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The_Spy_Who_Came_in_from_the_Cold_(film) | The Spy Who Came in from the Cold is a 1965 British Cold War spy film directed by Martin Ritt and starring Richard Burton , Claire Bloom , and Oskar Werner . Based on the 1963 John le Carré novel of the same name , the film depicts a British agent being sent to East Germany as a faux defector to sow disinformation about a powerful East German intelligence officer . With the aid of his unwitting English girlfriend , an idealistic communist , he allows himself to be recruited by the East Germans , but soon his charade unravels and he admits to still being a British agent -- a revelation that achieves the ultimate objective of the mission . The screenplay was written by Paul Dehn and Guy Trosper . The Spy Who Came in from the Cold did well at the box office , received positive reviews , and received several awards , including four BAFTA Awards for Best Film , Best Actor , Best Cinematography , and Best Art Direction . For his performance , Richard Burton also received the David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actor , the Golden Laurel Award , and an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor in a Leading Role . The film was named one of the top ten films of 1966 by the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures . |
The_Mind_of_Gil_Scott-Heron | The Mind of Gil Scott-Heron ( subtitled A Collection of Poetry and Music ) is a 1978 album by spoken word and rap pioneer Gil Scott-Heron . Like many of Scott-Heron 's albums , the album 's content primarily addresses political and social issues ; however , The Mind of Gil Scott-Heron relies far more on his spoken word delivery than his other albums . Whereas much of the artist 's earlier albums contained backup jazz-funk music from Brian Jackson , many of these tracks , which address contemporary issues such as Watergate , the pardon of Richard Nixon and the Attica Prison riot , are either live recordings or studio-recorded songs with little more than sparse drum backing or occasional instrumentation . Many of the tracks featured were included on previous GSH albums . Due to the length of some of the pieces - The Ghetto Code ( Dot Dot Dit Dit Dot Dot Dash ) is nearly 13 minutes long , and four other songs are longer than 7 minutes - the album consists of only seven songs . One of the distinctive characteristics of Heron 's poetry on this album is his use of chemical formulas to refer to certain people and events . For example , he refers to Barry Goldwater as `` Barry AuH2O '' and Watergate as `` H2OGaTe '' . The original vinyl release of The Mind of Gil Scott-Heron contained a 24-page booklet featuring transcriptions of 22 GSH compositions . The CD release also features a different cover than the original vinyl release . |
The_Twelve_Caesars | De vita Caesarum ( Latin ; literal translation : About the Life of the Caesars ) , commonly known as The Twelve Caesars , is a set of twelve biographies of Julius Caesar and the first 11 emperors of the Roman Empire written by Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus . The work , written in AD 121 during the reign of the emperor Hadrian , was the most popular work of Suetonius , at that time Hadrian 's personal secretary , and is the largest among his surviving writings . It was dedicated to a friend , the Praetorian prefect Gaius Septicius Clarus . The Twelve Caesars is considered very significant in antiquity and remains a primary source on Roman history . The book discusses the significant and critical period of the Principate from the end of the Republic to the reign of Domitian ; comparisons are often made with Tacitus whose surviving works document a similar period . |
The_Finest_Hours_(2016_film) | The Finest Hours is a 2016 American historical drama-thriller film directed by Craig Gillespie and produced by Walt Disney Pictures . The screenplay , written by Eric Johnson , Scott Silver , and Paul Tamasy , is based on The Finest Hours : The True Story of the U.S. Coast Guard 's Most Daring Sea Rescue by Michael J. Tougias and Casey Sherman . The film stars Chris Pine , Casey Affleck , Ben Foster , Holliday Grainger , John Ortiz , and Eric Bana , and chronicles the historic 1952 United States Coast Guard rescue of the crew of the SS Pendleton , after the ship split apart during a nor'easter off the New England coast . The Finest Hours was released in the Disney Digital 3-D , RealD 3D , and IMAX 3D formats on January 29 , 2016 . The film received generally mixed to positive reviews but was a major box office failure , grossing only $ 52.1 million on an $ 80 million budget . |
The_Gift_(Master_P_album) | The Gift is the thirteenth studio album by American rapper Master P . The album was released on December 6 , 2013 , by No Limit Forever and XLP Distribution . It became his first release in 8 years . The album features guest appearances from Howie T , AD , Alley Boy , Rick Ross , Silkk the Shocker , Cymphonique , Romeo , Jeremih , Yo Gotti , Krazy , Deezle , Play Beezy , Gangsta , Miss Chee , Larayne , T-Bo , The Game and Nipsey Hussle . The album was supported with the official singles `` Two Three '' and `` Lonely Road '' . |
Thegn | The term thegn ( thane or thayn in Shakespearean English ) , from Old English þegn , ðegn , `` servant , attendant , retainer '' , `` one who serves '' , is commonly used to describe either an aristocratic retainer of a king or nobleman in Anglo-Saxon England , or , as a class term , the majority of the aristocracy below the ranks of ealdormen and high-reeves . It is also the term for an early medieval Scandinavian class of retainers . |
The_Do-Over | The Do-Over is a 2016 American action comedy film directed by Steven Brill , and written by Kevin Barnett and Chris Pappas . It stars Adam Sandler and David Spade . The film is the second in a four-film deal between Sandler and Netflix . The film was released worldwide on Netflix on May 27 , 2016 . The film follows Charlie ( David Spade ) and Max ( Adam Sandler ) after the latter fakes their deaths in order to start their lives anew . Things go awry , however , when they discover that the dead men whose identities they have adopted were entangled in criminal activities . |
The_Elephant_Man_(film) | The Elephant Man is a 1980 American historical drama film about Joseph Merrick ( whom the script calls John Merrick ) , a severely deformed man in late 19th century London . The film was directed by David Lynch and stars John Hurt , Anthony Hopkins , Anne Bancroft , John Gielgud , Wendy Hiller , Michael Elphick , Hannah Gordon and Freddie Jones . It was produced by Jonathan Sanger and Mel Brooks , the latter of whom was intentionally left uncredited to avoid confusion from audiences who possibly would have expected a comedy . The screenplay was adapted by Lynch , Christopher De Vore and Eric Bergren from Frederick Treves 's The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences ( 1923 ) and Ashley Montagu 's The Elephant Man : A Study in Human Dignity ( 1971 ) . It was shot in black-and-white and featured make-up work by Christopher Tucker . The Elephant Man was a critical and commercial success with eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Actor . After receiving widespread criticism for failing to honor the film 's make-up effects , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was prompted to create the Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling the following year . The film also won the BAFTA Awards for Best Film , Best Actor and Best Production Design and was nominated for Golden Globe awards . It also won a French César Award for Best Foreign Film . |
The_Last_Emperor | The Last Emperor ( L'ultimo imperatore ) is a 1987 British-Italian epic biographical film about the life of Puyi , the last Emperor of China , whose autobiography was the basis for the screenplay written by Mark Peploe and Bernardo Bertolucci . Independently produced by Jeremy Thomas , it was directed by Bertolucci and released in 1987 by Columbia Pictures . Puyi 's life is depicted from his ascent to the throne as a small boy to his imprisonment and political rehabilitation by the Communist Party of China . The film stars John Lone as Puyi , with Joan Chen , Peter O'Toole , Ruocheng Ying , Victor Wong , Dennis Dun , Ryuichi Sakamoto , Maggie Han , Ric Young , Vivian Wu , and Chen Kaige . It was the first occidental feature film for which the producers were authorized by the People 's Republic of China to film in the Forbidden City in Beijing . It won nine Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director . |
The_Night_of_the_Doctor | `` The Night of the Doctor '' is a mini-episode of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who . It was made available on BBC iPlayer and YouTube on 14 November 2013 , as part of the BBC One lead-up to the show 's 50th anniversary special . It was written by Steven Moffat and starred Paul McGann as the Doctor . The episode is set during the Time War and shows the previously unseen last moments of the Eighth Doctor ( McGann ) , and his artificially controlled regeneration into the War Doctor ( John Hurt ) . It is McGann 's second onscreen appearance as the Doctor , following his debut in the 1996 TV movie . |
The_Sontaran_Stratagem | `` The Sontaran Stratagem '' is the fourth episode of the fourth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , which depicts the adventures of a time-travelling humanoid alien known as the Doctor . The episode was broadcast on BBC One on 26 April 2008 . The episode and its sequel , `` The Poison Sky '' , were written by Helen Raynor , who previously wrote the linked episodes `` Daleks in Manhattan '' and `` Evolution of the Daleks '' in the third series . `` The Sontaran Stratagem '' features the first appearance of the alien Sontarans to the series since the 1985 Colin Baker story The Two Doctors , as well as former companion Martha Jones ( Freema Agyeman ) , last seen in `` Last of the Time Lords '' . The episode takes place on present-day Earth , where Martha and UNIT summon the Doctor ( David Tennant ) for assistance concerning ATMOS ( Atmospheric Omission System ) , a revolutionary piece of green technology installed in 400 million cars worldwide . ATMOS is later revealed to be part of a Sontaran plot to poison the atmosphere . Show runner Russell T Davies had considered making the Sontarans return since the revival of the series and wanted to show changes in Martha 's personality after her departure . The episode was viewed by 7.06 million viewers after its original broadcast , with an Appreciation Index of `` 87 '' . Critics gave generally positive reviews , praising the return of the Sontarans , Christopher Ryan 's portrayal as Staal , and Raynor 's writing ; some stated Raynor improved from her previous episodes . |
The_Vampire_Diaries | The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec , based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith . The series premiered on The CW on September 10 , 2009 and concluded on March 10 , 2017 , airing 171 episodes over eight seasons . The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006 . The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers . It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by Arrow . The show has received numerous award nominations , winning four People 's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards . On April 26 , 2013 , The CW officially announced that the spin-off The Originals , which focuses on the Original family of vampires , had been ordered to series , and the show began airing during the 2013 -- 14 American television season . On April 6 , 2015 , lead actress Nina Dobrev confirmed via Instagram that she and co-star Michael Trevino ( who plays Tyler Lockwood ) would be leaving the show after its sixth season . Dobrev returned to record a voiceover for the seventh-season finale . Trevino appeared as a guest star in season seven and returned for season 8 . On March 11 , 2016 , The CW renewed the series for an eighth season , but on July 23 , 2016 , announced that the eighth season , which would have 16 episodes , would be the show 's last . The final season began airing on October 21 , 2016 . |
Touchstone_(metaphor) | As a metaphor , a touchstone refers to any physical or intellectual measure by which the validity or merit of a concept can be tested . It is similar in use to an acid test , litmus test in politics , or , from a negative perspective , a shibboleth where the criterion is considered by some to be out-of-date . The word was introduced into literary criticism by Matthew Arnold in `` the Study of Poetry '' ( 1880 ) to denote short but distinctive passages , selected from the writings of the greatest poets , which he used to determine the relative value of passages or poems which are compared to them . Arnold proposed this method of evaluation as a corrective for what he called the `` fallacious '' estimates of poems according to their `` historic '' importance in the development of literature , or else according to their `` personal '' appeal to an individual critic . |
Truth_serum | `` Truth serum '' is a colloquial name for any of a range of psychoactive drugs used in an effort to obtain information from subjects who are unable or unwilling to provide it otherwise . These include ethanol , scopolamine , 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate , midazolam , flunitrazepam , sodium thiopental , and amobarbital , among others . Although a variety of such substances have been tested , serious issues have been raised about their use scientifically , ethically and legally . There is currently no drug proven to cause consistent or predictable enhancement of truth-telling . Subjects questioned under the influence of such substances have been found to be suggestible and their memories subject to reconstruction and fabrication . When such drugs have been used in the course of investigating civil and criminal cases , they have not been accepted by Western legal systems and legal experts as genuine investigative tools . It has been suggested that their use is a potential violation of the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution ( the right to remain silent ) . Concerns have also been raised internationally through the European Court of Human Rights arguing that use of a truth serum could be considered a violation of a human right to be free from degrading treatment , or could be considered a form of torture . It has been noted to be a violation of the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture . `` Truth serum '' was abused against psychotic patients as part of old , discredited practices of psychiatry and is no longer used . In a therapeutic context , the controlled administration of intravenous hypnotic medications is called `` narcosynthesis '' or `` narcoanalysis '' . Such application was first documented by Dr. William Bleckwell . Reliability and suggestibility of patients are concerns , and the practice of involuntary chemically induced mental states is now considered widely to be a form of torture . |
Tove_Lo | Ebba Tove Elsa Nilsson ( born 29 October 1987 ) , known professionally as Tove Lo ( -LSB- , toʊvˈloʊ -RSB- , -LSB- ² tuːvɛ ˈluː -RSB- ) , a name she has had since the age of three ( `` lo '' means a lynx ) , is a Swedish singer and songwriter . She was born and raised in the affluent Djursholm district of Danderyd Municipality , just north of Stockholm , where she graduated from musical magnet school Rytmus Musikergymnasiet . She formed the Swedish rock band `` Tremblebee '' in 2006 . Following the disbanding of Tremblebee , she pursued a career in songwriting and earned a publishing deal with Warner/Chappell Music in 2011 . Working with producers Alexander Kronlund , Max Martin , and Xenomania , she became a successful songwriter recording and independently releasing her own compositions . In 2014 , she was signed to Max Martin 's songwriting collective Wolf Cousins and was offered a recording deal . She signed to the American label Island and Polydor Records in the UK . Lo rose to fame with the release of her debut album Queen of the Clouds , which opened at number 14 on the U.S. Billboard 200 in October 2014 . The album spawned the sleeper hit single , `` Habits ( Stay High ) '' , which peaked at number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 . In addition to her solo work , Lo has cowritten a number of songs for other singers , including Hilary Duff 's `` Sparks '' and Ellie Goulding 's `` Love Me like You Do '' , a song that garnered her first Grammy Award nomination for the 58th Grammy Awards . She has collaborated with Coldplay , Flume , Alesso , Nick Jonas , Adam Lambert , Years & Years , Seven Lions , Broods , Lucas Nord , Urban Cone , and Wiz Khalifa . Deemed `` Sweden 's darkest pop export '' by Rolling Stone , Tove Lo is known for her raw , grunge-influenced take on pop music . Her characteristically honest , complex and autobiographical lyrical content has led to her being dubbed `` the saddest girl in Sweden '' by a number of media sources . |
Tony_Award | The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Broadway Theatre , more commonly known as Tony Award , recognizes the excellence in live Broadway theatre . The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at an annual ceremony in New York City . The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances , and an award is given for regional theatre . Several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given , including a Special Tony Award , the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre , and the Isabelle Stevenson Award . The awards are named after Antoinette `` Tony '' Perry , co-founder of the American Theatre Wing . The rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document `` Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wing 's Tony Awards '' , which applies for that season only . The Tony Awards are considered the highest U.S. theatre honor , the New York theatre industry 's equivalent to the Academy Awards ( Oscars ) for motion pictures , the Grammy Awards for music , and the Emmy Awards for television . It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT , that is someone who has won all four awards . The Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France . From 1997 to 2010 , the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television , except in 1999 , when it was held at the Gershwin Theatre . In 2011 and 2012 , the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre . From 2013 to 2015 , the 67th , 68th , and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall . The 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12 , 2016 at the Beacon Theatre . The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11 , 2017 , at Radio City Music Hall with Kevin Spacey as host . |
