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230bc87a-62bc-40f7-a2db-0b2e83ab3c48 | Breast 82.5 69.5 53.0 46.8 28.4 34.9 31.2 18.7 22.3 45.8 — — — 36.7 Breast and hand 6.1 12.0 21.4 30.3 17.8 10.8 8.7 7.5 26.3 15.3 28.8 4.5 2.0 14.6 Hand 11.3 18.4 25.5 22.8 53.8 54.3 60.0 73.7 51.3 38.8 71.2 95.5 98.0 48.7 34 Artificial Sunlight Clinic.—The artificial sunlight clinic is held in part of the Town Hall Infant Welfare Centre. |
f22ef655-9cbd-4695-84e8-865c718deb1d | The total number of patients treated during the year, including 172 whose course of treatment was not completed at the end of 1934, was 446. The total number of treatments given was 10,203: of these, 8,642 were by carbon arc, 1,185 by mercury vapour lamp, and 376 by radiant heat lamp. The Clinic is under the medical supervision of Dr. J. E. A. Lynham, who has furnished the following report on the year's work:— "Thanks to the efficient work of the medical assistants and the staff, the Sunlight Clinic has continued to give good results in treatment. Constant touch is kept with other sections of the Health Department, and cases which seem to require a specialist are always referred for opinion and such therapeutic measures as are advised. The figures as a whole are similar to those of former years, with the gratifying exception that the numbers cured or much improved have relatively increased. |
7cb742e6-7068-4141-b613-247c929f306e | The largest group is still that including general debility and malnutrition inevitable in a district where many people are poor. The improvement shown in a large majority of these is satisfactory. Cases of rickets are still seen, but these seem to come at an earlier stage and respond better, as the figures show. All cases with enlarged glands are given general as well as local treatment, and of these 23 out of 29 were much improved or cured. Improvement was noticed also in all of the expectant mothers who attended regularly." A successful issue in the treatment of children by artificial sunlight can only be obtained when there is regular attendance over a requisite period. The Old Town Hall, central though it may be for many purposes, is a long way from Eltham and still further from New Eltham. |
067236af-2c84-44a8-8ff3-dd2ccf7b8f2a | It is from the welfare centres in these areas that many patients are recommended for artificial sunlight treatment, and it has been found that the regular attendance of such children at the Woolwich clinic involves a strain on time in travelling and family purse, which many mothers are unable to bear. In consequence after the first few attendances treatment ceases. For this reason the Maternity and Child Welfare Committee have decided that as soon as a convenient site is available they will recommend the Council to provide facilities for artificial sunlight treatment at Eltham. 35 The following Table, No. 12, shows the number of cases and conditions treated during the year:— TABLE No. 12. Cases treated at Sunlight Clinic, 1935. Brought forward from 1934. New Cases. Total. Much Improved or Cured. Improved. I.S.Q. Ceased Treatment. Treatment not yet complete Rickets 36 52 88 36 26 7 19 23 Anaemia, |
1481ebcb-0e59-4455-8460-2b6809375a39 | Debility and Mulnutrition 78 162 240 87 75 13 65 69 Catarrhal Children 14 20 34 13 8 3 10 11 Septic Conditions 2 — 2 2 — — — — Nervous Children 4 5 9 3 4 — 2 1 Enlarged Glands 14 15 29 13 10 3 3 4 Miscellaneous Nervous Conditions 1 1 2 1 — — 1 — Miscellaneous Skin Conditions 5 3 8 4 — — 4 — Other Conditions 11 3 14 9 3 — 2 5 Mothers 7 13 20 8 10 1 1 3 172 274 446 176 136 27 107 116 Toddlers' Clinic.—The routine medical examination of toddlers is now an integral part of the Council's Maternity and Child Welfare Scheme. |
b668a81f-80dc-4992-8e5a-73f1f7ad748a | Children are examined in their birthday month, aged 2 years, 3 years and 4 years. Those requiring observation are called up for review at intervals of a few months, and those requiring treatment are told how to obtain it. All those who require further observation or treatment are "followed up" by the Health Visitors. The examinations follow the lines of the school medical examinations and are recorded in the same way. The record cards, however, have been slightly modified in order to deal with special points of importance in the care and comfort of the toddler. 36 Three sessions are held weekly—one at the Old Town Hall, Woolwich, one at Plumstead Health Centre, and one at Eltham Health Centre. These sessions are under the medical charge of Dr. Margaret Emslie, and she reports below on the year's working. |
3a8a1b66-95cf-4ae6-ae58-1b46854a5792 | In the year under review a slight extension of the service has taken place in that two or three toddlers are so examined each morning session at New Eltham by one of the Assistant Medical Officers. Dr. Emslie's report follows:— "The total number of full inspections is increased this year (1314 as compared with 1,145 in 1934 and 1,105 in 1933), and 505 additional attendances were made as re-inspections. Once more the figures for the nutrition of the children are satisfactory in themselves and show a continuance of the improvement gradually making itself felt in previous years. 61 per cent. were marked as of excellent nutrition; 28 percent. of good, or normal, as compared with 53 per cent. and 35.5 percent. in 1934, and 42 per cent. and 41 per cent. in 1933, the trend obviously being towards the higher standard. |
c1352a74-11dc-49a7-9d03-9fc1b12b030f | The rate for subnormal nutrition has declined in a corresponding manner from 16 per cent. in 1933 and 11 per cent. in 1934 to 10 per cent. this year, and for serious malnutrition the figures are almost too small to show as a percentage (0.2 per cent.). Admitting the essential weakness of such computations as evidence, and the fallibility of external observations only, the tendency towards improvement noted since the first inspections were made is nevertheless consistent and worthy of remark. Anaemia and rickets as accessory conditions relating to the nutritional state both show improvement on the figures previously noted. Anaemia (as assessed clinically) has declined from 17 per cent. (1933) and 21 per cent. (1934) to 14 per cent. and rickets from 30 per cent. (1933 and 1934) to 18 per cent., the first yielding shown in this figure since the clinic started. |
7698c4bb-2d65-436f-ae2f-33a3e60451d4 | It is to be hoped the decline is of some significance and may mark the starting point of a falling curve. Passing to certain special symptoms that have received attention in previous reports, the figure for 'behaviour symptoms' amounts this year to the equivalent of 18 per cent. of the total children examined. But this is a total of symptoms, not of children, and more than one symptom was undoubtedly noted in a number of children and sometimes several such evidences of disturbance. For the assessing of disturbed children it would indeed be odd to assume anything less than the presence of a number of disturbed symptoms, viewed and assessed in relation to each other. Each one of these, however, 37 would have its individual interest and be worth observing at any given stage as a warning of potential significance for the future. It is from such observations of individual symptoms that the totals shown in the table are made. The figure 18 per cent. |
e8b80b3b-9184-4035-b1c8-ab3b0ffb6031 | is therefore extremely generous and must not be taken to represent the number of children that at any given time might be estimated to require treatment, or even unusual lines of management. To the figure, however, should be added some proportion of the 6.5 per cent. enuresis cases, a group which has in the last two years been separately recorded (under genitourinary conditions), and which must comprise both behaviouristic and organic cases. Of this group, however, more than half again occurs amongst the two year olds, and at that age enuresis during the night while worth observing (and in individuals always worth recording) can hardly be put down as pathological. A large number of these cases (or symptoms) are simply circumstantial, seen at their best in the only child and big interval families (c.f. |
ba61d28a-7af4-48de-a6c4-10b4a276738d | Annual Report, 1931), and in the course of time yield to a happier play of circumstance —as for example in the instances cited when the children go to school, acquire normal companionship, form their own social contacts and find worthy outlets for their manifold energies. The truth of this is abundantly seen in the fact that 50 per cent. of the total behaviour symptoms are noted at the age of two (a stage when they are not pathological developments, when they are nothing but fingers pointing a possible way) and by the ages of three and four, when a majority of the children now fortunately are able to go to school, the percentage has already by natural forces halved itself. Nothing could be a clearer indication of the foolishness of placing too much weight on these symptoms as pathological entities—as social tendencies and indications they are real enough—or treating them by precipitate and exaggerated methods by anything more than normalising so far as possible the surroundings and social contacts of the child than this spontaneous tendency of the problem to diminish and solve itself. |
f44c0356-74a5-4685-bc3f-79ddad43047f | Further, the marked change in the attitude of parents towards school for their pre-school age children that has occurred since the facilities were provided (in the interval since the 1931 report was written), is the best testimonial possible to the success of these provisions and the best augury for happier times for the lonely and difficult child in the future. The figures for symptoms themselves have come tumbling down in the last three years in a manner which would excite the frankest scepticism were it not that the great majority of the total toddlers' examinations are still carried out by the same observer, and she at least is certain that she has not slackened her standards nor begun to omit recording symptoms. The figures for dental caries have been recorded this year with some endeavour at precision in regard to the amount of damage present. The total figure shows a slight diminution, 22 per cent. of cases as compared with 24 per cent. last year and 25 per cent. |
