Chinese RoBERTa Miniatures

Model description

This is the set of 24 Chinese RoBERTa models pre-trained by UER-py, which is introduced in this paper. Besides, the models could also be pre-trained by TencentPretrain introduced in this paper, which inherits UER-py to support models with parameters above one billion, and extends it to a multimodal pre-training framework.

Turc et al. have shown that the standard BERT recipe is effective on a wide range of model sizes. Following their paper, we released the 24 Chinese RoBERTa models. In order to facilitate users in reproducing the results, we used a publicly available corpus and provided all training details.

You can download the 24 Chinese RoBERTa miniatures either from the UER-py Modelzoo page, or via HuggingFace from the links below:

	H=128	H=256	H=512	H=768
L=2	2/128 (Tiny)	2/256	2/512	2/768
L=4	4/128	4/256 (Mini)	4/512 (Small)	4/768
L=6	6/128	6/256	6/512	6/768
L=8	8/128	8/256	8/512 (Medium)	8/768
L=10	10/128	10/256	10/512	10/768
L=12	12/128	12/256	12/512	12/768 (Base)

Here are scores on the devlopment set of six Chinese tasks:

Model	Score	book_review	chnsenticorp	lcqmc	tnews(CLUE)	iflytek(CLUE)	ocnli(CLUE)
RoBERTa-Tiny	72.3	83.4	91.4	81.8	62.0	55.0	60.3
RoBERTa-Mini	75.9	85.7	93.7	86.1	63.9	58.3	67.4
RoBERTa-Small	76.9	87.5	93.4	86.5	65.1	59.4	69.7
RoBERTa-Medium	78.0	88.7	94.8	88.1	65.6	59.5	71.2
RoBERTa-Base	79.7	90.1	95.2	89.2	67.0	60.9	75.5

For each task, we selected the best fine-tuning hyperparameters from the lists below, and trained with the sequence length of 128:

epochs: 3, 5, 8
batch sizes: 32, 64
learning rates: 3e-5, 1e-4, 3e-4

How to use

You can use this model directly with a pipeline for masked language modeling (take the case of RoBERTa-Medium):

>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='uer/chinese_roberta_L-8_H-512')
>>> unmasker("中国的首都是[MASK]京。")
[
    {'sequence': '[CLS] 中 国 的 首 都 是 北 京 。 [SEP]', 
     'score': 0.8701988458633423, 
     'token': 1266, 
     'token_str': '北'},
    {'sequence': '[CLS] 中 国 的 首 都 是 南 京 。 [SEP]',
     'score': 0.1194809079170227, 
     'token': 1298, 
     'token_str': '南'},
    {'sequence': '[CLS] 中 国 的 首 都 是 东 京 。 [SEP]', 
     'score': 0.0037803512532263994, 
     'token': 691, 
     'token_str': '东'},
    {'sequence': '[CLS] 中 国 的 首 都 是 普 京 。 [SEP]',
     'score': 0.0017127094324678183, 
     'token': 3249,
     'token_str': '普'},
    {'sequence': '[CLS] 中 国 的 首 都 是 望 京 。 [SEP]',
     'score': 0.001687526935711503,
     'token': 3307, 
     'token_str': '望'}
]

Here is how to use this model to get the features of a given text in PyTorch:

from transformers import BertTokenizer, BertModel
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('uer/chinese_roberta_L-8_H-512')
model = BertModel.from_pretrained("uer/chinese_roberta_L-8_H-512")
text = "用你喜欢的任何文本替换我。"
encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt')
output = model(**encoded_input)

and in TensorFlow:

from transformers import BertTokenizer, TFBertModel
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('uer/chinese_roberta_L-8_H-512')
model = TFBertModel.from_pretrained("uer/chinese_roberta_L-8_H-512")
text = "用你喜欢的任何文本替换我。"
encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='tf')
output = model(encoded_input)

Training data

CLUECorpusSmall is used as training data. We found that models pre-trained on CLUECorpusSmall outperform those pre-trained on CLUECorpus2020, although CLUECorpus2020 is much larger than CLUECorpusSmall.

