tents and Vans.—By-laws regulating the use of these were made by the Council in 1903. All tents and vans (which are few in number) were inspected regularly, and steps were taken to ensure that the by-laws were being observed. The total number of inspections made was 25.
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Houses Let in Lodgings.—No register is now kept of houses let in lodgings, but as the records of this Department in respect of individual houses are kept on cards, such houses are kept prominently before the district sanitary inspectors by means of "signals" on the cards, which serve as reminders to the inspectors that they are dealing with houses that would formerly have been registered. During the year 226 inspections of such houses were made. Common Lodging Houses.—These are licensed annually by the Borough Council in accordance with the provisions of the Public Health (London) Act, 1936. The number of inspections made during the year was 96. The following Table No. 34 shows details of the accommodation available in each common lodging house in the Borough. TABLE No. 34. Premises. Accommodation Men.
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60, Beresford Street 50 50, Woolwich High Street 22 93, Woolwich High Street 24 102, Woolwich High Street 22 4, Rope Yard Rails 15 7, Rope Yard Rails 24 10, Rope Yard Rails 51 10a and 11, Rope Yard Rails 62 21 and 21a, Rope Yard Rails 42 312 Clearance Areas.—The first representation in the present campaign against unhealthy areas was made by me in 1933, and up to the end of 1938, 71 representations in all had been made. At the end of 1937 all stages, including demolition, had been completed in the case of 26 areas. All of these have been reported on in previous annual reports. 65 The steps taken by the Borough Council and the situation at the end of the year in each of the remaining 45 areas represented by me since 1933 are 8e^ ou^ in the following pages.
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They are arranged in two sections:—(a) these dealt with by clearance order only, or by clearance order in the first instance, and (ty those dealt with by compulsory purchase order. The numbers indicate the seqence of the representations. (a) The first section includes the following areas:— (19). Kates Place and Albert Road.—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 21 houses was confirmed in 1936. At the end of 1937 all the houses had been demolished. The Council subsequently decided to purchase the land comprised in the area and were able to do so by agreement with the exception of the site of Nos. 1.9, Kates Place, where it was not possible to agree terms with the freeholder. In December, 1937, the Council decided to acquire this site by means of a Compulsory Purchase Order in accordance with the powers contained in Section 32 of the Housing Act, 1936.
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A Ministry of Health Inquiry was held on the 21st March, 1938, and the Compulsory Purchase Order was confirmed by the Minister without modification on the 25th June, 1938. (20) Anne's Place.—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 4 houses was confirmed in 1936. As the owner did not take any steps to demolish, the Council decided in 1938 to proceed on his default. Subsequently they acquired the site by agreement. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished. (24) Salisbury Cottages, Plumstead High Street.—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 6 houses was confirmed in 1936. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished. (27) Pound Place.—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 8 houses was confirmed in 1937. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished.
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(30) Wilmount Street (No. 3).—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 4 houses was confirmed in 1937. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished. (32) Beaconsfield Cottages and Majendie Road.—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 3 houses was confirmed in 1937. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished. (33) Brookhill Road (No. 1).—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 3 houses was confirmed in 1937. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished. (34) Brookhill Road (No. 2).—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 11 houses was confirmed in 1937. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished.
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66 (35) Charlotte Place (now Evins Place).—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 6 houses v-as confirmed in 1937. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolish (9J) Godfrey Road and Woodrow.—A Clearance Order in respect of this area o# i7 houses was confirmed in 1937. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished. In December, 1937, the Council resolved to purchase the land comprised in the area together with certain adjoining land and in July, 1938, decided to utilise a portion of the site for the erection of six non-parlour type houses for the rehousing of occupiers of unfit houses. (37) Churchfield Estate (No. 1).-—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 14 houses was confirmed in 1937, one house being excluded from the Order. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished.
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(38) Elizabeth Terrace.—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 6 houses was confirmed in 1937. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished. (39) Lakedale Road.—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 3 houses was confirmed in 1937. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been vacated. (40) Jackson Street (No. 1).—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 6 houses was confirmed in 1937. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished. (41) Jackson Street (No. 2).—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 7 houses was confirmed in 1937. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished. (42) Graydon Street.—A Clearance Order in respect of this area of 5 houses was confirmed in 1937.
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At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished. (43) Court Yard.—This area consisting of 11 houses was represented by me to the Council as an unhealthy area on the 8th July, 1937, and the Council made a Clearance Order on the 28th September, 1937. The Order was unopposed, and after inspection the Minister confirmed the Order without modification on the 27th June, 1938. At the end of 1938 all the houses had been demolished. (44) Sandy Hill Avenue.—This area consisting of 19 houses was represented by me to the Council as an unhealthy area on the 8th July, 1937, and the Council made a Clearance Order on the 28th September, 1937. A Ministry of Health Inquiry was held on the 14th December, 1937, and the Clearance Order was confirmed by the Minister, without modification, on the 27th June, 1938.
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The Minister directed payments to be made in respect of two of the houses as being well-maintained houses. At the end of the year 9 houses had been vacated. 67 (45) Walmer Terrace.—This area consisting of 15 houses was represented by me to the Council as an unhealthy area on the 8th July, 1937, and the Council made a Clearance Order on the 28th September, 1937. A Ministry of Health Inquiry was held on the 14th December, 1937, and the Order was confirmed by the Minister on the 25th November, 1938, modified by the exclusion of 4 houses known as Walmer Terrace, Nos. 11, 12, 13 and 14. on undertakings offered by the owners to carry out to the satisfaction of the Council such works as are necessary for re-conditioning the property.