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Contemporary Global Warming placed in geological context.
In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.
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if we halved today’s atmospheric carbon dioxide content, all life would die.
For contrast, today the carbon dioxide levels are at 400 ppm or 0.04%.
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It’s not carbon dioxide, it’s not methane… Scientists estimate that somewhere between 75% and 90% of Earth greenhouse effect is caused by water vapor in clouds.”
Water vapor accounts for the largest percentage of the greenhouse effect, between 36% and 66% for clear sky conditions and between 66% and 85% when including clouds.
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In the early 20th century, state and federal governments began aggressively fighting wildfires and trying to keep them as small as possible.
As part of the Ring of Fire, California is subject to tsunamis, floods, droughts, Santa Ana winds, wildfires, landslides on steep terrain, and has several volcanoes.
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Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at unnatural rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate.
The current rate of decline of the ice caps has caused many investigations and discoveries on glacier dynamics and their influence on the world's climate.
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“While record low sea ice is nothing new in the Arctic, this is a surprising turn of events for the Antarctic.
"Antarctica appears to have broken a heat record".
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Schmittner finds low climate sensitivity.
Because of its latitude and its land-locked position, the Mediterranean is especially sensitive to astronomically induced climatic variations, which are well documented in its sedimentary record.
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If Houlton’s finding about these vast, previously unknown nitrogen stores holds true, then it would have an enormous impact on global warming predictions.
When the model included estimated changes in solar intensity, it gave a reasonable match to temperatures over the previous thousand years and its prediction was that "CO 2 warming dominates the surface temperature patterns soon after 1980."
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If we halve the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere, all life dies.
By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.
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CO2 is a greenhouse gas but is clearly subordinate to water vapour and other more significant factors determining global climate.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that increases radiative forcing and contributes to global warming along with ocean acidification.
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"The climate of this planet oscillates between periods of approximately 30 years of warming followed by approximately 30 years of cooling.
An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.
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"Global warming is mostly due to heat production by human industry since the 1800s, from nuclear power and fossil fuels, better termed hydrocarbons, – coal, oil, natural gas.
At present, the primary source of CO 2 emissions is the burning of coal, natural gas, and petroleum for electricity and heat.
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“In an old climate, … extremely warm years were less common and snowpack was more reliable …
The summers, while short, are generally warm and humid.
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The heatwave we now have in Europe is not something that was expected with just 1C of warming
2018's temperature was 16.1 °C (61.0 °F), meaning it ranks as the 18th warmest June recorded in England in the past 359 years, also being the warmest since 1976.
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Excess CO2 from human emissions has a long residence time of over 100 years
Although more than half of the CO 2 emitted is removed from the atmosphere within a century, some fraction (about 20%) of emitted CO 2 remains in the atmosphere for many thousands of years.
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Fundamental physics and global climate models both make testable predictions as to how the global climate should change in response to anthropogenic warming.
Scientific theories are testable and make falsifiable predictions.
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The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere ...".
7–10 "There is now convincing evidence that since the industrial revolution, human activities, resulting in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have become a major agent of climate change.
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The current debate on the connection between CO2 emissions and climate change has largely overlooked an independent and equally serious problem, the increasing acidity of our oceans.
This will cause an elevation of ocean alkalinity, leading to the enhancement of the ocean as a reservoir for CO 2 with implications for climate change as more CO 2 leaves the atmosphere for the ocean.
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Tree-ring proxy reconstructions are reliable before 1960, tracking closely with the instrumental record and other independent proxies.
Individual proxy records, such as tree ring widths and densities used in dendroclimatology, are calibrated against the instrumental record for the period of overlap.
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The report confidently claims that when temperatures rise, “the reduction in premature deaths from cold are expected to be smaller than the increase in deaths from heat in the United States.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that it "is difficult to make valid projections of heat-related illness and death under varying climate change scenarios" and that "heat–related deaths are preventable, as evidenced by the decline of all-cause mortality during heat events over the past 35 years".
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If warming temperatures brought on by greenhouse gas emissions make wet years less wet and dry years even drier, as scientists anticipate, year-to-year recovery will become more difficult.
Overall, higher temperatures bring more rain and snowfall, but for some regions droughts and wildfires increase instead.