Treaty_of_Tours | The Treaty of Tours was an agreement between Henry VI of England and the Charles VII of France , signed on 22 May 1444 . The terms stipulated the marriage of Charles VII 's fifteen-year-old niece , Margaret of Anjou , to Henry VI and the agreement of a 21-month truce between the Kingdoms of England and France . In exchange for the marriage , Charles wanted the area of Maine in northern France . Henry VI married Margaret a year later , in April 1445 , when Henry VI was 23 years old . He did not , however , give up Maine . Charles threatened Henry VI and sent envoys to pressure him ; even Margaret tried to persuade Henry to give it up . Henry eventually yielded in 1448 when Charles VII threatened English garrisons with a large army . The Treaty was seen as a major failure for England as the bride secured for Henry VI was a poor match , being related to King Charles VII only distantly , and through marriage rather than by blood . Her marriage came also without a dowry , when the amount that should have been given was 20,000 livres . Margaret of Anjou was the daughter of the impoverished René of Anjou and in addition to being presented with Margaret without a dowry , Henry was also expected to pay for the wedding . The Treaty of Tours exacerbated rifts between the court 's Beaufort faction and the Dukes of Gloucester and York , and has been considered a potentially contributory factor to the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses . |
Triplemanía | Triplemanía is the biggest annual professional show professional wrestling event promoted by the Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide ( AAA ) promotion and is traditionally held in May or June each year , commemorating the anniversary of the foundation of AAA . A majority of the shows have been presented as pay-per-view events , with only a few being shown as Television specials on the Televisa channel . The Triplemanía show features culminations of long building storylines , usually ending at Triplemanía . Some years Triplemanía was not a single show , but a series of shows - either two or three per year , but in recent years it has been a single show . The show has been promoted for 20 years , with 27 shows in total under the Triplemanía banner . The name is a combination of how `` AAA '' is pronounced in Spanish , `` Triple A '' and WrestleMania , WWE 's biggest annual show . The latest event , Triplemanía XXIV , took place on August 28 , 2016 , at the Mexico City Arena in México City , México . |
Tony_Peyton | Charles Anthony `` Tony '' Peyton ( March 3 , 1922 - July 23 , 2007 ) was a member of the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team . In the early 1940s , the Globetrotters played and defeated many of the country 's top professional basketball teams . Tony was born in Elyria , Ohio . He graduated from Scott High School in Toledo , Ohio , where he played basketball , football and ran track and field . At the age of 19 he was asked to join the Harlem Globetrotters , long before the team became known primarily for its comical antics . His basketball success would now be considered unusual in that he was only six feet in stature . Tony also played briefly for the Chicago Studebaker Flyers later known as Chicago Studebaker Champions , a former professional team in the National Basketball League . As a part of the Studebaker Champions , He was a member of the first professional basketball team that included both black and white players . He retired from basketball in 1956 . After his basketball career , Tony worked for twenty-eight years in the beverage industry . In 1988 , Peyton moved to Lubbock , Texas , where he was active in youth basketball . He was a High Priest The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . In 2001 , he moved to Midland , Texas , where he died at the age of eighty-six . Tony was married three times . The former Trellie Mae Hutchinson bore him two children , Leonard Peyton of San Antonio , Texas and Marilyn Dale of Toledo . Marlowe Ann Goins him with a daughter , Antia Peyton of Florida . His last marriage to the former Neville Diane Cyrus , produced two sons , Tyler Anthony Peyton and Terrance Anthony Peyton , both of Midland Texas . There were also nine grandchildren , sixteen great-grandchildren , and five great-great-grandchildren . A memorial service was held on July 28 , 2007 , at an LDS meetinghouse in Midland . |
Treaty_of_Versailles_(1787) | The Versailles Treaty of 1787 ( French : Traité de Versailles de 1787 ) was a treaty of alliance signed between the French king Louis XVI and the Vietnamese Prince Nguyễn Ánh , the future Emperor Gia Long . Nguyễn Ánh , whose family , the Nguyễn family , had been decimated by the Tây Sơn rebellion when he was 16 or 17 , received the protection and aid of the French Catholic priest Pigneau de Béhaine , titular bishop of Adran . In order to obtain support for Nguyễn Ánh 's cause , Pigneau de Béhaine went to France in 1787 as the `` special envoy of the king of Nam Ha '' , accompanied by Nguyễn Ánh 's older son , Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh , who was then seven years old , as a token of Pigneau 's authority to negotiate in the name of Nguyễn Ánh . The 1787 Treaty of Versailles was signed on November 21 , 1787 , by Montmorin , Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Navy , and Pigneau de Béhaine , as the representative of Nguyễn Ánh . In return for the treaty , Nguyễn Ánh promised to cede Pulo-Condore to the French and to give a concession to the French in Tourane ( modern Da Nang ) , as well exclusive trading rights . Louis XVI promised to help Nguyễn Ánh to regain the throne , by supplying 1,650 troops ( 1,200 Kaffir troops , 200 artillery men and 250 black soldiers ) on four frigates . That treaty marks the beginning of French influence in Indochina , but the Governor of Pondicherry , Count de Conway , who was given authority to decide on the actual implementation of the Treaty , refused to follow through with it , leaving Pigneau de Béhaine to his own means . In spite of these inconveniences , between 1789 and 1799 a French force mustered by Pigneau de Béhaine managed to support Gia Long in acquiring sway over the whole of Vietnam . The French trained Vietnamese troops , established a navy , and built fortifications in the Vauban style , such as the Citadel of Saigon . Several of these French adventurers would remain in high positions in the government of Gia Long such as Philippe Vannier , Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau , de Forsans and the doctor Despiau . |
Torchwood | Torchwood ( -LSB- ` tawrch , wUd -RSB- ) is a British science fiction television programme created by Russell T Davies . A spin-off from the 2005 revival of long-running science fiction programme Doctor Who , Torchwood aired four series between 2006 and 2011 . The show shifted its broadcast channel each series to reflect its growing audience , moving from BBC Three to BBC Two to BBC One , and acquiring US financing in its fourth series when it became a co-production of BBC One and Starz . In contrast to Doctor Who , whose target audience includes both adults and children , Torchwood is aimed at an older audience . Over its run , the show explored a number of themes ; prominent among these were existentialism , homosexual and bisexual relationships , and explorations of human corruptibility . Torchwood follows the exploits of a small team of alien hunters , who make up the Cardiff-based , fictional Torchwood Institute , which deals mainly with incidents involving extraterrestrials . Its central character is Captain Jack Harkness ( John Barrowman ) , an immortal former con-man from the distant future ; Jack originally appeared in the 2005 series of Doctor Who . Other than Barrowman , the initial main cast of the series consisted of Eve Myles , Burn Gorman , Naoko Mori , and Gareth David-Lloyd . Their characters are specialists for the Torchwood team , often tracking down aliens and defending the planet from alien and nefarious human threats . In its first two series , the show uses a time rift in Cardiff as its primary plot generator , accounting for the unusual preponderance of alien beings in Cardiff . In the third and fourth series , Torchwood operate as fugitives . Gorman and Mori 's characters were written out of the story at the end of the second series . Recurring actor Kai Owen was promoted to the main cast in series three , in which David-Lloyd too was written out . Subsequently , American actors Mekhi Phifer , Alexa Havins , and Bill Pullman joined the cast of the show for its fourth series . The first series premiered on BBC Three and on BBC HD in 2006 to mixed reviews , but viewing figures which broke records for the digital channel . It returned in 2008 where it aired first on BBC Two , receiving a higher budget ; its uneven tone , a criticism of the first series , was largely smoothed out , and the show attracted higher ratings and better reviews . The third series episodes worked on a higher budget and transferred to the network 's flagship channel , BBC One , as a five-episode serial , entitled Torchwood : Children of Earth . Although Children of Earth was broadcast over a period of five consecutive summer weeknights , the show received high ratings in the United Kingdom and overseas . A fourth series , co-produced by BBC Wales , BBC Worldwide , and US premium entertainment network Starz aired in 2011 under the title Torchwood : Miracle Day . Set both in Wales and the United States , Miracle Day fared less well with critics than the previous series , though was applauded by some for its ambition . In October 2012 , Davies announced that for personal reasons the show would enter indefinite hiatus . All four series have been broadcast in Asia , Australia , New Zealand , Europe , and North America . Owing to the early popularity of Torchwood , various tie-in media were produced , including audio dramas , novels and comic strips . From its inception , the BBC invested in a heavy online presence for the series , with an alternate reality game running alongside the show 's first two series , and an animated Web series running alongside its fourth . The BBC continued to approve and commission licensed spin-offs after the show 's conclusion , including a 2015 audio series from Big Finish Productions . |
Toilet_paper | Toilet paper is a tissue paper product used by people primarily for the ablution of the anus and surrounding area of fecal material after defecation and by human females for cleaning the perineal area of urine after urination and other bodily fluid releases . It also acts as a layer of protection for the hands during these processes . It is sold as a long strip of perforated paper wrapped around a paperboard core for storage in a dispenser near a toilet . Most modern toilet paper in the developed world is designed to decompose in septic tanks , whereas some other bathroom and facial tissues are not . Toilet paper comes in various plies or layers of thickness , from one-ply all the way up to six-ply , meaning that it is either a single sheet or multiple sheets placed back-to-back to make it thicker , stronger and more absorbent . The use of paper for hygiene purposes has been recorded in China in the 6th century AD , with specifically manufactured toilet paper being mass-produced in the 14th century . Modern commercial toilet paper originated in the 19th century , with a patent for roll-based dispensers being made in 1883 . |
Toni_Collette | Toni Collett ( born 1 November 1972 ) , known as Toni Collette , is an Australian actress and musician , known for her acting work on stage , television , and film as well as a secondary career as the lead singer of the band Toni Collette & the Finish . She received six AACTA Awards , one Emmy Award and one Golden Globe Award , and has been nominated twice for a BAFTA Award and once for both an Academy Award and a Tony Award . Collette 's acting career began in the early 1990s with comedic roles in films such as Spotswood ( 1992 ) and Muriel 's Wedding ( 1994 ) , for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress . She achieved international recognition as a result of her Academy Award-nominated portrayal of Lynn Sear in The Sixth Sense ( 1999 ) and a year later made her Tony Award-nominated Broadway debut with the leading role in the musical The Wild Party . In the 2000s , she was noted for her roles in independent features including About a Boy ( 2002 ) , for which she won several critics ' awards and was nominated for a BAFTA Award , and Little Miss Sunshine ( 2006 ) , which earned her a Screen Actors Guild Award as well as her second Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations . Her other film roles include Emma ( 1996 ) , Clockwatchers ( 1997 ) , Velvet Goldmine ( 1998 ) , Hotel Splendide ( 2000 ) , Changing Lanes ( 2002 ) , The Hours ( 2002 ) , Connie and Carla ( 2004 ) , The Night Listener ( 2006 ) , Evening ( 2007 ) , The Black Balloon ( 2008 ) , Jesus Henry Christ ( 2011 ) , Hitchcock ( 2012 ) , The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) , A Long Way Down ( 2014 ) , Miss You Already ( 2015 ) , Imperium ( 2016 ) and xXx : Return of Xander Cage ( 2017 ) . From 2009 to 2011 , she played the lead role in the critically acclaimed television series United States of Tara , for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series . Collette returned to Broadway in Will Eno 's The Realistic Joneses , for which she earned a Drama Desk Special Award . |
Tughril | Tughril ( ; full name : Rukn al-Dunya wa al-Din Abu Talib Muhammad Toghrul-Beg ibn Mikail ) also spelled Toghrul I , Tugril , Toghril , Tugrul or Toghrïl Beg ; ( 990 -- September 4 , 1063 ) was the Turkic founder of the Seljuk Empire , ruling from 1037 to 1063 . Tughril united the Turkic warriors of the Great Eurasian Steppes into a confederacy of tribes , who traced their ancestry to a single ancestor named Seljuq , and led them in conquest of eastern Iran . He would later establish the Seljuq Sultanate after conquering Persia and retaking the Abbasid capital of Baghdad from the Buyid dynasty in 1055 . Tughril relegated the Abbasid Caliphs to state figureheads and took command of the caliphate 's armies in military offensives against the Byzantine Empire and the Fatimid Caliphate in an effort to expand his empire 's borders and unite the Islamic world . |
Touch_My_Body | `` Touch My Body '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey , taken from her eleventh studio album , E = MC ² ( 2008 ) . Carey co-produced the song with Christopher `` Tricky '' Stewart , and they co-wrote it with Crystal `` Cri $ tyle '' Johnson , and Terius `` The Dream '' Nash . `` Touch My Body '' was released as the album 's lead single on February 12 , 2008 . The song 's lyrics feature a double message , with the first describing sexual fantasies with her lover , while also jokingly warning him against recording or releasing information regarding their rendezvous . The song received generally positive reviews from music critics , with many highlighting the song 's light pop melody and hook ; however , it also garnered some backlash from certain music reviewers , who felt the song did not properly represent the singer 's acclaimed 5-octave vocal range . `` Touch My Body '' became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making Carey the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . Throughout Europe , the song also achieved high charting , peaking within the top five on the charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland , and the United Kingdom . Carey performed `` Touch My Body '' on several live televised events and programs , debuting it on Saturday Night Live as a two-piece performance . Similarly , Carey opened the Good Morning America `` Summer Concert Series '' on April 25 , 2008 , singing the song , as well as two other singles from E = MC ² . Similar renditions took place at the season premiere party of The Hills , as well as a mash-up of the song with `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' at the Teen Choice Awards . Aside from reprising performances of the British programs The Sunday Night Project and The Paul O'Grady Show , and German talent show Deutschland sucht den Superstar , the song was included on the set-list of Carey 's North American Angels Advocate Tour , held throughout 2009 and 2010 . The song 's music video was directed by filmmaker Brett Ratner , who had previously worked with Carey on five other music videos . It follows around a story revolving around a computer employee 's fantasy as he visits Carey 's home . As he fixes her computer , he enters a fantasy in which the pair perform several activities together , including pillow fights , laser tag , Guitar Hero , slot cars , and frisbee throwing , all while Carey shows off her figure in several revealing outfits . The music video won in the category of `` Best Comedic Video '' at the 2008 BET Awards , and won the `` MTV Video Vanguard Award '' at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards Japan . Additionally , the video was nominated for `` Best Female Video '' at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards . |
Toronto_Raptors | The Toronto Raptors are a Canadian professional basketball team based in Toronto , Ontario . The Raptors compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member club of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . The team was established in 1995 , along with the Vancouver Grizzlies , as part of the NBA 's expansion into Canada . When the Grizzlies relocated to Memphis , Tennessee to become the Memphis Grizzlies in 2001 , the Raptors became the only Canadian-based team in the NBA . They originally played their home games at SkyDome , before moving eastward along Bremner Boulevard to the Air Canada Centre in 1999 . Like most expansion teams , the Raptors struggled in their early years , but after the acquisition of Vince Carter through a draft day trade in 1998 , the team set league-attendance records and made the NBA playoffs in 2000 , 2001 , and 2002 . Carter was instrumental in leading the team to a then-franchise high 47 wins and their first playoff series win in 2001 , where they advanced to the Eastern Conference semifinals . During the 2002 -- 03 and 2003 -- 04 seasons , they failed to make significant progress , and Carter was traded in 2004 to the New Jersey Nets . After Carter left , Chris Bosh emerged as the team leader . In 2006 -- 07 , Bryan Colangelo 's first full season as President and General Manager , a combination of Bosh , 2006 first overall NBA draft pick Andrea Bargnani and a revamp of the roster helped the Raptors qualify for their first playoff berth in five years , capturing the Atlantic Division title with 47 wins . In the 2007 -- 08 season , they advanced to the playoffs again , but failed to make the playoffs in each of the next five seasons . In a bid to persuade Bosh to stay , Colangelo overhauled the team roster for the 2009 -- 10 season , but Bosh signed with the Miami Heat in July 2010 , ushering in yet another era of rebuilding for the Raptors . After Masai Ujiri was brought in as the new General Manager in 2013 , he traded Bargnani to the New York Knicks . With a backcourt led by Kyle Lowry and DeMar DeRozan , the Raptors returned to the playoffs , won their second Atlantic Division title , and won a then-franchise record 48 games in the 2013 -- 14 season . However , they failed for a fourth consecutive time to advance beyond the first round of the playoffs . In the 2014 -- 15 season , they won a then-franchise record 49 games , but failed for a second consecutive year to advance past the first round of the playoffs , getting swept by the Washington Wizards , 4 -- 0 . In the 2015 -- 16 season , they won a franchise record 56 games , finishing in second place in the conference for the first time in franchise history . In the playoffs , they won their first playoff series since 2001 by defeating both the Indiana Pacers and Miami Heat , advancing to the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time against the Cleveland Cavaliers , only for the Raptors to lose to the eventual NBA champions in six games . In the 2016 -- 17 season , the Raptors make the playoffs again , this time defeating the Milwaukee Bucks in the first round , but losing to the defending champions in the second round . |
Tretyakov_Gallery | The State Tretyakov Gallery ( Государственная Третьяковская Галерея , Gosudarstvennaya Tretyâkovskaya Galereya ; abbreviated ГТГ , GTG ) is an art gallery in Moscow , Russia , the foremost depository of Russian fine art in the world . The gallery 's history starts in 1856 when the Moscow merchant Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov acquired works by Russian artists of his day with the aim of creating a collection , which might later grow into a museum of national art . In 1892 , Tretyakov presented his already famous collection of approximately 2,000 works ( 1,362 paintings , 526 drawings , and 9 sculptures ) to the Russian nation . The façade of the gallery building was designed by the painter Viktor Vasnetsov in a peculiar Russian fairy-tale style . It was built in 1902 -- 04 to the south from the Moscow Kremlin . During the 20th century , the gallery expanded to several neighboring buildings , including the 17th-century church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi . The collection contains more than 130,000 exhibits , ranging from Theotokos of Vladimir and Andrei Rublev 's Trinity to the monumental Composition VII by Wassily Kandinsky and the Black Square by Kazimir Malevich . In 1977 the Gallery kept a significant part of the George Costakis collection . In May 2012 , the Tretyakov Art Gallery played host to the prestigious FIDE World Chess Championship between Viswanathan Anand and Boris Gelfand as the organizers felt the event would promote both chess and art at the same time . |
Toghrul | Toghrul , also known as Wang Khan or Ong Khan ( Тоорил хан Tooril han or Ван хан Van han ; ; died 1203 ) was a khan of the Keraites . He was the anda ( blood brother ) of the Mongol chief Yesugei and served as an important early patron and ally to Yesugei 's son Temüjin , later known as Genghis Khan . `` Wang Khan '' was the name given to Toghrul by the Jurchen Jin Dynasty of China . When Temüjin attacked Jamukha for the title of khan , Toghrul , fearing Temüjin 's growing power , plotted with Jamukha to have Temüjin assassinated . Toghrul was killed in 1203 by Naiman soldiers who failed to recognize him as the former was fleeing from a defeat by Genghis Khan . Genghis married his son Tolui to one of Toghrul 's nieces , the Nestorian Christian Sorghaghtani Bekhi . Tolui and Sorghaghtani Bekhi became the parents of Möngke Khan and Kublai Khan . During the 13th century , Toghrul was one of several Asian or African leaders who was identified with the legend of Prester John . |
Tianxia | Tianxia ( tiānxià / tien-hsia ; ) is a Chinese word and an ancient Chinese cultural concept that denoted either the entire geographical world or the metaphysical realm of mortals , and later became associated with political sovereignty . In ancient China , tianxia denoted the lands , space , and area divinely appointed to the Emperor by universal and well-defined principles of order . The center of this land was directly apportioned to the Imperial court , forming the center of a world view that centered on the Imperial court and went concentrically outward to major and minor officials and then the common citizens , tributary states , and finally ending with the fringe `` barbarians '' . The center of this world view was not exclusionary in nature , and outer groups , such as ethnic minorities and foreign people , who accepted the mandate of the Chinese Emperor were themselves received and included into the Chinese tianxia . In classical Chinese political thought , the `` Son of Heaven '' ( Emperor of China ) , having received the Mandate of Heaven , would nominally be the ruler of the entire world . Although in practice there would be areas of the known world which were not under the control of the Emperor , in Chinese political theory the rulers of those areas derived their power from the Emperor . The larger concept of tianxia is closely associated with civilization and order in classical Chinese philosophy , and has formed the basis for the world view of the Chinese people and nations influenced by them since at least the first millennium BC . Tianxia has been independently applied by other countries in the East Asian cultural sphere , including Japan , Korea , and Vietnam . |
Trey_Parker | Randolph Severn `` Trey '' Parker III ( born October 19 , 1969 ) is an American actor , animator , writer , director , producer , singer , and songwriter . He is known for co-creating South Park ( 1997 -- present ) along with his creative partner Matt Stone , as well as co-writing and co-directing the Tony Award-winning musical The Book of Mormon ( 2011 ) . Parker was interested in film and music as a child , and attended the University of Colorado , Boulder following high school , where he met Stone . The two collaborated on various short films , and starred in a feature-length musical , titled Cannibal ! The Musical ( 1993 ) . Parker and Stone moved to Los Angeles and wrote their second film , Orgazmo ( 1997 ) . Before the premiere of the film , South Park premiered on Comedy Central in August 1997 . The duo , who possess full creative control of the show , have since produced music and video games based on the show , which continues to run . They worked on a feature film titled South Park : Bigger , Longer & Uncut ( 1999 ) , which received critical acclaim by both critics and fans . Alongside Stone , he has also produced various feature films and television series , including Team America : World Police ( 2004 ) . After several years of development , The Book of Mormon , a musical co-written by Parker , Stone , and composer Robert Lopez , premiered on Broadway and became immensely successful . In 2013 , he and Stone established their own production studio , Important Studios . Parker has been the recipient of various awards over the course of his career , including five Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on South Park , as well as four Tony Awards and a Grammy Award for The Book of Mormon . |
Too_Many_Rappers | `` Too Many Rappers '' is a song by American hip hop group the Beastie Boys , released as the second single from their eighth studio album Hot Sauce Committee Part Two . It features fellow American rapper Nas . The song was nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 52nd Grammy Awards . The song was released digitally to iTunes and Amazon , as well as on 12 '' vinyl , on July 21 , 2009 , about two years prior to the release of the album . The version featured on Hot Sauce Committee Part Two is an alternate version , known as the `` New Reactionaries '' version . |
Tourism_in_Rome | Rome today is one of the most important tourist destinations of the world , due to the incalculable immensity of its archaeological and art treasures , as well as for the charm of its unique traditions , the beauty of its panoramic views , and the majesty of its magnificent `` villas '' ( parks ) . Among the most significant resources : plenty of museums - ( Capitoline Museums , the Vatican Museums , Galleria Borghese , and a great many others ) -- aqueducts , fountains , churches , palaces , historical buildings , the monuments and ruins of the Roman Forum , and the Catacombs . Rome is the 3rd most visited city in the EU , after London and Paris , and receives an average of 7-10 million tourists a year , which sometimes doubles on holy years . The Colosseum ( 4 million tourists ) and the Vatican Museums ( 4.2 million tourists ) are the 39th and 37th ( respectively ) most visited places in the world , according to a recent study . In 2005 the city registered 19.5 million of global visitors , up of 22.1 % from 2001 . and also , in 2006 Rome has been visited by 6.03 million of international tourists , reaching the 8th place in the ranking of the world 's 150 most visited cities . The city has also been nominated 2007 's fourth most desirable city to visit in the world , according to lifestyle magazine Travel + Leisure , after Florence , Buenos Aires and Bangkok . Rome is the city with the most monuments in the world . |
Tom_Holland_(director) | Tom Holland ( born July 11 , 1943 ) is an American director , screenwriter and actor . He is best known for directing and writing horror genre movies like Psycho II ( 1983 ) , Fright Night ( 1985 ) , Child 's Play ( 1988 ) , and Thinner ( 1996 ) . |
Tin_foil_hat | A tin foil hat is a hat made from one or more sheets of aluminium foil , or a piece of conventional headgear lined with foil , worn in the belief or hope that it shields the brain from threats such as electromagnetic fields , mind control , and mind reading . The notion of wearing homemade headgear for such protection has become a popular stereotype and byword for paranoia , persecutory delusions , and belief in pseudoscience and conspiracy theories . Foil hats have appeared in the films Signs and Futurama : Into the Wild Green Yonder . Note that `` tin foil '' is a common misnomer for aluminium foil ; packaging metal foil was formerly made out of tin before it was replaced with aluminium . |
Tom_Coburn | Thomas Allen `` Tom '' Coburn ( born March 14 , 1948 ) is an American politician and medical doctor . A member of the Republican Party , he was the junior United States Senator from Oklahoma . Coburn was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994 as part of the Republican Revolution . He upheld his campaign pledge to serve no more than three consecutive terms and did not run for re-election in 2000 . In 2004 , he returned to political life with a successful run for the U.S. Senate . Coburn was re-elected to a second term in 2010 and pledged not to seek a third term in 2016 . In January 2014 , Coburn announced he would retire before the expiration of his final term . He submitted a letter of resignation to Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin , effective at the end of the 113th Congress . Coburn is a fiscal and social conservative , known for his opposition to deficit spending and pork barrel projects and for his opposition to abortion . Described as `` the godfather of the modern conservative , austerity movement '' , he supports term limits , gun rights and the death penalty and opposes same-sex marriage and embryonic stem cell research . Democrats have referred to him as `` Dr. No . '' |
Timeline_of_first_artificial_satellites_by_country | As of November 2015 , over seventy countries have operated artificial satellites . |
Tuesday_Night_Music_Club | Tuesday Night Music Club is the debut solo album from American singer/songwriter Sheryl Crow , released on August 3 , 1993 . The lead single `` Run Baby Run '' was not particularly successful . However , the album gained attention after the success of the third single , `` All I Wan na Do , '' based on the Wyn Cooper poem `` Fun '' and co-written by David Baerwald , Bill Bottrell , Sheryl Crow , and Kevin Gilbert . The single eventually reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 , propelling the album to number three on the US Billboard 200 album charts . It has sold more than 5.3 million copies in the US as of January 2008 . On the UK Album Chart , Tuesday Night Music Club reached # 8 and is certified 2 × platinum . It is listed as one of 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die . |
Tukaram_(film) | Tukaram is a 2012 Marathi biopic on the life of Saint Tukaram , who was a 17th-century Varkari saint , spiritual poet and devotee of Vitthala . The film was directed by Chandrakant Kulkarni whose directorial debut , Bindhast received numerous awards . His other works include films like Bhet and Kay Dyache Bola along with 65 plays and a few TV serials . The film was produced by Sanjay Chhabria under the banner Everest Entertainment . Chhabria has earlier produced films like Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy , Shikshanachya Aaicha Gho and Haapus . The lead title role of Tukaram is played by Jeetendra Joshi . Joshi is known for his works in various films , plays and TV shows . Other actors include Radhika Apte , Sharad Ponkshe , Prateeksha Lonkar and Yatin Karyekar amongst others . The music of the film is composed by Ashok Patki and Avadhoot Gupte . The 1936 Marathi film Sant Tukaram by directors Vishnupant Govind Damle and Sheikh Fattelal under the banner of Prabhat Film Company became the first Indian film to receive an award at the 5th Venice International Film Festival . The film still remains popular and is the subject of frequent studies . This was also the first film to capture the life of Tukaram . The 2012 film that was released after 76 years is the second film in Marathi based on the same subject . The subject was also inspiration for Kannada film Santa Thukarama ( 1963 ) and Telugu film Bhakta Tukaram ( 1973 ) . |
Treaty_of_Versailles | The Treaty of Versailles ( Traité de Versailles ) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end . The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers . It was signed on 28 June 1919 , exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand . The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties . Although the armistice , signed on 11 November 1918 , ended the actual fighting , it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty . The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919 . Of the many provisions in the treaty , one of the most important and controversial required `` Germany -LSB- to -RSB- accept the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage '' during the war ( the other members of the Central Powers signed treaties containing similar articles ) . This article , Article 231 , later became known as the War Guilt clause . The treaty forced Germany to disarm , make substantial territorial concessions , and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers . In 1921 the total cost of these reparations was assessed at 132 billion marks ( then $ 31.4 billion or # 6.6 billion , roughly equivalent to US $ 442 billion or UK # 284 billion in ) . At the time economists , notably John Maynard Keynes , predicted that the treaty was too harsh -- a `` Carthaginian peace '' -- and said the reparations figure was excessive and counter-productive , views that , since then , have been the subject of ongoing debate by historians and economists from several countries . On the other hand , prominent figures on the Allied side such as French Marshal Ferdinand Foch criticized the treaty for treating Germany too leniently . The result of these competing and sometimes conflicting goals among the victors was a compromise that left no one content : Germany was neither pacified nor conciliated , nor was it permanently weakened . The problems that arose from the treaty would lead to the Locarno Treaties , which improved relations between Germany and the other European Powers , and the re-negotiation of the reparation system resulting in the Dawes Plan , the Young Plan , and the indefinite postponement of reparations at the Lausanne Conference of 1932 . Although it is often referred to as the `` Versailles Conference '' , only the actual signing of the treaty took place at the historic palace . Most of the negotiations were in Paris , with the `` Big Four '' meetings taking place generally at the Quai d'Orsay . |
Tom_Hodges_(comics) | Thomas David Hodges ( born April 5 , 1972 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ) is an American artist , who worked on many Star Wars webcomics , as well as Star Wars Insider article `` The Mandalorians : People and Culture '' written by Karen Traviss and notable for featuring visual reference on the first female Mandalorian . He also contributed artwork to the book You Can Draw : Star Wars published by DK Publishing . Hodges also draws other subjects , including Captain America , Lord of the Rings , Rush , and original works . He is married to Terri Fontana-Hodges , for whom he named the character Vhonte Tervho ( the first visual reference of a female Mandolorian ) . They have a son , Logan , for whom he named the character Drake Lo ` gaan . |
Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Gerald_Ford | The presidency of Gerald Ford began on August 9 , 1974 , when Gerald Ford became President of the United States , and ended on January 20 , 1977 , a span of days . Ford , the 38th United States president , succeeded Richard Nixon , who had resigned from office . Prior to this he was the 40th Vice President of the United States , serving from 1973 until President Richard Nixon 's resignation in 1974 . He was the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution , following the resignation of Vice President Spiro Agnew on October 10 , 1973 . Ford has the distinction of being the first , and to date the only person to have served as both vice president and president without being elected to either office . As President , Ford signed the Helsinki Accords , marking a move toward détente in the Cold War . With the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam nine months into his presidency , U.S. involvement in Vietnam essentially ended . He made seven international trips while in office . Domestically , Ford presided over the worst economy in the four decades since the Great Depression , with growing inflation and a recession during his tenure . One of his more controversial acts was to grant a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal . He also faced two assassination attempts . Ford 's presidency , foreign policy was characterized in procedural terms by the increased role Congress began to play , and by the corresponding curb on the powers of the President . Ford ran unsuccessfully for a full four -- year term in the 1976 election . In the 1976 Republican presidential primary campaign he defeated challenger Ronald Reagan to win the Republican nominationin that year 's Republican presidential primaries to win the Republican nomination , but narrowly lost the presidential election to his Democratic opponent , Jimmy Carter . |
Three_from_Prostokvashino | Three from Prostokvashino ( -LSB- Трое из Простоквашино , r = Troye iz Prostokvashino -RSB- ) is a 1978 Soviet animated film based on the children 's book Uncle Fedya , His Dog , and His Cat by Eduard Uspensky . The film has two sequels , Vacations in Prostokvashino ( 1980 ) and Winter in Prostokvashino ( 1984 ) . The main character is a six-year-old boy who is called Uncle Fyodor ( voiced by Maria Vinogradova ) because he is very serious . After his parents do n't let him keep the talking cat Matroskin ( voiced by Oleg Tabakov ) , Uncle Fyodor leaves his home . With the dog Sharik ( voiced by Lev Durov ) , the three set up a home in the country village Prostokvashino ( -LSB- Простоквашино , p = prəstɐˈkvaʂɨnə -RSB- , `` soured milk '' ) . There they have many adventures , some involving the local mailman , Pechkin ( voiced by Boris Novikov ) . The series has been a source of many quotable phrases in post-Soviet countries . It has made an impact comparable to Nu , pogodi ! in Russian culture . |
Times_Square | Times Square is a major commercial intersection , tourist destination , entertainment center and neighborhood in the Midtown Manhattan section of New York City at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue . It stretches from West 42nd to West 47th Streets . Brightly adorned with billboards and advertisements , Times Square is sometimes referred to as `` The Crossroads of the World '' , `` The Center of the Universe '' , `` the heart of The Great White Way '' , and the `` heart of the world '' . One of the world 's busiest pedestrian areas , it is also the hub of the Broadway Theater District and a major center of the world 's entertainment industry . Times Square is one of the world 's most visited tourist attractions , drawing an estimated 50 million visitors annually . Approximately 330,000 people pass through Times Square daily , many of them tourists , while over 460,000 pedestrians walk through Times Square on its busiest days . Formerly known as Longacre Square , Times Square was renamed in 1904 after The New York Times moved its headquarters to the newly erected Times Building -- now One Times Square -- the site of the annual New Year 's Eve ball drop which began on December 31 , 1907 , and continues today , attracting over a million visitors to Times Square every year . Times Square functions as a town square , but is not a square in the geometric sense of a polygon ; it is more of a bowtie shape , with two triangles emanating roughly north and south from 45th Street , where Seventh Avenue intersects Broadway . Broadway runs diagonally , crossing through the horizontal and vertical street grid of Manhattan laid down by the Commissioners ' Plan of 1811 , and that intersection creates the `` bowtie '' shape of Times Square . The southern triangle of Times Square has no specific name , but the northernmost of the two triangles is called Father Duffy Square . It was dedicated in 1937 to Chaplain Francis P. Duffy of New York City 's U.S. 69th Infantry Regiment and is the site of a memorial to him , along with a statue of George M. Cohan , as well as the TKTS reduced-price ticket booth run by the Theatre Development Fund . Since 2008 , the booth has been backed by a red , sloped , triangular set of bleacher-like stairs , which is used by people to sit , talk , eat , and take photographs . |
Trajan_the_Patrician | Trajan the Patrician ( Τραϊανός Πατρίκιος , Traianos Patrikios ; Traianus Patricius ) was a Byzantine historian . According to the 10th-century Suda lexicon , a patrician Trajan flourished under emperor Justinian II ( r. 685 -- 695 , 705 -- 711 ) . Trajan wrote a chronicle , which was `` very admirable '' ( Suda T 901 ) . The Suda describes him as `` a most faithful Christian and most Orthodox '' . The chronicle is commonly believed to have covered the period from the late 7th century ( likely 668 ) to ca. 713 or 720 , and was probably used by Theophanes the Confessor and Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople as a common source for their own chronicles . |
Todor_Zhivkov | Todor Hristov Zhivkov ( Тодор Христов Живков , tr . Todor Hristov Živkov ; -LSB- ˈtɔdɔr ˈxristɔf ˈʒifkɔf -RSB- ; 7 September 1911 -- 5 August 1998 ) , was the Communist leader of the People 's Republic of Bulgaria ( PRB ) from 4 March 1954 until 10 November 1989 . He became First Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party in 1954 - General Secretary from April 1981 - and remained on this position for 35 years , until 1989 , thus becoming the longest-serving leader of any Eastern Bloc nation after the World War II , and one of the longest ruling non-royal leaders in modern history . His rule marked a period of unprecedented political and economic stability for Bulgaria , marked both by complete submission of Bulgaria to Soviet directives and a desire for expanding ties with the West . His rule remained unchallenged until the deterioration of East-West relations in the 1980s , when a stagnating economic situation , a worsening international image and growing careerism and corruption in the BCP weakened his positions . He resigned on 10 November 1989 , under pressure by senior BCP members due to his refusal to recognize problems and deal with public protests . Within a month of Zhivkov 's ouster , Communist rule in Bulgaria had effectively ended , and within nearly a year the People 's Republic of Bulgaria had formally ceased to exist . |
Title_(EP) | Title is the debut EP by American singer and songwriter Meghan Trainor . It was released by Epic Records on September 9 , 2014 . On music provider iTunes , it was later replaced by her 2015 studio album of the same name . The album was produced by Kevin Kadish with all of the music and lyrics written by Trainor and Kadish . Musically , the album has a throwback style sound with its 1950s doo wop-inspired songs straddling the line between modern R&B and melodic pop . Its lyrical composition contemplates 21st century womanhood . Title produced one single , `` All About That Bass '' , released on June 30 , 2014 . It became Trainor 's breakthrough into mainstream success , topping the national charts of 58 countries worldwide and selling over 15 million copies . The EP garnered mixed reviews from contemporary music critics who commended the record 's production and Trainor 's vocal ability , but criticized its lyrical content . The songs `` All About That Bass '' and `` Title '' were the subject of controversy among several critics who accused both songs of anti-feminism . Title debuted at number 15 on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 21,000 units , and peaked at number 17 on the Canadian Albums Chart . Furthermore , it peaked at number 35 on the Danish Albums Chart . Trainor promoted Title with a series of public appearances and televised live performances of `` All About That Bass '' . |
Timewyrm:_Revelation | Timewyrm : Revelation is an original Doctor Who novel , published by Virgin Publishing in their New Adventures range of Doctor Who novels . It features the Seventh Doctor and Ace , as well as cameo appearances by the Doctor 's mental representations of his first , third , fourth and fifth incarnations . This is the first novel to feature a personification of Death , who turns out to be one of the Eternals , and sets the scene for future New Adventures in which the Doctor becomes Time 's Champion . Death has also crossed over into the Big Finish Productions audio dramas ; in Master , the Master is described as Death 's Champion . The novel is also the final part of the Timewyrm quartet . It has been described as the point at which `` the books entered adult terrain '' . |
Totila | Totila , original name Baduila ( died July 1 , 552 ) was the penultimate King of the Ostrogoths , reigning from 541 to 552 AD . A skilled military and political leader , Totila reversed the tide of Gothic War , recovering by 543 almost all the territories in Italy that the Eastern Roman Empire had captured from his Kingdom in 540 . A relative of Theudis , sword-bearer of Theodoric the Great and king of the Visigoths , Totila was elected king by Ostrogothic nobles in the autumn of 541 after King Witigis had been carried off prisoner to Constantinople . Totila proved himself both as a military and political leader , winning the support of the lower classes by liberating slaves and distributing land to the peasants . After a successful defence at Verona , Totila pursued and defeated a numerically superior army at the Battle of Faventia in 542 AD . Building on his victories , Totila followed these victories by defeating the Romans outside Florence and capturing Naples . By 543 , fighting on land and sea , he had reconqured the bulk of the lost territory . Rome held out , and Totila appealed unsuccessfully to the Senate in a letter reminding them of the loyalty of the Romans to his predecessor Theodoric the Great . In the spring of 544 the Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I sent his general Belisarius to Italy to counterattack , but Totila , captured Rome in 546 from Belisarius and depopulated the city after a yearlong siege . When Totila left to fight the Byzantines in Lucania , south of Naples , Belisarius retook Rome and rebuilt its fortifications . After Belisarius retreated to Constantinople in 549 , Totila recaptured Rome , going on to complete the reconquest of Italy and Sicily . By the end of 550 , Totila had recaptured all but Ravenna and four coastal towns . The following year Justinian sent his general Narses with a force of 35,000 Lombards , Gepids and Heruli to Italy in a march around the Adriatic to approach Ravenna from the north . In the Battle of Taginae , a decisive engagement during the summer of 552 , in the Apennines near present-day Fabriano , the Gothic army was defeated , and Totila was mortally wounded . Totila was succeeded by his relative , Teia , who later died at the Battle of Mons Lactarius . Pockets of resistance , reinforced by Franks and Alemanni who had invaded Italy in 553 , continued until 562 , when the Byzantines were in control of the whole of the country . The country was so ravaged by war that any return to normal life proved impossible , and only three years after his death most of the country was conquered by Alboin of the Lombards , who absorbed the remaining Ostrogothic population . |
Treaty_of_Alexandropol | The Treaty of Alexandropol ( Ալեքսանդրապոլի պայմանագիր Gümrü Antlaşması ) was a peace treaty between the First Republic of Armenia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey ending the Turkish-Armenian War that had begun on 12 September 1920 with an invasion of Armenia by Turkish forces led by Kazim Karabekir . It was signed by the Armenian Foreign Minister Alexander Khatisyan in the early hours of 3 December 1920 . However , the previous day the Armenian government in Yerevan had resigned and transferred power to a Soviet government backed by Soviet Russia , meaning that Khatisyan was no longer acting on behalf of the government of Armenia and the treaty was technically illegal . The terms of the treaty was prepared by the Turkish side , with the Armenian side having no input . It required Armenia to cede to Turkey its entire province of Kars together with the Surmalu district of Yerevan province . A large part of the south of Yerevan province was also to be ceded to Azerbaijan . The second item on the treaty acknowledged the border between the two countries . The Treaty of Alexandropol changed the boundary of the First Republic of Armenia to the Ardahan-Kars borderline and ceded over fifty percent of First Republic of Armenia to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey . The tenth item in the agreement stated that Armenia renounced the Treaty of Sèvres . The Treaty of Alexandropol was to be ratified by the Armenian parliament within a month . This did not take place due to the Russian SFSR occupation of Armenia . In the accord signed by the resigning Armenian government and Soviet Russia 's representatives in Yerevan , Russia recognized the boundaries of Armenia as they had been before the Turkish invasion . However , Soviet Russia eventually acceded to Turkey 's territorial demands in the Treaty of Moscow signed on 16 March 1921 . The latter treaty was further ratified as the Treaty of Kars , signed by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and , at Soviet Russia 's insistence , the three ( now Soviet ) republics of Armenia , Georgia , and Azerbaijan . |
Trauma_model_of_mental_disorders | The trauma model of mental disorders , or trauma model of psychopathology , emphasizes the effects of psychological trauma , particularly in early development , as the key causal factor in the development of some or many psychiatric disorders , or a vulnerability for depression and anxiety , in addition to trauma as an adult as in post-traumatic stress disorder . Trauma models are typically founded on the view that traumatic experiences ( such as actual physical or sexual abuse ) are more common or more serious than thought in the histories of those diagnosed with mental disorders . Such models have traditionally been associated with psychoanalytic approaches , notably Sigmund Freud 's early ideas on childhood sexual abuse and hysteria . John Bowlby , who developed attachment theory , also describes the negative mental health consequences , based on his observations , of the effects on infants and young children when a positive relationship with a caregiver is lacking . In addition there is significant research supporting the linkage between early experiences of chronic maltreatment and later problems . In the 1960s trauma models also became associated with humanist and anti-psychiatry approaches , particularly in regard to understanding schizophrenia and the role of the family . Personality disorders have also been a focus , particularly borderline personality disorder . Extreme versions of trauma models have implicated the fetal environment and the trauma of being born , or have been associated with recovered memory controversies . More generally , trauma models highlight particularly stressful and traumatic factors in early attachment relations and in the development of mature interpersonal relationships . They are often presented as a counterpoint to a psychiatry claimed to be too focused on genetics , neurochemistry and medication . |
Tiberius_Claudius_Nero | Tiberius Claudius Nero is the name of several ancient Roman men of the gens Claudia . |
Tous_les_secrets | `` Tous les secrets '' ( meaning `` All the Secrets '' ) is the second single from Celine Dion 's French greatest hits album On ne change pas ( `` We never change '' ) and also a theme song from the animated movie Asterix and the Vikings . The music download was released in Canada on the same day as the album ( 4 October 2005 ) , but the CD single was released in March 2006 in France , Belgium and Switzerland . In Poland , `` Tous les secrets '' was released on 1 September 2005 as the first and only radio single from On ne change pas . The track was written and produced by Kristian Lundin , who already worked with Dion on hits like `` That 's the Way It Is '' and `` I 'm Alive , '' and by Jacques Veneruso who wrote `` Sous le vent , '' `` Tout l'or des hommes '' and `` Je ne vous oublie pas '' among others . The CD single included also an English-language version of `` Tous les secrets , '' called `` Let Your Heart Decide . '' Both versions could be found later on the Asterix and the Vikings movie soundtrack , released on 3 April 2006 . The music videos for both versions include fragments from the film . They were released on 27 February 2006 , and included later on the Asterix and the Vikings DVD , released on 25 October 2006 . Dion promoted this song by performing it in a French TV show , called Hit Machine . `` Tous les secrets '' peaked at number 7 in Quebec , number 10 in Greece , number 20 in France and number 33 in Belgium Wallonia . Dion performed live `` Tous Les Secrets '' for the first time in tour during her Summer Tour 2016 . |
Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1762) | The Treaty of Fontainebleau was a secret agreement of 1762 in which France ceded Louisiana to Spain . The treaty followed the last battle in the French and Indian War in North America , the Battle of Signal Hill in September 1762 , which confirmed British control of Canada . In Europe , the associated Seven Years ' War continued to rage . Having lost Canada , King Louis XV of France proposed to King Charles III of Spain that France should give Spain `` the country known as Louisiana , as well as New Orleans and the island in which the city is situated . '' Charles accepted on November 13 , 1762 . This agreement covered all of `` Louisiana '' : the entire valley of the Mississippi River , from the Appalachians to the Rockies . The Treaty of Fontainebleau was kept secret even during the French negotiation and signing of the Treaty of Paris , which ended the war with Britain . The Treaty of Paris , made between France and Great Britain following the Seven Years ' War , divided La Louisiane at the Mississippi : the eastern half was ceded to Britain , while the western half and New Orleans were nominally retained by France . Spain did not contest Britain 's control of eastern Louisiana , as it already knew it would rule in western Louisiana . Also , under the Treaty of Paris , Spain had ceded Florida to Britain , and western Louisiana was its compensation . The Treaty of Paris provided a period of 18 months in which French colonists who did not want to live under British rule could freely emigrate to other French colonies . Many of these emigrants moved to Louisiana , where they discovered later that France had ceded Louisiana to Spain . The cession to Spain was finally revealed in 1764 . In a letter dated April 21 , 1764 , Louis informed the governor , Jean-Jacques Blaise d'Abbadie , of the transition : Hoping , moreover , that His Catholic Majesty will be pleased to give his subjects of Louisiana the marks of protection and good will which only the misfortunes of war have prevented from being more effectual . The colonists in western Louisiana did not accept the transition , and expelled the first Spanish governor in the Rebellion of 1768 . Alejandro O'Reilly ( an Irish émigré ) suppressed the rebellion and formally raised the Spanish flag in 1769 . The acquisition of Louisiana consolidated the Spanish empire in North America . When the United States returned Florida to Spain in 1783 following its victory in the American Revolutionary War , Spanish territory completely encircled the Gulf of Mexico , and stretched from Florida west to the Pacific Ocean , and north to Canada west of the Mississippi River . |