94b56f2f-a3b0-4056-b8b7-078dcb1ea2c3 | in 1933, but the figure for caries at the age of two years has relapsed from 3.5 per cent. of cases in 1934 to 6.7 per cent. In 1933 this figure was 9 per cent. so that last year's improvement was illusory 38 or at least evanescent. At the age of three, the incidence of caries this year is 19 per cent., compared with 27 per cent. in 1934 and 28 per cent. in 1933; and at four years 44 per cent., compared with 48 per cent. in 1934 and 45 per cent. in 1933. On the whole, therefore, there is a minor improvement throughout the 2—6 period, though the high incidence at the age of four remains obstinate and is disappointing in view of the facilities for early detection of defects that are provided and of which the parents, as a rule, take willing advantage. |
f18c0fbe-88ce-4a10-8dc3-8a8308767a8d | Analysing the degree of defect now we get further disconcerting figures. Forty per cent. of all children showing caries are found to have two teeth or less involved, 8.5 per cent. have three or four, and 51 per cent. have four or more already gone when they are inspected. Even at the age of two the percentage of defective children showing extensive defect is not much less than the latter average figure for the 2—5 period. Hypoplasia as apart from caries is rioted at that age in 21 per cent.: no doubt caries already covers a number of additional cases of this. These are macroscopic observations only, but they go to show that the developmental element in caries is probably important—as some laboratory research has shown—-and that the majority of children who are going to have faulty teeth in their first dentition have the defect already well established by the age of two years. |
683158e1-c8f0-4fad-8ee3-e50eca2de444 | Prevention, therefore, more than ever is the watchword since it is evident that treatment cannot overtake the effects of a bad beginning. The figures for children showing enlarged tonsils and/or adenoids remains high (50 per cent.), but the operation figure is low, under 3 per cent., a figure lower than we have shown before and very much lower than the percentage of operation cases shown by certain other authorities. It must be remembered that each case is assessed individually on its merits and not from the point of view of statistics; that treatment also should be not merely therapeutic but preventive—preventive of further damage that might be incurred should diseased tonsils remain in situ or adenoids obstruct the nasal airway and invite infections of the sinuses communicating with the nose or of the ear. The small rate of operation cases would be no matter for congratulation if the same children not operated on now were to fall victim after some short interval—say soon after attendance at school—to symptoms requiring emergency treatment of the nose and throat. |
1b0bb538-b5fd-4679-a4e6-41ba91b69a58 | This point of view, naturally, has to be continually kept in mind when deciding whether enlargement of the tonsils matters or not; and it is given very earnest consideration in each case. It is to be hoped, therefore, that the freedom from symptoms and absence of secondary signs of infection (such as catarrhs, deafness and seriously enlarged glands) which has led to the great majority of cases being put down for observation only, will stand them in good stead at a later date. It should be said further in the same connection that 30 per cent. of children showed definite enlargement of anterior or posterior cervical glands, 39 often found to have partially subsided on re-examination. Each case in which the enlargement seemed suspicious—apart from frank co-existing infection of the nose and throat—was sent to the Tuberculosis Officer for examination, and many were submitted to the intradermal tuberculin test. |
7e79a38a-ddfa-4dd7-a2ca-5c7a7996b321 | In only two cases during the year, however, was the evidence such as to cause a diagnosis of tuberculous glands to be made. Of the cases showing deformity due to rickets or postural conditions and deformities due to other causes, 9 per cent. were referred for special advice under the Council's scheme (advice re shoes, exercises, etc.) and one-half of these were sent on further to see the orthopaedic specialist of the Invalid Children's Aid Association. Of the 42 cases in which squint was found—a condition now put under active treatment at a very early age—it was interesting to note that 4 cases had already been placed under treatment and supplied with glasses by their parents before coming under the observation of the clinic. The other matters in the report are mostly self-explanatory and do not call for special comment. The assessment of alimentary defects is not complete and cases of constipation have been set aside for more careful recording and analysis next year. |
03bdecb6-0ca3-4bfe-b207-8aeda9078269 | With an eye to the future, it might be as well perhaps to record once more the advantages that would accrue, if an arrangement could be organised for checking up the observations made in regard to anemia and rickets (serious social scourges as these are) by suitable methods of laboratory analysis." The findings at the toddlers' inspection clinics are summarised in the following Table:— TABLE No. 13. Medical Inspection of Toddlers, 1935. Disease, Defect or Condition. BOYS. Age last Birthday. GIRLS. Age last Birthday. 2 3 4 2 3 4 Total. |
5d7097e0-52e6-4f72-b801-d8248c5aa18c | Total Children Examined 270 183 206 238 212 205 1,314 Nutrition— (a) Excellent 185 102 77 184 148 109 805 (b) Normal 71 58 76 46 54 68 373 (c) Sub-normal 14 22 51 8 10 28 133 (d) Bad — 1 2 — — — 3 Muscular Tone— (a) Excellent 120 119 170 131 157 157 854 (b) Good 144 64 32 103 55 47 445 (c) Poor 6 — 4 4 — 1 15 40 Medical Inspection of Toddlers, 1935—continued. Disease, Defect or Condition. BOYS. Age last Birthday. GIRLS. Age last Birthday. |
3d6dcf0e-30d4-49f3-b1bb-daaeafd4f54e | 2 3 4 2 3 4 Total Clothing and Footgear— (a) Good 262 178 201 230 207 199 1,277 (b) Fair 8 5 5 8 5 6 37 Cleanliness— (a) Excellent 245 170 198 220 206 198 1,237 (b) Fair 25 13 8 18 6 7 77 (c) Dirty — — — — — — — Heart and Circulation— (a) Functional Conditions 52 33 43 19 37 39 223 (b) Organic Heart Disease — 1 — 1 — — 2 Anaemia 31 20 25 40 33 37 186 Respiratory System— Bronchitis 9 7 9 7 4 16 52 Asthma — 1 1 — 1 1 4 Other Diseases — — 2 — — — 2 Nervous System— Behaviour Symptoms |
b7595c47-a55e-402f-9fea-fc33cd4956c4 | 51 21 19 44 28 26 189 Minor Retardation 38 4 7 22 8 2 81 Mongolism — — — 1 1 — 2 Alimentary System— Worms 2 3 2 2 5 5 19 Acidosis Attacks — 2 3 — 2 1 8 Others 1 1 1 — 2 — 5 Genito-Urinary System— Enuresis and Frequency 28 8 6 19 19 5 85 Other Conditions 2 — 1 — 1 — 4 Skin Conditions— Infective Skin Conditions 4 2 2 6 5 4 23 Urticaria 3 3 — 3 3 1 13 Eczema 4 — — 3 — 1 8 Ichthyosis 3 2 2 — 1 — 8 Other Diseases 2 — — 2 2 1 7 Eye |
9f372099-f4a9-4333-ba3b-9692370b664e | Defects and Infections— Squint 7 9 10 7 6 3 42 Blepharitis 3 1 3 3 4 — 14 Conjunctivitis — 2 — 2 1 — 5 Ear Conditions— Otorrhoea, etc. 8 1 5 4 4 8 30 Teeth— Caries 18 30 100 16 46 83 293 Malocclusion 26 6 6 21 17 — 76 Hypoplasia 4 2 7 3 2 1 19 Rickets— (Cases clinically considered as showing definite evidence of Rachitis) 60 38 47 37 23 31 236 41 Medical Inspection of Toddlers, 1935—continued. Disease, Defect or Condition. BOYS. Age last Birthday. GIRLS. Age last Birthday 2 3 4 2 3 4 Total |
bb357bfc-ef1d-49c7-9ecd-66548ccef9d9 | Other Diseases and Defects Rheumatism — 2 2 2 1 1 8 Tuberculous Glands — — — — 1 1 2 Hypopituitarism — 1 — — 1 — 2 Other diseases 1 I 2 — 4 3 11 Nose and Throat— Enlarged Tonsils Enlarged Tonsils and Adenoids 147 95 105 95 107 116 665 Adenoids Enlarged Glands— Tonsillar 63 53 61 37 50 61 325 Posterior Cervical 26 17 20 17 24 27 131 Development Conditions— Umbilical Hernia 3 1 — 2 3 2 11 Inguinal Hernia — 1 — — 1 1 3 Naevus 2 1 — 4 2 — 9 Others 1 1 1 3 Provision of Maternity Outfits. |
42d19735-52b1-4ded-8a60-635a9f542622 | —In 1930 the Council agreed to supply sterilised maternity outfits for the use of necessitous mothers in order to ensure the necessary cleanliness in domestic midwifery and with a view to minimising the risks of maternity. They are supplied free, half cost, or cost price, according to the family income, the Council's economic circumstances scales being used as tests of necessity. During the year 103 applications were received: 96 were supplied —66 free, 13 at half cost, and 17 at cost price. Compensation to Midwives.—Whenever an assistant medical officer finds it necessary to recommend hospital treatment for expectant mothers referred to the Council's ante-natal clinics for ante-natal examination by midwives, the midwife loses her patient if the mother accepts the advice of the medical officer and is admitted to hospital. In these cases the Council make a payment of 10s. |
96ff7da9-59c5-43cf-99e3-5684849ef000 | by way of compensation to the midwife subject to certain conditions, which are referred to in detail in my Annual Report for 1931, being complied with. During the year compensation was paid in seven instances. Payment of Midwives' Fees.—During the year the appropriate Committee of the Council decided that the Maternity and Child Welfare Scheme should be enlarged by adding a provision guaranteeing the payment of midwives' fees where such appeared to be necessary or desirable, and authorised the Medical Officer of Health, if he was satisfied that the interests of an expectant mother were not prejudiced thereby, to make a payment not exceeding 25s. in respect of any one confinement, subject to the presentation of a report to the Committee. No payments were made during the year. 42 Administration of the Public Health (Puerperal Fever and Puerperal Pyrexia) Regulations, 1926.—The Council's Scheme for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions provides for the services of a consultant—Mr. |
