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[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "how will brexit affect house mortgages?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "only you can decide whether it's wise or not given your own personal circumstances. brexit is certainly a big risk, and noone can really know what will happen yet. the specific worries you mention are certainly valid. additionally you might find it hard to keep your job or get a new one if the economy turns bad, and in an extreme \"no deal\" scenario you might find yourself forced to leave - though i think that's very unlikely. house prices could also collapse leaving you in \"negative equity\". if you're planning on staying in the same location in the uk for a long time, a house tends to be a worthwhile investment, particularly as you always need somewhere to live, so owning it is a \"hedge\" against prices rising. even if prices do fall, you do still have somewhere to live. if you're planning on going back to your home country at some point, that reduces the value of owning a house. if you want to reduce your risk, consider getting a mortgage with a long-term fixed rate. there are some available for 10 years, which i'd hope would be enough to get us over most of the brexit volatility.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "can i claim a tax deduction for working from home as an employee? i work there 90% of the time", "role": "user" }, { "content": "the short answer is yes you probably can take the deduction for a home office because the space is used exclusively and you are working there for the convenience of your employer if you don't have a desk at your employers office. the long answer is that it may not be worth it to take the home office deduction as an employee. you're deduction is subject to a 2% agi floor. you can only deduct a percentage of your rent or the depreciation on your home. a quick and dirty example if you make $75k/year, rent a 1200 sqft 2 bedroom apartment for $1000/month and use one bedroom (120 sqft) regularly and exclusively for your employer. you can deduct 10% (120sqft/1200sqft) of the $12000 ($1000*12 months (assumes your situation didn't change)) in rent or $1200. however because you are an employee you are subject to the 2% agi floor so you can deduct $1200-$1500 (75000*.02 (salary * 2% floor)) = -300 so in order to deduct the first dollar you need an additional $300 worth of deductible expenses. depending on your situation it may or may not be worth it to take the home office deduction even if you qualify for it.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "does buying and selling a stock or holding onto it make a company look better?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i have watched the ticker when i have made a transaction. about ¼ of the time my buy (or sell) actually moves the going price. but that price movement is wiped out by other transactions within two (or so) munites. is your uncle correct? yes. will anyone notice? no.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "are online mortgage lenders as good as local brick-and-mortar ones?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i had a pretty good experience with lending tree, although they are a mortgage broker, not a lender themselves.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "form 1040 - where to place my stipend?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "some of the 45,000 might be taxable. the question is how was the stipend determined. was it based on the days away? the mile driven? the cities you worked in? the irs has guidelines regarding what is taxable in irs pub 15 per diem or other fixed allowance. you may reimburse your employees by travel days, miles, or some other fixed allowance under the applicable revenue procedure. in these cases, your employee is considered to have accounted to you if your reimbursement doesn't exceed rates established by the federal government. the 2015 standard mileage rate for auto expenses was 57.5 cents per mile. the rate for 2016 is 54 cents per mile. the government per diem rates for meals and lodging in the continental united states can be found by visiting the u.s. general services administration website at www.gsa.gov and entering \"per diem rates\" in the search box. other than the amount of these expenses, your employees' business expenses must be substantiated (for example, the business purpose of the travel or the number of business miles driven). for information on substantiation methods, see pub. 463. if the per diem or allowance paid exceeds the amounts substantiated, you must report the excess amount as wages. this excess amount is subject to income tax with-holding and payment of social security, medicare, and futa taxes. show the amount equal to the substantiated amount (for example, the nontaxable portion) in box 12 of form w-2 using code “l\"", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "starting a new job. help me with retirement/debt planning please!", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i would go with your alternative idea: get rid of the debt as fast as possible. you have $32k of debt. it's a lot, but with your new $90k salary, do you think you could get rid of it all in 12 months? see if you can make that happen. once the debt is gone, you'll be in a position to invest as much as you want and keep all your gains. you are worried about sacrificing future money in your investments, but if you eliminate the debt over the next year, this will be minimized. just lose the debt.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "if someone gives me cash legally, can my deposit trigger an audit for them?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "yes you should worry and take care not to violate the law or provide any appearance of impropriety. every bank in the usa is required under the bank secrecy act to report cash transactions over $10,000 the same day to the irs -- and here's the fun secret part -- without notification to the depositor. but splitting the deposits up into smaller amounts is also a crime, called \"structuring\". on occasion there is a news story where a retail business that naturally must deposit cash from customers will be (falsely?) accused of structuring, e.g.: feds seize grocery store's entire bank account -- institute for justice defends grocer under the legal doctrine of civil asset forfeiture, your money can be accused of a crime, seized, and tried separately from its owner. the actual cases indicate the money as defendant, i.e. \"us v $124,700\" in this somewhat bizarre system of \"justice\", the owner need not be charged with a crime, and is not in immediate peril of going to prison (about the only upside in this, but might be temporary because the authorities haven't charged the owner yet). when only the money is charged with a crime, there is no requirement for the government to supply a public defender for the owners who can not afford a lawyer.... can not afford a lawyer, because the government took all their money....", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "at vanguard, can i transfer shares from regular investment account to a roth ira?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "since you are paying taxes on the distributions from your mutual funds anyway, instead of reinvesting the distributions back into the mutual funds, you could receive them as cash, then contribute them to your roth ira once you are able to open one.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "super-generic mutual fund type", "role": "user" }, { "content": "since you already have twice your target in that emergency fund, putting that overage to work is a good idea. the impression that i get is that you'd still like to stay on the safe side. what you're looking for is a balanced fund. in a balanced fund the managers invest in both stocks and bonds (and cash). since you have that diversification between those two asset classes, their returns tend to be much less volatile than other funds. also, because of their intended audience and the traditions from that class of funds' long history, they tend to invest somewhat more conservatively in both asset classes. there are two general types of balanced funds: conservative allocation funds and moderate allocation funds. conservative allocation funds invest in more fixed income than equity (the classic mix is 60% bonds, 40% stocks). moderate allocation funds invest in more equity than fixed income (classic mix: 40% bonds, 60% stocks). a good pair of funds that are similar but exemplify the difference between conservative allocation and moderate allocation are vanguard's wellesley income fund (vwinx) for the former and vanguard's wellington fund (vwelx) for the latter. (disclaimer: though both funds are broadly considered excellent, this is not a recommendation.) good luck sorting this out!", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "correct ways of importing personal finance transaction data", "role": "user" }, { "content": "you'll need to find out in what format moneystrands expects the data. a .qif or an .ofx file may not be the answer.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "at what age should i start or stop saving money?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "there is no age-limit, in fact the sooner you start the better - the sooner the money starts to compound.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "why is insider trading illegal?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "@sdg - if you can be flippant, i can be pedantic. insider trading is not illegal. any employee of a company can be an insider, yet most of their trades are perfectly legal. what is illegal is trading on inside information. such information may be available to those within a company, or those who have some contact with an employee. in fact, if i am seated at a restaurant table and hear bill and warren talking about a purchase they plan to make, i am in possession of inside information and risk prosecution should i purchase shares and profit. often, a company will have a \"quiet period\" before earnings reports or potential stock-price-moving-news. during this time, employees are forbidden from buying or selling shares, excluding those that would be automatically bought in their retirement accounts or espp.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "should i sell a 2nd home, or rent it out?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "one piece of information you didn't mention is how much you paid for the original home. if you hold onto that home for too long you will have to pay capital gains on the difference between sale price and original price. this can be a ton of money, thousands of dollars easily. the rule is: if you lived in a home for 2 out of the past 5 years, you don't have to pay the capital gains tax. so if you just moved, you have 3 years to sell. perhaps as a compromise you can try renting it for 3 years and then selling it a few months before the deadline.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "if banksimple.com is not a bank, what is it?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "the model itself is fairly common for serving particular niche markets. a few other organizations which operate in similar setups: prepaid card providers such as netspend, greendot, accountnow, etc; startups such as smartypig, perkstreet, wepay, and higherone. still, nobody else seems to be providing full-service online banking to mainstream customers the way we plan to. we plan to have much better security than most banks, which isn't hard given the current sorry state of online banking in the us. and having an intermediary who's looking out for your interests can be a good thing. david, my co-founder josh lays out our launch plans and why we are invite-only in his latest post. in short, we made a decision to build our own call center rather than outsource it, and that limits how quickly we can bring people on.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "can i deduct personal loans or use them as tax write offs?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "you will have to write it off as an offset of capital gains or as bad debt against personal income, limited to $3k/ yr. write off 3k this year, 2k next. here's the tax code, you'll need to file a form 8949, link below. https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc450/tc453 so, this requires that it is a loan, acknowledged by both you and the borrower, with terms of repayment and stated interest, as well as wording for late payments and time for delinquency. the loan document doesn't have to be fancy, but it must show a reasonable intention of repayment to distinguish it from a gift. then send out a 1099c for cancellation of debt. this is a starting point, it's a good idea to run everything by your tax processional to make sure you're meeting the requirements for bad debt with your contact and payment communication.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "best way to start investing, for a young person just starting their career?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i tell you how i started as an investor: read the writings of probably the best investor of the history and become familiarized with it: warren buffett. i highly recommend \"the essays of warren buffett\", where he provides a wise insight on how a company generates value, and his investment philosophy. you won't regret it! and also, specially in finance, don't follow the advice from people that you don't know, like me.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "what's the average rate of return for some of the most mainstream index funds?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "when asking about rate of return it is imperative to specify the time period. average over all time? average over the last 10 years? i've heard a good rule of thumb is 8-10% on average for all stocks over all time. that may be overstated now given the current economic climate. you can also look up fund sheets/fact sheets for major index funds. just google \"spy fund sheet\" or \"spy fact sheet\". it will tell you the annualized % return over a few different periods.