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Scientists have found a superbright supernova in a galaxy 10 billion light-years away, which erupted about 3.5 billion years after the Big Bang, during what the astronomers called the "noon of the universe". Ordinary supernovas are the days when massive stars die. It is caused by a violent explosion. The brightness of superbright supernovae is 10 to 100 times higher than that of ordinary supernovae, and the formation mechanism is not clear at present. The galaxies where superbright supernovas found in the past are all relatively small, making scientists think that small galaxies lack heavy elements The environment is conducive to the generation of superbright supernovae. The galaxy found in this superbright supernova is an ordinary mass galaxy, which makes people rethink the formation of superbright supernovae. This means that the Milky Way may also have the conditions to generate superbright supernovae.

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In recent years, a "fish oil fever" has emerged in the health product market. Fish oil is unsaturated fatty acids. Proper consumption of unsaturated fatty acids can prevent the occurrence of arteriosclerosis and reduce the symptoms of arteriosclerosis. On the one hand, fish oil can regulate blood lipids and reduce Total cholesterol and "bad cholesterol"-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. On the other hand, fish oil can improve memory and protect the retina. It is said that high-dose intake of fish oil can effectively lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension, but some researchers concluded that 31 A foreign study found that although a large daily intake of fish oil can slightly reduce blood pressure, if the dosage is too large, it will stimulate the human gastrointestinal tract. In addition, excessive intake of fish oil will also be converted into human fat storage, Makes people fat, which negatively affects the body.

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The Internet has profoundly changed the way media is produced. The media environment presents three major trends: "mobile, social, and visual. " The influence of these trends on the creation of online media is the foundation of the fan economy. The media are more rapid and convenient. It is closer to the psychological distance of fans, and the degree of organization of fans has greatly improved, which enables fans to more smoothly participate in the life of idols, and even change the life status and acting career of idols. In cultural industries such as TV series, fans The flow economy has been the main thrust of the industry: the price of single drama series has risen from 2.4-5 million to 4-10 million, and the increase has been paid by fans, and the artist's film pay and copyright fees have skyrocketed.

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The key to whether there is craftsmanship is to see if there is an ingenuity that is obscured and obsessed with the pursuit of excellence. To build a craftsmanship, we must adhere to the original intention, persist in concentration, uphold the heart of the child, abandon the impetuous hustle and bustle, and sit in our post. , Well done. How can you sit and do well? The key is to focus on the pursuit of perfection and perfect every detail of the product as much as possible.

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In fact, most people are living along an inherent set of paths and habits, that is, "comfort zone", and tend not to break it. Especially under the influence of Internet culture, it is easier for people to hold similar views People warm up in groups, strengthen the original cognitive method, and enhance the sense of security. There are so many uncertain factors in life. Keeping it open while keeping it open will have more opportunities to embrace a beautiful ending. Because you can't figure out at what point you will open up and become a very strange but happy yourself.

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The data monopoly of artificial intelligence raises new practical problems for antitrust theory. In other words, the theoretical innovation of antitrust law is a real practical requirement. Specifically, the theoretical innovation needs of antitrust law mainly include the following: Aspect: First, the bilateral market theory. Corresponding to the unilateral market, the bilateral market theory proposed by economists can provide useful ideas for antitrust enforcement in multilateral data markets. The current bilateral market theory requires attention on the one hand Practice trends further improve the theory itself. On the other hand, we need to explore how bilateral market theory can be translated into applicable antitrust laws and regulations. Second, relevant market theory. Data antitrust of artificial intelligence needs to explore the definition of a "data market" separately. Necessity and feasibility, we also need to face the inability of traditional related market definition tools in the data market, and then actively explore alternative analytical tools.

The next most likely thing is the data monopoly:.

Now I often hear a saying that IQ is not equal to EQ. Where one can go and what achievements are, the key lies in EQ. This "emotional quotient determinism" is very arrogant and suspicious. Around us, no matter in life, Still at work, as long as one's things are not done well, they will be linked to the lack of EQ. In fact, we all exaggerate the role of EQ, ignore IQ, strength, and diligence, thinking that as long as you play EQ, you can go back and forth. It s actually not true. EQ is important when people are in the workplace, but the decisive factors are IQ and talent. Playing with EQ can make you exquisite, but after all, you ca nt play actual performance or scientific research results. A person has real talents to learn. Strong skills and hard work, then emotional intelligence is actually the icing on the cake.

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Acacia spp. It is an alias of the genus Aceraceae, which belongs to the genus Aceraceae of the family Aceraceae. It grows in forests or sparse forests at an altitude of 1000 to 2000 meters and can reach up to 15 meters. Compound leaves; white flowers bloom in early summer, androgyny, panicles; the fruit is divided into two small nuts, each with broad wings and shape like money. Due to the indiscriminate felling of forest trees, adult money maple plants are extremely rare, plus Natural regeneration is weak and it is difficult to grow young trees. They need protection like giant pandas.

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There are more than 15,000 marine protected areas in the world, and most of the protected areas allow commercial activities. Human beings have fully utilized or even overexploited 89% of the world's fish resources and destroyed nearly half of the world's coral reefs. Scientists believe that To protect the healthy diversity of marine life, at least 30% of the world's oceans need to be assigned to protected areas. It is important that most protected areas be close to the prosperous coast. If a sea area is isolated for a sufficient period of time, there will be many fish and organisms. A rebound will occur. Prosperous fish will gradually spread to adjacent waters. Intelligent protected areas can even make marine ecology more resilient under various pressures (such as pollution, warming and acidification).

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Air pollution has blocked normal communication between plants and insects, and this has a greater impact on pollinating insects such as bees. Although, as far as the number of bee populations is affected, no one can take it at this stage. A complete monitoring data was produced, but the study found that the common plant volatile substance myrcene is easily destroyed by diesel exhaust, and the lack of myrcene can disorient bees on their way to find a honey source. After myrcene was removed, only 37% of bees could still identify where the honey was.

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Why do dogs hide their mouths under their forelimbs when they sleep, and cats squeeze their ears under their forelimbs when they sleep? Animals use sensory organs to detect changes in the surrounding environment and respond differently to different changes. Dogs' sense of smell is particularly sensitive. To identify some objects, military dogs also rely on their sense of smell to judge hostility and identify paths. For a dog, its nose is the most valuable, so when it sleeps, hide its mouth and nose with its forelimbs to protect it, and use its nose to be alert to surrounding movement Once there is a situation, you can use your nose to identify it immediately, and you can also use screams to demonstrate. The cat's hearing is particularly sensitive. It uses hearing to detect changes in the surroundings. When it catches mice, it uses hearing to detect the location of the mouse. For example, its ears are the most precious, so when it sleeps, it squeezes the ears under the forelimbs to protect the ears on the one hand and stick the ears to the ground on the other hand, and once it hears the sound, it can take action immediately. After the human family, cats and dogs still maintain this sleeping position.

