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54512520

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleio

Teleio

Teleio or teleios may refer to: Teleios (sculpture), a bronze carving Zeus Teleios, a baetylic idol Teleios Theological Training Institute, a university in Nassau Teleio, slang for teleiophile

55206022

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strangeways%2C%20Manchester

Strangeways, Manchester

Strangeways is an area of inner north Manchester, England, around Strangeways Prison just north of the city centre. History Until the 19th century, Strangeways was rural, with Strangeways Hall, Park and Gardens. Strangeways was recorded in 1322 as Strangwas, from the Anglo-Saxon Strang and gewæsc meaning "[a place by] a stream with a strong current". Strangeways Brewery Strangeways Brewery was famous as the home of Boddingtons Bitter. It closed in 2005 and was demolished in 2007. Timeline 1459: First known mention of the de Strangeways family in the area. 1544: A settlement document describes widespread property attached to Strangeways Hall, including 24 houses, 20 town properties, 20 cottages, and various land up to several miles away. 1641: Strangeways Hall appears on a map. It was in Elizabethan or Jacobean style. 1624: John Hartley (1609-1655) bought Strangeways Hall. His father Nicholas Hartley and elder brother Richard were wool merchants in Manchester. Early 18th century: A grey stucco, palladian-style addition to Strangeways Hall was built. 1713: The Reynolds family took over the hall. 1768: Francis Reynolds granted a lease to Robert Norton to build a house and silk dyeing works by the Hall's fish pond. 1777: Strangeways Hall first known to be let to a tenant (Hugh Oldham). 1788: Strangeways Hall was run as a girls' boarding school. 1816: Start of the area being built over with houses. 1838: Land in Strangeways area was sold to the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company; Manchester Victoria station is there now. 1858: Strangeways Hall demolished and its materials sold 1859: A newspaper report that the Hall was "several times rebuilt". 1864: Completion of building of the Assize Courts on the site of Strangeways Hall. (It was destroyed in the 1939-1945 Blitz and its site is now a car park on Great Ducie Street). 1868: Strangeways Prison opened. It was built on the site of Strangeways Hall's fish ponds. late 19th century: Jewish immigration to the area, fleeing from violence in Russia. References External links Link to part of Pigot's map of Strangeways area in 1813; the blue arrow marks Strangeways Hall. Development of Strangeways Image of Strangeways Hall c.1840 Areas of Manchester

1582891

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potyviridae

Potyviridae

Potyviridae is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that encompasses more than 30% of known plant viruses, many of which are of great agricultural significance. The family has 12 genera and 235 species, three of which are unassigned to a genus. Structure Potyvirid virions are nonenveloped, flexuous filamentous, rod-shaped particles. The diameter is around 12–15 nm, with a length of 200–300 nm. Genomes are linear and usually nonsegmented, around 8–12kb in length, consisting of positive-sense RNA, which is surrounded by a protein coat made up of a single viral encoded protein called a capsid. All induce the formation of virus inclusion bodies called cylindrical inclusions (‘pinwheels’) in their hosts. These consist of a single protein (about 70 kDa) made in their hosts from a single viral genome product. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration. Replication follows the positive-stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by −1 ribosomal frameshifting. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (often an insect or mite). Transmission routes are vector and mechanical. Transmission Potyvirus is the largest genus in the family, with 183 known species. These viruses are 720–850 nm in length and are transmitted by aphids. They can also be easily transmitted by mechanical means. These viruses shared a common ancestry 6,600 years ago and are transmitted by over 200 species of aphids. The species in the genus Macluravirus are 650–675 nm in length and are also transmitted by aphids. The plant viruses in the genus Ipomovirus are transmitted by whiteflies and they are 750–950 nm long. Tritimovirus and the Rymovirus viruses are 680–750 nm long and are transmitted by eriophydid mites. (The rymoviruses are closely related to the potyviruses and may eventually be merged with the potyviruses.) The Bymovirus genome consists of two particles instead of one (275 and 550 nm) and these viruses are transmitted by the chytrid fungus, Polymyxa graminis. Taxonomy The following genera are recognized: Arepavirus Bevemovirus Brambyvirus Bymovirus Celavirus Ipomovirus Macluravirus Poacevirus Potyvirus Roymovirus Rymovirus Tritimovirus The following species are unassigned to a genus: Common reed chlorotic stripe virus Longan witches broom-associated virus Spartina mottle virus References External links ICTV Online (10th) Report: Potyviridae Viralzone: Potyviridae Viral plant pathogens and diseases Virus families Riboviria

20112589

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism%20of%20Fire

Baptism of Fire

Baptism of Fire is a 1943 American documentary film starring Elisha Cook Jr. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. Cast Elisha Cook Jr. as Bill References External links 1943 films 1943 short films 1943 documentary films American films American short films American documentary films American World War II propaganda films American black-and-white films Black-and-white documentary films English-language films Warner Bros. short films

60534544

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice%20Maude

Beatrice Maude

Beatrice Maude (July 22, 1892 – October 14, 1984) was an American actress and theatrical director. Early life Beatrice Maude was born in California. Her mother and grandmother were both actresses; her mother Maud Madison was also a dancer. Career Broadway appearances by Beatrice Maude included roles in The Happy Ending (1916), Seventeen (1918), Jonathan Makes a Wish (1918), A Night in Avignon (1919), George Washington (1920), in which she played Betsy Ross, The Married Woman (1921-1922), The World We Live In (1922-1923), in which she played a butterfly, Try It With Alice (1924), The Buccaneer (1925), Tragic 18 (1926), The Light of Asia (1928), Mourning Becomes Electra (1932), The Show Off (1932), and Dodsworth (1934-1935). She also played both Ophelia and Juliet in Walter Hampden's repertory company in 1920. In 1928, Maude ran a summer stock company in Stamford, Connecticut, and hired actor Robert Montgomery. In 1932 and 1933, she was executive director of the Robin Hood Theatre in Arden, Delaware. She was co-manager of the Cape May Playhouse in 1935. Maude acted in films, including The Final Judgment (1915, silent), Dodsworth (1936), Arkansas Judge (1941), Mr. and Mrs. Smith (1941), Born to Kill (1947), Lawless Code (1949), Slaves of Babylon (1953), Women's Prison (1955), and Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956). On television, she played small roles on Your Favorite Story (1954), I Married Joan (1955), and I Led 3 Lives (1955). Personal life Maude died in Los Angeles in 1984, aged 92 years. Her mother's papers including letters to Beatrice, are archived in the New York Public Library's Jerome Robbins Dance Division. References External links 20th-century American actresses American theatre directors Women theatre directors 1892 births 1984 deaths American film actresses American stage actresses American television actresses Actresses from California

934316

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brading

Brading

The ancient 'Kynges Towne' of Brading is the main town of the civil parish of the same name. The ecclesiastical parish of Brading used to cover about a tenth of the Isle of Wight. The civil parish now includes the town itself and Adgestone, Morton, Nunwell and other outlying areas between Ryde, St Helens, Bembridge, Sandown and Arreton. Alverstone was transferred to the Newchurch parish some thirty years ago. History Early history From early times, Brading ranked as an important Island port. The ancient name of Brerdynge, from which 'Brading' is derived, probably meant the people living by the ridge of the Downs, and dates from at least 683. The Roman Villa south of the town, and Roman relics discovered locally, indicate that this was an important seaport 2,000 years ago. Signs of prehistoric activity have also been found on Brading Down. History records that St Wilfrid came to the island during the 680s, landed at Brading, preached there to the islanders, and began the conversion of the Island. Bede states that King Caedwalla of Wessex killed the pagan population "with merciless slaughter" and replaced them with his own Christian followers, dedicating a quarter of the Isle of Wight to Wilfrid and the Church. Wilfrid would thus have been literally preaching to the converted because everyone else was dead. This legend was illustrated by a tableau at the Waxworks. Royal charter and governance Brading was first granted a charter in 1280, unusually for the time directly from King Edward I, rather than the Lord of the Isle (who was its private owner). This led to it being known as the 'King's Town'. The charter granted to Brading by Edward VI in 1548 refers to the previous charter granted by Edward I. This charter allowed the town to hold two annual fairs. Nowadays the fair is called Brading Day and is held over the first weekend in July. Because of its status as a town, Brading has a mayor and an elected town council. In medieval times the town was governed by the Steward, Bailiffs and 13 Jurats, and returned two MPs to the Westminster Parliament. Now the town is a part of the Isle of Wight parliamentary constituency. The old port Until the 16th century the port was active. Ships lay alongside at the quay behind the Bugle Inn in the High Street. Ships came into Brading Haven for shelter and for provisions, particularly water, which was of a high quality. The north-eastern part of the haven was closed off by an embankment completed in 1594, much of which is still present. Ships would then tie up at the far end of Quay Lane on the other side of the embankment. Throughout the Middle Ages various attempts were made to drain off the rest of the harbour; for it had gradually become silted up and, except for the main channel of the river, was too shallow to be of any commercial use. Sir Hugh Myddleton, who had constructed the New River from Hertfordshire to central London for James I, undertook this work; but the sea broke in and flooded the land once again. After others had also tried and failed, this reclamation was finally accomplished in 1881 by the building of a substantial embankment right across the harbour, with the building of the railway to Bembridge. So Brading now shares with Winchelsea and Romney the distinction of being a seaport without any sea. Losing access to the sea caused Brading to decline in importance and prevented the sort of growth enjoyed by Cowes and Newport. The Town Hall A historic Old Town Hall stands near to the church. The New Town Hall dates from 1903. There is no record of the earliest Town Hall, but an entry in The Court Leet Book 1729 refers to the assessment of one shilling rate, and also a subscription towards building a new Town Hall, Market House and Prison. In 1730 an extra 3d was added to the rate for the Town Hall. This new building remained until 1876 when it was restored to its present state, and then contained the Free Town Library. Before the building of the first school in 1823, the children were taught in the Town Hall, and it was also used for Mother's Meetings. The Town Trust now owns the building. Brading was formerly the testing place for weights & measures for all of East Wight and these standards are still kept in the upper building together with the Town Charter. The Bull Ring Set in the ground outside the new Town Hall (1903), there is an iron bullring which was once used to secure a bull whilst it was being baited by dogs. According to the diaries of Sir John Oglander, the Governor of the Isle of Wight would donate 5 guineas for the purchase of the bull to be baited; the meat was afterwards donated to the poor of the town. The Mayor attended this ceremony in full regalia and a dog, known as the Mayor's Dog, would be decked with coloured ribbons and set on the bull after the proclamation had been made. A large wooden carving of a bull decorates the Bullring. This is by local artist Paul Sivell. Another of his works is an approximately 10-foot wooden statue of the goddess Diana positioned in the woods above Brading at Kelly's Copse entitled "For Camilla". This commemorates a recent murder of a Danish exchange student by a sex attacker from Gosport. Many local people have added plastic flowers and stuffed toys as tribute. The Town Gun The town possesses a gun. It is a brass piece, made in 1549 by the Owine Brothers, John and Robert, so that the town might be defended from French invasion. The gun was never used in action, but was taken to the top of Brading Down in 1832 so that it could be fired to celebrate the passing of the Reform Bill. Unfortunately it exploded and split, putting a stop to celebrations for the day. In the 1950s, it was stolen from the "Gunne House" behind St. Mary's Church and was found in a sale room in Kent. It was returned, however, not to the town, but to the Oglanders at Nunwell House, where it remains beneath Fanny Oglander's bedroom window. The Town Trust has asked for it back, but Fanny Oglander has said that security arrangements should be improved and the matter remains unresolved. Governance Brading is part of the electoral ward called Brading, St. Helens and Bembridge. At the 2011 census the population of this ward was 6,935. Wildlife and landscape The southern-western part of the parish is included within the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. There are two Sites of Important Nature Conservation close to Morton and another on the downs. Brading Down is a viewpoint and downland beauty spot, with views over Culver Down and Sandown Bay. From the north side of the hill it is possible to look over the town towards the mainland. From further up visitors can see the Solent and the Spinnaker Tower at Portsmouth. This elevated site is also of archaeological importance, with prehistoric, Roman and medieval remains, as well as practice trenches from the First World War. The RSPB Brading Marshes nature reserve is the first Royal Society for the Protection of Birds reserve on the Isle of Wight. Situated on the reclaimed land of the old harbour, behind the present-day Bembridge Harbour, it was bought in 2001 and is a mix of lagoons and ditches, reed beds and meadows, with a fringe of ancient woodland. The reserve is free and open to visitors all year round. Notable species include marsh harriers, red squirrels and cetti's warbler. Transport Brading is served by Brading railway station on the Island Line Railway with direct connection to the Wightlink ferry at Ryde Pier Head and stops at Ryde, Smallbrook, Sandown, Lake and Shanklin. The southern fringes of Brading are also on the Island's circular cycle route used for the annual "Bicycle Island Randonée". The main A3055 road from Ryde to Sandown passes through the town. The town is well-connected to the surrounding countryside by footpaths and bridleways. The Bembridge Trail passes through the town along Doctors Lane, Cross Street, High Street and Quay Lane (Wall Lane) then along the top of the embankment to St Urian's Copse. There are 71 other footpaths, by-ways and bridle paths in the civil parish area and organised parties of walkers may often be seen meeting at the station or the Bullring. Southern Vectis run buses on route 3 from the town, serving Newport, Ryde, Sandown, Shanklin and Ventnor, and some other places. Night buses are run at weekends. Features of the town The main street of Brading contains most of the facilities expected of a large village, or in Brading's case, small town. There are four pubs; The Bugle Inn where the sea almost met the High Street when Brading Haven was a major port, the Wheatsheaf Inn which faces the Bull Ring, The Kynges Well (formerly the Dark Horse) which is on the High Street and one at nearby Yarbridge named the Yarbridge Inn (known for many years as the Anglers Inn) which is famous for its selection of real ales. St. Mary's Church, Brading is at the north end of the town and the Methodist chapel is near the centre. There is a small supermarket, a post office, a newsagent, several other specialist shops,a hairdresser's and a fish and chip shop. In addition to these facilities, there is Brading Primary School. Brading has many attractions to tempt the visitor, quite apart from the natural beauty of the area. These include the Lilliput Doll and Toy Museum; The Roman Villa at Morton with its protective cover (new in 2004) and interpretation centre. Another notable town attraction was the Brading Waxworks, a museum and waxworks exhibition housed in a Tudor pub (named the "Crown") built by Germaine Richardes who victualled the English fleet. The waxworks first opened in 1965, under the ownership of Graham Osborn-smith. It was renamed 'Brading: The Experience' by new owners in 2005, and further alterations in the same year saw the construction of a new section entitled 'World of Wheels', which displayed an array of vintage and unusual vehicles. However, the attraction announced its closure in late 2009 as a result of falling visitor numbers and the increasing costs of running and maintaining the site. It was closed for good on 3 January 2010, and most of the vast collection of taxidermy pieces, historical artefacts and vehicles was auctioned off in April 2010. Two of the waxworks tableaux: Valentine Grey, the little sweep and "The Skivvy" are on display in the building which is now a visitor centre with shops and food outlets. The railway station building, as well as remaining an operational railway station has been restored as a café, railway memorabilia shop and small rail museum. The non-operational signal box has been restored to the state it may have been in during the steam era. It is staffed by volunteers. Sport and leisure Brading has a Non-League football club Brading Town F.C., which plays at The Peter Henry Ground. Famous connections One of the town's claims to fame is that the boards used in churches all over the world to display hymn numbers were invented here by the Rev Legh Richmond, who was curate-in-charge of Brading and Yaverland 1757 to 1805, and a famous writer of inspirational evangelist pamphlets at that time. 'Little' Jane Squibb A devout young Christian girl who attended the Reverend's weekly Sunday school at St Mary's Church, Brading. Her story is told in Rev Legh Richmond's Annals Of The Poor, under 'The Young Cottager'. She succumbed to the disease, Tuberculosis known in those days as Consumption, on January 30, 1799. Her death affected Rev Legh greatly. Her grave can be found in St Mary's Churchyard, Brading & her cottage in The Mall, Brading. Brading, fictionalised as "Barling", is the central location of Maxwell Gray's 1899 novel The House of Hidden Treasure. The Victorian diarist Francis Kilvert visited Brading on the day of John Oglander's funeral and recorded details of his visit to Brading in his diary. Notable people Frederick Trumble (1893–1918), cricketer See also Hill Farmhouse List of current places of worship on the Isle of Wight References External links Brading Day Community Event Brading Town Council Old pictures of Brading Towns on the Isle of Wight Civil parishes in the Isle of Wight

53010612

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Medetsiz

Mount Medetsiz

Medetsiz Mountain () is a summit in Toros Mountains range of Turkey. Toros Mountains run parallel to the Mediterranean Sea in south Turkey. The highest portion in mid Toros range is also called Bolkar and the summit is Medetsiz at . It is a part of Çamlıyayla (ilçe) (district) of Mersin Province. Its birds flight distance to sea is about . The altitude of the summit is . The north of the submit is a high cliff and the ramp to the south is relatively more gentle. It is one of the popular tracks of the mountaineers. References Landforms of Mersin Province Çamlıyayla District Mountains of Turkey Taurus Mountains Three-thousanders of Turkey

41676798

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livanov

Livanov

Livanov (, female version Livanova) is a Russian surname. Notable persons with that name include: Aristarkh Livanov (born 1947), Russian actor Boris Livanov (1904–1972), Russian film actor, and screenwriter Dmitry Livanov (born 1967), Russian professor and politician Vasily Livanov (born 1935), Russian film actor and screenwriter Russian-language surnames

