AarushSah/scibowl_no_headers · Datasets at Hugging Face

Type stringlengths 0 490	Prompt stringlengths 5 919	Completion stringlengths 1 424
TOSS-UP Energy - Multiple Choice	Idaho National Lab researchers are studying rocks that form near rhyolitic [rye-oh-LIT-ik] eruptions with x-ray fluorescence. Which of the following statements is true regarding the magma from eruptions? W) It contains little silica compared to basaltic magma X) It is cooler in temperature than basaltic magma Y) It is low-viscosity compared to basaltic magma Z) It is high in iron content relative to basaltic magma	X) IT IS COOLER IN TEMPERATURE THAN BASALIC MAGMA
BONUS Energy - Short Answer	Scientists at SLAC National Accelerator Lab are developing improvements to scanning tunneling electron microscopy. In this technique, an electron beam interacts with what shell of electrons in the sample?	VALENCE SHELL
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Multiple Choice	Which of the following is NOT a Lewis acid? W) Boron tribromide X) Aluminum trichloride Y) Carbon tetrachloride Z) Sulfur trioxide	Y) CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer	Rank the following three indicators in terms of increasing pKa: Phenolphthalein [fee-nawf-THAY-leen]; Methyl red; Bromothymol [BROH-mo-THIGH-mawl] blue.	2, 3, 1
TOSS-UP Biology - Multiple Choice	What is the name of the largest family of human cell surface receptors that is characterized by a 7-transmembrane domain motif? W) G-protein coupled receptor X) Ionotropic receptor Y) Receptor tyrosine kinase Z) Catalytic receptor	W) G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR
BONUS Biology - Multiple Choice	Which of the following is NOT a seedless, vascular plant? W) Ferns X) Liverworts Y) Horsetails Z) Club mosses	X) LIVERWORTS
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Multiple Choice	Which of the following would cause the electron distribution in a molecule to change the least? W) A nearby ion X) A far-away dipole Y) An external magnetic field Z) An external electric field	X) A FAR-AWAY DIPOLE
TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer	What is the slope of a line perpendicular to the line with equation 7\(x-6y=21\)?	-6/7
TOSS-UP Earth and Space \(-\) Short Answer	What letter denotes the spectral type of the Sun?	G (ACCEPT G2, G2V)
TOSS-UP Biology \(-\) Short Answer	A pea plant with yellow, round seeds that is heterozygous [hetero-ZYE-gus] for both traits is allowed to self-pollinate. What percentage of the offspring plants will be true-breeding for both yellow and wrinkled seeds?	6.25 (ACCEPT: 6\(\%\), 25/4)
TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer	Two groups of the same species of monkey develop different mating rituals and eventually become reproductively incompatible. If this occurs while they occupy the same geographic region, what is the adjective for the type of speciation that has occurred?	SYMPATRIC
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Multiple Choice	Which of the following elements has the largest first ionization energy? W) Sodium X) Aluminum Y) Argon Z) Chlorine	Y) ARGON
TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer	What is the 5/3 power of -8?	-32
BONUS Math - Short Answer	A jar contains 9 coins: 8 fair coins and 1 double-headed coin. If a random coin is selected from the jar, is flipped, and comes up heads, what is the probability that the double-headed coin was the one selected?	1/5 (ACCEPT: 0.20, 20%)
TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Multiple Choice	Where on the H-R diagram can one find red dwarf stars? W) Top right X) Bottom right Y) Bottom left Z) Top left	X) BOTOM RIGHT
BONUS Earth and Space - Short Answer	Identify all of the following three positions on the celestial sphere that have a declination of zero: Summer solstice; Autumnal equinox; Winter solstice.	2
TOSS-UP Physics - Multiple Choice	Which of the following best describes the shape of the graph of potential energy as a function of position for a constant force? W) Linear X) Quadratic Y) Logarithmic Z) Exponential	W) LINEAR
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer	Cyclohexene undergoes hydrogenation with hydrogen gas. What is the molecular formula of the product of the reaction?	C6H12
TOSS-UP Energy - Multiple Choice	Oak Ridge National Lab scientists are studying bacteria that have penicillin resistance. Penicillin and similar drugs inhibit what process in the bacteria? W) DNA replication X) Translation Y) Cell wall biosynthesis Z) Ribosome assembly	Y) CELL WALL BIOSYNTHESIS
BONUS Energy - Short Answer	Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Lab are studying the production of lipid metabolites by fungi. These metabolites are produced by the oxidation of simpler lipids by cytochrome [SIGH-tow-krohm] P450 enzymes in what double-membrane-bound organelle?	SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC REticulUM (ACCEPT: ENDOPLASMIC REticulUM, ER; DO NOT ACCEPT: ROUGH ER)
TOSS-UP Biology - Multiple Choice	What mammalian characteristic do Echidnas [eh-KID-nahs] lack? W) Hair X) Milk production Y) Nipples Z) Temporal fenestra	Y) NIPLES
BONUS Biology - Multiple Choice	Spiracles on the surface of insects function as part of which of the following organ systems? W) Circulatory X) Digestive Y) Reproductive Z) Respiratory	Z) RESPIRATORY11) Earth and Space \(-\)Multiple Choice Increasing the silica content in rock melts results in an increase in the melt viscosity. Which of the following SI derived units would be used to describe melt viscosity?
TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Short Answer	A large number of Kuiper [KYE-pur] Belt objects possess a 3-to-2 orbital resonance with what planet?	NEPTUNE
BONUS Earth and Space - Short Answer	Acid rain can result from gases released to the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic[an-throw-poh-JEN-ic] activity. Identify all of the following three acids that are commonly found in acid rain: Hydrochloric acid; Nitric acid; Sulfuric acid.	2, 3
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer	Rank the following four single bonds in increasing order of polarity: Carbon-carbon; Carbon-hydrogen; Nitrogen-hydrogen; Fluorine-hydrogen.	1, 2, 3, 4
BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer	Identify all of the following three molecules that would be expected to have a delocalized pi [pie] bond system: Benzene; 1,4-pentadiene [one-four-penta-DYE-een]; 1,3-butadiene [one-three-BYU-tah-DYE-een].	1, 3
TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer	The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of what polymer that consists of sugars cross-linked by short amino acid chains?	PEPTIDOGLYCAN (ACCEPT: MUREIN)
BONUS Biology - Short Answer	For a protein secreted by a eukaryotic cell, put the following three locations in chronological order from synthesis to secretion: Rough ER; Cytoplasm; Extracellular space.	2, 1, 3
TOSS-UP Energy - Short Answer	Physicists at Oak Ridge National Lab have developed a spectroscopic [spek-roth-SCAW-pik] thermometer for nanomaterials and have mapped the temperature of a boron nitride [NYE-traide] nanocrystal to nanometer resolution. What hybridization shared by boron and nitrogen atoms in boron nitride gives it its unique hexagonal [hex-AG-uh-null] shape?	SP\({}^{2}\)
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer	Rank the following three bonds in terms of increasing polarity: F-H; N-H; P-H.	3, 2, 1
TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer	Counting itself, what is the third-largest integer factor of 700?	175
TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer	A common injury seen in soccer or football is a tear to the anterior cruciate ligament, also known as the ACL. What joint does this injury most directly affect?	KNEE
TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Short Answer	The Orion Nebula is an example of what type of nebula?	EMISSION (ACCEPT: REFLECTION, EMISSION-REFLECTION)
BONUS Earth and Space - Multiple Choice	Which of the following best describes why an active galaxy could become a normal galaxy? W) It stops rotating X) Star-formation ceases in the central bulge Y) The supermassive black hole runs out of fuel Z) It collides with another galaxy	Y) THE SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE RUNS OUT OF FUEL
TOSS-UP Energy - Multiple Choice	Pacific Northwest National Lab scientists are depolymerizing lignin. In order to prevent the newly-cleaved lignin monomers from repolymerizing, they scavenge them with what type of molecule? W) Amine X) Alcohol Y) Alkane Z) Alkyne [AL-kine]	X) ALCOHOL
BONUS Energy - Short Answer	Scientists at the National Renewable Energy Lab are studying low-cost, highly absorptive solar cells that are made from thin films of compounds like methylammonium [meth-il-ammonium] lead trihalides [try-HAY-lieds], a member of a group of materials having crystal structures resembling CaTiO\({}{3}\). What is this group of materials called?	PEROVSKITES
TOSS-UP Physics - Multiple Choice	When radium-226 decays into radon-222, it emits an alpha particle as well as a gamma ray. Which of the following best describes this nuclear decay process? W) A unique type of double alpha-gamma decay X) The first alpha decay leaves the radon nucleus in an excited state Y) Alpha emissions are always accompanied by gamma emissions Z) The alpha particle undergoes beta decay, emitting a photon	X) THE FIRST ALPHA DECAY LEAVES THE RADON NUCLEUS IN AN EXCITED STATE
BONUS Physics - Short Answer	A 5-kilogram mass is attached to a spring, and its motion is described by the function \(x\) of \(t\) equals cosine of \(1.5t\), where \(t\) is expressed in seconds. In newtons per meter, what is the spring constant of the spring?	11.25
TOSS-UP Math - Multiple Choice	A square can be cut into two congruent parts by how many different coplanar lines? W) 2 X) 4 Y) 8 Z) An infinite number	Z) AN INFINITE NUMBER
BONUS Math - Short Answer	To the nearest degree, what is the measure of each interior angle of a regular 17-sided polygon?	159
TOSS-UP Chemistry \(-\) Short Answer	What is the oxidation state of nickel in nickel tetracarbonyl! [tetra-carbon-EEL]?	0
TOSS-UP Biology \(-\) Short Answer	In coelomates [SEEL-oh-mates], the body cavity is lined with tissue from what germ layer?	MESODERM
TOSS-UP Physics - Multiple Choice	The proportionality [proportion-AL-ih-tee] constant in the ideal gas equation turns out to be almost equal for all real gases in which of the following conditions? W) High temperature, high pressure X) High temperature, low pressure Y) Low temperature, high pressure Z) Low temperature, low pressure	X) HIGH TEMPERATURE, LOW PRESSURE
BONUS Physics - Short Answer	Consider a yo-yo that is made by winding a string around a uniform disc of radius 1 centimeter. If the disc is allowed to fall vertically and unroll the string without slipping, then in terms of the acceleration \(g\) due to gravity, what is the acceleration of the yo-yo?	2\(g\)/3 (ACCEPT: 2/3 \(g\))
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Multiple Choice	Which of the following best describes the orbital interactions when a cyanide ion performs nucleophilic addition into an aldehyde group? W) The HOMO of cyanide overlaps with the LUMO of the aldehyde on the carbon side X) The HOMO of cyanide overlaps with the LUMO of the aldehyde on the oxygen side Y) The LUMO of cyanide overlaps with the HOMO of the aldehyde on the carbon side Z) The LUMO of the cyanide overlaps with the HOMO of the aldehyde on the oxygen side	W) THE HOMO OF CYANIDE OVERLAPS WITH THE LUMO OF THE ALDEHYDE ON THE CARBON SIDE
BONUS Chemistry - Multiple Choice	A galvanic [gal-VAN-ik] cell has a copper anode and a silver cathode. Which of the following would decrease the voltage across the two electrodes? W) Increasing the concentration of Cu\({}^{2+}\) ions near the anode X) Increasing the concentration of Ag\({}^{+}\) ions near the cathode Y) Increasing the area of the copper electrode Z) Increasing the electrolyte pH	W) INCREASING THE CONCENTRATION OF Cu\({}^{2+}\) IONS NEAR THE ANODE15) Energy - Short Answer Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab are studying elements in eukaryotic DNA that bind to transcription factors, but are often thousands of base pairs away from the gene they control. What is the term for these elements?
BONUS Energy - Short Answer	Scientists at Princeton Plasma Physics Lab are growing nanotubes made of what element as potential transistor components?	CARBON
TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer	What is the y-intercept of the line with slope 4 that contains the point (3, -?	-13 (ACCEPT: (0, -13))