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The formation of stars requires gas. In star clusters, because a large amount of gas will be dissipated in the early stage of star cluster formation, star clusters have been considered to be unable to form new stars. Only collisions or mergers between stars are likely to be old. Stars replenish burning matter. They look younger than the rest of the stars. Stars formed by collisions or mergers are called blue discrete stars, and their name comes from their very different evolutionary processes compared to most stars. This keeps them out of the evolutionary trajectory of theoretical predictions. A research team used observational data to study the blue discrete stars in the young star cluster NGC.2173, and for the first time observed an unusual group of blue discrete stars in this young cluster. According to the discovery, this star cluster contains blue discrete stars formed by sudden bursts.

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Landfills are breeding grounds for anaerobic bacteria and produce a large amount of methane. Methane has a stronger greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide. Although it can be captured and converted into energy, even the most efficient recovery system still has up to 10% Methane escapes. Because most of the methane produced in landfills comes from organic waste, it can be treated in a greener way. The simplest way is to compost. In fact, two-thirds of the waste in the landfill can Composting, which greatly reduces the production of methane. Due to the high temperature and pressure generated during the composting process, the carbon in organic waste may be partially converted into carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. So we can consider recombining these organic substances into liquid fuel (ethanol or ethanol) Methanol), or as other industrial raw materials.

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At the macro scale, diamond is generally considered to show no slight deformation behavior. The consequences of any extreme attempt to deform it often occurs before a brittle fracture occurs before it can reach visible deformation. This makes it useful in some applications that may withstand mechanical deformation. Limited. In order to perform nano-scale mechanical tests on it, the research team designed a unique set of nano-mechanical experimental methods to conduct quantitative "compression-bending" tests on single crystal and polycrystalline diamond nanoneedle samples. The results show that the test The samples can achieve large deformations that are tens of times higher than macro-diamonds, and can be fully recovered within a large range. The experimental results have been simulated and analyzed to confirm that the elastic deformation of the single-crystal diamond nanoneedle on the tensile side reaches about 9 The corresponding intensity is also close to its theoretical limit. This discovery will help further expand the application of diamond in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, biodetection and imaging.

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When discussing issues, we must clarify the stylistic elements. People traditionally divide argumentative thesis into three elements, that is, arguments, arguments, and arguments. And any argument must first clearly define the object of argument. Mr. Ye Shengtao in "Articles and Legends" Say: "Explanation is based on 'Explanation White' as a success, but an argumentative essay is based on 'Persuasion of others'. " Mr. Ye explained the composition in simple language. There is no flower frame, follow the composition idea, writing rules, is a business-oriented approach, different from The latecomer's shame came to an end, and he described the engraving technique as the rule of composition, and made all the papers full of flowers. Since the papers are to "persuade others," the writer must first make clear who this "other" is. It can be used as a prelude to argumentative writing.

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Responsible justice in ancient China meant that judicial personnel must be responsible for their actions. In the legalist thought, the theory of responsible justice originated from the theory of responsible administration, because the judicial power and administrative power were not separated at the time. The theory of responsible administration required administration The law enforcement subject must bear responsibility for his actions. To this end, the Qin Dynasty established a comprehensive monitoring system to monitor administrative law enforcement and investigate the law enforcement subject's illegal acts. At that time, judicial power was part of administrative power, so The supervision of administrative power includes the supervision of judicial power. If the subject of supervision finds that judicial officers have problems with judicial injustice, they will be punished. It can be said that the supervision system was the prerequisite for the establishment of the judicial responsibility system at that time. The system is groundbreaking, and the crimes such as "injustice" stipulated in the "Qin Law" are examples. Responsible justice is also a kind of "administrator" justice. Orbit.

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Stealth aircraft can be "stealth" mainly by using a series of invisible high-tech, including invisible materials for the body skeleton and skin, invisible coating materials on the surface, invisible structure, infrared radiation reduction technology, noise reduction technology and electronic interference Technology, etc. There are several types of invisible materials for the manufacture of stealth aircraft skeletons and skins. The most commonly used are carbon fiber reinforced resin composites, carbon fiber and carbon matrix combined carbon-carbon composite materials, and silicon carbide wire reinforced aluminum composites. These composite materials are lightweight and capable of absorbing radar waves. A honeycomb core material is also used as a lining in the skin of the U. S. B. -2 stealth bomber to further improve the body's ability to absorb radar waves. In order to obtain the perfect double-safety effect, the entire surface of the fuselage is also coated with a layer of nickel-cobalt ferrite, or a stealth coating composed of metal and metal oxide ultra-fine powder. This coating can make the radar irradiated. The magnetic loss of the wave increases, which plays the role of absorbing and transmitting waves.

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Many people now reject and fear sweetness and sugar, because they are very afraid of getting fat, and eating a small piece of candy will make them fat. In fact, what really makes people fat is not that small piece of candy, but the food you eat every day contains more energy than you consume. Steamed bread, noodles, rice, or cornmeal nests have starch, or unsweetened sugar. The calories released by the oxidation of starch in the human body are basically the same as sucrose. Controlling weight gain is mainly about controlling the total calorie intake, not whether the taste of the food is sweet.

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Smart city refers to a city form that uses next-generation information technology for refined and dynamic management. The concept of a smart city has been proposed for 10 years, but most smart cities are still at the stage of information system construction and cannot integrate information. Moving forward in the utilization phase. The root of this problem lies in the existence of a large number of "data islands". Although each enterprise and unit has its own information system, the construction level is uneven, and there is no uniform construction standard, making it difficult for data between systems Sharing, information is hard to handle with applications.

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Promoting the development of media integration is related to the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities. In the era of all-media, the media is not only the provider and disseminator of information, but also plays an important role in national governance. Therefore, media integration is not only A communication proposition or a governance proposition.

