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In the United States of America, which state is the largest in size?

In the Unites States of America, Alaska is the largest state in physical size. Although not the most populated state is is 663,300 in square miles. The next largest state is Texas followed by California.

general_qa

Instruction: In the United States of America, which state is the largest in size? Context: Response: In the Unites States of America, Alaska is the largest state in physical size. Although not the most populated state is is 663,300 in square miles. The next largest state is Texas followed by California.

What are some ways to improve the value of your home?

There are several things you do can to increase the value of your home. First, you can focus on what is known as "curb appeal", essentially making the outside and surrounding of your house attractive. Ensure that the landscaping is well maintained, fix any broken doors or windows, and painting the outside so that the house does not look dull. In the interior of your house, the best places to focus will be in your bathrooms and kitchen. Further, you can replace major appliances and components such as water heaters, furnaces, or the roof to increase the value. Another way to increase the value of your home is by making it bigger. Often, pricing for homes is done by looking at the area of the house, so by adding on new rooms or extra space, you can also increase the overall value of the house.

brainstorming

Instruction: What are some ways to improve the value of your home? Context: Response: There are several things you do can to increase the value of your home. First, you can focus on what is known as "curb appeal", essentially making the outside and surrounding of your house attractive. Ensure that the landscaping is well maintained, fix any broken doors or windows, and painting the outside so that the house does not look dull. In the interior of your house, the best places to focus will be in your bathrooms and kitchen. Further, you can replace major appliances and components such as water heaters, furnaces, or the roof to increase the value. Another way to increase the value of your home is by making it bigger. Often, pricing for homes is done by looking at the area of the house, so by adding on new rooms or extra space, you can also increase the overall value of the house.

What are some healthy lunch ideas?

Buddha bowl, turkey sandwich, salmon salad, quinoa bowl, fruit and cheese plate, veggies and dip, hummus and pita plate, vegetable soup

brainstorming

Instruction: What are some healthy lunch ideas? Context: Response: Buddha bowl, turkey sandwich, salmon salad, quinoa bowl, fruit and cheese plate, veggies and dip, hummus and pita plate, vegetable soup

What is a bunk bed?

It’s a type of furniture that stacks two or more beds on top of each other. Bunk beds are typically used in children’s rooms and in places where it’s necessary to fit lots of beds in a small amount of space.

open_qa

Instruction: What is a bunk bed? Context: Response: It’s a type of furniture that stacks two or more beds on top of each other. Bunk beds are typically used in children’s rooms and in places where it’s necessary to fit lots of beds in a small amount of space.

write a short essay on California wild fire

California is known for its hot, dry summers, which increase the risk of wildfires. Every year, the state experiences dozens of fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and people's homes and businesses. In recent years, California has seen some of the worst wildfires in its history, with tens of thousands of acres of land destroyed and hundreds of homes lost. These fires are often started by a combination of high temperatures, dry conditions, and strong winds, which can quickly spread flames and make them difficult to control. The effects of these fires are felt not just by those directly impacted, but by everyone in the state. Smoke and ash from the fires can cause respiratory problems and other health issues, and the destruction of habitats can harm wildlife populations and disrupt entire ecosystems. Despite the challenges, California has made significant progress in fighting wildfires in recent years. The state has invested in new technologies and equipment to help firefighters respond more quickly and effectively to fires, and has increased efforts to prevent fires from starting in the first place. While wildfires will likely always be a risk in California, the state's proactive approach to managing them gives hope that we can continue to protect people, wildlife, and the environment from their devastating effects.

creative_writing

Instruction: write a short essay on California wild fire Context: Response: California is known for its hot, dry summers, which increase the risk of wildfires. Every year, the state experiences dozens of fires, which can be devastating to both the environment and people's homes and businesses. In recent years, California has seen some of the worst wildfires in its history, with tens of thousands of acres of land destroyed and hundreds of homes lost. These fires are often started by a combination of high temperatures, dry conditions, and strong winds, which can quickly spread flames and make them difficult to control. The effects of these fires are felt not just by those directly impacted, but by everyone in the state. Smoke and ash from the fires can cause respiratory problems and other health issues, and the destruction of habitats can harm wildlife populations and disrupt entire ecosystems. Despite the challenges, California has made significant progress in fighting wildfires in recent years. The state has invested in new technologies and equipment to help firefighters respond more quickly and effectively to fires, and has increased efforts to prevent fires from starting in the first place. While wildfires will likely always be a risk in California, the state's proactive approach to managing them gives hope that we can continue to protect people, wildlife, and the environment from their devastating effects.

Can I copy my Delta Lake table to another location?

Yes you can copy your Delta Lake table to another location. Remember to copy files without changing the timestamps to ensure that the time travel with timestamps will be consistent.

general_qa

Instruction: Can I copy my Delta Lake table to another location? Context: Response: Yes you can copy your Delta Lake table to another location. Remember to copy files without changing the timestamps to ensure that the time travel with timestamps will be consistent.

Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Livyatan, Mountain Gorilla

Mountain Gorilla is alive, Livyatan is extinct.

classification

Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Livyatan, Mountain Gorilla Context: Response: Mountain Gorilla is alive, Livyatan is extinct.

Why do you love Biriyani?

Because it's flavorful

brainstorming

Instruction: Why do you love Biriyani? Context: Response: Because it's flavorful

Give me a list of the venues that were used for the US Open Golf tournament through the years 1991 - 1995

1991 - Hazeltine National Golf Club 1992 - Pebble Beach Golf Links 1993 - Baltusrol Golf Club (Lower Course) 1994 - Oakmont Country Club 1995 - Shinnecock Hills Golf Club

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me a list of the venues that were used for the US Open Golf tournament through the years 1991 - 1995 Context: Response: 1991 - Hazeltine National Golf Club 1992 - Pebble Beach Golf Links 1993 - Baltusrol Golf Club (Lower Course) 1994 - Oakmont Country Club 1995 - Shinnecock Hills Golf Club

Which movie won the Best Picture award at 95th Academy Awards?

The 95th Academy Awards was a ceremony held by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) on March 12, 2023, at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles. It honored films released in 2022. The event was televised in the U.S. by ABC and was produced by Ricky Kirshner and Glenn Weiss. Weiss was also the director. Comedian and late-night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel hosted the show for the third time, after emceeing the 89th and 90th editions of the ceremony in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Everything Everywhere All at Once led the ceremony with eleven nominations and seven wins, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay for Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert, and three of the four acting awards. Other winners included All Quiet on the Western Front with four awards, The Whale with two, and Avatar: The Way of Water, Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio, Navalny, RRR, Top Gun: Maverick, and Women Talking each with one. Short film winners included The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse, The Elephant Whisperers, and An Irish Goodbye.

Everything Everywhere All at Once won the award for Best Picture at the 95th Academy Awards. Additionally, this movie also won Best Director and Best Original Screenplay for Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert, and three of the four acting awards.

information_extraction

Instruction: Which movie won the Best Picture award at 95th Academy Awards? Context: The 95th Academy Awards was a ceremony held by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) on March 12, 2023, at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles. It honored films released in 2022. The event was televised in the U.S. by ABC and was produced by Ricky Kirshner and Glenn Weiss. Weiss was also the director. Comedian and late-night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel hosted the show for the third time, after emceeing the 89th and 90th editions of the ceremony in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Everything Everywhere All at Once led the ceremony with eleven nominations and seven wins, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay for Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert, and three of the four acting awards. Other winners included All Quiet on the Western Front with four awards, The Whale with two, and Avatar: The Way of Water, Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio, Navalny, RRR, Top Gun: Maverick, and Women Talking each with one. Short film winners included The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse, The Elephant Whisperers, and An Irish Goodbye. Response: Everything Everywhere All at Once won the award for Best Picture at the 95th Academy Awards. Additionally, this movie also won Best Director and Best Original Screenplay for Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert, and three of the four acting awards.

What did the 0 say to the 8?

Nice belt!

open_qa

Instruction: What did the 0 say to the 8? Context: Response: Nice belt!

What are 6 natural resources of Africa?

Gold, Oil, Natural Gas,Copper, Silver,Diamonds

general_qa

Instruction: What are 6 natural resources of Africa? Context: Response: Gold, Oil, Natural Gas,Copper, Silver,Diamonds

What are some popular search engines?

Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu

open_qa

Instruction: What are some popular search engines? Context: Response: Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu

What are the top 5 television sitcoms of all time?

1. Seinfeld 2. The Office 3. Mash 4. Cheers 5. Friends

brainstorming

Instruction: What are the top 5 television sitcoms of all time? Context: Response: 1. Seinfeld 2. The Office 3. Mash 4. Cheers 5. Friends

Is the earth flat?

No, the Earth is round, just like all other planets. The gravitational pull of its mass forces it into a spherical shape. The gravity force pulls the material toward the center of the planet. The flat earth theory is scientifically disproven. The earth is not entirely round, though, because the centrifugal force of its spin causes the earth to bulge slightly around the equator.

open_qa

Instruction: Is the earth flat? Context: Response: No, the Earth is round, just like all other planets. The gravitational pull of its mass forces it into a spherical shape. The gravity force pulls the material toward the center of the planet. The flat earth theory is scientifically disproven. The earth is not entirely round, though, because the centrifugal force of its spin causes the earth to bulge slightly around the equator.

You have been asked to join the School Health Advisory Council to develop a new policy that focuses on the development of a more sustainable food service. List the steps you would take to develop and implement the new policy. How would you involve staff, families, and children?

Communicate with families to list out their children’s favorite food items and eating habits. Such as allergy items and if any family requests that no milk or milk-based substitute be given to their children. Also families' dietary restrictions due to religious beliefs, personal beliefs, cultural customs and health issues. Based on those pieces of information, develop the food-from-home policy. Restrict all allergy items to school. Meeting with all staff involves, such as teachers, kitchen staff, nutrition professionals and parents who are interested, to have a planning menu together. For children, we can ask about their favorite foods and talk about healthy choices to get prepared for them to enjoy the new food items. Through activities and discussions to help them experience the richness of all cultures through diversity in food and food customs. Practice emerging independence by using child-sized containers and utensils, allowing preschoolers to set tables, pour beverages, serve themselves and clear their places.

general_qa

Instruction: You have been asked to join the School Health Advisory Council to develop a new policy that focuses on the development of a more sustainable food service. List the steps you would take to develop and implement the new policy. How would you involve staff, families, and children? Context: Response: Communicate with families to list out their children’s favorite food items and eating habits. Such as allergy items and if any family requests that no milk or milk-based substitute be given to their children. Also families' dietary restrictions due to religious beliefs, personal beliefs, cultural customs and health issues. Based on those pieces of information, develop the food-from-home policy. Restrict all allergy items to school. Meeting with all staff involves, such as teachers, kitchen staff, nutrition professionals and parents who are interested, to have a planning menu together. For children, we can ask about their favorite foods and talk about healthy choices to get prepared for them to enjoy the new food items. Through activities and discussions to help them experience the richness of all cultures through diversity in food and food customs. Practice emerging independence by using child-sized containers and utensils, allowing preschoolers to set tables, pour beverages, serve themselves and clear their places.

I need some ideas for a first date.

1) Grab coffee and chat at a coffee shop. 2) Grab coffee and walk around. 3) Go out together for a meal. 4) Go to the local Farmer's Market. 5) Go bowling. 6) Take a cooking class. 7) Picnic together at a park. 8) Go to a local event. 9) Play a board game. 10) Play a sport together, like paddleboarding, tennis, pickleball, or throwing a Frisbee.

brainstorming

Instruction: I need some ideas for a first date. Context: Response: 1) Grab coffee and chat at a coffee shop. 2) Grab coffee and walk around. 3) Go out together for a meal. 4) Go to the local Farmer's Market. 5) Go bowling. 6) Take a cooking class. 7) Picnic together at a park. 8) Go to a local event. 9) Play a board game. 10) Play a sport together, like paddleboarding, tennis, pickleball, or throwing a Frisbee.

What are the most expensive cities in the world ?

This is an exhaustive list of the most expensive cities : Singapore, Tel Aviv, New York, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Zurich, Geneva, San Francisco, Paris and Sydney

brainstorming

Instruction: What are the most expensive cities in the world ? Context: Response: This is an exhaustive list of the most expensive cities : Singapore, Tel Aviv, New York, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Zurich, Geneva, San Francisco, Paris and Sydney

What is my Chinese Zodiac sign (animal)?

There are 12 Zodiac animals: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, and boar. To find it, you can look up the lunar calendar. But the following way is a quick and traditional Chinese way to find it. Calculate the remainder of (Year of birth - 1900) / 12, and check the remainder with date of birth: Date of birth is before January 21: The remainder = 0, Boar The remainder = 1, Rat The remainder = 2, Ox The remainder = 3, Tiger The remainder = 4, Rabbit The remainder = 5, Dragon The remainder = 6, Snake The remainder = 7, Horse The remainder = 8, Goat The remainder = 9, Monkey The remainder = 10, Rooster The remainder = 11, Dog Date of birth is after February 20: The remainder = 0, Rat The remainder = 1, Ox The remainder = 2, Tiger The remainder = 3, Rabbit The remainder = 4, Dragon The remainder = 5, Snake The remainder = 6, Horse The remainder = 7, Goat The remainder = 8, Monkey The remainder = 9, Rooster The remainder = 10, Dog The remainder = 11, Boar For those born between January 21 and February 20, the beginning of the Lunar New Year usually, please look up the lunar calendar which will provide the details.

general_qa

Instruction: What is my Chinese Zodiac sign (animal)? Context: Response: There are 12 Zodiac animals: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, and boar. To find it, you can look up the lunar calendar. But the following way is a quick and traditional Chinese way to find it. Calculate the remainder of (Year of birth - 1900) / 12, and check the remainder with date of birth: Date of birth is before January 21: The remainder = 0, Boar The remainder = 1, Rat The remainder = 2, Ox The remainder = 3, Tiger The remainder = 4, Rabbit The remainder = 5, Dragon The remainder = 6, Snake The remainder = 7, Horse The remainder = 8, Goat The remainder = 9, Monkey The remainder = 10, Rooster The remainder = 11, Dog Date of birth is after February 20: The remainder = 0, Rat The remainder = 1, Ox The remainder = 2, Tiger The remainder = 3, Rabbit The remainder = 4, Dragon The remainder = 5, Snake The remainder = 6, Horse The remainder = 7, Goat The remainder = 8, Monkey The remainder = 9, Rooster The remainder = 10, Dog The remainder = 11, Boar For those born between January 21 and February 20, the beginning of the Lunar New Year usually, please look up the lunar calendar which will provide the details.

When did the maximum rate of water usage begin to be mandated?

A low-flow fixture is a water saving plumbing fixture designed to achieve water savings by having a lower flow rate of water or a smaller quantity per flush. Some of these low-flow fixtures are faucets, showerheads, and toilets. In the United States a maximum water usage of conventional plumbing fixtures was federally mandated by the Energy policy act of 1992. Low-flow fixtures are designed to save water over conventional fixtures by having a lower flow rate while still maintaining satisfactory performance. The Environmental protection agency (EPA) WaterSense program has requirements for plumbing fixtures to achieve their definition for water saving low-flow.

1992

closed_qa

Instruction: When did the maximum rate of water usage begin to be mandated? Context: A low-flow fixture is a water saving plumbing fixture designed to achieve water savings by having a lower flow rate of water or a smaller quantity per flush. Some of these low-flow fixtures are faucets, showerheads, and toilets. In the United States a maximum water usage of conventional plumbing fixtures was federally mandated by the Energy policy act of 1992. Low-flow fixtures are designed to save water over conventional fixtures by having a lower flow rate while still maintaining satisfactory performance. The Environmental protection agency (EPA) WaterSense program has requirements for plumbing fixtures to achieve their definition for water saving low-flow. Response: 1992

Which of the following are men scientists: Marie Curie, Elizabeth Blackwell, Jane Goodall, Rosalind Franklin, Ada Lovelace, Maria Mitchell, Archimedes, Albert Einstein, Ernest Rutherford, Alfred Nobel, Alexander Fleming, Michael Faraday, Niels Bohr, Stephen Hawking, Alan Turing.

Archimedes, Albert Einstein, Ernest Rutherford, Alfred Nobel, Alexander Fleming, Michael Faraday, Niels Bohr, Stephen Hawking, Alan Turing are scientists who are men.

classification

Instruction: Which of the following are men scientists: Marie Curie, Elizabeth Blackwell, Jane Goodall, Rosalind Franklin, Ada Lovelace, Maria Mitchell, Archimedes, Albert Einstein, Ernest Rutherford, Alfred Nobel, Alexander Fleming, Michael Faraday, Niels Bohr, Stephen Hawking, Alan Turing. Context: Response: Archimedes, Albert Einstein, Ernest Rutherford, Alfred Nobel, Alexander Fleming, Michael Faraday, Niels Bohr, Stephen Hawking, Alan Turing are scientists who are men.