BONUS Math - Short Answer	Consider an infinite geometric series with sum equal to 11/3 and first term 6/5. What is the value of the common ratio \(r\) for this series?	37/5517) Earth and Space \(-\)Multiple Choice Which of the following is the most likely next event in the evolution of Betelgeuse [BAY-tel-jews]?
## BONUS Math - Short Answer	Consider the graph given by the parametric equations \(x=t\)\({}^{2}-2t\) and \(y=t+1\). At what values of \(y\) will \(x\) equal 8?	-1 AND 5
## BONUS Earth and Space - Short Answer	Identify all of the following three plate boundary types that are present at mid-ocean ridges: Convergent; Divergent; Transform.	2, 3
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer	Identify all of the following three compounds that contain both covalent and ionic bonds: Sodium nitrate; Hydrogen peroxide; Lithium chloride.	1
BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer	What is the average kinetic energy, to the nearest tenth of a kilojoule per mole, of argon at 300 kelvins?	3.7
TOSS-UP Physics - Short Answer	In 1932, Carl Anderson noticed a set of tracks in his cloud chamber that were similar to those created by electrons, but curving the other way. These particles are now called what?	POSITRONS (ACCEPT: ANTI-ELECTRONS)
BONUS Physics - Short Answer	A \(2i+3j\) force acts at a position -\(i\) - \(4j\) relative to a point P. In vector form, what is the torque [tork] at point P?	\(5k\)23) Biology - Short Answer C4 photosynthesis is thought to be an adaptation that bypasses what pathway, by which RuBisCO [foo-BIS-koh] oxidizes RuBP [R-U-B-P] rather than carboxolating it?
TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer	To the nearest whole number, what is the slant height of a right circular cone with radius 7 and height 6?	9
TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer	Diastole [dye-ASS-tuh-lee] and systole [SIS-tuh-lee] correspond to the phases of what organ?	HEART
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer	Rank the following three aqueous solutions in terms of increasing electrolyte strength: One-molar sucrose; One-molar hydrochloric acid; One-molar acetic acid.	1, 3, 2
TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Multiple Choice	Arkose contains quartz and at least 25 percent of what other mineral group? W) Carbonate X) Feldspar Y) Mica [MY-kah] Z) Clay	X) FELDSPAR
## BONUS Energy - Multiple Choice	Scientists at Ames Lab have developed solvent-free techniques to synthesize alkali metal hydrides. Which of the following techniques do they use to unambiguously determine that the hydrogen atoms have bound to the metal? W) Gravimetric analysis X) Infrared spectroscopy Y) UV/Vis spectroscopy Z) Solid-state NMR spectroscopy	Z) SOLID-STATE NMR SPECTROSCOPY
TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer	If the definite integral from 2 to 6 of \(f\)of \(x\) d\(x\) = 26, then what is the definite integral from 2 to 6 of \(f\)of \(x\) minus 4 d\(x\)?	10
## BONUS Math - Short Answer	Rounded to the nearest integer, what is the geometric mean of 6 and 85?	239) Earth and Space - Multiple Choice Which of the following values, in kelvins, is closest to the temperature of the Sun's photosphere?
TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer	Of what class are sharks and rays members?	CHONDRICHTHYES [KON-dirik-theez]
TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer	In rod cells, what protein is photobleached when exposed to light?	RHODOPSIN
BONUS Biology - Short Answer	Several important evolutionary features only evolved once in history. Identify all of the following three features that are known to have evolved a single time: C4 photosynthesis; Ammiotic egg; Feathers.	2, 3
TOSS-UP Energy - Short Answer	Scientists at Fermi National Accelerator Lab are attempting to detect WIMPs as a part of the SuperCDMS experiment. WIMPs are particles that are thought to primarily interact with ordinary matter via what two fundamental forces?	GRAVITY AND WEAK (ACCEPT: GRAVITY AND WEAK NUCLEAR, GRAVITY AND WEAK INTERACTION)
BONUS Energy - Short Answer	Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Lab are developing methods to engineer the rhizosphere [RYE-zoh-feger]. This is the area of soil that interacts with what part of the plant?	ROOTS15) Earth and Space \(-\)Multiple Choice A stream's competence is a measure of which of the following?
TOSS-UP Physics \(-\) Multiple Choice	Which of the following capacitor configurations for four identical capacitors would yield the largest stored charge for a given voltage? W) All four capacitors connected in series X) Two parallel branches of two series capacitors Y) Three capacitors in parallel, in series to a fourth Z) All four capacitors connected in parallel	Z) ALL FOUR CAPACITORS CONNECTED IN PARALLEL
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer	What is the bond order of the diatomic species N\({}{2}\) two minus?	TWO
BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer	Rank the following three nuclides in terms of increasing binding energy per nucleon: Deuterium [doo-TEER-ee-um]; Helium-4; Lithium-6.	1, 3, 2
TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer	The science and chess clubs at a school have a total of 60 students in them. If 37 are in the science club and 28 are in the chess club, how many are in both?	5
BONUS Math - Short Answer	What is the slope-intercept equation of the oblique asymptote of the function \(f\) of \(x\) equals the fraction with numerator \(2x^{2}\) - 5 and denominator \(x+3\)?	\(y=2x-6\)
TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer	In the lac operon in E. coli, CAP acts as an activator protein. What second messenger must bind to CAP to activate transcription of the DNA?	CYCLIC AMP (ACCEPT: cAMP)
BONUS Biology - Multiple Choice	John Gurdon studied toitpotency [toh-TIH-path-ten-see] by implanting a nucleus from a fully-differentiated frog cell into enucleated egg cells. Which of the following best describes what he observed about the egg? W) It continued to divide, but stopped development prior to forming a tadpole X) It continued to divide and developed into a tadpole as normal Y) It did not begin to divide after nucleation Z) It continued to divide, but skipped the tadpole stage and formed a frog	W) IT CONTINUED TO DIVIDE, BUT STOPPED DEVELOPMENT PRIOR TO FORMING A TADPOLE
