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Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide has helped raise global food production and reduce poverty. | Global warming is the result of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations which is caused primarily by the combustion of fossil energy sources such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, and to an unknown extent by destruction of forests, increased methane, volcanic activity and cement production. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
While evidence that the earth’s orbital variations impact radiation levels and thus global temperatures does not of course mean that man is not in some way impacting the climate, studies like these highlight that the role man plays on the planet is dwarfed by natural phenomena utterly out of our control. | The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition, such as the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane (the specific levels of the previously mentioned gases are now able to be seen with the new ice core samples from EPICA Dome C in Antarctica over the past 800,000 years); changes in the earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles; the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the earth's surface, which affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth–Moon system; the impact of relatively large meteorites and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Ice Sheet losses are overestimated. | Accumulation of snowfall on the Antarctic ice sheet is projected to outpace losses from melting. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Earth’s mean temperature over the last 2,000 years shows two previous periods when temperatures were warmer than they are now; from 1–200 A.D., an epoch called the Roman Warm Period, and more recently the Medieval Warm Period from 900–1100 A.D. | The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) also known as the Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region lasting from c. 950 to c. 1250. | SUPPORTS |
Elementary radiative-transfer calculations demonstrate that a natural surface global brightening amounting to ~1.9 Wm–2 over the 18-year period of study would be expected – using the IPCC’s own methodology – to have caused a transient warming of 1 K (1.8 F°). | The global temperature increase since the beginning of the industrial period (taken as 1750) is about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), and the radiative forcing due to CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases – mainly methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons – emitted since that time is about 2.6 W/m2. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
cutting speed limits could slow climate change | Melting permafrost may also accelerate climate change in the future. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
[T]he raw data, the actual thermometer data[...] shows that the US has been cooling for 80 to 90 years. | In fact, if one ignores the unusual El Nino year of 1998, one sees a cooling trend." | REFUTES |
the kind of extreme heat we saw this past summer will be the norm | Under the Köppen–Geiger classification, Sydney has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with warm summers, cool winters and uniform rainfall throughout the year. | SUPPORTS |
There is no statistical evidence that global warming is intensifying[…] droughts | more intense droughts and tropical cyclones) are more uncertain. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
While France and other G7 countries lamented the U.S. exit from the Paris climate accord, America’s air is already cleaner than that of any other country in the G7, except Canada with its scant population. | On June 1, 2017, United States President Donald Trump announced that the U.S. would cease all participation in the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Increases in atmospheric CO2 is mainly from natural causes, like ocean outgassing, and not from humans who emit so little in comparison | Though annual human CO2 emissions are much smaller than natural carbon cycle fluxes, they have steadily accumulated in the atmosphere over the past few centuries because their removal by natural carbon sinks has not increased to the same extent. The present-day anthropogenic CO2 increase is unprecedented in rate and magnitude compared to at least the last 800,000 years. | REFUTES |
CO2 is not the cause of our current warming trend; Arctic sea ice has expanded in recent years; Polar bears’ population is growing and is not threatened by climate change; CO2 is good for plant life | Climate change has led to a decades-long decline in Arctic sea ice, putting polar bears – and other Arctic organisms – at risk of significant population declines. Meanwhile, based on all existing evidence, scientists are confident that the buildup of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is driving current climate change, which is leading to a range of negative impacts for plant, animal and human populations. | REFUTES |
Heat Waves are increasing at an alarming rate and heat kills. | Severe heat waves have caused catastrophic crop failures, thousands of deaths from hyperthermia, and widespread power outages due to increased use of air conditioning. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