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Temperatures in the Arctic have soared recently, and scientists are struggling to explain exactly why.
The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet.
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The earth is 15 years from a “mini ice-age” that will cause bitterly cold winters during which rivers such as the Thames freeze over, scientists have predicted.
Canals and rivers in Great Britain and the Netherlands were frequently frozen deeply enough to support ice skating and winter festivals.
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Back in the late 1980s, the UN claimed that if global warming were not checked by 2000, rising sea levels would wash entire counties away.
The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts.
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Within a decade, certain kinds of branching and plate coral could be extinct, reef scientists say, along with a variety of small fish that rely on them for protection from predators.
This level of variety in the environment benefits many coral reef animals, which, for example, may feed in the sea grass and use the reefs for protection or breeding.
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There will still be about a million square kilometres of ice in the Arctic in summer
Much of the Arctic ice pack is also covered in snow for about 10 months of the year.
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A World Heritage site, it is currently under assault from unusually hot ocean temperatures,”
The area's warm and humid climate is caused primarily by its low elevation, its position relatively close to the Tropic of Cancer, and its location in the center of a peninsula.
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There are a number of forcings which affect climate (eg - stratospheric aerosols, solar variations).
Natural climate forcings include changes in the Sun's brightness, Milankovitch cycles (small variations in the shape of Earth's orbit and its axis of rotation that occur over thousands of years) and volcanic eruptions that inject light-reflecting particles as high as the stratosphere.
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The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.
A temperature interval of 1 °F is equal to an interval of ​5⁄9 degrees Celsius.
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We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.
Entertainment manager and fellow fundraiser Ken Kragen was contacted by Belafonte, who asked for singers Lionel Richie and Kenny Rogers—Kragen's clients—to participate in Belafonte's musical endeavor.
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For instance, wind turbines kill birds and insects, and palm-oil plantations destroy the biodiversity of the rainforests
In 2009, for every bird killed by a wind turbine in the US, nearly 500,000 were killed by cats and another 500,000 by buildings.
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Donald Trump claims Global Warming is a hoax
"Fact: Trump claimed climate change is a hoax created by China".
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Solar cycles cause global warming.
There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions.
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roughly three-quarters of the tidal flood days now occurring in towns along the East Coast would not be happening in the absence of the rise in the sea level caused by human emissions.
This has consequences for Europe and the U.S. East Coast, which received a sea level rise 3–4 times the global average.
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UAH atmospheric temperatures prove climate models and/or surface temperature data sets are wrong
The results are thus not precisely comparable to surface temperature models.
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The statement that so-called greenhouse gases, especially CO2, contribute to near-surface atmospheric warming is in glaring contradiction to well-known physical laws relating to gas and vapour, as well as to general caloric theory.'
In 2000, Hansen advanced an alternative view of global warming over the last 100 years, arguing that during that time frame the negative forcing via aerosols and the positive forcing via carbon dioxide (CO 2) largely balanced each other out, and that the 0.74±0.18 °C net rise in average global temperatures could mostly be explained by greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide, such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons.
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Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors of climate change, but there’s simply no evidence that it is a significant one.
European Science Foundation in a 2007 position paper states: There is now convincing evidence that since the industrial revolution, human activities, resulting in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have become a major agent of climate change ... On-going and increased efforts to mitigate climate change through reduction in greenhouse gases are therefore crucial.
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Forward projections of solar cyclicity imply the next few decades may be marked by global cooling rather than warming, despite continuing CO2 emissions.
It said that Continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all components of the climate system, increasing the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems.
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“In 2013 the level of U.S. farm output was about 2.7 times its 1948 level, and productivity was growing at an average annual rate of 1.52%.
GDP per employed person increased at an average 1.5% rate during the Reagan administration, compared to an average 0.6% during the preceding eight years.
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Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."
The Earth is stabilized by its proportionally large moon, so it only wobbles a few degrees.
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Scientists studying Antarctica sea ice warn a rise in accumulation could spark the next ice age.
According to research published in Nature Geoscience, human emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) will defer the next ice age.
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NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.
Some scientifically necessary data adjustments in some places do have the effect of producing a stronger warming trend than would be seen without adjustments, but others do the opposite. Together, these adjustment actually reduce the overall global warming trend.