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "what should i do with my paper financial documents?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "here's my approach: as for google docs, i think that its safe enough for most people. if you in a profession that was subject to heavy regulatory scrutiny, of if you are cheating on your taxes, i would probably not use a cloud provider. many providers will provide documents to government agencies without a subpoena or notice to you.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "short term parking of a large inheritance?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "what are the options available for safe, short-term parking of funds? savings accounts are the go-to option for safely depositing funds in a way that they remain accessible in the short-term. there are many options available, and any recommendations on a specific account from a specific institution depend greatly on the current state of banks. as you're in the us, if you choose to save funds in a savings account, it's important that you verify that the account (or accounts) you use are fdic insured. also be aware that the insurance limit is $250,000, so for larger volumes of money you may need to either break up your savings into multiple accounts, or consult a accredited investment fiduciary (aif) rather than random strangers on the internet. i received an inheritance check... money is a token we exchange for favors from other people. as their last act, someone decided to give you a portion of their unused favors. you should feel honored that they held you in such esteem. i have no debt at all and aside from a few deferred expenses you're wise to bring up debt. as a general answer not geared toward your specific circumstances: paying down debt is a good choice, if you have any. investment accounts have an unknown interest rate, whereas reducing debt is guaranteed to earn you the interest rate that you would have otherwise paid. creating new debt is a bad choice. it's common for people who receive large windfalls to spend so much that they put themselves in financial trouble. lottery winners tend to go bankrupt. the best way to double your money is to fold it in half and put it back in your pocket. i am not at all savvy about finances... the vast majority of people are not savvy about finances. it's a good sign that you acknowledge your inability and are willing to defer to others. ...and have had a few bad experiences when trying to hire someone to help me find an aif, preferably one from a largish investment firm. you don't want to be their most important client. you just want them to treat you with courtesy and give you simple, and sound investment advice. don't be afraid to shop around a bit. i am interested in options for safe, short \"parking\" of these funds until i figure out what i want to do. apart from savings accounts, some money market accounts and mutual funds may be appropriate for parking funds before investing elsewhere. they come with their own tradeoffs and are quite likely higher risk than you're willing to take while you're just deciding what to do with the funds. my personal recommendation* for your specific circumstances at this specific time is to put your money in an aspiration summit account purely because it has 1% apy (which is the highest interest rate i'm currently aware of) and is fdic insured. i am not affiliated with aspiration. i would then suggest talking to someone at vanguard or fidelity about your investment options. be clear about your expectations and don't be afraid to simply walk away if you don't like the advice you receive. i am not affiliated with vanguard or fidelity. * i am not a lawyer, fiduciary, or even a person with a degree in finances. for all you know i'm a dog on the internet.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "i can make a budget, but how can i get myself to consistently follow my budget?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "it's simple, really: practice. fiscal responsibility is not a trick you can learn look up on google, or a service you can buy from your accountant. being responsible with your money is a skill that is learned over a lifetime. the only way to get better at it is to practice, and not get discouraged when you make mistakes.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "estimated taxes fall short of tax liability how do i pay extra online (federal and nys)", "role": "user" }, { "content": "if you qualify for the safe harbor, you are not required to pay additional quarterly taxes. of course, you're still welcome to do so if you're sure you'll owe them; however, you will not be penalized. if your income is over $150k (joint) or $75k (single), your safe harbor is: estimated tax safe harbor for higher income taxpayers. if your 2014 adjusted gross income was more than $150,000 ($75,000 if you are married filing a separate return), you must pay the smaller of 90% of your expected tax for 2015 or 110% of the tax shown on your 2014 return to avoid an estimated tax penalty. generally, if you're under that level, the following reasons suggest you will not owe the tax (from the irs publication 505): the total of your withholding and timely estimated tax payments was at least as much as your 2013 tax. (see special rules for certain individuals for higher income taxpayers and farmers and fishermen.) the tax balance due on your 2014 return is no more than 10% of your total 2014 tax, and you paid all required estimated tax payments on time. your total tax for 2014 (defined later) minus your withholding is less than $1,000. you did not have a tax liability for 2013. you did not have any withholding taxes and your current year tax (less any household employment taxes) is less than $1,000. if you paid one-fourth of your last year's taxes (or of 110% of your last-year's taxes) in estimated taxes for each quarter prior to this one, you should be fine as far as penalties go, and can simply add the excess you know you will owe to the next check.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "are these scenarios considered as taxable income?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "for case 1, there is no tax due as you sold the book for less than your cost basis. if you had sold for more than $100, then you would have had a profit. for case 2, that depends on the value of the gift card with respect to the value of your fare. most likely that gift card is less than the cost of the fare. and in that case it would generally be treated as a reduction in the purchase price. the same way that rebates and cash back on credit card are treated. note if for some reason a 1099 was generated that would change the situation and you would need to consult a tax professional. since that would indicate that the other party to the transaction had a different view of the situation.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "online foreign exchange brokerages: which ones are good & reputable for smaller trades?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i used oanda.com for forex trading a couple years ago. i am in the us but i think it's available in the uk as well. at the time, they had no commissions and their spreads were comparable or better than other brokers. the spreads would just quite considerably when a big event like a fed meeting or the unemployment figures come out, but i suspect that that is the same everywhere (or they have constant spreads and reject trades). they did not push the high leverages like other brokers were at the time. i considered this to be very reputable, because though the profits to be gotten through 100:1 leverage are great advertising, the reality is that one unexpected spike and a newbie would lose a bunch of money in a margin call.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "personal finance software for mac that can track stocks and mutual funds? (even manual updating of share prices will do.)", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i currently use moneydance on my mac. before that i had used quicken on a pc until version 2007. it is pretty good, does most simple investment stuff just fine. it can automatically download prices for regular stocks. mutual funds i have to input by hand.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "should i trade in a car i own to lower my payments on a new lease?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "trade-in values are generally below what you can get in a private sale. to directly answer your question, you should sell the crossover yourself and use the balance to purchase your new vehicle. i would encourage you to use the $9k to finance directly without a lease, especially if you are planning on financing after the lease term. the lease will not save you money over the time you drive the vehicle in this case, and worse, will likely expose you to risk of having to pay additional fees if you break certain terms in the lease (mileage, wear and tear, etc) best option mathematically is to use the $9k to purchase a vehicle for cash. this provides the lowest total cost of ownership. even if you are afraid of purchasing a lemon, leasing a vehicle is awfully expensive insurance against that possibility. you would have to rack up some significant repairs to justify the cost of the lease vs cash over the term of operating the vehicle.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "what size nest egg should my husband and i have, and by what age?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "here's another answer on the topic: saving for retirement: how much is enough? an angle on it this question made me think of: a good approach here is to focus on savings rate (which you can control) rather than the final number (which you can't, plus it will fluctuate with the markets and make you nervous). for example, focus on saving at least 10% of your income annually (15% is much safer). if you focus on the final number: the way it works in the real world is that you save as much as you can, but there are lots of random factors and unknowns. some people end up having to work a lot longer than they hoped to. others end up able to retire early. others retire on time but have to spend less than they hoped. but the one thing you can often control (as long as you have an income and no catastrophes, anyway) is that you spend less than you make.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "should a retail trader bother about reading sec filings", "role": "user" }, { "content": "there are many different kinds of sec filings with different purposes. broadly speaking, what they have in common is that they are the ways that companies publicly disclose information that they are legally required to disclose. the page that you listed gives brief descriptions of many types, but if you click through to the articles on individual types of filings, you can get more info. one of the most commonly discussed filings is the 10-k, which is, as wikipedia says, \"a comprehensive summary of a company's financial performance\". this includes info like earnings and executive pay. one example of a form that some people believe has potential utility for investors is form 4, which is a disclosure of \"insider trading\". people with a privileged stake in a company (executives, directors, and major shareholders) cannot legally buy or sell shares without disclosing it by filing a form 4. some people think that you can make use of this information in the sense that if, for instance, the ceo of google buys a bunch of twitter stock, they may have some reason for thinking it will go up, so maybe you should buy it too. whether such inferences are accurate, and whether you can garner a practical benefit from them (i.e., whether you can manage to buy before everyone else notices and drives the price up) is debatable. my personal opinion would be that, for an average retail investor, readng sec filings is unlikely to be useful. the reason is that an average retail investor shouldn't be investing in individual companies at all, but rather in mutual funds or etfs, which typically provide comparable returns with far less risk. sec filings are made by individual companies, so it doesn't generally help you to read them unless you're going to take action related to an individual company. it doesn't generally make sense to take action related to an individual company if you don't have the time and energy to read a large number of sec filings to decide which company to take action on. if you have the time and energy to read a large number of sec filings, you're probably not an average retail investor. if you are a wheeler dealer who plays in the big leagues, you might benefit from reading sec filings. however, if you aren't already reading sec filings, you're probably not a wheeler dealer who plays in the big leagues. that said, if you're a currently-average investor with big dreams, it could be instructive to read a few filings to explore what you might do with them. you could, for instance, allocate a \"play money\" fund of a few thousand dollars and try your hand at following insider trades or the like. if you make some money, great; if not, oh well. realistically, though, there are so many people who make a living reading sec filings and acting on them every day that you have little chance of finding a \"diamond in the rough\" unless you also make a living by doing it every day. it's sort of like asking \"should i read boating monthly to improve my sailing skills?\" if you're asking because you want to rent a hobie cat and go for a pleasure cruise now and then, sure, it can't hurt. if you're asking because you want to enter the america's cup, you can still read boating monthly, but it won't in itself meaningfully increase your chances of winning the america's cup.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "how can small children contribute to the family economy?