2322e8e2-bee2-4777-959e-8422c5bf6e93 | H. G. Taylor, F.R.C.S.—for the provision of nursing assistance, for hospital treatment in the County Council's hospitals, and for bacteriological examination where necessary. The extent to which it has been made use of has been reported on in that part of the Infectious Diseases Section of the Report which deals with the notification of these diseases each year since 1927. Obstetric Complications in Private Practice.—In September, 1931, the Council arranged for the services of Mr. H. G. Taylor, F.R.C.S., the Council's Consultant under the Puerperal Fever and Puerperal Pyrexia Regulations, to be available in such exceptional cases, and to pay him a fee of £5 5s. 0d. for each case. No case was dealt with under this scheme during the year. Home Helps.—In 1929 the Council established a scheme for the supply of home helps, in order to deal with what appears to be a very apparent need. |
b0ff8383-bf35-459a-bace-cd8d11e85c0c | In the early years the service was little used. It may be that there is among many mothers an unwillingness to accept someone else into their home; it may be that there is a want of mutual confidence, or a feeling of distrust. Anyhow this service grew slowly, although it was part of it that the mother in certain cases should be allowed to nominate her home help, subject to the approval of the Medical Officer of Health. In 1934 there were 40 occasions on which a home help was supplied, but in 1935 there were 86 applications, and 80 home helps were provided. The total cost of the service was £264 3s. 6d. Treatment of Minor Ailments.—Children requiring medical or surgical treatment for certain minor ailments are referred to the School Clinics at Brewer Street, Woolwich, or at the Eltham and Plumstead Health Centres; to a private practitioner or to a hospital. |
ea0c5e58-2358-407d-906b-86862ff96054 | During the year 309 children were sent to these clinics and for each case the Council paid 5s. 0d. Spectacles have been provided under this scheme at an additional cost to the Council. TABLE No. 14. Brewer Street. Eltham. Plumstead. Impetigo 9 24 14 Ear Discharge 21 27 28 Eyes 50 33 28 Miscellaneous 9 49 17 89 133 87 43 Dental Treatment.—Mothers and children requiring dental treatment are referred from the Welfare Centres to the School Clinics at Brewer Street, Woolwich, at Westhorne Avenue, Eltham, and at Plumstead High Street. This service, which had been established at Woolwich for many years, was extended to Eltham in 1932 and to Plumstead in 1933. There are three sessions per month at Woolwich, two per month at Plumstead, and two per month at Eltham. |
c12d059e-fd63-4757-b0b2-58c2cd230efe | The following Table, No. 15, shows the cases attending and the total attendances during the year. The number of sessions was 87 including anaesthetic days. TABLE No. 15. Expectant Mothers. Nursing Mothers. Children under 5. No. Attendances. No. Attendances. No. Attendances. Woolwich 133 226 54 100 121 128 Eltham — — — — 141 228 Plumstead — — — — 120 181 133 226 54 100 382 537 Dentures are provided free, at part cost, or at cost price, according to the ability to pay, and payment is spread over many weeks. In consequence, the income received during the year includes money received in respect of dentures supplied in previous years. Thirty-one sets (complete or partial) of artificial teeth were supplied during the year at a total cost of £144 2s. 0d. |
5fc118dd-8f37-4f25-be80-e938964233f9 | Payments by mothers amounted to £74 3s. 6d. Orthopaedic Treatment for Children under Five Years of Age.— Children requiring orthopaedic treatment are referred to the remedial clinic of the Woolwich Invalid Children's Aid Association. The Council pay for children under five years of age sent by their medical officers to the clinic, 2s. 0d. per attendance for cases requiring massage or electrical treatment and 1s. 6d. per attendance for any other form of treatment. The cost of these services for the year was £168 6s. 6d. Only cases recommended by the Medical Officer of Health are included in this scheme, and payment is only made for the number of attendances 44 approved by him. Excluding 106 children where wedges only were necessary and 31 others where temporary splinting only was required, the children referred to the clinic required treatment for the following conditions:— TABLE No. 16. |
2ee09216-dcc8-4270-a4b8-5c99dfc48035 | Cases Treated at Orthopaedic Clinic, 1935. Type of Case. Number remaining over from 1934. New Cases. Total Cases. Number who completed treatment by end of year. Number with treatment not completed. |
bc660bf6-3578-47b6-97ed-2abd40fa71a0 | Talipes (Club Foot) 2 9 11 7 4 Talipes (Flat Foot) 1 6 7 7 — Rickets— General 4 11 15 12 3 Genu Valgum (Knock Knee) 3 50 53 45 8 Genu Varum (Bow Leg) 7 35 42 38 4 Infantile Paralysis — 1 1 — 1 Bad Posture 1 5 6 6 — Muscular Weakness — 7 7 5 2 Mouth Breathing 1 4 5 3 2 Torticollis — 11 11 7 4 Injuries — 1 1 1 — Other Deformities — 2 2 2 — Other Diseases 1 5 6 3 3 20 147 167 136 31 Provision of Nursing Assistance.—In Section I. of the Report the general scheme of nursing assistance is described in full. |
fe415acf-efd7-4587-b2ba-64e2c71dca7f | The extent to which this service has been made use of in respect of specific diseases is fully reported on in the appropriate portions of the Infectious Diseases' Section of the Report. In addition grants were made to the nursing associations in respect of 44 children treated for thread-worms at approximately tenpence per visit, amounting in all to £18. Day Ambulance.—In March of this year the London County Council decided that, as from 1st April, 1935, the London Ambulance Service would be available, without charge, throughout the day and night, for the conveyance from any address within the County of London to hospitals or municipal institutions within the County of parturient women who have made arrangements for their admission to such hospital or municipal institution. 45 The removal is undertaken subject to the following conditions:— (1) The patient must have in her possession an ambulance card issued by the Council, a supply of which will be forwarded to each hospital or institution. |
d9d872a0-c3ba-4775-aebe-664b3f24796f | (2) The patient must be accompanied by a doctor, nurse or female friend. (3) The patient must be wrapped in blankets ready for her removal when the ambulance arrives. This extension of facilities which hitherto had only been available between the hours of 11 p.m. and 8 a.m., does not affect the procedure to be adopted in urgent cases, i.e., cases attended by a doctor or midwife in which hospital treatment may become a matter of urgency. In these cases an ambulance can always be obtained without charge on application by telephone, but the patient must be accompanied to hospital by a doctor or midwife. In consequence of this resolution the agreement with the London County Council by which the Council hired ambulances for this purpose during the day from the London County Council automatically terminated. In the first quarter of the year, however, the day ambulance was supplied in three cases. |
9e47807c-42f8-4146-9459-bb370d7bed00 | Children's Beds.—Twelve beds have been reserved by the Council in the Woolwich War Memorial Hospital for the treatment of children under 5 years of age suffering from such conditions as are usually admitted to general or children's Hospitals. Including those remaining in hospital at the beginning of the year, the number of children who received treatment during the year was 173. Of these 158 were discharged cured or very much improved in health, 6 were discharged as improved, and 3 died. No children were transferred to other hospitals, 2 others were discharged showing no improvement, and the number remaining in hospital at the end of the year was 4. |
737afc5e-c601-4d1a-acb5-d71b301dca36 | The surgical conditions for which these children were admitted included:- enlarged tonsils and adenoids, phimosis, hernia, injury, pyloric stenosis, cleft palate, dermoid cyst, cervical adenitis, etc., and those admitted for medical treatment included children suffering from prematurity, malnutrition, pneumonia, bronchitis, diarrhoea, vomiting, enuresis and pemphigus, etc. Some children were admitted for observation. Institutional Midwifery.—(1) British Hospital for Mothers and Babies.— I There are 42 beds in this hospital, and I am informed by Miss Gregory, the Secretary of the Hospital, that 794 babies were born during the year. At the ante-natal clinics in connection with this hospital, 8,669 attendances were made, and at the infant clinics, 2,773 attendances. In addition there were 180 extern cases. |
1ce97017-2c4a-43f1-890e-ac1024d79ff4 | The number of mothers admitted under the Council's scheme was 145, the nett cost to the Council being £943 16s. 0d. 46 (2) War Memorial Hospital.—There are 7 maternity beds in this hospital, and I am indebted to Mr. R. S. G. Hutchings, the Secretary, for the following information regarding the admissions to the maternity unit during the year. The number of children born in the hospital was 206, and 31 mothers were admitted for ante-natal or emergency treatment. The number of attendances at the antenatal clinic was 1,433. The number of mothers admitted under the Council's scheme was 61, the nett cost to the Council being £444 14s. 6d. Ante-Natal Treatment and Emergencies.—The number of cases admitted for ante-natal or emergency treatment under the Council's scheme was 3. The reasons for admission were albuminuria 2 and vaginal prolapse 1. |
c454b937-59c8-41ed-b3d6-777ecdc3bf56 | Convalescent Home Treatment for Children under 5 Years of Age.— The necessary arrangements for this are made by the Woolwich Invalid Children's Aid Association to whom the Council give grants-in-aid for this purpose. During the year such grants were made in respect of 105 children, the total cost of whose convalescent treatment amounted to £675 13s. 2d. The Council's grants amounted to £200. The children were sent away for periods varying from 3 to 24 weeks, and payment was only made in respect of children sent to homes approved by the Medical Officer of Health. Convalescent Home Treatment for Expectant and Nursing Mothers.— In June, 1931, the Council decided to make provision under their maternity and child welfare scheme for the convalescent treatment of expectant and nursing mothers. The scheme included payment of railway fares where necessary. It was resolved also to recover some of the cost from patients after consideration of each case on its merits. |