Which of the following are writing implements: pen, fine line markers, tiles, morning glories, alcohol markers, mechanical pencils, jugs, sand, ocean salt water, towel

pen, fine line markers, alcohol markers, mechanical pencils

classification

Instruction: Which of the following are writing implements: pen, fine line markers, tiles, morning glories, alcohol markers, mechanical pencils, jugs, sand, ocean salt water, towel Context: Response: pen, fine line markers, alcohol markers, mechanical pencils

Based on the autopsy, list the contributing factors to Farley's death in bullet format.

On December 18, 1997, Farley was found dead by his younger brother John in his apartment in the John Hancock Center in Chicago. He was 33 years old. An autopsy revealed that Farley had died of an overdose of a combination of cocaine and morphine, commonly known as a "speedball". Advanced atherosclerosis was cited as a "significant contributing factor." A private funeral was held for Farley on December 23, 1997, at Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic Church in his hometown of Madison, Wisconsin. Over 500 people attended his funeral, including many comedians who had worked with him on Saturday Night Live and on film, such as Dan Aykroyd, Adam Sandler, Chris Rock, Rob Schneider, Lorne Michaels, Al Franken, John Goodman, Bob Odenkirk, Tim Meadows, Robert Smigel, George Wendt and Phil Hartman. Notably absent was Farley's best friend David Spade. Spade's non-appearance fueled speculation that there was some falling out with Farley prior to his death. However, years later Spade denied any ill will between him and his comedic partner, admitting that his absence from the funeral was because he would have found it too emotionally difficult. Farley's remains were interred at Resurrection Cemetery in Madison.

-Overdose from a speedball -Advanced atherosclerosis

information_extraction

Instruction: Based on the autopsy, list the contributing factors to Farley's death in bullet format. Context: On December 18, 1997, Farley was found dead by his younger brother John in his apartment in the John Hancock Center in Chicago. He was 33 years old. An autopsy revealed that Farley had died of an overdose of a combination of cocaine and morphine, commonly known as a "speedball". Advanced atherosclerosis was cited as a "significant contributing factor." A private funeral was held for Farley on December 23, 1997, at Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic Church in his hometown of Madison, Wisconsin. Over 500 people attended his funeral, including many comedians who had worked with him on Saturday Night Live and on film, such as Dan Aykroyd, Adam Sandler, Chris Rock, Rob Schneider, Lorne Michaels, Al Franken, John Goodman, Bob Odenkirk, Tim Meadows, Robert Smigel, George Wendt and Phil Hartman. Notably absent was Farley's best friend David Spade. Spade's non-appearance fueled speculation that there was some falling out with Farley prior to his death. However, years later Spade denied any ill will between him and his comedic partner, admitting that his absence from the funeral was because he would have found it too emotionally difficult. Farley's remains were interred at Resurrection Cemetery in Madison. Response: -Overdose from a speedball -Advanced atherosclerosis

Who was Edward Gramlich

Edward M. Gramlich (June 18, 1939 – September 5, 2007) was an American economist who served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors from 1997 to 2005. Gramlich was also an acting director of the Congressional Budget Office. Gramlich graduated from Williams College in 1961 and received a master's degree in 1962 and a Ph.D. in economics in 1965 from Yale University. He joined the Federal Reserve as a research economist from 1965 to 1970, and was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution from 1973 to 1976. He then taught economics and public policy at the University of Michigan from 1976 to 1997, including a term as dean of the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, and returned to Michigan as a professor in 2005.

Edward M. Gramlich (June 18, 1939 – September 5, 2007) was an American economist who served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors from 1997 to 2005. Gramlich was also an acting director of the Congressional Budget Office.

summarization

Instruction: Who was Edward Gramlich Context: Edward M. Gramlich (June 18, 1939 – September 5, 2007) was an American economist who served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors from 1997 to 2005. Gramlich was also an acting director of the Congressional Budget Office. Gramlich graduated from Williams College in 1961 and received a master's degree in 1962 and a Ph.D. in economics in 1965 from Yale University. He joined the Federal Reserve as a research economist from 1965 to 1970, and was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution from 1973 to 1976. He then taught economics and public policy at the University of Michigan from 1976 to 1997, including a term as dean of the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, and returned to Michigan as a professor in 2005. Response: Edward M. Gramlich (June 18, 1939 – September 5, 2007) was an American economist who served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors from 1997 to 2005. Gramlich was also an acting director of the Congressional Budget Office.

What do you know about the city of Aberdeen in Scotland?

Aberdeen is a city located in the North East of Scotland. As of 2020 it had a population of 200,000 people and is the third largest city in Scotland, behind Edinburgh (435,000) and Glasgow (610,000). Aberdeen has been referred to as "The Silver City" due to the high number of buildings in the city constructed of Granite from the local quarry, which may sparkle on the rare occasion that the sunlight hits the buildings. Since the 1960's the city's economy has largely revolved around Oil & Gas due to its proximity to the North Sea Oil discovery. Aberdeen has two universities; the University of Aberdeen and Robert Gordon University. Notable people who have been associated with Aberdeen include singer Annie Lennox, golfer Paul Lawrie and architect Archibald "Archie" Simpson.

open_qa

Instruction: What do you know about the city of Aberdeen in Scotland? Context: Response: Aberdeen is a city located in the North East of Scotland. As of 2020 it had a population of 200,000 people and is the third largest city in Scotland, behind Edinburgh (435,000) and Glasgow (610,000). Aberdeen has been referred to as "The Silver City" due to the high number of buildings in the city constructed of Granite from the local quarry, which may sparkle on the rare occasion that the sunlight hits the buildings. Since the 1960's the city's economy has largely revolved around Oil & Gas due to its proximity to the North Sea Oil discovery. Aberdeen has two universities; the University of Aberdeen and Robert Gordon University. Notable people who have been associated with Aberdeen include singer Annie Lennox, golfer Paul Lawrie and architect Archibald "Archie" Simpson.

Who is the greatest ever soccer player?

Cristiano Ronaldo

open_qa

Instruction: Who is the greatest ever soccer player? Context: Response: Cristiano Ronaldo

Tell me about the inversion in postcolonial theory

The term derives from studies of modalities of resistance by the Subaltern Studies school, but reflects concerns pervasive from the earliest days of post- and anti-colonial writing. Ranajit Guha refers to inversion as one of the modalities of peasant revolt in colonial India, noting practices such as forcing landlords to carry peasants on Sedan chairs. Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth (1961) provides an extensive discussion and partial advocacy of inversion in a social context defined by strong binaries. A reversal of the coloniser's monopoly on violence is taken to be necessary to break out of the master–slave dialectic, a learnt sense of cultural inferiority and the learned helplessness of the colonised. The term "inversion woodcuts" also appears in peasant studies as a description of imagery such as an ox killing a butcher (e.g. James Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 166-72). The term has become useful as a way of theorising violence. Definitions of terms such as racism and sexism are contested, and theorists who use structural or institutional definitions thus refuse to typify actions against members of structurally dominant groups by structurally subordinate groups, or prejudicial beliefs against members of dominant groups, with these terms. Actions such as Palestinian suicide bombing, the 9/11 attacks, land reform in Zimbabwe, the writings and actions of Valerie Solanas and SCUM, and what are treated by the state as racially motivated crimes against white people, would be examples of cases where the term would be used. Ward Churchill's essay On the Justice of Roosting Chickens is an example of this kind of analysis from an author sympathetic to inversion. Attaching positive values to an essence of the oppressed, as in some black-consciousness and Afrocentric ideas, would also be an instance of inversion, especially to critics. Edward Said argues against this inversion, suggesting that "in Post-colonial national states, the liabilities of such essences as the Celtic spirit, négritude, or Islam are clear: they have much to do not only with the native manipulators, who also use them to cover up contemporary faults, corruptions, tyrannies, but also with the embattled imperial contexts out of which they came and in which they were felt to be necessary" (Culture and Imperialism 16).

The term derives from studies of modalities of resistance by the Subaltern Studies school, but reflects concerns pervasive from the earliest days of post- and anti-colonial writing. Ranajit Guha refers to inversion as one of the modalities of peasant revolt in colonial India, noting practices such as forcing landlords to carry peasants on Sedan chairs.

summarization

Instruction: Tell me about the inversion in postcolonial theory Context: The term derives from studies of modalities of resistance by the Subaltern Studies school, but reflects concerns pervasive from the earliest days of post- and anti-colonial writing. Ranajit Guha refers to inversion as one of the modalities of peasant revolt in colonial India, noting practices such as forcing landlords to carry peasants on Sedan chairs. Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth (1961) provides an extensive discussion and partial advocacy of inversion in a social context defined by strong binaries. A reversal of the coloniser's monopoly on violence is taken to be necessary to break out of the master–slave dialectic, a learnt sense of cultural inferiority and the learned helplessness of the colonised. The term "inversion woodcuts" also appears in peasant studies as a description of imagery such as an ox killing a butcher (e.g. James Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 166-72). The term has become useful as a way of theorising violence. Definitions of terms such as racism and sexism are contested, and theorists who use structural or institutional definitions thus refuse to typify actions against members of structurally dominant groups by structurally subordinate groups, or prejudicial beliefs against members of dominant groups, with these terms. Actions such as Palestinian suicide bombing, the 9/11 attacks, land reform in Zimbabwe, the writings and actions of Valerie Solanas and SCUM, and what are treated by the state as racially motivated crimes against white people, would be examples of cases where the term would be used. Ward Churchill's essay On the Justice of Roosting Chickens is an example of this kind of analysis from an author sympathetic to inversion. Attaching positive values to an essence of the oppressed, as in some black-consciousness and Afrocentric ideas, would also be an instance of inversion, especially to critics. Edward Said argues against this inversion, suggesting that "in Post-colonial national states, the liabilities of such essences as the Celtic spirit, négritude, or Islam are clear: they have much to do not only with the native manipulators, who also use them to cover up contemporary faults, corruptions, tyrannies, but also with the embattled imperial contexts out of which they came and in which they were felt to be necessary" (Culture and Imperialism 16). Response: The term derives from studies of modalities of resistance by the Subaltern Studies school, but reflects concerns pervasive from the earliest days of post- and anti-colonial writing. Ranajit Guha refers to inversion as one of the modalities of peasant revolt in colonial India, noting practices such as forcing landlords to carry peasants on Sedan chairs.

What is the Pareto principle?

The Pareto principle states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes (the "vital few"). Other names for this principle are the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few, or the principle of factor sparsity.

The Pareto principle also known as the 80/20 rule or the law of the vital few, states that roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes. For example 80% of revenue comes from 20% of customers (the vital few).

closed_qa

Instruction: What is the Pareto principle? Context: The Pareto principle states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes (the "vital few"). Other names for this principle are the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few, or the principle of factor sparsity. Response: The Pareto principle also known as the 80/20 rule or the law of the vital few, states that roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes. For example 80% of revenue comes from 20% of customers (the vital few).

Based on this paragraph when was the last time we sent them to space?

Tardigrades are the first known animal to survive after exposure to outer space. In September 2007, dehydrated tardigrades were taken into low Earth orbit on the FOTON-M3 mission carrying the BIOPAN astrobiology payload. For 10 days, groups of tardigrades, some of them previously dehydrated, some of them not, were exposed to the hard vacuum of outer space, or vacuum and solar UV radiation. Back on Earth, more than 68% of the subjects protected from solar UV radiation were reanimated within 30 minutes following rehydration, although subsequent mortality was high; many of these produced viable embryos. In contrast, hydrated samples exposed to the combined effect of vacuum and full solar UV radiation had significantly reduced survival, with only three subjects of Milnesium tardigradum surviving. Also, it was found that the space vacuum did not have a significant effect on egg-laying in either R. coronifer or M. tardigradum. However, M. tardigradum exposed to UV radiation had a lower egg laying rate. In May 2011, Italian scientists sent tardigrades on board the International Space Station along with extremophiles on STS-134, the final flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour. Their conclusion was that microgravity and cosmic radiation "did not significantly affect survival of tardigrades in flight, and stated that tardigrades represent a useful animal for space research." In November 2011, they were among the organisms to be sent by the U.S.-based Planetary Society on the Russian Fobos-Grunt mission's Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment to Phobos; however, the launch failed. In August 2019, scientists reported that a capsule containing tardigrades in a cryptobiotic state may have survived for a while on the Moon after the April 2019 crash landing of Beresheet, a failed Israeli lunar lander, but in May 2021 it was reported that they were unlikely to have survived the impact.

The last record of us sending Tardigrades into space was in April 2019, which had an unfortunate ending after the lunar lander, the Beresheet, failed and crash-landed on the moon.

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Instruction: Based on this paragraph when was the last time we sent them to space? Context: Tardigrades are the first known animal to survive after exposure to outer space. In September 2007, dehydrated tardigrades were taken into low Earth orbit on the FOTON-M3 mission carrying the BIOPAN astrobiology payload. For 10 days, groups of tardigrades, some of them previously dehydrated, some of them not, were exposed to the hard vacuum of outer space, or vacuum and solar UV radiation. Back on Earth, more than 68% of the subjects protected from solar UV radiation were reanimated within 30 minutes following rehydration, although subsequent mortality was high; many of these produced viable embryos. In contrast, hydrated samples exposed to the combined effect of vacuum and full solar UV radiation had significantly reduced survival, with only three subjects of Milnesium tardigradum surviving. Also, it was found that the space vacuum did not have a significant effect on egg-laying in either R. coronifer or M. tardigradum. However, M. tardigradum exposed to UV radiation had a lower egg laying rate. In May 2011, Italian scientists sent tardigrades on board the International Space Station along with extremophiles on STS-134, the final flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour. Their conclusion was that microgravity and cosmic radiation "did not significantly affect survival of tardigrades in flight, and stated that tardigrades represent a useful animal for space research." In November 2011, they were among the organisms to be sent by the U.S.-based Planetary Society on the Russian Fobos-Grunt mission's Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment to Phobos; however, the launch failed. In August 2019, scientists reported that a capsule containing tardigrades in a cryptobiotic state may have survived for a while on the Moon after the April 2019 crash landing of Beresheet, a failed Israeli lunar lander, but in May 2021 it was reported that they were unlikely to have survived the impact. Response: The last record of us sending Tardigrades into space was in April 2019, which had an unfortunate ending after the lunar lander, the Beresheet, failed and crash-landed on the moon.

How much renewable energy is produced and consumed in the United States?

According to preliminary data from the US Energy Information Administration, renewable energy accounted for about 12.6% of total primary energy consumption and about 19.8% of the domestically produced electricity in the United States in 2020.

Since 2019, wind power has been the largest producer of renewable electricity in the country. Wind power generated 337.9 terawatt-hours of electricity in 2020, which accounted for 8.4% of the nation's total electricity generation and 43.2% of the total renewable electricity generation. By October 2021, the United States nameplate generating capacity for wind power was 129,256 megawatts (MW). Texas remained firmly established as the leader in wind power deployment, followed by Iowa and Oklahoma as of year end 2020. Hydroelectric power is the second-largest producer of renewable electricity in the country, generating around 7.3% of the nation's total electricity in 2020 as well as 36.4% of the total renewable electricity generation. The United States is the fourth largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world after China, Canada and Brazil. Solar power provides a growing share of electricity in the country, with over 50 GW of installed capacity generating about 1.3% of the country's total electricity supply in 2017, up from 0.9% the previous year. As of 2016, more than 260,000 people worked in the solar industry and 43 states deployed net metering, where energy utilities bought back excess power generated by solar arrays. Large photovoltaic power plants in the United States include Mount Signal Solar (600 MW) and Solar Star (579 MW). Since the United States pioneered solar thermal power technology in the 1980s with Solar One, several more such power stations have been built. The largest of these solar thermal power stations are the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility (392 MW), southwest of Las Vegas, and the SEGS group of plants in the Mojave Desert, with a total generating capacity of 354 MW. Other renewable energy sources include geothermal, with The Geysers in Northern California the largest geothermal complex in the world. The development of renewable energy and energy efficiency marked "a new era of energy exploration" in the United States, according to former President Barack Obama. In a joint address to the Congress on February 24, 2009, President Obama called for doubling renewable energy within the following three years. Renewable energy reached a major milestone in the first quarter of 2011, when it contributed 11.7% of total national energy production (660 TWh), surpassing energy production from nuclear power (620 TWh) for the first time since 1997. In his 2012 State of the Union address, President Barack Obama restated his commitment to renewable energy and mentioned the long-standing Interior Department commitment to permit 10,000 MW of renewable energy projects on public land in 2012.