There is no evidence, other than models, that human CO2 emissions drive climate change and abundant evidence that the Sun, coupled with natural climate cycles, drives most, if not all, of recent climate changes | All available scientific evidence, including independent physical observations, indicates that global warming is driven by human greenhouse gas emissions and that solar forcing plays an extremely minor role in contemporary climate. | REFUTES |
Global average temperatures over land have plummeted by more than 1C since the middle of this year – their biggest and steepest fall on record. | For comparison, the average global temperature for the period between 1951 and 1980 was 14 °C (57 °F). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
If we got solar energy from "an area of the Southwestern desert 100 miles on a side, that would be enough, in and of itself, to provide 100 percent of all the electricity needs for the United States of America in a full year." | The United States energy market is about 29,000 terawatt hours per year. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
South Australia is winning: it has the most unreliable grid in the world outside Africa and the most expensive electricity. | Renewable energy is a growing source of electricity in South Australia, and there is potential for growth from this particular industry of the state's economy. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
[…] in fact this pattern is already emerging, with the conditions that create extremely warm dry years and extremely wet years both becoming more frequent. | Since the 1950s, droughts and heat waves have appeared simultaneously with increasing frequency. | SUPPORTS |
In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks. | In the modern era, emissions to the atmosphere from volcanoes are approximately 0.645 billion tonnes of CO 2 per year, whereas humans contribute 29 billion tonnes of CO 2 each year. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The changes in the amount of oxygen in the shells isn’t a reflection of changing temperatures – just a consequence of the fact that the amount of oxygen seen changes over time anyway. | Variations in temperature can also induce a change in hemolymph protein levels along oxygen consumption. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Global warming is causing more hurricanes and stronger hurricanes. | The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995 | Crucifix 2016 Jull & McKenzie 1996. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Domino-effect of climate events could move Earth into a ‘hothouse’ state | Climate Action Tracker "Domino-effect of climate events could push Earth into a 'hothouse' state". | SUPPORTS |
Global average temperatures over land have plummeted by more than 1C since the middle of this year – their biggest and steepest fall on record. | In the Paleocene, with a global average temperature of about 24–25 °C (75–77 °F), compared to 14 °C (57 °F) in more recent times, the Earth had a greenhouse climate without permanent ice sheets at the poles, like the preceding Mesozoic. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Before human burning of fossil fuels triggered global warming, the continent’s ice was in relative balance | The largest and most long term effect of coal use is the release of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that causes climate change and global warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
It fails to explain how we can have short-term positive feedback and long-term negative feedback. | PCT demonstrates circular causation in a negative feedback loop closed through the environment. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Trudeau's carbon tax will raise gas prices by 11 cents/litre. | The tax amounts to CHF 12 per tonne CO 2, which is the equivalent of CHF 0.03 per litre of heating oil (US$0.108 per gallon) and CHF 0.025 per m3 of natural gas (US$0.024 per m3). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Increases in atmospheric CO2 is mainly from natural causes, like ocean outgassing, and not from humans who emit so little in comparison | Ocean outgassing, which amplifies natural climate variations on timescales of hundreds-to-thousands of years, cannot explain the magnitude of the present-day atmospheric CO2 increase or the fact that ocean carbon has also been rapidly increasing since the beginning of the industrial era. Atmospheric measurements pinpoint fossil fuel emissions as the primary source of the rapid buildup of atmospheric CO2. | REFUTES |
The original global temperature schematic which appeared in the IPCC First Assessment Report and seemed to show the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) hotter than Present was based on the central England temperature record, and ended in the 1950s. | The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) also known as the Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region lasting from c. 950 to c. 1250. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
'Antarctic sea ice set a new record in October 2007, as photographs distributed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration showed penguins and other cold-weather creatures able to stand farther north on Southern Hemisphere sea ice than has ever been recorded. | The overall trend indicated in the passive microwave record from 1978 through mid-1995 shows that the extent of Arctic sea ice is decreasing 2.7% per decade. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