Timariots | A timariot ( or tımar holder ; tımarlı in Turkish ) was another name given to the Timarli Sipahi cavalry that served the Ottoman sultan and in return was granted a fief called a timar . The timariots had to assemble with the army when at war , and had to take care of the land entrusted to him in times of peace . When at war , the timariot had to bring his own equipment and in addition a number of armed retainers ( cebelu ) . The timariot was granted feudatory with the obligation to go mounted to war and to supply soldiers and sailors in numbers proportionate to the revenue of the appanage . The timariot owed personal service for his sword in time of war and for a certain sum of money owed a number of soldiers as a substitute ( cebelu ) . The ( cebelu ) was bound to live on the timariot 's estate and look after the land . When summoned for campaign the timariot and his ( cebelu ) had to present themselves with a cuirass . When a timariot failed to obey the summon he was deprived of his timar for one or two years . Also non-military timar holders were obliged to supply the imperial army with soldiers and provisions.The number of men and equipment the timariotes had to provide was dependent on the size of his land holdings . When the annual income of the holding was above 4.000 akçe the sipahi had to be accompanied by a soldier in a coat of mail , for income above 15.000 akçe by additional soldier for each additional 3.000 akçe . Above a certain income of the timar the sipahi horse had also to be equipped with armor of very thin steel . Tents for different purposes e.g. , for treasury , kitchen , saddlery store , etc. had to be provided . This ensured that all equipment and troops for campaigns was determined in advance and Ottoman commanders knew the exact number of their forces for mobilization . Food was supplied during campaigns . In this way , the Ottomans could quickly muster a large army . When the war was over the warriors returned to their lands , and in that way the sultan did not have to support them when he did n't need them . In addition , the sultan 's lands were taken care of . Local peasants were subjects to the timariot . Law and order was kept , taxes were collected and bandits were brought to justice . The system of timars was organized during the reign of Orhan I ( 1326 -- 1359 ) . The Sultan granted officers fiefs with local peasants subjected to their rule in an arrangement similar to European feudal fiefs . They were an important part of the Ottoman army , especially for being so easily supportable , and kept that status until the early 17th century . The titles and lands of the timar holders remained in use much longer than that . The Ottoman policy to grant timars to local aristocracy of newly gained territories enabled the faster integration of these lands to the empire and utilized their population in the military service.Granting timars to the military class also relieved the central administration from the burden of paying with coin or cash . When on campaign , the timariots were organized into regiments called alays that were commanded by alay beys ( or beg ) . Larger units were the sanjak ( or sancak ) regiments or livas ( standard , banner ) , commanded by sanjak beys . At the top were the province governors , the beylerbeys . A province in the 16th century could muster some thousand timariots , according to the size of the province . In 1525 the total number of timar holders were 37,818 men , according to the tax rolls . The number of armed retainers was estimated to 50,000 men . Of course , these great numbers were spread out all over the empire , and could not possibly serve in one campaign at a time . |
Transylvania_University | Transylvania University is a private university in Lexington , Kentucky , United States . It was founded in 1780 , making it the first university in Kentucky and among the oldest in the United States . It offers 36 major programs , as well as dual-degree engineering programs , and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . Transylvania 's name , meaning `` across the woods '' in Latin , stems from the university 's founding in the heavily forested region of western Virginia known as the Transylvania Colony , which became most of Kentucky in 1792 . Transylvania is the alma mater of two U.S. vice presidents , two U.S. Supreme Court justices , fifty U.S. senators , 101 U.S. representatives , 36 U.S. governors , and 34 U.S. ambassadors , making it a large producer of U.S. statesmen . Its medical program graduated 8,000 physicians by 1859 . Its enduring footprint , both in national and southern academia , make it among the most prolific cultural establishments and the most storied institutions in the South . |
Thriller_(genre) | Thriller is a broad genre of literature , film and television , having numerous subgenres . Thrillers are characterized and defined by the moods they elicit , giving viewers heightened feelings of suspense , excitement , surprise , anticipation and anxiety . Successful examples of thrillers are the films of Alfred Hitchcock . Thrillers generally keep the audience on the `` edge of their seats '' as the plot builds towards a climax . The cover-up of important information is a common element . Literary devices such as red herrings , plot twists , and cliffhangers are used extensively . A thriller is usually a villain-driven plot , whereby he or she presents obstacles that the protagonist must overcome . Homer 's Odyssey is one of the oldest stories in the Western world and is regarded as an early prototype of the thriller . |
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird_(film) | To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama film directed by Robert Mulligan . The screenplay by Horton Foote is based on Harper Lee 's 1960 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name . It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout . The film , received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics and was a box-office success , earning more than 10 times its budget . The film won three Academy Awards , including Best Actor for Peck , and was nominated for eight , including Best Picture . In 1995 , the film was listed in the National Film Registry . In 2003 , AFI named Atticus Finch the greatest movie hero of the 20th century . In 2007 the film ranked twenty-fifth on the American Film Institute 's 10th anniversary list of the greatest American movies of all time . To Kill a Mockingbird marked the film debuts of Robert Duvall , William Windom , and Alice Ghostley . |
Too_big_to_fail | The `` too big to fail '' theory asserts that certain corporations , particularly financial institutions , are so large and so interconnected that their failure would be disastrous to the greater economic system , and that they therefore must be supported by government when they face potential failure . The colloquial term `` too big to fail '' was popularized by U.S. Congressman Stewart McKinney in a 1984 Congressional hearing , discussing the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 's intervention with Continental Illinois . The term had previously been used occasionally in the press . Proponents of this theory believe that some institutions are so important that they should become recipients of beneficial financial and economic policies from governments or central banks . Some economists such as Paul Krugman hold that economies of scale in banks and in other businesses are worth preserving , so long as they are well regulated in proportion to their economic clout , and therefore that `` too big to fail '' status can be acceptable . The global economic system must also deal with sovereign states being too big to fail . Opponents believe that one of the problems that arises is moral hazard whereby a company that benefits from these protective policies will seek to profit by it , deliberately taking positions ( see asset allocation ) that are high-risk high-return , as they are able to leverage these risks based on the policy preference they receive . The term has emerged as prominent in public discourse since the 2007 -- 08 global financial crisis . Critics see the policy as counterproductive and that large banks or other institutions should be left to fail if their risk management is not effective . Some critics , such as Alan Greenspan , believe that such large organisations should be deliberately broken up : `` If they 're too big to fail , they 're too big '' . More than fifty prominent economists , financial experts , bankers , finance industry groups , and banks themselves have called for breaking up large banks into smaller institutions . In 2014 , the International Monetary Fund and others said the problem still had not been dealt with . While the individual components of the new regulation for systemically important banks ( additional capital requirements , enhanced supervision and resolution regimes ) likely reduced the prevalence of TBTF , the fact that there is a definite List of systemically important banks considered TBTF has a partly offsetting impact . |
Trooper_(rank) | Trooper ( abbr . Tpr ) from the French `` troupier '' is the equivalent rank to private in a regiment with a cavalry tradition in the British Army and many other Commonwealth armies , including those of Australia , Canada , South Africa and New Zealand . Today , most cavalry units operate in the armoured role , equipped with tanks or other armoured fighting vehicles . Some armoured regiments without a cavalry tradition do not use the rank , a notable exception being the British Royal Tank Regiment which follows the naming conventions of its fellow regiments in the Royal Armoured Corps . Cavalry units are organized into squadrons , further divided into troops , hence a trooper is a member of a troop . `` Trooper '' can also be used colloquially to mean any cavalry soldier ( although not usually an officer ) . In the British Army , trooper is also used as a rank in the Special Air Service and Honourable Artillery Company . Airtrooper ( Atpr ) is used in the Army Air Corps . In the United States cavalry and airborne , `` trooper '' is a colloquialism that has traditionally been used not as a rank , but rather as a general term for any enlisted soldier . Cavalry Troopers are generally considered to be socially a cut above other soldiers . This distinction stems from the days when cavalry needed to supply their own mounts , tack etc. . In order to supply the mounts and tack the Trooper would need to be reasonably wealthy so the average Trooper was a gentleman of sorts . In addition cavalry regiments were seen to be relatively fashionable and dashing , often having colourful or even garish uniforms . This historically superior social position is humorously referenced today in the Australian Army , where cavalry Troopers jokingly define their role as : `` The role of the Cavalry is to add colour , dash and daring , to what would otherwise be a mindless shitfight amongst grunts '' . In the British Army the equivalent phrase is `` adding tone to what would otherwise be just a vulgar brawl '' . Both come from a quote by Frederick the Great : `` Artillery adds dignity to what would otherwise be a vulgar brawl . '' |
Titus_(film) | Titus is a 1999 Italian-American-British film adaptation of William Shakespeare 's revenge tragedy Titus Andronicus , about the downfall of a Roman general . Starring Anthony Hopkins and Jessica Lange , it was the first theatrically-released feature film adaptation of the play . The film was made by Overseas Filmgroup and Clear Blue Sky Productions and released by Fox Searchlight Pictures . It was the film directorial debut of Julie Taymor , who co-produced and wrote the screenplay . It was produced by Jody Patton , Conchita Airoldi and executive produced by Paul G. Allen . |
Timothy_Brown_(radical) | Timothy Brown ( 1743/1744 -- 4 September 1820 ) was an English banker , merchant and radical , known for his association with other radicals of the time , such as John Horne Tooke , Robert Waithman , William Frend , William Cobbett , John Cartwright and George Cannon ; his political views gave him the nickname `` Equality Brown '' . He was also one of the early partners of Whitbread , and became the master of the Worshipful Company of Brewers . |
Tribeca_Film_Festival | The Tribeca Film Festival was founded in 2002 by Jane Rosenthal , Robert De Niro and Craig Hatkoff , reportedly in response to the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the consequent loss of vitality in the Tribeca neighborhood in Lower Manhattan , although there are reports that its founding was underway prior to the events of 9/11 . In 2006 and 2007 , the Festival received over 8600 film submissions and held 1,500 screenings . The Festival 's program line-up includes a variety of independent films including documentaries , narrative features and shorts , as well as a program of family-friendly films . The Festival also features panel discussions with personalities in the entertainment world and a music lounge produced with ASCAP to showcase artists . One of the more distinctive components of the Festival is its Artists Awards program in which emerging and renowned artists celebrate filmmakers by providing original works of art that are given to the filmmakers ' competition winners . Past artists of the Artists Awards program have included Chuck Close , Alex Katz , and Julian Schnabel . The festival now draws an estimated three million people -- including often-elusive celebrities from the worlds of art , film , and music -- and generates $ 600 million annually . |
Tommy_Chong | Thomas B. Kin Chong ( born May 24 , 1938 ) is a Canadian-American comedian and actor , who is known for his marijuana-themed Cheech & Chong comedy albums and movies with Cheech Marin , as well as playing the character Leo on Fox 's That '70s Show . He became a naturalized United States citizen in the late 1980s . |
Torchwood:_Children_of_Earth | Children of Earth is the banner title of the third series of the British television science fiction programme Torchwood , which broadcast for five episodes on BBC One in 2009 . The series had new producer Peter Bennett and was directed by Euros Lyn , who had considerable experience on the revived Doctor Who . Torchwood is a series about an organization known as Torchwood which defends the Earth against alien threats . The plot of Children of Earth deals with aliens demanding the Earth 's children , and a related earlier conspiracy ; as such , Torchwood is pitted against the British government when it attempts to conceal its past actions and concede to the present-day aliens ' demands . The first , third , and fifth episodes of the serial were written by executive producer Russell T Davies , who also conceived its overall storyline . The third episode was co-written by James Moran whilst the second and fourth were penned by newcomer John Fay . Because the BBC was not awarded the increase in the licence fee it requested , Torchwood ( like Doctor Who and The Sarah Jane Adventures the same year ) faced budget cuts . As part of Davies ' agreement with the BBC , Torchwood was shown on the network 's premiere channel , BBC One , every weeknight for one week in July 2009 . Despite the move to BBC One , the show was cut from a standard thirteen-episode run to just five , something that lead actor John Barrowman felt was almost like a `` punishment '' from the BBC . Production on the mini-series began in August 2008 , and Barrowman along with actors Eve Myles , Gareth David-Lloyd ( his final appearance in the show ) , and Kai Owen ( now given co-star billing ) all returned . The serial significantly features new actors to the series over the course of its five episodes , most prominently Peter Capaldi . Davies had to substantially rewrite parts of the serial to accommodate the unavailability of actors Freema Agyeman and Noel Clarke , whose presence in the serial had been set up in the 2008 Doctor Who finale . When the series defied expectations by achieving good ratings ( peaking at 6.76 million ) , Davies stated that a surprised BBC Controller rang to congratulate him . Mid-summer evenings are typically considered a graveyard slot for television series . The serial also received very positive reviews , particularly in comparison to the programme 's previous two series , as well as a BAFTA Cymru Award , a Saturn Award and Celtic Media Festival Award , all for best serial . A number of fans were upset by the death of a main character in the fourth episode of the serial , with some campaigning and raising money for charity in an attempt to persuade the writers to bring back the character in future . The success of the series led a fourth series , Torchwood : Miracle Day , which was commissioned in conjunction with the US premium cable network Starz . |
Tower_Block_(film) | Tower Block is a British thriller film directed by James Nunn and Ronnie Thompson at their directorial debut , and written by James Moran . The film stars Sheridan Smith , Jack O'Connell , Ralph Brown , and Russell Tovey and entails residents of a block of flats targeted by an unseen sniper after witnessing the murder of a teenager . Tower Block was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on 21 September 2012 and was also the closing film at the 2012 FrightFest Film Festival . |