59584035

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persicula%20muralis

Persicula muralis

Persicula muralis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Cystiscidae. References muralis Gastropods described in 1844 Cystiscidae

2230537

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Bligh

Electoral district of Bligh

Bligh was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was created in 1962, partly replacing Electoral district of Paddington-Waverley and was an urban electorate, covering 13.03 km² and taking in the suburbs of Potts Point, Darling Point, Woolloomooloo, Elizabeth Bay, Rushcutters Bay, Edgecliff, Darlinghurst, Paddington, Surry Hills, Redfern, Darlington and part of Chippendale. It was a highly diverse electorate, as it contained both some of the wealthiest suburbs of Sydney, along the edge of the harbour, as well as some of the city's most disadvantaged areas, such as those around Redfern. This had the effect of making Bligh a marginal seat, although as the wealthier suburbs outnumbered the poorer suburbs, it tended to be -leaning. Independent Clover Moore defeated the incumbent Liberal member Michael Yabsley in 1988 (Yabsley subsequently reentered Parliament in the Vaucluse by-election later that year) and held the seat until its abolition in 2007, when it was replaced by the electoral district of Sydney. Members for Bligh Election results References Former electoral districts of New South Wales Constituencies established in 1962 Constituencies disestablished in 2007 1962 establishments in Australia 2007 disestablishments in Australia