25db9d1a-ae02-4bc6-9d79-06f911728146 | During the year 2 mothers were so admitted to convalescent homes. During the year the Council learned from the Association of Maternity and Child Welfare Centres that they were in treaty with a charitable Trust which has considerable funds to be applied to the building and equipment of convalescent homes, with a view to opening one at Staplehurst, Kent, for ten convalescent mothers with their babies under one year of age, and eight convalescent children without their mothers, aged one to five years. Before the Association could secure a grant they had to satisfy the Trustees that the beds would be fully occupied, and they asked if this Council would be prepared to make use of this accommodation. It was proposed that patients should be received at the following rates:- 25s. per week for a mother and breast-fed baby; 30s. per week for a mother and bottle-fed baby, and 15s. per week for a toddler. The travelling expenses for each patient would be the only extra charge. |
64466549-54c5-454d-96a2-dfd5823025d2 | The Council agreed to co-operate in this scheme. 47 Supply of Milk, etc., to Necessitous Mothers and Children.—Under the provisions of the Maternity and Child Welfare Act, 1918, milk, etc., is provided by the Council for necessitous expectant and nursing mothers and children under the age of five years. In the administration of this service, economic circumstances scales have been adopted by the Council and revised from time to time. In May they were revised and are now as set out below:— No. in Family. Free Per head. Half-cost Per head. s. d. s. d. 1 14 0 16 0 2 12 0 14 0 3 10 0 12 0 4 9 0 10 0 5 8 0 9 0 6 and over 7 0 8 0 after deduction of rent only. |
bffdce67-c81e-496b-9402-2028e6f71678 | In 1934 the Council agreed to co-operate with the London County Council with regard to the supply of extra nourishment to maternity cases where domiciliary relief was being granted by the County Council. The scheme was subsequently enlarged to include delicate children whose parents were in receipt of out-relief. It was anticipated that when the Unemployment Assistance Board assumed responsibility for the grant of assistance to certain persons within the scope of Part 2 of the Unemployment Act, 1934, it would affect the scheme of co-operation to a considerable extent, but in point of fact it did not do so. At the end of the year it was estimated that the amount due from the London County Council in respect of extra nourishment was £433, compared with £353 in part of the previous year. The approximate cost of the supply of milk, etc., to necessitous mothers and children, excluding any payments due by the London County Council, was as follows :— Dried Milk, £2,000 15s. 0d. |
05a11c5b-ceee-439c-93e5-bd8542802c93 | ; Fresh Milk, £2 5s. 0d.; Dinners, Nil. Blind Persons Act, 1920.—The Council, at the request of the London County Council, have arranged that home visiting of blind children under five years of age should be carried out by the Council's health visitors. Reports are furnished to the County Council, as the occasion arises, when the home conditions are unsuitable for blind children or it is advisable that the child should be admitted to a suitable institution. During the year no new cases came to the knowledge of the department. Widows', Orphans' and Old Age Contributory Pensions Act, 1925.— The local authority may, in case of desertion of a child who is an orphan, administer the payments on behalf of the child. No case under the provisions of this Act was dealt with during the year. 48 SECTION IV. SANITARY ADMINISTRATION. |
2cb445e2-c50e-4836-a514-5f5c6ac697ae | Staff.—At the end of the year there were on the staff of the Sanitary Section of the Department, one Chief Sanitary Inspector, twelve male inspectors and three part-time female inspectors. This is an increase of two. Seven male inspectors were engaged wholly on district work, two wholly on food inspection, one on inspection of shops and food premises, one in charge of disinfection and disinfestation and one on special housing work. The three part-time female inspectors were engaged partly on health visiting and partly on sanitary inspection. Water Supply.—The Metropolitan Water Board is responsible for the water supply of the Borough, and no complaints were received as to the quality of the water supply during the year. Drainage .—Practically every house in the Borough is connected with the water carriage system for the disposal of sewage. The exceptions are in the outlying parts of Eltham. |
42d04ce5-b18d-4783-8d6c-9912f64cfb7d | The number of cesspools at the end of the year was 18, 10 of which were in Plumstead and 8 in Eltham. The inspection of new drainage and of extensive reconstruction of old systems is carried out by the Borough Engineer, but in all other cases alterations are supervised by the Sanitary Inspectors. During the year, 59 complaints were received regarding the defective action of combined drains; on investigation, 267 houses in all were found to be affected. In all systems, except five, the obstruction was of a temporary character. In 14 instances choked interceptors were found. Costs recovered from the owners amounted to £1 19s. 0d. |
dd74fc8a-04cf-46c6-8963-5aeee75adf7f | In the following 5 instances reconstruction was necessary, and the work was carried out by the owners after the service of notices:— 101-105, Parkdale Road; 14-32, Roydene Road; 120-124, Woolwich High Street; 70-71, Warwick Street; 312-322, Wickham Lane; 95-105, Genesta Road. Six single private drains were cleared at the request of the owners from whom the costs, amounting to £1, were recovered. Condition of the River Thames.—During the summer months the Thames was again offensive, and as in 1934, this was the subject of complaints, not only from individuals, but also from the Woolwich Chamber of Commerce. London sewage effluent is discharged into the river from two main outfalls belonging to the London County Council, one on the north side near Barking Creek, and the other at Crossness, both in close proximity to Woolwich. |
8753d652-8ba1-49a0-a030-fa0d51dd9a46 | The odours which emanate from time to time from the River Thames are a serious nuisance, and representations in this respect were, in August, 1935, once again made to the London County Council. 49 In reply, the Borough Council were informed that the County Council had been doing what they could to prevent any cause of complaint of unpleasant smells from the River Thames so far as the effluent from the Council's main drainage outfalls affected the condition, and that for some time the Council had been giving special and costly treatment to the effluent to render it as satisfactory as possible. The County Council further pointed out that there were other factors which contributed to the state of the river, notably the drought which had adversely affected the position and which had had a prejudicial effect on the condition of the river owing to the considerable reduction of flow. |
c1c57b67-b154-4e20-8594-7cf9cc52904a | Whether this is a sufficient explanation or not, it is quite certain that the Thames would not be so offensive at Woolwich were it not for the fact that the County Council pour 270 million gallons of sewage, most of it inadequately treated, into the river each day, four times as much as reaches the Thames from other authorities above London. Four years from now the County Council will be able to say that they are treating 20 per cent. of London sewage by new plant, which is now being installed, but it is regrettable that the largest public health authority in the country is at the present time discharging its sewage into the river in such a state that during hot weather it produces a serious nuisance to those who live or work in this part of the Metropolis. Removal and Disposal of Refuse.—House refuse is collected and disposed of by direct labour under the control of the Works Department of the Council. Collection is made once weekly, with the exception of a small central area, where a twice weekly collection is made. |
0a6d095e-ae36-4135-85cc-31e143782a42 | All refuse is disposed of by burning at the Council's destructor at White Hart Road, Plumstead. In 1934, the Council decided to improve the efficiency of the method of disposal of refuse at the Destructor by providing a new hopper and refuse handling plant, together with the necessary conveyors, The alterations, including the erection of a new chimney shaft, were completed during the year at a cost of £18,031. In October, the Council decided to adopt a scheme for the salvage of waste paper and to install the necessary apparatus. Offensive trade refuse is removed by contractors, who make their own arrangements with the shopkeepers as to the time and day of removal. The contractors provide air-tight receptacles of a type approved by your Medical Officer of Health, the number of these supplied varying according to the individual requirements of the shop-keepers. |
6376fb55-2312-4918-b6d3-067796395ce4 | The contractors during the year decided to raise the weekly charge for the removal of these tins, and fixed the minimum charge at 1/- per week instead of the old flat rate of 6d. per tin. Inoffensive trade refuse is removed by the Works Department at a charge of five shillings per load, and 2,211 tons of such refuse were removed. 50 Complaints.—During the year, 3,472 complaints of nuisances were made to the Health Department or to the Sanitary Inspectors on the district, and all these were investigated by the Sanitary Inspectors. Notices for the remedy or abatement of the defects or nuisances discovered were served upon the owner or other person responsible under the provisions of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, or the appropriate Sections of the London County Council (General Powers) Acts, or under By-laws. |