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "another suggestion i heard on the radio was to give the child the difference between the name brand they want, and the store brand they settle on. then that money can be accumulated as savings. saving money is as important a feature of the family economy as earning money. be careful with what you have a child do for reward vs what you have them do as a responsibility. don't set a dangerous precedent that certain work does not need to be done unless compensation is on the table. you might have a child who relies on external motivations only to do things, which can make school work and future employment hard. i would instead have my child do yard work, but while doing it explain opportunity costs of doing the work yourself vs hiring out. i would show my kid how saving money earns interest, and how that is essentially free money.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "is there any way to buy a new car directly from toyota without going through a dealership?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "yes, nothing is impossible! :) you can buy it directly from the factory of manufacturer, but then you will have to pay for sea shipping of this car. e.g. you can buy it directly from japanese toyota but then you will have to pay to sea cargo ship to deliver your car in container from japan. since this car is already your property, before importing to us, i doubt that you would need to pay any custom fees. in the end, the total payment might be a lot cheaper that you can buy there, but you need to be prepared to all this hassle", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "canceling credit cards - insurance rate increase?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "your credit score can be part of the algorithm for setting your rates for auto insurance. it is one of many factors including sex, age, zip code, driving record, type of car... there are some states that are concerned about using credit scores, some sates have passed legislation regarding this issue", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "uk: personal finance book for a twenty-something", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i will definitely recommend the following books the above books will open lot of eyes to exactly know what you are doing with your personal finances in a day to day basis.these books will surely be in the top of my list which i will be giving away to my kins in my later stage. the concepts are universally the same, feel free to skip the chapters which were us based. i live in uk and i read most of the above books in late twenties, it surely made lot of changes and also drastically improved my personal finance acumen. i wish i have read these books in my early twenties.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "what are the financial advantages of living in switzerland?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "in addition to what george said, there are other things that probably benefit switzerland:", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "why do people buy stocks that pay no dividend?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "shares in a company represent a portion of a company. if that company takes in money and doesn't pay it out as a dividend (e.g. apple), the company is still more valuable because it has cold hard cash as an asset. theoretically, it's all the same whether your share of the money is inside the company or outside the company; the only immediate difference is tax treatment. of course, for large bank accounts that means that an investment in the company is a mix of investment in the bank account and investment in the business-value of the company, which may stymie investors who aren't particularly interested in buying larve amounts of bank accounts (known for low returns) and would prefer to receive their share of the cash to invest elsewhere (or in the business portion of the company.) companies like apple have in fact taken criticism for this. your company could also use that cash to invest in itself (growing the value of its profits) or buy other companies that are worth money, essentially doing the job for you. of course, they can do the job well or they can do it poorly... a company could also be acquired by a larger company, or taken private, in exchange for cash or the stock of another company. this is another way that the company's value could be returned to its shareholders.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "are bic and swift code the same things?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "iban -> is international bank account number. the number is constructed in such a way that it uniquely identifies your account in the world. i.e. it has a country in it, bank (and branch) and the actual account number. this is an international standard adopted by the eu, australia and nz. going forward it would be sufficient to just quote the iban for payment without any other details. bic, swift code, swift bic, swift id [all mean the same] is a bank identifier code [more correctly business identifier code] that is again an international standard and used on all international payments. the swift bic is constructed as hence swift bic can be 8 chars or 11 chars. the additional 3 chars help bank identify the branch where the account is held and where the payment needs to be made. so loydgb2l is the main head office if your branch is, say, in canary wharf, the swift bic would be loydgb21 [21-> canary wharf] with a 3 digit branch added.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "why the need for human brokers while there are computers?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "there are still human brokers on the floor primarily due to tradition. their numbers have certainly dwindled, however, and it's reasonable to expect the number of floor traders to decrease even more as electronic trading continues to grow. a key reason for human brokers, however, is due to privacy. certain private exchanges such as dark pools maintain privacy for high profile clients and institutional investors, and human brokers are needed to execute anonymous deals in these venues. even in this region, however, technology is supplanting the need for brokers. i don't believe there is any human-broker-free stock exchange, but nasdaq and other traditionally otc (over the counter) exchanges are as close as it gets since they never even had trading floors.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "switch from dink to siwk: how do people afford kids?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "as this is anonymous, can you give us actual numbers? i can make guesses based on your percentages, but it would help. lets assume you both make $35k (since you said child care would take up the bulk of your wife's income, it must be fairly low incomes) the answer usually isn't a simple \"do this\", but small adjustments in your lifestyle which add up. church offering is 17%, the standard tithe is 10%. lower it? it's the most obvious large non-required expense. transportation is almost 10% of your income. if my numbers are right, that is somewhere around $500 per month? what kind of car/cars do you have? there are very cheap used cars which cost very little in upkeep / fuel. is it possible your cars are more expensive than needed? my wife and i bought a used car for around $8k in cash a few years ago. still running strong, only have done oil changes since then. food is 12%, which would be perhaps $600 or $700 per month. that seems awfully high. maybe i'm wrong about your salaries :) you said you were cheap, but now the numbers don't add up. mortgage of 35% ($2k with escrow if i'm guessing on salaries right) seems reasonable. i'm assuming you don't want to downsize, particularly if you're going to have kids. do you have a great mortgage rate? i assume you're on a 30 year fixed already?", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "how do held amounts appear on statements and affect balances of traditional credit cards?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "the \"hold\" is just placeholder that prevents you from overspending until the transaction is settled. the merchant isn't \"holding\" your money, your bank or card provider is protecting itself from you overdrawing. in general, it takes 1-3 days for a credit transaction to settle. with a credit card, this usually isn't an issue, unless you have a very low credit line or other unusual things going on. with pre-paid and debit cards, it is an issue, since your spending power is contingent upon you having an available balance. i'm a contrarian on this topic, but i don't see any compelling reason to use debit or stored value cards, other than preventing yourself from overspending. i've answered a few other questions in detail in this area, if you're interested.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "can someone explain the option chain of amd for me?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "the current price is $8.05. if you want the right to sell it to someone (put it to the buyer) for $10, you have to pay $2. since you're looking at an expiration that's so close, the \"in the money\" value is nearly the same as what it trades for. the jan 2013 sells for nearly $3.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "how do i adjust to a new social class?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "under what conditions did you move? my favourite method of judging prices objectively comes from concepts written in your money or your life by joe dominguez. essentially it normalizes money spent by making you figure out how much an item costs with respect to the number of hours you needed to work to afford it. i prefer that method versus comparing with others since it is objective for yourself and looks beyond just the bare prices.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "how can i get a mortgage i can't afford?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "save up a bigger downpayment. the lender's requirement is going to be based on how much you finance, not the price of the house.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "would it make sense to take a loan from a relative to pay off student loans?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "personally, i avoid making business deals with friends and relatives. there's just too much of a possibility that things can go wrong. let's assume that you're honest people and you have no intention of cheating your mother-in-law. still, all sorts of things could happen that could make it difficult for you to repay the loan. you could lose your job. you could get some big medical expense. etc. then what happens? then your financial problems become family problems. there's a strong temptation when people borrow from relatives to make paying the loan the lowest priority in their budget. \"i know i promised to pay \\$x per month, but things are really tight right now and mom should understand.\" maybe she does understand and can manage without it. but maybe not. and then it becomes a family fight. \"you promised you'd pay it back.\" \"and we will, we're having a hard time right now. can't you just give us a break?\" etc. or she might have some extra expense, and say, \"hey, can't you pay a little more this month? i really need some extra cash.\" \"i'm sorry, we're struggling just to make the regular payments, we can't.\" \"well i was willing to loan you all this money. the least you could do is pay me back when i need it.\" etc. you can end up ruining family relationships over money. your wife can find herself in the position of having to choose whether to side with her mother or her husband. etc. i'm sure plenty of people do things like this and it works out just great. but there are big risks. and by the way, apparently this was your idea, not your mother-in-laws. i wonder what her reaction is. is she eager to help out her daughter and son-in-law and had nothing in particular to do with the money anyway? or is she feeling very imposed on? it's one thing to ask relatives to let you borrow their car for the weekend. asking someone to loan you $50,000 is a very big request. if one of my kids asked me to loan them $50,000 from my retirement fund, i'd consider that a very presumptuous request. (unless they needed the money for life-saving surgery for my grandchild or some such.)", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "why would preferred shares have less potential for capital gain compared to common stock?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "true blue preferred shares are considered loose hybrids of credit and equity. they are more senior than common equity in bankruptcy liquidation but pay out a dividend which is not mandatory. financial institutions issue the bulk of genuine preferred shares because of their need for more flexibility than a bond but not so much that they can afford the cost to shareholders by diluting common equity. since it is a credit-like security that receives none of the income from operations but merely pays out a potentially unpredictable yet fixed amount of income, it will perform much more like a bond, rising when interest rates fall and vice versa, and since interest rates do not move to the extent of common equity valuations, preferreds' price variances will correspond much more to bonds than common equities. if the company stops paying the preferred dividend or looks to become in financial trouble, the price of the preferred share should be expected to fall. there are more modern preferred however. it has now become popular to fund intermediate startups with convertible preferred shares. because these are derivatives based upon the common equity, they can be expected to be much more variant.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "find stock composition of a publicly traded fund", "role": "user" }, { "content": "the big websites, yahoo and the like, only give the 10 biggest positions of any fund. download the annual report of the fund, go to page 18, you will find the positions on the 31st of december. however the actual positions could be different. the same applies to all funds. you need the annual report.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "what is the best use of spare money?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "there's a hellova lot to be said for investing in real estate (simple residential real estate), even though it's grandma's advice. the two critical elements are 1) it's the only realistic way for a civilian to get leverage. this is why it almost always blows away \"tinkering in the stock markets\" in the 10-year frame. 