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The state is a political entity surrounded by borders and a region where the state power exercises power, which can be regarded as a political division. However, the political division surrounded by such borders is only a form of the state, not the essence of the state. The state means that the people within the border have formed a kind of "cohesion". This cohesion can be called "national consciousness", that is, everyone thinks that I am a "national". A country, which cannot be called a country, in essence, is very unstable. The real big country is not only a large territory but a large population. The key is whether its nationals have developed a "national awareness" and produced a "national identity. ".

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Literary classics are vital to the prosperity of a nation and its culture. On the one hand, it is an artistic and aesthetic creation of a nation in the long history of history, which focuses on the core values and moral ideals of the nation, and becomes a member of the nation The emotional bond of collective memory; on the other hand, it is also a unique spiritual creation of a nation, in which the aesthetic style and artistic charm presented have become its spiritual badges and cultural signs that are different from other nations, and it is the most recognizable cultural brand. Because literary classics have huge value-leading power, cultural appeal and aesthetic appeal, the international community currently regards inheriting and carrying forward their national literary classics as a major strategy to build a national identity, shape the country's good image, and enhance cultural soft power.

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Whether in ancient China or ancient Greece, as early as several centuries BC, scholars have noticed the different influences of different geographic environments on the temperament, psychology, and temperament of various human groups. Western academic circles since the 18th century After the publication of the "Spirit of the Law", the important role of natural geography in the development of social history was generally emphasized, and the important influence of the geographical environment on the type of human civilization and cultural model was emphasized. After the Spirit (translated as "Axiom of One Thousand Laws"), Liang Qichao was the head of the academic community, and extensively discussed the "relationship between geography and civilization", and the "historical view of geography" also became popular.

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Since the turn of the millennium, the Dragon Boat Festival has always been rich in historical flavor, thick humanistic sentiments and profound ethical connotations, constantly infiltrating a rich spiritual culture, giving us mellow and long-term nourishment, and giving the nation an endless drive. Therefore, the more the modernization and urbanization scour the traditional culture, the more we must have the consciousness and self-confidence to continue our own culture. The inherent rituals that rely on emotions and cultural symbols can be simplified, and the rich folklore expressions can evolve. However, the solemn value of the Dragon Boat Festival cannot be erased, the awe in your heart cannot be dissipated, and the respect for history and culture cannot be abandoned.

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Once agriculture is on the right track, it develops rapidly in just a few thousand years. The reason for agricultural development is rapid population growth. Agricultural development can support more people, and agricultural development needs more people. Human social progress. The advent of agriculture has finally made mankind finally adapt to nature and actively transform nature, and the progress of agriculture is unavoidably accompanied by the destruction of the ecological environment. For a long time of 3 million years, humans did not choose agriculture It is backward and peaceful to live and reproduce. Before and after 10,000 years ago, human beings chose agriculture, and since then, they can no longer stop moving forward. The development of civilization and society and the destruction of the ecological environment continue to intensify. In the contradiction of continuous progress.

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Just looking at the rising tide of machine substitution, in the current tight labor supply context, it has not seen a significant negative impact on employment. In addition, the deepening of the industry and the division of labor brought about by the technological revolution may also lead to more There are many employment opportunities. However, it is too optimistic to say that it is absolutely contradictory to deny that machine substitution and full employment are not contradictory. At present, employees engaged in repetitive, routine, high-risk work are most likely to compete in human-machine competition In the face of technological innovation, we cannot easily abandon traditional manufacturing that is conducive to increasing employment, and we need to accelerate the development of modern service industries that are conducive to absorbing employment.

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The Chinese culture has enough wisdom and vigor to digest foreign cultures, and Buddhism was successfully digested and absorbed as an example. In the development of thousands of years, Chinese culture has been able to absorb various cultural nutrients widely and always has its own distinctive features, because of it Foreign culture is not simply brought or rejected, but always maintains its own subjectivity and insists on taking me as the main subject for my use. However, since modern times, some people have two significant differences in cultural understanding. Balance: First, the imbalance between the proportion of Chinese and Western cultures; second, the imbalance between humanities and science and culture. This imbalance is reflected in education, that is, Chinese culture has received insufficient attention, while Western culture has accounted for a large proportion. Biased.

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In ancient China, the social status of the businessmen was always very low. In the Tang Dynasty, businessmen were strictly forbidden from becoming officials, and even businessmen were not allowed to stand next to the gentleman of the dynasty. "None" is a social requirement, but there were still strict regulations on the merchant's clothing in the early days. The development of the commodity economy in the middle and late Ming Dynasty prompted businessmen to congregate, and these rules and regulations surrounding businessmen gradually lost their previous effectiveness. Despite this, the freedom of businessmen in their daily expenses is also limited, and "eating" has become one of the few opportunities for wealthy Yangzhou wealthy merchants to choose from. Therefore, the wealthy merchants of Yangzhou have spent a lot of money to do everything they can to "eat".

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In the new media era, China needs to rely more on forces outside the government to mobilize groups and the general public to carry out various forms of public diplomacy. Big data not only provides a platform for public diplomacy, but also improves diplomatic capabilities. Blog, Weibo Colorful social media, such as WeChat, have enriched the form and connotation of diplomacy. Different countries have a different histories, cultures, and different levels of development, and public diplomacy needs to distinguish different audiences. Big data can be used as a reference for different groups' preferences, thinking methods, and value tendencies. Department, to provide a precision-oriented evaluation system for public diplomacy, in order to achieve the effect of "dive into the night with the wind, moisturizing and silent".

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The development of new technology has brought reading into a wider world. This aspect has brought many new experiences to "reading", and at the same time, it has inevitably been affected by the ills of excessive entertainment and fragmentation in the reading of new media. This has given new media The thickness and depth of epoch reading are, to a certain extent, quite different from traditional paper reading. How to avoid over-fragmented fast-food reading, so that the energy and time spent on reading is true "value for money", and at the same time get through the cultural divide between traditional reading and new media reading is a problem facing modern people.

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The difference between genetically modified crops and ordinary plants is that there are more genes that can produce additional characteristics. As early as 1983, biologists already knew how to use biological technology to transplant foreign genes into the DNA of certain plants in order to Make it produce some new characteristics that can not be obtained by hybridization: resistance to herbicides, resistance to plant viruses, resistance to certain pests, etc. The genes used for transplantation can come from any living body: bacteria, viruses , Insects, etc.

Which of the following understandings of the concept of "GMO crops" is correct?

In a broad sense, environmental culture includes both material and spiritual results; in a narrow sense, it includes only spiritual results. It mainly refers to those obtained on environmental protection issues, national, national, Even the broad consensus of the entire human race, as well as various cultural and artistic expressions that contain these "consensus" content.