24093

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian%20National%20Authority

Palestinian National Authority

The Palestinian National Authority (PA or PNA; ), commonly known as the Palestinian Authority and officially the State of Palestine, is the Fatah-controlled government body that exercises partial civil control over West Bank areas "A" and "B" as a consequence of the 1993–1995 Oslo Accords. The Palestinian Authority controlled the Gaza Strip prior to the Palestinian elections of 2006 and the subsequent Gaza conflict between the Fatah and Hamas parties, when it lost control to Hamas; the PA continues to claim the Gaza Strip, although Hamas exercises de facto control. Since January 2013, the Palestinian Authority has used the name "State of Palestine" on official documents, although the United Nations continues to recognize the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) as the "representative of the Palestinian people". The Palestinian Authority was formed in 1994, pursuant to the Gaza–Jericho Agreement between the PLO and the government of Israel, and was intended to be a five-year interim body. Further negotiations were then meant to take place between the two parties regarding its final status. According to the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian Authority was designated to have exclusive control over both security-related and civilian issues in Palestinian urban areas (referred to as "Area A") and only civilian control over Palestinian rural areas ("Area B"). The remainder of the territories, including Israeli settlements, the Jordan Valley region and bypass roads between Palestinian communities, were to remain under Israeli control ("Area C"). East Jerusalem was excluded from the Accords. Negotiations with several Israeli governments had resulted in the Authority gaining further control of some areas, but control was then lost in some areas when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) retook several strategic positions during the Second ("Al-Aqsa") Intifada. In 2005, after the Second Intifada, Israel withdrew unilaterally from its settlements in the Gaza Strip, thereby expanding Palestinian Authority control to the entire strip while Israel continued to control the crossing points, airspace, and the waters of the Gaza Strip's coast. In the Palestinian legislative elections on 25 January 2006, Hamas emerged victorious and nominated Ismail Haniyeh as the Authority's Prime Minister. However, the national unity Palestinian government effectively collapsed, when a violent conflict between Hamas and Fatah erupted, mainly in the Gaza Strip. After the Gaza Strip was taken over by Hamas on 14 June 2007, the Authority's Chairman Mahmoud Abbas dismissed the Hamas-led unity government and appointed Salam Fayyad as Prime Minister, dismissing Haniyeh. The move wasn't recognized by Hamas, thus resulting in two separate administrations – the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and a rival Hamas government in the Gaza Strip. The reconciliation process to unite the Palestinian governments achieved some progress over the years, but had failed to produce a re-unification. The Palestinian Authority received financial assistance from the European Union and the United States (approximately US$1 billion combined in 2005). All direct aid was suspended on 7 April 2006, as a result of the Hamas victory in parliamentary elections. Shortly thereafter, aid payments resumed, but were channeled directly to the offices of Mahmoud Abbas in the West Bank. Since 9 January 2009, when Mahmoud Abbas' term as president was supposed to have ended and elections were to have been called, Hamas supporters and many in the Gaza Strip have withdrawn recognition for his presidency and instead consider Aziz Dweik, the speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council, to be the acting president until new elections can be held. The State of Palestine has become recognized by 138 nations and since November 2012, the United Nations voted to recognize the State of Palestine as a non-member UN observer state. The Palestinian Authority is an authoritarian regime that has not held elections in over 15 years; it has been criticized for human rights abuses, including cracking down on journalists, human rights activists, and dissent against its rule. History Establishment The Palestinian Authority was created by the Gaza–Jericho Agreement, pursuant to the 1993 Oslo Accords. The Gaza–Jericho Agreement was signed on 4 May 1994 and included Israeli withdrawal from the Jericho area and partially from the Gaza Strip, and detailed the creation of the Palestinian Authority and the Palestinian Civil Police Force. The PA was envisioned as an interim organization to administer a limited form of Palestinian self-governance in the Areas A and B in the West Bank and Gaza Strip for a period of five years, during which final-status negotiations would take place. The Palestinian Central Council, itself acting on behalf of the Palestine National Council of the PLO, implemented this agreement in a meeting convened in Tunis from 10 to 11 October 1993, making the Palestinian Authority accountable to the PLO Executive Committee. The administrative responsibilities accorded to the PA were limited to civil matters and internal security and did not include external security or foreign affairs. Palestinians in the diaspora and inside Israel were not eligible to vote in elections for the offices of the Palestinian Authority. The PA was legally separate from the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which continues to enjoy international recognition as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, representing them at the United Nations under the name "Palestine". General elections were held for its first legislative body, the Palestinian Legislative Council, on 20 January 1996. The expiration of the body's term was 4 May 1999, but elections were not held because of the "prevailing coercive situation". Second Intifada On 7 July 2004, the Quartet of Middle East mediators informed Ahmed Qurei, Prime Minister of the PA from 2003 to 2006, that they were "sick and tired" of the Palestinians failure to carry out promised reforms: "If security reforms are not done, there will be no (more) international support and no funding from the international community" On 18 July 2004, United States President George W. Bush stated that the establishment of a Palestinian state by the end of 2005 was unlikely due to instability and violence in the Palestinian Authority. Following Arafat's death on 11 November 2004, Rawhi Fattouh, leader of the Palestinian Legislative Council became Acting President of the Palestinian Authority as provided for in Article 54(2) of the Authority's Basic Law and Palestinian Elections Law. On 19 April 2005, Vladimir Putin the president of Russia agreed to aid the Palestinian Authority stating, "We support the efforts of President Abbas to reform the security services and fight against terrorism [...] If we are waiting for President Abbas to fight terrorism, he cannot do it with the resources he has now. [...] We will give the Palestinian Authority technical help by sending equipment, training people. We will give the Palestinian Authority helicopters and also communication equipment." The Palestinian Authority became responsible for civil administration in some rural areas, as well as security in the major cities of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Although the five-year interim period expired in 1999, the final status agreement has yet to be concluded despite attempts such as the 2000 Camp David Summit, the Taba Summit, and the unofficial Geneva Accords. In August 2005, Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon began his disengagement from the Gaza Strip, ceding full effective internal control of the Strip to the Palestinian Authority but retained control of its borders including air and sea (except for the Egyptian border). This increased the percentage of land in the Gaza Strip nominally governed by the PA from 60 percent to 100 percent. Hamas–Fatah conflict Palestinian legislative elections took place on 25 January 2006. Hamas was victorious and Ismail Haniyeh was nominated as Prime Minister on 16 February 2006 and sworn in on 29 March 2006. However, when a Hamas-led Palestinian government was formed, the Quartet (United States, Russia, United Nations, and European Union) conditioned future foreign assistance to the Palestinian Authority (PA) on the future government's commitment to non-violence, recognition of the State of Israel, and acceptance of previous agreements. Hamas rejected these demands, which resulted in the Quartet suspension of its foreign assistance program and Israel imposed economic sanctions. In December 2006, Ismail Haniyeh, Prime Minister of the PA, declared that the PA will never recognize Israel: "We will never recognize the usurper Zionist government and will continue our jihad-like movement until the liberation of Jerusalem." In an attempt to resolve the financial and diplomatic impasse, the Hamas-led government together with Fatah Chairman Mahmoud Abbas agreed to form a unity government. As a result, Haniyeh resigned on 15 February 2007 as part of the agreement. The unity government was finally formed on 18 March 2007 under Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh and consisted of members from Hamas, Fatah and other parties and independents. The situation in the Gaza strip however quickly deteriorated into an open feud between the Hamas and Fatah, which eventually resulted in the Brothers' War. After the takeover in Gaza by Hamas on 14 June 2007, Palestinian Authority Chairman Abbas dismissed the government and on 15 June 2007 appointed Salam Fayyad Prime Minister to form a new government. Though the new government's authority is claimed to extend to all Palestinian territories, in effect it became limited to the Palestinian Authority-controlled areas of the West Bank, as Hamas hasn't recognized the move. The Fayyad government has won widespread international support. Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia said in late June 2007 that the West Bank-based Cabinet formed by Fayyad was the sole legitimate Palestinian government, and Egypt moved its embassy from Gaza to the West Bank. Hamas, which government has an effective control of the Gaza Strip since 2007, faces international diplomatic and economic isolation. In 2013, political analyst Hillel Frisch from Bar-Ilan University's BESA Center, noted that "The PA is playing a double game...with regards to battling Hamas, there’s coordination if not cooperation with Israel. But on the political front, the PA is trying to generate a popular intifada." Two PNA administrations Since the Hamas-Fatah split in 2007, the Fatah-dominated Palestinian Authority based in areas of the West Bank had stabilized, though no significant economic growth had been achieved. Until 2012, there had also been no progress in promotion of PNA status in the UN, as well in negotiations with Israel. Ramallah-based Palestinian Authority stayed out of the Gaza War in 2008–2009, which followed the six-month truce, between Hamas and Israel which ended on 19 December 2008. Hamas claimed that Israel broke the truce on 4 November 2008, though Israel blamed Hamas for an increasing rocket fire directed at southern Israeli towns and cities. The 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict began on 27 December 2008 (11:30 a.m. local time; 09:30 UTC). Though condemning Israel over attacks on Gaza, the Palestinian Authority erected no actions during the conflict of Israel with Hamas. The reconciliation process between Fatah and Hamas reached intermediate results by the two governments, most notably the agreement in Cairo on 27 April 2011, but with no final solution. Though the two agreed to form a unity government, and to hold elections in both territories within 12 months of the establishment of such a government, it had not been implemented. The 2011 deal also promised the entry of Hamas into the Palestine Liberation Organization and holding of elections to its Palestine National Council decision-making body, which was not implemented as well. The deal was further ratified in the 2012 Hamas–Fatah Doha agreement, which was made with the background of Hamas relocation from Damascus, due to the simmering Syrian civil war. Since late August 2012, Palestinian National Authority has been swept with social protests aiming against the cost of living. The protesters targeted the Palestinian Prime Minister Salam Fayyad, calling for his resignation. Some anti-government protests turned violent. On 11 September, Palestinian Prime Minister issued a decree on lowering the fuel prices and cutting salaries of top officials. In July 2012, it was reported that Hamas Government in Gaza was considering to declare the independence of the Gaza Strip with the help of Egypt. On 23 April 2014 Ismail Haniyeh, the prime minister of Hamas, and a senior Palestine Liberation Organisation delegation dispatched by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas signed the Fatah–Hamas Gaza Agreement at Gaza City in an attempt to create reconciliation in the Fatah–Hamas conflict. It stated that a unity government should be formed within five weeks, ahead of a presidential and parliamentary election within six months. The Palestinian unity government of 2014 formed on 2 June 2014 as a national and political union under Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas. The European Union, the United Nations, the United States, China, India, Russia and Turkey all agreed to work with it. The Israeli government condemned the unity government because it views Hamas as a terrorist organization. The Palestinian unity government first convened in Gaza on 9 October 2014 to discuss the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip following the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict. On 30 November 2014, Hamas declared that the unity government had ended with the expiration of the six-month term. But Fatah subsequently denied the claim, and said that the government is still in force. On 7–8 February 2016, Fatah and Hamas held talks in Doha, Qatar in an attempt to implement the 2014 agreements. Hamas official told Al-Monitor on 8 March, that the talks did not succeed and that discussions continued between the two movements. He also said that the foreign pressures on the Palestinian Authority to not implement the reconciliation terms is the main obstacle in the talks. In a 25 Feb statement to local newspaper Felesteen, Hamas foreign relations chief Osama Hamdan accused the United States and Israel of blocking Palestinian reconciliation. The United States is putting pressure on the PA to not reconcile with Hamas until the latter recognizes the Quartet on the Middle East's conditions, including the recognition of Israel, which Hamas rejects. After the 2014 agreement, US President Barack Obama said in April 2014 that President Mahmoud Abbas' decision to form a national unity government with Hamas was "unhelpful" and undermined the negotiations with Israel. Amin Maqboul, secretary-general of Fatah's Revolutionary Council, told Al-Monitor, "Hamas did not stick to the 2014 agreement, as it has yet to hand over the reins of power over Gaza to the national consensus government and continues to control the crossings. Should Hamas continue down this path, we have to go to the polls immediately and let the people choose who they want to rule". 2013 name change The UN has permitted the PLO to title its representative office to the UN as "The Permanent Observer Mission of the State of Palestine to the United Nations", and Palestine has started to re-title its name accordingly on postal stamps, official documents and passports, whilst it has instructed its diplomats to officially represent 'The State of Palestine', as opposed to the 'Palestine National Authority'. Additionally, on 17 December 2012, UN Chief of Protocol Yeocheol Yoon decided that "the designation of 'State of Palestine' shall be used by the Secretariat in all official United Nations documents". However, in a speech in 2016 president Abbas said that "The Palestinian Authority exists and it is here," and "The Palestinian Authority is one of our achievements and we won’t give it up." Geography The Palestinian Territories refers to the Gaza Strip and the West Bank (including East Jerusalem). The Palestinian Authority currently administers some 39% of the West Bank. 61% of the West Bank remains under direct Israeli military and civilian control. East Jerusalem was unilaterally annexed by Israel in 1980, prior to the formation of the PA. Since 2007 Gaza has been governed by the Hamas Government in Gaza. Politics and internal structure The politics of the Palestinian Authority take place within the framework of a semi-presidential multi-party republic, with the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC), an executive President, and a Prime Minister leading a Cabinet. According to the Palestinian Basic Law which was signed by Arafat in 2002 after a long delay, the current structure of the PA is based on three separate branches of power: executive, legislative, and judiciary. The PA was created by, is ultimately accountable to, and has historically been associated with, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), with whom Israel negotiated the Oslo Accords. The PLC is an elected body of 132 representatives, which must confirm the Prime Minister upon nomination by the President, and which must approve all government cabinet positions proposed by the Prime Minister. The Judicial Branch has yet to be formalized. The President of the PA is directly elected by the people, and the holder of this position is also considered to be the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. In an amendment to the Basic Law approved in 2003, the president appoints the Prime Minister who is also chief of the security services in the Palestinian territories. The Prime Minister chooses a cabinet of ministers and runs the government, reporting directly to the President. Parliamentary elections were conducted in January 2006 after the passage of an overhauled election law that increased the number of seats from 88 to 132. The Chairman of the PLO, Yasser Arafat, was elected as President of PA in a landslide victory at the general election in 1996. Arafat's administration was criticized for its lack of democracy, widespread corruption among officials, and the division of power among families and numerous governmental agencies with overlapping functions. Both Israel and the US declared they lost trust in Arafat as a partner and refused to negotiate with him, regarding him as linked to terrorism. Arafat denied this, and was visited by other leaders around the world up until his death. However, this began a push for change in the Palestinian leadership. In 2003, Mahmoud Abbas resigned because of lack of support from Israel, the US, and Arafat himself. He won the presidency on 9 January 2005 with 62% of the vote. Former prime minister Ahmed Qureia formed his government on 24 February 2005 to wide international praise because, for the first time, most ministries were headed by experts in their field as opposed to political appointees. The presidential mandate of Mahmoud Abbas expired in 2009 and he is no longer recognised by Hamas, among others, as the legitimate Palestinian leader. According to Palestinian documents leaked to the Al Jazeera news organization, the United States has threatened to cut off funding to the Palestinian Authority should there be a change in the Palestinian leadership in the West Bank. In February 2011, the Palestinian Authority announced that parliamentary and presidential elections would be held by September 2011. On 27 April 2011, Fatah's Azzam al-Ahmad announced the party's signing of a memorandum of understanding with Hamas' leadership, a major step towards reconciliation effectively paving the way for a unity government. The deal was formally announced in Cairo, and was co-ordinated under the mediation of Egypt's new intelligence director Murad Muwafi. The deal came amidst an international campaign for statehood advanced by the Abbas administration, which is expected to culminate in a request for admission into the General Assembly as a member state in September. As part of the deal, the two factions agreed to hold elections in both territories within twelve months of the creation of a transitional government. In response to the announcement, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu warned that the Authority must choose whether it wants "peace with Israel or peace with Hamas". Officials Political parties and elections From the establishment of the Palestinian Authority in 1993 until the death of Yasser Arafat in late 2004, only one election had taken place. All other elections were deferred for various reasons. A single election for president and the legislature took place in 1996. The next presidential and legislative elections were scheduled for 2001 but were delayed following the outbreak of the Al-Aqsa Intifada. Following Arafat's death, elections for the President of the Authority were announced for 9 January 2005. The PLO leader Mahmoud Abbas won 62.3% of the vote, while Dr. Mustafa Barghouti, a physician and independent candidate, won 19.8%. On 10 May 2004, the Palestinian Cabinet announced that municipal elections would take place for the first time. Elections were announced for August 2004 in Jericho, followed by certain municipalities in the Gaza Strip. In July 2004 these elections were postponed. Issues with voter registration are said to have contributed to the delay. Municipal elections finally took place for council officials in Jericho and 25 other towns and villages in the West Bank on 23 December 2004. On 27 January 2005, the first round of the municipal elections took place in the Gaza Strip for officials in 10 local councils. Further rounds in the West Bank took place in May 2005. Elections for a new Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) were scheduled for July 2005 by Acting Palestinian Authority President Rawhi Fattuh in January 2005. These elections were postponed by Mahmoud Abbas after major changes to the Election Law were enacted by the PLC which required more time for the Palestinian Central Elections Committee to process and prepare. Among these changes were the expansion of the number of parliament seats from 88 to 132, with half of the seats to be competed for in 16 localities, and the other half to be elected in proportion to party votes from a nationwide pool of candidates. The following organizations, listed in alphabetic order, have taken part in recent popular elections inside the Palestinian Authority: Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Al-Jabhah al-Dimuqratiyah Li-Tahrir Filastin) Fatah or Liberation Movement of Palestine (Harakat al-Tahrâr al-Filistini) Hamas or Islamic Resistance Movement (Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyah) Palestine Democratic Union (al-Ittihad al-Dimuqrati al-Filastini, FiDA) Palestinian National Initiative (al-Mubadara al-Wataniya al-Filistiniyya) Palestinian People's Party (Hizb al-Sha'b al-Filastini) Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Al-Jabhah al-sha'abiyah Li-Tahrir Filastin) October 2006 polls showed that Fatah and Hamas had equal strength. On 14 June 2007, after the Battle of Gaza (2007), Palestine president Mahmoud Abbas dismissed the Hamas-led government, leaving the government under his control for 30 days, after which the temporary government had to be approved by the Palestinian Legislative Council. Law Human rights In theory the Palestinian Authority has guaranteed freedom of assembly to the Palestinian citizens residing in its territory. Nevertheless, the right to demonstrate for opponents of the PA regime or of PA policy has become increasingly subject to police control and restriction and is a source of concern for human rights groups. In August 2019, the Palestinian Authority banned LGBTQ organizations from operating in the West Bank, targeting the group Al Qaws. The Fatah–Hamas conflict has further limited the freedom of the press in the PA territories and the distribution of opposing voices in Hamas-controlled Gaza and the West Bank where Fatah still has more influence. According to the Ramallah-based Palestinian Center for Development and Media Freedoms, in 2011, there were more assaults on Palestinian press freedom from the PA than from Israel. In July 2010, with the easing of the blockade of the Gaza Strip, Israel allowed the distribution of the pro-Fatah newspapers al-Quds, al-Ayyam and al-Hayat al-Jadida to Gaza, but Hamas prevented Gazan distributors from retrieving the shipment. The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) condemned the Hamas restrictions of distribution of the West Bank newspapers in Gaza, and also condemned the Fatah-led government in the West Bank for restricting publication and distribution of the Gazan newspapers al-Resala and Falastin. Women have full suffrage in the PA. In the 2006 elections, women made up 47 percent of registered voters. Prior to the elections, the election law was amended to introduce a quota for women on the national party lists, resulting in 22 percent of candidates on the national lists being women. The quota's effectiveness was illustrated in comparison with the district elections, where there was no quota, and only 15 of the 414 candidates were women. Selling land or housing to Jews is punishable by death, and some high-profile cases have received high media coverage. Hamas has begun enforcing some Islamic standards of dress for women in the PA; women must don headscarves in order to enter government ministry buildings. In July 2010, Hamas banned the smoking of hookah by women in public. They claimed that it was to reduce the increasing number of divorces. In June 2011, the Independent Commission for Human Rights published a report whose findings included that the Palestinians in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip were subjected in 2010 to an "almost systematic campaign" of human rights abuses by the Palestinian Authority and Hamas, as well as by Israeli authorities, with the security forces belonging to the PA and Hamas being responsible for torture, arrests and arbitrary detentions. Crime and law enforcement Violence against civilians The Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group reports that through "everyday disagreements and clashes between the various political factions, families and cities that a complete picture of Palestinian society is painted. These divisions have during the course of the al Aqsa Intifada also led to an increasingly violent 'Intrafada'. In the 10-year period from 1993 to 2003, 16% of Palestinian civilian deaths were caused by Palestinian groups or individuals." Erika Waak reports in The Humanist "Of the total number of Palestinian civilians killed during this period by both Israeli and Palestinian security forces, 16 percent were the victims of Palestinian security forces." Accusations of collaboration with Israel are used to target and kill individual Palestinians: "Those who are convicted have either been caught helping Israelis, spoken out against Arafat, or are involved in rival criminal gangs, and these individuals are hanged after summary trials. Arafat creates an environment where the violence continues while silencing would-be critics, and although he could make the violence impossible, he doesn't stop it." Freedom House's annual survey of political rights and civil liberties, Freedom in the World 2001–2002, reports "Civil liberties declined due to: shooting deaths of Palestinian civilians by Palestinian security personnel; the summary trial and executions of alleged collaborators by the Palestinian Authority (PA); extrajudicial killings of suspected collaborators by militias; and the apparent official encouragement of Palestinian youth to confront Israeli soldiers, thus placing them directly in harm's way." Palestinian security forces have, as of March 2005, not made any arrests for the October 2003 killing of three American members of a diplomatic convoy in the Gaza Strip. Moussa Arafat, head of the Palestinian Military Intelligence and a cousin of the former Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat has stated that, regarding the United States pressure to arrest the killers; "They know that we are in a very critical position and that clashing with any Palestinian party under the presence of the occupation is an issue that will present many problems for us". Since the October 2003 attack, United States diplomats have been banned from entering the Gaza Strip. Violence against officials (2001–2004) On 22 April 2001, Jaweed al-Ghussein, former Chairman of the Palestine National Fund, was abducted from Abu Dhabi, UAE, flown to Arish, Egypt, and driven across the border to Gaza, where he was held hostage by the Palestinian Authority. The Minister of Justice, Freh Abu Mediane, protested and resigned over the illegality. Haider Abdel Shafi, Chief Delegate in the Madrid Peace Process and leading Palestinian, protested at his incarceration and demanded his immediate release. The PCCR (Palestinian Commission on Citizens Rights) took the case up. The Attorney General Sorani declared there was no legality. The Red Cross was denied access to him. Amnesty International asked for his release. The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention determined he was being held 'manifestly with no legal justification' and appointed a Special Rapporteur on torture. On 15 October 2003, three members of a United States diplomatic convoy were killed and additional members of the convoy wounded three kilometers south of the Erez Crossing into the Gaza Strip by a terrorist bomb. The perpetrators remain at large. In February 2004, Ghassan Shaqawa, the mayor of Nablus, filed his resignation from office in protest of the Palestinian Authority's lack of action against the armed militias rampaging the city and the multiple attempts by some Palestinians to assassinate him. Gaza's police Chief, General Saib al-Ajez would later say: 'This internal conflict between police and militants cannot happen. It is forbidden. We are a single nation and many people know each other and it is not easy to kill someone who is bearing a weapon to defend his nation." Karen Abu Zayd, deputy commissioner-general for the UN Relief and Works Agency in the Gaza Strip stated on 29 February 2004: "What has begun to be more visible is the beginning of the breakdown of law and order, all the groups have their own militias, and they are very organized. It's factions trying to exercise their powers." Ghazi al-Jabali, the Gaza Strip Chief of Police, since 1994 has been the target of repeated attacks by Palestinians. In March 2004, his offices were targeted by gunfire. In April 2004, a bomb was detonated destroying the front of his house. On 17 July 2004, he was kidnapped at gunpoint following an ambush of his convoy and wounding of two bodyguards. He was released several hours later. Less than six hours later, Colonel Khaled Abu Aloula, director of military coordination in the southern part of Gaza was abducted. On the eve of 17 July, Fatah movement members kidnapped 5 French citizens (3 men and 2 women) and held them hostage in Red Crescent Society building in Khan Yunis: Palestinian security officials said that the kidnapping was carried out by the Abu al-Rish Brigades, accused of being linked to Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat's Fatah faction. On 18 July, Arafat replaced Ghazi al-Jabali, with his nephew Moussa Arafat, sparking violent riots in Rafah and Khan Yunis in which members of the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades burned PA offices and opened fire on Palestinian policemen. During the riots, at least one Palestinian was killed and a dozen more seriously wounded. On 20 July 2004 David Satterfield, the second-in-charge at the United States Department of State Near East desk stated in a hearing before the Senate that the Palestinian Authority had failed to arrest the Palestinian terrorists who had murdered three members of an American diplomatic convoy travelling in the Gaza Strip on 15 October 2003. Satterfield stated: "There has been no satisfactory resolution of this case. We can only conclude that there has been a political decision taken by the chairman (Yasser Arafat) to block further progress in this investigation." On 21 July, Nabil Amar, former Minister of Information and a cabinet member and a member of the Palestinian Legislative Council, was shot by masked gunmen, after an interview with a television channel in which he criticized Yasser Arafat and called for reforms in the PA. Regarding the descent into chaos Cabinet minister Qadura Fares stated on 21 July 2004: "Every one of us is responsible. Arafat is the most responsible for the failure. President Arafat failed and the Palestinian government failed, the Palestinian political factions failed." On 22 July 2004, The United Nations elevated its threat warning level for the Gaza Strip to "Phase Four" (one less than the maximum "Phase Five") and planned to evacuate non-essential foreign staff from the Gaza Strip. On 23 July 2004, an Arab boy was shot and killed by Palestinian terrorists of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades after he and his family physically opposed their attempt to set up a Qassam rocket launcher outside the family's house. Five other individuals were wounded in the incident. On 31 July, Palestinian kidnappers in Nablus seized 3 foreign nationals, an American, British and Irish citizen. They were later released. Also, a PA security forces HQ building was burnt down in Jenin by the al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades. A leader of Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades said they torched the building because new mayor Qadorrah Moussa, appointed by Arafat, had refused to pay salaries to Al Aqsa members or to cooperate with the group. On 8 August 2004 the Justice Minister Nahed Arreyes resigned stating that he has been stripped of much of his authority over the legal system. The year before, Yasser Arafat created a rival agency to the Justice Ministry and was accused of continuing to control the judiciary and in particular the state prosecutors. On 10 August 2004, a report by an investigation committee Palestinian Legislative Council for the reasons for the anarchy and chaos in the PA was published by Haaretz daily newspaper. The report put the main blame on Yasser Arafat and the PA's security forces, which "have failed to make a clear political decision to end it". The report states, "The main reason for the failure of the Palestinian security forces and their lack of action in restoring law and order [......] is the total lack of a clear political decision and no definition of their roles, either for the long term or the short." The report also calls to stop shooting Qassam rockets and mortar shells on Israeli settlements because it hurts "Palestinian interests". Hakham Balawi said: "... It is prohibited to launch rockets and to fire weapons from houses, and that is a supreme Palestinian interest that should not be violated because the result is barbaric retaliation by the occupying army and the citizenry cannot accept such shooting. Those who do it are a certain group that does not represent the people and nation, doing it without thinking about the general interest and public opinion in the world and in Israel. There is no vision or purpose to the missiles; the Palestinian interest is more important" Despite the criticism against Yasser Arafat, the troubles continued. On 24 August, the Lieutenant Commander of the Palestinian General Intelligence in the Gaza Strip, Tareq Abu-Rajab, was shot by group of armed men. He was seriously injured. On 31 August, the Jenin Martyrs Brigades, the armed wing of the Popular Resistance Committees, threaten to kill Minister Nabil Shaath for participating in a conference in Italy attended by Israeli Foreign Minister Silvan Shalom, declaring "He will be sentenced to death if he enters. The decision cannot be rescinded, we call upon his bodyguards to abandon his convoy in order to save their lives." On 8 September, Prime Minister Ahmed Qurei, threatens to resign, again. Three weeks have elapsed since he retracted is resignation, originally tendered six weeks ago. On 12 October, Moussa Arafat, cousin of Yasser Arafat and a top security official in the Gaza Strip, survived a car bomb assassination attempt. Recently the Popular Resistance Committees threatened Moussa Arafat with retaliation for an alleged attempt to assassinate its leader, Mohammed Nashabat. On 14 October, Palestinian Prime Minister Ahmed Qurei stated that the Palestinian Authority is unable to stop the spreading anarchy. While routinely blaming Israel for the PA's problems, he pointed out that the many PA security forces are hobbled by corruption and factional feuding. Due to the lack of governmental reforms demanded by international peace mediators, Palestinian legislators demanded Qurei present a report on the matter by 20 October, at which point they will decide upon holding a no-confidence vote. On 19 October, a group of Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades members, led by Zakaria Zubeidi, seized buildings belonging to the Palestinian Finance ministry and Palestinian parliament in Jenin. According to Mosab Hassan Yousef, the CIA has provided sophisticated electronic eavesdropping equipment to the Palestinian Authority that has been used against suspected Palestinian militants. However, the equipment has also been used against Shin Bet informants. Palestinian measures to keep law and order In 2006, after the Hamas victory, the Palestinian interior minister formed an Executive Force for the police. However, the PA president objected and after clashes between Hamas and Fatah, redeployment of the force was made and efforts started in order to integrate it with the police force. In 2011, Amira Hass reported that in sections of Area B of the West Bank, especially around the towns of Abu Dis and Sawahera, a security paradox was evolving: while the Oslo Accords stipulate that the Israeli Army have authority to police Area B, they weren't; and though the Palestinian security forces were prepared to deal with criminal activity in this area, they had to wait for Israeli permission to enter, and were thus ineffective. Hass also reported that as a result of this paradox, Abu Dis and surrounding areas were becoming a haven for weapons smugglers, drug dealers, and other criminals. As of 2013, Palestinian security forces continue to coordinate with Israeli troops in tracking Islamic militants in the West Bank. Administrative divisions The governorates ( muhafazat) of the Palestinian Authority were founded in 1995 to replace the 8 Israeli military districts of the Civil Administration: 11 governorates in the West Bank and 5 in the Gaza Strip. The governorates are not regulated in any official law of decree by the Palestinian Authority but they are regulated by Presidential decrees, mainly Presidential Decree No. 22 of 2003, regarding the powers of the governors. The regional governors ( muhafiz) are appointed by the President. They are in charge of the Palestinian police force in their jurisdiction as well as coordinating state services such as education, health and transportation. The governorates are under the direct supervision of the Interior Ministry. The governorates in the West Bank are grouped into three areas per the Oslo II Accord. Area A forms 18% of the West Bank by area, and is administered by the Palestinian Authority. Area B forms 22% of the West Bank, and is under Palestinian civil control, and joint Israeli-Palestinian security control. Area C, except East Jerusalem, forms 60% of the West Bank, and is administered by the Israeli Civil Administration, except that the Palestinian Authority provides the education and medical services to the 150,000 Palestinians in the area. 70.3% of Area C (40.5% of the West Bank) is off limit to Palestinian construction and development. These areas include areas under jurisdiction of Israeli settlements, closed military zones, nature reserves and national parks and areas designated by Israel as "state land". There are about 330,000 Israelis living in settlements in Area C, in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. Although Area C is under martial law, Israelis living there are judged in Israeli civil courts. a. Data from Jerusalem includes occupied East Jerusalem with its Israeli population East Jerusalem is administered as part of the Jerusalem District of Israel, but is claimed by Palestine as part of the Jerusalem Governorate. It was annexed by Israel in 1980, but this annexation is not recognised by any other country. Of the 456,000 people in East Jerusalem, roughly 60% are Palestinians and 40% are Israelis. Foreign relations The Palestinian National Authority (PNA) foreign relations are conducted by the minister of foreign affairs. The PNA is represented abroad by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which maintains a network of missions and embassies. In states that recognise the State of Palestine it maintains embassies and in other states it maintains "delegations" or "missions". Representations of foreign states to the Palestinian Authority are performed by "missions" or "offices" in Ramallah and Gaza. States that recognise the State of Palestine also accredit to the PLO (as the government-in-exile of the State of Palestine) non-resident ambassadors residing in third countries. On 5 January 2013, following the 2012 UNGA resolution, Palestinian President Abbas ordered all Palestinian embassies to change any official reference to the Palestinian Authority into State of Palestine. The Palestinian Authority is included in the European Union's European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer. Palestinian Authority passport In April 1995, the Palestinian Authority, pursuant to the Oslo Accords with the State of Israel, started to issue passports to Palestinian residents of the Gaza Strip and West Bank. The appearance of the passport and details about its issuance are described in Appendix C of Annex II (Protocol Concerning Civil Affairs) of the Gaza-Jericho Agreement signed by Israel and the PLO on 4 May 1994. The Palestinian Authority does not issue the passports on behalf of the proclaimed State of Palestine. The passports bear the inscription: "This passport/travel document is issued pursuant to the Palestinian Self Government Agreement according to Oslo Agreement signed in Washington on 13/9/1993". By September 1995, the passport had been recognised by 29 states, some of them (e.g. the United States) recognise it only as a travel document (see further details below): Algeria, Bahrain, Bulgaria, People's Republic of China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Jordan, Malta, Morocco, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. While the U.S. Government recognises Palestinian Authority passports as travel documents, it does not view them as conferring citizenship, since they are not issued by a government that they recognise. Consular officials representing the Governments of Egypt, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates, when asked by the Resource Information Center of UNHCR in May 2002, would not comment on whether their governments viewed PA passports as conferring any proof of citizenship or residency, but did say that the passports, along with valid visas or other necessary papers, would allow their holders to travel to their countries. The Palestinian Authority has said that anyone born in Palestine carrying a birth certificate attesting to that can apply for a PA passport. Whether or not Palestinians born outside Palestine could apply was not clear to the PA Representative questioned by UNHCR representatives in May 2002. The PA representative also said even if those applying met the PA's eligibility criteria, the Israeli government placed additional restrictions on the actual issuance of passports. In October 2007, a Japanese Justice Ministry official said, "Given that the Palestinian Authority has improved itself to almost a full-fledged state and issues its own passports, we have decided to accept the Palestinian nationality." The decision followed a recommendation by a ruling party panel on nationality that Palestinians should no longer be treated as stateless. Legal action against PNA In February 2015 in a civil case considered by a US federal court the Palestinian Authority and Palestine Liberation Organization were found liable for the death and injuries of US citizens in a number of terrorist attacks in Israel from 2001 to 2004. However, on 31 August 2016, the Second US Circuit Court of Appeals in Manhattan dismissed the lawsuit on the grounds that US federal courts lacked overseas jurisdiction on civil cases. Police forces The creation of a Palestinian police force was called for under the Oslo Accords. The first Palestinian police force of 9,000 was deployed in Jericho in 1994, and later in Gaza. These forces initially struggled to control security in the areas in which it had partial controlled and because of this Israel delayed expansion of the area to be administered by the PA. By 1996, the PA security forces were estimated to include anywhere from 40,000 to 80,000 recruits. PA security forces employ some armored cars, and a limited number carry automatic weapons. Some Palestinians opposed to or critical of the peace process perceive the Palestinian security forces to be little more than a proxy of the State of Israel. Economy The Gaza International Airport was built by the PA in the city of Rafah, but operated for only a brief period before being destroyed by Israel following the outbreak of Al-Aqsa Intifada in 2000. A seaport was also being constructed in Gaza but was never completed. Some Palestinians are dependent on access to the Israeli job market. During the 1990s, some Israeli companies began to replace Palestinians with foreign workers. The process was found to be economical and also addressed security concerns. This hurt the Palestinian economy, in particular in the Gaza strip, where 45.7% of the population is under the poverty line according to the CIA World Factbook, but it also affected the West Bank. Budget According to the World Bank, the budget deficit in PNA was about $800 million in 2005, with nearly half of it, financed by donors. The World Bank stated, "The PA's fiscal situation has become increasingly unsustainable mainly as a result of uncontrolled government consumption, in particular a rapidly increasing public sector wage bill, expanding social transfer schemes and rising net lending." In June 2011, Prime Minister Salam Fayyad stated that the Palestinian Authority is facing a financial crisis because funds pledged by donor nations have not arrived on time. Fayyad said that "In 2011, we have been receiving $52.5 million dollars a month from the Arab countries, which is much less than the amount they committed to deliver." In June 2012, the Palestinian Authority was unable to pay its workers' salaries as a result of their financial issues, including a cutback in aid from foreign donors, and Arab countries not fulfilling their pledges to send money to the Palestinian Authority, in which the Palestinian Authority is heavily dependent. Finance Minister Nabil Kassis called the crisis "the worst" in three years. Adding to the complications are the fact that in the same month, the head of the Palestine Monetary Authority, Jihad Al-Wazir, stated that the Palestinian Authority reached the maximum limit of borrowing from Palestinian banks. In July 2012, Prime Minister Salam Fayyad urged Arab countries to send the money they promised, which amounts to tens of millions of dollars, as they have not made good on their pledges, while Western donors have. The Palestinian labor minister Ahmed Majdalani also warned of the consequences of a shortfall in the delivery of aid from Arab donor nations. In order to help the Palestinian Authority solve its crisis, Israel sought $1 billion in loans from the International Monetary Fund, intending to transfer this loan to the Palestinian Authority who would pay them back when possible. The IMF rejected the proposal because it feared setting a precedent of making IMF money available to non-state entities, like the Palestinian Authority, which as a non-state cannot directly request or receive IMF funding. In mid-July 2012, it was announced that Saudi Arabia would imminently send $100 million to the Palestinian Authority to help relieve them of their financial crisis. Still, the Palestinian Authority is seeking the support of other countries to send more money to help fix a budget deficit that is approximately $1.5 billion for 2012, and it is estimated that they need approximately $500 million more. Ghassan Khatib, a Palestinian Authority spokesman, said, "This $100 million is important and significant because it's coming from a leading Arab state, and this hopefully can be an example for other countries to follow... We will remain in need of external funding. Whenever it is affected, then we will be in crisis." By 15 July 2012, Palestinian Authority workers received only 60% of their salaries for June, which caused discontent against the government. In a "goodwill gesture" to the Palestinian Authority to renew dialogue with Israel, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Finance Minister Yuval Steinitz decided to give Ramallah a NIS 180 million advance on tax money it transfers on a monthly basis. The Israeli government's economic cabinet also decided to increase the number of Palestinian construction workers allowed in Israel by approximately 5,000. One Israeli official said that the money helped the Palestinian Authority pay its salaries before Ramadan, and it was part of Israel's policy of helping to "preserve the Palestinian economy." The World Bank issued a report in July 2012 that the Palestinian economy cannot sustain statehood as long as it continues to heavily rely on foreign donations and the private sector fails to thrive. The report said that the Palestinian Authority is unlikely to reach fiscal sustainability until a peace deal is achieved that allows the private sector to experience rapid and sustained growth. The World Bank report also blamed the financial issues on the absence of a final status agreement that would allow for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Arab conflict. As of May 2011, the Palestinian Authority spent $4.5 million per month paying Palestinian prisoners. The payments include monthly amounts such as NIS 12,000 ($3,000) to prisoners who have been imprisoned for over 30 years. The salaries, funded by the PA, are given to Fatah, Hamas, and Islamic Jihad prisoners, despite financial hardships by the Palestinian Authority. These payments make up 6% of the PA's budget. , the PA has a debt of 1.8 bln NIS to the Israel Electric Corporation. In 2017, the PA received $693 million from foreign donors, of which $345 million, was paid out through the Martyrs Fund in the form of stipends to convicted militants and their families. Corruption A poll conducted by the Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research revealed that 71% of Palestinians believe there is corruption in the Palestinian Authority institutions in the West Bank, and 57% say there is corruption in the institutions of the dismissed Palestinian government in the Gaza Strip. 34% say that there is no freedom of the press in the West Bank, 21% say that there is press freedom in the West Bank, and 41% say there is to a certain extent. 29% of Palestinians say people in the West Bank can criticize the government in the West Bank without fear. At a hearing of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs in the United States Congress on 10 July 2012, titled "Chronic Kleptocracy: Corruption within the Palestinian Political Establishment," it was stated that there is serious corruption within the political establishment and in financial transactions. The experts, analysts, and specialists testified on corruption within financial transactions concerning Mahmoud Abbas, his sons Yasser and Tareq, and the Palestine Investment Fund, among others, as well as on the limiting of freedom of the press, crushing political opposition, and cracking down on protestors. According to Representative Steve Chabot, who testified at the hearing, "Reports suggest that Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, like his predecessor Yassir Arafat, has used his position of power to line his own pockets as well as those of his cohort of cronies, including his sons, Yasser and Tareq. The Palestinian Investment Fund, for example, was intended to serve the interests of the Palestinian population and was supposed to be transparent, accountable, and independent of the Palestinian political leadership. Instead, it is surrounded by allegations of favoritism and fraud." Concerning Abbas' children, Chabot stated that "Even more disturbingly, Yasser and Tareq Abbas—who have amassed a great deal of wealth and economic power—have enriched themselves with U.S. taxpayer money. They have allegedly received hundreds of thousands of dollars in USAID contracts." In April 2013, the Palestinian organization Coalition for Transparency in Palestine said it was investigating 29 claims of stolen public funds. In addition, they said that that PA "has problems with money laundering, nepotism and misusing official positions." Twelve earlier claims were investigated and sent to the courts for resolution. In response, Palestinian Authority Justice Minister Ali Muhanna said that they have "made large strides in reducing corruption." International aid The majority of aid to the Palestinian Authority comes from the United States and European Union. According to figures released by the PA, only 22 percent of the $530,000,000 received since the beginning of 2010 came from Arab donors. The remaining came from Western donors and organizations. The total amount of foreign aid received directly by the PA was $1.4 billion in 2009 and $1.8 billion in 2008. Palestinian leaders stated the Arab world was "continuing to ignore" repeated requests for help. The US and the EU responded to Hamas' political victory by stopping direct aid to the PA, while the US imposed a financial blockade on PA's banks, impeding some of the Arab League's funds (e.g. Saudi Arabia and Qatar) from being transferred to the PA. On 6 and 7 May 2006, hundreds of Palestinians demonstrated in Gaza and the West Bank demanding payment of their wages. In 2013 there are 150,000 government employees. Income to run the government to serve about 4 million citizens, comes from donations from other countries. In 2020, Swedish foreign aid minister Peter Eriksson (Green Party) announced a 1.5 billion SEK support package (about 150 million euro) to the Palestine Authority in 2020–2024. This announcement came after several other countries had reduced aid due to indicators of corruption and that funds go towards the salaries of militants. Economic sanctions following January 2006 legislative elections Following the January 2006 legislative elections, won by Hamas, the Quartet (the United States, Russia, the European Union, and the United Nations) threatened to cut funds to the Palestinian Authority. On 2 February 2006, according to the AFP, the PA accused Israel of "practicing collective punishment after it snubbed the US calls to unblock funds owed to the Palestinians." Prime minister Ahmed Qorei "said he was hopeful of finding alternative funding to meet the budget shortfall of around 50 million dollars, needed to pay the wages of public sector workers, and which should have been handed over by Israel on the first of the month." The US Department criticized Israel for refusing to quickly unblock the funds. The funds were later unblocked. However, the New York Times alleged on 14 February 2006 that a "destabilization plan" of the United States and Israel, aimed against Hamas, winner of the January 2006 legislative elections, centered "largely on money" and cutting all funds to the PA once Hamas takes power, in order to delegitimize it in the eyes of the Palestinians. According to the news article, "The Palestinian Authority has a monthly cash deficit of some $60 million to $70 million after it receives between $50 million and $55 million a month from Israel in taxes and customs duties collected by Israeli officials at the borders but owed to the Palestinians." Beginning March 2006, "the Palestinian Authority will face a cash deficit of at least $110 million a month, or more than $1 billion a year, which it needs to pay full salaries to its 140,000 employees, who are the breadwinners for at least one-third of the Palestinian population. The employment figure includes some 58,000 members of the security forces, most of which are affiliated with the defeated Fatah movement." Since 25 January elections, "the Palestinian stock market has already fallen about 20 percent", while the "Authority has exhausted its borrowing capacity with local banks." Use of European Union assistance In February 2004, it was reported that the European Union (EU) anti-fraud office (OLAF) was studying documents suggesting that Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Authority had diverted tens of millions of dollars in EU funds to organizations involved in terrorist attacks, such as the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades. However, in August 2004, a provisional assessment stated that "To date, there is no evidence that funds from the non-targeted EU Direct Budget Assistance to the Palestinian Authority have been used to finance illegal activities, including terrorism." US foreign aid packages The US House for Foreign Operations announced a foreign assistance package to the Palestinian Authority that included provisions that would bar the government from receiving aid if it seeks statehood at the UN or includes Hamas in a unity government. The bill would provide $513 million for the Palestinian Authority. Payments to Palestinian prisoners in Israeli prisons On 22 July 2004, Salam Fayyad, PA Minister of Finance, in an article in the Palestinian weekly, The Jerusalem Times, detailed the following payments to Palestinians imprisoned by the Israeli authorities: Prisoner allowances increased between June 2002 and June 2004 to $9.6M USD monthly, an increase of 246 percent compared with January 1995 – June 2002. Between June 2002 and June 2004, 77M NIS were delivered to Palestinians held in Israeli prisons, compared to 121M NIS between January 1995 and June 2002, which is an increase of 16M NIS yearly. The increase of annual spending between the two periods registers 450 percent, which is much higher than the percentage increase of the number of prisoners. Between 2002 and 2004, the PA paid 22M NIS to cover other expenses – lawyers' fees, fines, and allocations for released prisoners. This includes lawyers' fees paid directly by the PA and fees paid through the Prisoners Club. In February 2011, The Jerusalem Post revealed that the PA was paying monthly salaries to members of Hamas who are in Israeli prisons. In March 2009, an extra 800 shekels ($190) was added to the stipends given to Palestinians affiliated with PLO factions in Israeli prisons, as confirmed by the head of Palestinian Prisoner Society in Nablus Ra'ed Amer. Each PLO-affiliated prisoner receives 1,000 shekels ($238) per month, an extra 300 shekels ($71) if they are married, and an extra 50 shekels ($12) for each child. In 2016 the United Kingdom had a domestic debate about how its aid to the PA ended up funding prisoners incarcerated in Israel. In October 2016 a sum of £25 million, constituting a third of its aid payments, was withheld pending the results of an investigation. James G. Lindsay James G. Lindsay a former UNRWA general-counsel and fellow researcher for Washington Institute for Near East Policy published a report regarding the use of international aid in the Palestinian Authority. Lindsay argued that internationally funded construction projects in the West Bank should try to minimize foreign labor and maximize the participation of Palestinian workers and management to ensure economic expansion through salaries, job training, and improved infrastructure. Lindsay stated that some financial control should stay in international hands to avoid "nepotism or corruption". Lindsay has also argued that in any peace settlement acceptable to Israel "there will be few, if any, Palestinian refugees returning to Israel proper". Lindsay suggested that internationally funded construction projects should try to benefit West Bank refugees who are willing to give up their longstanding demand for a "right of return". Lindsay also claimed that projects that will improve the living conditions of West Bank refugees could also be seen as part of the reparations or damages to be paid to refugees in any likely Israeli-Palestinian agreement. Lindsay criticized the Palestinian Authority treatment of these refugees: PA projects are not likely to address refugee needs, however, since the PA has traditionally deferred to the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) regarding infrastructure in refugee camps. See also Palestine Liberation Army Proposals for a Palestinian state Notes and references Bibliography Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David, People of Palestine (Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books, 2012), ASIN: B0094TU8VY External links Palestinian Media Watch – Timing and methods of the base of the Palestinian Authority The Palestinian Basic Law – A collection of various proposals and amendments to the Basic Law of Palestine Columbia University Libraries – Palestine, directory category of the WWW-VL. Government State Information Service Ministry of Planning Ministry of Information Ministry of Education and Higher Education Ministry of Labor (archive) The Palestinian Legislative Council Ministry of the National Economy Negotiations Affairs Department PECDAR – Palestinian Economic Council for Development and Reconstruction Palestine Media Center Israel and the Palestinian Authority Measures Taken by Israel in Support of Developing the Palestinian Economy and Socio-Economic Structure Palestinian nationalism Palestinian politics History of the Gaza Strip History of the West Bank States and territories established in 1994 1994 establishments in the Palestinian territories