2) but perhaps more importantly - it's a really \"enforced\" saving plan. you just have to pay it off every month. there are other huge advantages like, it's the best possible equity for a civilian, so you can get loans in the future to start your dotcom, etc. try to buy yourself a very modest little flat (perhaps to rent out?) or even something like a garage or storeroom. real estate can crash, but it's very unlikely; it only happens in end of the world situations where it won't matter anyway. when real estate drops say 30% everyone yells about that being a \"crash\" - i've never, ever owned a stock that hasn't had 30% down times. food for thought!", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "u.s. mutual fund supermarkets: where are some good places to buy mutual funds?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "there are hundreds of entities which offer mutual funds - too many to adequately address here. if you need to pick one, just go with vanguard for the low low low fees. yes, this is important. a typical expense ratio of 1% may not sound like much until you realize that the annualized real rate of return on the stock market - after inflation - is about 4%... so the fund eats a quarter of your earnings. (vanguard's typical expense ratios are closer to 0.1-0.2%). if your company offers a tax-deferred retirement account such as a 401(k), you'll probably find it advantageous to use whatever funds that plan offers just to get the tax advantage, and roll over the account to a cheaper provider when you change employers. you can also buy mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (etfs) through most brokerages. e*trade has a nice mutual fund screener, with over 6700 mutual funds and 1180 etfs. charles schwab has one you can browse without even having an account.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "relation between interest rates and currency for a nation", "role": "user" }, { "content": "what you are asking about is called interest rate parity. or for a longer explanation the article interest rate parity at wikipedia. if the us has a rate of say zero, and the rate in elbonia is 10%, one believes that in a year the exchange rate will be shifted by 10%, i.e. it will take 1.1 unit of their currency to get the dollars one unit did prior. else, you'd always profit from such forex trades. (disclaimer - i am not claiming this to be true or false, just offering one theory that explains the rate difference effect on future exchange rates.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "equity - date of offer, or date of joining?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "tl;dr: the date they were granted. (usually, this follows both an offer and acceptance.) it's not uncommon for a new vesting clock to start when there's a new round of funding coming in, because the investors want to make sure the key people are going to be engaged and incentivized going forward from that point. they don't lower their expectations for how long they want folks engaged based on the person having started earlier. non-institutional investors may have the same concerns as institutional investors here and use the same vesting strategy to address them. primary recognition of the benefits from having had people start earlier or be there longer (so long as it correlates with having gotten more done) is embedded in the valuation (which affects how much founders' shares are diluted in the raise).", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "should i invest in the world's strongest currency instead of my home currency?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "a currency that is strong right now is one that is expensive for you to buy. the perfect one would be a currency that is weak now but will get stronger; the worst currency is one that is strong today and gets weak. if a currency stays unchanged it doesn't matter whether it is weak or strong today as long as it doesn't get weaker / stronger. (while this advice is correct, it is useless for investing since you don't know which currencies will get weaker / stronger in the future). investing in your own currency means less risk. your local prices are usually not affected by currency change. if you safe for retirement and want to retire in a foreign country, you might consider in that country's currency.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "how to convert coins into paper money or deposit coins into bank account, without your bank in local?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "ask around your area. some stores will exchange because it saves them having to go to the bank to stock up on change. some stores have machines that will convert the coins for a small percentage fee. some banks may do this exchange for folks who aren't customers, though that's uncommon. my solution was to open a small account locally specifically as a place to dump my coins into. they'll even run a pile of coins through their counting machine for me, free, so i don't have to make up coin rolls as i did in the past.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "intrinsic value of non-voting shares which don't pay dividends", "role": "user" }, { "content": "some companies offer discounts for shareholders. i believe disney used to do so, for example; if your family was doing the disneyland-every-year routine that could be a significant benefit.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "if i short-sell a dividend-paying stock, do i have to pay the dividend?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "you could hold a long position in some company xxxx and then short your own shares (assuming your broker will let you do that). the dividend that would have gone to you would then go to whoever is holding the shares you short sold. you just don't get a dividend. if you're going to short in a smart way... do it on a stock you otherwise believe in, but use it to minimize the pull-backs on the way up.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "why do moving average acts as support and resistance?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "as you point out, the moving average is just ma(k)t = (pt-1 + … + pt-k )/k and is applied in technical analysis (ta) to smooth out volatile (noise) price action. if it has any logic to it, you might want to think in terms of return series (pt - pt-1 / pt-1) and you could hypothesize that prices are in fact predictable and will oscillate below and above a running moving average. below is a link to a study on ma trading rules, published in the journal of finance, with the conclusion of predictive power and abnormal returns from such strategies. as with any decision made upon historical arguments, one should be aware of structural changes and or data mining. simple technical trading rules and the stochastic properties of stock returns brock, w., j. lakonishok and b. le baron, 1992, simple technical trading rules and the stochastic properties of stock returns, journal of finance, 47, 1731-64. ma rules betterthan chance in us stock market, 1897-1986 i don't know whether you are new to ta or not, but a great commercial site, with plenty of computer-generated signals is finviz.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "what is a typical investment portfolio made up of?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "an investment portfolio is typically divided into three components: all three of those can be accessed through mutual funds or etfs. a 401(k) will probably have a small set of mutual funds for you to pick from. mutual funds may charge you silly expenses if you pick a bad one. look at the prospectus for the expense ratio. if it's over 1% you're definitely paying too much. if it's over 0.5% you're probably paying too much. if it's less than 0.1% you have a really good deal. us stocks are generally the core holding until you move into retirement (or get close to spending the money on something else if it's not invested for retirement). international stocks are riskier than us stocks, but provide opportunity for diversification and better returns than the us stocks. bonds, or fixed-income investments, are generally very safe, but have limited opportunities for returns. they tend to do better when stocks are doing poorly. when you've got a while to invest, you should be looking at riskier investments; when you don't, you should be looking for safer investments. a quick (and rough) rule of thumb is that \"your age should match the portion of your portfolio in bonds\". so if you're 50 years old and approaching retirement in 15 years or so, you should have about 50% in bonds. roughly. people whose employment and future income is particularly tied to one sector of the market would also do well to avoid investing there, because they already are at risk if it performs badly. for instance, if you work in the technology sector, loading up on tech stocks is extra risky: if there's a big bust, you're not just out of a job, your portfolio is dead as well. more exotic options are available to diversify a portfolio: while many portfolios could benefit from these sorts of holdings, they come with their own advantages and disadvantages and should be researched carefully before taking a significant stake in them.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "should i get cash from credit card at 0% for 8 months and put it on loans?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "on the face, this appears a sound method to manage long run cumulative interest, but there are some caveats. maxing out credit cards will destroy your credit rating. you will receive no more reasonable offers for credit, only shady ones. though your credit rating will rise the moment you bring the balance back down to 10%, even with high income, it's easy to overshoot the 8 months, and then a high interest rate kicks in because of the low credit rating. further, maxing out credit cards will encourage credit card lenders to begin cutting limits and at worse demand early payment. now, after month 6 hits, your financial payment obligations skyrocket. a sudden jolt is never easy to manage. this will increase risk of missing a payment, a disaster for such hair line financing. in short, the probability of decimating your financial structure is high for very little benefit. if you are confident that you can pay off $4,000 in 8 months then simply apply those payments to the student loan directly, cutting out the middle man. your creditors will be pleased to see your total liabilities fall at a high rate while your utilization remains small, encouraging them to offer you more credit and lower rates. the ideal credit card utilization rate is 10%, so it would be wise to use that portion to repay the student loans. building up credit will allow you to use the credit as an auxiliary cushion when financial disaster strikes. keeping an excellent credit rating will allow you to finance the largest home possible for your money. every percentage point of mortgage interest can mean the difference between a million usd home and a $750,000 one.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "evidence for timing market in the short run?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "this is the s&p a bit over 20 years. if you've discovered a way to sell at 1400 in 2000, buy at 800 or so in 2003, sell again, well, you get the idea. there's strong evidence the typical investor hears the s&p is making new highs and rushes in. it's this influx that may send stocks higher from here, until the smart money senses 'overbought' and bails. i am not the smart money, but my ability to ignore emotion, and use asset allocation naturally had me selling a bit into each run up, and of course buying during downturns. not all or none, and not with any perfect timing, just at year end when i'm rebalancing. i am not a fan of short term timing, although i do respect victor's observations and excellent example of when it's been shown to work.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "what should i do with the 50k i have sitting in a european bank?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "unfortunately i do not have much experience with european banks. however, i do know of ways to earn interest on bank accounts. cds (certificates of deposit) are a good way to earn interest. its basically a savings account that you cannot touch for a fixed rate of time. you can set it from an average of 6 months to 12 months. you can pull the money out early if there is an emergency as well. i would also look into different types of bank accounts. if you go with an account other than a free one, the interest rate will be higher and as long as you have the minimum amount required you should not be charged. hope i was able to help!", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "calculate future value with recurring deposits", "role": "user" }, { "content": "using the following values: the formula for the future value of an annuity due is d*(((1 + i)^t - 1)/i)*(1 + i) see calculating the present and future value of annuities in an annuity due, a deposit is made at the beginning of a period and the interest is received at the end of the period. this is in contrast to an ordinary annuity, where a payment is made at the end of a period. the formula is derived, by induction , from the summation of the future values of every deposit. the initial value, with interest accumulated for all periods, can simply be added. so the overall formula is", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "ongoing things to do and read to improve knowledge of finance?