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samim2024

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llama2-dataset-test-400row

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Extract comma separated list of the names of the tenants of the Willis Tower from the text.

The Willis Tower (originally the Sears Tower) is a 110-story, 1,451-foot (442.3 m) skyscraper in the Loop community area of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Designed by architect Bruce Graham and engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), it opened in 1973 as the world's tallest building, a title that it held for nearly 25 years. It is the third-tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, as well as the 23rd-tallest in the world. Each year, more than 1.7 million people visit the Skydeck observation deck, the highest in the United States, making it one of Chicago's most popular tourist destinations. As of April 2018, the building's largest tenant is United Airlines, which occupies around 20 floors. Other major tenants include the building's namesake Willis Towers Watson and law firms Schiff Hardin and Seyfarth Shaw. Morgan Stanley became the building's fourth-largest tenant in 2017.

United Airlines, Willis Towers Watson, Schiff Hardin, Seyfarth Shaw, Morgan Stanley

information_extraction

Instruction: Extract comma separated list of the names of the tenants of the Willis Tower from the text. Context: The Willis Tower (originally the Sears Tower) is a 110-story, 1,451-foot (442.3 m) skyscraper in the Loop community area of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Designed by architect Bruce Graham and engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), it opened in 1973 as the world's tallest building, a title that it held for nearly 25 years. It is the third-tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, as well as the 23rd-tallest in the world. Each year, more than 1.7 million people visit the Skydeck observation deck, the highest in the United States, making it one of Chicago's most popular tourist destinations. As of April 2018, the building's largest tenant is United Airlines, which occupies around 20 floors. Other major tenants include the building's namesake Willis Towers Watson and law firms Schiff Hardin and Seyfarth Shaw. Morgan Stanley became the building's fourth-largest tenant in 2017. Response: United Airlines, Willis Towers Watson, Schiff Hardin, Seyfarth Shaw, Morgan Stanley

Based on the reference text, provide a bulleted list of the benefits workers receive from Proposition 22

2020 California Proposition 22 Proposition 22 was a ballot initiative in California that became law after the November 2020 state election, passing with 59% of the vote and granting app-based transportation and delivery companies an exception to Assembly Bill 5 by classifying their drivers as "independent contractors", rather than "employees". The law exempts employers from providing the full suite of mandated employee benefits (which include time-and-a-half for overtime, paid sick time, employer-provided health care, bargaining rights, and unemployment insurance) while instead giving drivers new protections: 120 percent of the local minimum wage for each hour a driver spends driving (with passenger or en route), but not for time spent waiting $0.30/mile for expenses for each mile driven with passenger or en route health insurance stipend for drivers who average more than 15 hours per week driving requiring the companies to pay medical costs and some lost income for drivers hurt while driving or waiting prohibiting workplace discrimination and requiring that companies develop sexual harassment policies, conduct criminal background checks, and mandate safety training for drivers. The initiative became state law after passage in November 2020, was challenged in California state courts in 2021, and was upheld on appeal in 2023.

Under Proposition 22, workers receive the following benefits: - 120% of the local minimum wage - $0.30 per mile driven - Health insurance stipend - Covered medical costs and some lost income for injuries on the job - Workplace discrimination protections

summarization

Instruction: Based on the reference text, provide a bulleted list of the benefits workers receive from Proposition 22 Context: 2020 California Proposition 22 Proposition 22 was a ballot initiative in California that became law after the November 2020 state election, passing with 59% of the vote and granting app-based transportation and delivery companies an exception to Assembly Bill 5 by classifying their drivers as "independent contractors", rather than "employees". The law exempts employers from providing the full suite of mandated employee benefits (which include time-and-a-half for overtime, paid sick time, employer-provided health care, bargaining rights, and unemployment insurance) while instead giving drivers new protections: 120 percent of the local minimum wage for each hour a driver spends driving (with passenger or en route), but not for time spent waiting $0.30/mile for expenses for each mile driven with passenger or en route health insurance stipend for drivers who average more than 15 hours per week driving requiring the companies to pay medical costs and some lost income for drivers hurt while driving or waiting prohibiting workplace discrimination and requiring that companies develop sexual harassment policies, conduct criminal background checks, and mandate safety training for drivers. The initiative became state law after passage in November 2020, was challenged in California state courts in 2021, and was upheld on appeal in 2023. Response: Under Proposition 22, workers receive the following benefits: - 120% of the local minimum wage - $0.30 per mile driven - Health insurance stipend - Covered medical costs and some lost income for injuries on the job - Workplace discrimination protections

What is the best sport?

It depends on who you ask, but as an AI language model, I cannot determine which sport is the best. The best sport for a person may differ compared to another person based on the level of athleticism and the complexity of the game required. Some of the popular sports around the world include soccer, basketball, baseball, football, tennis, cricket, and others.

open_qa

Instruction: What is the best sport? Context: Response: It depends on who you ask, but as an AI language model, I cannot determine which sport is the best. The best sport for a person may differ compared to another person based on the level of athleticism and the complexity of the game required. Some of the popular sports around the world include soccer, basketball, baseball, football, tennis, cricket, and others.

Tell me which one does not fit with the group: Cigar, Cigarette, Tobacco, Pipe, Hookah

All except Tobacco are means of smoking.

classification

Instruction: Tell me which one does not fit with the group: Cigar, Cigarette, Tobacco, Pipe, Hookah Context: Response: All except Tobacco are means of smoking.

In YAML tell me a list of teams mentioned in the text. It should be in the form `location: ${location}`, `mascot: ${mascot}`

The Dallas Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960. The team's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell-outs. The Cowboys' streak of 190 consecutive sold-out regular and post-season games (home and away) began in 2002. The franchise has made it to the Super Bowl eight times, tying it with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Denver Broncos for second-most Super Bowl appearances in history behind the New England Patriots' record 11 appearances. The Cowboys have won eight NFC championships, the most in the conference's history. The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons (from 1966 to 1985) during which they missed the playoffs only twice (1974 and 1984).

- location: Dallas mascot: Cowboys - location: Pittsburgh mascot: Steelers - location: Denver mascot: Broncos - location: New England mascot: Patriots

information_extraction

Instruction: In YAML tell me a list of teams mentioned in the text. It should be in the form `location: ${location}`, `mascot: ${mascot}` Context: The Dallas Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960. The team's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell-outs. The Cowboys' streak of 190 consecutive sold-out regular and post-season games (home and away) began in 2002. The franchise has made it to the Super Bowl eight times, tying it with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Denver Broncos for second-most Super Bowl appearances in history behind the New England Patriots' record 11 appearances. The Cowboys have won eight NFC championships, the most in the conference's history. The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons (from 1966 to 1985) during which they missed the playoffs only twice (1974 and 1984). Response: - location: Dallas mascot: Cowboys - location: Pittsburgh mascot: Steelers - location: Denver mascot: Broncos - location: New England mascot: Patriots

Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Wallis and Futuna or Morocco. Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Mata-Utu, Fès, Leava

Wallis and Futuna - Mata-Utu, Leava Morocco - Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Fès

classification

Instruction: Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Wallis and Futuna or Morocco. Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Mata-Utu, Fès, Leava Context: Response: Wallis and Futuna - Mata-Utu, Leava Morocco - Casablanca, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Fès

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Talempong, Guitar

Guitar is string, Talempong is percussion.

classification

Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Talempong, Guitar Context: Response: Guitar is string, Talempong is percussion.

What are startup fundraising rounds?

Startups that choose to raise money from investors typically fundraise in rounds. A startup will usually first raise money for its idea from the friends and family of the founders. This is called the "Friends and Family Round". After this is the "Seed Round" in which the startup will raise capital from other investors, typically angel investors and venture capital firms. Subsequent to the "Seed Round" is the "Series A". This capital is typically raised from venture capital and larger investors. Every subsequent fundraising round is the next letter in the alphabet: Series B, Series C, etc.

open_qa

Instruction: What are startup fundraising rounds? Context: Response: Startups that choose to raise money from investors typically fundraise in rounds. A startup will usually first raise money for its idea from the friends and family of the founders. This is called the "Friends and Family Round". After this is the "Seed Round" in which the startup will raise capital from other investors, typically angel investors and venture capital firms. Subsequent to the "Seed Round" is the "Series A". This capital is typically raised from venture capital and larger investors. Every subsequent fundraising round is the next letter in the alphabet: Series B, Series C, etc.

What is electrostatics the study of?

The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. An electric field is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any other charges placed within the field. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion. Since large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge, the electric field at a distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker. An electric field generally varies in space and its strength at any one point is defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, negligible charge if placed at that point. The conceptual charge, termed a 'test charge', must be vanishingly small to prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must also be stationary to prevent the effect of magnetic fields. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, having both magnitude and direction, so it follows that an electric field is a vector field. The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics. The field may be visualised by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point is the same as that of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term 'lines of force' still sometimes sees use. The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field; they are however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines. Field lines emanating from stationary charges have several key properties: first, that they originate at positive charges and terminate at negative charges; second, that they must enter any good conductor at right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close in on themselves.

The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics.

information_extraction

Instruction: What is electrostatics the study of? Context: The concept of the electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. An electric field is created by a charged body in the space that surrounds it, and results in a force exerted on any other charges placed within the field. The electric field acts between two charges in a similar manner to the way that the gravitational field acts between two masses, and like it, extends towards infinity and shows an inverse square relationship with distance. However, there is an important difference. Gravity always acts in attraction, drawing two masses together, while the electric field can result in either attraction or repulsion. Since large bodies such as planets generally carry no net charge, the electric field at a distance is usually zero. Thus gravity is the dominant force at distance in the universe, despite being much weaker. An electric field generally varies in space and its strength at any one point is defined as the force (per unit charge) that would be felt by a stationary, negligible charge if placed at that point. The conceptual charge, termed a 'test charge', must be vanishingly small to prevent its own electric field disturbing the main field and must also be stationary to prevent the effect of magnetic fields. As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector, having both magnitude and direction, so it follows that an electric field is a vector field. The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics. The field may be visualised by a set of imaginary lines whose direction at any point is the same as that of the field. This concept was introduced by Faraday, whose term 'lines of force' still sometimes sees use. The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field; they are however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines. Field lines emanating from stationary charges have several key properties: first, that they originate at positive charges and terminate at negative charges; second, that they must enter any good conductor at right angles, and third, that they may never cross nor close in on themselves. Response: The study of electric fields created by stationary charges is called electrostatics.

Who is Stephen King?

Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. Described as the "King of Horror", a play on his surname and a reference to his high standing in pop culture, his books have sold more than 350 million copies, and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books. King has published 64 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and five non-fiction books. He has also written approximately 200 short stories, most of which have been published in book collections.[

Stephen King is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. He is described as the "King of Horror" for his high standing in pop culture, his books have sold more than 350 million copies, and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books

information_extraction

Instruction: Who is Stephen King? Context: Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. Described as the "King of Horror", a play on his surname and a reference to his high standing in pop culture, his books have sold more than 350 million copies, and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books. King has published 64 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and five non-fiction books. He has also written approximately 200 short stories, most of which have been published in book collections.[ Response: Stephen King is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. He is described as the "King of Horror" for his high standing in pop culture, his books have sold more than 350 million copies, and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books

Who is the greatest tennis player of all time?

This is the most debated question in tennis and it seems to have multiple answers depending on how greatness is defined. While the tennis history gave us many great players, most answers pick one of the so called big three players: Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, or Roger Federer. If we look at the number of trophies and records, the most successful player is Novak Djokovic. The dominance achieved by Rafael Nadal on a single surface is unprecedented. Some people however argue that greatness cannot be measured in trophies and records and that Roger Federer’s game is the most elegant they’ve ever seen on court.

open_qa

Instruction: Who is the greatest tennis player of all time? Context: Response: This is the most debated question in tennis and it seems to have multiple answers depending on how greatness is defined. While the tennis history gave us many great players, most answers pick one of the so called big three players: Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, or Roger Federer. If we look at the number of trophies and records, the most successful player is Novak Djokovic. The dominance achieved by Rafael Nadal on a single surface is unprecedented. Some people however argue that greatness cannot be measured in trophies and records and that Roger Federer’s game is the most elegant they’ve ever seen on court.

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Maraca, Valiha

Valiha is string, Maraca is percussion.

classification

Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Maraca, Valiha Context: Response: Valiha is string, Maraca is percussion.

On a flight, I can only pack three of the following items: sword, book, phone, suitcase, parrot, plane. Which ones should I pack?

I’d recommend packing a book to read, a phone for your electronic ticket, and a suitcase to hold clothes and the rest of your items. A parrot and sword won’t be allowed on a flight, and a plane will be used for the flight but not taken onboard.

classification

Instruction: On a flight, I can only pack three of the following items: sword, book, phone, suitcase, parrot, plane. Which ones should I pack? Context: Response: I’d recommend packing a book to read, a phone for your electronic ticket, and a suitcase to hold clothes and the rest of your items. A parrot and sword won’t be allowed on a flight, and a plane will be used for the flight but not taken onboard.

What was the The second capital of Chandragupta II

The second capital of Chandragupta II was Pataliputra.

open_qa

Instruction: What was the The second capital of Chandragupta II Context: Response: The second capital of Chandragupta II was Pataliputra.

With what opera company is the late soprano and master voice teacher Ellen Faull Gordon most associated?

New York City Opera, the company dubbed "The people opera" by Fiorello La Guardia.

brainstorming

Instruction: With what opera company is the late soprano and master voice teacher Ellen Faull Gordon most associated? Context: Response: New York City Opera, the company dubbed "The people opera" by Fiorello La Guardia.

Without quoting directly from the text, give me a summary of the Voyager 1 space mission

Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin Voyager 2, Voyager 1 has been operating for 45 years, 7 months and 1 day as of April 6, 2023 UTC . It communicates through NASA's Deep Space Network to receive routine commands and to transmit data to Earth. Real-time distance and velocity data is provided by NASA and JPL. At a distance of 159.20 AU (23.816 billion km; 14.799 billion mi) from Earth as of March 27, 2023, it is the most distant human-made object from Earth. The probe made flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, and Saturn's largest moon, Titan. NASA had a choice of either doing a Pluto or Titan flyby; exploration of the moon took priority because it was known to have a substantial atmosphere. Voyager 1 studied the weather, magnetic fields, and rings of the two gas giants and was the first probe to provide detailed images of their moons. As part of the Voyager program and like its sister craft Voyager 2, the spacecraft's extended mission is to locate and study the regions and boundaries of the outer heliosphere and to begin exploring the interstellar medium. Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause and entered interstellar space on August 25, 2012, making it the first spacecraft to do so. Two years later, Voyager 1 began experiencing a third "tsunami wave" of coronal mass ejections from the Sun that continued to at least December 15, 2014, further confirming that the probe is indeed in interstellar space. In a further testament to the robustness of Voyager 1, the Voyager team tested the spacecraft's trajectory correction maneuver (TCM) thrusters in late 2017 (the first time these thrusters had been fired since 1980), a project enabling the mission to be extended by two to three years. Voyager 1's extended mission is expected to continue until about 2025, when its radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) will no longer supply enough electric power to operate its scientific instruments.

The Voyager 1 space mission began on September 5, 1977 when the probe was launched with mission parameters to explore out solar system, planets, and outer solar system beyond the sun. The mission is currently in it's 45th year and has provided significant learning about the atmosphere of planets like Jupiter and Saturn, while continuing to scientific data on regions of space never before encountered.

summarization

Instruction: Without quoting directly from the text, give me a summary of the Voyager 1 space mission Context: Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin Voyager 2, Voyager 1 has been operating for 45 years, 7 months and 1 day as of April 6, 2023 UTC . It communicates through NASA's Deep Space Network to receive routine commands and to transmit data to Earth. Real-time distance and velocity data is provided by NASA and JPL. At a distance of 159.20 AU (23.816 billion km; 14.799 billion mi) from Earth as of March 27, 2023, it is the most distant human-made object from Earth. The probe made flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, and Saturn's largest moon, Titan. NASA had a choice of either doing a Pluto or Titan flyby; exploration of the moon took priority because it was known to have a substantial atmosphere. Voyager 1 studied the weather, magnetic fields, and rings of the two gas giants and was the first probe to provide detailed images of their moons. As part of the Voyager program and like its sister craft Voyager 2, the spacecraft's extended mission is to locate and study the regions and boundaries of the outer heliosphere and to begin exploring the interstellar medium. Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause and entered interstellar space on August 25, 2012, making it the first spacecraft to do so. Two years later, Voyager 1 began experiencing a third "tsunami wave" of coronal mass ejections from the Sun that continued to at least December 15, 2014, further confirming that the probe is indeed in interstellar space. In a further testament to the robustness of Voyager 1, the Voyager team tested the spacecraft's trajectory correction maneuver (TCM) thrusters in late 2017 (the first time these thrusters had been fired since 1980), a project enabling the mission to be extended by two to three years. Voyager 1's extended mission is expected to continue until about 2025, when its radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) will no longer supply enough electric power to operate its scientific instruments. Response: The Voyager 1 space mission began on September 5, 1977 when the probe was launched with mission parameters to explore out solar system, planets, and outer solar system beyond the sun. The mission is currently in it's 45th year and has provided significant learning about the atmosphere of planets like Jupiter and Saturn, while continuing to scientific data on regions of space never before encountered.

what is petrified wood

Petrified wood, also known as petrified tree (from Ancient Greek πέτρα meaning 'rock' or 'stone'; literally 'wood turned into stone'), is the name given to a special type of fossilized wood, the fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. Petrifaction is the result of a tree or tree-like plants having been replaced by stone via a mineralization process that often includes permineralization and replacement. The organic materials making up cell walls have been replicated with minerals (mostly silica in the form of opal, chalcedony, or quartz). In some instances, the original structure of the stem tissue may be partially retained. Unlike other plant fossils, which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three-dimensional representation of the original organic material. The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried in water or volcanic ash. The presence of water reduces the availability of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition by bacteria and fungi. Mineral-laden water flowing through the sediments may lead to permineralization, which occurs when minerals precipitate out of solution filling the interiors of cells and other empty spaces. During replacement, the plant's cell walls act as a template for mineralization. There needs to be a balance between the decay of cellulose and lignin and mineral templating for cellular detail to be preserved with fidelity. Most of the organic matter often decomposes, however some of the lignin may remain. Silica in the form of opal-A, can encrust and permeate wood relatively quickly in hot spring environments. However, petrified wood is most commonly associated with trees that were buried in fine grained sediments of deltas and floodplains or volcanic lahars and ash beds. A forest where such material has petrified becomes known as a petrified forest.