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer	What named pericyclic reaction is classically the reaction of a di-ene [DYE-een] with a dienophile [dye-EENOH-file] in a single, concerted step?	DIELS-ALDER REACTION
BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer	Identify all of the following three changes to an organic reaction that would increase its rate constant: Decreasing the energy of the nucleophile HOMO; Decreasing the energy of the electrophile LUMO; Decreasing the overlap between nucleophile HOMO and electrophile LUMO.	2
TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Short Answer	Astronomers sometimes notice that spectral lines can be broadened due to the presence of strong magnetic fields. What is the name for this effect?	ZEEMAN EFFECT
BONUS Earth and Space - Short Answer	Arrange the following three atmospheric boundaries in order of increasing pressure: Mesopause; Tropopause; Stratopause.	1, 3, 2
TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer	The line with equation \(y=2x-7\) is reflected across the \(y\)-axis. What is the slope-intercept equation of its image?	\(y=-2x-7\)
BONUS Math - Short Answer	How many two-digit positive integers have the tens digit strictly less than the ones digit?	3623) Physics - Short Answer What principle posits the requirement that the laws of physics must be equivalent in all inertial [in-UR-shul] reference frames?
TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Short Answer	What was the most abundant atmospheric gas during the Proterozoic [proh-tair-oh-ZOH-ik] Eon?	NITROGEN (ACCEPT: DINITROGEN, N\({}{2}\))
BONUS Earth and Space - Multiple Choice	A transgressive stratigraphic sequence can be related to which of the following events? W) Sea-level rise X) Orogeny [or-4W-jeh-nee] Y) Oxbow lake formation Z) Significant rainfall events	W) SEA-LEVEL RISE
TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer	Marie places 4.4 grams of dry ice in a vacuum-sealed 5-liter bag at standard temperature. After the dry ice reaches standard temperature, then, to the nearest tenth of a liter, how much volume will it fill?	2.2
BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer	Identify all of the following three molecules that typically undergo an Sn1 reaction in the presence of a nucleophile: Methyl-bromide; 2-bromo-propane; Tert-butyl-amine [turt-BYOO-til-ah-MEEN].	2
TOSS-UP Energy - Multiple Choice	Scientists at Los Alamos National Lab are measuring the positron flux in Earth's upper atmosphere. Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning positrons? W) They decay into muons X) They have a positive charge Y) They are first-generation leptons Z) They can interact with electrons to generate two gamma rays	W) THEY DECAY INTO MUONS
BONUS Energy - Multiple Choice	Lawrence Berkeley National Lab scientists are studying the teeth of parrotfish due to their unique structure. Parrotfish can be classified best as which of the following? W) Lobe-finned fish X) Hagfish Y) Ray-finned fish Z) Sharks	Y) RAY-FINNED FISH
TOSS-UP Physics - Short Answer	Consider a circuit in which two light bulbs with equal resistance values are connected in parallel. If one of the light bulbs burns out, by what factor is the brightness of the other bulb multiplied?	ONE
BONUS Physics - Short Answer	Consider a 200-newton-meter torque [tork] that acts on a solid disk of radius one meter and mass 100 kilograms. What is the angular velocity of the disk after 5 seconds, in radians per second?	20
TOSS-UP Math - Multiple Choice	For a conic section, which of the following values of eccentricity would indicate that the conic section is an ellipse? W) 0 X) 0.5 Y) 1 Z) 1.5	X) 0.5
BONUS Math - Short Answer	What are the coordinates of the image of the point (-1, when it is reflected through the line \(y=x-4\)?	(9, -5) (ACCEPT: \(x=9\) AND \(y=-5\))
TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer	What type of connective tissue links muscles to bones?	TENDON
BONUS Biology - Short Answer	Identify all of the following three statements that are true of SDS-PAGE: It requires addition of antioxidant to the inner gel chamber; It requires protein denaturation using urea; It relies on SDS binding proportional to protein mass.	1, 3
TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Short Answer	What type of sub-stellar object can fuse deuterium [doo-TEER-ee-um] but not hydrogen?	BROWN DWARF
BONUS Earth and Space - Short Answer	An asteroid revolves around the Sun every 64 Earth-years. To the nearest whole astronomical unit, what is the semimajor axis of the asteroid?	16
TOSS-UP Physics - Short Answer	Similar to his famous gold foil experiment, Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with alpha particles, and observed that each event released a proton. Into what isotope was the nitrogen converted?	OXYGEN-17
BONUS Physics - Short Answer	A certain steel guitar has strings of length 1 meter and cross sectional area 2 times \(10^{-6}\) square meter. If the Young's modulus of steel is 2 times \(10^{11}\) newtons per square meter, then in newtons, what is the tension in the string when it is stretched 0.02 meter for tuning?	8000
TOSS-UP Biology - Multiple Choice	The organisms that form arbuscular mycorrhizalae are part of what group of fungi? W) Chytrids [KIH-trids] X) Glomeromycetes [glo-mair-oh-MY-seets] Y) Basidiomycetes [bah-sid-ee-oh-MY-seet] Z) Ascomycetes	X) GLOMEROMYCETES
BONUS Biology - Short Answer	Starting with the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and ending with the assimilation of nitrogen compounds by plants, order the following three ions of the nitrogen cycle chronologically: Ammonium; Nitrate; Nitrite.	1, 3, 2
TOSS-UP Math - Multiple Choice	The graph of a continuous function \(f\) contains the points (3, -and (8, -. The intermediate value theorem guarantees an x-value such that \(f\) of \(x\) equals which of the following? W) -5 X) -2 Y) 2 Z) 5	W) -5
BONUS Math - Short Answer	How many zeroes occur at the right of the number of permutations of 60 objects taken 20 at a time?	511) Energy - Short Answer Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Lab are studying O-linked glycosylation [glove-law-sil-AY-shun] of the tau protein. This post-translational process plays a role in the pathogenesis [path-oh-JEN-eh-sis] of what human disease?