What does the word "it" in the passage refer to?

Science is the search for truth. In the process of searching for truth, people's understanding of objective laws must go through a difficult and torturous process. There are often such situations: due to different research perspectives, differences in the mastery of data, and different methods of recognition, there will be the situation of horizontal ridges and peaks, different heights and distances, caused academic debates. Therefore, active scientists regard the opposition as a great help to themselves, and treat their own criticism as Precious friendship. As Li Siguang said: "Nothing can inspire me more than a frank criticism of my thesis. " Goethe also said: "What we agree with keeps us in peace. What we object to Only by making our thoughts productive. "This is because the opinions of approval are not necessarily correct, and the opinions of opposition are not necessarily wrong. Taking a step back, even the wrong opposition is good for our own scientific research.

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The way of thinking in modern science has undergone tremendous changes in the course of scientific development. It has undergone a transformation from mechanical thinking to system-oriented thinking, emphasizing the dynamics, complexity, and contingency of cognitive systems.

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The software has no problems such as wear, aging, worn-out during long-term operation and use. In the operation and use of any mechanical and electronic equipment, its failure rate mostly follows the U-shaped curve (the so-called "bathtub curve"). That is because just one When the components are put into use, they have not yet flexibly operated, and they are often prone to problems. After a period of operation, they can be stabilized. When the equipment has experienced a period of operation, problems such as wear and aging will occur, which will suddenly increase the failure rate. It means that the end of life has been reached and it is about to be scrapped.

What is the following statement that does not fit the text?

Although the bacteria are too small to be seen by the naked eye, they do play a key role in the process of decomposing dead branches and leaves. They can absorb the carbon dioxide and other nutrients to grow the trunks and branches, and then break down into carbon dioxide and release it into the atmosphere Without bacteria, the carbon dioxide on the earth can only sustain the use of plants for 40 years, because carbon will be locked in the plants and cannot participate in the material cycle. Because of this effect of bacteria, the entire forest is maintained Even the greenery of the entire planet.

What is incorrect about the "critical role" in the passage below?

Humans have a type of memory called immune memory. There are very few self-sacrifice cells in human blood. They live for a short time, and their main function is to destroy as many enemies as possible. Toxic substances respond quickly, generate antibodies, stick harmful substances to prevent them from entering other organs, and the task of destroying enemies lies on the head of phagocytes in the blood. These cells can effortlessly distinguish foreign cells To be able to remember them and retain their memories. Once a person has measles or scarlet fever, they will get lifelong immunity.

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According to experts, climbing stairs upstairs is equivalent to doing aerobic exercise, which can exercise cardiopulmonary function, and at the same time can exercise the leg muscle groups, can play a certain exercise effect. But when going down the stairs, the knee and ankle joints must bear the entire The weight of the body, repeated this movement, will artificially increase the amount of activity of these joints, the intensity of compression will increase sharply, the possibility of joints being worn will increase, which is not good for the body.

What is the correct understanding of this text?

The law itself is not omnipotent, and there are many problems in social life, and the ultimate solution cannot rely on the law, or at least not rely on the law. In many cases, the key to social contradictions and their resolution comes from politics, economy, culture, etc. Real level.

What is the inaccurate understanding of this text?

A citizen of Jinan, Ms. Jia found that a bottle of sesame oil purchased at the supermarket had an abnormal taste, but the product did not expire. The supermarket staff believed that there was no quality problem with the sesame oil, and Ms. Jia was willing to return the goods unless she had a legitimate quality inspection report. I found the Food Center of Jinan Quality Supervision Bureau. The other side told her that the testing fee would cost several hundred yuan. Ms. Jia said that this bottle of sesame oil is worth 13.5 yuan, and the inspection fee would be several hundred yuan. Travel expenses, time, and energy are really worth the loss. For this reason, Ms. Jia had to throw the remaining sesame oil into the trash can and no longer complained.

According to this article, what is the correct understanding?

At Xiehe Building Materials Co. , Ltd. in a certain county, a worker accidentally wasted more while using brick-making raw materials, and one of his colleagues who had a good relationship turned out to be angry. The manager said that this kind of thing is quite common now Workers with poor labor discipline have become the target of public criticism. In the past, it often occurred that equipment was not repaired and the newly purchased brick-making machine was destroyed in less than one year. In 1993, the company was reorganized into a joint-stock company, at 2.1 million yuan. Among the total shares, employees individually invested 1 million yuan. The enterprise connected employees through asset bonds, and employees were both shareholders and laborers, and their enthusiasm was unprecedentedly high.

What is the main point supported by this passage?

Sports is a living work developed to meet the needs of human production, military, and health. The rise of the modern Olympics has further internationalized the spirit of sports, but at the same time, due to commercial operations and interests, the composition has increased, in some aspects, Sports has also begun to deviate from its original purpose. It is undeniable that sports are difficult to develop without social background, but more importantly, sports are a symbol of human society's pursuit of progress. Once this intention is violated, the role of sports on humans will be Weakness will eventually lose the need for its existence and development.

What is the main point supported by this passage?

For example, corn and cotton that are resistant to pests in the United States may accelerate the emergence of some more difficult pests. All molecules of this crop secrete a small amount of "insecticides", a pesticide like any pesticide It is also possible to choose "aerosols" that kill certain pests.

What's the right thing to understand?

The history of stocks in China can be traced back to the period of the Westernization Movement in the 19th century. At that time, a number of joint-stock enterprises jointly organized by the government and the businessmen appeared in China. The Steamship Merchants Bureau, established in 1873, issued China's earliest stocks. The government promulgated the Stock Exchange Law, and the Beijing Stock Exchange was established in 1917. Before the War of Resistance Against Japan, there were more than a hundred listed stocks. But after several setbacks, the stock market never developed.

The most appropriate summary of this text is:.

Several times when I heard the radio host ask the show participants "what's your name", I'm disgusted. If the other party is a child, answering "I'm Mao Mao" or "I'm Zhenzhen", it looks kind. The other party is an adult with a name and a surname. This kind of questioning seems too rude. The vocabulary of our country is very rich. The traditional "Is the name of a surname?" This is not pedantic but civilized and polite. We should distinguish the first sentence "What are you called?".

According to this article, the person's name should be considered when asking someone's name:.