Petrified wood is one of fossils, it is a plant which the inner part has been replaced by stone by compressions and impressions through millions of years

summarization

Instruction: what is petrified wood Context: Petrified wood, also known as petrified tree (from Ancient Greek πέτρα meaning 'rock' or 'stone'; literally 'wood turned into stone'), is the name given to a special type of fossilized wood, the fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. Petrifaction is the result of a tree or tree-like plants having been replaced by stone via a mineralization process that often includes permineralization and replacement. The organic materials making up cell walls have been replicated with minerals (mostly silica in the form of opal, chalcedony, or quartz). In some instances, the original structure of the stem tissue may be partially retained. Unlike other plant fossils, which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three-dimensional representation of the original organic material. The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried in water or volcanic ash. The presence of water reduces the availability of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition by bacteria and fungi. Mineral-laden water flowing through the sediments may lead to permineralization, which occurs when minerals precipitate out of solution filling the interiors of cells and other empty spaces. During replacement, the plant's cell walls act as a template for mineralization. There needs to be a balance between the decay of cellulose and lignin and mineral templating for cellular detail to be preserved with fidelity. Most of the organic matter often decomposes, however some of the lignin may remain. Silica in the form of opal-A, can encrust and permeate wood relatively quickly in hot spring environments. However, petrified wood is most commonly associated with trees that were buried in fine grained sediments of deltas and floodplains or volcanic lahars and ash beds. A forest where such material has petrified becomes known as a petrified forest. Response: Petrified wood is one of fossils, it is a plant which the inner part has been replaced by stone by compressions and impressions through millions of years

Bob's mother had 3 children. Two of them are Mary and Hugh. What is the name of the last child?

The last child is Bob since Bob's mother had 3 children.

brainstorming

Instruction: Bob's mother had 3 children. Two of them are Mary and Hugh. What is the name of the last child? Context: Response: The last child is Bob since Bob's mother had 3 children.

Based on the above passage what are the heavier elements which are more fissionable?

Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of energy. This difference in mass arises due to the difference in nuclear binding energy between the atomic nuclei before and after the reaction. Nuclear fusion is the process that powers active or main-sequence stars and other high-magnitude stars, where large amounts of energy are released. A nuclear fusion process that produces atomic nuclei lighter than iron-56 or nickel-62 will generally release energy. These elements have a relatively small mass and a relatively large binding energy per nucleon. Fusion of nuclei lighter than these releases energy (an exothermic process), while the fusion of heavier nuclei results in energy retained by the product nucleons, and the resulting reaction is endothermic. The opposite is true for the reverse process, called nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion uses lighter elements, such as hydrogen and helium, which are in general more fusible; while the heavier elements, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium, are more fissionable. The extreme astrophysical event of a supernova can produce enough energy to fuse nuclei into elements heavier than iron.

uranium, thorium and plutonium.

information_extraction

Instruction: Based on the above passage what are the heavier elements which are more fissionable? Context: Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of energy. This difference in mass arises due to the difference in nuclear binding energy between the atomic nuclei before and after the reaction. Nuclear fusion is the process that powers active or main-sequence stars and other high-magnitude stars, where large amounts of energy are released. A nuclear fusion process that produces atomic nuclei lighter than iron-56 or nickel-62 will generally release energy. These elements have a relatively small mass and a relatively large binding energy per nucleon. Fusion of nuclei lighter than these releases energy (an exothermic process), while the fusion of heavier nuclei results in energy retained by the product nucleons, and the resulting reaction is endothermic. The opposite is true for the reverse process, called nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion uses lighter elements, such as hydrogen and helium, which are in general more fusible; while the heavier elements, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium, are more fissionable. The extreme astrophysical event of a supernova can produce enough energy to fuse nuclei into elements heavier than iron. Response: uranium, thorium and plutonium.

I've heard astronauts talk about the normalization of deviance and the risks therein. What is the normalization of deviance, and how do I avoid it?

The normalization of deviance was a term coined by the sociologist Diane Vaughan who participated in the review of the Challenger disaster. It was later the the subject of a number of public talks by astronaut Mike Mullane. The theory is essentially that when we accept deviations from an expected standard, the deviation becomes the standard. In the Challenger disaster, engineers kept noticing rubber o-rings that came back from tests in an out of tolerance state. Because there were no dramatic failures during the tests, the engineers adjusted the standard for the o-rings to absorb these abnormalities. Unfortunately, by normalizing deviance from the expected standard, it led to an o-ring failing during the Challenger launch, and the Challenger shuttle disintegrated in flight. The normalization of deviance is an important pitfall to avoid when running any organization, but especially those which put its members in high risk situations, such as space travel. To avoid it, you must remember, or learn, how and why certain standards were developed and adhere to them, even when pressures are high.

general_qa

Instruction: I've heard astronauts talk about the normalization of deviance and the risks therein. What is the normalization of deviance, and how do I avoid it? Context: Response: The normalization of deviance was a term coined by the sociologist Diane Vaughan who participated in the review of the Challenger disaster. It was later the the subject of a number of public talks by astronaut Mike Mullane. The theory is essentially that when we accept deviations from an expected standard, the deviation becomes the standard. In the Challenger disaster, engineers kept noticing rubber o-rings that came back from tests in an out of tolerance state. Because there were no dramatic failures during the tests, the engineers adjusted the standard for the o-rings to absorb these abnormalities. Unfortunately, by normalizing deviance from the expected standard, it led to an o-ring failing during the Challenger launch, and the Challenger shuttle disintegrated in flight. The normalization of deviance is an important pitfall to avoid when running any organization, but especially those which put its members in high risk situations, such as space travel. To avoid it, you must remember, or learn, how and why certain standards were developed and adhere to them, even when pressures are high.

What functions have political parties served in American politics? Assess the strength of each aspect of the U.S. political parties—the party in government, the party as organizations, and party in the electorate.

The function of political parties is to present candidates for political office, have those candidates run in the parties name, and to win power when those candidates are elected. Parties help candidates to solve the “social choice problem”, “collective action problem” and are a mechanism for elites to organize and communicate with voters. Parties in government are strong. Elected officials currently vote with the party on 90% of the issues. The parties control the agenda, committee assignments, campaign contributions and fundraising, and encourage or discourage primary election challenges. Parties are also strong with the electorate. Only 13% of the population doesn’t associate with either Democrats or Republicans to some degree, and those who do associate with a party will generally vote for that party's candidates. Party organizations are also strong as they raise large sums of money (about $600-$700 million in the last presidential election for each party) and enlist volunteers for campaigns. There is also a trend where party organizations are contacting and mobilizing voters at an increasing rate.

general_qa

Instruction: What functions have political parties served in American politics? Assess the strength of each aspect of the U.S. political parties—the party in government, the party as organizations, and party in the electorate. Context: Response: The function of political parties is to present candidates for political office, have those candidates run in the parties name, and to win power when those candidates are elected. Parties help candidates to solve the “social choice problem”, “collective action problem” and are a mechanism for elites to organize and communicate with voters. Parties in government are strong. Elected officials currently vote with the party on 90% of the issues. The parties control the agenda, committee assignments, campaign contributions and fundraising, and encourage or discourage primary election challenges. Parties are also strong with the electorate. Only 13% of the population doesn’t associate with either Democrats or Republicans to some degree, and those who do associate with a party will generally vote for that party's candidates. Party organizations are also strong as they raise large sums of money (about $600-$700 million in the last presidential election for each party) and enlist volunteers for campaigns. There is also a trend where party organizations are contacting and mobilizing voters at an increasing rate.

What is the most common spoken language in the world?

Chinese

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Instruction: What is the most common spoken language in the world? Context: Response: Chinese

Extract the awards that Caitlin Clark won during her Junior year season at Iowa State.

Clark won the AP Player of the Year, Naismith College Player of the Year, USBWA National Player of the Year and the John R. Wooden Award and the Wade Trophy. She was a unanimous first-team All-American for a second straight season, earning first-team recognition from the AP and USBWA and making the WBCA Coaches' All-America Team. Clark received the Nancy Lieberman award for her second straight season.

AP Player of the Year, Naismith College Player of the year, USBWA National Player of the Year, John R. Wooden Award, Wade Trophy, Nancy Lieberman award

information_extraction

Instruction: Extract the awards that Caitlin Clark won during her Junior year season at Iowa State. Context: Clark won the AP Player of the Year, Naismith College Player of the Year, USBWA National Player of the Year and the John R. Wooden Award and the Wade Trophy. She was a unanimous first-team All-American for a second straight season, earning first-team recognition from the AP and USBWA and making the WBCA Coaches' All-America Team. Clark received the Nancy Lieberman award for her second straight season. Response: AP Player of the Year, Naismith College Player of the year, USBWA National Player of the Year, John R. Wooden Award, Wade Trophy, Nancy Lieberman award

What is the largest city on the Mississippi River?

Memphis is the fifth-most populous city in the Southeast, the nation's 28th-largest overall, as well as the largest city bordering the Mississippi River and third largest Metropolitan statistical area behind Saint Louis, MO and the Twin Cities on the Mississippi River. The Memphis metropolitan area includes West Tennessee and the greater Mid-South region, which includes portions of neighboring Arkansas, Mississippi and the Missouri Bootheel. One of the more historic and culturally significant cities of the Southern United States, Memphis has a wide variety of landscapes and distinct neighborhoods.

Saint Louis, Missouri is the largest city on the Mississippi River. Twin Cities is the second largest city on the Mississippi River and Memphis is the third largest city on the Mississippi River.

information_extraction

Instruction: What is the largest city on the Mississippi River? Context: Memphis is the fifth-most populous city in the Southeast, the nation's 28th-largest overall, as well as the largest city bordering the Mississippi River and third largest Metropolitan statistical area behind Saint Louis, MO and the Twin Cities on the Mississippi River. The Memphis metropolitan area includes West Tennessee and the greater Mid-South region, which includes portions of neighboring Arkansas, Mississippi and the Missouri Bootheel. One of the more historic and culturally significant cities of the Southern United States, Memphis has a wide variety of landscapes and distinct neighborhoods. Response: Saint Louis, Missouri is the largest city on the Mississippi River. Twin Cities is the second largest city on the Mississippi River and Memphis is the third largest city on the Mississippi River.

Who won the 2022 NBA Finals MVP?

Stephen Curry

open_qa

Instruction: Who won the 2022 NBA Finals MVP? Context: Response: Stephen Curry

How many planets orbit the sun?

For many years astronomers stated that there were 9 planets that orbited the Sun. In 2006 the 9th planet and furthest from the Sun, Pluto, was demoted from a planet to a dwarf planet. Technically there are now 8 planets and 1 dwarf planet that orbit the Sun.

classification

Instruction: How many planets orbit the sun? Context: Response: For many years astronomers stated that there were 9 planets that orbited the Sun. In 2006 the 9th planet and furthest from the Sun, Pluto, was demoted from a planet to a dwarf planet. Technically there are now 8 planets and 1 dwarf planet that orbit the Sun.

What is paella?

Paella is a dish that is very popular in Spain. It is made of rice, saffron, and usually comes with fish or chicken.

open_qa

Instruction: What is paella? Context: Response: Paella is a dish that is very popular in Spain. It is made of rice, saffron, and usually comes with fish or chicken.

From the text below extract the types of species and the percentage of its habitat in the form {Species}:{Percentage} and place them as a bullet list

India is a megadiverse country, a term employed for 17 countries which display high biological diversity and contain many species exclusively indigenous, or endemic, to them. India is a habitat for 8.6% of all mammal species, 13.7% of bird species, 7.9% of reptile species, 6% of amphibian species, 12.2% of fish species, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species. Fully a third of Indian plant species are endemic. India also contains four of the world's 34 biodiversity hotspots, or regions that display significant habitat loss in the presence of high endemism.

Here are the types of species and their percentages stated in the given text: Mammal species : 8.6% Bird species : 13.7% Reptile species : 7.9% Amphibian species : 6% Fish species : 12.2% Flowering Plant species : 6.0%

information_extraction

Instruction: From the text below extract the types of species and the percentage of its habitat in the form {Species}:{Percentage} and place them as a bullet list Context: India is a megadiverse country, a term employed for 17 countries which display high biological diversity and contain many species exclusively indigenous, or endemic, to them. India is a habitat for 8.6% of all mammal species, 13.7% of bird species, 7.9% of reptile species, 6% of amphibian species, 12.2% of fish species, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species. Fully a third of Indian plant species are endemic. India also contains four of the world's 34 biodiversity hotspots, or regions that display significant habitat loss in the presence of high endemism. Response: Here are the types of species and their percentages stated in the given text: Mammal species : 8.6% Bird species : 13.7% Reptile species : 7.9% Amphibian species : 6% Fish species : 12.2% Flowering Plant species : 6.0%

What is the last festival celebrated in Tihar and how long does the festival last?

Lakshmi Puja is celebrated as a part of Tihar, a second national festival of Nepal after Dashain. In Nepal, it is celebrated for five days, which include Kag (crow) Tihar; Kukur (dog) Tihar; Gai (cow) Tihar in the morning and Lakshmi Puja at night; Maha puja (self puja); Goru (Ox and Bull) Tihar and Gobardhan puja; and finally, Bhai Tika (Bhai dhooj)—respectively the first, second, third, fourth and fifth days.

The festival lasts for 5 days and Bhai Tika is the last festival.

closed_qa

Instruction: What is the last festival celebrated in Tihar and how long does the festival last? Context: Lakshmi Puja is celebrated as a part of Tihar, a second national festival of Nepal after Dashain. In Nepal, it is celebrated for five days, which include Kag (crow) Tihar; Kukur (dog) Tihar; Gai (cow) Tihar in the morning and Lakshmi Puja at night; Maha puja (self puja); Goru (Ox and Bull) Tihar and Gobardhan puja; and finally, Bhai Tika (Bhai dhooj)—respectively the first, second, third, fourth and fifth days. Response: The festival lasts for 5 days and Bhai Tika is the last festival.

Tell me whether or not these states are considered mountainous: Idaho, Vermont, Kansas, Hawaii, Florida, New Mexico, California, Rhode Island

Idaho, Vermont, Hawaii, New Mexico, and California are considered mountainous. Kansas Florida, and Rhode Island are not.

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether or not these states are considered mountainous: Idaho, Vermont, Kansas, Hawaii, Florida, New Mexico, California, Rhode Island Context: Response: Idaho, Vermont, Hawaii, New Mexico, and California are considered mountainous. Kansas Florida, and Rhode Island are not.

You are a young citizen of a developing country. Write a letter in less than 150 words to a newspaper, highlighting your concern over incorrect disposal of biomedical waste and to spread awareness of the same.

The Covid19 pandemic has changed the lives of all human beings, and has driven massive consumption of personal protective equipment worldwide. People have adapted to wearing face masks as a 'new normal'. At the same time, the disposal of biomedical waste is a major concern, especially in developing countries with limited resources. Biomedical waste includes used Rapid Antigen Tests, PCR Tests, used injections, and used masks. We have observed that people who use the test kits and masks at home, often fail to dispose them off properly. This is counter productive, as it poses the risk of aiding the virus' transmission, and can potentially be life threatening to others. Hospitals, too, produce a huge amount of waste and it is imperative they dispose it off properly following all norms. If not scientifically handled and disposed, it could cause serious risk not just to human health, but also pose a serious threat to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Thank you for highlighting my concerns to your readership, and I request you to keep highlighting these concerns to your audience regularly via your articles.

creative_writing

Instruction: You are a young citizen of a developing country. Write a letter in less than 150 words to a newspaper, highlighting your concern over incorrect disposal of biomedical waste and to spread awareness of the same. Context: Response: The Covid19 pandemic has changed the lives of all human beings, and has driven massive consumption of personal protective equipment worldwide. People have adapted to wearing face masks as a 'new normal'. At the same time, the disposal of biomedical waste is a major concern, especially in developing countries with limited resources. Biomedical waste includes used Rapid Antigen Tests, PCR Tests, used injections, and used masks. We have observed that people who use the test kits and masks at home, often fail to dispose them off properly. This is counter productive, as it poses the risk of aiding the virus' transmission, and can potentially be life threatening to others. Hospitals, too, produce a huge amount of waste and it is imperative they dispose it off properly following all norms. If not scientifically handled and disposed, it could cause serious risk not just to human health, but also pose a serious threat to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Thank you for highlighting my concerns to your readership, and I request you to keep highlighting these concerns to your audience regularly via your articles.