TOSS-UP Energy - Multiple Choice

Idaho National Lab researchers are studying rocks that form near rhyolitic [rye-oh-LIT-ik] eruptions with x-ray fluorescence. Which of the following statements is true regarding the magma from eruptions? W) It contains little silica compared to basaltic magma X) It is cooler in temperature than basaltic magma Y) It is low-viscosity compared to basaltic magma Z) It is high in iron content relative to basaltic magma

X) IT IS COOLER IN TEMPERATURE THAN BASALIC MAGMA

BONUS Energy - Short Answer

Scientists at SLAC National Accelerator Lab are developing improvements to scanning tunneling electron microscopy. In this technique, an electron beam interacts with what shell of electrons in the sample?

VALENCE SHELL

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a Lewis acid? W) Boron tribromide X) Aluminum trichloride Y) Carbon tetrachloride Z) Sulfur trioxide

Y) CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer

Rank the following three indicators in terms of increasing pKa: Phenolphthalein [fee-nawf-THAY-leen]; Methyl red; Bromothymol [BROH-mo-THIGH-mawl] blue.

2, 3, 1

TOSS-UP Biology - Multiple Choice

What is the name of the largest family of human cell surface receptors that is characterized by a 7-transmembrane domain motif? W) G-protein coupled receptor X) Ionotropic receptor Y) Receptor tyrosine kinase Z) Catalytic receptor

W) G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR

BONUS Biology - Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a seedless, vascular plant? W) Ferns X) Liverworts Y) Horsetails Z) Club mosses

X) LIVERWORTS

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which of the following would cause the electron distribution in a molecule to change the least? W) A nearby ion X) A far-away dipole Y) An external magnetic field Z) An external electric field

X) A FAR-AWAY DIPOLE

TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer

What is the slope of a line perpendicular to the line with equation 7\(x-6y=21\)?

-6/7

TOSS-UP Earth and Space \(-\) Short Answer

What letter denotes the spectral type of the Sun?

G (ACCEPT G2, G2V)

TOSS-UP Biology \(-\) Short Answer

A pea plant with yellow, round seeds that is heterozygous [hetero-ZYE-gus] for both traits is allowed to self-pollinate. What percentage of the offspring plants will be true-breeding for both yellow and wrinkled seeds?

6.25 (ACCEPT: 6\(\%\), 25/4)

TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer

Two groups of the same species of monkey develop different mating rituals and eventually become reproductively incompatible. If this occurs while they occupy the same geographic region, what is the adjective for the type of speciation that has occurred?

SYMPATRIC

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which of the following elements has the largest first ionization energy? W) Sodium X) Aluminum Y) Argon Z) Chlorine

Y) ARGON

TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer

What is the 5/3 power of -8?

-32

BONUS Math - Short Answer

A jar contains 9 coins: 8 fair coins and 1 double-headed coin. If a random coin is selected from the jar, is flipped, and comes up heads, what is the probability that the double-headed coin was the one selected?

1/5 (ACCEPT: 0.20, 20%)

TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Multiple Choice

Where on the H-R diagram can one find red dwarf stars? W) Top right X) Bottom right Y) Bottom left Z) Top left

X) BOTOM RIGHT

BONUS Earth and Space - Short Answer

Identify all of the following three positions on the celestial sphere that have a declination of zero: Summer solstice; Autumnal equinox; Winter solstice.

2

TOSS-UP Physics - Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the shape of the graph of potential energy as a function of position for a constant force? W) Linear X) Quadratic Y) Logarithmic Z) Exponential

W) LINEAR

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer

Cyclohexene undergoes hydrogenation with hydrogen gas. What is the molecular formula of the product of the reaction?

C6H12

TOSS-UP Energy - Multiple Choice

Oak Ridge National Lab scientists are studying bacteria that have penicillin resistance. Penicillin and similar drugs inhibit what process in the bacteria? W) DNA replication X) Translation Y) Cell wall biosynthesis Z) Ribosome assembly

Y) CELL WALL BIOSYNTHESIS

BONUS Energy - Short Answer

Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Lab are studying the production of lipid metabolites by fungi. These metabolites are produced by the oxidation of simpler lipids by cytochrome [SIGH-tow-krohm] P450 enzymes in what double-membrane-bound organelle?

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC REticulUM (ACCEPT: ENDOPLASMIC REticulUM, ER; DO NOT ACCEPT: ROUGH ER)

TOSS-UP Biology - Multiple Choice

What mammalian characteristic do Echidnas [eh-KID-nahs] lack? W) Hair X) Milk production Y) Nipples Z) Temporal fenestra

Y) NIPLES

BONUS Biology - Multiple Choice

Spiracles on the surface of insects function as part of which of the following organ systems? W) Circulatory X) Digestive Y) Reproductive Z) Respiratory

Z) RESPIRATORY11) Earth and Space \(-\)Multiple Choice Increasing the silica content in rock melts results in an increase in the melt viscosity. Which of the following SI derived units would be used to describe melt viscosity?

TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Short Answer

A large number of Kuiper [KYE-pur] Belt objects possess a 3-to-2 orbital resonance with what planet?

NEPTUNE

BONUS Earth and Space - Short Answer

Acid rain can result from gases released to the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic[an-throw-poh-JEN-ic] activity. Identify all of the following three acids that are commonly found in acid rain: Hydrochloric acid; Nitric acid; Sulfuric acid.

2, 3

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer

Rank the following four single bonds in increasing order of polarity: Carbon-carbon; Carbon-hydrogen; Nitrogen-hydrogen; Fluorine-hydrogen.

1, 2, 3, 4

BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer

Identify all of the following three molecules that would be expected to have a delocalized pi [pie] bond system: Benzene; 1,4-pentadiene [one-four-penta-DYE-een]; 1,3-butadiene [one-three-BYU-tah-DYE-een].