55608090

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn%20Blessing%20Presinger

Agustín Blessing Presinger

Agustín Blessing Presinger (11 May 1868 – 1 February 1934) was a German priest, bishop, and missionary. He was the first to reach to the summit of Mount Chirripó, in 1904. Biography Presinger was born on May 11, 1868. He became a priest on February 24, 1894. Presinger became to first to reach the peak of Mount Chirripó, the highest peak of Costa Rica, in 1904. He became Bishop of Limón on May 1, 1922, and died on February 1, 1934. References 1868 births 1934 deaths 19th-century German Roman Catholic priests 20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Costa Rica Roman Catholic bishops of Limón

45548365

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CaixaForum

CaixaForum

CaixaForum is a series of museums, galleries and exhibition centres sponsored by Catalan bank and not-for-profit La Caixa. It has the following locations: CaixaForum Barcelona CaixaForum Madrid CaixaForum Lleida CaixaForum Palma CaixaForum Tarragona CaixaForum Zaragoza CaixaForum Sevilla CaixaForum Valencia (under construction, opening 2021) References Museums in Spain La Caixa

16827510

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20variation%20of%20area%20formula

First variation of area formula

In Riemannian geometry, the first variation of area formula relates the mean curvature of a hypersurface to the rate of change of its area as it evolves in the outward normal direction. Let be a smooth family of oriented hypersurfaces in a Riemannian manifold M such that the velocity of each point is given by the outward unit normal at that point. The first variation of area formula is where dA is the area form on induced by the metric of M, and H is the mean curvature of . The normal vector is parallel to where is the tangent vector. The mean curvature is parallel to the normal vector. References Chow, Lu, and Ni, "Hamilton's Ricci Flow." AMS Science Press, GSM volume 77, 2006. Riemannian geometry