2b7fed24-f751-45b9-aab0-4f20dff5cba4 | Sanitary Inspection of the Area.—A summary of the inspections carried out by the sanitary inspectors wll be found in Table No. 17. In connection therewith the number of intimation and statutory notices served was 2,459 and 539 respectively. The statutory notices related to 435 premises and included 416 general, 27 ashpit, 19 water-closet and 34 paving notices. In addition to these notices under the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, 42 notices were served under London County Council (General Powers) Acts and under By-laws, and one under the Rats and Mice (Destruction) Act, 1919. In 92 instances, where owners did not comply with the statutory notices, the Town Clerk was asked to institute proceedings. It was only necessary, however, to issue summonses in three instances, as in all the other cases the necessary steps were taken on receipt of a letter from him. |
4fa51be1-7435-4b40-8e0d-9c6d02422469 | Two of the summonses were not heard until January, 1936. In Table No. 18 will be found a summary of the nuisances abated and defects remedied. TABLE No. 17. Inspections. Housing Survey — Houses Inspected 1,008 Drainage Inspections 1,496 Drains Tested by Smoke Test 383 Clearance Areas — Houses Surveyed 194 Drains Tested by Water Test 43 New Houses 1,279 Complaints Investigated 3,472 Tents and Vans 55 Outworkers' Premises 181 Factories 303 Houses Let in Lodgings 454 Workshops 426 Houses re Infectious Disease 1,086 Workplaces 111 Houses re Smallpox Contacts 33 Shops Act, 1934 704 Houses re Verminous Cases 6, |
f6eb9d70-f094-45c3-bf45-b6bca9c3826c | 997 Theatres and Cinemas 18 Houses re Scabies Cases 128 Rag and Bone Premises 6 Houses re Other Diseases 134 Urinals Accessible to the Public 174 Common Lodging Houses 71 Women's Lavatories 202 Overcrowding Investigated— Rooms - Smoke Observations 16 Special Inspections re Rats 268 Underground Rooms Illegally Occupied 1 Miscellaneous 1,495 Re-Inspections 9,307 51 No figures are shown under overcrowding as this, in accordance with the provisions of the Housing Act, 1935, was the subject of a special survey, the results of which are to be found in the Housing Section of the Report. TABLE No. 18. Nuisances Abated, Cleansing— Sinks Repaired or Provided 252 Interiors Cleansed 891 Wastes Cleansed 15 Rooms Cleansed 1, |
c1837581-e6a9-472f-a72f-cdcb0da3fc54 | 730 Wastes Trapped or Repaired 285 Damp Conditions— Water Closets— Walls 653 Flushing Apparatus Repaired 181 Sites 7 „ „ Renewed 53 Roofs 610 New Pans 253 Rain Water Pipes and Gutters 323 New Traps 242 Others 50 Foul Pans Cleansed by Owner 19 Dilapidations— Occupier 35 Walls 809 Additional W.C.s Provided 8 Ceilings 572 Doors and Fastenings Remedied 49 Floors and Hearths 188 Coppers 88 Dust Bins Provided 429 Stoves 185 Underground Rooms Closed 1 Others 67 Overcrowding—Cases Remedied 17 Verminous Conditions— Water Supply— Rooms Cleansed 1,481 Additional 4 Defective Lighting— Reinstated 12 Windows Repaired 211 Cisterns Cleansed — „ Enlarged 2 „ Covered 14 „ Additional 6 „ Removed 3 Defective Ventilation- Foul Accumulations— Windows Rendered |
ed518c86-3ba4-41b9-a18c-8ce50767e260 | Usable 418 Manure Removed 9 „ Additional Provided 7 Offensive Accumulations Removed 33 Other Means 4 Defective Paving— Back Yards Cleansed 13 Yards Re-paved 150 Dung Pits Provided — „ Repaired 110 Rats— Scullery Floors Re-paved or Repaired 54 Drains Repaired in Consequence 167 House Drains— Premises Rat-proofed 19 Defective Drains Repaired 235 Other Effective Measures 21 Choked Drains Cleared 284 Rag and Bone Premises— Vent Pipes Repaired 51 Premises Cleansed — Soil Pipes Repaired 19 Rain-proof Premises Provided Vermin-proof Conditions — Gullies Fixed 87 New Drainage 14 vided — Rain Water Tanks Repaired - Miscellaneous 18 „ „ „ Abolished 2 52 Shops Act, 1934.—The Act deals mainly with the employment of shop assistants under eighteen years of age and with the arrangements in shops and warehouses for the health and comfort of workers. |
dfe12e12-6f22-4160-acb6-bb7fb0367c91 | The Council in their capacity as sanitary authority have to enforce some of these welfare provisions. The remainder of the Act is administered by the London County Council. The term " Shop" includes any premises where any retail trade or business is carried on, any wholesale shop and any warehouses kept for the purposes of trade by any person carrying on any retail trade or business, or by any wholesale dealer or merchant. The Council delegated all their powers, except the appointment of inspectors, to the Public Health Committee. The welfare provisions, with the enforcement of which this Council are charged, are those which deal with ventilation, heating and the provision of sanitary conveniences, and the Medical Officer of Health and all the Sanitary Inspectors were appointed inspectors for this purpose. There are approximately 2,000 shops in the Borough. During the year a start was made on their systematic inspection, and 704 were so inspected. Decisions as to the standards to be aimed at or accepted have been postponed until the shops position as a whole can be reviewed. |
9653c4f4-1691-40ac-87a9-c33b701898ca | The problems to be faced include defining the limits of a reasonable temperature in open-fronted shops, shops with open doorways and shops with closed fronts; settling what is suitable and sufficient ventilation in these types; deciding what "conveniently available" means in the case of sanitary conveniences, or what special circumstances would justify the issue of a certificate of exemption, and so on. Until the extent of the problem is known, it is, no doubt, wiser to defer these decisions. Certificates of exemption with regard to sanitary conveniences were issued in four instances. Smoke Abatement.—The problem of smoke abatement in Woolwich is not a large one. During the year, sixteen special observations were made to ascertain whether there were any breaches of the law regarding smoke emission. One nuisance was discovered and a notice was served. This resulted in the abatement of the nuisance and no legal proceedings were necessary. |
9050ebd6-c157-4789-916d-fca0e0c35b49 | Public Baths and Washhouses.—There are three bathing establishments in the Borough, one at Plumstead, one at Woolwich, and a small one at North Woolwich. At Plumstead there is a First Class Swimming Bath (capacity 120,000 gallons); a Second Class Swimming Bath (capacity 80,000 gallons); 64 Slipper Baths and a separate building for Turkish and Russian Vapour Baths. There is also a Public Washhouse. At Woolwich there is a First Class Swimming Bath (capacity 120,000 gallons); a Second Class Swimming Bath (Capacity 90,000 gallons) and 60 Slipper Baths. At North Woolwich there are 22 Slipper Baths. Through the courtesy of the Baths Superintendent I am able to say that the total number using the Swimming Baths during the year was 280,437; Turkish and Russian Vapour Baths, 12,988; Slipper Baths, 174,436; and the Public Washhouse, 16,229. |
41150c67-876a-430c-a609-43918e786bcc | 53 Filtration plants have been installed at the Woolwich and Plumstead Baths, and the chemical and bacteriological content of the water is regularly examined by members of the Baths Staff. There are two open-air swimming pools in the Borough, one in Eltham Park and one in the Victoria Gardens, North Woolwich. These belong to the London County Council, and filtration plants have been installed at both. There are also paddling pools in the Borough, one belonging to the Woolwich Borough Council on their Middle Park Estate, and one in Eaglesfield, belonging to the London County Council. There are no filtration plants at either of these. Factory and Workshop Act.—The following Table is in the form adopted by the Secretary of State to provide for uniformity throughout the country in the presentation of certain particulars of this work which lend themselves to statistical treatment:— TABLE No. 19. Factories, Workshops and Workplaces. 1.—Inspection. Premises. Number of Inspections. Written Notices. |
f371d1d9-90e3-4e1b-aa3e-c21e8af5545e | Occupiers. Prosecuted. (1) (2) (3) (4) Factories (including Factory Laundries) 303 6 — Workshops (including Workshop Laundries) 426 15 — Workplaces (other than Outworkers' premises) 111 1 — Total 840 22 — 54 2.—Defects Found. Particulars. Number of Defects. Number of Prosecutions. Found. Remedied. Referred to H.M. Inspector. |
8726c87d-eada-4ad6-a7ac-12757874e917 | (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Nuisances under the Public Health Acts: Want of Cleanliness 26 26 — — Want of Ventilation — — — — Overcrowding — — — — Want of Drainage of Floors — — — — Other Nuisances 6 6 — — Sanitary Accommodation Insufficient - - - - Unsuitable or Defective 24 24 — — Not separate for Sexes — — — — Offences under the Factory and Workshop Acts :— Illegal Occupation of Underground Bakehouses (S. 101) — — — — Other Offences — — — — Total 56 56 — — 3.—Outwork in Unwholesome Premises : Section 108. Nature of Work. Instances. Notices Served. Prosecutions. (1) (2) (3) w Wearing Apparel— Making, etc. |
e8e021fa-65c1-441a-b221-3331d298f9b3 | The Rats and Mice (Destruction) Act, 1919.—Each district Inspector is the rats officer for his area, and investigates all complaints received. The total number of inspections made was 268. In 167 instances it was necessary to secure the repair of defective drains. Nineteen premises were made rat-proof, and other effective measures were taken in 21 instances. The number of statutory notices served under the Rats and Mice (Destruction) Act, 1919, was one. During the 55 National Rat Week, held from 4th to 9th November, special measures were undertaken with the co-operation of the many large firms in the Borough and the Borough Engineer. The number of baits laid in sewers in Woolwich and Plumstead was 11,553. |