1, 3

TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer

The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of what polymer that consists of sugars cross-linked by short amino acid chains?

PEPTIDOGLYCAN (ACCEPT: MUREIN)

BONUS Biology - Short Answer

For a protein secreted by a eukaryotic cell, put the following three locations in chronological order from synthesis to secretion: Rough ER; Cytoplasm; Extracellular space.

2, 1, 3

TOSS-UP Energy - Short Answer

Physicists at Oak Ridge National Lab have developed a spectroscopic [spek-roth-SCAW-pik] thermometer for nanomaterials and have mapped the temperature of a boron nitride [NYE-traide] nanocrystal to nanometer resolution. What hybridization shared by boron and nitrogen atoms in boron nitride gives it its unique hexagonal [hex-AG-uh-null] shape?

SP\({}^{2}\)

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer

Rank the following three bonds in terms of increasing polarity: F-H; N-H; P-H.

3, 2, 1

TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer

Counting itself, what is the third-largest integer factor of 700?

175

TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer

A common injury seen in soccer or football is a tear to the anterior cruciate ligament, also known as the ACL. What joint does this injury most directly affect?

KNEE

TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Short Answer

The Orion Nebula is an example of what type of nebula?

EMISSION (ACCEPT: REFLECTION, EMISSION-REFLECTION)

BONUS Earth and Space - Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes why an active galaxy could become a normal galaxy? W) It stops rotating X) Star-formation ceases in the central bulge Y) The supermassive black hole runs out of fuel Z) It collides with another galaxy

Y) THE SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE RUNS OUT OF FUEL

TOSS-UP Energy - Multiple Choice

Pacific Northwest National Lab scientists are depolymerizing lignin. In order to prevent the newly-cleaved lignin monomers from repolymerizing, they scavenge them with what type of molecule? W) Amine X) Alcohol Y) Alkane Z) Alkyne [AL-kine]

X) ALCOHOL

BONUS Energy - Short Answer

Scientists at the National Renewable Energy Lab are studying low-cost, highly absorptive solar cells that are made from thin films of compounds like methylammonium [meth-il-ammonium] lead trihalides [try-HAY-lieds], a member of a group of materials having crystal structures resembling CaTiO\({}{3}\). What is this group of materials called?

PEROVSKITES

TOSS-UP Physics - Multiple Choice

When radium-226 decays into radon-222, it emits an alpha particle as well as a gamma ray. Which of the following best describes this nuclear decay process? W) A unique type of double alpha-gamma decay X) The first alpha decay leaves the radon nucleus in an excited state Y) Alpha emissions are always accompanied by gamma emissions Z) The alpha particle undergoes beta decay, emitting a photon

X) THE FIRST ALPHA DECAY LEAVES THE RADON NUCLEUS IN AN EXCITED STATE

BONUS Physics - Short Answer

A 5-kilogram mass is attached to a spring, and its motion is described by the function \(x\) of \(t\) equals cosine of \(1.5t\), where \(t\) is expressed in seconds. In newtons per meter, what is the spring constant of the spring?

11.25

TOSS-UP Math - Multiple Choice

A square can be cut into two congruent parts by how many different coplanar lines? W) 2 X) 4 Y) 8 Z) An infinite number

Z) AN INFINITE NUMBER

BONUS Math - Short Answer

To the nearest degree, what is the measure of each interior angle of a regular 17-sided polygon?

159

TOSS-UP Chemistry \(-\) Short Answer

What is the oxidation state of nickel in nickel tetracarbonyl! [tetra-carbon-EEL]?

0

TOSS-UP Biology \(-\) Short Answer

In coelomates [SEEL-oh-mates], the body cavity is lined with tissue from what germ layer?

MESODERM

TOSS-UP Physics - Multiple Choice

The proportionality [proportion-AL-ih-tee] constant in the ideal gas equation turns out to be almost equal for all real gases in which of the following conditions? W) High temperature, high pressure X) High temperature, low pressure Y) Low temperature, high pressure Z) Low temperature, low pressure

X) HIGH TEMPERATURE, LOW PRESSURE

BONUS Physics - Short Answer

Consider a yo-yo that is made by winding a string around a uniform disc of radius 1 centimeter. If the disc is allowed to fall vertically and unroll the string without slipping, then in terms of the acceleration \(g\) due to gravity, what is the acceleration of the yo-yo?

2\(g\)/3 (ACCEPT: 2/3 \(g\))

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the orbital interactions when a cyanide ion performs nucleophilic addition into an aldehyde group? W) The HOMO of cyanide overlaps with the LUMO of the aldehyde on the carbon side X) The HOMO of cyanide overlaps with the LUMO of the aldehyde on the oxygen side Y) The LUMO of cyanide overlaps with the HOMO of the aldehyde on the carbon side Z) The LUMO of the cyanide overlaps with the HOMO of the aldehyde on the oxygen side

W) THE HOMO OF CYANIDE OVERLAPS WITH THE LUMO OF THE ALDEHYDE ON THE CARBON SIDE

BONUS Chemistry - Multiple Choice

A galvanic [gal-VAN-ik] cell has a copper anode and a silver cathode. Which of the following would decrease the voltage across the two electrodes? W) Increasing the concentration of Cu\({}^{2+}\) ions near the anode X) Increasing the concentration of Ag\({}^{+}\) ions near the cathode Y) Increasing the area of the copper electrode Z) Increasing the electrolyte pH

W) INCREASING THE CONCENTRATION OF Cu\({}^{2+}\) IONS NEAR THE ANODE15) Energy - Short Answer Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab are studying elements in eukaryotic DNA that bind to transcription factors, but are often thousands of base pairs away from the gene they control. What is the term for these elements?

BONUS Energy - Short Answer

Scientists at Princeton Plasma Physics Lab are growing nanotubes made of what element as potential transistor components?

CARBON

TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer

What is the y-intercept of the line with slope 4 that contains the point (3, -?

-13 (ACCEPT: (0, -13))

BONUS Math - Short Answer

Consider an infinite geometric series with sum equal to 11/3 and first term 6/5. What is the value of the common ratio \(r\) for this series?