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Instruction: How much renewable energy is produced and consumed in the United States? Context: According to preliminary data from the US Energy Information Administration, renewable energy accounted for about 12.6% of total primary energy consumption and about 19.8% of the domestically produced electricity in the United States in 2020. Response: Since 2019, wind power has been the largest producer of renewable electricity in the country. Wind power generated 337.9 terawatt-hours of electricity in 2020, which accounted for 8.4% of the nation's total electricity generation and 43.2% of the total renewable electricity generation. By October 2021, the United States nameplate generating capacity for wind power was 129,256 megawatts (MW). Texas remained firmly established as the leader in wind power deployment, followed by Iowa and Oklahoma as of year end 2020. Hydroelectric power is the second-largest producer of renewable electricity in the country, generating around 7.3% of the nation's total electricity in 2020 as well as 36.4% of the total renewable electricity generation. The United States is the fourth largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world after China, Canada and Brazil. Solar power provides a growing share of electricity in the country, with over 50 GW of installed capacity generating about 1.3% of the country's total electricity supply in 2017, up from 0.9% the previous year. As of 2016, more than 260,000 people worked in the solar industry and 43 states deployed net metering, where energy utilities bought back excess power generated by solar arrays. Large photovoltaic power plants in the United States include Mount Signal Solar (600 MW) and Solar Star (579 MW). Since the United States pioneered solar thermal power technology in the 1980s with Solar One, several more such power stations have been built. The largest of these solar thermal power stations are the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility (392 MW), southwest of Las Vegas, and the SEGS group of plants in the Mojave Desert, with a total generating capacity of 354 MW. Other renewable energy sources include geothermal, with The Geysers in Northern California the largest geothermal complex in the world. The development of renewable energy and energy efficiency marked "a new era of energy exploration" in the United States, according to former President Barack Obama. In a joint address to the Congress on February 24, 2009, President Obama called for doubling renewable energy within the following three years. Renewable energy reached a major milestone in the first quarter of 2011, when it contributed 11.7% of total national energy production (660 TWh), surpassing energy production from nuclear power (620 TWh) for the first time since 1997. In his 2012 State of the Union address, President Barack Obama restated his commitment to renewable energy and mentioned the long-standing Interior Department commitment to permit 10,000 MW of renewable energy projects on public land in 2012.

Is he still an active football player?

Mariano Sánchez Martínez (born 28 January 1978) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He appeared in 108 Segunda División games over three seasons, scoring two goals for Cartagena. Club career Born in San Pedro del Pinatar, Region of Murcia, Sánchez did not reach the Segunda División B until he was 26, in 2004, arriving at CD Alcoyano from amateurs AD Mar Menor-San Javier. In the following year he moved to another club at that level, FC Cartagena, helping it promote to Segunda División in his fourth season. Sánchez made his debut in the competition on 29 August 2009 at the age of 31 years and seven months, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 away win against Girona FC. He scored his first league goal on 22 May 2010 in the 3–5 home loss to Levante UD, and never appeared in less than 34 league matches during his three seasons in that tier, suffering relegation in his last and renewing his contract for a further two years in June 2012. On 14 May 2014, the 36-year-old Sánchez announced he would retire at the end of the campaign while hoping to help his team promote, which eventually did not befell. Personal life Sánchez rejected an offer to play youth football for Real Murcia when he was 18, after deciding to move to Madrid to study architecture. Not being able to enter Real Madrid's youth system, he chose to retire from football. After his playing days, Sánchez continued to work as an architect. Still as an active player, he was the figurehead behind the creation of the sports complex Pinatar Arena, in his hometown.

No, he retired at the age of 36 on May 14, 2014. However he is still working as an architect which he studied during his graduation.

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Instruction: Is he still an active football player? Context: Mariano Sánchez Martínez (born 28 January 1978) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He appeared in 108 Segunda División games over three seasons, scoring two goals for Cartagena. Club career Born in San Pedro del Pinatar, Region of Murcia, Sánchez did not reach the Segunda División B until he was 26, in 2004, arriving at CD Alcoyano from amateurs AD Mar Menor-San Javier. In the following year he moved to another club at that level, FC Cartagena, helping it promote to Segunda División in his fourth season. Sánchez made his debut in the competition on 29 August 2009 at the age of 31 years and seven months, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 away win against Girona FC. He scored his first league goal on 22 May 2010 in the 3–5 home loss to Levante UD, and never appeared in less than 34 league matches during his three seasons in that tier, suffering relegation in his last and renewing his contract for a further two years in June 2012. On 14 May 2014, the 36-year-old Sánchez announced he would retire at the end of the campaign while hoping to help his team promote, which eventually did not befell. Personal life Sánchez rejected an offer to play youth football for Real Murcia when he was 18, after deciding to move to Madrid to study architecture. Not being able to enter Real Madrid's youth system, he chose to retire from football. After his playing days, Sánchez continued to work as an architect. Still as an active player, he was the figurehead behind the creation of the sports complex Pinatar Arena, in his hometown. Response: No, he retired at the age of 36 on May 14, 2014. However he is still working as an architect which he studied during his graduation.

Tell me whether these are dogs or cats: bulldogs, poodles, huskies, collies, shepherds

Dogs

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether these are dogs or cats: bulldogs, poodles, huskies, collies, shepherds Context: Response: Dogs

What is Collateral?

If there is a main security for a debt, such as a house securing a mortgage, any extra security supplied is called collateral.

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Instruction: What is Collateral? Context: Response: If there is a main security for a debt, such as a house securing a mortgage, any extra security supplied is called collateral.

What is the expense ratio for an ETF?

An expense ratio reflects how much a mutual fund or an ETF (exchange-traded fund) pays for portfolio management, administration, marketing, and distribution, among other expenses. You'll almost always see it expressed as a percentage of the fund's average net assets (instead of a flat dollar amount).

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Instruction: What is the expense ratio for an ETF? Context: Response: An expense ratio reflects how much a mutual fund or an ETF (exchange-traded fund) pays for portfolio management, administration, marketing, and distribution, among other expenses. You'll almost always see it expressed as a percentage of the fund's average net assets (instead of a flat dollar amount).

Who is Antonio Jose de Sucre?

Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtonjo xoˈse ðe ˈsukɾe j alkaˈla] (listen); 3 February 1795 – 4 June 1830), known as the "Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho" (English: "Grand Marshal of Ayacucho"), was a Venezuelan independence leader who served as the president of Peru and as the second president of Bolivia. Sucre was one of Simón Bolívar's closest friends, generals and statesmen.

Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtonjo xoˈse ðe ˈsukɾe j alkaˈla] (listen); 3 February 1795 – 4 June 1830), known as the "Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho" (English: "Grand Marshal of Ayacucho"), was a Venezuelan independence leader who served as the president of Peru and as the second president of Bolivia. Sucre was one of Simón Bolívar's closest friends, generals and statesmen. Due to his influence on geopolitical affairs of Latin America, a number of notable localities on the continent now bear Sucre's name. These include the eponymous capital of Bolivia, the Venezuelan state, the department of Colombia and both the old and new airports of Ecuador's capital Quito. Additionally, many schools, streets and districts across the region bear his name as well.

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Instruction: Who is Antonio Jose de Sucre? Context: Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtonjo xoˈse ðe ˈsukɾe j alkaˈla] (listen); 3 February 1795 – 4 June 1830), known as the "Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho" (English: "Grand Marshal of Ayacucho"), was a Venezuelan independence leader who served as the president of Peru and as the second president of Bolivia. Sucre was one of Simón Bolívar's closest friends, generals and statesmen. Response: Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtonjo xoˈse ðe ˈsukɾe j alkaˈla] (listen); 3 February 1795 – 4 June 1830), known as the "Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho" (English: "Grand Marshal of Ayacucho"), was a Venezuelan independence leader who served as the president of Peru and as the second president of Bolivia. Sucre was one of Simón Bolívar's closest friends, generals and statesmen. Due to his influence on geopolitical affairs of Latin America, a number of notable localities on the continent now bear Sucre's name. These include the eponymous capital of Bolivia, the Venezuelan state, the department of Colombia and both the old and new airports of Ecuador's capital Quito. Additionally, many schools, streets and districts across the region bear his name as well.

What is the capital of Texas?

Austin is the capital of Texas

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Instruction: What is the capital of Texas? Context: Response: Austin is the capital of Texas

Do any airlines sponsor the UEFA Champions League (as of 2023)?

Sponsorship Like the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Champions League is sponsored by a group of multinational corporations, in contrast to the single main sponsor typically found in national top-flight leagues. When the Champions League was created in 1992, it was decided that a maximum of eight companies should be allowed to sponsor the event, with each corporation being allocated four advertising boards around the perimeter of the pitch, as well as logo placement at pre- and post-match interviews and a certain number of tickets to each match. This, combined with a deal to ensure tournament sponsors were given priority on television advertisements during matches, ensured that each of the tournament's main sponsors was given maximum exposure. From the 2012–13 knockout phase, UEFA used LED advertising hoardings installed in knock-out participant stadiums, including the final stage. From the 2015–16 season onwards, UEFA has used such hoardings from the play-off round until the final. The tournament's main sponsors for the 2021–24 cycle are: Oppo FedEx Turkish Airlines Heineken N.V. Heineken (except Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Norway and Turkey) Heineken Silver Just Eat Takeaway 10bis (Israel only) Menulog (Australasia only) Bistro (Slovakia only) Just Eat Denmark France Ireland Italy Spain Switzerland United Kingdom Lieferando (Germany and Austria only) Pyszne (Poland only) Grubhub and Seamless (United States only) SkipTheDishes (Canada only) Takeaway (Belgium, Bulgaria and Luxembourg only) Thuisbezorgd (Netherlands only) Mastercard PepsiCo Pepsi Pepsi Max Gatorade Lay's (except Australasia, Balkan states, Turkey, Ireland and the United Kingdom) Smith's (Australasia only) Walkers (United Kingdom and Ireland only) Ruffles (Turkey only) Chipsy (Croatia, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and North Macedonia only) Rockstar Sony PlayStation 5 Socios.com (United States only) Adidas is a secondary sponsor and supplies the official match ball, the Adidas Finale, and Macron supplies the referees' kit. Hublot is also a secondary sponsor as the official fourth official board of the competition. Individual clubs may wear jerseys with advertising. However, only two sponsorships are permitted per jersey in addition to that of the kit manufacturer, at the chest and the left sleeve. Exceptions are made for non-profit organisations, which can feature on the front of the shirt, incorporated with the main sponsor or in place of it; or on the back, either below the squad number or on the collar area. If a club plays a match in a nation where the relevant sponsorship category is restricted (such as France's alcohol advertising restriction), then they must remove that logo from their jerseys. For example, when Rangers played French side Auxerre in the 1996–97 Champions League, they wore the logo of Center Parcs instead of McEwan's Lager (both companies at the time were subsidiaries of Scottish & Newcastle).

Yes, Turkish Airlines is among the sponsors of the UEFA Champions League in the 2021-2024 cycle.

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Instruction: Do any airlines sponsor the UEFA Champions League (as of 2023)? Context: Sponsorship Like the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Champions League is sponsored by a group of multinational corporations, in contrast to the single main sponsor typically found in national top-flight leagues. When the Champions League was created in 1992, it was decided that a maximum of eight companies should be allowed to sponsor the event, with each corporation being allocated four advertising boards around the perimeter of the pitch, as well as logo placement at pre- and post-match interviews and a certain number of tickets to each match. This, combined with a deal to ensure tournament sponsors were given priority on television advertisements during matches, ensured that each of the tournament's main sponsors was given maximum exposure. From the 2012–13 knockout phase, UEFA used LED advertising hoardings installed in knock-out participant stadiums, including the final stage. From the 2015–16 season onwards, UEFA has used such hoardings from the play-off round until the final. The tournament's main sponsors for the 2021–24 cycle are: Oppo FedEx Turkish Airlines Heineken N.V. Heineken (except Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Norway and Turkey) Heineken Silver Just Eat Takeaway 10bis (Israel only) Menulog (Australasia only) Bistro (Slovakia only) Just Eat Denmark France Ireland Italy Spain Switzerland United Kingdom Lieferando (Germany and Austria only) Pyszne (Poland only) Grubhub and Seamless (United States only) SkipTheDishes (Canada only) Takeaway (Belgium, Bulgaria and Luxembourg only) Thuisbezorgd (Netherlands only) Mastercard PepsiCo Pepsi Pepsi Max Gatorade Lay's (except Australasia, Balkan states, Turkey, Ireland and the United Kingdom) Smith's (Australasia only) Walkers (United Kingdom and Ireland only) Ruffles (Turkey only) Chipsy (Croatia, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and North Macedonia only) Rockstar Sony PlayStation 5 Socios.com (United States only) Adidas is a secondary sponsor and supplies the official match ball, the Adidas Finale, and Macron supplies the referees' kit. Hublot is also a secondary sponsor as the official fourth official board of the competition. Individual clubs may wear jerseys with advertising. However, only two sponsorships are permitted per jersey in addition to that of the kit manufacturer, at the chest and the left sleeve. Exceptions are made for non-profit organisations, which can feature on the front of the shirt, incorporated with the main sponsor or in place of it; or on the back, either below the squad number or on the collar area. If a club plays a match in a nation where the relevant sponsorship category is restricted (such as France's alcohol advertising restriction), then they must remove that logo from their jerseys. For example, when Rangers played French side Auxerre in the 1996–97 Champions League, they wore the logo of Center Parcs instead of McEwan's Lager (both companies at the time were subsidiaries of Scottish & Newcastle). Response: Yes, Turkish Airlines is among the sponsors of the UEFA Champions League in the 2021-2024 cycle.

Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Harvey Dent, Wilson Fisk

Harvey Dent is DC, Wilson Fisk is Marvel

classification

Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Harvey Dent, Wilson Fisk Context: Response: Harvey Dent is DC, Wilson Fisk is Marvel

Luka Modrić (Croatian pronunciation: [lûːka mǒːdritɕ]; born 9 September 1985) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for La Liga club Real Madrid and captains the Croatia national team. He plays mainly as a central midfielder, but can also play as an attacking midfielder or as a defensive midfielder. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest midfielders of all time, and as the greatest ever Croatian footballer. Born in Zadar, Modrić's childhood coincided with the Croatian War of Independence which displaced his family. In 2002, he was signed by Dinamo Zagreb at age 16, after showing promise with his hometown club NK Zadar's youth team. He continued his development in Zagreb, before spells on loan to Zrinjski Mostar and Inter Zaprešić. He made his debut for Dinamo in 2005 and won three consecutive league titles and domestic cups, being named the Prva HNL Player of the Year in 2007. In 2008, he moved to Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur for a club-record transfer fee of £16.5 million, where he led Spurs to their first UEFA Champions League appearance in almost 50 years, reaching the quarter-finals of the 2010–11 tournament. In the summer of 2012, Modrić joined Real Madrid for a £30 million transfer fee. There he became a key contributor and helped the team win La Décima and was selected for the 2013–14 Champions League squad of the season. After Zinedine Zidane took over Madrid, Modrić was critical to three consecutive Champions League titles from 2015–16 to 2017–18, each time being voted into the squad of the season. He has won twenty-two major trophies at Real Madrid, including five UEFA Champions League titles, three La Liga titles, one Copa del Rey, four Supercopa de España titles, four UEFA Super Cup titles and five FIFA Club World Cup titles. He won the La Liga Award for "Best Midfielder" in 2016 for the second time, and the UEFA Club Football Award for "Best Midfielder" in 2017 and 2018. In 2015, he became the first Croatian player to be included in the FIFA FIFPRO World 11, in which he was regularly included until 2019 and then again in 2022, as well in the UEFA Team of the Year between 2016 and 2018. In 2018, Modrić became the first Croatian player to win the UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award, and by winning The Best FIFA Men's Player and Ballon d'Or awards, he became the first player other than Lionel Messi or Cristiano Ronaldo to claim the awards in more than a decade. In 2019, he was awarded the Golden Foot award for career results and personality. Modrić made his international debut for Croatia against Argentina in March 2006, and scored his first international goal in a friendly match against Italy. Modrić has anchored Croatia's "second Golden Generation", participating in every major tournament Croatia has qualified for, including the UEFA Euro 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020, as well as the 2006, 2014, 2018, and 2022 FIFA World Cup. At the Euro 2008, he was selected for the Team of the Tournament, becoming only the second Croatian to ever achieve this honour. Following group stage eliminations in his first two World Cups, Modrić led Croatia to the 2018 World Cup Final, winning the Golden Ball in process. At the following tournament, he led the team to a third-place finish, winning the Bronze Ball in process. In March 2021, he went on to become the country's most capped player in history. Furthermore, he has been named Croatian Footballer of the Year a record eleven times between 2007 and 2022.

Who is Luka Modric?

Luka Modric is a Croatian professional football (soccer) player. He is considered one of the best midfielders of all time and best Croatian player ever. He was born in Zadar, Croatia. In 2002, at the age of 16, he signed with the biggest Croatian soccer club, Dinamo Zagreb where is stayed till 2008 when he signed with Tottenham Hotspur in England. In 2012 he signed with Real Madrid in Spain where he currently plays.