Training procedure

Models are pre-trained by UER-py on Tencent Cloud. We pre-train 1,000,000 steps with a sequence length of 128 and then pre-train 250,000 additional steps with a sequence length of 512. We use the same hyper-parameters on different model sizes.

Taking the case of RoBERTa-Medium

Stage1:

python3 preprocess.py --corpus_path corpora/cluecorpussmall.txt \
                      --vocab_path models/google_zh_vocab.txt \
                      --dataset_path cluecorpussmall_seq128_dataset.pt \
                      --processes_num 32 --seq_length 128 \
                      --dynamic_masking --data_processor mlm

python3 pretrain.py --dataset_path cluecorpussmall_seq128_dataset.pt \
                    --vocab_path models/google_zh_vocab.txt \
                    --config_path models/bert/medium_config.json \
                    --output_model_path models/cluecorpussmall_roberta_medium_seq128_model.bin \
                    --world_size 8 --gpu_ranks 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \
                    --total_steps 1000000 --save_checkpoint_steps 100000 --report_steps 50000 \
                    --learning_rate 1e-4 --batch_size 64 \
                    --data_processor mlm --target mlm

Stage2:

python3 preprocess.py --corpus_path corpora/cluecorpussmall.txt \
                      --vocab_path models/google_zh_vocab.txt \
                      --dataset_path cluecorpussmall_seq512_dataset.pt \
                      --processes_num 32 --seq_length 512 \
                      --dynamic_masking --data_processor mlm

python3 pretrain.py --dataset_path cluecorpussmall_seq512_dataset.pt \
                    --vocab_path models/google_zh_vocab.txt \
                    --pretrained_model_path models/cluecorpussmall_roberta_medium_seq128_model.bin-1000000 \
                    --config_path models/bert/medium_config.json \
                    --output_model_path models/cluecorpussmall_roberta_medium_seq512_model.bin \
                    --world_size 8 --gpu_ranks 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \
                    --total_steps 250000 --save_checkpoint_steps 50000 --report_steps 10000 \
                    --learning_rate 5e-5 --batch_size 16 \
                    --data_processor mlm --target mlm

Finally, we convert the pre-trained model into Huggingface's format:

python3 scripts/convert_bert_from_uer_to_huggingface.py --input_model_path models/cluecorpussmall_roberta_medium_seq512_model.bin-250000 \                                                        
                                                        --output_model_path pytorch_model.bin \
                                                        --layers_num 8 --type mlm

BibTeX entry and citation info

@article{devlin2018bert,
  title={Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding},
  author={Devlin, Jacob and Chang, Ming-Wei and Lee, Kenton and Toutanova, Kristina},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805},
  year={2018}
}

@article{liu2019roberta,
  title={Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach},
  author={Liu, Yinhan and Ott, Myle and Goyal, Naman and Du, Jingfei and Joshi, Mandar and Chen, Danqi and Levy, Omer and Lewis, Mike and Zettlemoyer, Luke and Stoyanov, Veselin},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.11692},
  year={2019}
}

@article{turc2019,
  title={Well-Read Students Learn Better: On the Importance of Pre-training Compact Models},
  author={Turc, Iulia and Chang, Ming-Wei and Lee, Kenton and Toutanova, Kristina},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.08962v2 },
  year={2019}
}

@article{zhao2019uer,
  title={UER: An Open-Source Toolkit for Pre-training Models},
  author={Zhao, Zhe and Chen, Hui and Zhang, Jinbin and Zhao, Xin and Liu, Tao and Lu, Wei and Chen, Xi and Deng, Haotang and Ju, Qi and Du, Xiaoyong},
  journal={EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019},
  pages={241},
  year={2019}
}

@article{zhao2023tencentpretrain,
  title={TencentPretrain: A Scalable and Flexible Toolkit for Pre-training Models of Different Modalities},
  author={Zhao, Zhe and Li, Yudong and Hou, Cheng and Zhao, Jing and others},
  journal={ACL 2023},
  pages={217},
  year={2023}
}