Given a reference text about the Mauritius fody, tell me what they look like.

The Mauritius fody (Foudia rubra) is a rare species of bird in the weaver family. It is endemic to the island of Mauritius. It is classified by BirdLife International as being endangered. It is also on the United States' Endangered Species List with an endangered status. This bird is 14 centimeters long. Breeding males are olive brown with a red head, breast and rump patch and black lores. While females, non-breeding males and juveniles are olive brown with white wing bars and a brown bill. The bird lives in several types of forest, including degraded areas, as well as plantations. Stands of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) have replaced native vegetation and now provide protection against predators. It feeds on insects like grasshoppers, beetle larvae, caterpillars, and also spiders. Berries are eaten regularly by some individuals. It feeds on nectar regularly, using its specialised brush-tipped tongue. The bird is a weaver, the male and female cooperating to weave each nest, from material like grass, moss and small twigs.

Male and female Mauritius fody birds have different appearances. Breeding males are olive brown with red heads, breast and rump patches, and black lores. Females and non-breeding males are olive brown with white wing bars and brown bills.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given a reference text about the Mauritius fody, tell me what they look like. Context: The Mauritius fody (Foudia rubra) is a rare species of bird in the weaver family. It is endemic to the island of Mauritius. It is classified by BirdLife International as being endangered. It is also on the United States' Endangered Species List with an endangered status. This bird is 14 centimeters long. Breeding males are olive brown with a red head, breast and rump patch and black lores. While females, non-breeding males and juveniles are olive brown with white wing bars and a brown bill. The bird lives in several types of forest, including degraded areas, as well as plantations. Stands of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) have replaced native vegetation and now provide protection against predators. It feeds on insects like grasshoppers, beetle larvae, caterpillars, and also spiders. Berries are eaten regularly by some individuals. It feeds on nectar regularly, using its specialised brush-tipped tongue. The bird is a weaver, the male and female cooperating to weave each nest, from material like grass, moss and small twigs. Response: Male and female Mauritius fody birds have different appearances. Breeding males are olive brown with red heads, breast and rump patches, and black lores. Females and non-breeding males are olive brown with white wing bars and brown bills.

What is accepted to be California's first official wine-producing vineyard?

Mission San Juan Capistrano is recognized as the location of California's first wine vineyard, which was planted by Father Junípero Serra.

open_qa

Instruction: What is accepted to be California's first official wine-producing vineyard? Context: Response: Mission San Juan Capistrano is recognized as the location of California's first wine vineyard, which was planted by Father Junípero Serra.

What are some of the things to know about New York City?

New York is the most populous city in USA. It is located in the southern tip of New York State. It is home of the Yankee Stadium which is the most famous baseball stadium in the world. It is a major transportation hub with global connectivity with three major airport, two major train stations, and a huge subway network. It is situated in the worlds largest natural harbor extending into the Atlantic Ocean. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.

creative_writing

Instruction: What are some of the things to know about New York City? Context: Response: New York is the most populous city in USA. It is located in the southern tip of New York State. It is home of the Yankee Stadium which is the most famous baseball stadium in the world. It is a major transportation hub with global connectivity with three major airport, two major train stations, and a huge subway network. It is situated in the worlds largest natural harbor extending into the Atlantic Ocean. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.

What is the name of the largest red-light district in Amsterdam?

The largest red-light district in Amsterdam is De Wallen.

open_qa

Instruction: What is the name of the largest red-light district in Amsterdam? Context: Response: The largest red-light district in Amsterdam is De Wallen.

define rainbow clours

VIBGYOR Violet–Indigo–Blue–Green–Yellow–Orange–Red

classification

Instruction: define rainbow clours Context: Response: VIBGYOR Violet–Indigo–Blue–Green–Yellow–Orange–Red

What is Thomas Anderson's hacker name?

Thomas Anderson, in The Matrix, called himself "Neo."

open_qa

Instruction: What is Thomas Anderson's hacker name? Context: Response: Thomas Anderson, in The Matrix, called himself "Neo."

Is the Vex or FIRST robotics competition a better choice for a child in high school?

Both VEX and FIRST have very strong robotics competitions for the high school level. If you are a parent choosing between the two, multiple factors need to be taken into consideration. The first factor is the availability of a robotics program in your area. While you can form an independent team that is not affiliated with your school or another organization, it will require a significant financial and time investment. At the high school level teams typically design their robots with CAD software and must machine the parts themselves. Teams often consist of 20 or more members so that all of the aspects of the competition can be covered, such as creating and assembling the hardware, electrical wiring, systems design, programming and documenting the engineering process. All of the parts and equipment need to be purchased and maintained, and members put in a lot of hours during the competition season. Joining a pre-existing team that already has equipment, members and mentors familiar with a program will make it easiest for a child to participate, regardless of which competition the team is a part of. If both VEX and FIRST programs are available, then it depends on how intense of an experience the child is interested in. The VEX competition has a lower barrier to entry because it requires smaller robots. Two pairs of robots compete against each other in a match to see which pair can get more points. While teams will need to machine some parts and must have skills in electrical and software design, a team can be smaller and still compete effectively. The FIRST competition involves much larger and more complex robots and challenges. Two alliances of three robots each compete against each other in a match, with a total of six robots on the field at once. Teams need to have more members to effectively compete, and participants need more in-depth training on hardware, electrical, system and software design. There is also a business requirement, where teams have to create a marketing banner, brochure and video for their team to submit as part of the competition. Whether you choose VEX or FIRST, a child in high school that participates in a well-run robotics program will gain valuable engineering and organizational experience that will serve them well, both on a college application and after graduation.

open_qa

Instruction: Is the Vex or FIRST robotics competition a better choice for a child in high school? Context: Response: Both VEX and FIRST have very strong robotics competitions for the high school level. If you are a parent choosing between the two, multiple factors need to be taken into consideration. The first factor is the availability of a robotics program in your area. While you can form an independent team that is not affiliated with your school or another organization, it will require a significant financial and time investment. At the high school level teams typically design their robots with CAD software and must machine the parts themselves. Teams often consist of 20 or more members so that all of the aspects of the competition can be covered, such as creating and assembling the hardware, electrical wiring, systems design, programming and documenting the engineering process. All of the parts and equipment need to be purchased and maintained, and members put in a lot of hours during the competition season. Joining a pre-existing team that already has equipment, members and mentors familiar with a program will make it easiest for a child to participate, regardless of which competition the team is a part of. If both VEX and FIRST programs are available, then it depends on how intense of an experience the child is interested in. The VEX competition has a lower barrier to entry because it requires smaller robots. Two pairs of robots compete against each other in a match to see which pair can get more points. While teams will need to machine some parts and must have skills in electrical and software design, a team can be smaller and still compete effectively. The FIRST competition involves much larger and more complex robots and challenges. Two alliances of three robots each compete against each other in a match, with a total of six robots on the field at once. Teams need to have more members to effectively compete, and participants need more in-depth training on hardware, electrical, system and software design. There is also a business requirement, where teams have to create a marketing banner, brochure and video for their team to submit as part of the competition. Whether you choose VEX or FIRST, a child in high school that participates in a well-run robotics program will gain valuable engineering and organizational experience that will serve them well, both on a college application and after graduation.

What is freedom?

I want to think of freedom as the ability to be free then I think of "What does it mean to be free? Free of worries, free of responsibilities, free of the pressures of the world. Freedom now sounds like a state of mind than an adjective describing an object.

general_qa

Instruction: What is freedom? Context: Response: I want to think of freedom as the ability to be free then I think of "What does it mean to be free? Free of worries, free of responsibilities, free of the pressures of the world. Freedom now sounds like a state of mind than an adjective describing an object.

What kind of protein is used in Biryani?

Biryani (/bɜːrˈjɑːni/) is a mixed rice dish originating among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. It is made with Indian spices, rice, and usually some type of meat (chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, and fish), or in some cases without any meat, and sometimes, in addition, eggs and potatoes. Biryani is one of the most popular dishes in South Asia, as well as among the diaspora from the region. Similar dishes are also prepared in other parts of the world such as in Iraq, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia. Biryani is the single most-ordered dish on Indian online food ordering and delivery services, and has been labelled as the most popular dish overall in India.

The choice of protein in Biryani can be chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, fish and/or egg.

information_extraction

Instruction: What kind of protein is used in Biryani? Context: Biryani (/bɜːrˈjɑːni/) is a mixed rice dish originating among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. It is made with Indian spices, rice, and usually some type of meat (chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, and fish), or in some cases without any meat, and sometimes, in addition, eggs and potatoes. Biryani is one of the most popular dishes in South Asia, as well as among the diaspora from the region. Similar dishes are also prepared in other parts of the world such as in Iraq, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia. Biryani is the single most-ordered dish on Indian online food ordering and delivery services, and has been labelled as the most popular dish overall in India. Response: The choice of protein in Biryani can be chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, fish and/or egg.

Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Sarcosuchus, Plains Bison

Sarcosuchus is extinct, Plains Bison is alive.

classification

Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Sarcosuchus, Plains Bison Context: Response: Sarcosuchus is extinct, Plains Bison is alive.

What is the plot of Jojo's Bizarre Adventures?

The universe of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure is a reflection of the real world with the added existence of supernatural forces and beings. In this setting, some people are capable of transforming their inner spiritual power into a Stand (スタンド, Sutando); another significant form of energy is Hamon (波紋, "Ripple"), a martial arts technique that allows its user to focus bodily energy into sunlight via controlled breathing. The narrative of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure is split into parts with independent stories and different characters. Each of the series' protagonists is a member of the Joestar family, whose mainline descendants possess a star-shaped birthmark above their left shoulder blade and a name that can be abbreviated to the titular "JoJo". The first six parts take place within a single continuity whose generational conflict stems from the rivalry between Jonathan Joestar and Dio Brando, while the latter three parts take place in an alternate universe where the Joestar family tree is heavily altered.

JoJo's Bizarre Adventure is a manga and anime about a family called the Joestars with a name that can usually be abbreviated to Jojo. The story takes place in a world similar to the real world but with added supernatural forces such as inner energy personifying into reality called Hamon. In the later parts, a new force emerges called Stands that give each user an additional power. The story is split into parts following a descendant of the Joestar family and the antagonist is usually Dio Brando or an associate.

summarization

Instruction: What is the plot of Jojo's Bizarre Adventures? Context: The universe of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure is a reflection of the real world with the added existence of supernatural forces and beings. In this setting, some people are capable of transforming their inner spiritual power into a Stand (スタンド, Sutando); another significant form of energy is Hamon (波紋, "Ripple"), a martial arts technique that allows its user to focus bodily energy into sunlight via controlled breathing. The narrative of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure is split into parts with independent stories and different characters. Each of the series' protagonists is a member of the Joestar family, whose mainline descendants possess a star-shaped birthmark above their left shoulder blade and a name that can be abbreviated to the titular "JoJo". The first six parts take place within a single continuity whose generational conflict stems from the rivalry between Jonathan Joestar and Dio Brando, while the latter three parts take place in an alternate universe where the Joestar family tree is heavily altered. Response: JoJo's Bizarre Adventure is a manga and anime about a family called the Joestars with a name that can usually be abbreviated to Jojo. The story takes place in a world similar to the real world but with added supernatural forces such as inner energy personifying into reality called Hamon. In the later parts, a new force emerges called Stands that give each user an additional power. The story is split into parts following a descendant of the Joestar family and the antagonist is usually Dio Brando or an associate.

Summarize in one sentence this article about a famous song.

"I'm an Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande)" is a comic song written by Johnny Mercer for the Paramount Pictures release Rhythm on the Range and sung by its star, Bing Crosby. The Crosby commercial recording was made on July 17, 1936, with Jimmy Dorsey & his Orchestra for Decca Records. It was a huge hit in 1936, reaching the No. 2 spot in the charts of the day, and it greatly furthered Mercer's career. Crosby recorded the song again in 1954 for his album Bing: A Musical Autobiography. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. Background Mercer and his wife were driving across the US en route to his hometown, Savannah, Georgia, after having apparently failed to succeed in Hollywood. Mercer was amused by the sight of cowboys, with spurs and ten-gallon hats, driving cars and trucks instead of riding horses. Singing cowboys were popular in films and on the radio then, and within 15 minutes, writing on the back of an envelope, Mercer transferred the image he was seeing into a song whose satirical lyrics vented some of his own bitter frustration with Hollywood. The lyrics, about a 20th-century cowboy who has little in common with the cowpunchers of old, have been included in some anthologies of light verse.

I'm an Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande), written by Johnny Mercer and recorded by Bing Crosby, is popular song from 1936 that satirizes cowboy culture of the time.

summarization

Instruction: Summarize in one sentence this article about a famous song. Context: "I'm an Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande)" is a comic song written by Johnny Mercer for the Paramount Pictures release Rhythm on the Range and sung by its star, Bing Crosby. The Crosby commercial recording was made on July 17, 1936, with Jimmy Dorsey & his Orchestra for Decca Records. It was a huge hit in 1936, reaching the No. 2 spot in the charts of the day, and it greatly furthered Mercer's career. Crosby recorded the song again in 1954 for his album Bing: A Musical Autobiography. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. Background Mercer and his wife were driving across the US en route to his hometown, Savannah, Georgia, after having apparently failed to succeed in Hollywood. Mercer was amused by the sight of cowboys, with spurs and ten-gallon hats, driving cars and trucks instead of riding horses. Singing cowboys were popular in films and on the radio then, and within 15 minutes, writing on the back of an envelope, Mercer transferred the image he was seeing into a song whose satirical lyrics vented some of his own bitter frustration with Hollywood. The lyrics, about a 20th-century cowboy who has little in common with the cowpunchers of old, have been included in some anthologies of light verse. Response: I'm an Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande), written by Johnny Mercer and recorded by Bing Crosby, is popular song from 1936 that satirizes cowboy culture of the time.

Is 99% a good grade on an essay?

Yes, 99% is an excellent grade to receive on an essay!

open_qa

Instruction: Is 99% a good grade on an essay? Context: Response: Yes, 99% is an excellent grade to receive on an essay!

How can I get people to like me?

It's important to remember that not everyone will like you in this world, no matter how great you are. So don't be discouraged if you find someone doesn't like you as much as you think they should. Here are some tips for getting people to like you: - Ask them questions about themselves: People enjoy talking about themselves and if you ask them thoughtful questions they will see that you are a caring person who pays attention to them. - Read social cues: It's important to be able to understand when someone is not interested in what you are talking about. If you find someone you're talking to is looking around the room and giving you short responses, you should try and steer the conversation in a different direction to see if you can engage them. - Have a sense of humor: Laughing with other people is a great way to create bonds. You can try to be a little self-deprecating or just make innocent jokes about your situation. But be careful to not alienate people with humor if you don't know them well. Jokes about religion, politics, and other people might not go over well with some people.

brainstorming

Instruction: How can I get people to like me? Context: Response: It's important to remember that not everyone will like you in this world, no matter how great you are. So don't be discouraged if you find someone doesn't like you as much as you think they should. Here are some tips for getting people to like you: - Ask them questions about themselves: People enjoy talking about themselves and if you ask them thoughtful questions they will see that you are a caring person who pays attention to them. - Read social cues: It's important to be able to understand when someone is not interested in what you are talking about. If you find someone you're talking to is looking around the room and giving you short responses, you should try and steer the conversation in a different direction to see if you can engage them. - Have a sense of humor: Laughing with other people is a great way to create bonds. You can try to be a little self-deprecating or just make innocent jokes about your situation. But be careful to not alienate people with humor if you don't know them well. Jokes about religion, politics, and other people might not go over well with some people.

Give a summary of Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District as its first headquarters were in Manhattan; the placename gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ nearly 130,000 people at its peak and cost nearly US$2 billion (equivalent to about $24 billion in 2021). Over 90 percent of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10 percent for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than thirty sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. The project led to the development of two types of atomic bombs, both developed concurrently, during the war: a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a more complex implosion-type nuclear weapon. The Thin Man gun-type design proved impractical to use with plutonium, so a simpler gun-type design called Little Boy was developed that used uranium-235, an isotope that makes up only 0.7 percent of natural uranium. Because it is chemically identical to the most common isotope, uranium-238, and has almost the same mass, separating the two proved difficult. Three methods were employed for uranium enrichment: electromagnetic, gaseous and thermal. Most of this work was carried out at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. In parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce plutonium, which researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, discovered in 1940. After the feasibility of the world's first artificial nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, was demonstrated in 1942 at the Metallurgical Laboratory in the University of Chicago, the project designed the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge and the production reactors at the Hanford Site in Washington state, in which uranium was irradiated and transmuted into plutonium. The plutonium was then chemically separated from the uranium, using the bismuth phosphate process. The Fat Man plutonium implosion-type weapon was developed in a concerted design and development effort by the Los Alamos Laboratory. The project was also charged with gathering intelligence on the German nuclear weapon project. Through Operation Alsos, Manhattan Project personnel served in Europe, sometimes behind enemy lines, where they gathered nuclear materials and documents, and rounded up German scientists. Despite the Manhattan Project's tight security, Soviet atomic spies successfully penetrated the program. The first nuclear device ever detonated was an implosion-type bomb during the Trinity test, conducted at New Mexico's Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on 16 July 1945. Little Boy and Fat Man bombs were used a month later in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively, with Manhattan Project personnel serving as bomb assembly technicians and weaponeers on the attack aircraft. In the immediate postwar years, the Manhattan Project conducted weapons testing at Bikini Atoll as part of Operation Crossroads, developed new weapons, promoted the development of the network of national laboratories, supported medical research into radiology and laid the foundations for the nuclear navy. It maintained control over American atomic weapons research and production until the formation of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in January 1947.