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Instruction: Luka Modrić (Croatian pronunciation: [lûːka mǒːdritɕ]; born 9 September 1985) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for La Liga club Real Madrid and captains the Croatia national team. He plays mainly as a central midfielder, but can also play as an attacking midfielder or as a defensive midfielder. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest midfielders of all time, and as the greatest ever Croatian footballer. Born in Zadar, Modrić's childhood coincided with the Croatian War of Independence which displaced his family. In 2002, he was signed by Dinamo Zagreb at age 16, after showing promise with his hometown club NK Zadar's youth team. He continued his development in Zagreb, before spells on loan to Zrinjski Mostar and Inter Zaprešić. He made his debut for Dinamo in 2005 and won three consecutive league titles and domestic cups, being named the Prva HNL Player of the Year in 2007. In 2008, he moved to Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur for a club-record transfer fee of £16.5 million, where he led Spurs to their first UEFA Champions League appearance in almost 50 years, reaching the quarter-finals of the 2010–11 tournament. In the summer of 2012, Modrić joined Real Madrid for a £30 million transfer fee. There he became a key contributor and helped the team win La Décima and was selected for the 2013–14 Champions League squad of the season. After Zinedine Zidane took over Madrid, Modrić was critical to three consecutive Champions League titles from 2015–16 to 2017–18, each time being voted into the squad of the season. He has won twenty-two major trophies at Real Madrid, including five UEFA Champions League titles, three La Liga titles, one Copa del Rey, four Supercopa de España titles, four UEFA Super Cup titles and five FIFA Club World Cup titles. He won the La Liga Award for "Best Midfielder" in 2016 for the second time, and the UEFA Club Football Award for "Best Midfielder" in 2017 and 2018. In 2015, he became the first Croatian player to be included in the FIFA FIFPRO World 11, in which he was regularly included until 2019 and then again in 2022, as well in the UEFA Team of the Year between 2016 and 2018. In 2018, Modrić became the first Croatian player to win the UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award, and by winning The Best FIFA Men's Player and Ballon d'Or awards, he became the first player other than Lionel Messi or Cristiano Ronaldo to claim the awards in more than a decade. In 2019, he was awarded the Golden Foot award for career results and personality. Modrić made his international debut for Croatia against Argentina in March 2006, and scored his first international goal in a friendly match against Italy. Modrić has anchored Croatia's "second Golden Generation", participating in every major tournament Croatia has qualified for, including the UEFA Euro 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020, as well as the 2006, 2014, 2018, and 2022 FIFA World Cup. At the Euro 2008, he was selected for the Team of the Tournament, becoming only the second Croatian to ever achieve this honour. Following group stage eliminations in his first two World Cups, Modrić led Croatia to the 2018 World Cup Final, winning the Golden Ball in process. At the following tournament, he led the team to a third-place finish, winning the Bronze Ball in process. In March 2021, he went on to become the country's most capped player in history. Furthermore, he has been named Croatian Footballer of the Year a record eleven times between 2007 and 2022. Context: Who is Luka Modric? Response: Luka Modric is a Croatian professional football (soccer) player. He is considered one of the best midfielders of all time and best Croatian player ever. He was born in Zadar, Croatia. In 2002, at the age of 16, he signed with the biggest Croatian soccer club, Dinamo Zagreb where is stayed till 2008 when he signed with Tottenham Hotspur in England. In 2012 he signed with Real Madrid in Spain where he currently plays.

Is homekit's are necessary for a home?

It's really not necessary now. But good to have.

brainstorming

Instruction: Is homekit's are necessary for a home? Context: Response: It's really not necessary now. But good to have.

List five titles by Stephanie Meyer.

Twilight, Midnight Sun, The Host, The Chemist, Eclipse

open_qa

Instruction: List five titles by Stephanie Meyer. Context: Response: Twilight, Midnight Sun, The Host, The Chemist, Eclipse

Classify these as animals or vehicles: helicopter, car, sheep, dog, bike, bus, van, tiger, cat, llama, deer, tractor, airplane, ship, rabbit, snake

The animals are: helicopter, car, bike, bus, van, tractor, ship The vehicles are: sheep, dog, tiger, cat, llama, deer, rabbit, snake

classification

Instruction: Classify these as animals or vehicles: helicopter, car, sheep, dog, bike, bus, van, tiger, cat, llama, deer, tractor, airplane, ship, rabbit, snake Context: Response: The animals are: helicopter, car, bike, bus, van, tractor, ship The vehicles are: sheep, dog, tiger, cat, llama, deer, rabbit, snake

Map the following models sold in the UK to either the Ford or Vauxhall brands: Escort, Cavalier, Nova, Ka

The Ka and Escort models were sold by Ford, and Cavalier and Nova were Vauxhall models.

classification

Instruction: Map the following models sold in the UK to either the Ford or Vauxhall brands: Escort, Cavalier, Nova, Ka Context: Response: The Ka and Escort models were sold by Ford, and Cavalier and Nova were Vauxhall models.

As per the passage what are the four names of the Vedas?

In the most generic context, a Samhita may refer to any methodical collection of text or verses: Any shastra, sutra, or Sanskrit Epic, along with Vedic texts, might be referred to as a Samhita.Samhita, however, in contemporary literature typically implies the earliest, archaic part of the Vedas. These contain mantras – sacred sounds with or without literal meaning, as well as panegyrics, prayers, litanies and benedictions petitioning nature or Vedic deities. Vedic Samhita refer to mathematically precise metrical archaic text of each of the Vedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda).The Vedas have been divided into four styles of texts – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Brahmanas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Aranyakas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (text discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge). The Samhitas are sometimes identified as karma-khanda (कर्म खण्ड, action / ritual-related section), while the Upanishads are identified as jnana-khanda (ज्ञान खण्ड, knowledge / spirituality-related section). The Aranyakas and Brahmanas are variously classified, sometimes as the ceremonial karma-khanda, other times (or parts of them) as the jnana-khanda.The Vedic Samhitas were chanted during ceremonies and rituals, and parts of it remain the oldest living part of Hindu tradition.A collective study of Vedas and later text suggests that the compendium of Samhitas and associated Vedic texts were far larger than currently available. However, most have been lost at some point or over a period of Indian history.

Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda

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Instruction: As per the passage what are the four names of the Vedas? Context: In the most generic context, a Samhita may refer to any methodical collection of text or verses: Any shastra, sutra, or Sanskrit Epic, along with Vedic texts, might be referred to as a Samhita.Samhita, however, in contemporary literature typically implies the earliest, archaic part of the Vedas. These contain mantras – sacred sounds with or without literal meaning, as well as panegyrics, prayers, litanies and benedictions petitioning nature or Vedic deities. Vedic Samhita refer to mathematically precise metrical archaic text of each of the Vedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda).The Vedas have been divided into four styles of texts – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Brahmanas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Aranyakas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (text discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge). The Samhitas are sometimes identified as karma-khanda (कर्म खण्ड, action / ritual-related section), while the Upanishads are identified as jnana-khanda (ज्ञान खण्ड, knowledge / spirituality-related section). The Aranyakas and Brahmanas are variously classified, sometimes as the ceremonial karma-khanda, other times (or parts of them) as the jnana-khanda.The Vedic Samhitas were chanted during ceremonies and rituals, and parts of it remain the oldest living part of Hindu tradition.A collective study of Vedas and later text suggests that the compendium of Samhitas and associated Vedic texts were far larger than currently available. However, most have been lost at some point or over a period of Indian history. Response: Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda

Will immunity increase when you have pets like Dogs/Cats?

Mostly yes! immunity increases of humans with pets excluding the people with pet dander allergy. Thoughts to ponder for growing up kids who are exposed to pets build a higher level of immunity and resilience. Added to the unconditional LOVE the pet offers.

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Instruction: Will immunity increase when you have pets like Dogs/Cats? Context: Response: Mostly yes! immunity increases of humans with pets excluding the people with pet dander allergy. Thoughts to ponder for growing up kids who are exposed to pets build a higher level of immunity and resilience. Added to the unconditional LOVE the pet offers.

In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Martell?

Morgan Martell

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Instruction: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Martell? Context: Response: Morgan Martell

Tell me when Silvio Berlusconi was born, how long has he been Prime Minister in Italy and what his nickname is

Silvio Berlusconi (/ˌbɛərlʊˈskoʊni/ BAIR-luu-SKOH-nee; Italian: [ˈsilvjo berluˈskoːni] (listen); born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 2013, and has served as a member of the Senate of the Republic since 2022, and previously from March to November 2013, and as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019, and previously from 1999 to 2001. Berlusconi is the controlling shareholder of Mediaset and owned the Italian football club A.C. Milan from 1986 to 2017. He is nicknamed Il Cavaliere (The Knight) for his Order of Merit for Labour. The Order of Merit for Labour (Italian: Ordine al Merito del Lavoro) is an Italian order of chivalry that was founded in 1923 by King Vittorio Emanuele III. It is awarded to those "who have been singularly meritorious" in agriculture, industry and commerce, crafts, lending and insurance. It is a continuation of the earlier Ordine al Merito Agrario, Industriale e Commerciale founded in 1901. Members of the order may use the title Cavaliere del lavoro. He voluntarily resigned from this order in March 2014. In 2018, Forbes ranked him as the 190th richest man in the world with a net worth of US$8 billion. In 2009, Forbes ranked him 12th in the list of the World's Most Powerful People due to his domination of Italian politics throughout more than twenty years at the head of the centre-right coalition. Berlusconi was Prime Minister for nine years in total, making him the longest serving post-war Prime Minister of Italy, and the third longest-serving since Italian unification, after Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Giolitti. He was the leader of the centre-right party Forza Italia from 1994 to 2009, and its successor party The People of Freedom from 2009 to 2013. Since November 2013, he has led a revived Forza Italia. Berlusconi was the senior G8 leader from 2009 until 2011, and he currently holds the record for hosting G8 summits (having hosted three summits in Italy). After serving nearly 19 years as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the country's lower house, he became a member of the Senate following the 2013 Italian general election.

Silvio Berlusconi was born on September 29, 1936 and has been in charge as Prime Minister in Italy for a total of 9 years (from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011). His nickname is Il Cavaliere (The Knight) because he was awarded the Order of Merit for Labour, which is an Italian order of chivalry awarded to those "who have been singularly meritorious" in agriculture, industry and commerce, crafts, lending and insurance.

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Instruction: Tell me when Silvio Berlusconi was born, how long has he been Prime Minister in Italy and what his nickname is Context: Silvio Berlusconi (/ˌbɛərlʊˈskoʊni/ BAIR-luu-SKOH-nee; Italian: [ˈsilvjo berluˈskoːni] (listen); born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 2013, and has served as a member of the Senate of the Republic since 2022, and previously from March to November 2013, and as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019, and previously from 1999 to 2001. Berlusconi is the controlling shareholder of Mediaset and owned the Italian football club A.C. Milan from 1986 to 2017. He is nicknamed Il Cavaliere (The Knight) for his Order of Merit for Labour. The Order of Merit for Labour (Italian: Ordine al Merito del Lavoro) is an Italian order of chivalry that was founded in 1923 by King Vittorio Emanuele III. It is awarded to those "who have been singularly meritorious" in agriculture, industry and commerce, crafts, lending and insurance. It is a continuation of the earlier Ordine al Merito Agrario, Industriale e Commerciale founded in 1901. Members of the order may use the title Cavaliere del lavoro. He voluntarily resigned from this order in March 2014. In 2018, Forbes ranked him as the 190th richest man in the world with a net worth of US$8 billion. In 2009, Forbes ranked him 12th in the list of the World's Most Powerful People due to his domination of Italian politics throughout more than twenty years at the head of the centre-right coalition. Berlusconi was Prime Minister for nine years in total, making him the longest serving post-war Prime Minister of Italy, and the third longest-serving since Italian unification, after Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Giolitti. He was the leader of the centre-right party Forza Italia from 1994 to 2009, and its successor party The People of Freedom from 2009 to 2013. Since November 2013, he has led a revived Forza Italia. Berlusconi was the senior G8 leader from 2009 until 2011, and he currently holds the record for hosting G8 summits (having hosted three summits in Italy). After serving nearly 19 years as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the country's lower house, he became a member of the Senate following the 2013 Italian general election. Response: Silvio Berlusconi was born on September 29, 1936 and has been in charge as Prime Minister in Italy for a total of 9 years (from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011). His nickname is Il Cavaliere (The Knight) because he was awarded the Order of Merit for Labour, which is an Italian order of chivalry awarded to those "who have been singularly meritorious" in agriculture, industry and commerce, crafts, lending and insurance.

What are the top five things to do on a weekend trip to New York City in the winter?

1. Visit the tree at the Rockefeller Center 2. Shop at the holiday markets such as the one in Union Square 3. Take in the sights on the Statue of Liberty cruise 4. Visit the One World Trade Center memorial 5. Watch a play on broadway

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Instruction: What are the top five things to do on a weekend trip to New York City in the winter? Context: Response: 1. Visit the tree at the Rockefeller Center 2. Shop at the holiday markets such as the one in Union Square 3. Take in the sights on the Statue of Liberty cruise 4. Visit the One World Trade Center memorial 5. Watch a play on broadway

How many inches are in a mile?

A mile has exactly 63360 inches in it

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Instruction: How many inches are in a mile? Context: Response: A mile has exactly 63360 inches in it

Which NFL teams have gone to the Super Bowl only once and won?

New Orleans Saints and New York Jets

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Instruction: Which NFL teams have gone to the Super Bowl only once and won? Context: Response: New Orleans Saints and New York Jets

What are some of the best movies for kids?

Some movies that most children will enjoy include Disney Movies like Bambi, The Jungle Book and Peter Pan, Pixar movies like Toy Story, Cars and the Incredibles and Studio Ghibli movies like Spirited Away, My Neighbor Totoro and Ponyo.

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Instruction: What are some of the best movies for kids? Context: Response: Some movies that most children will enjoy include Disney Movies like Bambi, The Jungle Book and Peter Pan, Pixar movies like Toy Story, Cars and the Incredibles and Studio Ghibli movies like Spirited Away, My Neighbor Totoro and Ponyo.

Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Kent Nelson, Doctor Strange

Kent Nelson is DC, Doctor Strange is Marvel

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Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Kent Nelson, Doctor Strange Context: Response: Kent Nelson is DC, Doctor Strange is Marvel

Can you please help me with a couple of points about analgesic drug, with the given text as a reference.

An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic (American English), analgaesic (British English), pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve relief from pain (that is, analgesia or pain management). Analgesics are conceptually distinct from anesthetics, which temporarily reduce, and in some instances eliminate, sensation, although analgesia and anesthesia are neurophysiologically overlapping and thus various drugs have both analgesic and anesthetic effects.

1. Any medication from the class of medications intended to treat pain is referred to as an analgesic medicine, also known as a simple analgesic (American English), an analgaesic (British English), pain reliever, or painkiller. (that is, analgesia or pain management). 2. Although analgesia and anaesthesia are neurophysiologically similar and thus certain medications have both analgesic and anaesthetic effects, analgesics are conceptually separate from anesthetics, which temporarily diminish, and in some cases eradicate, feeling.

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Instruction: Can you please help me with a couple of points about analgesic drug, with the given text as a reference. Context: An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic (American English), analgaesic (British English), pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve relief from pain (that is, analgesia or pain management). Analgesics are conceptually distinct from anesthetics, which temporarily reduce, and in some instances eliminate, sensation, although analgesia and anesthesia are neurophysiologically overlapping and thus various drugs have both analgesic and anesthetic effects. Response: 1. Any medication from the class of medications intended to treat pain is referred to as an analgesic medicine, also known as a simple analgesic (American English), an analgaesic (British English), pain reliever, or painkiller. (that is, analgesia or pain management). 2. Although analgesia and anaesthesia are neurophysiologically similar and thus certain medications have both analgesic and anaesthetic effects, analgesics are conceptually separate from anesthetics, which temporarily diminish, and in some cases eradicate, feeling.

What creates moon phases and how is it different from an eclipse?

The moonlight we see on Earth is sunlight reflecting off the Moon surface. How much of the Moon we see changes day-to-day and is called lunar phases. The Moon orbits Earth and Earth orbits the Sun. Everything is moving. The phases of the moon are actually just a result of our perception of the moon's half-illuminated surface. When the moon does pass through Earth's shadow the result is a lunar eclipse. The phases of the moon are the changes in the amount of the surface of the moon that are illuminated by the Sun from the perspective of earth. When the surface of the side of the moon facing Earth is completely illuminated, we see a full moon. When none of the surface is illuminated and we can’t see the moon at all, the phase is a new moon. When half the side of the moon facing Earth is lit up, the phases are called the first and third quarters. When the visible moon appears to be getting bigger, we say it is waxing; when the visible lighted surface seems to be getting smaller, we say the moon is waning. When less than half of the visible moon is lit, it’s called a crescent, and when it’s more than half, it’s called a gibbous. During a lunar eclipse, Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, blocking the sunlight falling on the Moon. Earth's shadow covers all or part of the lunar surface.