In good politics, public power must be restricted. The methods of restricting public power can be roughly divided into two categories, one is rigid constraints; the other is soft constraints, that is, moral constraints on power. Restricting power must not only be sound The system makes the restriction of power rigid; it is also necessary to give play to the role of official morals and allow conscience to restrict power.

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The National Bureau of Statistics released a report saying that China's economic aggregate now ranks sixth from fourth to fourth in the world, and its per capita gross national income ranks among the middle-income countries. This is gratifying However, while we are happy and encouraged, we should also remain calm. It should be seen that although our economy is developing rapidly, it is still far from the world's advanced countries and our own long-term goals. Only In terms of China's per capita gross national income ranks among the world's medium-sized countries, we need to take a closer look at the gold content of our "step people".

One thing that is inconsistent with the central point of this text is:.

Even through ordinary transparent materials such as glass or water, the speed of light is slightly reduced because light interacts with the atoms that make up the material. But in this case, the impact is weak and any attempt to strengthen it will Leads to the absorption of light. Therefore, it is important to reduce the speed of light and not to be absorbed. Welchbo soil does this through a cell. This method puts the plutonium atom in a very delicate quantum state In this state, the plutonium atom cannot absorb light. At the same time, the interaction of the two beams of light produces another beam of light with a long wavelength, which travels much slower than the original two beams of light.

Which of the following items that is not part of the experiments performed by Welch:.

The first humans, in order to find enough food, often lived a erratic life and drifted to a place, that is, to find a temporary overnight lodge. This often-migrating but comfortable way of living should be regarded as a human A transitional stage before the nest form enters the cave form.

The most correct summary of the "transition stage" in the text is:.

"All-optical communication" is a new type of light wave communication without any photoelectric conversion. In an all-optical communication system, images and voice information are directly converted into optical signals and transmitted in transmission media. In camera optical systems, fiber optic systems and In the all-optical communication system composed of the receiving optical amplification system, since no photoelectric conversion is required, there are no electronic components, the signal distortion is small, and it can continuously work in high temperature environments above 100 㠃, which is an ideal communication method.

Which of the following statements does not fit the text is:.

There is a method that can be used to calculate the distance of the universe called "parallax". The meaning of the word parallax is not difficult. You put a finger about 8 cm in front of your eyes, and you only look with your left eye, then with your right eye You will feel that your finger has moved the position for the distant scene, because when you go to see it twice, the angle is different. Now you move your finger away, for example, straighten your arms, and then look at the last method, this time you will feel that your finger is moving relative to the background, but the amount of movement is not so large. Therefore, the size of the finger moving relative to the background can be used to determine the distance from the finger to the eye.

According to the article, the correct expression of the definition of "parallax" is:.

Huizhou culture mainly refers to the specific living structure system that is based on Huizhou (anciently known as Xin'an County) and originates from the object relationship between people and nature and people in history. Like any culture, it also includes material culture and institutions Cultural, ideological, and implicit mentality, value systems, and other cultural psychological structures, and has created brilliant and distinctive results at all cultural levels.

One incorrect understanding of "Huizhou Culture" is:.

Participation in the fire is astrology known to ancient women and children. The Xia people have deep reasons for knowing the ginseng. When the ginseng falls to the horizon after dusk and is almost invisible, it is the time when the earth returns to spring. "The farm is busy preparing for farming", it has become an important basis for the teaching of the Xia ethnic group. Around 2400 BC, the fire appeared on the eastern horizon when it was dark in the spring. Its light was like a flame in the east. It attracts people's attention, not only because it is bright, it is like a deliberate fire to light people's hope for seeding.

The meaning of "viewing and giving time" in the text is:.

In Wu Yigun's career as a criminal policeman, this is the first time like today. Such a close distance has formed an unprecedented gambling game. There is a win and a loss when gambling. He wins, and of course he can lose. No In the back, Wu Yi shot unexpectedly wanted to perfect the shooting action. The last time his colleagues gave their lives because of the pursuit of perfection and beautiful movements, but now he still hopes that he can complete a true perfection in front of the gangster. Singing.

The misunderstanding of the sentence "Wu Yi shot without a back lane unexpectedly wants to make the shooting action perfect" is:.

According to World Health Organization statistics, 12 million people are prematurely killed by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases every year. The death rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is the highest among various diseases, and "stroke" is Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. If self-medicated with "reinforcing the mind for 3 minutes", it can save 3 million people worldwide from death each year and 600,000 people from China in a year, because "strokes" often occur in At night, the most dangerous moment is the "moment" of waking up. But there are tricks to prevent this "moment", that is, when you wake up, you can raise your mind for 3 minutes.

what diseases is article mainly talks about?

When we promoted the "Car Free Day" with great fanfare, it is unknown that its birthplace, "Car Free Day" in Europe, is already facing a dead end. It is reported that the cities that hold Car Free Day events in Europe and the scale of their activities have been greatly reduced. Looking at France as a whole, 98 cities participated in the "Car Free Day" in 2003, which was reduced to 72 in 2004, leaving only 56 in 2005. The German capital, Berlin, and the Italian capital, Rome, both quit the "Car Free Day" in 2003. The French Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development had to regret to say that "Car-free Day" is a meaningful event, but it is not realistic and not enough to change the driving habits of the people.

The following statements are consistent with the views of this article:.

The rapid development of emerging Asian countries, especially the development of their industrialization and urbanization, and the improvement of the living standards of large numbers of people will keep the demand for resources and agricultural and livestock products in the international market at a high level for quite a long time. For emerging Asian economies on the road, the high prices of primary products will make them abandon the development methods adopted by Europe and the United States during the industrialization process in the past and look for a low resource consumption road. For Latin American and African countries, In other words, the rise of Asia and rising prices of primary products are also a rare development opportunity.

The most appropriate summary of this text is:.

At present, the standards of the minimum living security line in China are different. Many less-developed areas are 50 yuan or 60 yuan per person per month. In some news reports, the topic is "improving the minimum living standard to 50 yuan per month". Achievements. Of course, the price level and living index of different places are very different, but in China today, even if the dibao line in many developed cities is more than 300 yuan a month, it is still difficult for dibao households to maintain their livelihood. Hardships are not hard to imagine.

This passage is mainly to emphasize:.

Phytoremediation is a new environmental pollution control technology that uses certain plants that can tolerate and super-enrich toxic elements and their coexisting microbial systems to remove pollution. Phytoremediation systems can be viewed as solar-powered "water pumps" and carry out Biological treatment of "plant reactor", plants can absorb and transfer elements and compounds, can accumulate, metabolize and fix pollutants, is an important way to fundamentally solve soil pollution.