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i'm another programmer, i guess we all just like complicated things, or got here via stackoverflow. obligatory tedious but accurate point: investing is not personal finance, in fact it's maybe one of the less important parts of it. see this answer: where to start with personal finance? obligatory warning for software developer type minds: getting into investing because it's complicated and therefore fun is a really awful idea from a financial perspective. or see behavioral finance research on how analytical/professional/creative type people are often terrible at investing, while even-tempered practical people are better. the thing with investing is that inaction is better than action, tried and true is better than creative, and simple is better than complicated. so if you're like me and many programmers and like creative, complicated action - not good for the wallet. you've been warned. that said. :-) stuff i read in general i hate reading too much financial information because i think it makes me take ill-advised actions. the actions i most need to take have to do with my career and my spending patterns. so i try to focus on reading about software development, for example. or i answer questions on this site, which at least might help someone out, and i enjoy writing. for basic financial news and research, i prefer morningstar.com, especially if you get the premium version. the writing has more depth, it's often from qualified financial analysts, and with the paid version you get data and analysis on thousands of funds and stocks, instead of a small number as with motley fool newsletters. i don't follow morningstar regularly anymore, instead i use it for research when i need to pick funds in a 401k or whatever. another caveat on morningstar is that the \"star ratings\" on funds are dumb. look at the analyst picks and the analyst writeups instead. i just flipped through my rss reader and i have 20-30 finance-related blogs in there collecting unread posts. it looks like the only one i regularly read is http://alephblog.com/ which is sort of random. but i find david merkel very thoughtful and interesting. he's also a conservative without being a partisan hack, and posts frequently. i read the weekly market comment at http://hussmanfunds.com/ as well. most weeks it says the market is overvalued, so that's predictable, but the interesting part is the rationale and the other ideas he talks about. i read a lot of software-related blogs and there's some bleed into finance, especially from the vc world; blogs like http://www.avc.com/ or http://bhorowitz.com/ or whatever. anyway i spend most of my reading time on career-related stuff and i think this is also the correct decision from a financial perspective. if you were a doctor, you'd be better off reading about doctoring, too. i read finance-related books fairly often, i guess there are other threads listing ideas on that front. i prefer books about principles rather than a barrage of daily financial news and questionable ideas. other than that, i keep up with headlines, just reading the paper every day including business-related topics is good enough. if there's some big event in the financial markets, it'll show up in the regular paper. take a class i initially learned about finance by reading a pile of books and alongside that taking the cfp course and the first cfa course. both are probably equivalent to about a college semester worth of work, but you can plow through them in a couple months each if you focus. you can just do the class (and take the exam if you like), without having to go on and actually get the work experience and the certifications. i didn't go on to do that. this sounds like a crazy thing to do, and it kind of is, but i think it's also sort of crazy to expect to be competent on a topic without taking some courses or otherwise getting pretty deep into the material. if you're a normal person and don't have time to take finance courses, you're likely better off either keeping it super-simple, or else outsourcing if you can find the right advisor: what exactly can a financial advisor do for me, and is it worth the money? when it's inevitably complex (e.g. as you approach retirement) then an advisor is best. my mom is retiring soon and i found her a professional, for example. i like having a lot of knowledge myself, because it's just the only way i could feel comfortable. so for sure i understand other people wanting to have it too. but what i'd share from the other side is that once you have it, the conclusion is that you don't have enough knowledge (or time) to do anything fancy anyway, and that the simple answers are fine. check out http://www.amazon.com/smart-simple-financial-strategies-people/dp/0743269942 investing for fun isn't investing for profit many people recommend motley fool (i see two on this question already!). the site isn't evil, but the problem (in my opinion) is that it promotes an attitude toward and a style of investing that isn't objectively justifiable for practical reasons. essentially i don't think optimizing for making money and optimizing for having fun coexist very well. if investing is your chosen hobby rather than fishing or knitting, then motley fool can be fun with their tone and discussion forums, but other people in forums are just going to make you go wrong money-wise; see behavioral finance research again. talking to others isn't compatible with ice in your decision-making veins. also, motley fool tends to pervasively make it sound like active investing is easier than it is. there's a reason the chartered financial analyst curriculum is a few reams of paper plus 4 years of work experience, rather than reading blogs. practical investing (\"just buy the target date fund\") can be super easy, but once you go beyond that, it's not. i don't really agree with the \"anyone can do it and it's not work!\" premise, any more than i think that about lawyering or doctoring or computer programming. after 15 years i'm a programming expert; after some courses and a lot of reading, i'm not someone who could professionally run an actively-managed portfolio. i think most of us need to have the fun part separate from the serious cash part. maybe literally distinct accounts that you keep at separate brokerages. or just do something else for fun, besides investing. morningstar has this problem too, and finance.yahoo.com, and bloomberg, i mean, they are all interested in making you think about investing a lot more than you ought to. they all have an incentive to convince you that the latest headlines make a difference, when they don't. bottom line, i don't think personal finance changes very quickly; the details of specific mutual funds change, and there's always some new twist in the tax code, but the big picture is pretty stable. i think going in-depth (say, read the chartered financial analyst curriculum materials) would teach you a lot more than reading blogs frequently. the most important things to work on are income (career) and spending (to maximize income minus spending). that's where time investment will pay off. i know it's annoying to argue the premise of the question rather than answering, but i did try to mention a couple things to read somewhere in there ;-)", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "how is money actually made from the buying or selling of options?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "not all call options that have value at expiration, exercise by purchasing the security (or attempting to, with funds in your account). on etns, they often (always?) settle in cash. as an example of an option i'm currently looking at, avspy, it settles in cash (please confirm by reading the documentation on this set of options at http://www.nasdaqomxtrader.com/micro.aspx?id=alpha, but it is an example of this). there's nothing it can settle into (as you can't purchase the avspy index, only options on it). you may quickly look (wikipedia) at the difference between \"american style\" options and \"european style\" options, for more understanding here. interestingly i just spoke to my broker about this subject for a trade execution. before i go into that, let me also quickly refer to joe's answer: what you buy, you can sell. that's one of the jobs of a market maker, to provide liquidity in a market. so, when you buy a stock, you can sell it. when you buy an option, you can sell it. that's at any time before expiration (although how close you do it before the closing bell on expiration friday/saturday is your discretion). when a market maker lists an option price, they list a bid and an ask. if you are willing to sell at the bid price, they need to purchase it (generally speaking). that's why they put a spread between the bid and ask price, but that's another topic not related to your question -- just note the point of them buying at the bid price, and selling at the ask price -- that's what they're saying they'll do. now, one major difference with options vs. stocks is that options are contracts. so, therefore, we can note just as easily that you can sell the option on something (particularly if you own either the underlying, or an option deeper in the money). if you own the underlying instrument/stock, and you sell a call option on it, this is a strategy typically referred to as a covered call, considered a \"risk reduction\" strategy. you forfeit (potential) gains on the upside, for money you receive in selling the option. the point of this discussion is, is simply: what one buys one can sell; what one sells one can buy -- that's how a \"market\" is supposed to work. and also, not to think that making money in options is buying first, then selling. it may be selling, and either buying back or ideally that option expiring worthless. -- now, a final example. let's say you buy a deep in the money call on a stock trading at $150, and you own the $100 calls. at expiration, these have a value of $50. but let's say, you don't have any money in your account, to take ownership of the underlying security (you have to come up with the additional $100 per share you are missing). in that case, need to call your broker and see how they handle it, and it will depend on the type of account you have (e.g. margin or not, ira, etc). generally speaking though, the \"margin department\" makes these decisions, and they look through folks that have options on things that have value, and are expiring, and whether they have the funds in their account to absorb the security they are going to need to own. exchange-wise, options that have value at expiration, are exercised. but what if the person who has the option, doesn't have the funds to own the whole stock? well, ideally on monday they'll buy all the shares with the options you have at the current price, and immediately liquidate the amount you can't afford to own, but they don't have to. i'm mentioning this detail so that it helps you see what's going or needs to go on with exchanges and brokerages and individuals, so you have a broader picture.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "do etf dividends make up for fees?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "any etf has expenses, including fees, and those are taken out of the assets of the fund as spelled out in the prospectus. typically a fund has dividend income from its holdings, and it deducts the expenses from the that income, and only the net dividend is passed through to the etf holder. in the case of qqq, it certainly will have dividend income as it approximates a large stock index. the prospectus shows that it will adjust daily the reported net asset value (nav) to reflect accrued expenses, and the cash to pay them will come from the dividend cash. (if the dividend does not cover the expenses, the nav will decline away from the modeled index.) note that the nav is not the etf price found on the exchange, but is the underlying value. the price tends to track the nav fairly closely, both because investors don't want to overpay for an etf or get less than it is worth, and also because large institutions may buy or redeem a large block of shares (to profit) when the price is out of line. this will bring the price closer to that of the underlying asset (e.g. the nasdaq 100 for qqq) which is reflected by the nav.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "what happens to an earnest money deposit if underwriting falls through?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "your purchase and sale agreement should have a financing contingency. if it doesn't, your money may be at risk, and the agent did you no favor. edit - i answered when away from computer. this is a snapshot of the standard clause from the greater boston real estate board. each state has its own standard documents. the normal process is to have some level of prequalification, showing a high probability of final approval, make offer, then after it's accepted, this form is part of the purchase and sale process.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "previous owner of my home wants to buy it back but the property's value is less than my loan what to do?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i would tell the former owner that you will sell him the house for you current loan balance. he wants the home, he may be willing to pay what you owe. you can't really do a short sale unless you are behind on your payments. banks only agree to a short sale when they think they are going to have to foreclose on the property. not to mention a short sale is almost as bad as a foreclosure and will wreck your credit. if the former buying is not willing to buy the house for what you owe your only real option is to come up with the difference. if he offers you say $50k less than you owe, you will have to give the mortgage holder the remaining balance $50k in this example for them to release the property. another problem you will face, if the former owner is willing to pay more than what the house is worth, and he is going to finance it, he will have to have enough cash to put down so that the loan amount is not more than the property is worth. finally if none of that works you can just hold on to the property until the value comes up or you mortgage is payed down enough to make the balance of the mortgage less than the value of the house. then offer the property to the former owner again.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "opening a bank account with cash: how should bills be presented?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "banks have electronic money counters so the order really doesn't matter. when i make a cash deposit that's large, i usually just put it in an envelope and hand it over.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "how much would it cost me to buy one gold futures contract on comex?