5013304

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Evangelista

Ed Evangelista

Ed Evangelista is an American executive creative director,, and visual designer in branded content and communication. He was a judge on the ABC reality television show American Inventor. He also starred with Kelly Ripa on Homemade Millionaire which aired on TLC. He is an executive creative director at HAVAS WW in New York City. Career Evangelista is known for his work in building platforms for branded entertainment, mobile content, and integrated communication. His expertise is in content and delivery of alternative, digital, and traditional media by bringing brands, ideas, and entertainment together to create new experiences that engage consumers. Evangelista was a judge on ABC-TV reality show American Inventor, which was produced by Aimon Cowell. TLC's Homemade Millionaire TV Show, Evangelista starred with Kelly Ripa as a coach and mentor helping women win a contract to sell their new inventions on the Home Shopping Network. Evangelista is best known for his creative work for DeBeers diamonds, particularly the successful launches of Three Stone Jewelry and the Right Hand Ring. He has worked with many famous brands, including Smirnoff, Rolex, MCI, Philips Electronics, Volvo, Elizabeth Arden, Life magazine, Sunsilk, Sony, Merrill Lynch, NY Life, Atlantic City, Coppertone and Dr.Scholls to name a few. He combined marketing and entertainment for the launch of Unilever's Sunsilk, called "LoveBites" for TBS. These were 65 two-minute TV episodes that ran after Sex and the City and kept over 70% of viewers engaged. He was also instrumental in the launch of Sunsilk's Colorshowdown and colorshowdown.com, which features the blondes versus brunettes debate. He is involved in a variety of branding, TV, web, and mobile projects. He has won major advertising awards including the One Show Gold and the Cannes Lion. Evangelista and his work have been quoted and profiled in the WSJ, NYT, Archive, Graphis, Adweek, AdAge, and Entrepreneur.com. Evangelista graduated from the School of Visual Arts in New York City with a Bachelor of Fine Arts. References Living people American male screenwriters Year of birth missing (living people)

3311599

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoy%20cabbage

Savoy cabbage

Savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L. or Brassica oleracea Savoy Cabbage Group), is a variety of the plant species Brassica oleracea. Savoy cabbage is a winter vegetable and one of several cabbage varieties. It is named after the Savoy Region in France. It has crinkled, emerald green leaves. The leaves are crunchy and tender. Known cultivars include 'Savoy King' (in the US), 'Tundra' (green with a firm, round heart) and 'Winter King' (with dark crumpled leaves). Uses Savoy cabbage maintains a firm texture when cooked. It has the same flavor and appearance as regular cabbage when cooked but retains a firm texture which is desired in some recipes. Savoy cabbage can be used in a variety of recipes. It pairs well with red wine, apples, spices, horseradish and meat. It can be used for roulades, in stews and soups, such as borscht, as well as roasted plain and drizzled with olive oil. It can be used in preserved recipes such as kimchi or sauerkraut, and with strong and unusual seasonings such as juniper. Signs of desirable quality include cabbage that is heavy for its size with leaves that are unblemished and have a bright, fresh look. Peak season for most cabbages in the Northern Hemisphere runs from November through April. Fresh whole cabbage will keep in the refrigerator for one to six weeks depending on type and variety. Hard green, white or red cabbages will keep the longest while the looser Savoy and Chinese varieties such as napa and bok choy need to be consumed more quickly. It is necessary to keep the outer leaves intact without washing when storing since moisture hastens decay. The cabbage provides fiber, vitamins A, C, K and B6, folate, potassium, manganese, thiamin, calcium, iron and magnesium. Savoy can be difficult to grow as it is vulnerable to caterpillars, pigeons, and club root disease. It does best in full sun, and is winter-hardy, able to tolerate the cold, frost, and snow. See also January King Cabbage (another winter cabbage) References External links Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L., Tropicos.org, Missouri Botanical Garden Leaf vegetables Cabbage Food plant cultivars

57102349

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipula%20ignobilis

Tipula ignobilis

Tipula ignobilis is a species of large crane fly in the family Tipulidae. References Tipulidae Articles created by Qbugbot

51990221

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SISB

SISB

SISB is a provider of Singapore International Schools in Thailand. SISB has four campuses in Thailand for children between the ages of 2 and 18, with more than 1,500 students from over 30 countries. SISB founded its first school, the Singapore International School of Bangkok (Ekkamai campus) in 2001 in Bangkok, Thailand. It was the first Singapore International School established in Thailand. In 2012, SISB established its second school (SISB Pracha Uthit campus) which is currently the group's flagship campus. SISB schools offer education from nursery, kindergarten, primary to secondary (Year 8 to 13 which includes sixth form) levels. Headquartered in Bangkok, Thailand, SISB Public Company Limited currently employs over 500 employees. Curriculum SISB schools adopt the Singapore and UK curriculum. All SISB schools use English as the main medium for teaching and provide a trilingual curriculum in English, Chinese and Thai languages. Accreditations In 2016, SISB Pracha Uthit was appointed by the Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) as the official examination centre for the Singapore International Primary School Examination (iPSLE). SISB Pracha Uthit is an approved centre certified by Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) to conduct the IGCSE, AS and A Levels examinations. SISB Pracha Uthit is a certified SAT and Hanban (Chinese proficiency) test centre. It is fully accredited by the Council of International Schools (CIS) and the New England Association of Schools & Colleges (NEASC). Schools SISB operates four schools and one joint-venture school in Thailand: Singapore International School of Bangkok (SISB Pracha Uthit) Singapore International School Chiangmai (SISB Chiangmai) -> joint-venture Singapore International School Ekkamai (SISB Ekkamai) Close Down Singapore International School Suvarnabhumi (SISB Suvarnabhumi) Singapore International School Thonburi (SISB Thonburi) School Facilities Facilities at SISB Schools include equipped with general classrooms, a swimming pool, library, science and computer laboratories, multi-purpose hall and playgrounds. SISB Pracha Uthit campus provides full-time and boarding options. External links SISB Company Limited References Education companies of Thailand

40600778

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian%20National%20Agency%20for%20Energy%20Saving%20and%20Renewable%20Energy

Russian National Agency for Energy Saving and Renewable Energy

The National Agency for Energy Saving and Renewable Energy (NAERE) is a Russian non-governmental and non-commercial partnership established in 2009. It conducts projects varying from energy audits and technical solutions development to the installation and maintenance of energy efficient equipment. As of 2013 NAERE unites more than 60 Russian and foreign companies. Purpose The purpose of the group is to bring together leading organizations in the field of energy efficiency to stimulate interest in rational use of energy resources. Projects NAERE is experienced in implementing energy efficient projects at wide range of different facilities including: Public sector City infrastructure Industry Services and business sector and residential sector Renewable energy in Russia Environmental organizations based in Russia

20795543

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1travereb%C3%A9ly

Mátraverebély

Mátraverebély is a city in Nógrád county, Hungary. Etymology Slovak vrábeľ (sparrow) → verebély. See also Vráble. References See also Populated places in Nógrád County

52132902

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabikpur%2C%20Lakhisarai

Sabikpur, Lakhisarai

Sabik Pur is a village in the Lakhisarai District of the Indian state of Bihar. Lakhisarai, Barahiya, Sheikhpura, and Jamui are the towns and cities closest to Sabikpur. Geography Sabikpur is situated on the banks of the Harohar River, a fork of the Ganges. The river name of the river combines ‘haro' which means "to take away," and 'har,' which means "problems", since this river is reputed to "take away all problems." The river circles the village to the north, west and south. Traditionally, the village doesn't lack of water. There are five wards in the village of Sabikpur. Lakhisarai is the nearest town, and approximately 20 km away. The village links to Lakhisarai via a solid road. Town It is one of the oldest villages in the district. The village is highly educated; it is home to about 50 doctors, as well as soldiers, engineers, teachers, and lawyers. The village contains 704 houses. Around 100–150 years ago, a saint meditated at the Sadhu Baba temple and left his body there, making it a sacred place. This village also includes a temple sacred to Lord Shiva. The village lacks signs of development, such as banks and proper healthcare services. During storms, the village has problems with electricity and transportation. Agriculture The village has a favorable climate and geographical features, which allow farmers to grow crops like rice, wheat, oilseeds, tomatoes, other types of vegetables, and trees like mango, neem, and bamboo. The main source of irrigation is the Harohar River which surrounds the village from three directions. References Villages in Lakhisarai district

64191741

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%20Massachusetts%20legislature

1880 Massachusetts legislature

The 101st Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1880 during the governorship of John Davis Long. Robert R. Bishop served as president of the Senate and Charles J. Noyes served as speaker of the House. Senators Representatives See also 1880 Massachusetts gubernatorial election 46th United States Congress List of Massachusetts General Courts References Further reading (includes description of legislature) External links Political history of Massachusetts Massachusetts legislative sessions massachusetts 1880 in Massachusetts

55131046

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Donald%20%28painter%29

Elizabeth Donald (painter)

Elizabeth Donald (1858–1940) was a British/New Zealand painter. References British women painters 19th-century New Zealand painters 20th-century New Zealand painters 1858 births 1940 deaths 20th-century British women artists 19th-century British women artists

23134466

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Found%20Love%20%28Now%20That%20I%20Found%20You%29

I Found Love (Now That I Found You)

"I Found Love (Now That I Found You)" is a song by Love & Kisses, a studio group formed by Cairo-born French musician Alec R. Costandinos. Along with the song "Accidental Lover", "I Found Love (Now That I Found You)", from the group's 1977 self-titled debut studio album, hit number one on the US Hot Disco Singles chart for three weeks in July 1977. The song, written and produced by Costandinos, can be found on the compilation CD Disco Nights Vol. 3: The Best of Euro Disco. A brief snippet of this song is used in "The Diva Megamix", which is on Pure Disco 2. References 1977 singles Disco songs 1977 songs Casablanca Records singles

32349246

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agri-Fab

Agri-Fab

Agri-Fab, Inc. is an American manufacturer of lawn and garden attachments located in Sullivan, Illinois. Agri-Fab operates a . manufacturing facility and at peak season employs nearly 400 employees in a town of 4,700 and the surrounding area. History The story began in 1975 When the former company George Power Tools(acquired by Yard-Man then MTD) shut its doors. The former employees pooled together and created a new business developing a new and improved lawn sweeper. Soon, Agri-Fab® went on to redesign and manufacture a product that outperformed any lawn sweeper on the market. The result attracted the attention of a major retailer and, ultimately, catapulted Agri-Fab into the position of an industry leader of lawn and garden attachments. Agri-Fab expanded its manufacturing facilities(the former George Power Tools factory) to meet its customers’ potential needs, with the addition of a 12,500-square-foot building. The building was finished early in 1987, just in time for the lawn and garden season. The expansion proved necessary. Orders for the new lawn sweeper were heavy, and overall company sales doubled. AF's business model included the development of a complete product line, ranging from lawn carts, lawn sweepers and aerators to fertilizer sprayers, spreaders and snowblades. Not everything the company produced was to be attached to a tractor. Agri-Fab was also producing environmentally friendly products that relied on muscle power. In addition to standard wheelbarrows, its precision-balanced poly wheelbarrow allowed the user to haul several times his or her weight. Its silent push reel mower, with blades that were precision ground to the point where the blade and the cutter bar did not touch, was the best in the business. Even as Agri-Fab added new products, the lawn sweeper continued to be the mainstay of the product line. Gradually, Agri-Fab became the dominant source in the lawn sweeper business. After its successful re-entry into the lawn and garden manufacturing arena, Agri-Fab's growth continued. Through the period of the early 1990s, the business had doubled in size from what it was in the late 1980s and doubled in size again by 1999. One reason for the continued growth was constant reinvestment back into the company operations and infrastructure. Three years after going into business, Agri-Fab invested in its first computer. Early on, using its previous experience with a larger organization, the company purchased software with the capability of taking data from the shop floor—from part numbers to costs to labor distribution—and entering the data automatically into the general ledger. Having such up-to-the-minute data allowed the company to react to customer needs and make better business decisions, and provided a basis for a future conversion to completely integrated manufacturing and management systems. By the late 1980s, regulations on liquid-paint spraying required all large manufacturing companies to convert to a high-solids paint. This was to be a costly and troublesome changeover. After researching all potential alternatives, in 1993 the company purchased and installed four powder-coating spray booths in a newly constructed paint building. The powder coating process eliminated all air pollution and hazardous waste, while increasing product appearance and durability. One of the challenges faced in the early 1990s was drawing enough workers from the surrounding area to keep up with growth. Automation was utilized to supplement the existing work force. Agri-Fab built a new 110,000-square-foot building and modernized its operations with computer-controlled assembly lines that monitored each unit by weight to determine if any parts were missing. The use of robot technology was implemented in areas such as welding, drilling and strapping to help streamline the process. Agri-Fab also installed sophisticated laser equipment, which eliminated the high cost of precision tooling for lower-volume work. As the 21st century arrived, the company faced increasing competition from overseas products. Quite often these products were almost complete copies of AF products. As this trend had been increasing in frequency and severity, the company began the initial stages of an anti-dumping petition. With help from several law firms and internal effort by AF employees, a petition was filed in June 2008. Company executives traveled to Washington, DC in July 2008 to appear before the International Trade Commission. While there was opposition to the petitions by some US competitors and Chinese manufacturers, the board voted unanimously to launch an investigation. In addition to the efforts required to move this forward, the company worked to design new, patentable products. 2008 saw the creation of the SmartSweep (trademark). This all new version of Agri-Fab's most popular product provided features no other sweeper on the market had. June 2009 saw the final hearing on the anti-dumping petition. In the hearing, both sides were allowed to make their case in front of the commissioners before the final vote. No opposing forces attended this hearing. July 15, 2009 the ITC released the results of the investigation. All six commissioners voted in favor of Agri-Fab and the domestic manufacturers of Tow Behind Lawn Groomers. Agri-Fab operates an on-site subsidized daycare center for the children of its employees, enabling families to better balance home and work. The company also donates funds to the community through many charitable organizations including area churches, hospitals, schools and foundations. Products Agri-Fab currently produces a variety of tractor attachments. Its line of groomers consists of spike aerators, plug aerators, and dethatchers. Aerators are used to loosen compacted soil and allow nutrients to be better absorbed into the soil. They also help the roots of grass to grow deeper and turf to become thicker. As far as dethatchers goes, Agri-Fab produces a variety including one that attaches to most lawn sweepers. Dethatchers are used to remove thatch, which is a layer of accumulating/slowly decomposing grass clippings, roots, grass stems, and debris that settle on the ground over time. Agri-Fab's main products, lawn sweepers, use rotating brushes to collect debris such as grass clippings, leaves, pine needles, twigs, and other debris and they are placed into a collection/hopper bag. When the bag fills, it can be emptied onto a compost pile or bagged for disposal. Agri-Fab's produces both tow and push lawn sweepers. Carts have also almost always been a major product of Agri-Fab as it produces both steel and poly carts, some of which are ATV/UTV compatible. Two other main products made by Agri-Fab are spreaders and rollers. Their spreader line consists of a variety of tow and push spreaders with a large range of capacities and a spreader that is ATV/UTV compatible. The rollers made by Agri-Fab vary in size and capacity and are made of either steel or a poly material. Other products made by Agri-Fab are ground-engaging attachments (rock rake, disc cultivator, row crop cultivator, scraper box, tow-behind tiller), an ATV/UTV compatible rough-cut mower, 15 and 25 gallon tow-behind sprayers, and a Mow-N-Vac and Chip-N-Vac (both with Briggs & Stratton engines). References External links Official Agri-Fab Website Manufacturing companies based in Illinois Garden tool manufacturers

23815253

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales%20House

Wales House

Wales House may refer to: Australia Wales House, Sydney, a heritage-listed former office building, bank building and now hotel in Sydney, New South Wales Belgium Wales House (Brussels), the National Assembly of Wales' office in Belgium United States Mary Anne Wales House, Dublin, New Hampshire, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) Wales House (Hyde Park, New York), NRHP-listed Wales (Petersburg, Virginia), a historic house and plantation, NRHP-listed North Wales (Warrenton, Virginia), a historic house and plantation, NRHP-listed

286717

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%20Olympics

1972 Olympics

1972 Olympics refers to both: 1972 Winter Olympics, which were held in Sapporo, Japan 1972 Summer Olympics, which were held in Munich, West Germany

16820336

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20J.%20Bird

Linda J. Bird

Rear Admiral Linda Jeanne Bird, SC, USN, was the first woman in the United States Navy Supply Corps promoted to flag rank. Early life Bird is a native of Auburn, Washington. Education Bird graduated from Green River Community College, Auburn, Washington, in 1971, then transferred to Western Washington University, where she earned a degree in secondary education in 1973. She earned a master's degree in inventory management in 1984 from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Navy career Bird received her navy commission through the Naval Officer Candidate School in June 1974. Her sea duty tours include stores officer and stock control officer of , and supply officer of . Her shore duty tours include assignments as director of the Navy Supply Corps Museum; food service and stock control officer of Naval Air Station, Brunswick, Maine; material and logistics officer of U.S. Navy Public Works Center, Yokosuka, Japan; Aviation Consolidated Allowance List (AVCAL) and Consolidated Shipboard Allowance List (COSAL) inventory and financial manager, Commander Naval Air Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet; director of the Systems Integrity Department, Naval Supply Center, Norfolk, Virginia; and head of the Supply Policy Branch in the Supply Programs and Policy Division (N41), Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. In 1994, Bird joined the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) as director of Navy Defense Business Operations Fund Division, and then served as director of Supply Corps Assignment/Placement Branch, Office of Supply Corps Personnel, Bureau of Naval Personnel. In March 1998, she returned to NAVSUP Headquarters as deputy commander for financial management/comptroller. In 1999, Bird was promoted to rear admiral (lower half) as the first female flag officer in the Supply Corps and was assigned as the vice commander of Naval Supply Systems Command. Bird served as director of Supply, Ordnance and Logistics Operations Division, N41, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Washington, D.C., and was nominated for the rank of rear admiral (upper half) in July 2002. Bird became commander of Defense Supply Center, Columbus in Columbus, Ohio, on July 18, 2003. As DSCC's commander, oversaw an operating budget of $2.8 billion. She also directed the functions of 2,300 associates involved in purchasing materiel, monitoring inventory levels, maintaining technical data and assuring quality conformance of more than 1.6 million spare and repair parts used by over 24,000 military units and civilian federal agencies. Bird retired November 1, 2005, after more than 31 years of service. Awards and decorations Her personal awards include the Defense Superior Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Meritorious Service Medal, Navy Achievement Medal, and various campaign and unit awards.   Defense Superior Service Medal   Legion of Merit   Meritorious Service Medal   Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal See also Women in the United States Navy References 1951 births Living people People from Auburn, Washington Western Washington University alumni Naval Postgraduate School alumni Female admirals of the United States Navy Recipients of the Legion of Merit Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal 21st-century American women