Treasure_of_the_Four_Crowns | Treasure of the Four Crowns is a 1983 action adventure film directed by Ferdinando Baldi and starring Tony Anthony , Ana Obregón , Gene Quintano , and Francisco Rabal . It was produced as a co-production between American company Filmways and Lupo-Anthony-Quintano Productions , an independent company , the same filmmakers had made Comin ' at Ya ! in 1981 . Treasure of the Four Crowns was released on January 21 , 1983 in the U.S. by Cannon Films , Inc. , and was somewhat criticized for its similarities to Raiders of the Lost Ark , most particularly the scene in which the main character runs away from a flaming boulder . |
Tori_Spelling | Victoria Davey Spelling ( born May 16 , 1973 ) is an American actress , television personality , socialite and author . Her first major role was Donna Martin on Beverly Hills , 90210 in 1990 , produced by her father , Aaron . She appeared in a string of made-for-television films , including A Friend to Die For ( 1994 ) , A Carol Christmas ( 2003 ) , The Mistle-Tones ( 2012 ) and Mother , May I Sleep with Danger ? ( 2016 ) , and rose to prominence through her roles in independent films such as The House of Yes ( 1997 ) , Trick ( 1999 ) , Cthulhu ( 2007 ) , Kiss the Bride ( 2007 ) and Izzie 's Way Home ( 2016 ) . She reprised her prominent role of Donna Martin in Beverly Hills , 90210 's spin-off , 90210 , in 2009 . Spelling 's autobiography , Stori Telling , debuted on top of the New York Times Best Seller list and was named the best celebrity autobiography of 2009 . |
Truant_Wave | Truant Wave is the first EP by the American musician Patrick Stump , the lead singer/guitarist of Fall Out Boy . It was first released as a digital download exclusive to iTunes on February 22 , 2011 , through Stump 's own record label Nervous Breakdance Media , before becoming available from all online retailers on 9 March . It was announced on Stump 's website a week before its release date , with little lead up and `` absolutely zero promotion '' and was unexpected by fans as Stump had never made any mention of it . It is his second release as a solo artist , the first being his `` Spotlight ( New Regrets ) '' and `` Spotlight ( Oh Nostalgia ) '' 7 '' vinyl . Truant Wave was an advance of the release of his first full-length album , Soul Punk , and consists of songs that Stump did not include on it . Soul Punk was released on October 18 , 2011 . On June 9 , he made Truant Wave available on a 12 '' vinyl , also through his own label and made available on his web store . He felt the EP to be '' -LSB- kind of -RSB- a concept album . '' |
Timan_Ridge | The Timan Ridge ( Тиманский кряж -- Timansky Kryazh ) is a highland in the far north of European Russia . Most of the Timan Ridge is situated in the Komi Republic , but the northernmost part is in Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Arkhangelsk Oblast . The highest point in the Timan Ridge is Chetlassky Kamen ( 461 m AMSL ) . The Timan Ridge is situated west of the northern Ural Mountains , and is a part of the East European Plain . It lies west of the Pechora River , and divides the eastern and western parts of the North Russian Lowlands . The Timan Ridge ends at the Barents Sea in the north . The Timan Ridge , which lies within the taiga and tundra belts , is characterized by a mountainous hill terrain , ground and formed by the ice during the Ice Ages . Several rivers have their sources in the Timan Ridge ; the most important being the Izhma ( a tributary of the Pechora ) , the Mezen , and the Vychegda ( a tributary of the Northern Dvina ) . The largest town in the otherwise sparsely populated Timan Ridge is Ukhta , founded in the 1930s in order to open up the Timan Ridge for extraction of raw materials . There are numerous mineral deposits in the Timan Ridge − such as natural gas , petroleum , bauxite and titanium . |
Trinidad | Trinidad ( Spanish : `` Trinity '' ) is the larger and more populous of the two major islands and numerous landforms which make up the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago . The island lies 11 km off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America . Though geographically part of the South American continent , from a socio-economic standpoint it is often referred to as the southernmost island in the Caribbean . With an area of 4,768 km2 , it is also the sixth largest in the West Indies . Many believe the original name for the island in the Arawaks ' language was `` Iëre '' which meant `` Land of the Hummingbird '' . Some believe that `` Iere '' was actually a mispronunciation or corruption by early colonists of the Arawak word `` Kairi '' which simply means `` Island '' . Christopher Columbus renamed it `` La Isla de la Trinidad '' ( `` The Island of the Trinity '' ) , fulfilling a vow he had made before setting out on his third voyage . |
Tilda_Swinton | Katherine Matilda `` Tilda '' Swinton ( born 5 November 1960 ) is a British actress , performance artist , model , and fashion muse , known for her roles in independent and Hollywood films . She is the recipient of two BAFTA Awards , one BIFA Award , an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and has received three nominations for a Golden Globe Award . She began her career in films directed by Derek Jarman , starting with Caravaggio ( 1986 ) , followed by The Last of England ( 1988 ) , War Requiem ( 1989 ) and The Garden ( 1990 ) . Swinton won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival for her performance as Isabella of France in Edward II ( 1991 ) . She next starred in Sally Potter 's Orlando ( 1992 ) , and was nominated for the European Film Award for Best Actress . Swinton was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her performance in The Deep End ( 2001 ) . She followed this with appearances in Vanilla Sky ( 2001 ) , Adaptation ( 2002 ) , Young Adam ( 2003 ) , and Constantine ( 2005 ) . She then starred in the crime drama Julia ( 2008 ) , I Am Love ( 2009 ) , and the psychological thriller We Need to Talk About Kevin ( 2011 ) . Swinton later starred in the dark romantic fantasy drama , Only Lovers Left Alive ( 2014 ) . She is also known for her performances as the White Witch in the Chronicles of Narnia series ( 2005 -- 10 ) . Swinton won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her performance as lawyer Karen Crowder in Michael Clayton ( 2007 ) . Her other film appearances include Female Perversions ( 1996 ) , Tim Roth 's The War Zone ( 1998 ) , The Beach ( 2000 ) , Teknolust ( 2002 ) , Thumbsucker ( 2005 ) , Stephanie Daley ( 2006 ) , The Curious Case of Benjamin Button ( 2008 ) , Burn After Reading ( 2008 ) , Moonrise Kingdom ( 2012 ) , Snowpiercer ( 2013 ) , The Grand Budapest Hotel ( 2014 ) , Trainwreck ( 2015 ) , A Bigger Splash ( 2015 ) and Doctor Strange '' ( 2016 ) . In 2005 , Swinton was given the Richard Harris Award by the British Independent Film Awards in recognition of her contributions to the British film industry . In 2013 she was given a special tribute by the Museum of Modern Art . |
Tughrul_Tower | Tuğrul Tower ( also transliterated Toghrul , Tughrol , or Tughrul ) is a 12th-century monument , located in the city of Rey , Iran . Tuğrul Tower is near Rashkan Castle . The 20 meters tall brick tower is the tomb of Seljuk ruler Tuğrul Beg , who died in Rey in 1063 . Originally , like other monuments of its time , it was capped by a conical dome ( گنبد , gonbad ) , which would have added to its height . The dome collapsed during an earthquake . The thickness of the walls varies from 1.75 to 2.75 meters . The inner and outer diameters are 11 and 16 meters , respectively . The exterior shape is that of a polygon with 24 angles in its design , which is thought to contribute to the structure 's stability against tremors . At the top of the tower Kufic inscriptions were originally observable . Naser al-Din Shah ordered some restorations to be made to the top part of the tower , which was collapsing in 1884 . The tower is protected by Iran 's Cultural Heritage Organization . |
Timati | Timur Ildarovich Yunusov ( born August 15 , 1983 ) , better known by his stage name Timati , is a Russian artist of Jewish and Tatar descent , singer-songwriter , record producer , actor , marketer and entrepreneur . |
Timur_ruby | The Timur Ruby ( also Khiraj-i-alam , `` Tribute to the World '' ) is an unfaceted , 361 carat polished red spinel set in a necklace for Queen Victoria in 1853 . It is named after the ruler Timur , founder of the Timurid Empire . It was believed to be a ruby until 1851 . It is inscribed with the names and dates of six of its previous owners : Timur Akbar , 1612 Jahangir , 1628 Aurangzeb , 1659 Farrukhsiyar , 1713 Ahmad Shah Durrani , 1754 When the British annexed the Punjab in 1849 , they took possession of the Timur ruby and the Koh-i-Noor diamond from Duleep Singh . The two gems have been owned together since 1612 . The East India Company presented the Timur Ruby to Queen Victoria as a gift in 1851 . It was set in a necklace in 1853 . After the necklace was lengthened in 1911 , it was rarely worn . |
Tower_of_London_in_popular_culture | The Tower of London has been represented in popular culture in many ways . As a result of 16th and 19th century writers , the Tower has a reputation as a grim fortress , a place of torture and execution . One of the earliest traditions associated with the Tower was that it was built by Julius Caesar ; the story was a popular amongst writers and antiquaries . The earliest recorded attribution of the Tower to the Roman ruler dates to the mid-14th century in a poem by Sir Thomas Gray . The origin of the myth is uncertain , although it may be related to the fact that the Tower was built in the corner of London 's Roman walls . Another possibility is that someone misread a passage from Gervase of Tilbury in which he says Caesar built a tower at Odnea in France . Gervase wrote Odnea as Dodres , which is close to the French for London , Londres . Today , the story survives in William Shakespeare 's Richard II and Richard III , and as late as the 18th century some still regarded the Tower as built by Caesar . The Tower of London ( 1840 ) by William Harrison Ainsworth though written in fictional form , contrives to give a detailed account of the history and architecture of the Tower . He however included extensive underground passages and dungeons which did not actually exist . The Tower of London , as a place of death , treachery and sorrow , is most famously evoked in William Shakespeare 's play , Richard III , where it forms the backdrop of Richard 's seizure of the throne and the scene of the notorious murder of the Princes in the Tower , and other victims ( see above ) . A classic film version of this is Richard III ( 1955 ) with Laurence Olivier in the title role . This story is also reprised in the historical horror film Tower of London ( 1939 ) and its 1962 remake . Gilbert and Sullivan 's 1888 comic opera The Yeomen of the Guard , set at the Tower , has familiarised people throughout the English-speaking world with the Tower for over a century . This is the only Gilbert and Sullivan opera involving an actual historical person , Sir Richard Cholmondeley , Lieutenant of the Tower . Apparitions of Anne Boleyn at the Tower are the theme of the song `` With Her Head Tucked Underneath Her Arm '' . The Mad Hatter Mystery , a detective novel by John Dickson Carr , where the Tower serves as scene of a murder ( Harper & Row Inc. , New York , 1933 , 1961 ) . A Night in Terror Tower , the twenty-sixth book in the Goosebumps series by R. L. Stine ( Scholastic , January 1995 ) . Also adapted into a two-part episode , an audiobook , and a board game . There was an adventure computer game called Traitors Gate released by Swedish Daydream Software in 1999 . In the game , the player is an American agent who must secretly steal the crown jewels in 12 hours . The game took place in a CGI recreation of the whole Tower area . The Tower of London features frequently , and is described in exhaustive detail , in Neal Stephenson 's Baroque Cycle , especially The System of the World , in which the tower is the setting for one of the series ' grandest set pieces . The Tower of London has featured multiple times in the long-running BBC television science fiction series Doctor Who : in the 1964 First Doctor serial `` The Sensorites '' , the Doctor claims to have been sent to the Tower of London by Henry VIII after an argument ended with the king throwing a lump of chicken at him . in the 1971 Third Doctor serial `` The Mind of Evil '' , the Doctor mentions having previously met Sir Walter Raleigh in the Tower of London after the latter had gotten in trouble with Queen Elizabeth I. in the 2005 Christmas special `` The Christmas Invasion '' , it was the secret headquarters of the fictional military organization UNIT . The UNIT base also reappeared in the 2012 episode The Power of Three . in the 2010 episode `` The Beast Below '' it was shown to be present on `` Starship UK '' , a massive spaceship containing the population of Britain in the 29th century . the Tower plays a key role in the show 's 50th anniversary special , The Day of the Doctor : in 1562 , the Tenth Doctor , Eleventh Doctor and War Doctor are imprisoned in the Tower by Queen Elizabeth I while she is impersonating the commander of a group of shape-shifting alien invaders called Zygons . by 2013 , the Tower houses UNIT 's Black Archives , a storehouse of dangerous extraterrestrial or time displaced technology , where the Doctors and UNIT personnel confront the Zygons and conclude a treaty . in an early scene , the head of UNIT remarks that the Tower 's ravens are `` looking a little sluggish '' and `` need new batteries . '' The Tower of London is seen many times in the Roland Emmerich 's 2011 movie Anonymous . The Tower is the setting for the final battle in the anime version of Hellsing , where Alucard faces against Incognito . The Tower is the setting for Johnny English when the crown jewels are stolen by Pascal Sauvage . In the novel Sent , by Margaret Peterson Haddix , Jonah and Katherine try to save their friends Chip and Alex from the Tower of London . The Tower of London is often portrayed in the Bartimaeus Trilogy , by Jonathan Stroud , as a prison . In the novel Stars and Stripes Triumphant , the Tower of London is partially destroyed by invading American ironclads . In the novel Too Many Magicians by Randall Garrett , the character Sean O'Lochlainn is imprisoned in the Tower of London . In the game Simcity Societies , one of the prison-like buildings , dungeon , looks-like the Tower of London . The Tower of London was featured on 1000 Ways to Die . In episode 20 of the anime series Kuroshitsuji , Ciel 's butler is tortured in the tower . The princes Edward V and Richard who were held prisoners in the tower also make an appearance as ghosts in episode 16 . In The Adventures of Robin Hood ( TV series ) , Prince John is shown as resident in and holding court in the tower . John 's presence in The Tower is established through the use of photographs of the structure . `` Towers of London '' is a song by the British rock band XTC from their 1980 album Black Sea . The song was written by Andy Partridge . The novel `` Balthazar Jones and the Tower of London Zoo '' by Julia Stuart is almost entirely set inside the Tower of London . In Charlie Higson 's post-apocalyptic young adult horror novel The Enemy ( 2009 ) , Small Sam escapes being kidnapped , twice , each by cannibalistic adults , and ultimately joins up with a group that takes refuge in the Tower of London . Walter Raleigh - Royal favour with Queen Elizabeth had been restored by this time , but his good fortune did not last . The Queen died in 1603 , and Raleigh was arrested at Exeter Inn , Ashburton , Devon , and imprisoned in the Tower of London on 19 July 1603 . On 17 November , Raleigh was tried in the converted Great Hall of Winchester Castle for treason , due to his involvement in the Main Plot against King James . The Tower appears in the 1939 film The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes , where Professor Moriarty disguises himself as a police officer while trying to steal the crown jewels but falls to his death at the hands of Sherlock Holmes . The Tower also appears in the 1944 film Gaslight , where Brian and Paula visit it whilst seeing the Crown Jewels . |
Thomas_Wolsey | Thomas Wolsey ( c. March 1473 -- 29 November 1530 ; sometimes spelled Woolsey or Wulcy ) was an English churchman , statesman and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church . When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509 , Wolsey became the King 's almoner . Wolsey 's affairs prospered , and by 1514 he had become the controlling figure in virtually all matters of state and extremely powerful within the Church , as Archbishop of York , the second most important cleric in England . The 1515 appointment of Wolsey as a cardinal by Pope Leo X gave him precedence even over the Archbishop of Canterbury . The highest political position Wolsey attained was Lord Chancellor , the King 's chief adviser ( formally , as his successor and disciple Thomas Cromwell was not ) . In that position , he enjoyed great freedom and was often depicted as an alter rex ( other king ) . After failing to negotiate an annulment of Henry 's marriage to Catherine of Aragon , Wolsey fell out of favour and was stripped of his government titles . He retreated to York to fulfill his ecclesiastical duties as Archbishop of York , a position he nominally held , but had neglected during his years in government . He was recalled to London to answer to charges of treason -- a common charge used by Henry against ministers who fell out of favour -- but died en route of natural causes . |