IPCC overestimate temperature rise | This range of values is not a projection of the temperature rise we will see in the 21st century, since the future change in carbon dioxide concentrations is unknown, and factors besides carbon dioxide concentrations affect temperature. | REFUTES |
Mr. Singer is a professor emeritus of environmental science at the University of Virginia. | He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000. | SUPPORTS |
Polar bear numbers are increasing. | The numbers taken grew rapidly in the 1960s, peaking around 1968 with a global total of 1,250 bears that year. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
“Unlike genuine pollutants, carbon dioxide (CO2) is an odorless, colorless gas. | Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO 2) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The modelers confused cause and effect, thereby getting the feedback in the wrong direction." | [vague] Possible explanations for the Hawthorne effect include the impact of feedback and motivation towards the experimenter. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
A second coat of paint has much less of an effect, while adding a third or fourth coat has almost no impact at all.” | However, they ended up having little impact, especially in the latter half of the war. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Burning fuel to produce fertiliser to grow feed, to produce meat and to transport it - and clearing vegetation for grazing - produces 9 per cent of all emissions of carbon dioxide, the most common greenhouse gas. | One liter of gasoline, when used as a fuel, produces 2.32 kg (about 1300 liters or 1.3 cubic meters) of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Coastal lake sediments along the Gulf of Mexico shoreline from 1,000 to 2,000 years ago suggest more frequent and intense hurricanes than occur today. | "Intense Southwest Florida hurricane landfalls over the past 1000 years". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
If Hillary would have fact-checked her example of sea level rise in Norfolk, Virginia, she would have found out that the experts already know this is mostly due to the land there sinking. | A study conducted between 1982 and 2010 found that some areas of Jakarta have been sinking by as much as 28 cm (11 inches) per year due to ground water drilling and the weight of its buildings, and the problem is now exacerbated by sea level rise. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
By that time CO2 emissions had already risen from the expanded use of coal that had powered the industrial revolution, and emissions only increased slowly from 3.5gigatonnes in 1910 to under 4gigatonnes by the end of the Second World War. | Human activities since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (around 1750) have produced a 45% increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, from 280 ppm in 1750 to 415 ppm in 2019. | SUPPORTS |
While the link between cosmic rays and cloud cover is yet to be confirmed, more importantly, there has been no correlation between cosmic rays and global temperatures over the last 30 years of global warming. | In 2013, a laboratory study by Svensmark, Pepke and Pedersen published in Physics Letters A showed, that there is in fact a correlation between cosmic rays and the formation of aerosols of the type that seed clouds. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted. | Confidence in model estimates is higher for some climate variables (e.g., temperature) than for others (e.g., precipitation). | REFUTES |
Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past. | In comparison to the extended record, the sea-ice extent in the polar region by September 2007 was only half the recorded mass that had been estimated to exist within the 1950–1970 period. | REFUTES |
If every nation agrees to limit CO2 emissions, we can achieve significant cuts on a global scale. | To limit global temperature rise to 1.5 °C, the global annual emission reduction needed is 7.6% emissions reduction every year between 2020 and 2030. | SUPPORTS |
Global warming responsible for record 2019 July warmth in Alaska. | "What caused the recent "Warm Arctic, Cold Continents" trend pattern in winter temperatures?". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
It found the scientists' rigour and honesty are not in doubt, and their behaviour did not prejudice the IPCC's conclusions, though they did fail to display the proper degree of openness. | This document also states that IPCC will do this work by assessing "on a comprehensive, objective, open and transparent basis the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis" of these topics. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Neither the rate nor the magnitude of the reported late twentieth century surface warming (1979–2000) lay outside normal natural variability. | In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The warming effect from more CO2 greatly outstrips the influence from changes in the Earth's orbit or solar activity, even if solar levels were to drop to Maunder Minimum levels. | CO 2 absorbs and emits infrared radiation at wavelengths of 4.26 µm (asymmetric stretching vibrational mode) and 14.99 µm (bending vibrational mode) and consequently is a greenhouse gas that plays a significant role in influencing Earth's surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. | SUPPORTS |
Geologists say that humans are now pumping the gas into the air much faster than nature has ever done. | The slower pace of warming can be attributed to a combination of natural fluctuations, reduced solar activity, and increased volcanic activity. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