The following statements are not among the advantages of phytoremediation:.

Today's students take the college entrance examination as the most important goal in life, and schools and parents are rushing to do so. Because the college entrance examination does not test the practical ability, it naturally takes courses that are not related to the college entrance examination as a sub-subject. As a result, many Chinese students have high scores and low energy. The status quo of poor hands-on ability. This may seem like a small problem, but in fact it has an important relationship with the structure of Chinese talent training, and even affects China's future to some extent.

This passage is mainly to emphasize:.

Difficulties in life and loneliness in the heart have made me shaken about my choice. Whenever I worry about eating, or miss my mother, I can only call, I really regret my impulse choice. But think about it after all It's my own decision, but it's only half a year, it can be quite good! But soon, seeing the improvement of the English results of these rural children, one by one, the children who dropped out of school returned to the classroom, I think I found a favorite Feeling here.

The author's most likely identity is:.

At present, the protection of personal privacy in China's laws is relatively weak, and personal privacy is mainly protected by the right of personal reputation. Moreover, if the right of personal reputation is violated, the consequences of infringement will be investigated. The vast majority of those who have been "harassed" For the people, the consequences of the violation are not very obvious and it is difficult to investigate.

What does the author want to express through this passage?

Investment is still the main driving force for China's economic growth, but unlike the previous drive, which was mainly driven by the interests of local governments, investment is now increasingly driven by corporate profits and profitability, and the quality of investment has improved significantly. At the same time, the stronger the profitability Industrial industry. Investment growth is also higher.

What is the main point you want to express in this passage?

The original ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau occupies a special place in the world, but the ecological environment is very fragile, once damaged, it is irreversible, and some plants need to be restored for hundreds of years. Alpine, drought, primitive and extremely fragile is this region Significant characteristics of the ecological environment.

What do the following options match the original meaning?

The number of human genes is almost the same as that of mammals such as cats and dogs, and is very close to that of rats. What is even more exasperating is that the number of rice genes is twice that of humans.

What is the point of this passage?

Many nations in the world are facing the loss of their mother tongue's right to speak on the world stage, and have to rely on the West to make up their language, thus gradually weakening their own culture.

This passage can be used to prove which of the following points?

Objectively speaking, "network democracy" has certain advantages over traditional democracy, but it is also limited and disruptive. From the perspective of future development, "network democracy" must become an effective, orderly, and tangible form of democracy There is a rather long process, and it is still a difficult process. Therefore, how to guide the direction and process of "network democracy" development is particularly important.

The following statement is inconsistent?

At present, the new landmarks in many cities are either higher than height, or more luxurious, or blindly pursuing avant-garde and grotesque, forming a sharp contrast with the surrounding historical context. Because architecture, especially landmark buildings, involves centuries-old plans and millennium plans, once built , It is difficult to change, so in recent years there have been many recognized failures, which have become extremely dissonant notes in the city, criticized by the world, and left a laughingstock for future generations.

What does the author mean?

Chinese philosophy believes that the saint is not a person who does not ask the world affairs, but he is also the "inner sage and the outer king". The inner sage is said in terms of his accomplishment; the outer king is in terms of its function in society. There must be a chance to become the leader of practical politics. In terms of actual politics, he probably has no chance. The so-called "inner holy and outer king" just says that people with extremely high spiritual achievements can reasonably be king, And it is best to be king. As for the fact that he has the opportunity to be king, it is another matter, and it is irrelevant.

The following statement is inconsistent?

With the improvement of social adaptability and the ability to distinguish between external and internal selves, children are gradually able to more realistically judge social interaction situations and show complex social selves based on these judgments. At the same time, children's self-structure is becoming increasingly stable To enable children to adjust their behaviors based on their internal value standards and belief systems, as well as the needs of external contexts.

The following statement is inconsistent?

Biodiversity is a collective term for all biological species and their genetic variation and the complexity of ecosystems at a certain time. It is formed by the interaction of life on Earth with its environment and evolution over billions of years. One of the important constituents of the surface natural geographic environment. The life support system that human beings rely on to survive and develop by combining biodiversity and its physical environment is the material foundation of social and economic development, and it is important to maintain the ecological balance and beautification of nature And the stable living environment has a very important role.

The following statement is inconsistent?

For a long time, various regions around China have different perceptions of China, and this may be just a mirror that makes China's self-awareness more accurate. Compared with those civilizations that have been in close contact with China and seem to be close, The West, which has been used as a comparative mirror, seems to be just a dim and vague bronze mirror. Although the outline of the overall Chinese culture can be seen, the details of specific cultural China cannot be clearly understood. Therefore, if we turn to this periphery, set a phrase in the economics circle Commonly used terminology, maybe it will become a new growth point for academics. Because of the development of this research field, I think that the changes in academic history that are induced may be a re-emphasis on language tools and a re-emphasis on new data outside the domain.

What's the point of this text?

School is the main channel for disseminating knowledge, but it is not the only channel. Learning book knowledge is important, but learning is also important in practice. No scientist's knowledge is completely learned from school, and no scientist's knowledge is completely Learned from books.

What is the main point of the above materials?

Fight punishment with all criminal acts, safeguard national security, protect the people's democratic dictatorship and socialist system, protect state-owned property and property owned collectively by the working masses, protect private property owned by citizens, protect the personal rights of citizens, democratic rights and other rights, maintaining social order, economic order, and ensuring the smooth progress of the cause of socialist construction are the tasks of our criminal law.

What is the correct interpretation of this passage?

There are differences between Chinese and Western cognitive methods, thinking logic, and even the overall cultural concept. For example, the persistence of Western methods may lead to a progressive understanding, emphasizing the relationship between the subject and the object, and the accuracy of object descriptions; The Chinese-style splashing leads to harmony and understanding. When describing objects, there is often a certain kind of ambiguity in clarity. However, the two are not good or bad, they are right or wrong, only the dialogue that arises because of "difference". Enlightenment, complementarity and harmony. To achieve "neutralization" through "difference", such "harmony and difference" can complete a coexisting and colorful world.

What is wrong with this passage?

A person's true "spiritual hunger" should be cultivated from elementary and high school. At this stage, China must "save reading" at school, especially children's reading. "Reading is a weapon to eliminate ignorance, poverty and despair. " A nation s spiritual realm depends on the level of reading; a person s reading history is his mental development history; a school without reading can never have a real education, and learning without reading can only be called "training".