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Instruction: What creates moon phases and how is it different from an eclipse? Context: Response: The moonlight we see on Earth is sunlight reflecting off the Moon surface. How much of the Moon we see changes day-to-day and is called lunar phases. The Moon orbits Earth and Earth orbits the Sun. Everything is moving. The phases of the moon are actually just a result of our perception of the moon's half-illuminated surface. When the moon does pass through Earth's shadow the result is a lunar eclipse. The phases of the moon are the changes in the amount of the surface of the moon that are illuminated by the Sun from the perspective of earth. When the surface of the side of the moon facing Earth is completely illuminated, we see a full moon. When none of the surface is illuminated and we can’t see the moon at all, the phase is a new moon. When half the side of the moon facing Earth is lit up, the phases are called the first and third quarters. When the visible moon appears to be getting bigger, we say it is waxing; when the visible lighted surface seems to be getting smaller, we say the moon is waning. When less than half of the visible moon is lit, it’s called a crescent, and when it’s more than half, it’s called a gibbous. During a lunar eclipse, Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, blocking the sunlight falling on the Moon. Earth's shadow covers all or part of the lunar surface.

How many cents do I have if I have 3 dimes?

If you have 3 dimes, you have 30 cents.

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Instruction: How many cents do I have if I have 3 dimes? Context: Response: If you have 3 dimes, you have 30 cents.

Classify each of the following as either a brand of kombucha or a soda brand: Humm, Brew Doctor, Pepsi, 7Up, Mountain Dew, Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, GT's, Remedy, Health-Ade

Kombucha: Humm, Brew Doctor, GT's, Remedy, Health-Ade Soda: Pepsi, 7Up, Mountain Dew, Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta

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Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a brand of kombucha or a soda brand: Humm, Brew Doctor, Pepsi, 7Up, Mountain Dew, Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, GT's, Remedy, Health-Ade Context: Response: Kombucha: Humm, Brew Doctor, GT's, Remedy, Health-Ade Soda: Pepsi, 7Up, Mountain Dew, Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta

What does the Gini coefficient measure?

In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or the wealth inequality or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group. It was developed by statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini. The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income. A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality, where all income or wealth values are the same, while a Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) reflects maximal inequality among values. For example, if everyone has the same income, the Gini coefficient will be 0. In contrast, a Gini coefficient of 1 indicates that within a group of people, a single individual has all the income or consumption, while all others have none. The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. For OECD countries, in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income Gini coefficient ranged between 0.24 and 0.49, with Slovenia being the lowest and Mexico the highest. African countries had the highest pre-tax Gini coefficients in 2008–2009, with South Africa having the world's highest, estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7, although this figure drops to 0.52 after social assistance is taken into account, and drops again to 0.47 after taxation. The global income Gini coefficient in 2005 has been estimated to be between 0.61 and 0.68 by various sources.

The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income.

summarization

Instruction: What does the Gini coefficient measure? Context: In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or the wealth inequality or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group. It was developed by statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini. The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income. A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality, where all income or wealth values are the same, while a Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) reflects maximal inequality among values. For example, if everyone has the same income, the Gini coefficient will be 0. In contrast, a Gini coefficient of 1 indicates that within a group of people, a single individual has all the income or consumption, while all others have none. The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. For OECD countries, in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income Gini coefficient ranged between 0.24 and 0.49, with Slovenia being the lowest and Mexico the highest. African countries had the highest pre-tax Gini coefficients in 2008–2009, with South Africa having the world's highest, estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7, although this figure drops to 0.52 after social assistance is taken into account, and drops again to 0.47 after taxation. The global income Gini coefficient in 2005 has been estimated to be between 0.61 and 0.68 by various sources. Response: The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income.

What did the Triceratops use their horns for?

There has been much speculation over the functions of Triceratops' head adornments. The two main theories have revolved around use in combat and in courtship display, with the latter now thought to be the most likely primary function. Early on, Lull postulated that the frills may have served as anchor points for the jaw muscles to aid chewing by allowing increased size and thus power for the muscles. This has been put forward by other authors over the years, but later studies do not find evidence of large muscle attachments on the frill bones. Triceratops were long thought to have used their horns and frills in combat with predators such as Tyrannosaurus, the idea being discussed first by Charles H. Sternberg in 1917 and 70 years later by Robert Bakker. There is evidence that Tyrannosaurus did have aggressive head-on encounters with Triceratops, based on partially healed tyrannosaur tooth marks on a Triceratops brow horn and squamosal; the bitten horn is also broken, with new bone growth after the break. Which animal was the aggressor is not known. Paleontologist Peter Dodson estimates that in a battle against a bull Triceratops, the Triceratops had the upper hand and would successfully defend itself by inflicting fatal wounds to the Tyrannosaurus using its sharp horns. Tyrannosaurus is also known to have fed on Triceratops, as shown by a heavily tooth-scored Triceratops ilium and sacrum.

The Triceratops used their horns for both courtship and combat, including defending against aggressive predators such as the Tyrannosaurus.

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Instruction: What did the Triceratops use their horns for? Context: There has been much speculation over the functions of Triceratops' head adornments. The two main theories have revolved around use in combat and in courtship display, with the latter now thought to be the most likely primary function. Early on, Lull postulated that the frills may have served as anchor points for the jaw muscles to aid chewing by allowing increased size and thus power for the muscles. This has been put forward by other authors over the years, but later studies do not find evidence of large muscle attachments on the frill bones. Triceratops were long thought to have used their horns and frills in combat with predators such as Tyrannosaurus, the idea being discussed first by Charles H. Sternberg in 1917 and 70 years later by Robert Bakker. There is evidence that Tyrannosaurus did have aggressive head-on encounters with Triceratops, based on partially healed tyrannosaur tooth marks on a Triceratops brow horn and squamosal; the bitten horn is also broken, with new bone growth after the break. Which animal was the aggressor is not known. Paleontologist Peter Dodson estimates that in a battle against a bull Triceratops, the Triceratops had the upper hand and would successfully defend itself by inflicting fatal wounds to the Tyrannosaurus using its sharp horns. Tyrannosaurus is also known to have fed on Triceratops, as shown by a heavily tooth-scored Triceratops ilium and sacrum. Response: The Triceratops used their horns for both courtship and combat, including defending against aggressive predators such as the Tyrannosaurus.

Summarise the following text using different wording than in the original: "A well-known Russian military blogger was killed in an explosion at a cafe in St. Petersburg on Sunday, officials said, in what appeared to be an audacious attack on a high-profile pro-Kremlin figure. Vladlen Tatarsky died when a blast tore through the cafe where he was appearing as a guest of a pro-war group called Cyber Front Z. Authorities said they were treating the case as suspected murder. Twenty-five other people were injured in the blast, 19 of whom were hospitalized, the city’s governor said. The Russian Ministry of Health said six people were in critical condition. Investigators were questioning everyone who was inside the cafe, state media reported. Photos of the scene showed extensive damage to the building in which the cafe was located."

Vladlen Tatarsky was a prominent military blogger from Russia. He died last Sunday as a result of an explosion that took place in a cafe in St. Petersburg injuring 25 people. The Russian authorities suspect this to be a murder and are investigating further.

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Instruction: Summarise the following text using different wording than in the original: "A well-known Russian military blogger was killed in an explosion at a cafe in St. Petersburg on Sunday, officials said, in what appeared to be an audacious attack on a high-profile pro-Kremlin figure. Vladlen Tatarsky died when a blast tore through the cafe where he was appearing as a guest of a pro-war group called Cyber Front Z. Authorities said they were treating the case as suspected murder. Twenty-five other people were injured in the blast, 19 of whom were hospitalized, the city’s governor said. The Russian Ministry of Health said six people were in critical condition. Investigators were questioning everyone who was inside the cafe, state media reported. Photos of the scene showed extensive damage to the building in which the cafe was located." Context: Response: Vladlen Tatarsky was a prominent military blogger from Russia. He died last Sunday as a result of an explosion that took place in a cafe in St. Petersburg injuring 25 people. The Russian authorities suspect this to be a murder and are investigating further.

How do I start running?

Make sure you get comfortable running shoes and attire. Start with achievable goal in mind like a 5K race. If you never ran before, start gradually from a walk, to brisk walk, light jog aiming for 15-30mins initially. Slowly increase your running time and distance as your fitness level improves. One of the most important things is cool down and gentle stretching. Always listen to your body, and take rest days when needed to prevent injury.

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Instruction: How do I start running? Context: Response: Make sure you get comfortable running shoes and attire. Start with achievable goal in mind like a 5K race. If you never ran before, start gradually from a walk, to brisk walk, light jog aiming for 15-30mins initially. Slowly increase your running time and distance as your fitness level improves. One of the most important things is cool down and gentle stretching. Always listen to your body, and take rest days when needed to prevent injury.

How can I initiate conversation with a stranger?

First impression is one thing which leaves an everlasting impact on people we meet. So, meeting and greeting everyone with a smile is the key to leave that pleasant effect. Next, talking about general topics based on where you are meeting interests the person to talk to you. Make sure to ask open ended questions so that the person have the opportunity to speak a bit more. Listening is the key to have a good conversation. During initial general conversation, try to find common interests to take the conversation forward. Make sure to show interest in the person you are speaking to. Body postures also is an important part of being a pro at conversation striker. Positive gestures and body postures makes one take interest in what you are speaking and also, make anyone feel you are interested in listening and making friends. Finally, practice makes a man perfect. If you are a beginner, try setting goal for yourself. For example, determine yourself to talk to at least three strangers in a week and try increasing the goal and one day you would be able to initiate a conversation effortlessly.

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Instruction: How can I initiate conversation with a stranger? Context: Response: First impression is one thing which leaves an everlasting impact on people we meet. So, meeting and greeting everyone with a smile is the key to leave that pleasant effect. Next, talking about general topics based on where you are meeting interests the person to talk to you. Make sure to ask open ended questions so that the person have the opportunity to speak a bit more. Listening is the key to have a good conversation. During initial general conversation, try to find common interests to take the conversation forward. Make sure to show interest in the person you are speaking to. Body postures also is an important part of being a pro at conversation striker. Positive gestures and body postures makes one take interest in what you are speaking and also, make anyone feel you are interested in listening and making friends. Finally, practice makes a man perfect. If you are a beginner, try setting goal for yourself. For example, determine yourself to talk to at least three strangers in a week and try increasing the goal and one day you would be able to initiate a conversation effortlessly.

What kind of activity do good sales people do?

Good sales people build good relationships first by questioning and finding their interest. Then, they stat discovery questions. They don’t start product presentation until they finish discovery and find a space to listen in their customers. When they give some discovery questions they often use SPIN. S stands for situational questions, P stands for problem questions, I stands for Implication questions, N stands for need questions. When they talk about their products they always how this product solves customers problems. They mention “You” or customer name frequently so that the customer imagine how they can change by that product.

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Instruction: What kind of activity do good sales people do? Context: Response: Good sales people build good relationships first by questioning and finding their interest. Then, they stat discovery questions. They don’t start product presentation until they finish discovery and find a space to listen in their customers. When they give some discovery questions they often use SPIN. S stands for situational questions, P stands for problem questions, I stands for Implication questions, N stands for need questions. When they talk about their products they always how this product solves customers problems. They mention “You” or customer name frequently so that the customer imagine how they can change by that product.

Who is Ted Lasso in the eponymous TV show?

Ted Lasso is an American sports comedy-drama television series developed by Jason Sudeikis, Bill Lawrence, Brendan Hunt and Joe Kelly, based on a character Sudeikis first portrayed in a series of promos for NBC Sports' coverage of England's Premier League. The show follows Ted Lasso, an American college football coach who is hired to coach an English soccer team with the secret intention that his inexperience will lead it to failure, but whose folksy, optimistic leadership proves unexpectedly successful.

The show follows Ted Lasso, an American college football coach who is hired to coach an English soccer team with the secret intention that his inexperience will lead it to failure,

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Instruction: Who is Ted Lasso in the eponymous TV show? Context: Ted Lasso is an American sports comedy-drama television series developed by Jason Sudeikis, Bill Lawrence, Brendan Hunt and Joe Kelly, based on a character Sudeikis first portrayed in a series of promos for NBC Sports' coverage of England's Premier League. The show follows Ted Lasso, an American college football coach who is hired to coach an English soccer team with the secret intention that his inexperience will lead it to failure, but whose folksy, optimistic leadership proves unexpectedly successful. Response: The show follows Ted Lasso, an American college football coach who is hired to coach an English soccer team with the secret intention that his inexperience will lead it to failure,

If I'm strong in the gym will I be good at rock climbing?

The answer is a bit complicated. Being physically fit will benefit you in rock climbing, like it will in many other sports. Traits such as shoulder strength, core strength, and pulling strength are all required to be a successful rock climber. The key element needed to become a great or even just good rock climber, however, is finger and wrist strength. So much of rock climbing revolves around your ability to hold on to very tiny or oddly shaped grips to keep you on the wall. Few other sports emphasize finger strength the way rock climbing does. Yet, like all other muscles in your body, finger strength is an element that can be developed over time. With the right balance of both general athletics, body control, and finger strength you can become a great rock climber.

general_qa

Instruction: If I'm strong in the gym will I be good at rock climbing? Context: Response: The answer is a bit complicated. Being physically fit will benefit you in rock climbing, like it will in many other sports. Traits such as shoulder strength, core strength, and pulling strength are all required to be a successful rock climber. The key element needed to become a great or even just good rock climber, however, is finger and wrist strength. So much of rock climbing revolves around your ability to hold on to very tiny or oddly shaped grips to keep you on the wall. Few other sports emphasize finger strength the way rock climbing does. Yet, like all other muscles in your body, finger strength is an element that can be developed over time. With the right balance of both general athletics, body control, and finger strength you can become a great rock climber.

What is the difference between the right and left side of the brain?

The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The median longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. Although the macrostructure of the two hemispheres appears to be almost identical, different composition of neuronal networks allows for specialized function that is different in each hemisphere.