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Just 0.7% of the world’s forests are coastal mangroves, y​​​​​​et they store up to 10 times as much carbon per hectare as tropical forests.
Per hectare, it holds twice as much carbon dioxide as rain forests and can sequester about 27.4 million tons of CO2 annually.
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Shelters in poorer countries are not repainted as often, and darker stations absorb more of the sun’s energy.
The built environment in urban areas also contributes to the "heat island effect", the phenomenon whereby cities experience higher temperatures due to the predominance of dark, paved surfaces and lack of vegetation.
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CO2 levels are rising so fast that unless we decrease emissions, global warming will accelerate this century.
Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.
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[O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]
Eats, Shoots & Leaves, 2003. p. 139.
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His best estimate is that the warming in response to a doubling of CO2 concentration, which may happen this century unless the usual suspects get away with shutting down the economies of the West, will be a harmless 1 Fahrenheit degree, not the 6 F predicted by the IPCC."
The TAR estimate for the climate sensitivity is 1.5 to 4.5 °C; and the average surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 Celsius degrees over the period 1990 to 2100, and the sea level is projected to rise by 0.1 to 0.9 metres over the same period.
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“Global warming and climate change, even if it is 100% caused by humans, is so slow that it cannot be observed by anyone in their lifetime.
In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.
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If sea levels rise six feet due to climate change, Waterplace Park in Providence and Wickford village would be swamped
Providence is home to a 1,200-acre (4.9 km2) park system, notably Waterplace Park and Riverwalk, Roger Williams Park, Roger Williams National Memorial, and Prospect Terrace Park.
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The amount of land we use for meat — humankind’s biggest use of land — has declined by an area nearly as large as Alaska
The report asserts that expanding human land use for agriculture and overfishing are the main causes of this decline.
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When the heat buildup in the ocean is taken into account, global temperatures are rising relentlessly.
Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.
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There's no empirical evidence for climate change.
Climate change has proven to affect biodiversity and evidence supporting the altering effects is widespread.
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Global warming leads to much quicker spread of the Zika virus because the increased temperature, "makes mosquitoes mature faster, . . .
Zika fever is mainly spread via the bite of mosquitoes of the Aedes type.
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Around 1990 it became obvious the local tide-gauge did not agree - there was no evidence of 'sinking.'
Although he might have achieved 21 knots and had given orders to raise steam ready to do so, he was also under orders to time his arrival at Liverpool for high tide so that the ship would not have to wait to enter port.
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The Rio Grande is a classic “feast or famine” river, with a dry year or two typically followed by a couple of wet years that allow for recovery.
In these regions winters are quite dry and summers have very heavy rainfall.
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"Three recent articles give us reason to question the alarmists’ claims that coral reefs are in deep trouble due to the buildup of greenhouse gases." (World Climate Report)
Greenhouse gas emissions present a broader threat through sea temperature rise and sea level rise, though corals adapt their calcifying fluids to changes in seawater pH and carbonate levels and are not directly threatened by ocean acidification.
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More than 100 climate models over the past 30 years did not predict what actually happened because it was assumed carbon dioxide had the pivotal role in driving climate change and that the effects of clouds, back-radiation and the sun were trivial.
They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability.
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precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener
Changing the type of vegetation in a region impacts the local temperature by changing how much sunlight gets reflected back into space, called albedo, and how much heat is lost by evaporation.
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Mount Kilimanjaro's shrinking glacier is complicated and not due to just global warming.
There are currently 11 small glaciers, which are shrinking rapidly, and will likely be gone forever by 2050, due to global warming[citation needed].
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As it happens, the writer of that October 2009 e-mail—Kevin Trenberth, a lead author of the warmist bible, the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report—told Congress two years ago that evidence for manmade warming is "unequivocal.
Retrieved 2010-08-28. the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950 Stevens, William K. (2007-02-06).
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Data from NOAA’s Barrow Alaska station ‘indicate that October through December emissions of CO2 from surrounding tundra increased by 73 percent since 1975, supporting the view that rising temperatures have made Arctic ecosystems a net source of CO2.’”