What is the correct understanding of the purpose of this passage?

The commoditization of folk art is happening across the country. This kind of folk art that looks like thriving is essentially extinct in the cultural sense. Is there only such a way out for folk art? There is another way in the world to treat one's own traditions and cultures--that is, to maintain the devotion and dedication to a life in folk art, and treat it as a traditional spirit, a carrier of national emotions and spirit. People know how difficult it is to do this today. Therefore, it is imperative to census and records the original folk art. This is not just to record a cultural form, and emotional beauty, but also to witness and Record a spirit of history.

What is the correct understanding of this passage?

The personal foreign currency deposits of the Bank of China Beijing Branch have exceeded the US $ 1 billion; a significant proportion of the US $ 2 billion foreign exchange loans issued by the Bank come from personal deposits of residents.

The main meaning of this passage is?

After the industrial revolution of the 18th century, the large-scale development and utilization of energy have become the mainstream of economic development in various countries. The scale of its development degree directly determines the economic growth of a country, especially the large-scale development and utilization of coal and the supply of large quantities of cheap oil has overwritten industrialized countries. History of economic development. The energy strategy of economics research is also mainly how to ensure the increasing demand for economic and social development with increasing energy supply, and any research and development that raises the level of energy consumption is considered uneconomical and uneconomic This energy strategy has played an active role in encouraging people to develop and use energy and ensuring the rapid growth of infrastructure and industry in industrialized countries, but there is no restriction on the development of energy, which has resulted in the destruction and waste of energy resources, which has not been cured until now. Environmental pollution and pollution.

According to this text, is the following statement correct?

The latest research shows that if the reflection capacity of urban roofs and road surfaces is increased, the temperature of the earth's atmosphere may be reduced at a very low cost. Although the reduction is small, it can be measured. Some researchers said in the Environmental Research Report Because roofs and roads account for more than 60% of the city's surface area, the use of light-colored materials can increase the average reflectance to a certain extent, reducing the average global temperature by as much as 0.07 degrees Celsius.

Based on this text, which of the following understanding is correct?

The many "beautiful" incidents discovered by the media and moving to the front of the stage show that: Although contemporary Chinese society has encountered severe turbulence and reconstruction in terms of moral values during the period of rapid transformation, virtues are still circulating in our real life "The most beautiful" event is the ordinary actions of ordinary people, and it is these ordinary people's ordinary actions, but it is a good interpretation of the essence of morality, that is, people's self-reflection and conscious requirements of their own lives. It is people's intrinsic value pursuit, rather than passively making their behavior comply with the norms, which provides useful inspiration for the moral construction of contemporary Chinese society.

The most accurate summary of the main point of this text is:.

The camera invented in the 1820s became an industrial product after 112 years; the radio invented in the 1860s took three years before it was put into use in the early 20th century; and the television invented in the 20th century only took 12 years to After being applied, the atomic bomb took only 6 years from design to application, the invention of the transistor to industrial production only took 3 years, and the invention of the laser to its application took less than 1 year.

The text is intended to illustrate technological inventions:.

The cultural industry integrates intensive talents, technology, knowledge and capital, and has distinctive interdisciplinary, cross-professional, cross-temporal, and cross-cultural characteristics. It will also be in the future of personal behavior, social life and national construction, and global development and development. Human affairs play a central role. The 1995 report of the World Commission on Culture and Development of UNESCO stated that culture is the ultimate goal and destination of the overall prosperity and development of human existence. It can be said that the transboundary nature of culture and its importance, There are fundamental requirements for the quality and scale of cultural talents.

The text is intended to explain:.

Artistic elitism is the consistent elegance and self-awareness of art. It emphasizes that art is a unique portrayal of the artist's inner experience and has a unique aesthetic significance. Consuming the needs and desires of the public is generally not in its scope of consideration, and popular culture is more Willing to emphasize how art presents meaning in consumption and acceptance. If the needs and desires of the masses change, then as producers, artists need to produce new mass cultural products as a universal paradigm of modern art.

The text is intended to explain:.

Bacon once said: "Knowledge is power. " Now in the information age, one can say that information is power, information, technology and infrastructure for disseminating information, and the ability to master and apply information technology, which constitutes a new source of rights. The global network infrastructure, continuously increasing network transmission rates, increasingly sophisticated mobile portable Internet terminals, and the rapid expansion of new media applications based on the digitalization of interpersonal networks have enabled information flows to achieve transnational movements at high speed and in real time. The emergence of video websites and social networking sites has made it easier to spread, pay attention to, and more easily respond to information flows that have simplification, symbolization, and fragmentation. Actors who can influence this information flow have their power It will be enhanced, otherwise it will be weakened.

The text is intended to emphasize the use of network information technology and new media:.

The national culture must have a foundation, and the inheritance of spiritual civilization must have a carrier, and the city is its masterpiece. Looking at the world, historical and cultural cities and modern international metropolises, it can be called a palace of culture and art, a museum of architecture, from the democratic city of Athens to The cultural city of Venice, from the fashion capital of Paris to the music city of Vienna, has a unique cultural spirit that has made the city brilliant after thousands of years.

The article is most likely to say next.

The nature of the market economy is the rule of law economy, and the market and the rule of law are two sides of the same coin, both of which are indispensable. Unlike in the era of the planned economy, the allocation of resources by the market economy is achieved through a competitive mechanism, which must follow a comprehensive set of rules to Realize the adjustment of the economy through the "invisible hand" of the market.

The text mainly says:.

A survey by the British New Economy Foundation of 178 countries in the world shows that in emerging countries such as China, people's happiness is higher than that of Japan, South Korea, and the United States. Of course, according to the society of the University of Erasmus in the Netherlands and the University of Michigan in the United States According to the Institute's survey, since a brief rise in 1995, Chinese happiness has also begun to decline. People around the world have begun to realize the fact that economic growth is not the same as development, because the latter also includes ecological A series of indicators such as leisure, social welfare and fairness and justice; happiness does not only refer to the happiness of the senses, because it is also related to the positive experience and overall evaluation of the meaning of life.

According to this text, the following statement is correct.