Timur | Timur ( تیمور Temūr , Chagatai : Temür , 9 April 1336 -- 18 February 1405 ) , historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane ( تيمور لنگ Temūr ( - i ) Lang , `` Timur the Lame '' ) , was a Turco-Mongol conqueror . As the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia he became the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty . Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana on 9 April 1336 , Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370 . From that base he led military campaigns across Western , South and Central Asia , the Caucasus and southern Russia , and emerged as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world after defeating the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria , the emerging Ottoman Empire , and the declining Delhi Sultanate . From these conquests he founded the Timurid Empire , but this empire fragmented shortly after his death . Timur is considered the last of the great nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian Steppe , and his empire set the stage for the rise of the more structured and lasting Gunpowder Empires in the 1500s and 1600s . According to John Joseph Saunders , Timur 's background was Iranized and not steppe nomad . Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan ( died 1227 ) . `` In his formal correspondence Temur continued throughout his life to portray himself as the restorer of Chinggisid rights . He justified his Iranian , Mamluk , and Ottoman campaigns as a re-imposition of legitimate Mongol control over lands taken by usurpers . To legitimize his conquests , Timur relied on Islamic symbols and language , referred to himself as the `` Sword of Islam '' , and patronized educational and religious institutions . He converted nearly all the Borjigin leaders to Islam during his lifetime . `` Temur , a non-Chinggisid , tried to build a double legitimacy based on his role as both guardian and restorer of the Mongol Empire . '' Timur also decisively defeated the Christian Knights Hospitaller at the Siege of Smyrna , styling himself a ghazi . By the end of his reign , Timur had gained complete control over all the remnants of the Chagatai Khanate , the Ilkhanate , and the Golden Horde , and even attempted to restore the Yuan dynasty in China . Timur 's armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and were feared throughout Asia , Africa , and Europe , sizable parts of which his campaigns laid to waste . Scholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people , amounting to about 5 % of the world population at the time . He was the grandfather of the renowned Timurid sultan , astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg , who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449 , and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur ( 1483-1530 ) , founder of the Mughal Empire , which ruled parts of South Asia for over three centuries , from 1526 until 1857 . Timur is also recognized as a great patron of art and architecture , as he interacted with Muslim intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun and Hafiz-i Abru . |
TriBeCa_Productions | Tribeca Productions , a film and television production company , was co-founded in 2003 by actor Robert De Niro and producer Jane Rosenthal in the lower Manhattan neighborhood of TriBeCa . De Niro , Rosenthal , and Craig Hatkoff are also the co-founders of the Tribeca Film Festival . The production company was founded at the beginning of a revival of interest in the film production community in filming in New York City . Prior to the 1990s it made more economic sense for production companies to film urban scenes in cities such as Vancouver and Toronto in Canada . Since the founding of Tribeca Productions other production facilities have moved into various neighborhoods in NYC and filming around the city and in the streets has again become commonplace . On October 1 , 2015 , Tribeca and Lionsgate introduced Tribeca Shortlist , an SVOD service with 150 films . Celebrities make lists of their favorites and explain them in videos . The cost was $ 4.99 a month but was expected to increase to $ 5.99 in 2016 . In addition to the web site , content could be viewed with iPad , Apple TV and Chromecast . |
To_Rome_with_Love_(film) | To Rome with Love is a 2012 magical realist romantic comedy film written , directed by and starring Woody Allen in his first acting appearance since 2006 . The film is set in Rome , Italy ; it was released in Italian theaters on April 13 , 2012 , and opened in Los Angeles and New York City on June 22 , 2012 . The film features an ensemble cast , including Allen himself . The story is told in four separate vignettes : a clerk who wakes up to find himself a celebrity , an architect who takes a trip back to the street he lived on as a student , a young couple on their honeymoon , and an Italian funeral director whose uncanny singing ability enraptures his soon to be in-law , an American opera director . |
Timeless_2013 | Timeless 2013 is the sixth live album by French singer-songwriter Mylène Farmer . It was released on December 9 , 2013 in France by Polydor Records . The album documents the Timeless tour 's performances at the Halle Tony Garnier in Lyon , France . A concert film directed by François Hanss was screened in more than one hundred cinemas across France , Belgium and Switzerland on 27 March 2014 . The film was released on DVD and Blu-Ray on 16 May 2014 . The album does not contain `` Elle a dit '' , `` Je te dis tout '' and `` Et pourtant ... '' . |
Tulare,_California | Tulare ( -LSB- tʊˈlɛəri -RSB- ) is a city in Tulare County , California . The population was 59,278 at the 2010 census . Tulare is located in the heart of the Central Valley , eight miles south of Visalia and sixty miles north of Bakersfield . The city is named for the currently dry Tulare Lake , once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes . The city 's mission statement is : `` To promote a quality of life making Tulare the most desirable community in which to live , learn , play , work , worship and prosper . '' The Stockton seaport is 170 mi away , and the Sacramento port is 207 mi away . The Los Angeles and San Francisco ports are each approximately 200 mi away , making Tulare a hub or central location for product movement . |
Treaty_of_Paris_(1259) | The Treaty of Paris ( also known as the Treaty of Albeville ) was a treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England , agreed to on December 4 , 1259 ending 100 years of conflicts between Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties . In 1204 , Philip II of France had forced King John out of continental Normandy enforcing his 1202 claim that the lands were forfeit . Despite the 1217 Treaty of Lambeth , hostilities continued between the successive Kings of France and England until 1259 . Under the Treaty , Henry acknowledged loss of the Duchy of Normandy . However Philip had failed in his attempts to occupy the Norman islands in the Channel . The treaty held that `` islands ( if any ) which the King of England should hold '' , he would retain `` as peer of France and Duke of Aquitaine '' . ( These islands came to be collectively called the Channel Islands , consisting of Jersey , Guernsey , Alderney , Sark and some smaller islands . ) Henry agreed to renounce control of Maine , Anjou and Poitou , which had been lost under the reign of King John but remained Duke of Aquitaine and was able to keep the lands of Gascony and parts of Aquitaine but only as a vassal to Louis . In exchange , Louis withdrew his support for English rebels . He also ceded to Henry the bishoprics and cities of Limoges , Cahors and Périgueux and was to pay an annual rent for possession of Agenais . |
Tom_Brown_(satirist) | Thomas Brown ( 1662 -- 18 June 1704 ) , also known as Tom Brown , was an English translator and writer of satire , largely forgotten today save for a four-line gibe he wrote concerning Dr John Fell . Brown was born at either Shifnal or Newport in Shropshire ; he is identified with the Thomas Brown , son of William and Dorothy Brown , who was recorded christened on 1 January 1663 at Newport . His father , a farmer and tanner , died when Thomas was eight years old . He took advantage of the free schooling offered in the county during his day by attending Adams ' Grammar School at Newport , afterward continuing his education at Christ Church , Oxford and there meeting the college 's dean , Dr Fell . Fell was well known as a disciplinarian , and Brown throughout his life displayed a disdain for restrictions . The legend behind Brown 's most recognised work is therefore plausible : it states that Brown got into trouble while at Oxford , and was threatened with expulsion , but that Dr Fell offered to spare Brown if he could translate an epigram from Martial ( I , 32 , 1 ) : Non amo te , Sabidi , nec possum dicere quare ; Hoc tantum possum dicere , non amo te . According to the story , Brown replied immediately : I do not love thee , Dr Fell , The reason why I can not tell ; But this I know , and know full well , I do not love thee , Dr Fell . Fell is said to have stayed Brown 's dismissal from the college in admiration of this translation . However the story is of apocryphal provenance , and it is known that Brown left Christ Church without a degree , moving to Kingston upon Thames where he stayed three years as a schoolmaster , and later to London , where he took up residence on Aldersgate Street in the Grub Street district . Brown made a modest living from his writing in Latin , French and English , in addition to offering services of translation . He refrained however from ever attaching himself to a patron , and expressed contempt toward those who did so . He pursued a libertine lifestyle , and his satirical works gained him several enemies in their subjects . His best-known works , apart from the quatrain , are probably Amusements Serious and Comical , calculated for the Meridian of London ( 1700 ) and Letters from the Dead to the Living ( 1702 ) , although his writings were quite prolific . Several works of the period whose author is unknown are suspected to be his . Toward the end of his life he began to regret the licentiousness with which he had lived it , and on his deathbed he secured from his publisher ( one Sam Briscoe ) a promise that any posthumously published works would be censored of `` all prophane , undecent passages '' . The promise was promptly reneged upon . Many of Brown 's works went unpublished until his death , and the publication date of many is in question , as is his stature as a writer . Contemporary opinion was mixed ; Jonathan Swift spoke quite highly of Brown 's work , and indeed parts of Gulliver 's Travels and other of Swift 's works may have been significantly influenced by Brown 's writings . On the other hand , those whom Brown mercilessly lampooned during his lifetime understandably did nothing to further his good reputation after his demise . The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica gives this verdict : `` He was the author of a great variety of poems , letters , dialogues and lampoons , full of humour and erudition , but coarse and scurrilous . His writings have a certain value for the knowledge they display of low life in London . '' Presently the best description of Brown 's legacy may be that of Joseph Addison , who accorded him the appellation `` T-m Br-wn of facetious Memory '' . Brown was buried in the grounds of Westminster Abbey . |
Together_Now | `` Together Now '' is a collaboration between French composer/producer Jean Michel Jarre , and the Japanese composer/producer Tetsuya Komuro . It was the France 1998 FIFA World Cup theme song . Olivia was the vocalist and the lyricist for this song . Together Now also features as Track 15 for `` Music Of The World Cup : Allez ! Ola ! Ole ! '' . However , the single was only retailed in Japan . Surprisingly , despite both Olivia and Tetsuya Komuro being under Avex , the single itself was released under SMEJ . The single reached # 32 on Oricon charts and charted for # 10 weeks . |
Thénardiers | The Thénardiers , commonly known as Monsieur Thénardier ( -LSB- təˈnɑrdi.eɪ -RSB- -LSB- tenaʁdje -RSB- ) and Madame Thénardier , are fictional characters , the secondary antagonists in Victor Hugo 's 1862 novel Les Misérables and in many adaptations of the novel into other media . They are ordinary working-class people who blame society for their sufferings . Early in the novel , they own an inn and cheat their customers . After they lose the inn in bankruptcy , they change their name to `` Jondrette '' and live by begging and petty thievery . They serve , alongside Javert , as one of the two arch-nemeses of the story 's protagonist , Jean Valjean . While Javert represents the justice system that would punish Valjean , the Thenardiers represent the lawless subculture of society that would blackmail him . The novel portrays them as brutal and abusive figures ; some adaptations transform them into clownish characters , though sometimes still criminals , to provide comic relief from the generally more serious tone of the story . |
Tracy_Dawson | Tracy Dawson is a Canadian actress , comedian and writer . She is best known for her role as Meghan Fitzpatrick in Call Me Fitz , for which she won the Gemini Award for Best Lead Actress in a Comedy Series or Program at the 2011 Gemini Awards . She was also nominated for the same award at the 2nd Canadian Screen Awards . An alumna of The Second City 's Toronto company , her other credits include The Gavin Crawford Show , Wild Card , Duct Tape Forever , SketchCom and an appearance as a guest anchor on This Hour Has 22 Minutes in 2006 . She also portrayed Deimata , Skylar 's personal monster from the 2012 Disney Channel Original Movie , Girl vs. Monster . Dawson wrote the stage play Them & Us , which premiered at Theatre Passe Muraille in 2009 . She has also written for Call Me Fitz , SketchCom and Single White Spenny . |
Together_(Jonathan_and_Charlotte_album) | Together is the debut studio album by British classical crossover duo Jonathan and Charlotte , released on 24 September 2012 . The duo began recording the album in May 2012 , after signing a # 1m record deal with Simon Cowell 's label Syco Music . It was produced by Graham Stack ( record producer ) at Metrophonic Studios in Surrey , England over a period of 8 weeks . The album includes covers of various songs . They released the first song on the album , `` The Prayer , '' together with the act that finished in third place in 2012 , Only Boys Aloud . Having most recently peaked at Number 5 in the UK Album Charts , the duo are due to release their album in the USA and Canada on October 30 , 2012 . |
Tormund_Giantsbane | Tormund Giantsbane is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 2000 's A Storm of Swords , he is a wildling from the fictional continent of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Dance with Dragons . Tormund Giantsbane is portrayed by Kristofer Hivju in the HBO television adaptation . |
Troy_Ave | Roland Collins ( born November 23 , 1985 ) , better known by the stage name Troy Ave , is an American rapper from the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn , New York City . His moniker derives from Troy Avenue , a street near his boyhood home . In November 2013 , his first studio album , New York City : The Album , was released . It debuted at number 47 on the US Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart . He was named in XXL magazine 's 2014 Freshmen Class . |
Trebizond_Peace_Conference | The Trebizond Peace Conference was a conference held between March and April 1918 in Trebizond between the Ottoman Empire and a delegation of the Transcaucasian Diet ( Transcaucasian Sejm ) and government . The opening session was on 14 March 1918 . The representatives were Rear-Admiral Rauf Bey for the Ottoman Empire , and Akaki Chkhenkeli , A. Pepinov ( as an advisor ) as the Transcaucasian delegation . The Armistice of Erzincan signed by the Russian and Ottomans in Erzincan on December 5 , 1917 , ended the armed conflicts between Russia and Ottoman Empire in the Persian Campaign and Caucasus Campaign of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I . The armistice was followed by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3 , 1918 , between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers , marking Russia 's exit from World War I . The Ottoman Empire and the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic confronted each other as the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk imposed borders that conflicted with those claimed by each party . The delegation established by Sejm was regarded by the Ottoman Empire as representing , not a state , but instead the peoples of the region . |
Together_We_Are_One | `` Together We Are One '' is a pop song written by Guy Chambers , Delta Goodrem and Brian McFadden , produced by Guy Chambers and Richard Flack for the album Commonwealth Games : Melbourne 2006 Opening Ceremony ( 2006 ) . Due to the positive response that Goodrem received when performing the song live for the 2006 Commonwealth Games , she was then asked to record the song as a commercial single . She states the song is `` for the athletes and all of us to come together and reach for our dreams and goals . '' It was released as a CD single and digital download in Australia on 1 April 2006 and had success on the charts peaking at number two . Goodrem states she was `` honoured '' when she was asked to write a song for the 2006 Commonwealth Games and to take part in the event itself `` was such an amazing experience . '' She states that it is her favourite kind of song to write , with the inspiring lyrics , she says `` When I sat down to write the song I was just hoping it was something that people would enjoy . '' She also wanted to write a tribute to all the participants in the games , `` to say after all the toil , and the blood , sweat and tears , the time has finally arrived for them to be rewarded '' that `` we 're all united by this moment . '' She performed the song live at the 2006 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony on 15 March 2006 which was watched by over four million viewers in Australia . The music video for the single is a montage of Goodrem 's performance at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Opening Ceremony as well as some sporting highlights of the Games . `` Together We Are One '' had commercial success in Australia . In early April 2006 , it debuted at number two on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart , being held off the top spot by `` Flaunt It '' by TV Rock . The single spent seventeen weeks in the top fifty and spent twenty-three weeks in the top one hundred . The Australian Recording Industry Association awarded the single a gold certification for shipping 35,000 copies and went to become the forty-first highest selling single in Australia for 2006 . The song has appeared on the 2006 version of American Idol as a group song for the top five finalists ( Taylor Hicks , Katharine McPhee , Elliott Yamin , Chris Daughtry , and Paris Bennett ) . The Song was again performed on the American Idol Season 9 Finale as a farewell tribute to Simon Cowell together by seven former American Idol champions : Kelly Clarkson , Ruben Studdard , Fantasia Barrino , Carrie Underwood , Jordin Sparks , Taylor Hicks , and Kris Allen and more than 15 past contestants of American Idol . |