32085986

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilization%20categories

Utilization categories

In electrical engineering utilization categories are defined by IEC standards and indicate the type of electrical load and duty cycle of the loads to ease selection of contactors and relays. Definition The utilization categories category for low-voltage switchgear defines the characteristic operating conditions for switchgear such as contactors, circuit-breakers, circuit-breaker-fuse units, contactor relays, etc. These devices are dimensioned for different electrical loads and for different operating conditions. The characteristic of the load to be switched or controlled determines the requirements for the switchgear and its correct selection for the intended application. In particular, the stress on the switching path caused by current and voltage during switching on and off is of enormous importance. For example, the switch-on and switch-off current at resistance load corresponds to the continuous operating current, while, for example, squirrel cage motors consumes multiple of the rated operating current during switch-on and in the acceleration phase. Utilization categories in IEC standard Contact load in amperes for heaters (AC1) and motors (AC3) can be found directly on the contactor. The "Utilization category" are mainly categorized in IEC 60947 in the following volume: Volume 1: General requirements Volume 2: Circuit-breakers Volume 3: Circuit-breakers, circuit-breakers, switch-disconnectors and switch-fuse units Volume 4-1: Contactors and motor starters; electromechanical contactors and motor starters[1] Volume 4-2: Contactors and motor starters - Semiconductor motor controllers and starters for a.c. voltage Volume 5-1: Control apparatus and switching elements - Electromechanical control apparatus[1] Volume 6-1: Multi-function switchgear and controlgear - Mains switches (categories AC-32A/B) Volume 6-2: Multi-function switchgear and controlgear - Control and protective switchgear (CPS) Volume 7-1: Auxiliary equipment; Terminal blocks for copper conductors Volume 7-2: Ancillary equipment; protective conductor terminal blocks for copper conductors In addition, IEC/EN 61095 also defines categories for "household and similar applications". Table The following table provides an overview of the various abbreviations. Within a utilization category, the suitable size may be selected for the respective type. This depends on the rated current, the rated voltage and the electrical load to be switched. See also NEMA contact ratings References IEC standards

43328238

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Ricardo%20Formation

San Ricardo Formation

The San Ricardo Formation is a geologic formation in Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous periods. See also List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Mexico References Jurassic System of North America Upper Jurassic Series Jurassic Mexico Tithonian Stage Lower Cretaceous Series of North America Cretaceous Mexico Berriasian Stage

23583715

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waihi%20River

Waihi River

The Waihi River is a river of the south Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows southeast from its sources in the Four Peaks Range, flowing through the town of Geraldine to reach the Opihi River close to Temuka. See also List of rivers of New Zealand References Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand Rivers of New Zealand

8012688

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset%20Eliyahoo

Knesset Eliyahoo

The Knesset Eliyahoo, also Knesset Eliyahu, is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue located in downtown Mumbai, India. It is the city's second oldest Sephardic synagogue. It was established in 1884 by Jacob Elias Sassoon, son of Eliyahoo David Sassoon and grandson of David Sassoon; the latter had immigrated from Baghdad to India in 1832 due to persecution and had settled in Mumbai, then known as Bombay. It is maintained by the Jacob Sassoon Trust. The building's significance is attributed to its Jewish traditions as well as Indian and English colonial influences. It was designed by the British architectural firm Gostling & Morris of Bombay. The basement part of the edifice is built in stone masonry and the superstructure is built in brick masonry. The exterior facade of the synagogue is painted turquoise. The sanctuary within the interior of the building is in western direction, towards Jerusalem. Location Knesset Eliyahoo, an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, the second oldest Sephardic, is located in Colaba at 55, Dr. V.B. Gandhi Marg, Fort, Mumbai. The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, and Oberoi Trident are nearby. Background Prior to the arrival of Baghdadi Jews in India, the Jews residing in Bombay — the name then used for Mumbai — had settled in the towns of India, living peacefully with other communities in India. Harry D. Wall, in an interview to the New York Times, has said that among the Jews who now remain in Mumbai are a group of Jews known as Bene Jews or Bene Israel who were reportedly descendants of seven tribes of Israel who, in the 2nd century BC, were shipwrecked on India's Konkan coast while escaping persecution in the Galilee. They found that living in India, amidst a cosmopolitan community consisting of Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and, much later, Muslims, was a very cordial environment, totally free of anti-Semitic feelings. The Jewish merchant community, which played a significant role in the commercial development of then Bombay (now Mumbai), consisted of Jews from Iraq, Syria, and other Middle Eastern countries who immigrated in the late 18th century under the threat of persecution. They found the environment conducive to continuing their trade and settled in the city, becoming prosperous in business ventures such as textile mills and international trading. In 1784, the British government took over the East India Company. With this change, many business opportunities emerged in India, and Bombay in particular, encouraging immigrants to set up businesses. In 1790, one such business magnate was Shalom ben Ovadiah HaCohen, a Baghdadi Jew who had migrated from Aleppo (Halab), in Syria to Bombay; other Jewish businessmen from Baghdad, Basra, and Yemen followed him. History In 1832, David Sassoon immigrated to Bombay and established himself as a magistrate of the cotton industry. He built the Magen David Synagogue in Byculla. Mumbai in 1864; this was in addition to the older Magen Hasidim synagogue. His son, Albert Sassoon, transformed the weaving industry in Bombay. To cater to the increasing need of the Baghdadi Jews, Knesset Eliyahoo synagogue was constructed on a premium piece of land in the hub of Bombay's commercial area by Jacob Sassoon, grandson of David Sassoon, commemorating his father, Eliyahoo Sassoon. It was established in 1884. More Jews came from Bukhara, Persia, and, following the Farhud pogrom in Iraq in 1941, many more immigrants shifted to Bombay. They all used to assemble in the Knesset Eliyahoo synagogue in large numbers during festival days and on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur. On many such occasions, in view of the large crowd of devotees, overflow prayer services were held in the neighbouring Cawasjee Jehangir Public Hall. In 1985, President Giani Zail Singh visited the site to honour the centennial of the synagogue's construction. India Post issued a commemorative stamp in honour of the centennial. The first-ever terrorist attack on Jews in Mumbai occurred on 26 November 2008. Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg, who had conducted Sabbath services on the previous day and also held religious discourses at the Knesset Eliyahoo, was killed, along with his wife and a few other Jews at the Nariman House, a community center operated by Chabad. This sowed fear among the Jewish community members residing in Mumbai, and also forged a closer bond between the city's Baghdadi and Bene Israel Jews. Architecture and fittings Designed by the British architectural firm Gostling & Morris of Bombay, the building's base is of stone masonry while the superstructure is of brick masonry. The external frontage of the synagogue is painted turquoise, and the synagogue is popularly known as the Blue Synagogue of Mumbai. The synagogue was not originally blue. The synagogue was returned to its original colour of white, with bright indigo boarders during a restoration process in 2018 - 19 carried out by conservation architect Abha Narain Lambah. The inner space contains ornamented pillars, and the sanctuary faces west towards Jerusalem. The bimah (reader's platform) is bordered on both sides by ornately carved marble, over which is placed a tall, stained-glass arch that reaches the ceiling. Women worshippers sit in an upstairs gallery. The synagogue contains a number of Torah scrolls, along with silver-cased sefarim (religious books) belonging to the Sassoon family. On the ground floor, there are meeting and school rooms, and a mikveh (immersion pool). The staircase, windows, timber balconies, ceiling, walls, and roof are in need of restoration. Gallery See also Synagogues in India References Further reading Orthodox Judaism in India Orthodox synagogues Synagogues in Mumbai Sephardi Jewish culture in India Sephardi synagogues Synagogues completed in 1884 1884 establishments in India

21664178

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20Toronto%20Phantoms%20season

2001 Toronto Phantoms season

The 2001 Toronto Phantoms season is the 5th season for the franchise, their first season in Toronto. The Phantoms finished the regular season with an 8–6 record, and beat the New York Dragons in the Wild Card round of the playoffs before falling to the Nashville Kats in the Quarterfinals. Standings Regular season schedule Playoff schedule Roster References External links Toronto Phantoms Toronto Phantoms seasons Toronto Phantoms

12889165

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilex%20tiricae

Ilex tiricae

Ilex tiricae is a species of plant in the family Aquifoliaceae. It is endemic to Venezuela. References tiricae Endemic flora of Venezuela Near threatened plants Near threatened biota of South America Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

691782

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger%20beer

Ginger beer

Traditional ginger beer is a sweetened and carbonated, usually non-alcoholic beverage. Historically it was produced by the natural fermentation of prepared ginger spice, yeast and sugar. Current ginger beers are often manufactured rather than brewed, frequently with flavour and colour additives, with artificial carbonation. Ginger ales are not brewed. Ginger beer's origins date from the colonial spice trade with the Orient and the sugar-producing islands of the Caribbean. It was popular in Britain and its colonies from the 18th century. Other spices were variously added and any alcohol content was limited to 2% by excise tax laws in 1855. Few brewers have maintained an alcoholic product. Ginger beer is still produced at home using a symbiotic colony of yeast and a Lactobacillus (bacteria) known as a "ginger beer plant" or from a "ginger bug" starter created from fermenting ginger, sugar, and water. History As early as 500 BC, ginger was used as a medicine as well as for flavouring food in Ancient China and India. In the western hemisphere, ginger was used to spice up drinks. Brewed ginger beer originated in Yorkshire in England in the mid-18th century and became popular throughout Britain, the United States, Ireland, South Africa and Canada, reaching a peak of popularity in the early 20th century. Production Alcoholic ginger beer Brewed ginger beer originated in the UK, but is sold worldwide. Crabbie's is a popular brand in the UK. It is usually labelled "alcoholic ginger beer" to distinguish it from the more established commercial ginger beers, which are often not brewed using fermentation but carbonated with pressurized carbon dioxide, though traditional non-alcoholic ginger beer may also be produced by brewing. Ginger beer plant Ginger beer plant (GBP), a form of fermentation starter, is used to create the fermentation process. Also known as "bees wine", "Palestinian bees", "Californian bees", and "balm of Gilead", it is not a plant but a composite organism comprising the yeast Saccharomyces florentinus (formerly S. pyriformis) and the bacterium Lactobacillus hilgardii (formerly Brevibacterium vermiforme), which form a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). It forms a gelatinous substance that allows it to be easily transferred from one fermenting substrate to the next, much like kefir grains, kombucha, and tibicos. The GBP was first described by Harry Marshall Ward in 1892, from samples he received in 1887. Original ginger beer is brewed by leaving water, sugar, ginger, optional ingredients such as lemon juice and cream of tartar, and GBP to ferment for several days, converting some of the sugar into alcohol. GBP may be obtained from several commercial sources. Until about 2008 laboratory-grade GBP was available only from the yeast bank Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen in Germany (catalogue number DMS 2484), but the item is no longer listed. The National Collection of Yeast Cultures (NCYC) had an old sample of "Bees wine" , but current staff have not used it, and NCYC are unable to supply it for safety reasons, as the exact composition of the sample is unknown. In the UK, the origins of the original ginger beer plant is unknown. When a batch of ginger beer was made using some ginger beer "plant" (GBP), the jelly-like residue was also bottled and became the new GBP. Some of this GBP was kept for making the next batch of ginger beer, and some was given to friends and family, so the plant was passed on through generations. Following Ward's research and experiments, he created his own ginger beer from a new plant that he had made, and he proposed, but did not prove, that the plant was created by contaminants found on the raw materials, with the yeast coming from the raw brown sugar and the bacteria coming from the ginger root. Yeast starter An alternative method of instigating fermentation is using a ginger beer starter, often called a "ginger bug", which can be made by fermenting a mixture of water, brewer's or baker's yeast (not the SCOBY described above), ginger, and sugar. This is kept for a week or longer, with sugar regularly added, e.g., daily, to increase alcohol content. More ginger may also be added. When finished, this concentrated mix is strained, diluted with water and lemon juice, and bottled. This is the process used by some commercial ginger beer makers. Ginger beer made from a yeast-based starter is reported to not have the same taste or mouth feel as that made with ginger beer plant. The near-complete loss of the ginger beer plant is likely due to the decrease in home brewing and the increased commercial production of ginger beer in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Large-scale breweries favoured the use of yeast, as used in conventional beer-making, because of ease for scaled production. Ginger beer soft drink Non-alcoholic ginger beer is a type of carbonated soft drink flavoured with ginger. An example is Stoney, a product of The Coca-Cola Company widely sold in southern and eastern Africa. Fentimans ginger beer from the United Kingdom is an example of a non-alcoholic ginger beer that is produced by fermentation. Mixed drinks The ginger beer soft drink may be mixed with beer (usually a British ale of some sort) to make one type of shandy, or with dark rum to make a drink, originally from Bermuda, called a Dark 'N' Stormy. It is the main ingredient in the Moscow Mule cocktail, though ginger ale may be substituted when ginger beer is unavailable. See also Ginger ale Crabbie's Root beer Barritt's Ginger Beer Sockerdricka Caribbean cuisine Ginger wine Canton (liqueur) Socată List of soft drink flavors Donoghue v. Stevenson, legal case involving ginger beer References External links Of the Street Sale of Ginger-Beer, Sherbet, Lemonade,&C., from London Labour and the London Poor, Volume 1, Henry Mayhew, 1851; subsequent pages cover the costs and income of street ginger beer sellers. http://www.scienceinschool.org/sites/default/files/issuePdf/issue8.pdf Fermented drinks Types of beer Beer Soft drinks Jamaican cuisine Yorkshire cuisine Cuisine of the Ionian Islands Ginger soda Guyanese cuisine

35805489

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernle%20Haisley

Ernle Haisley

Ernest Leighton "Ernle" Haisley (born 20 June 1937) is a Jamaican former high jumper who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics. In 1956 Haisley took part in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. He reached a height of 1.96 metres in the final, placing him 15th. Haisley represented Jamaica at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games winning gold in the high jump with a height of 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m). This remained the Commonwealth Games high jump record until 1962. In the following year, he represented British West Indies at the 1959 Pan American Games, winning bronze with a height of 2.00 metres. His final success in major competition was at the Athletics at the 1962 Central American and Caribbean Games in Kingston, Jamaica, where he won bronze with a height of 1.94 metres. References 1937 births Living people People from Saint Catherine Parish Jamaican male high jumpers Olympic athletes of Jamaica Athletes (track and field) at the 1956 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Jamaica Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics Athletes (track and field) at the 1959 Pan American Games Pan American Games bronze medalists for the British West Indies Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field) Medalists at the 1959 Pan American Games Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in athletics Central American and Caribbean Games bronze medalists for Jamaica Competitors at the 1962 Central American and Caribbean Games

9289541

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine%20Hornyak

Augustine Hornyak

Augustine Eugene Hornyak, OSBM (1919–2003) was the first Apostolic Exarch of the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in Great Britain. He was one of the few English and Ukrainian bishops to attend the Second Vatican Council. Early life Bishop Hornyak was born on 7 October 1919 in Kucura, Voivodina in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1940, Bishop Dionisije Njaradi persuaded Hornyak to train for the priesthood and, in 1940, Hornyak was sent by the bishop to study in Rome, at the Pontifical Ruthenian College of St. Josaphat's. Priesthood Hornyak was ordained as a priest by Bishop Ivan Buchko on 25 March 1945. Because Hornyak was unable to return to Yugoslavia, he continued his studies at Propaganda Fide University, obtaining postgraduate degrees in Canon Law and Theology. Following advice from Bishop Narjadi and Daniel Ivancho, he served the Ruthenian Eparchy of Pittsburgh as a priest and as professor Canon Law and Sacred Theology. In 1956, Hornyak entered the Order of St Basil the Great. He made his Solemn Profession of Monastic Vows in 1960. He died on 16 November 2003 in London, but buried in his place of birth Kucura in Serbia. See also Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church External links GCatholic.org information Independent Catholic News article about Bishop Hornyak's death Information page about Bishop Hornyak from the St Nicholas Ukrainian Catholic Church website Obituary of Bishop Hornyak from Times Online 1919 births 2003 deaths Bishops of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church British Eastern Catholics British people of Ukrainian descent Order of Saint Basil the Great Participants in the Second Vatican Council Roman Catholic bishops in Yugoslavia Eastern Catholic bishops in the United Kingdom