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "when you buy a futures contract you are entering into an agreement to buy gold, in the future (usually a 3 month settlement date). this is not an option, but a contract, so each party is taking risk, the seller that the price will rise, the buyer that the price will fall. unlike an option which you can simply choose not to exercise if the price goes down, with futures you are obligated to follow through. (or sell the contract to someone else, or buy it back) the price you pay depends on the margin, which is related to how far away the settlement date is, but you can expect around 5% , so the minimum you could get into is 100 troy ounces, at todays price, times 5%. since we're talking about 100 troy ounces, that means the margin required to buy the smallest sized future contract would be about the same as buying 5 ounces of gold. roughly $9k at current prices. if you are working through a broker they will generally require you to sell or buy back the contract before the settlement date as they don't want to deal with actually following through on the purchase and having to take delivery of the gold. how much do you make or lose? lets deal with a smaller change in the price, to be a bit more realistic since we are talking typically about a settlement date that is 3 months out. and to make the math easy lets bump the price of gold to $2000/ounce. that means the price of a futures contract is going to be $10k lets say the price goes up 10%, well you have basically a 20:1 leverage since you only paid 5%, so you stand to gain $20,000. sounds great right? wrong.. because as good as the upside is, the downside is just as bad. if the price went down 10% you would be down $20000, which means you would not only have to cough up the 10k you committed but you would be expected to 'top up the margin' and throw in another $10,000 as well. and if you can't pay that up your broker might close out your position for you. oh and if the price hasn't changed, you are mostly just out the fees and commissions you paid to buy and sell the contract. with futures contracts you can lose more than your original investment. not for the faint of heart or the casual investor. not for folks without large reserves who can afford to take big losses if things go against them. i'll close this answer with a quote from the site i'm linking below the large majority of people who trade futures lose their money. that's a fact. they lose even when they are right in the medium term, because futures are fatal to your wealth on an unpredicted and temporary price blip. now consider that, especially the bit about 'price blip' and then look at the current volatility of most markets right now, and i think you can see how futures trading can be as they say 'fatal to your wealth' (man, i love that phrase, what a great way of putting it) this site has a pretty decent primer on the whole thing. their view is perhaps a bit biased due to the nature of their business, but on the whole their description of how things work is pretty decent. investopedia has a more detailed (and perhaps more objective) tutorial on the futures thing. well worth your time if you think you want to do anything related to the futures market.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "can the delta be used to calculate the option premium given a certain target?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "one thing i would like to clear up here is that black scholes is just a model that makes some assumptions about the dynamics of the underlying + a few other things and with some rather complicated math, out pops the black scholes formula. black scholes gives you the \"real\" price under the assumptions of the model. your definition of what a \"real\" price entails will depend on what assumptions you make. with that being said, black scholes is popular for pricing european options because of the simplicity and speed of using an analytic formula as opposed to having a more complex model that can only be evaluated using a numerical method, as dumbcoder mentioned (should note that, for many other types of derivative contracts, e.g. american or bermudan style exercise, the black scholes analytic formula is not appropriate). the other important thing to note here is that the market does not necessarily need to agree with the assumptions made in the black scholes model (and they most certainly do not) to use it. if you look at implied vols for a set of options which have the same expiration but differing strike prices, you may find that the implied vols for each contract differ and this information is telling you to what degree the traders in the market for those contracts disagree with the lognormal distribution assumption made by black scholes. implied vol is generally the thing to look at when determining cheapness/expensiveness of an option contract. with all that being said, what i'm assuming you are interested in is either called a \"delta-gamma approximation\" or more generally \"greek/sensitivities based profit and loss attribution\" (in case you wanted to google some more about it). here is an example that is relevant to your question. let's say we had the following european call contract: popping this in to bs formula gives you a premium of $4.01, delta of 0.3891 and gamma of 0.0217. let's say you bought it, and the price of the stock immediately moves to 55 and nothing else changes, re-evaluating with the bs formula gives ~6.23. whereas using a delta-gamma approximation gives: the actual math doesn't work out exactly and that is due to the fact that there are higher order greeks than gamma but as you can see here clearly they do not have much of an impact considering a 10% move in the underlying is almost entirely explained by delta and gamma.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "how do i find the mappings between sedol and isin codes?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "you can get this information through bloomberg, but it's a paid service.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "friend was brainwashed by mlm-/ponzi investment scam. what can i do?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "as others have stated, it will be very difficult for you to turn your friend around. he has already demonstrated great commitment. what can i do? there may be other people (perhaps mutual friends of you and this man) who are in danger. he may try to get them into this (as he apparently tried to with you). if this was me, i would try to warn the mutual friends of me and him. it's easier to get to them before they have been exposed to the brainwashing. so i would: yes, i realize this means you're going behind his back, talking to his friends, etc. but i believe these people also deserve to be warned. they are in danger of being adversely affected by what he is doing.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "is it better to buy put options or buy an inverse leveraged etf?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "depends on how far down the market is heading, how certain you are that it is going that way, when you think it will fall, and how risk-averse you are. by \"better\" i will assume you are trying to make the most money with this information that you can given your available capital. if you are very certain, the way that makes the most money for the least investment from the options you provided is a put. if you can borrow some money to buy even more puts, you will make even more. use your knowledge of how far and when the market will fall to determine which put is optimal at today's prices. but remember that if the market stays flat or goes up you lose everything you put in and may owe extra to your creditor. a short position in a futures contract is also an easy way to get extreme leverage. the extremity of the leverage will depend on how much margin is required. futures trade in large denominations, so think about how much you are able to put to risk. the inverse etfs are less risky and offer less reward than the derivative contracts above. the levered one has twice the risk and something like twice the reward. you can buy those without a margin account in a regular cash brokerage, so they are easier in that respect and the transactions cost will likely be lower. directly short selling an etf or stock is another option that is reasonably accessible and only moderately risky. on par with the inverse etfs.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "should i buy out my brother on a property we will inherit before making improvements?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "if your father is still able to make financial decisions and sign contracts, i see a better option. have your father borrow against his equity to finance the renovation. example: the house is worth 400 now. he can borrow 100 against that. he spends it on the addition, making the house worth 500, with the same 400 of equity as before. (in some cases, spending 100 might add 150 to the house value, but let's assume here the increase is just what was spent.) when he dies, the mortgage has to be repaid. if he has no other money (that the two of you would otherwise split) then the mortgage has to be repaid by the two of you putting in cash. so you pay your brother 250 (half the new total value of the house) but he gives 50 of that to the bank for the mortgage. you also give 50 of your own money to the bank for the mortgage. net result: your brother has 200 (the same as if he had inherited half the unimproved house), and you have a 500 house after paying out 300. your gain is also the same as if the house was unimproved. now if the house went up 150 by spending 100, or went up 60 by spending 100, you and your brother would also be sharing this profit or loss. if you don't want that to happen, you will need a different agreement. the advantage of the approach i'm suggesting is you just need one appraisal after your father dies. not accounted for in this is that you lived (without paying rent) in your father's house for some time, and that you worked (without being paid) as a caregiver to your father for that time. some families might think those two things balanced, others might feel you need to be compensated for caring for him, and others that you need to compensate the others for your benefit of living in the large house. be sure to discuss this with your brother so that you agree in advance whether a plan is fair or not.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "is there a free, online stock screener for uk stocks?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i use and recommend barchart.com. again you have to register but it's free. although it's a us system it has a full listing of uk stocks and etfs under international > london. the big advantage of barchart.com is that you can do advanced technical screening with stochastics and rs, new highs and lows, moving averages etc. you're not stuck with just fundamentals, which in my opinion belong to a previous era. even if you don't share that opinion you'd still find barchart.com useful for uk stocks.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "a calculator that takes into account portfolio rebalancing?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "my answer is microsoft excel. google \"vba for dummies\" (seriously) and find out if your brokerage offers an 'api'. with a brief understanding of coding you can get a spreadsheet that is live connected to your brokers data stream. say you have a spreadsheet with the 1990 value of each in the first two columns (cells a1 and b1). maybe this formula could be the third column, it'll tell you how much to buy or sell to rebalance them. then to iterate the rebalance, set both a2 and b2 to =c1 and drag the formula through row 25, one row for each year. it'll probably be a little more work than that, but you get the idea.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "what are preferred stocks? how are they different from normal (common) stocks?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i seem not to be able to comment on the first answer due to reputation, so i'll aim to enhanced the first answer which is generally good but with these caveats: 1) dividends are not \"guaranteed\" to preferred shareholders. rather, preferred shareholders are normally in line ahead (i.e. in preference to or \"preferred\") of common shareholders in terms of dividend payment. this is an extremely important distinction, because unlike investments that we generally consider \"guaranteed\" such as cds (known as gics in canada), a company's board can suspend the dividend at anytime for long periods of time without significant repercussions -- whereas a missed payment to a bank or secured bondholder can often push a company into bankruptcy very quickly. 2) due to point 1), it is extremely important to know the \"convenants\" or rules sorrounding both the preferred shares you are buying and the other more senior creditors of that issuing company (i.e. taxes (almost always come first), banks loans, leases, bonds etc.). it is also important to know if a particular preferred share has \"cumulative\" dividends. you generally only want to buy preferred's that have \"cumulative\" dividends, since that means that anytime the company misses a payment, they must pay those dividends first before any other dividends at the same or lower priority in the future. 3) unlike a common stock, your upside on a preferred stock is relatively fixed: you get a fixed share of the company's profit and that's it, whereas a common shareholder gets everything that's left over after interest and preferred dividends are paid. so if the company does really well you will theoretically do much better with common stock over time. for the above reasons, it is generally advisable to think of preferred shares as being more similar to really risky bonds in the same company, rather than similar to common stock. of course, if you are an advanced investor there are a lot more variables in play such as tax considerations and whether the preferred have special options attached to them such conversion into common shares.