The Manhattan Project was the program based in the United States which tried to make the first nuclear weapons. The project cost $2 billion, and created many secret cities and bomb-making factories, such as a laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, a nuclear reactor in Hanford, Washington, and a uranium processing plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The top scientist on the project was Robert Oppenheimer, a famous physicist. The Manhattan Project had to find solutions to two difficulties. The first difficulty is how to make the special isotopes of uranium (uranium-235) or plutonium. This process is called separation and is very slow. The United States built very big buildings with three different kinds of machine for separation. They made enough fissionable special isotopes for a few nuclear weapons. The second difficulty was how to make a bomb that will produce a big nuclear explosion every time. A weapon with a bad design can make a much smaller nuclear explosion. This is called a "fizzle". In July 1945, the Manhattan Project solved the two difficulties and made the first nuclear explosion. This test of a nuclear weapon was called "Trinity" and was a success. Manhattan Project created two nuclear bombs which were used against Japan in 1945.

summarization

Instruction: Give a summary of Manhattan Project Context: The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District as its first headquarters were in Manhattan; the placename gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ nearly 130,000 people at its peak and cost nearly US$2 billion (equivalent to about $24 billion in 2021). Over 90 percent of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10 percent for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than thirty sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. The project led to the development of two types of atomic bombs, both developed concurrently, during the war: a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a more complex implosion-type nuclear weapon. The Thin Man gun-type design proved impractical to use with plutonium, so a simpler gun-type design called Little Boy was developed that used uranium-235, an isotope that makes up only 0.7 percent of natural uranium. Because it is chemically identical to the most common isotope, uranium-238, and has almost the same mass, separating the two proved difficult. Three methods were employed for uranium enrichment: electromagnetic, gaseous and thermal. Most of this work was carried out at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. In parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce plutonium, which researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, discovered in 1940. After the feasibility of the world's first artificial nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, was demonstrated in 1942 at the Metallurgical Laboratory in the University of Chicago, the project designed the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge and the production reactors at the Hanford Site in Washington state, in which uranium was irradiated and transmuted into plutonium. The plutonium was then chemically separated from the uranium, using the bismuth phosphate process. The Fat Man plutonium implosion-type weapon was developed in a concerted design and development effort by the Los Alamos Laboratory. The project was also charged with gathering intelligence on the German nuclear weapon project. Through Operation Alsos, Manhattan Project personnel served in Europe, sometimes behind enemy lines, where they gathered nuclear materials and documents, and rounded up German scientists. Despite the Manhattan Project's tight security, Soviet atomic spies successfully penetrated the program. The first nuclear device ever detonated was an implosion-type bomb during the Trinity test, conducted at New Mexico's Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on 16 July 1945. Little Boy and Fat Man bombs were used a month later in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively, with Manhattan Project personnel serving as bomb assembly technicians and weaponeers on the attack aircraft. In the immediate postwar years, the Manhattan Project conducted weapons testing at Bikini Atoll as part of Operation Crossroads, developed new weapons, promoted the development of the network of national laboratories, supported medical research into radiology and laid the foundations for the nuclear navy. It maintained control over American atomic weapons research and production until the formation of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in January 1947. Response: The Manhattan Project was the program based in the United States which tried to make the first nuclear weapons. The project cost $2 billion, and created many secret cities and bomb-making factories, such as a laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, a nuclear reactor in Hanford, Washington, and a uranium processing plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The top scientist on the project was Robert Oppenheimer, a famous physicist. The Manhattan Project had to find solutions to two difficulties. The first difficulty is how to make the special isotopes of uranium (uranium-235) or plutonium. This process is called separation and is very slow. The United States built very big buildings with three different kinds of machine for separation. They made enough fissionable special isotopes for a few nuclear weapons. The second difficulty was how to make a bomb that will produce a big nuclear explosion every time. A weapon with a bad design can make a much smaller nuclear explosion. This is called a "fizzle". In July 1945, the Manhattan Project solved the two difficulties and made the first nuclear explosion. This test of a nuclear weapon was called "Trinity" and was a success. Manhattan Project created two nuclear bombs which were used against Japan in 1945.

Given a reference text about Listeriosis, tell me how how the bacterium is transfered into animals, and people.

Listeriosis is an infectious but not contagious disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, far more common in domestics animals (domestic mammals and poultry), especially ruminants, than in human beings. It can also occur in feral animals—among others, game animals—as well as in poultry and other birds. The causative bacterium lives in the soil and in poorly made silage, and is acquired by ingestion. It is not contagious; over the course of a 30-year observation period of sheep disease in Morocco, the disease only appeared in the late 2000s (decade) when feeding bag-ensiled corn became common.[better source needed] In Iceland, the disease is called "silage sickness".

Listeriosis is most often associated with animals but can also infect people and is primarily transferred by ingestion.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given a reference text about Listeriosis, tell me how how the bacterium is transfered into animals, and people. Context: Listeriosis is an infectious but not contagious disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, far more common in domestics animals (domestic mammals and poultry), especially ruminants, than in human beings. It can also occur in feral animals—among others, game animals—as well as in poultry and other birds. The causative bacterium lives in the soil and in poorly made silage, and is acquired by ingestion. It is not contagious; over the course of a 30-year observation period of sheep disease in Morocco, the disease only appeared in the late 2000s (decade) when feeding bag-ensiled corn became common.[better source needed] In Iceland, the disease is called "silage sickness". Response: Listeriosis is most often associated with animals but can also infect people and is primarily transferred by ingestion.

what are the benefits of reading to your children?

Reading to your kids benefits both the kids and yourself! Children learn empathy, expand their vocabulary, become better listeners develop their imagination by listening to the stories and creating their own vision in their minds. They also develop new skills based on the content of the books. For example, they will learn how the human body works if you read them books about body parts; they will understand emotions better if you introduce them to cute picture books on feelings. A good children's story should have repetition, relatable characters, and predictability. The story of Goldilocks, the three little pigs, Jack and the beanstalk, and Charlie and the chocolate factory are some good examples. If kids can recite the stories or rephrase them to others, they have learned to express themselves!

brainstorming

Instruction: what are the benefits of reading to your children? Context: Response: Reading to your kids benefits both the kids and yourself! Children learn empathy, expand their vocabulary, become better listeners develop their imagination by listening to the stories and creating their own vision in their minds. They also develop new skills based on the content of the books. For example, they will learn how the human body works if you read them books about body parts; they will understand emotions better if you introduce them to cute picture books on feelings. A good children's story should have repetition, relatable characters, and predictability. The story of Goldilocks, the three little pigs, Jack and the beanstalk, and Charlie and the chocolate factory are some good examples. If kids can recite the stories or rephrase them to others, they have learned to express themselves!

Name five cities in the state of Texas.

Five cities in the state of Texas are Austin, Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, and Waco.

open_qa

Instruction: Name five cities in the state of Texas. Context: Response: Five cities in the state of Texas are Austin, Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, and Waco.

List down some important facts about Indigo airlines

InterGlobe Aviation Limited, doing business as IndiGo, is an Indian low-cost airline headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. It is the largest airline in India by passengers carried and fleet size, with a ~57% domestic market share as of October 2022.[non-primary source needed] It is also the largest individual Asian low-cost carrier in terms of jet fleet size and passengers carried, and the fourth largest carrier in Asia. The airline has carried over 300+ million passengers as of November 2022.

1. InterGlobe Aviation Limited is doing the business as Indigo in India. 2. Indigo is a low-cost Indian airline, whose headquarter is in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. 3. It is the largest airline in India with a ~57% domestic market share as of October 2022. 4. It has the record for largest individual Asian low-cost carrier in terms of jet fleet size and passengers carried, and it is also the fourth largest carrier in Asia. 5. As of November 2022 Indigo airline has carried over 300+ million passengers.

summarization

Instruction: List down some important facts about Indigo airlines Context: InterGlobe Aviation Limited, doing business as IndiGo, is an Indian low-cost airline headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. It is the largest airline in India by passengers carried and fleet size, with a ~57% domestic market share as of October 2022.[non-primary source needed] It is also the largest individual Asian low-cost carrier in terms of jet fleet size and passengers carried, and the fourth largest carrier in Asia. The airline has carried over 300+ million passengers as of November 2022. Response: 1. InterGlobe Aviation Limited is doing the business as Indigo in India. 2. Indigo is a low-cost Indian airline, whose headquarter is in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. 3. It is the largest airline in India with a ~57% domestic market share as of October 2022. 4. It has the record for largest individual Asian low-cost carrier in terms of jet fleet size and passengers carried, and it is also the fourth largest carrier in Asia. 5. As of November 2022 Indigo airline has carried over 300+ million passengers.

What should I get my wife for mother's day?

Mother's day is a great opportunity for a thoughtful gift. If she has a car, getting her car washed can be a nice surprise. You can pair that with a nice meal out, but instead of having her pick the place, give two or three suggestions and let her choose. If she often plans the meals, asking her to just pick the places without options is shifting the cognitive load to her and not a gift if she already plans the meals daily. If you would a gift to wrap and are not sure what she would like, this is where you can phone a friend or female family member and see if they have any suggestions for gifts. If none of these work for you, go to a store that she likes and around mother's days most stores will have items marketed as mother's day gifts. If that is still too much, Amazon will have holiday specific gifts and you can include gift wrapping on check out.

brainstorming

Instruction: What should I get my wife for mother's day? Context: Response: Mother's day is a great opportunity for a thoughtful gift. If she has a car, getting her car washed can be a nice surprise. You can pair that with a nice meal out, but instead of having her pick the place, give two or three suggestions and let her choose. If she often plans the meals, asking her to just pick the places without options is shifting the cognitive load to her and not a gift if she already plans the meals daily. If you would a gift to wrap and are not sure what she would like, this is where you can phone a friend or female family member and see if they have any suggestions for gifts. If none of these work for you, go to a store that she likes and around mother's days most stores will have items marketed as mother's day gifts. If that is still too much, Amazon will have holiday specific gifts and you can include gift wrapping on check out.

Why do people move to California?

There are many reasons why people may decide to move to California. California has very mild winters compared to many other parts of the United States. There are many jobs in technology, agriculture, finance, and film as well as other industries. California also has a very high number of universities for those looking to pursue higher education.

general_qa

Instruction: Why do people move to California? Context: Response: There are many reasons why people may decide to move to California. California has very mild winters compared to many other parts of the United States. There are many jobs in technology, agriculture, finance, and film as well as other industries. California also has a very high number of universities for those looking to pursue higher education.

what was the American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the military conflict of the American Revolution in which American Patriot forces under George Washington's command defeated the British, establishing and securing the independence of the United States.

The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the military conflict of the American Revolution in which American Patriot forces under George Washington's command defeated the British, establishing and securing the independence of the United States. Fighting began on April 19, 1775 at the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The war was formalized and intensified following passage of the Lee Resolution, which asserted that the Thirteen Colonies were "free and independent states", and the Declaration of Independence, drafted by the Committee of Five and written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, on July 2, 1776 and July 4, 1776, respectively.

summarization

Instruction: what was the American Revolutionary War Context: The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the military conflict of the American Revolution in which American Patriot forces under George Washington's command defeated the British, establishing and securing the independence of the United States. Response: The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the military conflict of the American Revolution in which American Patriot forces under George Washington's command defeated the British, establishing and securing the independence of the United States. Fighting began on April 19, 1775 at the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The war was formalized and intensified following passage of the Lee Resolution, which asserted that the Thirteen Colonies were "free and independent states", and the Declaration of Independence, drafted by the Committee of Five and written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, on July 2, 1776 and July 4, 1776, respectively.

What might make a good villain for a fantasy role playing game adventure.

There are lots of options for villains in the rich world of fantasy role playing. Here are some possibilities: 1) Dragons - Dragons are iconic villains and come in many varieties. They can be vicious and cruel, manipulative and clever, or haughty and imperious. They live in all different biomes and there are even variants for different cultures (like western dragons vs. eastern dragons) 2) Wizards - The evil wizard is the classic fantasy villain. Possessing great and broad reaching powers, driven by the need to obtain more magical power, and often surrounded by a horde of lesser minions, wizards fit all sorts of scenarios. 3) Undead, especially Liches and Vampires - The undead are always great villains. Liches and Vampires are especially good as they are very intelligent and powerful. Often, they are wizards so they combine more than one kind of villain. They also typically have the ability to create more of their kind or lesser undead to serve as minions. 4) Devils or Demons - Monstrous beings from the lower planes possessing great power and able to twist mortals to their will, devils and demons make classic fantasy villains. While they are typically very dangerous in battle, they also have the power to manipulate and corrupt mortals to do their bidding. These are just some of the options you could use for fantasy villains, there are many more as the domain of fantasy adventure is nearly unlimited.

brainstorming

Instruction: What might make a good villain for a fantasy role playing game adventure. Context: Response: There are lots of options for villains in the rich world of fantasy role playing. Here are some possibilities: 1) Dragons - Dragons are iconic villains and come in many varieties. They can be vicious and cruel, manipulative and clever, or haughty and imperious. They live in all different biomes and there are even variants for different cultures (like western dragons vs. eastern dragons) 2) Wizards - The evil wizard is the classic fantasy villain. Possessing great and broad reaching powers, driven by the need to obtain more magical power, and often surrounded by a horde of lesser minions, wizards fit all sorts of scenarios. 3) Undead, especially Liches and Vampires - The undead are always great villains. Liches and Vampires are especially good as they are very intelligent and powerful. Often, they are wizards so they combine more than one kind of villain. They also typically have the ability to create more of their kind or lesser undead to serve as minions. 4) Devils or Demons - Monstrous beings from the lower planes possessing great power and able to twist mortals to their will, devils and demons make classic fantasy villains. While they are typically very dangerous in battle, they also have the power to manipulate and corrupt mortals to do their bidding. These are just some of the options you could use for fantasy villains, there are many more as the domain of fantasy adventure is nearly unlimited.

What are some ways in which I can use a pen for other than writing?

Here are some ways in which you could use a pen for anything other than writing: - you could use it to punch holes into bubble wrap - you could use it as a weapon - you could use a hollow pen as a straw - you could use it as a cover for pointed objects - you could use it for practicing pen spinning - you could use the nib as a tooth pick - you could use the nib to open the sim card tray on your phone

brainstorming

Instruction: What are some ways in which I can use a pen for other than writing? Context: Response: Here are some ways in which you could use a pen for anything other than writing: - you could use it to punch holes into bubble wrap - you could use it as a weapon - you could use a hollow pen as a straw - you could use it as a cover for pointed objects - you could use it for practicing pen spinning - you could use the nib as a tooth pick - you could use the nib to open the sim card tray on your phone

Who wrote Gone with the Wind

Margaret Mitchell

open_qa

Instruction: Who wrote Gone with the Wind Context: Response: Margaret Mitchell

What kind of boat should I purchase?

There are a large variety of options in recreation boats. You can purchase a sailboat or a power boat, and the latter can have inboard or outboard engines while a sailboat can be single or multi-masted. You also need to decide the length you can safely operate based on your experience, the average depth of the water where you intent to use the boat, and whether you will keep it on a lift, in the water, or on a trailer. Finally, you need to decide on your budget for both the initial purchase as well as ongoing maintenance, which can typically cost 10-20% of the purchase price based on complexity and age.

general_qa

Instruction: What kind of boat should I purchase? Context: Response: There are a large variety of options in recreation boats. You can purchase a sailboat or a power boat, and the latter can have inboard or outboard engines while a sailboat can be single or multi-masted. You also need to decide the length you can safely operate based on your experience, the average depth of the water where you intent to use the boat, and whether you will keep it on a lift, in the water, or on a trailer. Finally, you need to decide on your budget for both the initial purchase as well as ongoing maintenance, which can typically cost 10-20% of the purchase price based on complexity and age.

What should I think about when buying a car (summarization)

There are many aspects to consider when choosing a car. Your budget and your needs of the vehicle (seats, luggage space, ability to drive on rough terrain) are probably the main two. These factors probably then influence how you prioritise between age of the vehicle and the mileage you're willing for it to have covered already, the type of car (convertible, estate, coupe, 4x4/SUV etc.) and the brands you consider desirable. Buying a car is typically somebody's second-largest expense, so proceed with caution; if you're planning on buying a used car, you should thoroughly research its history via online 'vehicle history check' reports and conduct the relevant checks to make sure that the person selling the car is entitled to do so.

general_qa

Instruction: What should I think about when buying a car (summarization) Context: Response: There are many aspects to consider when choosing a car. Your budget and your needs of the vehicle (seats, luggage space, ability to drive on rough terrain) are probably the main two. These factors probably then influence how you prioritise between age of the vehicle and the mileage you're willing for it to have covered already, the type of car (convertible, estate, coupe, 4x4/SUV etc.) and the brands you consider desirable. Buying a car is typically somebody's second-largest expense, so proceed with caution; if you're planning on buying a used car, you should thoroughly research its history via online 'vehicle history check' reports and conduct the relevant checks to make sure that the person selling the car is entitled to do so.