Between the period 1970 to 2004, greenhouse gas emissions (measured in CO 2-equivalent) increased at an average rate of 1.6% per year, with CO 2 emissions from the use of fossil fuels growing at a rate of 1.9% per year.
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The natural cycle adds and removes CO2 to keep a balance; humans add extra CO2 without removing any.
The reason for this is that human activities are adding CO2 to the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove it (see carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere for a complete explanation).
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If there were [carbon emissions], we could not see because most carbon is black.
This causes reduced visibility and yellow color.
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If anyone claims to be part of the 97 percent, it means they disagree with the contrarian argument that humans are having a minimal impact on global warming.
In a 2019 CBS poll, 64% of the US population said that climate change is a "crisis" or a "serious problem", with 44% saying human activity was a significant contributor.
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Even as sea ice in the Arctic has seen a rapid and consistent decline over the past decade, its counterpart in the Southern Hemisphere has seen its extent increasing.”
Sea ice is currently in decline in area, extent, and volume and summertime sea ice may cease to exist sometime during the 21st century.
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“We almost take forests as a given but we lose forest every year, which means we are diminishing them as a carbon sink.
Additionally, the amount of carbon released from harvesting is small compared to the amount of carbon lost each year to forest fires and other natural disturbances.
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Once the atmosphere reaches a saturation point, additional input of CO2 will not really have any major impact.
Both exceed 100% because their CO2 values were increased to 345 ppmv, without changing their other constituents to compensate.
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Without carbon dioxide, all life on Earth would die
Plants, algae and cyanobacteria use light energy to photosynthesize carbohydrate from carbon dioxide and water, with oxygen produced as a waste product.
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Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory
Intrusions of hot magma into carbon-rich sediments may have triggered the degassing of isotopically light methane in sufficient volumes to cause global warming and the observed isotope anomaly.
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[Those who signed the Paris Accord] cannot change Earth’s orbit and radiation released from the sun that drive climate
Ice caps form because high-latitude regions receive less energy as solar radiation from the sun than equatorial regions, resulting in lower surface temperatures.
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Burning fuel to produce fertiliser to grow feed, to produce meat and to transport it - and clearing vegetation for grazing - produces 9 per cent of all emissions of carbon dioxide, the most common greenhouse gas.
Agriculture contributes to climate change by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, and by the conversion of non-agricultural land such as forest for agricultural use.
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Sea level rise due to climate change is not going to happen.
The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that sea levels will rise by about 50 cm (20 in) by 2100 due to global warming and a further rise would be inevitable.
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Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.
These models predict an upward trend in the global mean surface temperature, with the most rapid increase in temperature being projected for the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.
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“Lyme Disease is much more common in northern, cooler regions of the United States than in southern, warmer regions.
In these the temperatures remain relatively cool through most of the year as opposed to mild and warm in the subtropics and cold in the subpoles.
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Dropped stations introduce warming bias
While the "heat island" warming is an important local effect, there is no evidence that it biases trends in the homogenized historical temperature record.
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By 2080, without dramatic reductions in emissions, southern Europe will be in permanent extreme drought, much worse than the American dust bowl ever was.
Since the 1950s, droughts and heat waves have appeared simultaneously with increasing frequency.
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International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”
This publication on renewable energy – "which is now the fastest growing sector of the energy mix and accounts for almost a fifth of all electricity produced worldwide – will join annual medium-term reports on oil, gas and coal, which the IEA already produces".
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The models predicted about three times the amount of warming in the world we’ve seen since 1988.
The 10th Emissions Gap Report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) predicts that if emissions continue to increase at the same rate as they have in 2010–2020, global temperatures would rise by as much as 4° by 2100.
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The increase in temperatures since 1975 is a consistent feature of all reconstructions.
Hockey stick graphs present the global or hemispherical mean temperature record of the past 500 to 2000 years as shown by quantitative climate reconstructions based on climate proxy records.
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Over time, climate becomes a net problem: by the 2070s, the UN Climate Panel finds that global warming will likely cause damage equivalent to 0.2 per cent to 2 per cent of global GDP.
The 10th Emissions Gap Report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) predicts that if emissions continue to increase at the same rate as they have in 2010–2020, global temperatures would rise by as much as 4° by 2100.