The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The median longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. Although the macrostructure of the two hemispheres appears to be almost identical, different composition of neuronal networks allows for specialized function that is different in each hemisphere. Lateralization of brain structures is based on general trends expressed in healthy patients; however, there are numerous counterexamples to each generalization. Each human's brain develops differently, leading to unique lateralization in individuals. This is different from specialization, as lateralization refers only to the function of one structure divided between two hemispheres. Specialization is much easier to observe as a trend, since it has a stronger anthropological history. The best example of an established lateralization is that of Broca's and Wernicke's areas, where both are often found exclusively on the left hemisphere. Function lateralization, such as semantics, intonation, accentuation, and prosody, has since been called into question and largely been found to have a neuronal basis in both hemispheres. Another example is that each hemisphere in the brain tends to represent one side of the body. In the cerebellum, this is the same body side, but in the forebrain this is predominantly the contralateral side. Language functions such as grammar, vocabulary and literal meaning are typically lateralized to the left hemisphere, especially in right-handed individuals. While language production is left-lateralized in up to 90% of right-handers, it is more bilateral, or even right-lateralized, in approximately 50% of left-handers. Broca's area and Wernicke's area, associated with the production of speech and comprehension of speech, respectively, are located in the left cerebral hemisphere for about 95% of right-handers but about 70% of left-handers. 69  Individuals who speak multiple languages demonstrate separate speech areas for each language. The processing of basic sensory information is lateralized by being divided into left and right sides of the body or the space around the body. In vision, about half the neurons of the optic nerve from each eye cross to project to the opposite hemisphere, and about half do not cross to project to the hemisphere on the same side. This means that the left side of the visual field is processed largely by the visual cortex of the right hemisphere and vice versa for the right side of the visual field. In hearing, about 90% of the neurons of the auditory nerve from one ear cross to project to the auditory cortex of the opposite hemisphere. In the sense of touch, most of the neurons from the skin cross to project to the somatosensory cortex of the opposite hemisphere. Because of this functional division of the left and right sides of the body and of the space that surrounds it, the processing of information in the sensory cortices is essentially identical. That is, the processing of visual and auditory stimuli, spatial manipulation, facial perception, and artistic ability are represented bilaterally. Numerical estimation, comparison and online calculation depend on bilateral parietal regions while exact calculation and fact retrieval are associated with left parietal regions, perhaps due to their ties to linguistic processing. Rather than just being a series of places where different brain modules occur, there are running similarities in the kind of function seen in each side, for instance how right-side impairment of drawing ability making patients draw the parts of the subject matter with wholly incoherent relationships, or where the kind of left-side damage seen in language impairment not damaging the patient's ability to catch the significance of intonation in speech. This has led British psychiatrist Iain McGilchrist to view the two hemispheres as having different value systems, where the left hemisphere tends to reduce complex matters such as ethics to rules and measures, and the right hemisphere is disposed to the holistic and metaphorical. Depression is linked with a hyperactive right hemisphere. The delusional misidentification syndromes, reduplicative paramnesia and Capgras delusion are also often the result of right hemisphere lesions. Damage to either the right or left hemisphere, and its resulting deficits provide insight into the function of the damaged area. Left hemisphere damage has many effects on language production and perception. Damage or lesions to the right hemisphere can result in a lack of emotional prosody or intonation when speaking. Right hemisphere damage also has grave effects on understanding discourse. People with damage to the right hemisphere have a reduced ability to generate inferences, comprehend and produce main concepts, and a reduced ability to manage alternative meanings. Furthermore, people with right hemisphere damage often exhibit discourse that is abrupt and perfunctory or verbose and excessive. They can also have pragmatic deficits in situations of turn taking, topic maintenance and shared knowledge. Lateral brain damage can also affect visual perceptual spatial resolution. People with left hemisphere damage may have impaired perception of high resolution, or detailed, aspects of an image. People with right hemisphere damage may have impaired perception of low resolution, or big picture, aspects of an image. If a specific region of the brain, or even an entire hemisphere, is injured or destroyed, its functions can sometimes be assumed by a neighboring region in the same hemisphere or the corresponding region in the other hemisphere, depending upon the area damaged and the patient's age. When injury interferes with pathways from one area to another, alternative (indirect) connections may develop to communicate information with detached areas, despite the inefficiencies. Broca's aphasia is a specific type of expressive aphasia and is so named due to the aphasia that results from damage or lesions to the Broca's area of the brain, that exists most commonly in the left inferior frontal hemisphere. Thus, the aphasia that develops from the lack of functioning of the Broca's area is an expressive and non-fluent aphasia. It is called 'non-fluent' due to the issues that arise because Broca's area is critical for language pronunciation and production. The area controls some motor aspects of speech production and articulation of thoughts to words and as such lesions to the area result in specific non-fluent aphasia. Wernicke's aphasia is the result of damage to the area of the brain that is commonly in the left hemisphere above the Sylvian fissure. Damage to this area causes primarily a deficit in language comprehension. While the ability to speak fluently with normal melodic intonation is spared, the language produced by a person with Wernicke's aphasia is riddled with semantic errors and may sound nonsensical to the listener. Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by phonemic paraphasias, neologism or jargon. Another characteristic of a person with Wernicke's aphasia is that they are unconcerned by the mistakes that they are making. Terence Hines states that the research on brain lateralization is valid as a research program, though commercial promoters have applied it to promote subjects and products far outside the implications of the research. For example, the implications of the research have no bearing on psychological interventions such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and neurolinguistic programming, brain-training equipment, or management training. Some popularizations oversimplify the science about lateralization, by presenting the functional differences between hemispheres as being more absolute than is actually the case. Interestingly, research has shown quite opposite function of brain lateralisation, i.e. left hemisphere creatively and chaotically links between concepts and right hemisphere tends to adhere to specific date and time, although generally adhering to the pattern of left-brain as linguistic interpretation and right brain as spatio-temporal. In the 19th century and to a lesser extent the 20th, it was thought that each side of the brain was associated with a specific gender: the left corresponding with masculinity and the right with femininity and each half could function independently. The right side of the brain was seen as the inferior and thought to be prominent in women, savages, children, criminals, and the insane. A prime example of this in fictional literature can be seen in Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

summarization

Instruction: What is the difference between the right and left side of the brain? Context: The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The median longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. Although the macrostructure of the two hemispheres appears to be almost identical, different composition of neuronal networks allows for specialized function that is different in each hemisphere. Response: The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The median longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. Although the macrostructure of the two hemispheres appears to be almost identical, different composition of neuronal networks allows for specialized function that is different in each hemisphere. Lateralization of brain structures is based on general trends expressed in healthy patients; however, there are numerous counterexamples to each generalization. Each human's brain develops differently, leading to unique lateralization in individuals. This is different from specialization, as lateralization refers only to the function of one structure divided between two hemispheres. Specialization is much easier to observe as a trend, since it has a stronger anthropological history. The best example of an established lateralization is that of Broca's and Wernicke's areas, where both are often found exclusively on the left hemisphere. Function lateralization, such as semantics, intonation, accentuation, and prosody, has since been called into question and largely been found to have a neuronal basis in both hemispheres. Another example is that each hemisphere in the brain tends to represent one side of the body. In the cerebellum, this is the same body side, but in the forebrain this is predominantly the contralateral side. Language functions such as grammar, vocabulary and literal meaning are typically lateralized to the left hemisphere, especially in right-handed individuals. While language production is left-lateralized in up to 90% of right-handers, it is more bilateral, or even right-lateralized, in approximately 50% of left-handers. Broca's area and Wernicke's area, associated with the production of speech and comprehension of speech, respectively, are located in the left cerebral hemisphere for about 95% of right-handers but about 70% of left-handers. 69  Individuals who speak multiple languages demonstrate separate speech areas for each language. The processing of basic sensory information is lateralized by being divided into left and right sides of the body or the space around the body. In vision, about half the neurons of the optic nerve from each eye cross to project to the opposite hemisphere, and about half do not cross to project to the hemisphere on the same side. This means that the left side of the visual field is processed largely by the visual cortex of the right hemisphere and vice versa for the right side of the visual field. In hearing, about 90% of the neurons of the auditory nerve from one ear cross to project to the auditory cortex of the opposite hemisphere. In the sense of touch, most of the neurons from the skin cross to project to the somatosensory cortex of the opposite hemisphere. Because of this functional division of the left and right sides of the body and of the space that surrounds it, the processing of information in the sensory cortices is essentially identical. That is, the processing of visual and auditory stimuli, spatial manipulation, facial perception, and artistic ability are represented bilaterally. Numerical estimation, comparison and online calculation depend on bilateral parietal regions while exact calculation and fact retrieval are associated with left parietal regions, perhaps due to their ties to linguistic processing. Rather than just being a series of places where different brain modules occur, there are running similarities in the kind of function seen in each side, for instance how right-side impairment of drawing ability making patients draw the parts of the subject matter with wholly incoherent relationships, or where the kind of left-side damage seen in language impairment not damaging the patient's ability to catch the significance of intonation in speech. This has led British psychiatrist Iain McGilchrist to view the two hemispheres as having different value systems, where the left hemisphere tends to reduce complex matters such as ethics to rules and measures, and the right hemisphere is disposed to the holistic and metaphorical. Depression is linked with a hyperactive right hemisphere. The delusional misidentification syndromes, reduplicative paramnesia and Capgras delusion are also often the result of right hemisphere lesions. Damage to either the right or left hemisphere, and its resulting deficits provide insight into the function of the damaged area. Left hemisphere damage has many effects on language production and perception. Damage or lesions to the right hemisphere can result in a lack of emotional prosody or intonation when speaking. Right hemisphere damage also has grave effects on understanding discourse. People with damage to the right hemisphere have a reduced ability to generate inferences, comprehend and produce main concepts, and a reduced ability to manage alternative meanings. Furthermore, people with right hemisphere damage often exhibit discourse that is abrupt and perfunctory or verbose and excessive. They can also have pragmatic deficits in situations of turn taking, topic maintenance and shared knowledge. Lateral brain damage can also affect visual perceptual spatial resolution. People with left hemisphere damage may have impaired perception of high resolution, or detailed, aspects of an image. People with right hemisphere damage may have impaired perception of low resolution, or big picture, aspects of an image. If a specific region of the brain, or even an entire hemisphere, is injured or destroyed, its functions can sometimes be assumed by a neighboring region in the same hemisphere or the corresponding region in the other hemisphere, depending upon the area damaged and the patient's age. When injury interferes with pathways from one area to another, alternative (indirect) connections may develop to communicate information with detached areas, despite the inefficiencies. Broca's aphasia is a specific type of expressive aphasia and is so named due to the aphasia that results from damage or lesions to the Broca's area of the brain, that exists most commonly in the left inferior frontal hemisphere. Thus, the aphasia that develops from the lack of functioning of the Broca's area is an expressive and non-fluent aphasia. It is called 'non-fluent' due to the issues that arise because Broca's area is critical for language pronunciation and production. The area controls some motor aspects of speech production and articulation of thoughts to words and as such lesions to the area result in specific non-fluent aphasia. Wernicke's aphasia is the result of damage to the area of the brain that is commonly in the left hemisphere above the Sylvian fissure. Damage to this area causes primarily a deficit in language comprehension. While the ability to speak fluently with normal melodic intonation is spared, the language produced by a person with Wernicke's aphasia is riddled with semantic errors and may sound nonsensical to the listener. Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by phonemic paraphasias, neologism or jargon. Another characteristic of a person with Wernicke's aphasia is that they are unconcerned by the mistakes that they are making. Terence Hines states that the research on brain lateralization is valid as a research program, though commercial promoters have applied it to promote subjects and products far outside the implications of the research. For example, the implications of the research have no bearing on psychological interventions such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and neurolinguistic programming, brain-training equipment, or management training. Some popularizations oversimplify the science about lateralization, by presenting the functional differences between hemispheres as being more absolute than is actually the case. Interestingly, research has shown quite opposite function of brain lateralisation, i.e. left hemisphere creatively and chaotically links between concepts and right hemisphere tends to adhere to specific date and time, although generally adhering to the pattern of left-brain as linguistic interpretation and right brain as spatio-temporal. In the 19th century and to a lesser extent the 20th, it was thought that each side of the brain was associated with a specific gender: the left corresponding with masculinity and the right with femininity and each half could function independently. The right side of the brain was seen as the inferior and thought to be prominent in women, savages, children, criminals, and the insane. A prime example of this in fictional literature can be seen in Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

What is India's rank in Global Gender Gap Index 2022

135 out of 146 countries

open_qa

Instruction: What is India's rank in Global Gender Gap Index 2022 Context: Response: 135 out of 146 countries

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cantaro, Gudok

Gudok is string, Cantaro is percussion.

classification

Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cantaro, Gudok Context: Response: Gudok is string, Cantaro is percussion.

Can animals like dog and cat get Kidney Stones ?

Bladder stones or uroliths are a common occurrence in animals, especially in domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Occurrence in other species, including tortoises, has been reported as well. The stones form in the urinary bladder in varying size and numbers secondary to infection, dietary influences, and genetics. Stones can form in any part of the urinary tract in dogs and cats, but unlike in humans, stones of the kidney are less common and do not often cause significant disease, although they can contribute to pyelonephritis and chronic kidney disease. Types of stones include struvite, calcium oxalate, urate, cystine, calcium phosphate, and silicate. Struvite and calcium oxalate stones are by far the most common. Bladder stones are not the same as bladder crystals but if the crystals coalesce unchecked in the bladder they can become stones.

Yes animals like humans can get Kidney Stones. Bladder stones or uroliths are a common occurrence in animals, especially in domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Types of stones include struvite, cystine, calcium oxalate, urate, calcium phosphate, and silicate. Struvite and calcium oxalate stones are by far the most common.

closed_qa

Instruction: Can animals like dog and cat get Kidney Stones ? Context: Bladder stones or uroliths are a common occurrence in animals, especially in domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Occurrence in other species, including tortoises, has been reported as well. The stones form in the urinary bladder in varying size and numbers secondary to infection, dietary influences, and genetics. Stones can form in any part of the urinary tract in dogs and cats, but unlike in humans, stones of the kidney are less common and do not often cause significant disease, although they can contribute to pyelonephritis and chronic kidney disease. Types of stones include struvite, calcium oxalate, urate, cystine, calcium phosphate, and silicate. Struvite and calcium oxalate stones are by far the most common. Bladder stones are not the same as bladder crystals but if the crystals coalesce unchecked in the bladder they can become stones. Response: Yes animals like humans can get Kidney Stones. Bladder stones or uroliths are a common occurrence in animals, especially in domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Types of stones include struvite, cystine, calcium oxalate, urate, calcium phosphate, and silicate. Struvite and calcium oxalate stones are by far the most common.

What is recency bias?

Recency bias is the overweighting the result of more recent events when predicting what will happen in the future. For example, if I recently experienced a pandemic that dramatically affected my quality of life, I may tend to overestimate the likelihood of another pandemic in the near future.

general_qa

Instruction: What is recency bias? Context: Response: Recency bias is the overweighting the result of more recent events when predicting what will happen in the future. For example, if I recently experienced a pandemic that dramatically affected my quality of life, I may tend to overestimate the likelihood of another pandemic in the near future.

Who sings the song "Riptide"?

Vance Joy sings "Riptide"

open_qa

Instruction: Who sings the song "Riptide"? Context: Response: Vance Joy sings "Riptide"

Why does my dog dig in the furniture?

Most dogs were originally bred to service a function. Some dogs were bred to chase small animals, for hunting rabbits or fox. Many of these breeds were also intended to dig for their kills, so your dog may burrow because it's born to do that. Said differently, some terrier breeds were meant to hunt rats, i.e. the rat terrier. These dogs will dig even if there is nothing to dig for simply because it's what they were bred to do. Other dogs dig to create nesting areas, to warm up their area before they lay down, or to check for bugs.

open_qa

Instruction: Why does my dog dig in the furniture? Context: Response: Most dogs were originally bred to service a function. Some dogs were bred to chase small animals, for hunting rabbits or fox. Many of these breeds were also intended to dig for their kills, so your dog may burrow because it's born to do that. Said differently, some terrier breeds were meant to hunt rats, i.e. the rat terrier. These dogs will dig even if there is nothing to dig for simply because it's what they were bred to do. Other dogs dig to create nesting areas, to warm up their area before they lay down, or to check for bugs.

Give me a list of the best Dave Matthews Band songs of all time?

Although many casual fans would consider commercially successful songs like 'Crash into Me,' 'So Much to Say' and 'Too Much' to be the best Dave Matthews Band songs, most hardcore fans look to DMB's extensive catalog of live performances from the 1990s and early 2000s. Specifically, most dedicated fans of the band love a lot of the following: 'Lie in our Graves,' 'Ants Marching,' 'the Stone,' 'The Best of What's Around,' 'Bartender,' '#41,' 'Dancing Nancies,' 'Seek Up,' 'Warehouse,' 'Trippin' Billies,' 'Lover Lay Down,' 'You Never Know' and 'Pig.'

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me a list of the best Dave Matthews Band songs of all time? Context: Response: Although many casual fans would consider commercially successful songs like 'Crash into Me,' 'So Much to Say' and 'Too Much' to be the best Dave Matthews Band songs, most hardcore fans look to DMB's extensive catalog of live performances from the 1990s and early 2000s. Specifically, most dedicated fans of the band love a lot of the following: 'Lie in our Graves,' 'Ants Marching,' 'the Stone,' 'The Best of What's Around,' 'Bartender,' '#41,' 'Dancing Nancies,' 'Seek Up,' 'Warehouse,' 'Trippin' Billies,' 'Lover Lay Down,' 'You Never Know' and 'Pig.'

What is rowing?

Rowing is the sport of racing boats using oars. It differs from paddling sports in that rowing oars are attached to the boat using oarlocks, while paddles are not connected to the boat. Rowing is divided into two disciplines: sculling and sweep rowing. In sculling, each rower holds two oars—one in each hand, while in sweep rowing each rower holds one oar with both hands. There are several boat classes in which athletes may compete, ranging from single sculls, occupied by one person, to shells with eight rowers and a coxswain, called eights. There are a wide variety of course types and formats of racing, but most elite and championship level racing is conducted on calm water courses 2 kilometres long with several lanes marked using buoys.

general_qa

Instruction: What is rowing? Context: Response: Rowing is the sport of racing boats using oars. It differs from paddling sports in that rowing oars are attached to the boat using oarlocks, while paddles are not connected to the boat. Rowing is divided into two disciplines: sculling and sweep rowing. In sculling, each rower holds two oars—one in each hand, while in sweep rowing each rower holds one oar with both hands. There are several boat classes in which athletes may compete, ranging from single sculls, occupied by one person, to shells with eight rowers and a coxswain, called eights. There are a wide variety of course types and formats of racing, but most elite and championship level racing is conducted on calm water courses 2 kilometres long with several lanes marked using buoys.

What 5-letter word spelt in all capital letters can be read the exact same upside down?

SWIMS

brainstorming

Instruction: What 5-letter word spelt in all capital letters can be read the exact same upside down? Context: Response: SWIMS

Why do people like sweet treats so much?

Sugar has been added heavily to the American diet. It's in foods you wouldn't even suspect, such as spaghetti sauce or juices, even though they are already sweet. Sugar is also highly addictive. It gives your brain a high, just like other addictive substances. Additionally, it does taste great, so the taste alone keeps someone coming back for more.

general_qa

Instruction: Why do people like sweet treats so much? Context: Response: Sugar has been added heavily to the American diet. It's in foods you wouldn't even suspect, such as spaghetti sauce or juices, even though they are already sweet. Sugar is also highly addictive. It gives your brain a high, just like other addictive substances. Additionally, it does taste great, so the taste alone keeps someone coming back for more.