212b4fbd-b39c-475b-b606-0929e8e0af25 | Fouling of Footways by Dogs—By-law.—In 1934 the Council made a By-law which was sanctioned by the Home Office to come into operation from 1st January, 1935. The administration of the By-law was delegated by the Council to the Public Health Committee during the year, and officers of the Health Department make periodic observations under the By-law. Three summonses were issued during the year, particulars of which will be found in Table No. 22 at the end of this Section. Nuisance from Pigeons.—Under Section 52 of the London County Council (General Powers) Act, 1927, a Borough Council is empowered to seize and destroy, sell or otherwise dispose of house-doves or pigeons in excessive numbers, if they appear to have no owner. It is necessary, however, in the first place for the Council to obtain the consent to the measures adopted by them from the person or body in whom the building or land, upon which the birds congregate, is vested. |
bc34b2da-d16f-440d-9156-36c59f46e913 | The powers of the Council under this Section have been delegated to the Health Committee. No action was taken during the year. Rag and Bone By-laws.—One of the By-laws made by the London County Council prohibits the distribution or sale of any article of food or any balloon or any toy from any premises used for the business or from any cart, barrow or other vehicle or receptacle used for the collection or disposal of rags and bones, etc., or in any other way connected with the business. A practice has grown up whereby bills shewing no name or address are distributed outside schools inviting school children to supply old woollen articles and rags in exchange for toys. These are distributed by men who are not principals and who, when challenged, do not disclose who their principals are, and who accept rags and give toys in exchange. Five persons were caught during the year, but it was only possible to take legal proceedings in four instances. The results of these proceedings will be found in Table No. 22. |
f551d1f3-a1cc-4629-8d0a-2c74d6633f7f | Rag Flock Act.—Six samples of rag flock were taken for analysis. Such material must comply with the Rag Flock Regulations, in which it is laid down that the soluble chlorine in the form of chlorides must not exceed 30 parts of chlorine in 100,000 parts of flock. All the samples complied with the Regulations, as the results of analyses show, the number of parts of chlorine being, respectively, 3, 3, 6, 6, 7, and 12. 56 Mortuaries.—The Public Mortuary is in Sun Street, Woolwich, and a temporary mortuary is provided in Eltham High Street. The following Table shows the use made of the mortuaries during the year:— TABLE No. 20. Sun Street. Sun Street (Infectious). Eltham. All Mortuaries. |
f3318858-fbb0-475c-b086-a881aca645bb | Number of Bodies Received 1934 1935 (a) For inquest — — — — (b) For Custody 15 — 5 14 20 15 — 5 14 20 Number of Post-Mortem Examinations - — — — Cemeteries.—The Council own three cemeteries within the Borough, two in Plumstead and one in Eltham. The two in Plumstead are known respectively as the Woolwich Cemetery and the Plumstead Cemetery, the Woolwich one being divided into two portions, the Old and the New. Eltham Cemetery was opened for interments in April, 1935. Burials also take place in Eltham Churchyard, and rarely in a private burial ground within the grounds of Christchurch Priory in Eltham High Street. In the following Table is shown the number of interments in the different graveyards. |
7b9aa6f4-7b04-4c1b-82a9-8aa37451dd98 | The information in the case of the cemeteries is given through the courtesy of the Town Clerk, and, in the case of the Eltham Churchyard, through that of the Vicar of Eltham. TABLE No. 21. Number of Interments. 1933 1934 1935 Woolwich Cemetery 645 661 584 Plumstead Cemetery 769 755 681 Eltham Cemetery — — 66 Eltham Churchyard 252 236 166 57 Exhumations.—During the year two exhumations under Home Office Licence were carried out. Offensive Trades.—By the Transfer of Powers Order, 1933, consideration of, and decision on applications for the establishment anew or the enlargement of certain offensive businesses, or imposition, modification, or removal of conditions, was transferred from the London County Council to the Metropolitan Borough Councils. In Woolwich, however, there is only one offensive trade, namely, that of a slaughterer of poultry. |
5e4a82eb-f8bb-47d0-8ddb-cd9194cc01d1 | The premises were approved by the London County Council in November, 1931. Removal of Infirm and Diseased Persons.—Power is given by Section 28 of the London County Council (General Powers) Act, 1928, to remove infirm and diseased persons living under insanitary conditions to institutions. Usually such persons are persuaded to enter an institution, but occasionally difficulty is experienced in this connection, and it is necessary to make application to a Magistrate for an Order. Two such applications were made during 1935. Sandpits.—It is the practice of the Council to disinfect all children's sandpits under their control at regular intervals during the year. Pharmacy and Poisons Act, 1933.—This Act places upon Metropolitan Borough Councils the duties of enforcing the provisions of that part of the Act which relates to poisons in Part 2 of the Poisons List. |
b6060fd7-291f-451d-aa90-43446e9dcf27 | Poisons in Part 1 of the Poisons List may only be sold by "authorised sellers" and those in Part 2 by authorised sellers and by persons whose names appear in a register to be kept by the local authority. " Authorised sellers," i.e., pharmacists, will be inspected by Inspectors appointed by the Pharmaceutical Society, but the Borough Council are required to arrange for the necessary inspection of all other persons. The Council have appointed the Medical Officer of Health, the Chief Sanitary Inspector and two district inspectors as inspectors under the Act. The Act will come into force on the 1st May, 1936. 58 Legal Proceedings.—The particulars of the various prosecutions instituted under the various Acts are set out in detail in the following Table, No. 22:— TABLE No. 22. Prosecutions under Public Health and Kindred Acts. No. Date of Hearing. Offence. Situation. Result. 1. |
c26e0bb4-bfdf-4b05-955d-46b6c5c7a94c | 28th February Being a person having charge of a dog on lead allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. Conway Road Dismissed under Probation of Offenders' Act. 2. 11th July Insufficient ashpit 8, Ladysmith Road Dustbin supplied. Summons with drawn. 3. 24th July Did knowingly suffer to be brought on to his premises rags from a dust cart. 143, Crescent Road Fined 20s. 0d. 4. 11th July Did distribute toys from a vehicle in exchange for rags. Marmadon Road Fined 5s. 0d. 5. 7th October Did distribute toys from a vehicle in exchange for rags. Purneys Road Fined 20s. 0d. each (two defendants). 6. 7th October Did distribute toys from a vehicle in exchange for rags. |
f2903026-23c1-4992-a8a8-735dedb73ee3 | Kingsholm Gardens Fined 20s. 0d. or five days. 7. 18th October Being a person having charge of a dog on lead, allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. Eltham High Street Fined 5s. 0d. 8. 18th October Being a person having charge of a dog on lead, allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. Wellington Street Fined 2s. 6d. 9. 5th November Did permit a newly erected house to be occupied without having first obtained a water certificate. Well Hall Road Ordered to pay £2 2s. costs. 10. 11th December Did distribute toys from a barrow in exchange for rags. Elizabeth Street School. Fined 2s. 6d. |
03edcf23-c622-4650-989f-c281f139c577 | 59 SECTION V. HOUSING The following Table shows the main housing figures for the year set out under the headings given in Circular 1492 issued by the Ministry of Health for securing uniformity in the presentation of these statistics. TABLE No. 23. 1.—Inspection of Dwelling Houses during the Year. |
f16d8fd9-7976-4145-9da1-e2ffafca940e | (1) Total number of dwelling houses inspected for housing defects (under Public Health or Housing Acts) 6,091 Inspections made 15,521 (2) Number of dwelling houses (included under sub-head (1) above) which were inspected and recorded under the Housing (Consolidated) Regulations, 1925 1,008 Inspections made 2,067 (3) Number of dwelling houses found to be in a state so dangerous or injurious to health as to be unfit for human habitation 207 (4) Number of dwelling houses (exclusive of those referred to under the preceding sub-head) found not to be in all respects reasonably fit for human habitation 2,296 2.—Remedy of Defects during the Year without Service of Formal Notices * Number of defective dwelling houses rendered fit in consequence of informal action by the Local Authority or their officers 1,923 * Includes intimation notices. 3.—Action under Statutory Powers during the Year. (a) Proceedings under Sections 17, |
8ba3993f-dd84-4783-8bf2-4b362fc418a7 | 18 and 23 of the Housing Act, 1930:— (1) Number of dwelling houses in respect of which notices were served requiring repairs 10 (2) Number of dwelling houses which were rendered fit after service of formal notice:— (a) By Owners 5 (6) By Local Authority in default of owners 1 (b) Proceedings under the Public Health Acts:— (1) Number of dwelling houses in respect of which notices were served requiring defects to be remedied 435 60 (2) Number of dwelling houses in which defects were remedied after service of formal notices:— (a) By Owners 373 (b) By Local Authority in default of owners — (c) Proceedings under Sections 19 and 21 of the Housing Act, 1930:— (1) Number of dwelling houses in respect of which Demolition Orders were made 10 (2) Number of dwelling houses demolished in pursuance of Demolition Orders 7 (d) Proceedings under Section 20 of the Housing Act, |