The latest measurements involve the use of satellite gravimetry, estimating the mass of terrain beneath by detecting slight changes in gravity as a satellite passes overhead. | This was to be accomplished by measuring, very precisely, tiny changes in the direction of spin of four gyroscopes contained in an Earth satellite orbiting at 650 km (400 mi) altitude, crossing directly over the poles. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
From 1970 until 1998 there was a warming period that raised temperatures by about 0.7 F that helped spawn the global warming alarmist movement. | An example of such an episode is the slower rate of surface temperature increase from 1998 to 2012, which was dubbed the global warming hiatus. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
If the public were aware that man-made CO2 is so incredibly small there would be very little belief in a climate disaster ..." | Rennie 2009: "Claim 1: Anthropogenic CO2 can't be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources. | SUPPORTS |
We have also been told the problem is DEFINITELY NOT a billions-year-old planet running through cycles where the temperature might fluctuate a bit. | Each layer has a different lapse rate, defining the rate of change in temperature with height. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Environment Minister Greg Hunt the Coalition's emissions reduction fund, at $13.95 per tonne of carbon, is around 1 per cent of the cost of reducing carbon under the former Labor government's carbon pricing scheme, which he cost $1,300 a tonne. | The Australian government's Emissions Reduction Fund provides for purchasing carbon offsets from Australian carbon emissions reduction projects. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
We expect to see record cold temperatures even during global warming. | Multiple independently produced instrumental datasets confirm that the 2009–2018 decade was 0.93 ± 0.07 °C warmer than the pre-industrial baseline (1850–1900). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
“[Carbon dioxide] just crossed 400 parts per million, and high-end estimates extrapolating from current trends suggest it will hit 1,000 ppm by 2100. | For an ideal gas mixture this is equivalent to parts per million by volume (ppmv). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
“there has not been a long-term distinctive change in sea level rise rates in the last 120 years” | The article only reports average rates of global sea level rise from two time periods and two studies, while ignoring all the other available data demonstrating that rates of sea level rise have accelerated since the 1990s. | REFUTES |
When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color. | Coral that loses a large fraction of its zooxanthellae becomes white (or sometimes pastel shades in corals that are pigmented with their own proteins) and is said to be bleached, a condition which, unless corrected, can kill the coral. | SUPPORTS |
receding polar ice caps have little if any negative impact on human health and welfare, and likely a positive benefit | These melting glaciers have many social and ecological consequences that directly or indirectly impact the health and well-being of humans. | REFUTES |
Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power. | EGS and HDR technologies, such as hydrothermal geothermal, are expected to be baseload resources which produce power 24 hours a day like a fossil plant. | SUPPORTS |
temperatures were 6-10C above normal over most of France, Germany and northern Spain during the final days of the month, according to C3S. | Winters are mild: January is the coolest month, with average maximum temperatures of 16.0 °C (61 °F) and minimum of 5.7 °C (42 °F). | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Species that have a lot of plasticity tend to be generalists. | Intraspecific phenotypic plasticity, pre-adaptation and post-introduction evolution are all major factors in adaptive evolution. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
UAH atmospheric temperatures prove climate models and/or surface temperature data sets are wrong | In comparing these measurements to surface temperature models, it is important to note that values for the lower troposphere measurements taken by the MSU are a weighted average of temperatures over multiple altitudes (roughly 0 to 12 km), and not a surface temperature (as seen in figure above). | SUPPORTS |
Because current climate change is so rapid, the way species typically adapt (eg - migration) is, in most cases, simply not be possible. | Invading species have been shown to adapt to their new environments in a remarkably short amount of time. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
as continents rise after the overlying ice has melted | Sea levels rose as the Ordovician ice sheets melted, and tectonic movements created major faults which assembled the outline of Scotland from previously scattered fragments. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Venus very likely underwent a runaway or ‘moist’ greenhouse phase earlier in its history, and today is kept hot by a dense CO2 atmosphere. | The planet Venus experienced runaway greenhouse effect, resulting in an atmosphere which is 96% carbon dioxide, with surface atmospheric pressure roughly the same as found 900 m (3,000 ft) underwater on Earth. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Early 20th century warming was in large part due to rising solar activity and relatively quiet volcanic activity. | One argument is that of global warming occurring due to human-caused emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