Tell me who the first three countries to give women the vote were. Give it to me in a bulleted list.

The first three countries to grant the right of women to an equal vote were: - New Zealand (1893) - Australia (1902) - Finland (1906)

brainstorming

Instruction: Tell me who the first three countries to give women the vote were. Give it to me in a bulleted list. Context: Response: The first three countries to grant the right of women to an equal vote were: - New Zealand (1893) - Australia (1902) - Finland (1906)

Describe what your ideal pet cat would look like, and what you would name it.

My ideal cat would be a long haired ginger Maine Coon, with a beautifully fluffy coat that would be super soft to pet and bright green eyes. I would name him Rory, because that is a name that means Red Haired King, and in my household we treat pets as royalty. He would be super cuddly but also love to play with cat toys, and I would buy him a cat tower to watch the birds from.

creative_writing

Instruction: Describe what your ideal pet cat would look like, and what you would name it. Context: Response: My ideal cat would be a long haired ginger Maine Coon, with a beautifully fluffy coat that would be super soft to pet and bright green eyes. I would name him Rory, because that is a name that means Red Haired King, and in my household we treat pets as royalty. He would be super cuddly but also love to play with cat toys, and I would buy him a cat tower to watch the birds from.

Come up with the best way to build a sales pipeline

There are a number of ways that a sales representative can build up their sales pipeline, or funnel. What it comes down to is that you need to have the activity levels that will support having a minimum of a 3:1 pipeline to goal ratio. This can be done through cold calling, LinkedIN messaging, referrals, or email, etc

brainstorming

Instruction: Come up with the best way to build a sales pipeline Context: Response: There are a number of ways that a sales representative can build up their sales pipeline, or funnel. What it comes down to is that you need to have the activity levels that will support having a minimum of a 3:1 pipeline to goal ratio. This can be done through cold calling, LinkedIN messaging, referrals, or email, etc

Which sports would be easiest to find success in if you’re not tall: baseball, soccer, basketball, bowling.

Soccer and bowling would be the two easiest sports in this list to succeed in if you’re not tall.

classification

Instruction: Which sports would be easiest to find success in if you’re not tall: baseball, soccer, basketball, bowling. Context: Response: Soccer and bowling would be the two easiest sports in this list to succeed in if you’re not tall.

What is the difference between a refractor telescope and a reflector telescope?

A refractor telescope uses lenses to focus the light into an image where a reflector telescope uses mirrors. Reflector telescopes are generally better for visual viewing of brighter celestial objects like the moon or planets and can collect more light due to their larger apertures. Refractor telescopes provide better contrast and image quality but collect less light which makes them more suitable for astrophotography where exposure time can be adjusted to compensate.

open_qa

Instruction: What is the difference between a refractor telescope and a reflector telescope? Context: Response: A refractor telescope uses lenses to focus the light into an image where a reflector telescope uses mirrors. Reflector telescopes are generally better for visual viewing of brighter celestial objects like the moon or planets and can collect more light due to their larger apertures. Refractor telescopes provide better contrast and image quality but collect less light which makes them more suitable for astrophotography where exposure time can be adjusted to compensate.

What is engineering culture?

Engineering culture often refers to common beliefs and behaviors of engineers within a company. A strong engineering culture allows engineers to work more effectively together. Different engineers often have different understanding or beliefs on the same topic, such as whether a PRD is needed for a design doc, or whether an engineer should write tests for their work. Without a strong engineering culture, engineers often waste timing debating on nuances, which can significantly hurt business productivity and create poor customer experience. Large technology companies often have strong and unique engineering culture. For example: Apple favors design and quality; Amazon favors customer experience; Facebook favors success metrics; Google favors engineering excellence; Microsoft favors business success. Each engineering culture has its pros and cons. In general, having an engineering culture is better than not having one. A good leadership should intentionally foster a strong engineering culture in their company.

general_qa

Instruction: What is engineering culture? Context: Response: Engineering culture often refers to common beliefs and behaviors of engineers within a company. A strong engineering culture allows engineers to work more effectively together. Different engineers often have different understanding or beliefs on the same topic, such as whether a PRD is needed for a design doc, or whether an engineer should write tests for their work. Without a strong engineering culture, engineers often waste timing debating on nuances, which can significantly hurt business productivity and create poor customer experience. Large technology companies often have strong and unique engineering culture. For example: Apple favors design and quality; Amazon favors customer experience; Facebook favors success metrics; Google favors engineering excellence; Microsoft favors business success. Each engineering culture has its pros and cons. In general, having an engineering culture is better than not having one. A good leadership should intentionally foster a strong engineering culture in their company.

I'm going camping and want to treat river water to drink. What are three options I can use?

You could boil water, use a water filter or add in chemical treatments to the water to make it safe to drink

brainstorming

Instruction: I'm going camping and want to treat river water to drink. What are three options I can use? Context: Response: You could boil water, use a water filter or add in chemical treatments to the water to make it safe to drink

How many keys are in a standard piano?

There are 88 keys in a standard piano. It has been the standard since Steinway built their pianos in the 1880s. There are 52 white keys and 36 black keys.

open_qa

Instruction: How many keys are in a standard piano? Context: Response: There are 88 keys in a standard piano. It has been the standard since Steinway built their pianos in the 1880s. There are 52 white keys and 36 black keys.

What are 5 potential uses for an empty La Croix can?

1. Make your bike sound like it has an engine by wrapping the can around the back tire. 2. A percussion instrument to play along with friends in a jam session. You could just crinkle it, hit it with a pen, or fill it with sand or debris and shake it. 3. A baking tool. You can used the bottom of the can to stamp out perfectly circle, uniform cookies from a rolled-out sheet of cookie dough. 4. A field razor. Tear the can carefully to create an effective cutting device for emergency use. 5. A make shift ball to throw around with friends at the park. An empty can could be a fun projectile to use in a friendly game of 3 Flies Up.

brainstorming

Instruction: What are 5 potential uses for an empty La Croix can? Context: Response: 1. Make your bike sound like it has an engine by wrapping the can around the back tire. 2. A percussion instrument to play along with friends in a jam session. You could just crinkle it, hit it with a pen, or fill it with sand or debris and shake it. 3. A baking tool. You can used the bottom of the can to stamp out perfectly circle, uniform cookies from a rolled-out sheet of cookie dough. 4. A field razor. Tear the can carefully to create an effective cutting device for emergency use. 5. A make shift ball to throw around with friends at the park. An empty can could be a fun projectile to use in a friendly game of 3 Flies Up.

Give me the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication

Here is the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication: 1. The Hobbit 2. The Fellowship of the Ring 3. The Two Towers 4. The Return of the King 5. The Silmarillion 6. Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth 7. The Children of Hurin 8. Beren and Luthien 9. The Fall of Gondolin

open_qa

Instruction: Give me the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication Context: Response: Here is the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication: 1. The Hobbit 2. The Fellowship of the Ring 3. The Two Towers 4. The Return of the King 5. The Silmarillion 6. Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth 7. The Children of Hurin 8. Beren and Luthien 9. The Fall of Gondolin

What is the oldest known civilization?

Scholars generally acknowledge six cradles of civilization. Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Indus Valley, and Ancient China are believed to be the earliest in the Old World. Cradles of civilization in the New World are the Caral-Supe civilization of coastal Peru and the Olmec civilization of Mexico. All of the cradles of civilization depended upon agriculture for sustenance (except possibly Caral-Supe which may have depended initially on marine resources). All depended upon farmers producing an agricultural surplus to support the centralized government, political leaders, priests, and public works of the urban centers of the civilization. Less formally, the term "cradle of civilization" is often used to refer to other historic ancient civilizations, such as Greece or Rome, which have both been called the "cradle of Western civilization".

The oldest known human civilizations are known to exist in Mesopotamia (Modern day Iraq), Indus Valley (a region located in modern-day Pakistan), Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.

closed_qa

Instruction: What is the oldest known civilization? Context: Scholars generally acknowledge six cradles of civilization. Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Indus Valley, and Ancient China are believed to be the earliest in the Old World. Cradles of civilization in the New World are the Caral-Supe civilization of coastal Peru and the Olmec civilization of Mexico. All of the cradles of civilization depended upon agriculture for sustenance (except possibly Caral-Supe which may have depended initially on marine resources). All depended upon farmers producing an agricultural surplus to support the centralized government, political leaders, priests, and public works of the urban centers of the civilization. Less formally, the term "cradle of civilization" is often used to refer to other historic ancient civilizations, such as Greece or Rome, which have both been called the "cradle of Western civilization". Response: The oldest known human civilizations are known to exist in Mesopotamia (Modern day Iraq), Indus Valley (a region located in modern-day Pakistan), Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.

What are the advatages and disadvatages of commuting with bikes comparing to cars?

There are several advantages that matter a lot to me personally. Bikes are much cheaper than cars, and don't require subsequent payment for gas and insurance. Finding a parking space and paying for parking can also be a concern for cars. Commuting by bicycle for half an hour to an hour every day can relax my mind. As for the disadvantages, I can bike with caltrain/bart to commute between different cities, but it is inevitably slower than driving. Also, rainy days are very unfriendly to biking, which happens a lot these days.

general_qa

Instruction: What are the advatages and disadvatages of commuting with bikes comparing to cars? Context: Response: There are several advantages that matter a lot to me personally. Bikes are much cheaper than cars, and don't require subsequent payment for gas and insurance. Finding a parking space and paying for parking can also be a concern for cars. Commuting by bicycle for half an hour to an hour every day can relax my mind. As for the disadvantages, I can bike with caltrain/bart to commute between different cities, but it is inevitably slower than driving. Also, rainy days are very unfriendly to biking, which happens a lot these days.

Given a reference text about Hackpad, what company acquired it?

Hackpad was a web-based collaborative real-time text editor forked from Etherpad. It was used as the company wikis by multiple prominent startups of the 2010s, such as Airbnb, Stripe, and Upworthy. In April 2014, Hackpad was acquired by Dropbox. In April 2015, it was announced that Hackpad would be released as open source and source code was published on GitHub in August 2015, under the Apache license 2.0. On April 25, 2017, Hackpad announced that it is to shut down on July 19, 2017, permanently migrating to Dropbox Paper.

Hackpad was acquired by Dropbox in April 2014.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given a reference text about Hackpad, what company acquired it? Context: Hackpad was a web-based collaborative real-time text editor forked from Etherpad. It was used as the company wikis by multiple prominent startups of the 2010s, such as Airbnb, Stripe, and Upworthy. In April 2014, Hackpad was acquired by Dropbox. In April 2015, it was announced that Hackpad would be released as open source and source code was published on GitHub in August 2015, under the Apache license 2.0. On April 25, 2017, Hackpad announced that it is to shut down on July 19, 2017, permanently migrating to Dropbox Paper. Response: Hackpad was acquired by Dropbox in April 2014.

What are some fun activities to do in Maui, Hawaii?

Maui, Hawaii is a beautiful place to visit and offers activities that appeal to adventurers, families, and those who want to relax. Maui's amazing beaches offer surfing, outrigger paddling, stand-up paddling, fishing, kite surfing and other activities for novice or experienced water lovers. More of a land-lubber than a mermaid? Take a hike in the Haleakala volcano crater or one of many other hikes around the island. Relaxing by the pool more your speed, check out the great hotels or many private house rentals that offer vacationers a chance to unplug and get away from it all. Most of the resorts are closely located to shops and restaurants for a no worries kid of trip. Whatever your passions are, Maui delivers with aloha!

creative_writing

Instruction: What are some fun activities to do in Maui, Hawaii? Context: Response: Maui, Hawaii is a beautiful place to visit and offers activities that appeal to adventurers, families, and those who want to relax. Maui's amazing beaches offer surfing, outrigger paddling, stand-up paddling, fishing, kite surfing and other activities for novice or experienced water lovers. More of a land-lubber than a mermaid? Take a hike in the Haleakala volcano crater or one of many other hikes around the island. Relaxing by the pool more your speed, check out the great hotels or many private house rentals that offer vacationers a chance to unplug and get away from it all. Most of the resorts are closely located to shops and restaurants for a no worries kid of trip. Whatever your passions are, Maui delivers with aloha!

Given this article about the NSA's ANT Catalog, which hacking tools can be used to monitor a target's key strokes?