Topaz_(Malibu_Comics) | Topaz is a character from Malibu Comics ' series , Ultraforce . She first appeared in Giant-Size Mantra # 1 . Topaz was a warrior Queen from the extradimensional matriarchal realm of Gwendor . A crashed alien spacecraft ( connected to the Entity on the Moon ) created a series of random pan-dimensional gateways , briefly connecting Gwendor to the Ultraverse , and leaving Queen Topaz stranded in a strange world ; one in which males were not properly subservient slaves , but thought themselves equal to or even superior to women , also dominate them into submissive objects . Topaz was outraged by this blasphemous notion , but Pixx of the Ultraforce calmed her by showing her an image of the `` true power behind men '' : Hillary Clinton . Pixx explained that Earth males have fragile egos , and that it was easier for women to let males think they were in charge . Despite the fact that the women lived in a patriarchal system and thus the struggle for equality is not finished . Pixx is shown to be a self-alienate . Topaz , still disturbed by this world 's unnatural order , reflecting that the fact that humans were initially in more matriarchal societies , nonetheless consented to join the Ultraforce , even though it was led by a male ( Hardcase ) . Topaz is a female supremacist ; she believes that males are inherently inferior and becomes quite easily angered when men talk down to women or act chauvinistic . She gets along well with Pixx , but though she initially respected Contrary , she now looks down on her for often using seduction as a way to deal with men . The males on the team are beneath her notice , although she grudgingly starts to respect Hardcase as a warrior . |
Touch_of_Grey | `` Touch of Grey '' is a 1987 single by the Grateful Dead , and is from the album In the Dark . The song is known for its refrain `` I will get by / I will survive '' . It combines quasi-dystopian lyrics with a pop tempo . The music was composed by Jerry Garcia , and the lyrics were written by Robert Hunter . It was also released as a music video , the first one by the Grateful Dead . First performed as an encore on September 15 , 1982 at the Capital Centre in Landover , Maryland , it was finally released on In the Dark in 1987 . The song got into the top 10 on Billboard 's Hot 100 chart , peaking at number 9 , and reached number 1 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , the only song by the band ever to do so on both charts . It was released as a single with `` My Brother Esau '' and later `` Throwing Stones '' , and has appeared on a number of albums and collections . |
TriBeCa_(TV_series) | TriBeCa ( also known as Tribeca ) was a television drama anthology series created by David J. Burke and co-produced with Robert De Niro and Jane Rosenthal for TriBeCa Productions in 1993 that aired on the Fox Network . The series theme song , `` Keep It Going , '' was performed by the alternative hip hop artist Me Phi Me . For his performance in the lead role of Martin McHenry in the season opener , `` The Box , '' Laurence Fishburne won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series . Noted for attracting `` actors , screenwriters and directors of uncommon quality , '' and set in New York City 's lower Manhattan neighborhood of TriBeCa , the series was aired by the Fox Broadcasting Company . The cast , with series regulars Philip Bosco and Joe Morton , included Eli Wallach , Kevin Spacey , Kathleen Quinlan , Melanie Mayron , Judith Malina , Carl Lumbly , Richard Lewis , Carol Kane , Debbie Harry , Dizzy Gillespie and Danny Aiello III . Directors and screenwriters included David J. Burke , Hans Tobeason , John Mankiewicz of the prolific Mankiewicz family , Barry Primus , Bryan Spicer , Jeffrey Solomon and several actors in the series , among others . |
Tropical_Storm_Amelia_(1978) | Tropical Storm Amelia was a weak , poorly organized tropical storm that formed during the 1978 Atlantic hurricane season . It caused a severe flooding disaster in Texas after it dissipated . Amelia developed from a tropical wave that moved through the Atlantic Ocean uneventfully . The disturbance then entered an area of the Gulf of Mexico that was conducive to tropical cyclogenesis and became the first tropical depression of the season , after which it was forecast to make landfall before any significant intensification . However , the tropical depression defied predictions , quickly strengthening into a weak tropical storm just hours before making landfall in Corpus Christi . The storm lasted roughly a day over land before becoming unidentifiable after being active for just under 48 hours . Amelia affected the Texas coast for two days , causing several shipping incidents and minor damage in Corpus Christi and South Padre Island . While active , there were no deaths linked to the storm . However , the biggest impact from the storm followed its dissipation , when its remnants contributed to record rainfall totals over the state . The state , already suffering from a previous drought , believed that the rain would help alleviate the conditions . However , the dry ground aided the flooding from the storm . The rainfall caused several rivers and creeks to flood , especially around the Texas Hill Country and northern Texas , leading to severe damage . Following the storm , President Jimmy Carter declared six counties in the state as federal disaster areas , allowing residents to seek aid from the government . Additional aid was brought in from as far away as New York . Overall , Amelia caused 33 fatalities with an estimated $ 110 million in damages in what then-governor Dolph Briscoe called one of the worst floods in the history of the state . |
Tiberius_Claudius_Narcissus | Tiberius Claudius Narcissus ( fl . 1st century ) was one of the freedmen who formed the core of the imperial court under the Roman emperor Claudius . He is described as praepositus ab epistulis ( in charge of correspondence ) . He reportedly had great influence over the emperor and amassed a great deal of money . He is said to have conspired with Claudius 's third wife Valeria Messalina to manipulate him into having several men executed , although this is unproven . However , the sources admit that Narcissus , as Claudius ' own former slave , was extremely loyal to the emperor , and so entrusted with more responsibility than the others . In 43 , during the preparations for the Roman conquest of Britain , he headed off a mutiny by addressing the troops . Seeing a former slave in their commander 's position , they cried `` Io Saturnalia ! '' ( Saturnalia was a Roman festival when slaves and masters switched places for the day ) and the mutiny ended . It was through his influence that the future emperor Vespasian was appointed legate of the Legio II Augusta in Germania . When Messalina married Gaius Silius in 48 , it was Narcissus who betrayed her with Claudius , and seeing the emperor hesitate , he gave the order for her execution himself . Narcissus may have feared that Britannicus , Claudius 's son with Messalina , would hold a grudge against him for this role . When the time came for the emperor to select his fourth wife , Narcissus suggested to Claudius to remarry Aelia Paetina , the emperor 's second wife . Anthony Barrett suggests that Narcissus ' intention was to allow Claudius reason to pick Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix , the husband of Claudius and Aelia 's daughter Claudia Antonia , as his successor rather than the hostile Britannicus . It would also have given Claudius an adult heir , for which he was looking to shore up his position . When Claudius chose Agrippina the Younger in order to consolidate the Julio-Claudian family , and picked her son , the future Emperor Nero , to fill the role of temporary older heir , Narcissus allied with Britannicus ' circle in order to secure his future . Claudius still trusted Narcissus , and had him named praetor . He was charged with overseeing the construction of a canal to drain Fucine Lake , but Agrippina , now Claudius 's fourth wife , accused him of embezzling funds from the project , possibly as punishment for his support of Britannicus . According to Tacitus , Narcissus hoped to bring down Agrippina by revealing her affair with the freedman Pallas , which would also have destroyed her son . He supposedly told Britannicus of his plans in front of others , and was brazen in his intentions , promising to right all wrongs against him . It has been suggested that this last detail is an example of Tacitus altering facts to make Claudius a passive character in his reign . Suetonius and Dio report that , after reconciling with Brittanicus , Claudius -- not Narcissus -- openly planned to bring Agrippina down . In any case , Agrippina was suspicious of Narcissus and had him sent away to Campania , ostensibly to take advantage of the warm baths there to relieve his gout . This was probably intended to remove him as an obstacle of the assassination of Claudius and the accession of Nero . Agrippina ordered Narcissus ' execution within weeks of Claudius ' death in October , 54 . Shortly after the announcement Narcissus returned to Rome . Just before his imprisonment and execution , he burned all Claudius ' letters to prevent Nero from using their contents for nefarious means . An inscription names his wife as Claudia Dicaeosyna . |
Thunderbirds_(TV_series) | Thunderbirds is a British science-fiction television series created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson , filmed by their production company AP Films ( APF ) and distributed by ITC Entertainment . It was produced between 1964 and 1966 using a form of electronic marionette puppetry ( dubbed `` Supermarionation '' ) combined with scale model special effects sequences . Two series were filmed , comprising a total of 32 episodes . Production ceased after Lew Grade , the Andersons ' financial backer , failed in his efforts to sell the programme to American network television . Set in the mid-2060s , Thunderbirds is a follow-up to the earlier Supermarionation productions Four Feather Falls , Supercar , Fireball XL5 and Stingray . It follows the exploits of International Rescue ( IR ) , a life-saving organisation equipped with technologically-advanced land , sea , air and space rescue craft ; these are headed by a fleet of five vehicles named the Thunderbirds and launched from IR 's secret base in the Pacific Ocean . The main characters are ex-astronaut Jeff Tracy , the founder of IR , and his five adult sons , who pilot the Thunderbird machines . Thunderbirds began its first run in the United Kingdom on the ITV network in 1965 and has since been broadcast in at least 66 other countries . Periodically repeated , it was adapted for radio in the early 1990s and has influenced many TV programmes and other media . As well as inspiring various merchandising campaigns , the series has been followed by two feature-length film sequels , a live-action film adaptation and a mimed stage show tribute . The second of two TV remakes , the computer-animated Thunderbirds Are Go , premiered in 2015 , in honour of the original show 's 50th anniversary . Widely considered to be the Andersons ' most popular and commercially successful series , Thunderbirds has received particular praise for its effects ( directed by Derek Meddings ) and musical score ( composed by Barry Gray ) . It is also well remembered for its title sequence , which opens with an often-quoted countdown by actor Peter Dyneley ( who voiced the character of Jeff ) : `` 5 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 : Thunderbirds Are Go ! '' A real-life rescue service , the International Rescue Corps , is named after the organisation featured in the series . |
Treaty_of_Villeneuve | The Treaty of Villeneuve ( 1372 ) was the definitive agreement that ended the dispute between the House of Anjou and the House of Barcelona over the Kingdom of Sicily that began ninety years earlier in 1282 . Its final form was approved by Pope Gregory XI in a bull issued at Villeneuve-lès-Avignon on 20 August 1372 , and it was ratified by Queen Joan I of Naples and King Frederick IV of Sicily on 31 March 1373 at Aversa , in Joan 's kingdom , in front of the papal legate , Jean de Réveillon , Bishop of Sarlat . In 1266 , Charles , Count of Anjou , took the Kingdom of Sicily by force at the invitation of the pope . The kingdom at that time included the island of Sicily and all of southern Italy . In 1282 , a revolt broke out against the French on Sicily , the so-called Sicilian Vespers . King Peter III of Aragon , who claimed the kingdom as his inheritance through his mother , invaded the island . The protracted War of the Vespers only ended in 1302 with the Peace of Caltabellotta . The treaty divided the kingdom in two : the Kingdom of Sicily ( regnum Siciliae ) was restricted to the mainland and continued to be ruled by the House of Anjou , while the island of Sicily itself became the Kingdom of Trinacria ( regnum Trinacriae ) under the rule of Peter 's son Frederick III . The treaty dictated that Trinacria was to pass to Anjou after Frederick 's death , but it was ignored and the House of Barcelona was still in control of it in 1372 , despite decades of intermittent warfare . Contemporaries distinguished between `` Sicily on this side of and beyond the lighthouse '' ( Sicilia citra et ultra Pharum ) , referring to the Punta del Faro that marked the narrowest width of the Straits of Messina between the island and the mainland . The Italian terms were al di qua del Faro and di la del Faro . Modern historians prefer to label the island kingdom Sicily , and its mainland counterpart the Kingdom of Naples , after its capital city . Negotiations to resolve the Sicilian question were resumed in 1371 , mediated by the Chiaramonti , the most prominent aristocratic family supporting the Aragonese claim in Sicily . In January 1372 , Joan and Frederick signed a preliminary agreement without the approval of Gregory . In February , King Peter IV of Aragon and his queen , Eleanor , sister of Frederick IV , appealed to Pope Gregory , as suzerain over the old , unified Kingdom of Sicily , to invest Eleanor as queen of the island on the grounds that Frederick was incompetent to rule . The Aragonese monarchs even claimed that the Sicilian barons had requested Elearnor be their queen . Although Gregory feared Aragonese intervention , he was more interested in obtaining the military assistance of Naples against his rival Bernabò Visconti , who was meanwhile seeking the alliance of Frederick of Sicily . Some sources even describe the initiative for the settlement as coming from Gregory . In February , the pope proposed that Frederick marry Antoinette des Baux ( Antonietta del Balzo ) , the daughter of Duke Francis of Andria , one of the leading magnates of Joan 's kingdom , to seal the peace between the rivals . In the second half of 1372 , Gregory sent Jean de Réveillon to Naples to sound out Queen Joan about the proposed settlement . Gregory was trying simultaneously to preserve his right to preside over a regency in Sicily , to preserve the church 's freedom from secular interference and to open up Italians markets to Sicilian grain once the papal interdict on Sicily was lifted . He insisted that Frederick should do homage and swear fealty to him as well as to Joan . In this way , the fiction of a unified Kingdom of Sicily could be retained -- since the ruler of the island was a vassal of the ruler of the mainland -- and the papacy 's independent right to interfere in Sicily prevented its domination by the House of Anjou -- to the comfort of Peter and Eleanor of Aragon . The other terms of the treaty approved on 20 August 1372 were that , every year on the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul ( 29 June ) , Frederick was to pay a tribute of three thousand ounces of gold , equivalent to about 15,000 florins ; he was to supply ten war galleys to the Neapolitan fleet ; and he owed Joan servitium ( military service ) , which in practice meant a loan of troops to her army . In return , as per the preliminary agreement , Joan promised not to support or give shelter to any rebel against Frederick , and to intercede with the pope to have the interdict on Sicily lifted and Frederick and his supporters absolved . Gregory 's bull of ratification of affirmed the right of Frederick 's daughter Mary and her descendants to inherit , but since Sicily was regarded a wholly new kingdom , no other relatives of Frederick ( like his sister ) had any rights in it . Frederick was to take the title `` King of Trinacria '' , as in the treaty of 1302 , and Joan had the sole right to the title `` Queen of Sicily '' . The main difference between the agreement confirmed at Villeneuve and that reached at Caltabellotta was that in the former the cession of Sicily was in perpetuity . After the settlement , Bertrand du Mazel was sent to Sicily as papal nuncio . Joan swore to uphold the treaty on 31 March 1373 . On 26 November 1373 , Frederick married Antoinette at Messina , in his kingdom . On 17 December 1373 he swore to the treaty , and on 17 January 1374 he did homage and swore fealty to the pope through the person of the nuncio , who in turn revoked the interdict in December 1374 . Although the pope had taken to calling Frederick regens insule Trincalie ( `` ruler of the island of Trinacria '' ) , he could now call him rex ( king ) . Frederick 's subinfeudation -- he became a vassal of Joan , who was a vassal of the Holy See -- has been seen as humiliating , while other historians argue that his status was enhanced , since by the treaty of Villeneuve he became indisputably sovereign over Sicily . In any case , he soon ignored the annual tribute and the repudiation of the Sicilian title , as did his successors . In 1442 , Alfonso I of Sicily inherited Naples and assumed the title rex Siciliae citra et ultra Farum ( King of Sicily on this side and beyond the lighthouse ) . In 1503 , Ferdinand II modified this to rex Utriusque Siciliae ( King of Both Sicilies ) , and this title continued to be used down to the demise of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1860 . |
Tony_Jones_(wrestler) | Anthony `` Tony '' Jones ( born April 6 , 1971 ) is a retired American professional wrestler who competed in North American independent promotions , specifically California-based All-Pro Wrestling , Ultimate Pro Wrestling and Xtreme Pro Wrestling . He has also had stints in World Wrestling Entertainment in 1998 , 2001 , 2003 , and 2007 although he is best known for his appearance with sometimes tag team partner Mike Modest in Barry Blaustein 's 1999 documentary Beyond the Mat . |
Top_5_Restaurants | Top 5 Restaurants is an American food-themed television series that airs on Food Network . The series is presented by chefs Sunny Anderson and Geoffrey Zakarian ; and it features the chefs counting down the top food items from across the United States that the network 's `` food experts '' were able to find . |