2619011

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate-measuring%20machine

Coordinate-measuring machine

A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a device that measures the geometry of physical objects by sensing discrete points on the surface of the object with a probe. Various types of probes are used in CMMs, including mechanical, optical, laser, and white light. Depending on the machine, the probe position may be manually controlled by an operator or it may be computer controlled. CMMs typically specify a probe's position in terms of its displacement from a reference position in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system (i.e., with XYZ axes). In addition to moving the probe along the X, Y, and Z axes, many machines also allow the probe angle to be controlled to allow measurement of surfaces that would otherwise be unreachable. Description The typical 3D "bridge" CMM allows probe movement along three axes, X, Y and Z, which are orthogonal to each other in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Each axis has a sensor that monitors the position of the probe on that axis, typically with micrometer precision. When the probe contacts (or otherwise detects) a particular location on the object, the machine samples the three position sensors, thus measuring the location of one point on the object's surface, as well as the 3-dimensional vector of the measurement taken. This process is repeated as necessary, moving the probe each time, to produce a "point cloud" which describes the surface areas of interest. A common use of CMMs is in manufacturing and assembly processes to test a part or assembly against the design intent. In such applications, point clouds are generated which are analysed via regression algorithms for the construction of features. These points are collected by using a probe that is positioned manually by an operator or automatically via Direct Computer Control (DCC). DCC CMMs can be programmed to repeatedly measure identical parts; thus an automated CMM is a specialized form of industrial robot. Technical facts Parts Coordinate-measuring machines include three main components: The main structure which includes three axes of motion. The material used to construct the moving frame has varied over the years. Granite and steel were used in the early CMM's. Today all the major CMM manufacturers build frames from aluminium alloy or some derivative and also use ceramic to increase the stiffness of the Z axis for scanning applications. Few CMM builders today still manufacture granite frame CMM due to market requirement for improved metrology dynamics and increasing trend to install CMM outside of the quality lab. Typically only low volume CMM builders and domestic manufacturers in China and India are still manufacturing granite CMM due to low technology approach and easy entry to become a CMM frame builder. The increasing trend towards scanning also requires the CMM Z axis to be stiffer and new materials have been introduced such as ceramic and silicon carbide. Probing system Data collection and reduction system — typically includes a machine controller, desktop computer and application software. Availability These machines can be free-standing, handheld and portable. Accuracy The accuracy of coordinate measurement machines are typically given as an uncertainty factor as a function over distance. For a CMM using a touch probe, this relates to the repeatability of the probe and the accuracy of the linear scales. Typical probe repeatability can result in measurements of within .001mm or .00005 inch (half a tenth) over the entire measurement volume. For 3, 3+2, and 5 axis machines, probes are routinely calibrated using traceable standards and the machine movement is verified using gauges to ensure accuracy. Specific parts Machine body The first CMM was developed by the Ferranti Company of Scotland in the 1950s as the result of a direct need to measure precision components in their military products, although this machine only had 2 axes. The first 3-axis models began appearing in the 1960s (DEA of Italy) and computer control debuted in the early 1970s but the first working CMM was developed and put on sale by Browne & Sharpe in Melbourne, England. (Leitz Germany subsequently produced a fixed machine structure with moving table. In modern machines, the gantry-type superstructure has two legs and is often called a bridge. This moves freely along the granite table with one leg (often referred to as the inside leg) following a guide rail attached to one side of the granite table. The opposite leg (often outside leg) simply rests on the granite table following the vertical surface contour. Air bearings are the chosen method for ensuring friction free travel. In these, compressed air is forced through a series of very small holes in a flat bearing surface to provide a smooth but controlled air cushion on which the CMM can move in a near frictionless manner which can be compensated for through software. The movement of the bridge or gantry along the granite table forms one axis of the XY plane. The bridge of the gantry contains a carriage which traverses between the inside and outside legs and forms the other X or Y horizontal axis. The third axis of movement (Z axis) is provided by the addition of a vertical quill or spindle which moves up and down through the center of the carriage. The touch probe forms the sensing device on the end of the quill. The movement of the X, Y and Z axes fully describes the measuring envelope. Optional rotary tables can be used to enhance the approachability of the measuring probe to complicated workpieces. The rotary table as a fourth drive axis does not enhance the measuring dimensions, which remain 3D, but it does provide a degree of flexibility. Some touch probes are themselves powered rotary devices with the probe tip able to swivel vertically through more than 180 degrees and through a full 360 degree rotation. CMMs are now also available in a variety of other forms. These include CMM arms that use angular measurements taken at the joints of the arm to calculate the position of the stylus tip, and can be outfitted with probes for laser scanning and optical imaging. Such arm CMMs are often used where their portability is an advantage over traditional fixed bed CMMs- by storing measured locations, programming software also allows moving the measuring arm itself, and its measurement volume, around the part to be measured during a measurement routine. Because CMM arms imitate the flexibility of a human arm they are also often able to reach the insides of complex parts that could not be probed using a standard three axis machine. Mechanical probe In the early days of coordinate measurement (CMM), mechanical probes were fitted into a special holder on the end of the quill. A very common probe was made by soldering a hard ball to the end of a shaft. This was ideal for measuring a whole range of flat face, cylindrical or spherical surfaces. Other probes were ground to specific shapes, for example a quadrant, to enable measurement of special features. These probes were physically held against the workpiece with the position in space being read from a 3-axis digital readout (DRO) or, in more advanced systems, being logged into a computer by means of a footswitch or similar device. Measurements taken by this contact method were often unreliable as machines were moved by hand and each machine operator applied different amounts of pressure on the probe or adopted differing techniques for the measurement. A further development was the addition of motors for driving each axis. Operators no longer had to physically touch the machine but could drive each axis using a handbox with joysticks in much the same way as with modern remote controlled cars. Measurement accuracy and precision improved dramatically with the invention of the electronic touch trigger probe. The pioneer of this new probe device was David McMurtry who subsequently formed what is now Renishaw plc. Although still a contact device, the probe had a spring-loaded steel ball (later ruby ball) stylus. As the probe touched the surface of the component the stylus deflected and simultaneously sent the X,Y,Z coordinate information to the computer. Measurement errors caused by individual operators became fewer and the stage was set for the introduction of CNC operations and the coming of age of CMMs. Optical probes are lens-CCD-systems, which are moved like the mechanical ones, and are aimed at the point of interest, instead of touching the material. The captured image of the surface will be enclosed in the borders of a measuring window, until the residue is adequate to contrast between black and white zones. The dividing curve can be calculated to a point, which is the wanted measuring point in space. The horizontal information on the CCD is 2D (XY) and the vertical position is the position of the complete probing system on the stand Z-drive (or other device component). Scanning probe systems There are newer models that have probes that drag along the surface of the part taking points at specified intervals, known as scanning probes. This method of CMM inspection is often more accurate than the conventional touch-probe method and most times faster as well. The next generation of scanning, known as noncontact scanning, which includes high speed laser single point triangulation, laser line scanning, and white light scanning, is advancing very quickly. This method uses either laser beams or white light that are projected against the surface of the part. Many thousands of points can then be taken and used not only to check size and position, but to create a 3D image of the part as well. This "point-cloud data" can then be transferred to CAD software to create a working 3D model of the part. These optical scanners are often used on soft or delicate parts or to facilitate reverse engineering. Micrometrology probes Probing systems for microscale metrology applications are another emerging area. There are several commercially available coordinate measuring machines (CMM) that have a microprobe integrated into the system, several specialty systems at government laboratories, and any number of university-built metrology platforms for microscale metrology. Although these machines are good and in many cases excellent metrology platforms with nanometric scales, their primary limitation is a reliable, robust, capable micro/nano probe. Challenges for microscale probing technologies include the need for a high aspect ratio probe giving the ability to access deep, narrow features with low contact forces so as to not damage the surface and high precision (nanometer level). Additionally microscale probes are susceptible to environmental conditions such as humidity and surface interactions such as stiction (caused by adhesion, meniscus, and/or Van der Waals forces among others). Technologies to achieve microscale probing include scaled down version of classical CMM probes, optical probes, and a standing wave probe among others. However, current optical technologies cannot be scaled small enough to measure deep, narrow feature, and optical resolution is limited by the wavelength of light. X-ray imaging provides a picture of the feature but no traceable metrology information. Physical principles Optical probes and/or laser probes can be used (if possible in combination), which change CMMs to measuring microscopes or multi-sensor measuring machines. Fringe projection systems, theodolite triangulation systems or laser distant and triangulation systems are not called measuring machines, but the measuring result is the same: a space point. Laser probes are used to detect the distance between the surface and the reference point on the end of the kinematic chain (i.e.: end of the Z-drive component). This can use an interferometrical function, focus variation, light deflection or a beam shadowing principle. Portable coordinate-measuring machines Whereas traditional CMMs use a probe that moves on three Cartesian axes to measure an object’s physical characteristics, portable CMMs use either articulated arms or, in the case of optical CMMs, arm-free scanning systems that use optical triangulation methods and enable total freedom of movement around the object. Portable CMMs with articulated arms have six or seven axes that are equipped with rotary encoders, instead of linear axes. Portable arms are lightweight (typically less than 20 pounds) and can be carried and used nearly anywhere. However, optical CMMs are increasingly being used in the industry. Designed with compact linear or matrix array cameras (like the Microsoft Kinect), optical CMMs are smaller than portable CMMs with arms, feature no wires, and enable users to easily take 3D measurements of all types of objects located almost anywhere. Certain nonrepetitive applications such as reverse engineering, rapid prototyping, and large-scale inspection of parts of all sizes are ideally suited for portable CMMs. The benefits of portable CMMs are multifold. Users have the flexibility in taking 3D measurements of all types of parts and in the most remote/difficult locations. They are easy to use and do not require a controlled environment to take accurate measurements. Moreover, portable CMMs tend to cost less than traditional CMMs. The inherent trade-offs of portable CMMs are manual operation (they always require a human to use them). In addition, their overall accuracy can be somewhat less accurate than that of a bridge type CMM and is less suitable for some applications. Multisensor-measuring machines Traditional CMM technology using touch probes is today often combined with other measurement technology. This includes laser, video or white light sensors to provide what is known as multisensor measurement. Standardization To verify the performance of a coordinate measurement machine, the ISO 10360 series is available. This series of standards define the characteristics of the probing system and the length measurement error: PForm: probing deviation when measuring the form of a sphere PSize: probing deviation when measuring the size of a sphere EUni: deviation of measuring length on spheres from one direction EBi: deviation of measuring length on spheres from left and right The ISO 10360 series consists of the following parts: ISO 10360-1 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM) -- Part 1: Vocabulary ISO 10360-2 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM) -- Part 2: CMMs used for measuring linear dimensions ISO 10360-7 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring machines (CMM) -- Part 7: CMMs equipped with imaging probing systems ISO 10360-8 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate measuring systems (CMS) -- Part 8: CMMs with optical distance sensors See also Universal measuring machine 3D scanner References Industrial machinery Measuring instruments Metrology Metalworking measuring instruments Dimensional instruments

59318265

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlastibo%C5%99

Vlastiboř

Vlastiboř may refer to the following places: Vlastiboř (Jablonec nad Nisou District), a village in Jablonec nad Nisou District, Czech Republic Vlastiboř (Tábor District), a village in Tábor District, Czech Republic

27170789

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.%20Donald%20Shields

L. Donald Shields

Loran Donald Shields (born September 18, 1936) is an American academic. He was the President of California State University, Fullerton from 1971 to 1980, and of Southern Methodist University from 1980 to 1986. Biography Loran Donald Shields was born on September 18, 1936 in San Diego, California. He received a B.A. in chemistry from the University of California, Riverside, and a PhD from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1964. From 1963 to 1967, he taught in the Chemistry Department at California State University, Fullerton, at which time he became Vice-President for Administration. Shields is the coauthor with Robert L. Pecsok, Thomas Cairns, and Ian G. McWilliam of the book Modern Methods of Analytical Chemistry (), which was published in 1976. He served as the President of California State University, Fullerton from 1971 to 1980, until he took on the presidency of Southern Methodist University. He resigned in 1986 because of health issues, at the time of the Southern Methodist University football scandal. At the time of his appointment to the presidency of California State University, Fullerton, he was the youngest president of a public college or university in the United States. In 1974, President Gerald Ford appointed him to the National Science Board. He served on the National Science Board from 1974-1980. In 1989, he became the executive director of the California Council on Science and Technology, and remained in that position until 1995. He also served on the board of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement from 1983 to 1986, and on the National Commission for Cooperative Education. References Living people 1936 births People from San Diego University of California, Riverside alumni University of California, Los Angeles alumni California State University, Fullerton faculty Presidents of Southern Methodist University 21st-century American chemists

21942574

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPACK

ARPACK

ARPACK, the ARnoldi PACKage, is a numerical software library written in FORTRAN 77 for solving large scale eigenvalue problems in the matrix-free fashion. The package is designed to compute a few eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of large sparse or structured matrices, using the Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi Method (IRAM) or, in the case of symmetric matrices, the corresponding variant of the Lanczos algorithm. It is used by many popular numerical computing environments such as SciPy, Mathematica, GNU Octave and MATLAB to provide this functionality. Reverse Communication Interface A powerful matrix-free feature of ARPACK is its ability to use any matrix storage format. This is possible because it doesn't operate on the matrices directly, but instead when a matrix operation is required it returns control to the calling program with a flag indicating what operation is required. The calling program must then perform the operation and call the ARPACK routine again to continue. The operations are typically matrix-vector products, and solving linear systems. Fork Due to stalled upstream development, ARPAСK has been forked into ARPACK-NG, as a form of a collaborative effort of the various groups that rely on ARPACK. See also LOBPCG, a different matrix-free method for symmetric or Hermitian matrices only, implemented in C in BLOPEX, ported to hypre and SLEPc, in C++ in Anasazi (Trilinos), in Python in scipy, in Julia language, MATLAB, GNU Octave, as well as in Matrix Algebra on GPU and Multicore Architectures (MAGMA) and NVIDIA CUDA. LAPACK, software library based on matrix transformations for dense matrices. References External links at Rice University arpack-ng fork, joint effort between Scilab, GNU Octave, Debian, and others. Fortran libraries Free software programmed in Fortran Numerical software Software using the BSD license