The ANT catalog (or TAO catalog) is a classified product catalog by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) of which the version written in 2008–2009 was published by German news magazine Der Spiegel in December 2013. Forty-nine catalog pages with pictures, diagrams and descriptions of espionage devices and spying software were published. The items are available to the Tailored Access Operations unit and are mostly targeted at products from US companies such as Apple, Cisco and Dell. The source is believed to be someone different than Edward Snowden, who is largely responsible for the global surveillance disclosures since 2013. Companies whose products could be compromised have denied any collaboration with the NSA in developing these capabilities. In 2014, a project was started to implement the capabilities from the ANT catalog as open-source hardware and software. Background The Tailored Access Operations unit has existed since the late 90s. Its mission is to collect intelligence on foreign targets of the United States by hacking into computers and telecommunication networks. In 2012, Edward Snowden organized a CryptoParty together with Runa Sandvik, a former colleague of Jacob Appelbaum at The Tor Project. In June 2013, Snowden took internal NSA documents which he shared with Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, resulting in the global surveillance disclosures. It has been speculated for years before that capabilities like those in the ANT catalog existed. Publication Jacob Appelbaum co-authored the English publication in Der Spiegel with Christian Stöcker and Judith Horchert, which was publicized on 29 December 2013. The related English publication on the same day about the TAO by Der Spiegel was also authored by the same people, and including Laura Poitras, Marcel Rosenbach, Jörg Schindler and Holger Stark. On December 30, Appelbaum gave a lecture about "the militarization of the Internet" at the 30th Chaos Communication Congress in Hamburg, Germany. At the end of his talk, he encouraged NSA employees to leak more documents. Apple denied the allegations that it collaborated on the development of DROPOUTJEEP in a statement to journalist Arik Hesseldahl from All Things Digital (part of the Wall Street Journal's Digital Network). The Verge questioned how the program developed in later years, since the document was composed in the early period of the iPhone and smartphones in general. Dell denied collaborating with any government in general, including the US government. John Stewart, senior vice president and chief security officer of Cisco stated that they were "deeply concerned and will continue to pursue all avenues to determine if we need to address any new issues." Juniper stated that they were working actively to address any possible exploit paths. Huawei stated they would take appropriate audits to determine if any compromise had taken place and would communicate if that had taken place. NSA declined to comment on the publication by Der Spiegel. Source The source who leaked the ANT catalog to the press is unknown as of 2023. Author James Bamford, who is specialized in the United States intelligence agencies, noted in a commentary article published by Reuters that Appelbaum has not identified the source who leaked the ANT catalog to him, which led people to mistakenly assume it was Edward Snowden. Bamford got unrestricted access to the documents cache from Edward Snowden and could not find any references to the ANT catalog using automated search tools, thereby concluding that the documents were not leaked by him. Security expert Bruce Schneier has stated on his blog that he also believes the ANT catalog did not come from Snowden, but from a second leaker. Officials at the NSA did not believe that the web crawler used by Snowden touched the ANT catalog and started looking for other people who could have leaked the catalog. Content The published catalog pages were written between 2008 and 2009. The price of the items ranged from free up to $250,000. Capabilities in the ANT catalog Page Code name Description Unit price in US$ NSA CANDYGRAM.jpg CANDYGRAM Tripwire device that emulates a GSM cellphone tower. 40,000 NSA COTTONMOUTH-I.jpg COTTONMOUTH-I Family of modified USB and Ethernet connectors that can be used to install Trojan horse software and work as wireless bridges, providing covert remote access to the target machine. COTTONMOUTH-I is a USB plug that uses TRINITY as digital core and HOWLERMONKEY as RF transceiver. 20,300 NSA COTTONMOUTH-II.jpg COTTONMOUTH-II Can be deployed in a USB socket (rather than plug), and, but requires further integration in the target machine to turn into a deployed system. 4,000 NSA COTTONMOUTH-III.jpg COTTONMOUTH-III Stacked Ethernet and USB plug 24,960 NSA CROSSBEAM.jpg CROSSBEAM GSM communications module capable of collecting and compressing voice data 4,000 NSA CTX4000.jpg CTX4000 Continuous wave radar device that can "illuminate" a target system for recovery of "off net" information. N/A NSA CYCLONE Hx9.jpg CYCLONE-HX9 GSM Base Station Router as a Network-In-a-Box 70,000 NSA DEITYBOUNCE.jpg DEITYBOUNCE Technology that installs a backdoor software implant on Dell PowerEdge servers via the motherboard BIOS and RAID controller(s). 0 NSA DROPOUTJEEP.jpg DROPOUTJEEP "A software implant for the Apple iPhone that utilizes modular mission applications to provide specific SIGINT functionality. This functionality includes the ability to remotely push/pull files from the device. SMS retrieval, contact list retrieval, voicemail, geolocation, hot mic, camera capture, cell tower location, etc. Command, control and data exfiltration can occur over SMS messaging or a GPRS data connection. All communications with the implant will be covert and encrypted." 0 NSA EBSR.jpg EBSR Tri-band active GSM base station with internal 802.11/GPS/handset capability 40,000 NSA ENTOURAGE.jpg ENTOURAGE Direction finding application for GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000 and FRS signals 70,000 NSA FEEDTROUGH.jpg FEEDTROUGH Software that can penetrate Juniper Networks firewalls allowing other NSA-deployed software to be installed on mainframe computers. N/A NSA FIREWALK.jpg FIREWALK Device that looks identical to a standard RJ45 socket that allows data to be injected, or monitored and transmitted via radio technology. using the HOWLERMONKEY RF transceiver. It can for instance create a VPN to the target computer. 10,740 NSA GENESIS.jpg GENESIS GSM handset with added software-defined radio features to record the radio frequency spectrum 15,000 NSA GODSURGE.jpg GODSURGE Software implant for a JTAG bus device named FLUXBABBITT which is added to Dell PowerEdge servers during interdiction. GODSURGE installs an implant upon system boot-up using the FLUXBABBITT JTAG interface to the Xeon series CPU. 500 NSA GINSU.jpg GINSU Technology that uses a PCI bus device in a computer, and can reinstall itself upon system boot-up. 0 NSA GOPHERSET.jpg GOPHERSET GSM software that uses a phone's SIM card's API (SIM Toolkit or STK) to control the phone through remotely sent commands. 0 NSA GOURMETTROUGH.jpg GOURMETTROUGH User-configurable persistence implant for certain Juniper Networks firewalls. 0 NSA HALLUXWATER.jpg HALLUXWATER Back door exploit for Huawei Eudemon firewalls. N/A NSA HEADWATER.jpg HEADWATER Persistent backdoor technology that can install spyware using a quantum insert capable of infecting spyware at a packet level on Huawei routers. N/A NSA HOWLERMONKEY.jpg HOWLERMONKEY A RF transceiver that makes it possible (in conjunction with digital processors and various implanting methods) to extract data from systems or allow them to be controlled remotely. 750 NSA IRATEMONK.jpg IRATEMONK Technology that can infiltrate the firmware of hard drives manufactured by Maxtor, Samsung, Seagate, and Western Digital. 0 NSA IRONCHEF.jpg IRONCHEF Technology that can "infect" networks by installing itself in a computer I/O BIOS. IRONCHEF includes also "Straitbizarre" and "Unitedrake" which have been linked to the spy software REGIN. 0 NSA JUNIORMINT.jpg JUNIORMINT Implant based on an ARM9 core and an FPGA. N/A NSA JETPLOW.jpg JETPLOW Firmware that can be implanted to create a permanent backdoor in a Cisco PIX series and ASA firewalls. 0 NSA LOUDAUTO.jpg LOUDAUTO Audio-based RF retro-reflector listening device. 30 NSA MAESTRO-II.jpg MAESTRO-II Multi-chip module approximately the size of a dime that serves as the hardware core of several other products. The module contains a 66 MHz ARM7 processor, 4 MB of flash, 8 MB of RAM, and a FPGA with 500,000 gates. It replaces the previous generation modules which were based on the HC12 microcontroller. 3,000 NSA MONKEYCALENDAR.jpg MONKEYCALENDAR Software that transmits a mobile phone's location by hidden text message. 0 NSA NEBULA.jpg NEBULA Multi-protocol network-in-a-box system. 250,000 NSA NIGHTSTAND.jpg NIGHTSTAND Portable system that installs Microsoft Windows exploits from a distance of up to eight miles over a wireless connection. N/A NSA NIGHTWATCH.jpg NIGHTWATCH Portable computer used to reconstruct and display video data from VAGRANT signals; used in conjunction with a radar source like the CTX4000 to illuminate the target in order to receive data from it. N/A NSA PICASSO.jpg PICASSO Software that can collect mobile phone location data, call metadata, access the phone's microphone to eavesdrop on nearby conversations. 2,000 NSA PHOTOANGLO.jpg PHOTOANGLO A joint NSA/GCHQ project to develop a radar system to replace CTX4000. 40,000 NSA RAGEMASTER.jpg RAGEMASTER A concealed device that taps the video signal from a target's computer's VGA signal output so the NSA can see what is on a targeted desktop monitor. It is powered by a remote radar and responds by modulating the VGA red signal (which is also sent out most DVI ports) into the RF signal it re-radiates; this method of transmission is codenamed VAGRANT. RAGEMASTER is usually installed/concealed in the ferrite choke of the target cable. The original documents are dated 2008-07-24. Several receiver/demodulating devices are available, e.g. NIGHTWATCH. 30 NSA SCHOOLMONTANA.jpg SCHOOLMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based (FreeBSD-variant) J-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA SIERRAMONTANA.jpg SIERRAMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based M-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA STUCCOMONTANA.jpg STUCCOMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based T-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA SOMBERKNAVE.jpg SOMBERKNAVE Software that can be implanted on a Windows XP system allowing it to be remotely controlled from NSA headquarters. 50,000 NSA SOUFFLETROUGH.jpg SOUFFLETROUGH BIOS injection software that can compromise Juniper Networks SSG300 and SSG500 series firewalls. 0 NSA SPARROW II.jpg SPARROW II A small computer intended to be used for WLAN collection, including from UAVs. Hardware: IBM Power PC 405GPR processor, 64 MB SDRAM, 16 MB of built-inflash, 4 mini PCI slots, CompactFlash slot, and 802.11 B/G hardware. Running Linux 2.4 and the BLINDDATE software suite. Unit price (2008): $6K. 6,000 NSA SURLYSPAWN.jpg SURLYSPAWN Keystroke monitor technology that can be used on remote computers that are not internet connected. 30 NSA SWAP.jpg SWAP Technology that can reflash the BIOS of multiprocessor systems that run FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, or Windows. 0 NSA TAWDRYYARD.jpg TAWDRYYARD Radio frequency retroreflector to provide location information. 30 NSA TOTECHASER.jpg TOTECHASER Windows CE implant for extracting call logs, contact lists and other information. N/A NSA TOTEGHOSTLY.jpg TOTEGHOSTLY Software that can be implanted on a Windows mobile phone allowing full remote control. 0 NSA TRINITY.jpg TRINITY Multi-chip module using a 180 MHz ARM9 processor, 4 MB of flash, 96 MB of SDRAM, and a FPGA with 1 million gates. Smaller than a penny. 6,250 NSA TYPHON HX.jpg TYPHON HX Network-in-a-box for a GSM network with signaling and call control. N/A NSA WATERWITCH.jpg WATERWITCH A portable "finishing tool" that allows the operator to find the precise location of a nearby mobile phone. N/A NSA WISTFULTOLL.jpg WISTFULTOLL Plugin for collecting information from targets using Windows Management Instrumentation 0 Follow-up developments Security expert Matt Suiche noted that the software exploits leaked by the Shadow Brokers could be seen as genuine because it matched with names from the ANT catalog. John Bumgarner has stated to IEEE Spectrum that US government suspicion of Huawei is based on its own ability to add backdoors as shown in the ANT catalog. NSA Playset The NSA Playset is an open-source project inspired by the NSA ANT catalog to create more accessible and easy to use tools for security researchers. Most of the surveillance tools can be recreated with off-the-shelf or open-source hardware and software. Thus far, the NSA Playset consists of fourteen items, for which the code and instructions can be found online on the project's homepage. After the initial leak, Michael Ossman, the founder of Great Scott Gadgets, gave a shout out to other security researchers to start working on the tools mentioned in the catalog and to recreate them. The name NSA Playset came originally from Dean Pierce, who is also a contributor (TWILIGHTVEGETABLE(GSM)) to the NSA Playset. Anyone is invited to join and contribute their own device. The requisites for an addition to the NSA Playset is a similar or already existing NSA ANT project, ease of use and a silly name (based on the original tool's name if possible). The silly name requisite is a rule that Michael Ossman himself came up with and an example is given on the project's website: "For example, if your project is similar to FOXACID, maybe you could call it COYOTEMETH." The ease of use part stems also from the NSA Playset's motto: "If a 10 year old can't do it, it doesn't count!" Name Description TWILIGHTVEGETABLE a boot image for GSM communication monitoring. LEVITICUS a hand held GSM frequency analyzer disguised as a Motorola phone; named after GENESIS. DRIZZLECHAIR a hard drive with all the needed tools to crack A5/1 including the rainbow tables. PORCUPINEMASQUERADE a passive Wi-Fi reconnaissance drone. KEYSWEEPER a keylogger in form of a USB wall charger, that wirelessly and passively sniffs, decrypts, logs and reports back (over GSM). SLOTSCREAMER a PCI hardware implant, which can access memory and IO. ADAPTERNOODLE a USB exploitation device. CHUKWAGON uses a pin on a computer's VGA port to attack via the I²C bus accessing the computer's operating system. TURNIPSCHOOL a hardware implant concealed in a USB cable which provides short range radio frequency communication capability to software running on the host computer. BLINKERCOUGH a hardware implant that is embedded in a VGA cable which allows data exfiltration. SAVIORBURST a hardware implant exploiting the JTAG interface for software application persistence; named after GODSURGE. FLUXBABBIT is replaced by SOLDERPEEK. CACTUSTUTU Portable system that enables wireless installation of Microsoft Windows exploits; covers NIGHTSTAND. TINYALAMO software that targets BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and allows keystroke surveillance (keylogger) and injection. CONGAFLOCK Radio frequency retroreflector intended for experimentation. Intended use would be the implantation into a cable and data exfiltration based on radio reflectivity of the device.(FLAMENCOFLOCK (PS/2), TANGOFLOCK (USB), SALSAFLOCK (VGA) are retroreflectors with specific interfaces to test data exfiltration.) See also Cyberwarfare in the United States Equation Group MiniPanzer and MegaPanzer Stuxnet WARRIOR PRIDE Explanatory notes Whether ANT stands for Advanced Network Technology or Access Network Technology is not known. The article from Der Spiegel notes that it is a "50-page document" and that "nearly 50 pages" are published. The gallery contains 49 pages. Der Spiegel also noted that the document is likely far from complete. If the price is listed in bulk, a calculation is made to get the unit price For two months Including installation costs When ordering 25 units, the price per item is US$1000 Up to 4,000 Varies from platform to platform Data Network Technologies, a division of the Tailored Access Operations 100 units for 625,000