2826f619-8fa6-4c45-b185-a7ce4e452018 | 1930:— (1) Number of separate tenements or underground rooms in respect of which Closing Orders were made 1 (2) Number of separate tenements or underground rooms in respect of which Closing Orders were determined, the tenement, or room having been rendered fit Inspection of Houses.—The systematic inspection of houses in the district in accordance with the provisions of the Housing (Consolidated) Regulations, 1925, was carried on during the year, and 1,008 houses were so surveyed. These figures, although greater in number than those of the previous year, are less than the average owing to the fact that the time of the Sanitary Inspectors was taken up in dealing with unhealthy areas and with the overcrowding census, referred to later in the report. In tabular form, in Table No. 24, is shown a detailed statement of specific action (except action taken in respect of clearance areas) taken under the Housing Acts during the year. TABLE No. 24. Action under the Housing Acts. |
931a33f2-1d31-4be0-b653-2431f80f7c2e | Premises. Action Taken. Date. Ann Street, 39 Notice under Section 17 11th January. do., 3 Demolition Order 30th January. do., 5 do. do. do., 7 do. do. do., 9 do. do. Dumblane Road, 13 do. do. Katrine Terrace, 2 do. do. 61 Clearance Areas.—During the year much progress has been made in the Council's programme. The steps taken and the situation at the end of the year in each area represented are set out in the following pages :— (1) Shepherds Farm Hutments.—The Clearance Order in this case was confirmed by the Minister, without modification, under date 24th April, 1934, and re-housing was provided partly on the site of the hutments and partly on an adjoining portion of the Page Estate. TABLE No. 24—continued. Premises. |
f4b09ef0-689e-4b1a-8a92-8ba39a87045e | Action Taken. Date. Footscray Road, 153 Notice under Section 17 5th March. Ann Street, 8 do. 2nd April. Salutation Alley, 4 do. 3rd April. do., 5 do. do. Cottage rear of 19, Nightingale Vale. Demolition Order 1st May. St. Mary Street, 24 Notice under Section 17 18th May. The Avenue, 1 Demolition Order 29th May. Avenue Cottage, Shooters Hill. do. do. Saunders Road, 29 Closing Order 24th July. Whitworth Road, 54 Undertaking that house will not be used for human habitation accepted. do. do., 54a do., do. do. do., 56a do., do. do. The Grove, 15 Notice under Section 17 1st August. |
67907638-ee36-4978-be07-c6ab154fa799 | Jackson Street, 32 do. do. Prospect Row, 24 Undertaking that house will not be used for human habitation accepted. 2nd October. The Cottage, Mortgrammit Square. Representation 9th October. Armstrong Place, 12 do. 6th November. do., 13 do. do. Elm Terrace, 12 Undertaking that house will not be used for human habitation accepted. 4th December. Woolwich High Street, 130 Demolition Order do. Ordnance Road, 57 Notice under Section 17 9th December. do., 58 do. do. 62 At the end of the year 66 out of 67 hutments had been demolished, 307 persons being displaced. (2) Prospect Row and Kidd Street.—The Clearance Order was confirmed by the Minister, without modification, under date 9th January. |
d548dc47-291d-41cc-aaa5-c913dc02c53b | At the end of the year all the cottages had been demolished, 36 persons being displaced. Re-housing was provided in the same scheme as for area No. 1. (3) St. Thomas' Cottages, Princes Road.—The Clearance Order was confirmed by the Minister, without modification, under date 9th January. Re-housing was provided in the same scheme as for area No. 1. At the end of the year all the cottages had been demolished, 13 persons being displaced. (4) Eltham High Street.—This area consisting of 14 houses was represented by me to the Council as an unhealthy area on 14th June, 1934. The houses included in the area are as follows :— Eltham High Street Nos. 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20. Kirks Yard Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4a. |
42c2c36c-5ae1-4c86-a7f5-4a0f04dd66b6 | Halams Cottages Nos. 1, 2, 3. The number of occupants was 46. The Council made a Clearance Order on the 12th June, 1935 ; a Ministry of Health Inquiry was held on the 20th August, and the order was confirmed by the Minister without modification, on the 12th October. Re-housing is to be provided in the same Scheme as for Area No. 1. (5) Keemor Street.—On the 5th March, 1935, I represented this area consisting of six cottages as an unhealthy area. The cottages in question are known as Brickfield Cottages, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and Keemor Street, No. 13. The number of occupants was 20. |
9d00e79e-120d-4163-be2d-33b48326c617 | The Council made a Clearance Order on the 12th June, 1935 ; a Ministry of Health Inquiry was held on 20th August, and the Clearance Order was confirmed by the Minister, without modification, under date 12th October. Re-housing is to be provided in the same Scheme as for Area No. 1. (6) Bell Water Gate.—On the 10th May, 1935, I represented this area consisting of five houses as an unhealthy area. The houses in question are known as Bell Water Gate, Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The number of occupants was 26. 63 The Council made a Clearance Order on the 2nd October, 1935. No Inquiry had been held at the end of the year. Re-housing is to be provided on the Horn Park Estate. (7) Timbercroft Lane (No. |
0b721bb7-2a6a-465b-a96b-2318558ef8b4 | 1).—On the 6th June, 1935, I represented this area consisting of two cottages as an unhealthy area. The cottages in question are known as Timbercroft Lane, Nos. 3 and 5. The number of occupants was 6. The Council made a Clearance Order on the 25th September; there was no local Inquiry ; but after inspection the Minister confirmed the Order, without modification, under date 25th January, 1936. Re-housing is to be provided on the Timbercroft Lane Estate. (8) Timbercroft Lane (No. 2).—On the 6th June, 1935, I represented this area consisting of six cottages as an unhealthy area. The cottages in question are known as Timbercroft Lane. Nos. 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19. The number of occupants was 21. |
7bc2dd1b-4567-43f5-9f32-f143d7842892 | The Council made a Clearance Order on the 25th September; there was no local Inquiry; but after inspection the Minister confirmed the Order, without modification, under date 25th January, 1936. Re-housing is to be provided on the Timbercroft Lane Estate. (9) Timbercroft Lane (No. 3).—On the 6th June, 1935, I represented this area consisting of eight cottages as an unhealthy area. The cottages in question are known as Timbercroft Lane, Nos. 21. 23. 25. 27. 35. 37. 39 and 41. The number of occupants was 34. The Council decided to purchase the area by agreement, and the Minister has intimated that he is prepared to regard it as a Clearance Area for re-housing purposes. Re-housing is to be provided on the Timbercroft Lane Estate. |
3ea7d982-6ebe-4a1f-a873-a6b74188fc12 | (10) Hulk Cottages.—On the 6th June, 1935, I represented this area consisting of five houses as an unhealthy area. The houses in question are known as Hulk Cottages, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The number of occupants was 35. The Council made a Clearance Order on 3rd September; a Ministry of Health Inquiry was held on 26th November, and the Order was confirmed by the Minister, without modification, under date 25th January, 1936. Re-housing is to be provided on the Horn Park Estate. 64 (11) The Orove.—On the 6th June, 1935, I represented this area consisting of two cottages as an unhealthy area. The cottages in question are known as 16 and 17, The Grove. The number of occupants was 7. |
039669de-92d1-486c-a342-3d30c508a2df | The Council made a Clearance Order on the 29th October ; no Inquiry had been held by the end of the year. Re-housing is to be provided on the Horn Park Estate. (12) Nightingale Vale and Montague Cottages.—On the 11th July, 1935, I represented this area consisting of eight houses. The cottages in question are known as Nightingale Vale, Nos. 23, 25, 27 and 29; and Montague Cottages, Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. The number of occupants was 27. The Council made a Clearance Order on the 3rd September; a Ministry of Health Inquiry was held on the 26th November, and the Order was confirmed by the Minister, without modification, under date 25th January, 1936. Re-housing is to be provided on the Horn Park Estate. |
6a3c5932-573e-4fb7-b569-e41f16de3e18 | (13) Belmont Place, Nightingale Vale.—On the 11th July, 1935, I represented this area consisting of four cottages, as an unhealthy area. The cottages in question are known as Belmont Place, Nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5. The number of occupants was 17. The Council made a Clearance Order on 3rd September; a Ministry of Health Inquiry was held on 26th November, and the Order was confirmed by the Minister, without modification, under date 25th January, 1936. Re-housing is to be provided on the Horn Park Estate. (14) Waverley Cottages, Ogilby Street.—On the 11th July, 1935, I represented this area consisting of two cottages as an unhealthy area. The cottages in question are known as Waverley Cottages, Nos. 1 and 2. The number of occupants was 24. |
73a9053b-7cc9-4ada-8690-4b08c2a6e897 | The Council made a Clearance Order on the 3rd September; a Ministry of Health Inquiry was held on the 26th November; and the Order was confirmed by the Minister, without modification, under date 25th January, 1936. Re-housing is to be provided on the Horn Park Estate. (15) Nile Cottages and Glass Yard.—On the 11th July, 1935, I represented this area consisting of eleven cottages as an unhealthy area. The cottages in question are known as Nile Cottages, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and Glass \ard, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The number of occupants was 34. 65 The Council made a Clearance Order on the 2nd October ; no Inquiry had been held by the end of the year. Re-housing is to be provided on the Horn Park Estate. |