37/5517) Earth and Space \(-\)Multiple Choice Which of the following is the most likely next event in the evolution of Betelgeuse [BAY-tel-jews]?

## BONUS Math - Short Answer

Consider the graph given by the parametric equations \(x=t\)\({}^{2}-2t\) and \(y=t+1\). At what values of \(y\) will \(x\) equal 8?

-1 AND 5

## BONUS Earth and Space - Short Answer

Identify all of the following three plate boundary types that are present at mid-ocean ridges: Convergent; Divergent; Transform.

2, 3

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer

Identify all of the following three compounds that contain both covalent and ionic bonds: Sodium nitrate; Hydrogen peroxide; Lithium chloride.

1

BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer

What is the average kinetic energy, to the nearest tenth of a kilojoule per mole, of argon at 300 kelvins?

3.7

TOSS-UP Physics - Short Answer

In 1932, Carl Anderson noticed a set of tracks in his cloud chamber that were similar to those created by electrons, but curving the other way. These particles are now called what?

POSITRONS (ACCEPT: ANTI-ELECTRONS)

BONUS Physics - Short Answer

A \(2i+3j\) force acts at a position -\(i\) - \(4j\) relative to a point P. In vector form, what is the torque [tork] at point P?

\(5k\)23) Biology - Short Answer C4 photosynthesis is thought to be an adaptation that bypasses what pathway, by which RuBisCO [foo-BIS-koh] oxidizes RuBP [R-U-B-P] rather than carboxolating it?

TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer

To the nearest whole number, what is the slant height of a right circular cone with radius 7 and height 6?

9

TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer

Diastole [dye-ASS-tuh-lee] and systole [SIS-tuh-lee] correspond to the phases of what organ?

HEART

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer

Rank the following three aqueous solutions in terms of increasing electrolyte strength: One-molar sucrose; One-molar hydrochloric acid; One-molar acetic acid.

1, 3, 2

TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Multiple Choice

Arkose contains quartz and at least 25 percent of what other mineral group? W) Carbonate X) Feldspar Y) Mica [MY-kah] Z) Clay

X) FELDSPAR

## BONUS Energy - Multiple Choice

Scientists at Ames Lab have developed solvent-free techniques to synthesize alkali metal hydrides. Which of the following techniques do they use to unambiguously determine that the hydrogen atoms have bound to the metal? W) Gravimetric analysis X) Infrared spectroscopy Y) UV/Vis spectroscopy Z) Solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Z) SOLID-STATE NMR SPECTROSCOPY

TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer

If the definite integral from 2 to 6 of \(f\)of \(x\) d\(x\) = 26, then what is the definite integral from 2 to 6 of \(f\)of \(x\) minus 4 d\(x\)?

10

## BONUS Math - Short Answer

Rounded to the nearest integer, what is the geometric mean of 6 and 85?

239) Earth and Space - Multiple Choice Which of the following values, in kelvins, is closest to the temperature of the Sun's photosphere?

TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer

Of what class are sharks and rays members?

CHONDRICHTHYES [KON-dirik-theez]

TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer

In rod cells, what protein is photobleached when exposed to light?

RHODOPSIN

BONUS Biology - Short Answer

Several important evolutionary features only evolved once in history. Identify all of the following three features that are known to have evolved a single time: C4 photosynthesis; Ammiotic egg; Feathers.

2, 3

TOSS-UP Energy - Short Answer

Scientists at Fermi National Accelerator Lab are attempting to detect WIMPs as a part of the SuperCDMS experiment. WIMPs are particles that are thought to primarily interact with ordinary matter via what two fundamental forces?

GRAVITY AND WEAK (ACCEPT: GRAVITY AND WEAK NUCLEAR, GRAVITY AND WEAK INTERACTION)

BONUS Energy - Short Answer

Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Lab are developing methods to engineer the rhizosphere [RYE-zoh-feger]. This is the area of soil that interacts with what part of the plant?

ROOTS15) Earth and Space \(-\)Multiple Choice A stream's competence is a measure of which of the following?

TOSS-UP Physics \(-\) Multiple Choice

Which of the following capacitor configurations for four identical capacitors would yield the largest stored charge for a given voltage? W) All four capacitors connected in series X) Two parallel branches of two series capacitors Y) Three capacitors in parallel, in series to a fourth Z) All four capacitors connected in parallel

Z) ALL FOUR CAPACITORS CONNECTED IN PARALLEL

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer

What is the bond order of the diatomic species N\({}{2}\) two minus?

TWO

BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer

Rank the following three nuclides in terms of increasing binding energy per nucleon: Deuterium [doo-TEER-ee-um]; Helium-4; Lithium-6.

1, 3, 2

TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer

The science and chess clubs at a school have a total of 60 students in them. If 37 are in the science club and 28 are in the chess club, how many are in both?

5

BONUS Math - Short Answer

What is the slope-intercept equation of the oblique asymptote of the function \(f\) of \(x\) equals the fraction with numerator \(2x^{2}\) - 5 and denominator \(x+3\)?

\(y=2x-6\)

TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer

In the lac operon in E. coli, CAP acts as an activator protein. What second messenger must bind to CAP to activate transcription of the DNA?

CYCLIC AMP (ACCEPT: cAMP)

BONUS Biology - Multiple Choice

John Gurdon studied toitpotency [toh-TIH-path-ten-see] by implanting a nucleus from a fully-differentiated frog cell into enucleated egg cells. Which of the following best describes what he observed about the egg? W) It continued to divide, but stopped development prior to forming a tadpole X) It continued to divide and developed into a tadpole as normal Y) It did not begin to divide after nucleation Z) It continued to divide, but skipped the tadpole stage and formed a frog

W) IT CONTINUED TO DIVIDE, BUT STOPPED DEVELOPMENT PRIOR TO FORMING A TADPOLE

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer

What named pericyclic reaction is classically the reaction of a di-ene [DYE-een] with a dienophile [dye-EENOH-file] in a single, concerted step?