SURLYSPAWN, KEYSWEEPER, and TINYALAMO are monitoring technologies that can be used to monitor target's key strokes. SURLYSPAWN is a keystroke monitor technology that can be used on remote computers that are not internet connected. KEYSWEEPER is a keylogger in form of a USB wall charger, that wirelessly and passively sniffs, decrypts, logs and reports back (over GSM). TINYALAMO is software that targets BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and allows keystroke surveillance (keylogger) and injection.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given this article about the NSA's ANT Catalog, which hacking tools can be used to monitor a target's key strokes? Context: The ANT catalog (or TAO catalog) is a classified product catalog by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) of which the version written in 2008–2009 was published by German news magazine Der Spiegel in December 2013. Forty-nine catalog pages with pictures, diagrams and descriptions of espionage devices and spying software were published. The items are available to the Tailored Access Operations unit and are mostly targeted at products from US companies such as Apple, Cisco and Dell. The source is believed to be someone different than Edward Snowden, who is largely responsible for the global surveillance disclosures since 2013. Companies whose products could be compromised have denied any collaboration with the NSA in developing these capabilities. In 2014, a project was started to implement the capabilities from the ANT catalog as open-source hardware and software. Background The Tailored Access Operations unit has existed since the late 90s. Its mission is to collect intelligence on foreign targets of the United States by hacking into computers and telecommunication networks. In 2012, Edward Snowden organized a CryptoParty together with Runa Sandvik, a former colleague of Jacob Appelbaum at The Tor Project. In June 2013, Snowden took internal NSA documents which he shared with Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, resulting in the global surveillance disclosures. It has been speculated for years before that capabilities like those in the ANT catalog existed. Publication Jacob Appelbaum co-authored the English publication in Der Spiegel with Christian Stöcker and Judith Horchert, which was publicized on 29 December 2013. The related English publication on the same day about the TAO by Der Spiegel was also authored by the same people, and including Laura Poitras, Marcel Rosenbach, Jörg Schindler and Holger Stark. On December 30, Appelbaum gave a lecture about "the militarization of the Internet" at the 30th Chaos Communication Congress in Hamburg, Germany. At the end of his talk, he encouraged NSA employees to leak more documents. Apple denied the allegations that it collaborated on the development of DROPOUTJEEP in a statement to journalist Arik Hesseldahl from All Things Digital (part of the Wall Street Journal's Digital Network). The Verge questioned how the program developed in later years, since the document was composed in the early period of the iPhone and smartphones in general. Dell denied collaborating with any government in general, including the US government. John Stewart, senior vice president and chief security officer of Cisco stated that they were "deeply concerned and will continue to pursue all avenues to determine if we need to address any new issues." Juniper stated that they were working actively to address any possible exploit paths. Huawei stated they would take appropriate audits to determine if any compromise had taken place and would communicate if that had taken place. NSA declined to comment on the publication by Der Spiegel. Source The source who leaked the ANT catalog to the press is unknown as of 2023. Author James Bamford, who is specialized in the United States intelligence agencies, noted in a commentary article published by Reuters that Appelbaum has not identified the source who leaked the ANT catalog to him, which led people to mistakenly assume it was Edward Snowden. Bamford got unrestricted access to the documents cache from Edward Snowden and could not find any references to the ANT catalog using automated search tools, thereby concluding that the documents were not leaked by him. Security expert Bruce Schneier has stated on his blog that he also believes the ANT catalog did not come from Snowden, but from a second leaker. Officials at the NSA did not believe that the web crawler used by Snowden touched the ANT catalog and started looking for other people who could have leaked the catalog. Content The published catalog pages were written between 2008 and 2009. The price of the items ranged from free up to $250,000. Capabilities in the ANT catalog Page Code name Description Unit price in US$ NSA CANDYGRAM.jpg CANDYGRAM Tripwire device that emulates a GSM cellphone tower. 40,000 NSA COTTONMOUTH-I.jpg COTTONMOUTH-I Family of modified USB and Ethernet connectors that can be used to install Trojan horse software and work as wireless bridges, providing covert remote access to the target machine. COTTONMOUTH-I is a USB plug that uses TRINITY as digital core and HOWLERMONKEY as RF transceiver. 20,300 NSA COTTONMOUTH-II.jpg COTTONMOUTH-II Can be deployed in a USB socket (rather than plug), and, but requires further integration in the target machine to turn into a deployed system. 4,000 NSA COTTONMOUTH-III.jpg COTTONMOUTH-III Stacked Ethernet and USB plug 24,960 NSA CROSSBEAM.jpg CROSSBEAM GSM communications module capable of collecting and compressing voice data 4,000 NSA CTX4000.jpg CTX4000 Continuous wave radar device that can "illuminate" a target system for recovery of "off net" information. N/A NSA CYCLONE Hx9.jpg CYCLONE-HX9 GSM Base Station Router as a Network-In-a-Box 70,000 NSA DEITYBOUNCE.jpg DEITYBOUNCE Technology that installs a backdoor software implant on Dell PowerEdge servers via the motherboard BIOS and RAID controller(s). 0 NSA DROPOUTJEEP.jpg DROPOUTJEEP "A software implant for the Apple iPhone that utilizes modular mission applications to provide specific SIGINT functionality. This functionality includes the ability to remotely push/pull files from the device. SMS retrieval, contact list retrieval, voicemail, geolocation, hot mic, camera capture, cell tower location, etc. Command, control and data exfiltration can occur over SMS messaging or a GPRS data connection. All communications with the implant will be covert and encrypted." 0 NSA EBSR.jpg EBSR Tri-band active GSM base station with internal 802.11/GPS/handset capability 40,000 NSA ENTOURAGE.jpg ENTOURAGE Direction finding application for GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000 and FRS signals 70,000 NSA FEEDTROUGH.jpg FEEDTROUGH Software that can penetrate Juniper Networks firewalls allowing other NSA-deployed software to be installed on mainframe computers. N/A NSA FIREWALK.jpg FIREWALK Device that looks identical to a standard RJ45 socket that allows data to be injected, or monitored and transmitted via radio technology. using the HOWLERMONKEY RF transceiver. It can for instance create a VPN to the target computer. 10,740 NSA GENESIS.jpg GENESIS GSM handset with added software-defined radio features to record the radio frequency spectrum 15,000 NSA GODSURGE.jpg GODSURGE Software implant for a JTAG bus device named FLUXBABBITT which is added to Dell PowerEdge servers during interdiction. GODSURGE installs an implant upon system boot-up using the FLUXBABBITT JTAG interface to the Xeon series CPU. 500 NSA GINSU.jpg GINSU Technology that uses a PCI bus device in a computer, and can reinstall itself upon system boot-up. 0 NSA GOPHERSET.jpg GOPHERSET GSM software that uses a phone's SIM card's API (SIM Toolkit or STK) to control the phone through remotely sent commands. 0 NSA GOURMETTROUGH.jpg GOURMETTROUGH User-configurable persistence implant for certain Juniper Networks firewalls. 0 NSA HALLUXWATER.jpg HALLUXWATER Back door exploit for Huawei Eudemon firewalls. N/A NSA HEADWATER.jpg HEADWATER Persistent backdoor technology that can install spyware using a quantum insert capable of infecting spyware at a packet level on Huawei routers. N/A NSA HOWLERMONKEY.jpg HOWLERMONKEY A RF transceiver that makes it possible (in conjunction with digital processors and various implanting methods) to extract data from systems or allow them to be controlled remotely. 750 NSA IRATEMONK.jpg IRATEMONK Technology that can infiltrate the firmware of hard drives manufactured by Maxtor, Samsung, Seagate, and Western Digital. 0 NSA IRONCHEF.jpg IRONCHEF Technology that can "infect" networks by installing itself in a computer I/O BIOS. IRONCHEF includes also "Straitbizarre" and "Unitedrake" which have been linked to the spy software REGIN. 0 NSA JUNIORMINT.jpg JUNIORMINT Implant based on an ARM9 core and an FPGA. N/A NSA JETPLOW.jpg JETPLOW Firmware that can be implanted to create a permanent backdoor in a Cisco PIX series and ASA firewalls. 0 NSA LOUDAUTO.jpg LOUDAUTO Audio-based RF retro-reflector listening device. 30 NSA MAESTRO-II.jpg MAESTRO-II Multi-chip module approximately the size of a dime that serves as the hardware core of several other products. The module contains a 66 MHz ARM7 processor, 4 MB of flash, 8 MB of RAM, and a FPGA with 500,000 gates. It replaces the previous generation modules which were based on the HC12 microcontroller. 3,000 NSA MONKEYCALENDAR.jpg MONKEYCALENDAR Software that transmits a mobile phone's location by hidden text message. 0 NSA NEBULA.jpg NEBULA Multi-protocol network-in-a-box system. 250,000 NSA NIGHTSTAND.jpg NIGHTSTAND Portable system that installs Microsoft Windows exploits from a distance of up to eight miles over a wireless connection. N/A NSA NIGHTWATCH.jpg NIGHTWATCH Portable computer used to reconstruct and display video data from VAGRANT signals; used in conjunction with a radar source like the CTX4000 to illuminate the target in order to receive data from it. N/A NSA PICASSO.jpg PICASSO Software that can collect mobile phone location data, call metadata, access the phone's microphone to eavesdrop on nearby conversations. 2,000 NSA PHOTOANGLO.jpg PHOTOANGLO A joint NSA/GCHQ project to develop a radar system to replace CTX4000. 40,000 NSA RAGEMASTER.jpg RAGEMASTER A concealed device that taps the video signal from a target's computer's VGA signal output so the NSA can see what is on a targeted desktop monitor. It is powered by a remote radar and responds by modulating the VGA red signal (which is also sent out most DVI ports) into the RF signal it re-radiates; this method of transmission is codenamed VAGRANT. RAGEMASTER is usually installed/concealed in the ferrite choke of the target cable. The original documents are dated 2008-07-24. Several receiver/demodulating devices are available, e.g. NIGHTWATCH. 30 NSA SCHOOLMONTANA.jpg SCHOOLMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based (FreeBSD-variant) J-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA SIERRAMONTANA.jpg SIERRAMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based M-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA STUCCOMONTANA.jpg STUCCOMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based T-series routers/firewalls. N/A NSA SOMBERKNAVE.jpg SOMBERKNAVE Software that can be implanted on a Windows XP system allowing it to be remotely controlled from NSA headquarters. 50,000 NSA SOUFFLETROUGH.jpg SOUFFLETROUGH BIOS injection software that can compromise Juniper Networks SSG300 and SSG500 series firewalls. 0 NSA SPARROW II.jpg SPARROW II A small computer intended to be used for WLAN collection, including from UAVs. Hardware: IBM Power PC 405GPR processor, 64 MB SDRAM, 16 MB of built-inflash, 4 mini PCI slots, CompactFlash slot, and 802.11 B/G hardware. Running Linux 2.4 and the BLINDDATE software suite. Unit price (2008): $6K. 6,000 NSA SURLYSPAWN.jpg SURLYSPAWN Keystroke monitor technology that can be used on remote computers that are not internet connected. 30 NSA SWAP.jpg SWAP Technology that can reflash the BIOS of multiprocessor systems that run FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, or Windows. 0 NSA TAWDRYYARD.jpg TAWDRYYARD Radio frequency retroreflector to provide location information. 30 NSA TOTECHASER.jpg TOTECHASER Windows CE implant for extracting call logs, contact lists and other information. N/A NSA TOTEGHOSTLY.jpg TOTEGHOSTLY Software that can be implanted on a Windows mobile phone allowing full remote control. 0 NSA TRINITY.jpg TRINITY Multi-chip module using a 180 MHz ARM9 processor, 4 MB of flash, 96 MB of SDRAM, and a FPGA with 1 million gates. Smaller than a penny. 6,250 NSA TYPHON HX.jpg TYPHON HX Network-in-a-box for a GSM network with signaling and call control. N/A NSA WATERWITCH.jpg WATERWITCH A portable "finishing tool" that allows the operator to find the precise location of a nearby mobile phone. N/A NSA WISTFULTOLL.jpg WISTFULTOLL Plugin for collecting information from targets using Windows Management Instrumentation 0 Follow-up developments Security expert Matt Suiche noted that the software exploits leaked by the Shadow Brokers could be seen as genuine because it matched with names from the ANT catalog. John Bumgarner has stated to IEEE Spectrum that US government suspicion of Huawei is based on its own ability to add backdoors as shown in the ANT catalog. NSA Playset The NSA Playset is an open-source project inspired by the NSA ANT catalog to create more accessible and easy to use tools for security researchers. Most of the surveillance tools can be recreated with off-the-shelf or open-source hardware and software. Thus far, the NSA Playset consists of fourteen items, for which the code and instructions can be found online on the project's homepage. After the initial leak, Michael Ossman, the founder of Great Scott Gadgets, gave a shout out to other security researchers to start working on the tools mentioned in the catalog and to recreate them. The name NSA Playset came originally from Dean Pierce, who is also a contributor (TWILIGHTVEGETABLE(GSM)) to the NSA Playset. Anyone is invited to join and contribute their own device. The requisites for an addition to the NSA Playset is a similar or already existing NSA ANT project, ease of use and a silly name (based on the original tool's name if possible). The silly name requisite is a rule that Michael Ossman himself came up with and an example is given on the project's website: "For example, if your project is similar to FOXACID, maybe you could call it COYOTEMETH." The ease of use part stems also from the NSA Playset's motto: "If a 10 year old can't do it, it doesn't count!" Name Description TWILIGHTVEGETABLE a boot image for GSM communication monitoring. LEVITICUS a hand held GSM frequency analyzer disguised as a Motorola phone; named after GENESIS. DRIZZLECHAIR a hard drive with all the needed tools to crack A5/1 including the rainbow tables. PORCUPINEMASQUERADE a passive Wi-Fi reconnaissance drone. KEYSWEEPER a keylogger in form of a USB wall charger, that wirelessly and passively sniffs, decrypts, logs and reports back (over GSM). SLOTSCREAMER a PCI hardware implant, which can access memory and IO. ADAPTERNOODLE a USB exploitation device. CHUKWAGON uses a pin on a computer's VGA port to attack via the I²C bus accessing the computer's operating system. TURNIPSCHOOL a hardware implant concealed in a USB cable which provides short range radio frequency communication capability to software running on the host computer. BLINKERCOUGH a hardware implant that is embedded in a VGA cable which allows data exfiltration. SAVIORBURST a hardware implant exploiting the JTAG interface for software application persistence; named after GODSURGE. FLUXBABBIT is replaced by SOLDERPEEK. CACTUSTUTU Portable system that enables wireless installation of Microsoft Windows exploits; covers NIGHTSTAND. TINYALAMO software that targets BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and allows keystroke surveillance (keylogger) and injection. CONGAFLOCK Radio frequency retroreflector intended for experimentation. Intended use would be the implantation into a cable and data exfiltration based on radio reflectivity of the device.(FLAMENCOFLOCK (PS/2), TANGOFLOCK (USB), SALSAFLOCK (VGA) are retroreflectors with specific interfaces to test data exfiltration.) See also Cyberwarfare in the United States Equation Group MiniPanzer and MegaPanzer Stuxnet WARRIOR PRIDE Explanatory notes Whether ANT stands for Advanced Network Technology or Access Network Technology is not known. The article from Der Spiegel notes that it is a "50-page document" and that "nearly 50 pages" are published. The gallery contains 49 pages. Der Spiegel also noted that the document is likely far from complete. If the price is listed in bulk, a calculation is made to get the unit price For two months Including installation costs When ordering 25 units, the price per item is US$1000 Up to 4,000 Varies from platform to platform Data Network Technologies, a division of the Tailored Access Operations 100 units for 625,000 Response: SURLYSPAWN, KEYSWEEPER, and TINYALAMO are monitoring technologies that can be used to monitor target's key strokes. SURLYSPAWN is a keystroke monitor technology that can be used on remote computers that are not internet connected. KEYSWEEPER is a keylogger in form of a USB wall charger, that wirelessly and passively sniffs, decrypts, logs and reports back (over GSM). TINYALAMO is software that targets BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and allows keystroke surveillance (keylogger) and injection.

what type of economy is China?

mixed economy: the socialist market economy (SME) is the economic system and model of economic development employed in the People's Republic of China

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Instruction: what type of economy is China? Context: Response: mixed economy: the socialist market economy (SME) is the economic system and model of economic development employed in the People's Republic of China

Who is the greatest NFL quarterback of all-time?

Different people have different opinions when ranking professional football players in the NFL. Both individual and team metrics are considered when determining the best quarterback. Key individual metrics in the NFL include individual passing metrics (such as passer rating, number of passing yards, and number of touchdowns thrown) and individual awards won (such as the NFL Offensive Player of the Year). Key team metrics in the NFL include the team's win percentage with the individual as the starting quarterback and the number of conference and Super Bowl trophies won. Opinions vary, but many people consider Tom Brady to be the greatest NFL quarterback of all-time due to his individual accomplishments, his seven Super Bowl victories, and the dominance of the New England Patriots during his time as their quarterback.

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Instruction: Who is the greatest NFL quarterback of all-time? Context: Response: Different people have different opinions when ranking professional football players in the NFL. Both individual and team metrics are considered when determining the best quarterback. Key individual metrics in the NFL include individual passing metrics (such as passer rating, number of passing yards, and number of touchdowns thrown) and individual awards won (such as the NFL Offensive Player of the Year). Key team metrics in the NFL include the team's win percentage with the individual as the starting quarterback and the number of conference and Super Bowl trophies won. Opinions vary, but many people consider Tom Brady to be the greatest NFL quarterback of all-time due to his individual accomplishments, his seven Super Bowl victories, and the dominance of the New England Patriots during his time as their quarterback.

Give me ideas how I could become more productive.

Here are a few things you can try to become more productive: 1. Limit multitasking: While it may feel more productive, you can easily get distracted and spend more time on those tasks overall. Instead, try to complete one task to a higher standard in less time. 2. Set small goals: Large tasks can feel overwhelming which can in turn lead to procrastination. Try to break them down into smaller, manageable chunks and complete them one by one. 3. Take a break: It is scientifically proven that brain productivity increases after having a short break. Consider scheduling frequent short breaks of 10-15 minutes. Make sure you step away from your work environment. This will help your mind to have a rest and come up with new ideas after the break. 4. Complete the hardest task first: The most complex or hardest task can be intimidating to start with and we tend to avoid them therefore. Try to start with one of these tasks. It can energize and motivate you throughout the day, helping you accomplish a lot of smaller tasks. 5. Delegate: If you are part of a team, consider collaborating with team members more closely. Delegation is not about offloading work. Instead, it is about better task allocation ensuring each team member works on a task that is best suited to their skills and availability.

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me ideas how I could become more productive. Context: Response: Here are a few things you can try to become more productive: 1. Limit multitasking: While it may feel more productive, you can easily get distracted and spend more time on those tasks overall. Instead, try to complete one task to a higher standard in less time. 2. Set small goals: Large tasks can feel overwhelming which can in turn lead to procrastination. Try to break them down into smaller, manageable chunks and complete them one by one. 3. Take a break: It is scientifically proven that brain productivity increases after having a short break. Consider scheduling frequent short breaks of 10-15 minutes. Make sure you step away from your work environment. This will help your mind to have a rest and come up with new ideas after the break. 4. Complete the hardest task first: The most complex or hardest task can be intimidating to start with and we tend to avoid them therefore. Try to start with one of these tasks. It can energize and motivate you throughout the day, helping you accomplish a lot of smaller tasks. 5. Delegate: If you are part of a team, consider collaborating with team members more closely. Delegation is not about offloading work. Instead, it is about better task allocation ensuring each team member works on a task that is best suited to their skills and availability.

Who wrote Ready Player One?

Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline. The story, set in a dystopia in 2045, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a worldwide virtual reality game, the discovery of which would lead him to inherit the game creator's fortune. Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House). The book was published on August 16, 2011. An audiobook was released the same day; it was narrated by Wil Wheaton, who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters.Ch. 20 In 2012, the book received an Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association division of the American Library Association and won the 2011 Prometheus Award.

Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel written by American author Ernest Cline.

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Instruction: Who wrote Ready Player One? Context: Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline. The story, set in a dystopia in 2045, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a worldwide virtual reality game, the discovery of which would lead him to inherit the game creator's fortune. Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House). The book was published on August 16, 2011. An audiobook was released the same day; it was narrated by Wil Wheaton, who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters.Ch. 20 In 2012, the book received an Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association division of the American Library Association and won the 2011 Prometheus Award. Response: Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel written by American author Ernest Cline.

Is it worth buying a multi-unit property as a first-time home buyer?

There are multiple benefits to buying a multi-unit property, and some of them are; - You will have multiple Tax benefits depending on the state you're in - Downpayment as low as 3.5% - You can rent one unit, and the amount you collect can cover a significant amount of the loan payment - Return on capital investment will be greater than the regular 20% down payment - It will help to build faster equity - Since it will be held under one loan, your chance of getting a second loan on the following property will be much higher compared to owning a single property - Property rent will increase faster or higher than your property taxes and the monthly loan amount, - Less closing costs

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Instruction: Is it worth buying a multi-unit property as a first-time home buyer? Context: Response: There are multiple benefits to buying a multi-unit property, and some of them are; - You will have multiple Tax benefits depending on the state you're in - Downpayment as low as 3.5% - You can rent one unit, and the amount you collect can cover a significant amount of the loan payment - Return on capital investment will be greater than the regular 20% down payment - It will help to build faster equity - Since it will be held under one loan, your chance of getting a second loan on the following property will be much higher compared to owning a single property - Property rent will increase faster or higher than your property taxes and the monthly loan amount, - Less closing costs

How many Olympic rings are there?

There are five Olympic rings that represent the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games.

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Instruction: How many Olympic rings are there? Context: Response: There are five Olympic rings that represent the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games.

Given this paragraph about the Mercury Seven. Who did not survive to reach retirement and what was the cause of their death?

The Mercury Seven were the group of seven astronauts selected to fly spacecraft for Project Mercury. They are also referred to as the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1. Their names were publicly announced by NASA on April 9, 1959; these seven original American astronauts were Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard, and Deke Slayton. The Mercury Seven created a new profession in the United States, and established the image of the American astronaut for decades to come. All of the Mercury Seven eventually flew in space. They piloted the six spaceflights of the Mercury program that had an astronaut on board from May 1961 to May 1963, and members of the group flew on all of the NASA human spaceflight programs of the 20th century – Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and the Space Shuttle. Shepard became the first American to enter space in 1961, and later walked on the Moon on Apollo 14 in 1971. Grissom flew the first crewed Gemini mission in 1965, but died in 1967 in the Apollo 1 fire; the others all survived past retirement from service. Schirra flew Apollo 7 in 1968, the first crewed Apollo mission, in Grissom's place. Slayton, grounded with an atrial fibrillation, ultimately flew on the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project in 1975. The first American in orbit in 1962, Glenn flew on the Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 to become, at age 77, the oldest person to fly in space at the time. He was the last living member of the Mercury Seven when he died in 2016 at age 95.

Only Gus Grissom did not survive to reach retirement. All others survived past retirement from service. The cause of his death is the Apollo 1 fire.

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Instruction: Given this paragraph about the Mercury Seven. Who did not survive to reach retirement and what was the cause of their death? Context: The Mercury Seven were the group of seven astronauts selected to fly spacecraft for Project Mercury. They are also referred to as the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1. Their names were publicly announced by NASA on April 9, 1959; these seven original American astronauts were Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard, and Deke Slayton. The Mercury Seven created a new profession in the United States, and established the image of the American astronaut for decades to come. All of the Mercury Seven eventually flew in space. They piloted the six spaceflights of the Mercury program that had an astronaut on board from May 1961 to May 1963, and members of the group flew on all of the NASA human spaceflight programs of the 20th century – Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and the Space Shuttle. Shepard became the first American to enter space in 1961, and later walked on the Moon on Apollo 14 in 1971. Grissom flew the first crewed Gemini mission in 1965, but died in 1967 in the Apollo 1 fire; the others all survived past retirement from service. Schirra flew Apollo 7 in 1968, the first crewed Apollo mission, in Grissom's place. Slayton, grounded with an atrial fibrillation, ultimately flew on the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project in 1975. The first American in orbit in 1962, Glenn flew on the Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 to become, at age 77, the oldest person to fly in space at the time. He was the last living member of the Mercury Seven when he died in 2016 at age 95. Response: Only Gus Grissom did not survive to reach retirement. All others survived past retirement from service. The cause of his death is the Apollo 1 fire.

What is an apple?

An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree. Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus.

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Instruction: What is an apple? Context: Response: An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree. Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus.