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "1040 or 1040nr this time?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "since you were a nonresident alien student on f-1 visa then you will be considered engaged in a trade or business in the usa. you must file form 1040nr. here is the detailed instruction by irs - http://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/taxation-of-nonresident-aliens", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "is there a reverse wash sale rule?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "yes, the newly bought shares will have a long-term holding period, regardless of when you sell them. in addition, it's only a wash sale if you sold the first shares for a loss; it's not a wash sale if you sold them for a gain. wikipedia mentions this: when a wash sale occurs, the holding period for the replacement stock includes the period you held the stock you sold. example: you've held shares of xyz for 10 years. you sell it at a loss but then buy it back within the wash sale period. when you sell the replacement stock, your gain or loss will be long-term — no matter how soon you sell it. charles schwab also mentions this: here's a quick example of a wash sale. on 9/30/xx, you buy 500 shares of abc at $10 per share. one year later the stock price starts to drop, and you sell all your shares at $9 per share on 10/4/xy. two days later, on 10/6, abc bottoms out at $8 and you buy 500 shares again. this series of trades triggers a wash sale. the holding period of the original shares will be added to the holding period of the replacement shares, effectively leaving you with a long-term position.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "would i qualify for a usda loan?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "you probably won't get a mortgage. udsa has a 41% ratio of monthly debt to monthly income limit, and a score of 660 or better. a 250,000 mortgage at current rates for 30 year mortgage is about $1560/mo. (included in this figure is the 1% mortgage insurance premium, the .4% annual fee, the current rate for a 660 credit rating, the 2% points fee added at the front of the mortgage, typical closing cost added to transaction, and the .5% fee for over-mortgage insurance for the first 3 years since your mortgage will be higher than the value of the house due to these additional fees) credit card payments = $120 ($60 times 2) car payments = $542 ($271 for your car, $271 for the car you will be getting) student loan = $50/month child support = $500/month total = $2772/month your income per month is 82000/12 = $6833/month $2772/$6833 = 40.6%... this is awfully close to the limit, so they likely would also look at your ability to save. not seeing savings in the above example, i assume it is low. usda site one mortgage help site breaks down some of the requirements into layman's language. not knowing your exact location (county/state) and how many children you have, it is hard to be sure whether you make too much to qualify. this link shows the income limits by number of people in the house and the county/state. there are few places in which you could be living that would qualify you to any of their programs unless you have a several children. as others have posted, i suggest you get your debt down.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "am i responsible for an annual fee on a credit card i never picked up?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "in the end, i was not required to pay the fee. after some frustrating initial attempts, i ended up writing a letter and sending a copy to card services, customer support, complaints and the legal department. it basically said: 1 - i never signed anything. 2 - i spoke to a very aggressive person at the airport who told me that she was just taking down my information in order to send information about the card, and that i was under no obligation 3 - i never received a card, activated a card, or used a card. 4 - i want this charge canceled immediately 5 - if this ever shows up on my credit report, i will contact my lawyer regarding this unscrupulous business practice. after that i received a notice in the mail confirming that everything had been cancelled and all charges were reversed.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "what expenses do most people not prepare for that turn into emergencies but are not covered by an emergency fund?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "here's a few. is this what you're looking for? also this should probably be a community wiki.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "what's the difference when asked for debit or credit by a store when using credit and debit cards?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "just to add about using debit card as \"credit\" vs \"debit\" way: in addition to the difference of having to enter the pin when using \"debit\" mode (vs having to sign in \"credit\" mode), for stores that offer cash back (i.e. get cash out of your account at the same time as paying), you can only get cash back when using \"debit\" mode.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "if you buy something and sell it later on the same day, how do you calculate 'investment'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "nothing wrong with the other answers, but here's a \"trick\" to hopefully make it totally transparent. imagine that you're not the one implementing this business plan, but someone else is. let's call this other person your asset manager. so on the first day, you give your asset manager $9. he takes this and generates $1 profit from it, recovering the $9 which he then reinvests to generate $1 profit every day. from your perspective, you just gave him $9. at the end of the year, he gives you $365 in addition to your original investment of $9 (in real life he'd take the fees of course, or perhaps he's been lending out the money he's been accumulating and taking the interest from that as pay for his services). so your return on investment is 365 / 9 * 100 % > 4000 %, as claimed by your source.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "should i stockpile nickels?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "the collectible value of coins will probably increase with the underlying metal value. i'd collect coins for that reason and because i enjoy collecting them. i wouldn't recommend buying bags of rolled nickels or anything though.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "is a stock's trade size history publicly available?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "my broker and probably many brokers provide this information in a table format under \"course of sale\". it provides the time, price and volume of each trade on that day. you could also view this data on a chart in some charting programs. just set the interval to \"tick by tick\" and look at the volume. \"tick by tick\" will basically place a mark for every trade that is taken and then the volume will tell you the size of that trade.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "should you co-sign a personal loan for a friend/family member? why/why not?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i know this question has a lot of answers already, but i feel the answers are phrased either strongly against, or mildly for, co-signing. what it amounts down to is that this is a personal choice. you cannot receive reliable information as to whether or not co-signing this loan is a good move due to lack of information. the person involved is going to know the person they would be co-signing for, and the people on this site will only have their own personal preferences of experiences to draw from. you know if they are reliable, if they will be able to pay off the loan without need for the banks to come after you. this site can offer general theories, but i think it should be kept in mind that this is wholly a personal decision for the person involved, and them alone to make based on the facts that they know and we do not.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "is my wash sale being calculated incorrectly?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "strangely enough, you have a wash sale, but, for the fact that you sold the shares and then more than 30 days passed, you can take the loss. i mistakenly used the phrase \"and ended the year with no shared of the stock\" elsewhere, and was corrected, as one can sell at a loss up to 12/31, and have until the end of january to create a wash condition. in your case, the facts in june combined with you ending the year with no shares removes any doubt, a wash sale, but one that's fully closed out. note - while vicky's answer is correct, it should go on to say that once the stock is not owned for 30 days, the wash sale loss is permitted.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "does wash sale apply if i buy stock on 2 two different dates and sell it later", "role": "user" }, { "content": "is wash rule applicable for this? no - because you made a gain on the sale. you paid $13,500 for the stock and sold it for $14,250. the wash rule prevents you from claiming a loss if you buy the same stock again within 30 days. you have no loss to claim, so the rule does not apply.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "short term capital gains tax vs. ira withdrawal tax w/o quarterly est. taxes", "role": "user" }, { "content": "there is not a special rate for short-term capital gains. only long-term gains have a special rate. short-term gains are taxed at your ordinary-income rate (see here). hence if you're in the 25% bracket, your short-term gain would be taxed at 25%. the ira withdrawal, as you already mentioned, would be taxed at 25%, plus a 10% penalty, for 35% total. thus the bite on the ira withdrawal is larger than that on a non-ira withdrawal. as for the estimated tax issue, i don't think there will be a significant difference there. the reason is that (traditional) ira withdrawals count as ordinary taxable income (see here). this means that, when you withdraw the funds from your ira, you will increase your income. if that increase pushes you too far beyond what your withholding is accounting for, then you owe estimated tax. in other words, whether you get the money by selling stocks in a taxable account or by withdrawing them from an ira, you still increase your taxable income, and thus potentially expose yourself to the estimated tax obligation. (in fact, there may be a difference. as you note, you will pay tax at the capital gains rate on gains from selling in a taxable account. but if you sell the stocks inside the ira and withdraw, that is ordinary income. however, since ordinary income is taxed at a higher rate than long-term capital gains, you will potentially pay more tax on the ira withdrawal, since it will be taxed at the higher rate, if your gains are long-term rather than short term. this is doubly true if you withdraw early, incurring the extra 10% penalty. see this question for some more discussion of this issue.) in addition, i think you may be somewhat misunderstanding the nature of estimated tax. the irs will not \"ask\" you for a quarterly estimated tax when you sell stock. the irs does not monitor your activity and send you a bill each quarter. they may indeed check whether your reported income jibes with info they received from your bank, etc., but they'll still do that regardless of whether you got that income by selling in a taxable account or withdrawing money from an ira, because both of those increase your taxable income. quarterly estimated tax is not an extra tax; it is just you paying your normal income tax over the course of the year instead of all at once. if your withholdings will not cover enough of your tax liability, you must figure that out yourself and pay the estimated tax (see here); if you don't do so, you may be assessed a penalty. it doesn't matter how you got the money; if your taxable income is too high relative to your withheld tax, then you have to pay the estimated tax. typically tax will be withheld from your ira distribution, but if it's not withheld, you'll still owe it as estimated tax.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "stock trade transaction fee - at what point is it worth it", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i'm going to assume that you want to be invested all the time and each trade consists in selling a security and buying another one (similar to your example). how much commissions you are willing to pay depends on several factors, but one way to think about it is as follows. you have a position in stock a and you want to switch to stock b because you think it will perform better. if you think there's a good chance (>50%) that b will outperform a by more than x% then you can happily pay up to x/2% commissions and still make money over a long time horizon. if you like formulae, one way to express it is: where: example: if you tend to be right 51% of the time (hit rate), and gain 110% more than you lose on average (win loss ratio), you can see that your expected profit is: 5.1% - commissions, so you could pay 2.5% commissions on entering and closing the position and still make money*. unfortunately, common sense, statistics and numerous studies tell us a sad truth: on average, people have a hit rate of 50% and a win/loss ratio of 100%. which means that their expected profit per trade is 0% - commission. based on that crude observation - unless you can prove to yourself that you are better than average - you should aim at reducing commissions paid to your broker as much as possible through: * 51% and 110% are not random numbers, they correspond to the results of the top 15% (professional) managers in a research paper using a sample of 215 funds managing $150bn.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "why would a car company lend me money at a very low interest rate?