DIELS-ALDER REACTION

BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer

Identify all of the following three changes to an organic reaction that would increase its rate constant: Decreasing the energy of the nucleophile HOMO; Decreasing the energy of the electrophile LUMO; Decreasing the overlap between nucleophile HOMO and electrophile LUMO.

2

TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Short Answer

Astronomers sometimes notice that spectral lines can be broadened due to the presence of strong magnetic fields. What is the name for this effect?

ZEEMAN EFFECT

BONUS Earth and Space - Short Answer

Arrange the following three atmospheric boundaries in order of increasing pressure: Mesopause; Tropopause; Stratopause.

1, 3, 2

TOSS-UP Math - Short Answer

The line with equation \(y=2x-7\) is reflected across the \(y\)-axis. What is the slope-intercept equation of its image?

\(y=-2x-7\)

BONUS Math - Short Answer

How many two-digit positive integers have the tens digit strictly less than the ones digit?

3623) Physics - Short Answer What principle posits the requirement that the laws of physics must be equivalent in all inertial [in-UR-shul] reference frames?

TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Short Answer

What was the most abundant atmospheric gas during the Proterozoic [proh-tair-oh-ZOH-ik] Eon?

NITROGEN (ACCEPT: DINITROGEN, N\({}{2}\))

BONUS Earth and Space - Multiple Choice

A transgressive stratigraphic sequence can be related to which of the following events? W) Sea-level rise X) Orogeny [or-4W-jeh-nee] Y) Oxbow lake formation Z) Significant rainfall events

W) SEA-LEVEL RISE

TOSS-UP Chemistry - Short Answer

Marie places 4.4 grams of dry ice in a vacuum-sealed 5-liter bag at standard temperature. After the dry ice reaches standard temperature, then, to the nearest tenth of a liter, how much volume will it fill?

2.2

BONUS Chemistry - Short Answer

Identify all of the following three molecules that typically undergo an Sn1 reaction in the presence of a nucleophile: Methyl-bromide; 2-bromo-propane; Tert-butyl-amine [turt-BYOO-til-ah-MEEN].

2

TOSS-UP Energy - Multiple Choice

Scientists at Los Alamos National Lab are measuring the positron flux in Earth's upper atmosphere. Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning positrons? W) They decay into muons X) They have a positive charge Y) They are first-generation leptons Z) They can interact with electrons to generate two gamma rays

W) THEY DECAY INTO MUONS

BONUS Energy - Multiple Choice

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab scientists are studying the teeth of parrotfish due to their unique structure. Parrotfish can be classified best as which of the following? W) Lobe-finned fish X) Hagfish Y) Ray-finned fish Z) Sharks

Y) RAY-FINNED FISH

TOSS-UP Physics - Short Answer

Consider a circuit in which two light bulbs with equal resistance values are connected in parallel. If one of the light bulbs burns out, by what factor is the brightness of the other bulb multiplied?

ONE

BONUS Physics - Short Answer

Consider a 200-newton-meter torque [tork] that acts on a solid disk of radius one meter and mass 100 kilograms. What is the angular velocity of the disk after 5 seconds, in radians per second?

20

TOSS-UP Math - Multiple Choice

For a conic section, which of the following values of eccentricity would indicate that the conic section is an ellipse? W) 0 X) 0.5 Y) 1 Z) 1.5

X) 0.5

BONUS Math - Short Answer

What are the coordinates of the image of the point (-1, when it is reflected through the line \(y=x-4\)?

(9, -5) (ACCEPT: \(x=9\) AND \(y=-5\))

TOSS-UP Biology - Short Answer

What type of connective tissue links muscles to bones?

TENDON

BONUS Biology - Short Answer

Identify all of the following three statements that are true of SDS-PAGE: It requires addition of antioxidant to the inner gel chamber; It requires protein denaturation using urea; It relies on SDS binding proportional to protein mass.

1, 3

TOSS-UP Earth and Space - Short Answer

What type of sub-stellar object can fuse deuterium [doo-TEER-ee-um] but not hydrogen?

BROWN DWARF

BONUS Earth and Space - Short Answer

An asteroid revolves around the Sun every 64 Earth-years. To the nearest whole astronomical unit, what is the semimajor axis of the asteroid?

16

TOSS-UP Physics - Short Answer

Similar to his famous gold foil experiment, Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with alpha particles, and observed that each event released a proton. Into what isotope was the nitrogen converted?

OXYGEN-17

BONUS Physics - Short Answer

A certain steel guitar has strings of length 1 meter and cross sectional area 2 times \(10^{-6}\) square meter. If the Young's modulus of steel is 2 times \(10^{11}\) newtons per square meter, then in newtons, what is the tension in the string when it is stretched 0.02 meter for tuning?

8000

TOSS-UP Biology - Multiple Choice

The organisms that form arbuscular mycorrhizalae are part of what group of fungi? W) Chytrids [KIH-trids] X) Glomeromycetes [glo-mair-oh-MY-seets] Y) Basidiomycetes [bah-sid-ee-oh-MY-seet] Z) Ascomycetes

X) GLOMEROMYCETES

BONUS Biology - Short Answer

Starting with the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and ending with the assimilation of nitrogen compounds by plants, order the following three ions of the nitrogen cycle chronologically: Ammonium; Nitrate; Nitrite.

1, 3, 2

TOSS-UP Math - Multiple Choice

The graph of a continuous function \(f\) contains the points (3, -and (8, -. The intermediate value theorem guarantees an x-value such that \(f\) of \(x\) equals which of the following? W) -5 X) -2 Y) 2 Z) 5

W) -5

BONUS Math - Short Answer

How many zeroes occur at the right of the number of permutations of 60 objects taken 20 at a time?

511) Energy - Short Answer Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Lab are studying O-linked glycosylation [glove-law-sil-AY-shun] of the tau protein. This post-translational process plays a role in the pathogenesis [path-oh-JEN-eh-sis] of what human disease?