[data] show only slight warming, mostly at night and in winter | In winter, the climate becomes cooler and the days shorter. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
While there are many drivers of climate, CO2 is the most dominant radiative forcing and is increasing faster than any other forcing. | Recent data also shows that the concentration is increasing at a higher rate. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy | An editorial in Nature stated that "A fair reading of the e-mails reveals nothing to support the denialists' conspiracy theories." | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Most of the atmospheric moisture originates in the tropical ocean, and the difference between surface and upper atmospheric temperature determines how much of the moisture rises into the atmosphere. | The upper temperature level is given by the soil or water surface of the earth, which absorbs the incoming sun radiation and warms up, evaporating water. | SUPPORTS |
Polar bear numbers are increasing | The numbers taken grew rapidly in the 1960s, peaking around 1968 with a global total of 1,250 bears that year. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
In looking at Earth’s past, scientists can predict what the future will look like | Historically, the ability of experts to predict the future over these timescales has proved very limited. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
In pushing too hard for the case that global warming is universally bad for everything, the administration’s report undermines the reasonable case for climate action. | It has been argued that the Montreal Protocol, may have done more than any other measure, as of 2017[update], to mitigate climate change as those substances were also powerful greenhouse gases. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
And their wind and manure emit more than one third of emissions of another, methane, which warms the world 20 times faster than carbon dioxide. | Methane is a strong GHG with a global warming potential 84 times greater than CO2 in a 20-year time frame. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
President-elect Trump has selected a climate change skeptic to head the team in charge of the transition between Obama and Trump's Environmental Protection Agencies. | During his January 18, 2017, confirmation hearing to be EPA Administrator, he said that "the climate is changing, and human activity contributes to that in some manner". | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Scientists have determined that the factors which caused the Little Ice Age cooling are not currently causing global warming. | In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. | SUPPORTS |
Soares looks at short-term trends which are swamped by natural variations. | Darwin argued that it was populations that evolved, not individuals, by natural selection from naturally occurring variation among individuals. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life. | Even though such installations might not produce the maximum possible total energy, their power output would likely be more consistent throughout the day and possibly larger during peak demand. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
90 per cent of the world's coral reefs will disappear in the next 35 years due to coral bleaching induced by global warming, pollution and over-development. | Increasing sea temperatures in tropical regions (~1 degree C) the last century have caused major coral bleaching, death, and therefore shrinking coral populations since although they are able to adapt and acclimate, it is uncertain if this evolutionary process will happen quickly enough to prevent major reduction of their numbers. | SUPPORTS |
“Our analyses do not indicate acceleration in sea level in U.S. tide gauge records during the 20th century,” the study’s authors concluded. | This compares to an average rate of 1.7 ± 0.5 mm per year for the 20th century. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
[South Australia] has the most expensive electricity in the world. | Renewable energy is a growing source of electricity in South Australia, and there is potential for growth from this particular industry of the state's economy. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
as the pathbreaking work by Rosamond Naylor and David Battisti has shown, the tropics are already too hot to efficiently grow grain, and those places where grain is produced today are already at optimal growing temperature — which means even a small warming will push them down the slope of declining productivity. | In Africa and Latin America many rainfed crops are near their maximum temperature tolerance, so that yields are likely to fall sharply for even small climate changes; falls in agricultural productivity of up to 30% over the 21st century are projected. | SUPPORTS |
"So recently the media picked up on the fact that CRU deleted the raw data for this important global temperature set long ago. | On 27 July 2011 CRU announced that the raw instrumental data not already in the public domain had been released and was available for download, with the exception of Poland which was outside the area covered by the FOIA request. | REFUTES |