b3483d4c-5911-46e6-8eae-ae86df0214f6 | (16) Davey Square.—On the 12th September, 1935, I represented this area consisting of seven houses as an unhealthy area. The houses in question are known as Davey Square, Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11. The number of occupants was 31. The Council made a Clearance Order on 29th October; no Inquiry had been held by the end of the year. Re-housing is to be provided on the Timbercroft Lane Estate. (17) Albert Road and Woodman's Cottages.—On the 12th September, 1935, I represented this area consisting of six houses as an unhealthy area. The houses in question are known as Albert Road, Nos. 140 and 142, and Woodman's Cottages, Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. The number of occupants was 27. |
7e5e6b5c-cd42-4301-a32c-dcd77eed5d86 | The Council made a Clearance Order on the 29th October; no Inquiry had been held by the end of the year. Re-housing is to be provided on the Timbercroft Lane Estate. (18) Dock Street and Kent Cottages.—On the 12th September, 1935, I represented this area consisting of nine houses as an unhealthy area. The houses in question are known as Dock Street, Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, and Kent Cottages, Nos. 3, 4 and 4a. The number of occupants was 30. The Council made a Clearance Order on the 29th October ; no Inquiry had been held by the end of the year. Re-housing is to be provided on the Timbercroft Lane Estate. (19) Kates Place and Albert Road.—On the 12th September, 1935, 1 represented this area consisting of twenty-one houses as an unhealthy area. |
4c97b03f-ee60-40d3-b576-a7b505be6d41 | The houses in question are known as Kates Place, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, and Albert Road, Nos. 208, 210 and 212. The number of occupants was 76. The Council made a Clearance Order on 29th October; no Inquiry had been held by the end of the year. Re-housing is to be provided on the Timbercroft Lane Estate. 66 (20) Anne's Place.—On the 12th September, 1935, I represented this area consisting of four houses as an unhealthy area. The houses in question are known as Anne's Place, Nos. 5, 6, 7 and 8. The number of occupants was 24. |
4f919ed6-6cc8-4a10-bbf6-2a33a00b5ebb | A Clearance Order was made by the Council on the 29th October ; no Inquiry had been held by the end of the year. Re-housing is to be provided on the Timbercroft Lane Estate. (21) Lewis Place.—On the 7th November, 1935, I represented this area consisting of three houses as an unhealthy area. The houses in question are known as Lewis Place, Nos. 1, 2 and 3. The number of occupants was 9. The Council made a Clearance Order on the 29th November; no Inquiry had been held by the end of the year. Re-housing is to be provided on the Horn Park Estate. (22) Messeter Place.—On the 7th November, 1935, I represented this area consisting of six cottages as an unhealthy area. The cottages in question are known as Messeter Place, Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. |
2429357d-3ade-4abd-b208-b65e133c3a86 | The number of occupants was 6. The Council made a Clearance Order on the 29th November ; no Inquiry had been held by the end of the year. Re-housing is to be provided on the Horn Park Estate. Surveys of several larger areas have been carried out by officers of the London County Council during the year, and these will no doubt be dealt with by that body at no distant date. There are other smaller areas in the Borough which will require to be dealt with by the Borough Council in the course of 1936. Re-Housing of Old People Living Alone.—An entirely new problem has arisen in connection with the re-housing of persons from Clearance Areas. The Council are required to re-house all the occupants of clearance areas whatever the number in family, or their circumstances, and so it becomes necessary to consider what should be done where aged or infirm persons living alone were re-housed. |
77678a44-ecc6-4db1-bc9e-79527c029b02 | The Public Health Committee decided that their women sanitary inspectors should pay periodic visits to all such cases, in order to promote their general welfare and prevent the development of insanitary conditions. This is now being carried out. 67 Hutments.—In my Annual Report for 1934 I reported on an agreed threeparty Scheme between the owners of certain hutments, the London County Council and the Council, for the re-housing of the tenants of Eltham hutments and for the demolition of the hutments. The first of the dwellings were ready for occupation on the 1st September of that year, and at the end of 1935, the total number of hutment families so re-housed was 350. Other hutments in Eltham and Plumstead are being demolished, and it may be said that they are now rapidly disappearing. They were originally put up as temporary dwellings for the duration of the war, but they continued to be used as such much longer than anybody expected. |
74fec540-ebe6-4c13-a84c-86f6b85939c9 | It has been said that these hutments were healthy and sanitary dwellings, but they have always been subject far too much to extremes of temperature and to daily intermittent dampness (condensation). In recent years they have not been wind and weather proof, and extensive disrepair and settlement have been apparent. Two years ago I investigated the vital statistics of these dwellings over a period of ten years, and the following rates are not without interest in this connection. There were originally just under two thousand hutments in the Borough. The population has never been known because they were never grouped as census units by the Registrar-General. In the absence of accurate estimates of the hut population it was necessary in order to study the vital statistics to consider the ratios of each cause of death to the total deaths, a method which is occasionally used, particularly in studying mortality of olden times. When the statistics were so examined it was found, as will be seen from Table No. |
ea7641a9-f98c-4c2c-8156-f514c0af6911 | 25, that the percentage of deaths from tuberculosis in the huts was nearly 40 per cent. higher than in the houses, and it will be noted in Table No. 26 that, from all diseases, people died at earlier ages in the huts than in the houses. TABLE No. 25. Deaths from Pulmonary Tuberculosis, 1923-1932. No. of deaths from tuberculosis. Total deaths. Percentage of tuberculosis deaths. In houses 1,436 14,899 9.64 In huts 88 661 13.31 68 TABLE No. 26. Age incidence at death, 1923-1932. Age Periods. Houses. Huts. Number of Deaths. Per 100. Number of Deaths. Per 100. |
20b441bc-4ddc-42e9-bcce-1c97b133f8b6 | 0—1 1,140 7.65 94 14.22 1—5 525 3.53 43 6.50 6—15 393 2.64 26 3.93 15—25 713 4.79 47 7.11 25—45 1,723 11.56 99 14.98 45—05 3,931 26.38 189 28.60 65—75 3,183 21.36 92 13.92 75 and over 3,291 22.09 71 10.74 14,899 100.00 661 100.00 In the case of infant mortality, however, it has been possible to calculate definite rates because these are based upon the proportion of deaths under one year to the number of births in the particular year, and the actual numbers of births and deaths of children under one year in the huts are known. |
755943d2-04c5-402b-b306-c76683aaacd9 | It will be seen from Table No. 27 that the infant mortality rate is considerably higher in the ten-year period among the hut population than it was in the house population. TABLE No. 27. Infant Mortality, 1923-1932. Number of Births. Number of Deaths under 1 year. Rate. In houses 22,364 1,140 51 In huts 1,358 94 69 Having regard to these variations in the different rates it is difficult to believe that it is wrong to describe the hutments as unhealthy dwellings, at any rate as we knew them in recent years. Council's Houses.—During the year the Council erected 76 houses and flats on the Page Estate, Shepherds Farm, and 346 on the Middle Park Estate. |
ac2bddbc-3c71-4b4f-8271-7d03d97d0c99 | 69 At the end of the year 8 houses were in course of erection on the Page Estate and 142 on the Middle Park Estate; the total number of occupied dwellings on these two estates at the end of the year was 3,538. Overcrowding Survey.—It became necessary, during the year, to carry out, in accordance with the provisions of the Housing Act, 1935, a systematic survey of the houses in the Borough, in order to ascertain what dwellings were overcrowded according to a standard defined in the Act. The standard is complex: it includes a measure of capacity based on the number, size and user of rooms; it regards persons of different ages in terms of equivalent persons, and it provides that the accommodation must be such that no two persons over 10 years of age of opposite sexes, not living as husband and wife, must sleep in the same room. |
060307f4-5ded-4075-a67f-d64134da4917 | The following Tables A and B, taken from the first Schedule of the Act, define the standards of capacity:— TABLE A. Where a house consists of— The permitted number of persons is— (a) One room 2 (b) Two rooms 3 (c) Three rooms 5 (d) Four rooms 7½ (c) Five rooms or more 10 with an additional 2 in respect of each room in excess of five. In the application of these tables account is only to be taken of rooms which are normally used in the locality either as living rooms or bedrooms, and a room of less than 50 square feet is to be ignored. Rooms occupied by a sub-tenant constitute a separate dwelling; children under one year are not counted and children between 1 and 10 years count as half a person. |
4046da44-dd98-4396-8087-c8f86acef842 | TABLE B. Where a room in a house has a floor area of— The permitted number of persons is— (a) 110 square feet or more 2 (b) 90 square feet or more, but less than 110 1½ (c) 70 square feet or more, but less than 90 1 (d) 50 square feet or more, but less than 70 ½ (e) Under 50 square feet Nil. 70 TABLE 28—THE BOROUGH Equivalent number of persons in family. Number of families containing the equivalent number of persons in the first column occupying dwellings with the permitted number shown at the head of this column. Totals of Families. ½ 1 1½ 2 2½ 3 3½ 4 4½ 5 5½ 6 6½ 7 7½ 8 8½ 9 9½ 10 and over Overcrowded. Not overcrowded. Total. 1 14 25 |
02ce82d3-b053-4dbc-b040-66e8f1b47896 | 1106 203 707 147 2 429 9 43 1 304 6 4 13 206 2 1 84 57 14 3349 3363 1½ - — 4 14 26 11 - 20 - 3 - 21 - - - 7 - 1 - - 107 107 2 5 5 32 177 1328 408 2 1875 40 202 2 2088 16 27 46 2172 4 5 640 407 42 9439 9481 2½ — 1 5 45 8 533 — 834 17 83 2 771 6 11 14 824 4 1 140 62 51 3310 3361 3 — - 1 19 9 289 - 1210 27 170 5 2479 24 25 87 |