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The authors seem to have jumped right into statistical analysis without proposing a physical mechanism that works.
Newell and Simon's physical symbol system hypothesis "A physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means of general intelligent action."
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Tree-ring proxy reconstructions are reliable before 1960, tracking closely with the instrumental record and other independent proxies.
The temperature record of the past 1,000 years or longer is reconstructed using data from climate proxy records in conjunction with the modern instrumental temperature record which only covers the last 150 years at a global scale.
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Like countless other organ­isms, we move and adapt when the environment changes.
In biology, the science of living organisms, "life" is the condition which distinguishes active organisms from inorganic matter, including the capacity for growth, functional activity and the continual change preceding death.
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The Millennium Drought starting in 1997 and ending in 2010 was misinterpreted as a long term trend as a consequence of Climate Change.
The long Australian Millennial drought broke in 2010.
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“But there are plenty of studies that have come that show with respect to Antarctica that the total ice sheet, particularly that above land, is increasing, not decreasing.
A 2019 study, however, using different methodology, concluded that East Antarctica is losing significant amounts of ice mass.
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In 1946, PDO switched to a cool phase.
During a "warm", or "positive", phase, the west Pacific becomes cooler and part of the eastern ocean warms; during a "cool" or "negative" phase, the opposite pattern occurs.
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In the last 35 years of global warming, the sun has shown a slight cooling trend.
Based on orbital models, the cooling trend initiated about 6,000 years ago will continue for another 23,000 years.
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The Business Council, the Minerals Council, the Australian Industry Group, the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, have all called for the [carbon] tax to be repealed.
On 1 July 2012, the Australian Federal government introduced a carbon price of AUD$23 per tonne of emitted CO2-e on selected fossil fuels consumed by major industrial emitters and government bodies such as councils.
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It has occurred during the warmest year on record, which occurred in 2015, and the two most unusually mild months on Earth, which took place in January and February, respectively.”
April 2007 was also the warmest month in history, the average temperature being 5 °C warmer than normal.
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The temporary drop in sea level in 2010 was due to intense land flooding caused by a strong La Nina.
An especially strong Walker circulation causes a La Niña, resulting in cooler ocean temperatures due to increased upwelling.
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Biden’s climate plan limits meat consumption by 90%; “Bidens climate plan could limit you to eat just one burger a MONTH”
President Joe Biden’s climate plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2030 doesn’t include any statements about limiting meat consumption.
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Measurements of carbon isotopes and falling oxygen in the atmosphere show that rising carbon dioxide is due to the burning of fossil fuels and cannot be coming from the ocean.
As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, the increased uptake of carbon dioxide into the oceans is causing a measurable decrease in the pH of the oceans, which is referred to as ocean acidification.
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Volcanoes emit around 0.3 billion tonnes of CO2 per year.
In the modern era, emissions to the atmosphere from volcanoes are approximately 0.645 billion tonnes of CO 2 per year, whereas humans contribute 29 billion tonnes of CO 2 each year.
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Climate scientists have predicted global temperatures would increase more than one degree Celsius by 2020," but observed temperatures have been only half as high.
In February 2020, the region recorded the highest temperature of 18.3 degree Celsius which was a degree higher than the previous record of 17.5 degrees in March 2015.
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But the central message of the IPCC AR4, is confirmed by the peer reviewed literature.
Synthesis reports are assessments of scientific literature that compile the results of a range of stand-alone studies in order to achieve a broad level of understanding, or to describe the state of knowledge of a given subject.
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Global warming responsible for record 2019 July warmth in Alaska.
(2012) stated that a combination of natural weather variability and human-induced global warming was responsible for the Moscow and Texas heat waves.
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Because current climate change is so rapid, the way species typically adapt (eg - migration) is, in most cases, simply not be possible.
"Predicting patterns of long-term adaptation and extinction with population genetics".
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NASA has been adjusting temperatures from the past[...]
"Estimating Changes in Global Temperature since the Preindustrial Period".
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The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events.
The IPCC provides an internationally accepted authority on climate change, producing reports that have the agreement of leading climate scientists and consensus from participating governments.
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the satellite sensors show less warming in the lower troposphere (approximately 10,000 feet above the earth’s surface) than is reported by surface temperature readings.
Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade.
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