Why was there a storm in San Francisco last week?

Last week, there was a storm caused by an atmospheric river. Last Tuesday, more than 200 thousand people in the Bay area lost power because of the storm. It was one of many storms that passed through California this winter.

general_qa

Instruction: Why was there a storm in San Francisco last week? Context: Response: Last week, there was a storm caused by an atmospheric river. Last Tuesday, more than 200 thousand people in the Bay area lost power because of the storm. It was one of many storms that passed through California this winter.

What's the area of Fuldera village?

Fuldera is a village in the Val Müstair municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. In 2009 Fuldera merged with Lü, Müstair, Santa Maria Val Müstair, Tschierv and Valchava to form the municipality of Val Müstair. History Fuldera is first mentioned in 1322 as Faldiera. Geography Fuldera village Fuldera had an area, as of 2006, of 13.2 km2 (5.1 sq mi). Of this area, 24.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 37.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.4% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (36.4%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). The village is located in the Val Müstair sub-district (now Val Müstair municipality) of the Inn district. It is located on the right side of the Rombach. It consists of the larger Fuldera-Dora and the smaller Fuldera-Daint.

The Fuldera village encompasses an area of 13.2 km2 or 5.1 sq mi.

summarization

Instruction: What's the area of Fuldera village? Context: Fuldera is a village in the Val Müstair municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. In 2009 Fuldera merged with Lü, Müstair, Santa Maria Val Müstair, Tschierv and Valchava to form the municipality of Val Müstair. History Fuldera is first mentioned in 1322 as Faldiera. Geography Fuldera village Fuldera had an area, as of 2006, of 13.2 km2 (5.1 sq mi). Of this area, 24.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 37.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.4% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (36.4%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). The village is located in the Val Müstair sub-district (now Val Müstair municipality) of the Inn district. It is located on the right side of the Rombach. It consists of the larger Fuldera-Dora and the smaller Fuldera-Daint. Response: The Fuldera village encompasses an area of 13.2 km2 or 5.1 sq mi.

Tell me whether each food is from a grain or animal: quinoa, millet, couscous, ribeye steak, pork belly, chicken wing

Quinoa: Grain Millet: Grain Couscous: Grain Ribeye Steak: Animal Pork Belly: Animal Chicken Wing: Animal

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether each food is from a grain or animal: quinoa, millet, couscous, ribeye steak, pork belly, chicken wing Context: Response: Quinoa: Grain Millet: Grain Couscous: Grain Ribeye Steak: Animal Pork Belly: Animal Chicken Wing: Animal

List all former departments that were formerly Cabinet-level in the United States.

Former executive and Cabinet-level departments Department of War (1789–1947), headed by the secretary of war: renamed Department of the Army by the National Security Act of 1947. Department of the Navy (1798–1949), headed by the secretary of the Navy: became a military department within the Department of Defense. Post Office Department (1829–1971), headed by the postmaster general: reorganized as the United States Postal Service, an independent agency. National Military Establishment (1947–1949), headed by the secretary of Defense: created by the National Security Act of 1947 and recreated as the Department of Defense in 1949. Department of the Army (1947–1949), headed by the secretary of the Army: became a military department within the Department of Defense. Department of the Air Force (1947–1949), headed by the secretary of the Air Force: became a military department within the Department of Defense.

The Department of War, the Department of the Navy, the Post Office Department, the National Military Establishment, the Department of the Army, and the Department of the Air Force.

information_extraction

Instruction: List all former departments that were formerly Cabinet-level in the United States. Context: Former executive and Cabinet-level departments Department of War (1789–1947), headed by the secretary of war: renamed Department of the Army by the National Security Act of 1947. Department of the Navy (1798–1949), headed by the secretary of the Navy: became a military department within the Department of Defense. Post Office Department (1829–1971), headed by the postmaster general: reorganized as the United States Postal Service, an independent agency. National Military Establishment (1947–1949), headed by the secretary of Defense: created by the National Security Act of 1947 and recreated as the Department of Defense in 1949. Department of the Army (1947–1949), headed by the secretary of the Army: became a military department within the Department of Defense. Department of the Air Force (1947–1949), headed by the secretary of the Air Force: became a military department within the Department of Defense. Response: The Department of War, the Department of the Navy, the Post Office Department, the National Military Establishment, the Department of the Army, and the Department of the Air Force.

Classify the animals based on their food habits into Herbivores or Carnivores. Jackal, Hyena, Zebra, Giraffe

Herbivores - Zebra, Giraffe Carnivores. - Jackal, Hyena

classification

Instruction: Classify the animals based on their food habits into Herbivores or Carnivores. Jackal, Hyena, Zebra, Giraffe Context: Response: Herbivores - Zebra, Giraffe Carnivores. - Jackal, Hyena

Based on this passage, please provide a bullet-point list of the processes used to prepare semiconducting materials for integrated circuits (ICs).

There is a combination of processes that are used to prepare semiconducting materials for ICs. One process is called thermal oxidation, which forms silicon dioxide on the surface of the silicon. This is used as a gate insulator and field oxide. Other processes are called photomasks and photolithography. This process is what creates the patterns on the circuit in the integrated circuit. Ultraviolet light is used along with a photoresist layer to create a chemical change that generates the patterns for the circuit. The etching is the next process that is required. The part of the silicon that was not covered by the photoresist layer from the previous step can now be etched. The main process typically used today is called plasma etching. Plasma etching usually involves an etch gas pumped in a low-pressure chamber to create plasma. A common etch gas is chlorofluorocarbon, or more commonly known Freon. A high radio-frequency voltage between the cathode and anode is what creates the plasma in the chamber. The silicon wafer is located on the cathode, which causes it to be hit by the positively charged ions that are released from the plasma. The result is silicon that is etched anisotropically. The last process is called diffusion. This is the process that gives the semiconducting material its desired semiconducting properties. It is also known as doping. The process introduces an impure atom to the system, which creates the p–n junction. To get the impure atoms embedded in the silicon wafer, the wafer is first put in a 1,100 degree Celsius chamber. The atoms are injected in and eventually diffuse with the silicon. After the process is completed and the silicon has reached room temperature, the doping process is done and the semiconducting material is ready to be used in an integrated circuit.

-Thermal oxidation -Photomasks/photolithography -Etching (mainly plasma etching) -Diffusion/doping

information_extraction

Instruction: Based on this passage, please provide a bullet-point list of the processes used to prepare semiconducting materials for integrated circuits (ICs). Context: There is a combination of processes that are used to prepare semiconducting materials for ICs. One process is called thermal oxidation, which forms silicon dioxide on the surface of the silicon. This is used as a gate insulator and field oxide. Other processes are called photomasks and photolithography. This process is what creates the patterns on the circuit in the integrated circuit. Ultraviolet light is used along with a photoresist layer to create a chemical change that generates the patterns for the circuit. The etching is the next process that is required. The part of the silicon that was not covered by the photoresist layer from the previous step can now be etched. The main process typically used today is called plasma etching. Plasma etching usually involves an etch gas pumped in a low-pressure chamber to create plasma. A common etch gas is chlorofluorocarbon, or more commonly known Freon. A high radio-frequency voltage between the cathode and anode is what creates the plasma in the chamber. The silicon wafer is located on the cathode, which causes it to be hit by the positively charged ions that are released from the plasma. The result is silicon that is etched anisotropically. The last process is called diffusion. This is the process that gives the semiconducting material its desired semiconducting properties. It is also known as doping. The process introduces an impure atom to the system, which creates the p–n junction. To get the impure atoms embedded in the silicon wafer, the wafer is first put in a 1,100 degree Celsius chamber. The atoms are injected in and eventually diffuse with the silicon. After the process is completed and the silicon has reached room temperature, the doping process is done and the semiconducting material is ready to be used in an integrated circuit. Response: -Thermal oxidation -Photomasks/photolithography -Etching (mainly plasma etching) -Diffusion/doping

What might make a good villain for a fantasy role playing game adventure.

There are lots of options for villains in the rich world of fantasy role playing. Here are some possibilities: 1) Dragons - Dragons are iconic villains and come in many varieties. They can be vicious and cruel, manipulative and clever, or haughty and imperious. They live in all different biomes and there are even variants for different cultures (like western dragons vs. eastern dragons) 2) Wizards - The evil wizard is the classic fantasy villain. Possessing great and broad reaching powers, driven by the need to obtain more magical power, and often surrounded by a horde of lesser minions, wizards fit all sorts of scenarios. 3) Undead, especially Liches and Vampires - The undead are always great villains. Liches and Vampires are especially good as they are very intelligent and powerful. Often, they are wizards so they combine more than one kind of villain. They also typically have the ability to create more of their kind or lesser undead to serve as minions. 4) Devils or Demons - Monstrous beings from the lower planes possessing great power and able to twist mortals to their will, devils and demons make classic fantasy villains. While they are typically very dangerous in battle, they also have the power to manipulate and corrupt mortals to do their bidding. These are just some of the options you could use for fantasy villains, there are many more as the domain of fantasy adventure is nearly unlimited.

brainstorming

Instruction: What might make a good villain for a fantasy role playing game adventure. Context: Response: There are lots of options for villains in the rich world of fantasy role playing. Here are some possibilities: 1) Dragons - Dragons are iconic villains and come in many varieties. They can be vicious and cruel, manipulative and clever, or haughty and imperious. They live in all different biomes and there are even variants for different cultures (like western dragons vs. eastern dragons) 2) Wizards - The evil wizard is the classic fantasy villain. Possessing great and broad reaching powers, driven by the need to obtain more magical power, and often surrounded by a horde of lesser minions, wizards fit all sorts of scenarios. 3) Undead, especially Liches and Vampires - The undead are always great villains. Liches and Vampires are especially good as they are very intelligent and powerful. Often, they are wizards so they combine more than one kind of villain. They also typically have the ability to create more of their kind or lesser undead to serve as minions. 4) Devils or Demons - Monstrous beings from the lower planes possessing great power and able to twist mortals to their will, devils and demons make classic fantasy villains. While they are typically very dangerous in battle, they also have the power to manipulate and corrupt mortals to do their bidding. These are just some of the options you could use for fantasy villains, there are many more as the domain of fantasy adventure is nearly unlimited.

How has McDonald's target audience changed over time?

Fast food restaurants often aim some of their advertising directly at the youth population. McDonald's Happy Meals, which include a toy often tied in with a newly released family film, is a significant example. Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot introduced in 1963 and designed to appeal to young children, is another. In addition, in 1987 McDonald's incorporated a Play Place in their restaurants to further advertise to children, making their restaurants a more appealing environment for children. Additionally, from 1996 to 2006, Disney was an exclusive partner with McDonald's, linking their products together. They announced the end of this deal in May 2006, with some reports saying that Disney was worried about childhood obesity. Other than Disney, McDonald's has also been partnered with Nintendo since 1985, when the Nintendo Entertainment System was first introduced. In 1987, McDonald's also created a Nintendo play land in their restaurants where kids could play on Nintendo consoles while waiting for their food. During 2007, McDonald's began to provide WiFi from the Nintendo consoles; giving children the ability to play wherever they were. With also a target audience of children releasing these new films and incorporating toys, it uses the kids to reach out to their parents pockets because of their large investment.

McDonald's has consistently aimed their advertising directly at the youth population. Starting in 1963, they introduced Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot designed to appeal to young children. Over the years, McDonald's partnered with multiple companies that have products targeted at children, such as Nintendo and Disney.

summarization

Instruction: How has McDonald's target audience changed over time? Context: Fast food restaurants often aim some of their advertising directly at the youth population. McDonald's Happy Meals, which include a toy often tied in with a newly released family film, is a significant example. Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot introduced in 1963 and designed to appeal to young children, is another. In addition, in 1987 McDonald's incorporated a Play Place in their restaurants to further advertise to children, making their restaurants a more appealing environment for children. Additionally, from 1996 to 2006, Disney was an exclusive partner with McDonald's, linking their products together. They announced the end of this deal in May 2006, with some reports saying that Disney was worried about childhood obesity. Other than Disney, McDonald's has also been partnered with Nintendo since 1985, when the Nintendo Entertainment System was first introduced. In 1987, McDonald's also created a Nintendo play land in their restaurants where kids could play on Nintendo consoles while waiting for their food. During 2007, McDonald's began to provide WiFi from the Nintendo consoles; giving children the ability to play wherever they were. With also a target audience of children releasing these new films and incorporating toys, it uses the kids to reach out to their parents pockets because of their large investment. Response: McDonald's has consistently aimed their advertising directly at the youth population. Starting in 1963, they introduced Ronald McDonald, a clown advertising mascot designed to appeal to young children. Over the years, McDonald's partnered with multiple companies that have products targeted at children, such as Nintendo and Disney.

How much did Shaffer donate?

In 2018, Butler County Community College created The Shaffer School of Nursing and Allied Health after Shaffer donated $1 million to the school.

$1 million

information_extraction

Instruction: How much did Shaffer donate? Context: In 2018, Butler County Community College created The Shaffer School of Nursing and Allied Health after Shaffer donated $1 million to the school. Response: $1 million

Given the paragraph about Independence Day, the Thirteen Colonies were not free from which Monarch?

Independence Day (colloquially the Fourth of July) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the Declaration of Independence, which was ratified by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, establishing the United States of America. The Founding Father delegates of the Second Continental Congress declared that the Thirteen Colonies were no longer subject (and subordinate) to the monarch of Britain, King George III, and were now united, free, and independent states. The Congress voted to approve independence by passing the Lee Resolution on July 2 and adopted the Declaration of Independence two days later, on July 4. Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, political speeches, and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the national day of the United States.

The monarch of Britain, King George III

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Instruction: Given the paragraph about Independence Day, the Thirteen Colonies were not free from which Monarch? Context: Independence Day (colloquially the Fourth of July) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the Declaration of Independence, which was ratified by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, establishing the United States of America. The Founding Father delegates of the Second Continental Congress declared that the Thirteen Colonies were no longer subject (and subordinate) to the monarch of Britain, King George III, and were now united, free, and independent states. The Congress voted to approve independence by passing the Lee Resolution on July 2 and adopted the Declaration of Independence two days later, on July 4. Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, political speeches, and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the national day of the United States. Response: The monarch of Britain, King George III

Can AI take my job

While it is possible for AI to do a piece of work that is done by a human, it is unlikely that AI will make humans redundant in the workplace. What is more plausible is that AI will change the nature of how humans work, enabling greater productivity or becoming a validation/verification process. A good example of this is GPS. For years, taxi drivers used their knowledge of an area to take people from one place to another, but with the invention of GPS, this local knw;edge became less valuable (but not redundant). There was not a reduction in Taxi drives, if anything, there were more Taxis available to the general public. The spell checker has been in software for decades, but it is still down to the individual to clarify their specific meaning and validate the final output, rather than relying purely on what a computer generates.

general_qa

Instruction: Can AI take my job Context: Response: While it is possible for AI to do a piece of work that is done by a human, it is unlikely that AI will make humans redundant in the workplace. What is more plausible is that AI will change the nature of how humans work, enabling greater productivity or becoming a validation/verification process. A good example of this is GPS. For years, taxi drivers used their knowledge of an area to take people from one place to another, but with the invention of GPS, this local knw;edge became less valuable (but not redundant). There was not a reduction in Taxi drives, if anything, there were more Taxis available to the general public. The spell checker has been in software for decades, but it is still down to the individual to clarify their specific meaning and validate the final output, rather than relying purely on what a computer generates.

From the passage provided, extract the average size of a female great white shark.

The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), also known as the white shark, white pointer, or simply great white, is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans. It is notable for its size, with the largest preserved female specimen measuring 5.83 m (19.1 ft) in length and around 2,000 kg (4,410 lb) in weight at maturity. However, most are smaller; males measure 3.4 to 4.0 m (11 to 13 ft), and females measure 4.6 to 4.9 m (15 to 16 ft) on average. According to a 2014 study, the lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more, well above previous estimates, making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fishes currently known. According to the same study, male great white sharks take 26 years to reach sexual maturity, while the females take 33 years to be ready to produce offspring. Great white sharks can swim at speeds of 25 km/h (16 mph) for short bursts and to depths of 1,200 m (3,900 ft).