The 30,000 scientists and science graduates listed on the OISM petition represent a tiny fraction (0.3%) of all science graduates. | The number of PhD graduates has grown substantially in many countries since 2000, PhD Graduates still represent a relatively small, elite group within most countries — around 1.1% of adults among OECD countries. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Peer-reviewed studies, geologic records, and all the studies have shown that we have actually cooled since the Roman Warming Period, and likely since the Medieval Warming Period. | The existence of warmer or cooler periods in individual records from a region does not, on its own, represent a global climate event. | REFUTES |
“The worldwide temperature record has been changed. | This has led to increases in mean global temperature, or global warming. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
CO2 limits won't cool the planet, but they can make the difference between continued accelerating global warming to catastrophic levels vs. slowing and eventually stopping the warming at hopefully safe levels. | Thresholds and boundaries The threshold, or tipping point, is the value at which a very small increment for the control variable (like CO2) triggers a larger, possibly catastrophic, change in the response variable (global warming) through feedbacks in the natural Earth System itself. | SUPPORTS |
CO2 emissions from all commercial operations in 2018 totaled 918 million metric tons—2.4% of global CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use. | The U.S. EIA estimates that U.S. motor gasoline and diesel (distillate) fuel consumption for transportation in 2015 resulted in the emission of about 1,105 million metric tons of CO2 and 440 million metric tons of CO2, respectively, for a total of 1,545 million metric tons of CO2. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
While preventing global warming is relatively cheap, economists can't even accurately estimate the accelerating costs of climate damages if we continue with business-as-usual. | Economists generally argue that carbon taxes are the most efficient and effective way to curb climate change, with the least adverse effects on the economy. | REFUTES |
Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally. | June 2019 was the hottest month on record worldwide, the effects of this were especially prominent in Europe. | REFUTES |
The changes in the amount of oxygen in the shells isn’t a reflection of changing temperatures – just a consequence of the fact that the amount of oxygen seen changes over time anyway. | This means the density of ocean water changes as its temperature and salinity changes. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver. | AIBS Position Statements "Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver." | SUPPORTS |
If anyone claims to be part of the 97 percent, it means they disagree with the contrarian argument that humans are having a minimal impact on global warming. | Among papers expressing a position on AGW, an overwhelming percentage (97.2% based on self-ratings, 97.1% based on abstract ratings) endorses the scientific consensus on AGW. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
Melting permafrost can release not just CO2, but also methane, a much stronger heat-trapping gas. | It is thought that permafrost thawing could exacerbate global warming by releasing methane and other hydrocarbons, which are powerful greenhouse gases. | SUPPORTS |
The acceleration is making some scientists fear that Antarctica’s ice sheet may have entered the early stages of an unstoppable disintegration. | The acceleration of the rate of retreat since 1995 of key outlet glaciers of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets may foreshadow a rise in sea level, which would affect coastal regions. | SUPPORTS |
On the Pacific Coast, a climate pattern that had pushed billions of gallons of water toward Asia is now ending, so that in coming decades the sea is likely to rise quickly off states like Oregon and California. | Along the Pacific Ocean coast lie the Coast Ranges, which, while not approaching the scale of the Rocky Mountains, are formidable nevertheless. | NOT_ENOUGH_INFO |
"His [Dr Spencer's] latest research demonstrates that – in the short term, at any rate – the temperature feedbacks that the IPCC imagines will greatly amplify any initial warming caused by CO2 are net-negative, attenuating the warming they are supposed to enhance. | Because water vapor is a greenhouse gas, this results in further warming and so is a "positive feedback" that amplifies the original warming. | REFUTES |
“The IPCC reports also don’t fully account for the albedo effect (less ice means less reflected and more absorbed sunlight, hence more warming); more cloud cover (which traps heat); or the dieback of forests and other flora (which extract carbon from the atmosphere). | The reduction of snow cover and sea ice in the Arctic reduces the albedo of the Earth's surface. | SUPPORTS |
Species that have a lot of plasticity tend to be generalists. | Common invasive species traits include the following: Fast growth Rapid reproduction High dispersal ability Phenotype plasticity (the ability to alter growth form to suit current conditions) Tolerance of a wide range of environmental conditions (Ecological competence) Ability to live off of a wide range of food types (generalist) Association with humans Prior successful invasions Typically, an introduced species must survive at low population densities before it becomes invasive in a new location. | SUPPORTS |