From the passage provided, extract the year Pro Kabaddi League was established.

Asian Games Main article: Kabaddi at the Asian Games (video) Kabaddi being played in Japan, 2015 Kabaddi was played as a demonstration event at the First Asian Games in 1951, and again in 1982, before becoming a medal event for the first time in 1990. The Indian national team won every men's and women's kabaddi competition in the Asian Games from 2002 through 2014. At the 2018 Asian Games, Iran became the first country other than India to win gold medals in kabaddi, with India's men's team winning bronze, and India's women's team being beaten by Iran to win silver. Pro Kabaddi League Main article: Pro Kabaddi League The Pro Kabaddi League was established in 2014. The league modeled its business upon that of the Indian Premier League of Twenty20 cricket, with a large focus on marketing, the backing of local broadcaster Star Sports, and changes to the sport's rules and its presentation to make it more suitable for a television audience. The Pro Kabaddi League quickly became a ratings success on Indian television; the 2014 season was watched by at least 435 million viewers over the course of the season, and the inaugural championship match was seen by 98.6 million viewers. Additional rules are used in the Pro Kabaddi League to encourage scoring: when a defensive side has three or fewer players remaining, tackles are worth two points instead of one. Furthermore, if a team performs two empty raids in a row, the next raider must score a point, or else they will be declared out and the opposing team will score a point.

The Pro Kabaddi League was established in 2014

information_extraction

Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the year Pro Kabaddi League was established. Context: Asian Games Main article: Kabaddi at the Asian Games (video) Kabaddi being played in Japan, 2015 Kabaddi was played as a demonstration event at the First Asian Games in 1951, and again in 1982, before becoming a medal event for the first time in 1990. The Indian national team won every men's and women's kabaddi competition in the Asian Games from 2002 through 2014. At the 2018 Asian Games, Iran became the first country other than India to win gold medals in kabaddi, with India's men's team winning bronze, and India's women's team being beaten by Iran to win silver. Pro Kabaddi League Main article: Pro Kabaddi League The Pro Kabaddi League was established in 2014. The league modeled its business upon that of the Indian Premier League of Twenty20 cricket, with a large focus on marketing, the backing of local broadcaster Star Sports, and changes to the sport's rules and its presentation to make it more suitable for a television audience. The Pro Kabaddi League quickly became a ratings success on Indian television; the 2014 season was watched by at least 435 million viewers over the course of the season, and the inaugural championship match was seen by 98.6 million viewers. Additional rules are used in the Pro Kabaddi League to encourage scoring: when a defensive side has three or fewer players remaining, tackles are worth two points instead of one. Furthermore, if a team performs two empty raids in a row, the next raider must score a point, or else they will be declared out and the opposing team will score a point. Response: The Pro Kabaddi League was established in 2014

Why do humans like golf?

Humans like golf because of the games ability to keep a person humble. Golf is by nature, an individual sport, so the human is essentially playing against themselves. This nature gives humans the ability to become at peace as they accept defeat in a game that truly cannot be won. Success is only measured against ones self.

general_qa

Instruction: Why do humans like golf? Context: Response: Humans like golf because of the games ability to keep a person humble. Golf is by nature, an individual sport, so the human is essentially playing against themselves. This nature gives humans the ability to become at peace as they accept defeat in a game that truly cannot be won. Success is only measured against ones self.

Is voluntary childlessness rising? If yes, then what are the major drivers? What could be its impact?

The fast paced life and easy availability of effective contraception have increased the number of couples opting for childfree life. There are numerous reasons why being childfree is trending. The decision to have a child comes with responsibilities and many couples do not want to embrace it. Some couples avoid the idea of having children based on past experience in the family or simply because not having a child opens new avenues to explore and spend time doing other meaningful things in life. Unwillingness to bear the financial burden of raising a child is another reason why some couples avoid the idea. Nevertheless, the trend represents the rise in deterioration of interpersonal relationships. It prevents overpopulation and indirectly impacts events like recession, inflation, global warming etc. and in a consumer centric world the resonance of this trend cannot be ignored in the global economy.

general_qa

Instruction: Is voluntary childlessness rising? If yes, then what are the major drivers? What could be its impact? Context: Response: The fast paced life and easy availability of effective contraception have increased the number of couples opting for childfree life. There are numerous reasons why being childfree is trending. The decision to have a child comes with responsibilities and many couples do not want to embrace it. Some couples avoid the idea of having children based on past experience in the family or simply because not having a child opens new avenues to explore and spend time doing other meaningful things in life. Unwillingness to bear the financial burden of raising a child is another reason why some couples avoid the idea. Nevertheless, the trend represents the rise in deterioration of interpersonal relationships. It prevents overpopulation and indirectly impacts events like recession, inflation, global warming etc. and in a consumer centric world the resonance of this trend cannot be ignored in the global economy.

What are some uses for a garden bucket with a hole in it?

A bucket with a hole in it may be compromised from holding liquid within it. However, the bucket can still be useful for many other scenarios. For example, the bucket can be used to hold solids (eg rocks, dirt, toys) that are generally larger than the size of the hole. The bucket could also be repurposed as a watering can, or as a small seat to sit on while working in the garden.

brainstorming

Instruction: What are some uses for a garden bucket with a hole in it? Context: Response: A bucket with a hole in it may be compromised from holding liquid within it. However, the bucket can still be useful for many other scenarios. For example, the bucket can be used to hold solids (eg rocks, dirt, toys) that are generally larger than the size of the hole. The bucket could also be repurposed as a watering can, or as a small seat to sit on while working in the garden.

How will chatGPT and other large language models effect education and engineering disciplines?

It is too early to tell how technologies like chatGPT will change industries, but people think that some portion of jobs will be replaced in education and engineering. People also think that written tests and coding assignments for interviews will need to be refactored to reduce the chance that students or candidates can submit answers generated by large language models.

general_qa

Instruction: How will chatGPT and other large language models effect education and engineering disciplines? Context: Response: It is too early to tell how technologies like chatGPT will change industries, but people think that some portion of jobs will be replaced in education and engineering. People also think that written tests and coding assignments for interviews will need to be refactored to reduce the chance that students or candidates can submit answers generated by large language models.

Why do huskies howl?

Huskies howl when they are excited or anxious. They howl instead of barking because a howl can travel over longer distances and uses less energy.

general_qa

Instruction: Why do huskies howl? Context: Response: Huskies howl when they are excited or anxious. They howl instead of barking because a howl can travel over longer distances and uses less energy.

From the passage provided, extract the total product revenue and % YoY growth using format: {$x} product revenue with {x%} YoY growth Product revenue of $555.3 million in the fourth quarter, representing 54% year-over-year growth Remaining performance obligations of $3.7 billion, representing 38% year-over-year growth 7,828 total customers Net revenue retention rate of 158% 330 customers with trailing 12-month product revenue greater than $1 million Authorized a $2.0 billion stock repurchase program

$555.3m product revenue with 54% YoY growth

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Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the total product revenue and % YoY growth using format: {$x} product revenue with {x%} YoY growth Product revenue of $555.3 million in the fourth quarter, representing 54% year-over-year growth Remaining performance obligations of $3.7 billion, representing 38% year-over-year growth 7,828 total customers Net revenue retention rate of 158% 330 customers with trailing 12-month product revenue greater than $1 million Authorized a $2.0 billion stock repurchase program Context: Response: $555.3m product revenue with 54% YoY growth

What is a graph in graph theory?

In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related". The objects correspond to mathematical abstractions called vertices (also called nodes or points) and each of the related pairs of vertices is called an edge (also called link or line). Typically, a graph is depicted in diagrammatic form as a set of dots or circles for the vertices, joined by lines or curves for the edges. Graphs are one of the objects of study in discrete mathematics.

In graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related".

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Instruction: What is a graph in graph theory? Context: In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related". The objects correspond to mathematical abstractions called vertices (also called nodes or points) and each of the related pairs of vertices is called an edge (also called link or line). Typically, a graph is depicted in diagrammatic form as a set of dots or circles for the vertices, joined by lines or curves for the edges. Graphs are one of the objects of study in discrete mathematics. Response: In graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related".

Give me a list of the Mercury Prize winning albums, since 2000

- 'The Hour of Bewilderbeast' by Badly Drawn Boy - 'Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea' by PJ Harvey - 'A Little Deeper' by Ms. Dynamite - 'Boy in da Corner' by Dizzee Rascal - 'Franz Ferdinand' by Franz Ferdinand - 'I Am a Bird Now' by Antony and the Johnsons - 'Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not' by Arctic Monkeys - 'Myths of the Near Future' by Klaxons - 'The Seldom Seen Kid' by Elbow - 'Speech Therapy' by Speech Debelle - 'xx' by The xx - 'Let England Shake' by PJ Harvey - 'An Awesome Wave' by alt-J - 'Overgrown' by James Blake - 'Dead' by Young Fathers - 'At Least For Now' by Benjamin Clementine - 'Konnichiwa' by Skepta - 'Process' by Sampha - 'Visions of a Life' by Wolf Alice - 'Psychodrama' by Dave - 'Kiwanuka' by Michael Kiwanuka - 'Collapsed in Sunbeams' by Arlo Parks - 'Sometimes I Might Be Introvert' by Little Simz

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me a list of the Mercury Prize winning albums, since 2000 Context: Response: - 'The Hour of Bewilderbeast' by Badly Drawn Boy - 'Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea' by PJ Harvey - 'A Little Deeper' by Ms. Dynamite - 'Boy in da Corner' by Dizzee Rascal - 'Franz Ferdinand' by Franz Ferdinand - 'I Am a Bird Now' by Antony and the Johnsons - 'Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not' by Arctic Monkeys - 'Myths of the Near Future' by Klaxons - 'The Seldom Seen Kid' by Elbow - 'Speech Therapy' by Speech Debelle - 'xx' by The xx - 'Let England Shake' by PJ Harvey - 'An Awesome Wave' by alt-J - 'Overgrown' by James Blake - 'Dead' by Young Fathers - 'At Least For Now' by Benjamin Clementine - 'Konnichiwa' by Skepta - 'Process' by Sampha - 'Visions of a Life' by Wolf Alice - 'Psychodrama' by Dave - 'Kiwanuka' by Michael Kiwanuka - 'Collapsed in Sunbeams' by Arlo Parks - 'Sometimes I Might Be Introvert' by Little Simz

Why are Christmas markets so popular in Germany?

Germans love Christmas markets because they are a lot of fun. They are a great way to socialize and get out of the house in the darkest time of the year. Christmas markets start at the end of November and last until Christmas. Every small town has at least one. It's best to go there when it's cold, because everybody drinks Gluehwein (mulled wine) to warm up. You can find typical German food at these markets as well as local crafts, so you can get your Christmas shopping done.

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Instruction: Why are Christmas markets so popular in Germany? Context: Response: Germans love Christmas markets because they are a lot of fun. They are a great way to socialize and get out of the house in the darkest time of the year. Christmas markets start at the end of November and last until Christmas. Every small town has at least one. It's best to go there when it's cold, because everybody drinks Gluehwein (mulled wine) to warm up. You can find typical German food at these markets as well as local crafts, so you can get your Christmas shopping done.

Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Violetta, Kaval

Violetta is string, Kaval is woodwind.

classification

Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Violetta, Kaval Context: Response: Violetta is string, Kaval is woodwind.

Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Aurochs, Hawksbill Turtle

Hawksbill Turtle is alive, Aurochs is extinct.

classification

Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Aurochs, Hawksbill Turtle Context: Response: Hawksbill Turtle is alive, Aurochs is extinct.

Who recorded the song Ghost Town

"Ghost Town" is a song recorded by American singer Adam Lambert for his third studio album, The Original High (2015). It was released as the album's lead single on April 21, 2015. The single garnered considerable commercial and critical success, becoming somewhat of a sleeper hit in select countries and receiving a substantial amount of radio play in the US.

Ghost Town is a song recorded by American singer Adam Lambert for his third studio album, The Original High (2015). It was released as the album's lead single on April 21, 2015. The single garnered considerable commercial and critical success, becoming somewhat of a sleeper hit in select countries and receiving a substantial amount of radio play in the US.

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Instruction: Who recorded the song Ghost Town Context: "Ghost Town" is a song recorded by American singer Adam Lambert for his third studio album, The Original High (2015). It was released as the album's lead single on April 21, 2015. The single garnered considerable commercial and critical success, becoming somewhat of a sleeper hit in select countries and receiving a substantial amount of radio play in the US. Response: Ghost Town is a song recorded by American singer Adam Lambert for his third studio album, The Original High (2015). It was released as the album's lead single on April 21, 2015. The single garnered considerable commercial and critical success, becoming somewhat of a sleeper hit in select countries and receiving a substantial amount of radio play in the US.

I plan a trip to Italy, what is the top 2 cities to visit?

Italy has many popular destinations featuring historical landmarks, vibrant local culture and beautiful architecture. While exact choice will depend on your specific interests, Rome and Florence are one of the most popular destinations for tourists. In Rome you can visit Coliseum, Vatican and numerous other architectural landmarks, while Florence is considered the birthplace of European Renaissance.

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Instruction: I plan a trip to Italy, what is the top 2 cities to visit? Context: Response: Italy has many popular destinations featuring historical landmarks, vibrant local culture and beautiful architecture. While exact choice will depend on your specific interests, Rome and Florence are one of the most popular destinations for tourists. In Rome you can visit Coliseum, Vatican and numerous other architectural landmarks, while Florence is considered the birthplace of European Renaissance.

What event John Johnstone won as a rider?

John Johnstone (1881-1935) was a British businessman and rider. He was the tai-pan of the Jardine, Matheson & Co., member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong. He was the head of the Jardine, Matheson & Co. as well as director of numerous companies. He was member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. He was a keen rider and bore the reputation of being the best rider East of the Suez. He succeeded in winning the Jockey Cup on a pony named Ben-y-Gloe belonging to C. H. Ross, the former tai-pan of Jardines when he first went to Hong Kong in 1903. In 1904, he won the Professional Cup on a pony named Runaway Girl, purchased from W. A. Cruickshank. From 1903 to 1919, he rode in 1,178 races, winning 334, securing 192 seconds and 186 thirds, being unplaced 466 times, excluding the record of minor events such as Off Days or Gymkhanas. He won 14 Grand Nationals in China, and at one meeting in Hong Kong rode in 30 races winning 16 of them. He was also the President of the St. Andrew's Society. He left Hong Kong on 31 March 1921 for home by the Empress of Asia. In 1928 he won The Foxhunters Cup at Cheltenham riding Rathpatrick and officiated as steward at several of the northern meetings. He died at the Cheltenham meeting in 1935 where he was officiating.

John Johnstone won the Jockey Cup on a horse named Ben-y-Gloe.

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Instruction: What event John Johnstone won as a rider? Context: John Johnstone (1881-1935) was a British businessman and rider. He was the tai-pan of the Jardine, Matheson & Co., member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong. He was the head of the Jardine, Matheson & Co. as well as director of numerous companies. He was member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. He was a keen rider and bore the reputation of being the best rider East of the Suez. He succeeded in winning the Jockey Cup on a pony named Ben-y-Gloe belonging to C. H. Ross, the former tai-pan of Jardines when he first went to Hong Kong in 1903. In 1904, he won the Professional Cup on a pony named Runaway Girl, purchased from W. A. Cruickshank. From 1903 to 1919, he rode in 1,178 races, winning 334, securing 192 seconds and 186 thirds, being unplaced 466 times, excluding the record of minor events such as Off Days or Gymkhanas. He won 14 Grand Nationals in China, and at one meeting in Hong Kong rode in 30 races winning 16 of them. He was also the President of the St. Andrew's Society. He left Hong Kong on 31 March 1921 for home by the Empress of Asia. In 1928 he won The Foxhunters Cup at Cheltenham riding Rathpatrick and officiated as steward at several of the northern meetings. He died at the Cheltenham meeting in 1935 where he was officiating. Response: John Johnstone won the Jockey Cup on a horse named Ben-y-Gloe.

What is Java?

Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. As of 2019, Java was one of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub, particularly for client–server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.

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Instruction: What is Java? Context: Response: Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. As of 2019, Java was one of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub, particularly for client–server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.

What is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs?

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the 1812 German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first Disney animated feature film. The production was supervised by David Hand, and the film's sequences were directed by Perce Pearce, William Cottrell, Larry Morey, Wilfred Jackson, and Ben Sharpsteen.

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is an animated musical fantasy film produced in 1937. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. It is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first animated feature film from Disney.

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Instruction: What is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs? Context: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the 1812 German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first Disney animated feature film. The production was supervised by David Hand, and the film's sequences were directed by Perce Pearce, William Cottrell, Larry Morey, Wilfred Jackson, and Ben Sharpsteen. Response: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is an animated musical fantasy film produced in 1937. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. It is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first animated feature film from Disney.

What are the primary colors?

Primary colors are red, yellow, and blue. Together, these are used in combination to create the rest of the color pallet. Red + yellow = orange. Yellow + blue = green. Red + blue = purple.

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Instruction: What are the primary colors? Context: Response: Primary colors are red, yellow, and blue. Together, these are used in combination to create the rest of the color pallet. Red + yellow = orange. Yellow + blue = green. Red + blue = purple.

What are three capital cities in South America?

Three capital cities in South America are Montevideo, Quito, and Lima.

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Instruction: What are three capital cities in South America? Context: Response: Three capital cities in South America are Montevideo, Quito, and Lima.