The average female great white shark measures 4.6 to 4.9 m or 15 to 16 ft.

information_extraction

Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the average size of a female great white shark. Context: The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), also known as the white shark, white pointer, or simply great white, is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans. It is notable for its size, with the largest preserved female specimen measuring 5.83 m (19.1 ft) in length and around 2,000 kg (4,410 lb) in weight at maturity. However, most are smaller; males measure 3.4 to 4.0 m (11 to 13 ft), and females measure 4.6 to 4.9 m (15 to 16 ft) on average. According to a 2014 study, the lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more, well above previous estimates, making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fishes currently known. According to the same study, male great white sharks take 26 years to reach sexual maturity, while the females take 33 years to be ready to produce offspring. Great white sharks can swim at speeds of 25 km/h (16 mph) for short bursts and to depths of 1,200 m (3,900 ft). Response: The average female great white shark measures 4.6 to 4.9 m or 15 to 16 ft.

What are some of the most accessible jazz albums for someone new to jazz?

Jazz music encompasses a wide range of styles, genres and periods, so it can be difficult and confusing for the non-jazz listener to find a satisfying entry point. There have been many “greatest of all time” jazz album lists developed by jazz publications and critics over the years. The following is a brief sampling of some of the top-rated albums from some of these lists. - Miles Davis: Kind of Blue (1959) Miles Davis’ masterpiece. One of the most influential albums of all time, because of its widespread influence on jazz, rock and classical genres. It is the greatest selling jazz album of all time, and usually the number one pick on critics’ albums rankings. It features a cool, atmospheric modal approach that is immediately recognizable, tuneful and approachable for just about any listener. - John Coltrane: A Love Supreme (1964). Widely regarded as John Coltrane’s masterpiece, it is an intense modal jazz through-composed spiritual meditation in four parts. Every critic interprets John Coltrane’s intent and meaning of A Love Supreme differently. Whether you think he’s searching for some form of soulful purity, or cutting out the middle man to speak directly to God, your jazz-listening life won’t be the same after hearing this searing testament. - Sonny Rollins: Saxophone Collosus (1957). Sonny Rollins’ breakthrough and best-known album. Rollins emerges here as a true jazz giant belonging in the same pantheon as Coltrane, Ben Webster, Coleman Hawkins and Lester Young. His strong and highly rhythmic thematic improvisational voice is on brilliant display in ‘St. Thomas’ and ‘Blue 7’. Not to be missed is his powerful rendition of the jazz standard ‘You Don’t Know Love’ and his lovely solo during Kurt Weil’s ‘Moritat’ (also known as ‘Mack the Knife’). - Dave Brubeck: Time Out (1959) Featuring uncommon time signatures and mix of Cool and West Coast jazz, Time Out was the first jazz album to sell over a million copies and produced a single, ‘Take Five’ that became the first jazz single to sell over a million copies. Brubeck described his saxophone player Paul Desmond’s sound as “like a dry martini”. You’ll want to ice up a glass and pour yourself another with each listen to this enduring jazz mainstay. - John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman: John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman (1963) is a reluctant jazz ballad summit of giants. Johnny Hartman initially resisted the idea of recording an album with John Coltrane, believing they wouldn’t complement one another musically. Following an after-hours session with Coltrane and pianist McCoy Tyner, they agreed to work together and went in to the studio to record their self-title album that contained the definitive versions of ‘Lush Life’, ‘They Say It’s Wonderful’, and ‘My One and Only Love.’ This is an absolute essential album. - Billie Holiday: Lady in Satin (1958) Holiday’s album of Great American Songbook standards - lushly arranged around her abused, fragile, but powerfully rhythmic voice - is a testament to her professional powers of persuasion and artistic willpower in what turned out to be the last year of a 44-yr life. She told her producers she wanted “a pretty album, something delicate.” They paid her $150 a side, in advance. Well, she gave them their money’s worth…and then some. Essential.

brainstorming

Instruction: What are some of the most accessible jazz albums for someone new to jazz? Context: Response: Jazz music encompasses a wide range of styles, genres and periods, so it can be difficult and confusing for the non-jazz listener to find a satisfying entry point. There have been many “greatest of all time” jazz album lists developed by jazz publications and critics over the years. The following is a brief sampling of some of the top-rated albums from some of these lists. - Miles Davis: Kind of Blue (1959) Miles Davis’ masterpiece. One of the most influential albums of all time, because of its widespread influence on jazz, rock and classical genres. It is the greatest selling jazz album of all time, and usually the number one pick on critics’ albums rankings. It features a cool, atmospheric modal approach that is immediately recognizable, tuneful and approachable for just about any listener. - John Coltrane: A Love Supreme (1964). Widely regarded as John Coltrane’s masterpiece, it is an intense modal jazz through-composed spiritual meditation in four parts. Every critic interprets John Coltrane’s intent and meaning of A Love Supreme differently. Whether you think he’s searching for some form of soulful purity, or cutting out the middle man to speak directly to God, your jazz-listening life won’t be the same after hearing this searing testament. - Sonny Rollins: Saxophone Collosus (1957). Sonny Rollins’ breakthrough and best-known album. Rollins emerges here as a true jazz giant belonging in the same pantheon as Coltrane, Ben Webster, Coleman Hawkins and Lester Young. His strong and highly rhythmic thematic improvisational voice is on brilliant display in ‘St. Thomas’ and ‘Blue 7’. Not to be missed is his powerful rendition of the jazz standard ‘You Don’t Know Love’ and his lovely solo during Kurt Weil’s ‘Moritat’ (also known as ‘Mack the Knife’). - Dave Brubeck: Time Out (1959) Featuring uncommon time signatures and mix of Cool and West Coast jazz, Time Out was the first jazz album to sell over a million copies and produced a single, ‘Take Five’ that became the first jazz single to sell over a million copies. Brubeck described his saxophone player Paul Desmond’s sound as “like a dry martini”. You’ll want to ice up a glass and pour yourself another with each listen to this enduring jazz mainstay. - John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman: John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman (1963) is a reluctant jazz ballad summit of giants. Johnny Hartman initially resisted the idea of recording an album with John Coltrane, believing they wouldn’t complement one another musically. Following an after-hours session with Coltrane and pianist McCoy Tyner, they agreed to work together and went in to the studio to record their self-title album that contained the definitive versions of ‘Lush Life’, ‘They Say It’s Wonderful’, and ‘My One and Only Love.’ This is an absolute essential album. - Billie Holiday: Lady in Satin (1958) Holiday’s album of Great American Songbook standards - lushly arranged around her abused, fragile, but powerfully rhythmic voice - is a testament to her professional powers of persuasion and artistic willpower in what turned out to be the last year of a 44-yr life. She told her producers she wanted “a pretty album, something delicate.” They paid her $150 a side, in advance. Well, she gave them their money’s worth…and then some. Essential.

Which of these is an electronic device? Ipad, TV, Rock, Laptop, Tree.

Sure. Ipad, TV, and Laptop are all electronic devices.

classification

Instruction: Which of these is an electronic device? Ipad, TV, Rock, Laptop, Tree. Context: Response: Sure. Ipad, TV, and Laptop are all electronic devices.

How long do you need to train before running a marathon?

Experts recommend at least 3-6 months of training before running a marathon for the first time. This also depends on your physical fitness when you start training.

general_qa

Instruction: How long do you need to train before running a marathon? Context: Response: Experts recommend at least 3-6 months of training before running a marathon for the first time. This also depends on your physical fitness when you start training.

When was Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj born?

Shivaji Shivaji Bhosale (19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680), popularly known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj , was an Indian king and founder of the Maratha Empire . Shivaraya carved out his own independent kingdom from the decaying Adilshahi of Bijapur and established the Maratha Empire. A.D. He was formally enthroned as Chhatrapati in 1674 at Raigad Fort . During his reign, Shivaji Maharaj had both alliances and enmity with the Mughal Empire , the Qutub Shahi of Gowalkonda , the Adil Shahi of Bijapur and the European colonial powers. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj built a powerful and progressive state on the strength of a disciplined army and a well-organized administrative system. Apart from repairing the forts in the coastal and interior regions, he also built many new forts. Shivarai established a competent and progressive civil government with disciplined administrative organizations. He revived the ancient Hindu political traditions, court conventions. With his excellent knowledge of the terrain, amazing speed of movement and the technique of guerilla poetry , he successfully fought the mighty Mughal and Adil Shahi forces with a small force. He encouraged the use of Marathi and Sanskrit languages ​​instead of Parsi , which was the norm at that time, in governance . In the Indian freedom struggle, nationalist leaders used Shivaji Maharaj's heroic stories to rally people and boost their morale. This portrait of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is from the British Museum in London . h 1680-1687 Shivaji Maharaj's legacy varied with observers and time. But nearly two centuries after his death, he began to gain more prominence with the rise of the Indian independence movement as many Indian freedom fighters considered him a proto-nationalist and Hindu hero. Shivaji Maharaj has a great influence in the social and political history of Maharashtra . Shivaji Maharaj is an integral part of the identity of the Marathi people . Shivaji Maharaj's birthday is celebrated as Shiv Jayanti .

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was born on 19, February 1630

closed_qa

Instruction: When was Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj born? Context: Shivaji Shivaji Bhosale (19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680), popularly known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj , was an Indian king and founder of the Maratha Empire . Shivaraya carved out his own independent kingdom from the decaying Adilshahi of Bijapur and established the Maratha Empire. A.D. He was formally enthroned as Chhatrapati in 1674 at Raigad Fort . During his reign, Shivaji Maharaj had both alliances and enmity with the Mughal Empire , the Qutub Shahi of Gowalkonda , the Adil Shahi of Bijapur and the European colonial powers. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj built a powerful and progressive state on the strength of a disciplined army and a well-organized administrative system. Apart from repairing the forts in the coastal and interior regions, he also built many new forts. Shivarai established a competent and progressive civil government with disciplined administrative organizations. He revived the ancient Hindu political traditions, court conventions. With his excellent knowledge of the terrain, amazing speed of movement and the technique of guerilla poetry , he successfully fought the mighty Mughal and Adil Shahi forces with a small force. He encouraged the use of Marathi and Sanskrit languages ​​instead of Parsi , which was the norm at that time, in governance . In the Indian freedom struggle, nationalist leaders used Shivaji Maharaj's heroic stories to rally people and boost their morale. This portrait of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is from the British Museum in London . h 1680-1687 Shivaji Maharaj's legacy varied with observers and time. But nearly two centuries after his death, he began to gain more prominence with the rise of the Indian independence movement as many Indian freedom fighters considered him a proto-nationalist and Hindu hero. Shivaji Maharaj has a great influence in the social and political history of Maharashtra . Shivaji Maharaj is an integral part of the identity of the Marathi people . Shivaji Maharaj's birthday is celebrated as Shiv Jayanti . Response: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was born on 19, February 1630

I bought two bottles of 2L coca-cola when they were on special, but when I checked my receipt, I was charged the full price! Please contact me on 0410787999 or [email protected] to discuss a refund!

I've found two pieces of personally identifiable information (PII) in the provided text: - A person's Australian mobile phone number: 0410787999 - An email address: [email protected] The Australian government defines PII as "Information that can be used on its own or with other information to identify, contact or locate a single person, or to identify an individual in context" (source: https://www.cyber.gov.au/acsc/view-all-content/glossary/personally-identifiable-information-pii)

classification

Instruction: I bought two bottles of 2L coca-cola when they were on special, but when I checked my receipt, I was charged the full price! Please contact me on 0410787999 or [email protected] to discuss a refund! Context: Response: I've found two pieces of personally identifiable information (PII) in the provided text: - A person's Australian mobile phone number: 0410787999 - An email address: [email protected] The Australian government defines PII as "Information that can be used on its own or with other information to identify, contact or locate a single person, or to identify an individual in context" (source: https://www.cyber.gov.au/acsc/view-all-content/glossary/personally-identifiable-information-pii)

Is it possible to visit the German Bundestag?

Yes, it is possible for tourists to visit the Bundestag. With prior registration, you can enter the roof terrace and the dome. From there, visitors have a view of the parliament and Berlin's skyline. The visitor area is open seven days a week, with the exception of public holidays, such as Christmas. The last admission is at 9:45 PM.

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Instruction: Is it possible to visit the German Bundestag? Context: Response: Yes, it is possible for tourists to visit the Bundestag. With prior registration, you can enter the roof terrace and the dome. From there, visitors have a view of the parliament and Berlin's skyline. The visitor area is open seven days a week, with the exception of public holidays, such as Christmas. The last admission is at 9:45 PM.

What is the difference between common law and civil law?

The primary difference between common law and civil law is that in common law jurisdictions, published court decisions are of primary importance to understanding legal rules. In civil law jurisdictions, published rules or statutes are of primary importance. Common law's origins are found in England, where court decisions filled in gaps in "writs" issued by the monarch. Civil law, by comparison, traces its origins to codes of laws compiled beginning around the time of the Roman Empire. While there are around 150 countries that largely follow a common law model, and 80 that follow a civil law model, the reality is that many jurisdictions incorporate elements of both common law and civil law. Even within a country, different models may apply.

general_qa

Instruction: What is the difference between common law and civil law? Context: Response: The primary difference between common law and civil law is that in common law jurisdictions, published court decisions are of primary importance to understanding legal rules. In civil law jurisdictions, published rules or statutes are of primary importance. Common law's origins are found in England, where court decisions filled in gaps in "writs" issued by the monarch. Civil law, by comparison, traces its origins to codes of laws compiled beginning around the time of the Roman Empire. While there are around 150 countries that largely follow a common law model, and 80 that follow a civil law model, the reality is that many jurisdictions incorporate elements of both common law and civil law. Even within a country, different models may apply.

What is API abuse?

API abuse refers to different ways an attacker misuses a software or system. In most cases such behavior violates Terms of Services. Some example of abusive behavior are: access to to sensitive data, bulk data exfiltration (scraping), crypto-mining.

general_qa

Instruction: What is API abuse? Context: Response: API abuse refers to different ways an attacker misuses a software or system. In most cases such behavior violates Terms of Services. Some example of abusive behavior are: access to to sensitive data, bulk data exfiltration (scraping), crypto-mining.

Spanish patatas bravas are potatoes served with a red sauce made with tomatoes and chilis. Could patatas bravas have existed in 1490?

Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla the "magic eight" ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas before 1492 and were taken via the Columbian Exchange back to the Old World, dramatically transforming the cuisine there. According to Frank, If we deconstruct that these foods were inherently native, then that means that the Italians didn't have the tomato, the Irish didn't have the potato, half the British National Dish—Fish and Chips—didn't exist. The Russians didn't have the potato, nor did they have vodka from the potato. There were no chiles in any Asian cuisine anywhere in the world, nor were there any chiles in any East Indian cuisine dishes, including curries. And the French had no confection using either vanilla or chocolate. So the Old World was a completely different place.

No, patatas bravas could not have existed in 1490. This is because in 1490 the Americas had not yet been visited by Europeans, and so Spaniards didn't have access to the potatoes, tomatoes or chilis present in the dish, because those plants are all from the Americas originally.

closed_qa

Instruction: Spanish patatas bravas are potatoes served with a red sauce made with tomatoes and chilis. Could patatas bravas have existed in 1490? Context: Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla the "magic eight" ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas before 1492 and were taken via the Columbian Exchange back to the Old World, dramatically transforming the cuisine there. According to Frank, If we deconstruct that these foods were inherently native, then that means that the Italians didn't have the tomato, the Irish didn't have the potato, half the British National Dish—Fish and Chips—didn't exist. The Russians didn't have the potato, nor did they have vodka from the potato. There were no chiles in any Asian cuisine anywhere in the world, nor were there any chiles in any East Indian cuisine dishes, including curries. And the French had no confection using either vanilla or chocolate. So the Old World was a completely different place. Response: No, patatas bravas could not have existed in 1490. This is because in 1490 the Americas had not yet been visited by Europeans, and so Spaniards didn't have access to the potatoes, tomatoes or chilis present in the dish, because those plants are all from the Americas originally.

What are some common mushrooms used in cooking?

Common mushrooms used in cooking include white button, cremini, portobello, shiitake, oyster, porcini, morel, and enoki.

brainstorming

Instruction: What are some common mushrooms used in cooking? Context: Response: Common mushrooms used in cooking include white button, cremini, portobello, shiitake, oyster, porcini, morel, and enoki.

Which TV series was narrated by Walter Winchell

The Untouchables

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Instruction: Which TV series was narrated by Walter Winchell Context: Response: The Untouchables

What is the best-selling book of all time?

According to Guinness World Records as of 1995, the Bible is the best-selling book of all time with an estimated 5 billion copies sold and distributed.

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Instruction: What is the best-selling book of all time? Context: Response: According to Guinness World Records as of 1995, the Bible is the best-selling book of all time with an estimated 5 billion copies sold and distributed.

Who is Lee Jung-sik

Lee Jung-sik (born July 6, 1995) is a South Korean actor and model. He is best known for his starring roles in the web series I Have Three Boyfriends (2019) and Summer Guys (2021).

open_qa

Instruction: Who is Lee Jung-sik Context: Response: Lee Jung-sik (born July 6, 1995) is a South Korean actor and model. He is best known for his starring roles in the web series I Have Three Boyfriends (2019) and Summer Guys (2021).