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "the car company loans you money at 1 or 2% because it is part of the incentive to get you to buy the car. car company transactions are complex involving the manufacturer, the dealership, and the financing part of the car company. not to mention rebates, the used car transaction, and the leasing department. if they don't offer you a loan then the profit from that part of transaction is lost to an outside company. the better loan rates from the manufacturer are only with shorter term loans and without the rebate. that is why some suggest that you get the rebate, and then go to a credit union for the loan for lowest overall cost and greatest flexibility. the advertised rates are also only for the customers with great credit scores and the room in their clash flow to pay off the loan in a year or two. if you don't fit in that category, the rates will be higher.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "swap hedging a currency hedge", "role": "user" }, { "content": "i decided to try this in order to get a feel of it. as far as the interest rates are concerned, it works. you can set it up and forget about holding time as long as the rates and positions stay within a range. the problem is that currency volatility turns the interest paid for shorting usd/jpy into noise at best. and if you look to past performance over a year... let's just say there is a reason they pay you to hold nzd. so, unless you think buying nzd/usd is a good idea to begin with, you should put your money elsewhere.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "under what circumstance will the irs charge you a late-payment penalty for taxes?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "years ago i mailed my personal tax return one day after the due date, and my check was deposited as normal, and i never heard anything about it. as an employer, i once sent in my employee's withheld federal taxes one day after the due date, and i later received a letter stating my penalty for being late worked out to be around $600. the letter stated that since this was my first time being late they would waive the fee. in both cases, they could have charged me a late fee if they wanted to.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "buy car vs lease vs long term rent for 10 years period", "role": "user" }, { "content": "this question has been asked and answered before. financially, owning a car will be more economical than leasing one in most cases. the reason for this is that leasing arrangements are designed to make a profit for the leasing company over and above the value of the car. a leasing company that does not profit off their customers will not be in business for long. this is a zero-sum game and the leasing customer is the loser. the lion's share of the customer losses are in maintenance and in the event of an accident or other damage. in both cases, leasing arrangements are designed to make a large profit for the owner. the average customer assumes they will never get into an accident and they underestimate the losses they will take on the maintenance. for example, if both oxygen sensors need to be replaced and it would have cost you $800 to replace them yourself, but the leasing company charges you $1200, then boom! you just lost $400. if the car is totaled, the customer will lose many thousands of dollars. leasing contracts are designed to make money for the owner, not the customer. another way leasing agents make money is on \"required maintenance\". most leasing contracts require the leasor to perform \"required\" maintenance, oil changes, tire rotations, etc. also, with newer cars manufacturers recalls are common. those are required as well. nearly nobody does this maintenance correctly. this gives the agent the excuse to charge the customer thousands of dollars when the vehicle is returned. bills of $4000 to $6000 on a 3 year lease for failure to perform required maintenance are common. its items like this that allow the leasing agent to get a profit on what looks like a \"good deal\" when the customer walked in the door 3 years previously. the advantage of leasing is that it costs less up front and it is more convenient to switch to a different car because you don't have to sell the car.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "how do dividend reinvestment purchases work?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "as far as i know, it has the same price, and effects on the market, as any other transaction...", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "are traders 100% responsible for a stock's price changes?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "yes traders, living or algorithmic, are the only direct factors that can cause a change in the price of a marketable item. traders can be affected by news, broken exchanges ;), emotional cycles, lunar cycles, time the trader goes to lunch (or a power cycle if you are an algo running on that unfortunate os), anything.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "how to calculate profit and loss for trading position?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "month to date for the month to date (mtd), the price on feb 28th is $4.58 and the price on march 16th is $4.61 so the return is which can be written more simply as the position is 1000 shares valued at $4580 on feb 28th, so the profit on the month to date is calendar year to date for the calendar year to date (ytd), the price on dec 31st is $4.60 and the price on feb 28th is $4.58 so the return to feb 28th is the return from feb 28th to march 16th is 0.655022 % so the year to date return is or more directly so the 2011 ytd profit on 1000 shares valued at $4600 on dec 31st is year to date starting dec 10th for the year to date starting dec 10th, the starting value is and the value on dec 31st is 1000 * $4.60 = $4600 so the return is $4600 / $4510 - 1 = 0.0199557 = 1.99557 % the year to date profit is therefore note - ytd is often understood to mean calendar year to date. to cover all the bases state both, ie \"calendar ytd (2011)\" and \"ytd starting dec 10th 2010\". edit further to comment for the calendar year to date, with 200 shares sold on jan 10th with the share price at $4.58, the return from dec 31st to jan 10th is the return from jan 10th to feb 28th is the return from feb 28th to march 16th is the profit on 1000 shares from dec 31st to jan 10th is $4600 * -0.00434783 = -$20 the profit on 800 shares from jan 10th to feb 28th is zero. the profit on 800 shares from feb 28th to march 16th is so the year to date profit is $4.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "does material nonpublic information cover knowledge of unannounced products?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "so is knowledge of unannounced products simply not considered material nonpublic information? well \"material\" is relative but it certainly is nonpublic information. and trading based on that information would likely be considered illegal if it is actually material. many companies require that employees with material non-public info get stock trades approved by their legal department. this protects not only the employee but the employer from sec scrutiny. if the legal department determines that the employee has non-public info that is the genesis of the stock trade, they might deny the request. in many cases these employees receive stock through espp, iso and/or rsus and often sell while in possession of information about unannounced products. just receiving stock as part of as part of a compensation program would not be illegal, provided it was part of a normal compensation package and not deliberately awarded in advance of these types of events. selling or outright buying stock (including rsus) with that kind of information would certainly be scrutinized. an employee is granted rsus, they vest 7 months before announcement of a new product. the employee knows the exact specifications of the product. if they sell the vested stock before the announcement would this constitute insider trading or not? why? the law is not meant to prevent people from investing in their own company just because they know future plans. so knowledge of an announcement 7 months out may not be considered material. if, however, you sold stock the day (or a week) before some announcement that caused the stock to fall, then that would probably be scrutinized. or, if you traded shortly before an announcement of a new, revolutionary product that was set to be released in seven months, and the stock rose, then you might be scrutinized. so there is a lot of gray area, but remember that the spirit of the law is to prevent people from benefiting unfairly with non-public information. it would be hard to prove that gaining on a stock trade 7 months before a product announcement would be considered \"unfair gain\". a lot can happen in that time.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "when are payroll taxes due in the us?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "it depends on the size of the payroll, not on the number of employees. probably you need to file form 941 quarterly under this scenario. you may or may not need to deposit taxes more frequently. if you must deposit, then you need to do it electronically. i excerpted this from the instructions for form 941: if your total taxes (line 10) are less than $2,500 for the current quarter or the preceding quarter, and you did not incur a $100,000 next-day deposit obligation during the current quarter. you do not have to make a deposit. to avoid a penalty, you must pay the amount in full with a timely filed return or you must deposit the amount timely. ... if you are not sure your total tax liability for the current quarter will be less than $2,500 (and your liability for the preceding quarter was not less than $2,500), make deposits using the semiweekly or monthly rules so you won't be subject to failure to deposit penalties. if your total taxes (line 10) are $2,500 or more for the current quarter and the preceding quarter. you must make deposits according to your deposit schedule. see section 11 of pub. 15 (circular e) for information and rules about federal tax deposits. i would say that probably for two employees, you need to deposit by the 15th of each month for the prior month, but you really need to check the limits above and the deposit schedule in pub 15 (as referenced above) based on your actual payroll size. note that if you have a requirement to deposit, that must be done either through eftps or by wire-transfer. the former is free but requires registration in advance of your first payment (they snail-mail you a pin that you need to log-in) and it requires that you get your payment in by the night before. the latter does not incur a charge from the irs, but your bank will likely charge you a fee. you can do the wire-transfer on the due date, however, so it's handy if don't get into etfps in time. this is all for federal. you may also need to deposit for your state, and then you'll need to check the state's rules.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "should i use a tsp loan?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "never borrow money to purchase a depreciating asset. especially don't borrow money that has penalties attached.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "my investment account is increasingly and significantly underperforming vs. the s&p 500. what should i do?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "absolutely $spy etf is the way to go if your point of comparison is the s&p and you want to do low maintenance.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "buying shares in employer's company during ipo", "role": "user" }, { "content": "so the key factor here, imho, is the amount we are talking about. $2k is just not a lot of money. if you lose every penny, you can recover. on the other hand it is unlikely to make you wealthy. so if i was you i would buy in, more for the fun of it all. now if it was a large amount of money that we were talking about it would be about a percentage of my net worth. for example, lets say the minimum was 20k, and you really believed in the company. if i had a net worth of less than 200k, i would not do it. if i had a larger net worth, i would consider it unless i was near retirement. so if i was 30, hand a net worth of 300k, i would probably invest as even if i did lose it all, i could recover. having said all that it does not sound like you completely agree that the company will be profitable. so in that case, don't buy. also, i have the opportunity to buy my own company's stock at a discount. however, i do not for two reasons. the first is i don't like investing in the company i work for. secondly, they require you to hold the stock for a year.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "does it make any sense to directly contribute to reducing the us national debt?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "at its heart, i think the best spirit of \"donation\" is helping others less fortunate than yourself. but as long as the us remains solvent, the chief benefit of paying down the national debt is - like paying off a credit card - lowering the future interest payments the u.s. taxpayer has to make. since the wealthy pay a disproportionately large portion of taxes (per capita), your hard earned money would be disproportionately benefitting the wealthy. so i'd recommend you do one or both of the following: instead target your donations to a charity whose average beneficiary is less fortunate than yourself take political action with an aim towards balancing the federal budget (since the us national debt is principally financed in the form of 30 year treasuries, the u.s. will be completely out of debt if it can maintain a balanced budget for 30 years recanted, see below)", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.", "role": "system" }, { "content": "if the co-signer on my car loan dies, can the family take the car from me like they're threatening to?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "if you've been paying on the car for three years, it's possible that your credit is in a place where you don't need a co-signer any more. see if your bank will re-fi with you as the sole debtor. if they won't do it, find another institution who will. the re-fi will take your grandpa off the loan, and whichever institution that does the re-fi will still have a lien on the title until you pay it off. then, if you can do this soon enough, figure out if grandpa can sign you off the title.", "role": "assistant" } ]