When discussing the problem of left-behind children, some scholars blame it on individual and family factors, emphasizing parent-child separation, but whether it is historically going westward, moving domestically through the population such as Kanto, or overseas populations formed in the South Ocean, There were a large number of left-behind children. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou businessmen went out to do business in large numbers, and there were also a large number of left-behind children in their hometowns. And the left-behind children produced by urbanization have already begun to take shape in northern Zhejiang and northern Jiangsu in modern times. Why did the issue of left-behind children become a public issue after the 1990s? This is not only because of its increasing size, but also because of the transformation of rural society, which has fundamentally changed the rural education environment. On the road to modernization, urbanization On the way, rural society is completely in a disadvantaged and passive position, and rural culture has declined.

The most accurate summary of the main point of this text is:.

Whether it is a nation or a country, its culture can never be static, but it is changing every moment. This change is sometimes very slow and almost invisible; but in our time, Everything is developing rapidly, and cultures around the world are undergoing rapid and huge changes. At this moment, the most important question we still face is: Can the personality and characteristics of a region or country be able to withstand globalization, The erosion of modernization? The answer can be two types: yes or no. Some cultures may be weakened or even assimilated, but if we are vigilant on this issue, we will reduce cultural changes and preserve them.

Based on this text, the author believes:.

With the development of technology and the enrichment of materials, today's entertainment forms are becoming more and more diverse, such as TV series, pop music, and the Internet. They are faster and more convenient in terms of giving people happiness and satisfying people's desires. Exciting and attractive, have much stronger advantages than poetry. People are born to seek happiness. Since there are better ways to entertain, people can quickly eliminate their troubles and get pleasure and spiritual enjoyment, so why read poetry? There are only some mundane people, who may quietly open the collection of poems in their free time or when the night is quiet, to listen to the poet's dreamy self-talk and share the poet's loneliness.

The text is intended to explain:.

When a cyclical economic crisis occurs, it is often also the time when the factors of production are regrouped. Individuals should use this period to improve their employability, participate in training programs that are suitable for them, and supplement themselves with lessons--employment skills, entrepreneurship and general qualities. Usually, after a crisis, there will be a period of economic prosperity. This new economic prosperity is formed on the basis of the upgrading of the industrial structure, so the requirements for the quality of labor will be greatly increased. Who accumulated during the trough of the labor market Employability, who can seize the opportunity in the subsequent boom.

The main summary of the text is the most accurate:.

In the history of literature, science fiction literature is something that has only recently emerged. It accompanied the appearance of modern science and developed with the modernization of the world. Before that, although fantasy literature also widely existed, Dante's Divine Comedy and Mary Snow However, this insurmountable gap exists between Lai's Frankenstein. The essential requirement of science fiction literature is the core of science, and the core of the scientific spirit must be knowability, an anti-obscurantism, and fantasy work that lives in science. For science fiction literature.

According to the above, the fundamental difference between science fiction literature and fantasy literature is that science fiction literature:.

People generally believe that integrity is a matter of personal morality and has nothing to do with others, but personal morality is not just a personal issue. It also produces social effects through externalities-the debts that individuals receive may eventually be "retributed" to the whole From the perspective of society, from the perspective of institutional economics, a good economic system and governance mechanism should be able to suppress negative externalities, otherwise the economic order may go to collapse. Institutions and mechanisms should be used to make the initiators bear their due responsibilities instead of Let others or the entire market pay for it.

The most accurate summary of the main point of this text is:.

As the most creative subject and the most dynamic medium, writers and artists, once engaged in cultural communication behavior, must assume double obligations or double roles: spread their own culture to cultures other than themselves. Introduce cultures other than ourselves back to ourselves. In this way, when we examine the relationship between foreign writers and Chinese culture, it is impossible, and we should not envision Chinese culture and Chinese thought as a fixed radiation center for one-dimensional observation. In order to conduct inventory with trade, we must conduct a two-way, interactive investigation, and specifically study the new imagination and creation generated in the process of accepting each other's culture.

The text is intended to explain:.

Newspapers are limited by the time of publication, radio and television are limited by the time of broadcast, and Internet media have no time limit of release, coupled with the ease of production and distribution, making the timeliness of new media far better than traditional media. Yes, the news is a report of recent facts; now, the news is a report of facts that are happening. It is often seen that the spread of news is synchronized with the course of events.

This text mainly states:.

In the future, San Francisco will operate entirely on a system called the "hydrogen network". According to the designers' ideas, a new aquatic resource development zone will be established in coastal areas flooded by rising sea levels. In the development zone, there are seaweed fields and high-rise buildings. San Francisco is famous for its fog. This design makes good use of this natural resource: the novel and unique fog collection device "Mist Flower" Freshwater is taken from seaweed and converted into hydrogen for fuel.

Regarding the future of San Francisco, the following statements are consistent with the original:.

The utilitarian nature of collection does not weaken the charm of the collection as an elegant cultural and artistic activity but can promote the development of the collection business. From ancient times to the present, pure non-utilitarian collection can be said to be unique. The objective demand for value preservation and value increase motivates people to The level of appraisal and appreciation of various utensils continues to increase. If you leave a certain historical condition to talk about the so-called pure collection appreciation, it will only cause confusion of the concept for the collection industry.

The text is intended to emphasize:.

Although intellectual property is essentially a knowledge monopoly of varying degrees, the meaning of "monopoly" in the context of intellectual monopoly caused by intellectual property is very different from the meaning of "monopoly" in traditional antitrust laws. "Knowledge monopoly" mainly refers to the exclusive right granted by the intellectual property law; if such exclusive right leads to a market monopoly of the corresponding product or service, then "knowledge monopoly" also includes the consequences of such a market monopoly, regardless of the rights of the right holder There are two possibilities for this kind of exclusive right to be "abuse" or not. One is that the right holder uses the exclusive right to gradually control the corresponding product market, resulting in anti-competitive consequences. The second is that it does not control the market and does not cause anti-competitive consequences. The former is exactly the situation in which antitrust laws may require sanctions.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the original:.

Because environmental public interest litigation is targeted at many individuals, the polluters and the same gamers have higher transaction costs. In the absence of previous environmental public interest litigation channels, it is actually difficult for the polluted party to obtain compensation under the condition of high transaction costs. That is to say, it is impossible to form a cooperative game between the two parties. In the new legal environment, the possible change is that the polluters take a more cooperative stance in consideration of the possibility of suffering public interest litigation. The two parties are more likely to reach a cooperative game, that is, the polluting party allocates part of the pollution income to the polluted party. From the perspective of the welfare results, under the condition of fixed transaction costs, the total benefits of cooperation are greater than those of non-cooperation.

The text is intended to explain:.