30472584

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav%20coup%20d%27%C3%A9tat

Yugoslav coup d'état

The Yugoslav coup d'état took place on 27 March 1941 in Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, when the regency led by Prince Paul of Yugoslavia was overthrown and King Peter II fully assumed power. It was planned and conducted by a group of pro-Western Serbian-nationalist Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force officers formally led by its commander, General Dušan Simović, who had been associated with several putsch plots from 1938 onwards. Brigadier General of Military Aviation Borivoje Mirković, Major Živan Knežević of the Yugoslav Royal Guards, and his brother Radoje Knežević were the main organisers in the overthrow of the government. In addition to Radoje Knežević, some other civilian leaders were probably aware of the takeover before it was launched and moved to support it once it occurred, but they were not among the organisers. Peter II was surprised by the coup, and heard of his coming of age for the first time on the radio. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia played no part in the coup, although it made a significant contribution to the mass street protests in many cities that signalled popular support for it once it had occurred. The putsch was successful and deposed the three-member regency: Prince Paul, Radenko Stanković and Ivo Perović, and the government of Prime Minister Dragiša Cvetković. Two days prior to its ousting, the Cvetković government had signed the Vienna Protocol on the Accession of Yugoslavia to the Tripartite Pact (Axis). The coup had been planned for several months, but the signing of the Tripartite Pact spurred the organisers to carry it out, encouraged by the British Special Operations Executive. The military conspirators brought to power the 17-year-old King Peter II, whom they declared to be of age to assume the throne, and a weak and divided government of national unity was formed with Simović as prime minister and Vladko Maček and Slobodan Jovanović as his vice-premiers. The coup led directly to the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia. The importance of the putsch and subsequent invasion in delaying Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, is still open to debate. In 1972 military historian Martin van Creveld dismissed the idea affirming that the invasion of Yugoslavia actually assisted and hastened the overall Balkan campaign, and that other factors determined the start date for Operation Barbarossa, however recent findings by Profs. Craig Stockings and Hancock have led them to conclude that Operation 25, (the invasion of Yugoslavia) did somewhat contribute to delay the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Background The Kingdom of Yugoslavia, formed in 1918 under the name Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, incorporated diverse national and religious groups with varied historical backgrounds. These included Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Montenegrins, Bosnian Muslims, Macedonians and Albanians, among others. Each of these national groups was strongly associated with one of the three dominant religions: the Serbian Orthodox Church (Serbs, Montenegrins and Macedonians); the Catholic Church (Croats and Slovenes); and Islam (Bosnian Muslims and Albanians). The religious diversity deepened the divisions within Yugoslav society. Serbs and Montenegrins made up 38.8 per cent of the population, Croats contributed 23.9 per cent, Slovenes 8.5 per cent, Bosnian Muslims 6.3 per cent, Macedonians 5.3 per cent, and Albanians 4 per cent. According to economics professor and historian Jozo Tomasevich, Yugoslavia was politically weak from the moment of its creation and remained so during the interwar period mainly due to a "rigid system of centralism" imposed by the Serbian-friendly Vidovdan Constitution, the aforementioned strong association between each national group and its dominant religion, and uneven economic development. In particular, the religious primacy of the Serbian Orthodox Church in national affairs and discrimination against Catholics and Muslims compounded the dissatisfaction of the non-Serbian population with the Serbian-dominated ruling groups that controlled patronage and government appointments, and treated non-Serbs as second-class citizens. This centralised system arose from Serbian military strength and Croatian intransigence, and was sustained by Croatian disengagement, Serbian overrepresentation, corruption, and a lack of discipline within political parties. This state of affairs was initially maintained by subverting the democratic system of government through political bribery. The domination of the rest of Yugoslavia by Serbian ruling elites meant that the country was never consolidated in the political sense, and was therefore never able to address the social and economic challenges it faced. Political scientist Professor Sabrina P. Ramet sees the dysfunctionality and lack of legitimacy of the regime as the reasons why the kingdom's internal politics became ethnically polarised, a phenomenon that has been referred to as the "national question" in Yugoslavia. Failures to establish the rule of law, to protect individual rights, to build tolerance and equality, and to guarantee the neutrality of the state in matters relating to religion, language and culture contributed to this illegitimacy and the resulting instability. In 1929, democracy was abandoned and a royal dictatorship was established by King Alexander, who attempted to break down the ethnic divisions in the country through various means, including creating administrative divisions () based on rivers rather than traditional regions. There was significant opposition to this move, with Serbian and Slovene opposition parties and figures advocating the division of Yugoslavia into six ethnically-based administrative units. By 1933, discontent in the largely Croatian-populated Sava Banovina had developed into full-blown civil disorder, which the regime countered with a series of assassinations, attempted assassinations and arrests of key Croatian opposition figures including the leader of the Croatian Peasant Party (, HSS) Vladko Maček. When Alexander was assassinated in Marseilles in 1934 by a Bulgarian assassin with links to the Croatian ultranationalists, the Ustaše, his cousin Prince Paul headed a triumvirate regency whose other members were the senator Radenko Stanković and the governor of the Sava Banovina, Ivo Perović. The regency ruled on behalf of Alexander's 11-year-old son, Prince Peter, but the important member of the regency was Prince Paul. Although Prince Paul was more liberal than his cousin, the dictatorship continued uninterrupted. The dictatorship had allowed the country to follow a consistent foreign policy, but Yugoslavia needed peace at home in order to assure peace with its neighbours, all of whom had irredentist designs on its territory. Yugoslav foreign policy during the interwar period From 1921, the country had negotiated the Little Entente with Romania and Czechoslovakia in the face of Hungarian designs on its territory, and after a decade of bilateral treaties, had formalised the arrangements in 1933. This had been followed the next year by the Balkan Entente of Yugoslavia, Greece, Romania and Turkey, aimed at thwarting Bulgarian aspirations. Throughout this period, the Yugoslav government had sought to remain good friends with France, seeing her as a guarantor of European peace treaties. This was formalised through a treaty of friendship signed in 1927. With these arrangements in place, Italy posed the biggest problem for Yugoslavia, funding the anti-Yugoslav Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation which promoted Bulgarian irredentism. Attempts by King Alexander to negotiate with Benito Mussolini fell on deaf ears, and after Alexander's assassination, nothing of note happened on that front until 1937. In the aftermath of Alexander's assassination, Yugoslavia was isolated both militarily and diplomatically, and reached out to France to assist its bilateral relationship with Italy. With the appointment of Milan Stojadinović as Prime Minister in 1935, Germany and Yugoslavia became more closely aligned. The trade relationship between the two countries also developed considerably, and Germany became Yugoslavia's most important trading partner. Cvetković–Maček Agreement Prince Paul recognised the lack of national solidarity and political weakness of his country, and after he assumed power he made repeated attempts to negotiate a political settlement with Maček, the leader of the dominant Croatian political party in Yugoslavia, the HSS. In January 1937, Stojadinović met with Maček at Prince Paul's request, but Stojadinović was unwilling or unable to grapple with the issue of Croatian dissatisfaction with a Yugoslavia dominated by the Serbian ruling class. In 1938, the Anschluss brought the Third Reich to the borders of Yugoslavia, and early elections were held in December. In this background, the Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force (VVKJ) commander, General Dušan Simović, had been involved in two coup plots in early 1938 driven by Serbian opposition to the Concordat with the Vatican, and another coup plot following the December election. In the December 1938 elections, the United Opposition led by Maček had attracted 44.9 per cent of the vote, but due to the electoral rules by which the government parties received 40 per cent of the seats in the National Assembly before votes were counted, the opposition vote only translated into 67 seats out of a total of 373. On 3 February 1939, the Minister of Education, Bogoljub Kujundžić, made a nationalist speech in the Assembly in which he stated that "Serb policies will always be the policies of this house and this government." Head of the Yugoslav Muslim Organization (JMO) Mehmed Spaho asked Stojadinović to disavow the statement, but he did not. At the behest of the Senate leader, the Slovene Anton Korošec, that evening five ministers resigned from the government, including Korošec. The others were Spaho, another JMO politician Džafer Kulenović, the Slovene Franc Snoj, and the Serb Dragiša Cvetković. Stojadinović sought authority from Prince Paul to form a new cabinet, but Korošec as head of the Senate advised the prince to form a new government under Cvetković. Prince Paul dismissed Stojadinović and appointed Cvetković in his place, with a direction that he reach an agreement with Maček. While these negotiations were ongoing, Italy invaded Albania, Yugoslavia's southern neighbour. In August 1939, the Cvetković–Maček Agreement was concluded to create the Banovina of Croatia, which was to be a relatively autonomous political unit within Yugoslavia. Separatist Croats considered the Agreement did not go far enough, and many Serbs believed it went too far in giving power to Croats. The Cvetković-led cabinet formed in the wake of the Agreement was resolutely anti-Axis, but remained on friendly terms with Germany, and included five members of the HSS, with Maček as deputy Prime Minister. General Milan Nedić was Minister of the Army and Navy. After the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, German pressure on the government resulted in the resignation in mid-1940 of the Minister of the Interior, Stanoje Mihaldžić, who had been organising covert anti-Axis activities. In October 1940, Simović was again approached by plotters planning a coup but he was non-committal. From the outbreak of war British diplomacy focused on keeping Yugoslavia neutral, which the Ambassador Ronald Campbell apparently still believed possible. Pressure builds By the time of the German invasion of Poland and subsequent outbreak of war in September 1939, the Yugoslav Intelligence Service was cooperating with British intelligence agencies on a large scale across the country. This cooperation, which had existed to a lesser extent during the early 1930s, intensified after the Anschluss. These combined intelligence operations were aimed at strengthening Yugoslavia and keeping her neutral while encouraging covert activities. In mid to late 1940, British intelligence became aware of coup plotting, but managed to side-track the plans, preferring to continue working through Prince Paul. The Special Operations Executive (SOE) office in Belgrade went to significant lengths to support the opposition to the anti-Axis Cvetković government, which undermined the hard-won balance in Yugoslav politics that that government represented. SOE Belgrade was entangled with pro-Serbian policies and interests, and disregarded or underestimated warnings from SOE and British diplomats in Zagreb, who better understood the situation in Yugoslavia as a whole. Yugoslavia's situation worsened in October 1940 when Italy invaded Greece from Albania, and the initial failure of the Italians to make headway only increased Yugoslav apprehension that Germany would be forced to help Italy. In September and November 1940 respectively, Germany forced the Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of Romania to accede to the Tripartite Pact. In early November 1940, following the Italian invasion of Greece, Nedić, stated in a memorandum to Prince Paul and the government, that he believed that Yugoslavia was about to be fully encircled by enemy countries and that ultimately Germany would win the war. Nedić proposed to the government that it abandon its neutral stance and join the Axis as soon as possible in the thinking that joining the Axis would protect Yugoslavia against its "greedy neighbors". A few days later Prince Paul, having realised the impossibility of following Nedić's advice, replaced him with the ageing and compliant General Petar Pešić. At the same time, Hitler, recalling Serbia's excellent military performance in the Balkan Wars and World War I, was concerned that the Yugoslav army was strong, and defeating it would necessitate the expenditure of considerable effort. Despite this, he remained concerned about the threat to the southern flank of his planned invasion of the Soviet Union posed by Greece and Yugoslavia, and aimed for a political resolution of Yugoslavia's status. On 12 December 1940, at the initiative of the Prime Minister of Hungary, Count Pál Teleki, Hungary concluded a friendship and non-aggression treaty with Yugoslavia. Although the concept had received support from both Germany and Italy, the actual signing of the treaty did not. Germany's planned invasion of Greece would be simplified if Yugoslavia could be neutralised. Over the next few months, Prince Paul and his ministers laboured under overwhelming diplomatic pressure, a threat of an attack by the Germans from Bulgarian territory, and the unwillingness of the British to promise practical military support. Six months prior to the coup, British policy towards the government of Yugoslavia had shifted from acceptance of Yugoslav neutrality to pressuring the country for support in the war against Germany. On 23 January 1941, William Donovan, a special emissary of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, visited Belgrade and issued an ultimatum, saying that if Yugoslavia permitted German troop passage then the US would not "interfere on her behalf" at peace talks. Around the same time, suspicious of Prince Paul's actions, the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, ordered British intelligence services to establish contacts with anti-regime groups in Belgrade. On 14 February, Adolf Hitler met with Cvetković and his foreign minister and requested Yugoslavia's accession to the Tripartite Pact. He pushed for the demobilisation of the Royal Yugoslav Army—there had been a partial "reactivation" (a euphemism for mobilisation) in Macedonia and parts of Serbia, probably directed at the Italians. Hitler also pressed the Yugoslavs to permit the transportation of German supplies through Yugoslavia's territory, along with greater economic cooperation. In exchange he offered a port near the Aegean Sea and territorial security. On 17 February, Bulgaria and Turkey signed an agreement of friendship and non-aggression, which effectively destroyed attempts to create a neutral Balkan bloc. Prince Paul denounced the agreement and the Bulgarians, describing their actions as "perfidy". On 18 and 23 February, Prince Paul told the US Ambassador Arthur Lane that Yugoslavia would not engage the German military if they entered Bulgaria. He explained that to do so would be wrongful and that it would not be understood by the Slovenes and Croats. On 1 March, Yugoslavia was further isolated when Bulgaria signed the Pact and the German army arrived at the Bulgarian-Yugoslav border. On 4 March, Prince Paul secretly met with Hitler in Berchtesgaden and was again pressured to sign the Pact. Hitler did not request troop passage through Yugoslavia and offered the Greek city of Salonika. A time limit for Prince Paul, who was uncommitted and "wavering", was not set. Prince Paul, in the middle of a cabinet crisis, offered a nonaggression pact and a declaration of friendship, but Hitler insisted on his proposals. Prince Paul warned that "I fear that if I follow your advice and sign the Tripartite Pact I shall no longer be here in six months." On 8 March, Franz Halder, the German Chief of the Army General Staff, expressed his expectation that the Yugoslavs would sign if German troops did not cross their border. During March, secret treaty negotiations commenced in Moscow between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, represented respectively by the Yugoslav ambassador, Milan Gavrilović, and the Soviet People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, Vyacheslav Molotov. According to General Pavel Sudoplatov, who was at the time the deputy chief of special operations for the NKVD, the Soviet internal affairs ministry, Gavrilović was a fully recruited Soviet agent, but Sudoplatov states that they knew that Gavrilović also had ties with the British. The Yugoslavs initially sought a military alliance, but this was rejected by the Soviet side, as they were already bound by the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact which guaranteed non-belligerence with Germany. On 17 March, Prince Paul returned to Berchtesgaden and was told by Hitler that it was his last chance for Yugoslavia to join the Pact, renouncing this time the request for the use of Yugoslav railways in order to facilitate their accession. Two days later, Prince Paul convened a Crown Council to discuss the terms of the Pact and whether Yugoslavia should sign it. The council's members were willing to agree, but only under the condition that Germany let its concessions be made public. Germany agreed and the Council approved the terms. Three cabinet ministers resigned on 20 March in protest of the impending signing of the Pact. These were the Minister of the Interior, Srđan Budisavljević; the Minister of Agriculture, Branko Cubrilović; and the Minister without Portfolio, Mihailo Konstantinović. The British were friendly with Budisavljević, and his resignation at British urging precipitated the resignations of the other two. The Germans reacted by imposing an ultimatum to accept by midnight 23 March or forfeit any further chances. Prince Paul and Cvetković obliged and accepted, despite believing German promises were "worthless". On 23 March, Germany's guarantee of Yugoslavia's territorial security and its promise not to use its railroads were publicised. In the United Kingdom, Alexander Cadogan, the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, penned in his diary that the "Yugoslavs seem to have sold their souls to the Devil. All these Balkan peoples are trash." Yugoslavia signs the Tripartite Pact On 25 March, the pact was signed at the Belvedere palace in Vienna. An official banquet was held which Hitler complained felt like a funeral party. German radio later announced that "the Axis Powers would not demand the right of passage of troops or war materials," while the official document mentioned only troops and omitted mention of war materials. Likewise the pledge to give Salonika to Yugoslavia does not appear on the document. In Athens, Allied planners were dismayed by the Yugoslav signing of the Pact, as it represented a "worst case scenario" for the defence of Greece. On the following day, Serbian demonstrators gathered on the streets of Belgrade shouting "Better the grave than a slave, better a war than the pact" (). Development of the coup The coup was executed at 2:15 am on 27 March. It was planned by a group of VVKJ officers in Zemun, and Royal Guard officers in nearby Belgrade. The only senior officers involved were from the air force. Under the supervision of the VVKJ deputy commander Borivoje Mirković, headquartered at the VVKJ base at Zemun, officers assumed control of critical buildings and locations in the early hours of 27 March, including: the Zemun VVKJ base (Colonel Dragutin Savić) the bridges over the Sava between Zemun and Belgrade (Colonel Dragutin Dimić) the City Administration, Police Directorate and the Belgrade radio station (Colonel Stjepan Burazović) the ministries and headquarters of the General Staff (Major Živan Knežević) the Royal Court (Colonel Stojan Zdravković) the main post office in Belgrade (Lieutenant Colonel Miodrag Lozić) the barracks of the Royal Guards and Automotive Command An inspector of post, telegraph and telephone assisted Mirković by cutting off communications between Belgrade and the rest of the country. Tanks and artillery were deployed on all the main streets of Belgrade, and by 2:00pm all strategic locations were in the hands of troops loyal to the coup leaders. At the time of the coup, Prince Paul was in Zagreb en route to a planned holiday in Brdo. On the morning of 27 March, Deputy Prime Minister Maček was informed of the coup and met Prince Paul at Zagreb's railway station to discuss the situation. A meeting was then held at the residence of the Ban of Croatia, Ivan Šubašić, which included Šubašić, Prince Paul, Maček and the army commander in Zagreb, August Marić. Maček urged Prince Paul to oppose the putsch and Marić pledged the support of the Croatian units of the army. Maček suggested that Prince Paul stay in Zagreb, with the possibility of mobilising army units in the Banovina of Croatia in his support. Prince Paul declined this offer, at least partially because his wife, Princess Olga, and children remained in Belgrade. Accompanied by Šubašić, he reached the capital by train that evening and was met by Simović, who took him to the war ministry where he and the other two regents relinquished power, immediately abolishing the regency. Having already made arrangements with the British consul in Zagreb, Prince Paul and his family left that evening for Greece, after which they travelled to Kenya and then exile in South Africa. On the morning of 27 March, the royal palace was surrounded and the coup's advocates issued a radio message that impersonated the voice of King Peter with a "proclamation to the people", calling on them to support the King. Peter was surprised by the coup, and heard of his coming of age for the first time on the radio. Pamphlets with the proclamation of the coup were subsequently dropped into cities from aircraft. Demonstrations followed in Belgrade and other large Yugoslav cities that continued for the next few days, including in Cetinje, Podgorica, Split, Skopje and Kragujevac. The crowds at these demonstrations shouted slogans in support of the United Kingdom, and also frequently used the slogan that had been used by demonstrators the day before the coup, "Better the war than the pact, better the grave than a slave". Members of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, which had been outlawed since 1920, also took part in pro-putsch rallies all over the country. Churchill declared that "Yugoslavia has found its soul”, and he even considered that a Balkan front could be established with Turkish help. The news resulted in Greek attempts to change their defence plans, and the Greeks also pressed the Yugoslavs to attack the Italians in Albania. The Polish and Czechoslovakian governments-in-exile both praised the coup, and news of it was received in Greece with "wild enthusiasm". According to the memoirs of the Serbian Orthodox Patriarch, Gavrilo V, the putsch was immediately welcomed by the senior clergy of the church, as the Holy Assembly of Bishops convened on 27 March in response to the coup. Patriarch Gavrilo also spoke publicly in support of the King and the new regime over the radio. King Peter II was inaugurated in the presence of Patriarch Gavrilo on 28 March. For other nations in Yugoslavia, the prospect of war and the government's close ties to the Serbian Orthodox Church was not at all appealing. Archbishop Aloysius Stepinac, president of the Roman Catholic Conference of Bishops of Yugoslavia, bitterly wrote in his diary that, "All in all, Croats and Serbs are of two worlds... that will never move closer to one another without an act of God". He also wrote, "The Schism [Orthodoxy] is the greatest curse in Europe, almost greater than Protestantism. There is no morality, no principle, there is no truth, no justice, no honesty [in Orthodoxy]." On the same day, he publicly called on the Catholic clergy to pray for King Peter and that Croatia and Yugoslavia would be spared a war. The coup resulted in only one death, which was accidental. Responsibility for the coup There are contradictory claims as to who was the leader of the coup, coming from Simović, Mirković, and Živan Knežević. Mirković claimed sole credit immediately after the coup and stated on its tenth anniversary that: "Only after I had informed General [Simović] about my idea and he had accepted it did I make the decision to undertake the planned revolt. I made the decision myself, and I also carried out the whole organization. I made the decision as to when the revolt would take place." It is likely that he had been a planning a coup since 1937 when an Italo-Yugoslav pact was signed. King Peter later credited simply the "younger and middle ranks [of officers] of the Yugoslav army" for the coup in a speech on 17 December 1941. In 1951, Mirković stated that he had been considering a putsch since 1938, and had discussed the idea quite openly with a significant number of generals, including Milan Nedić. He went on to say that he had offered the lead role in the post-coup government to a number of prominent people, including: Milan Nedić; the governor of the Morava Banovina, Janićije Krasojević; the commander of the Royal Guard, General Aleksandar Stanković; General Bogoljub Ilić; and Simović. Nedić and Krasojević refused as they felt they could not take an active part due to their positions, Stanković promised not to use the Royal Guard against the people and to keep his knowledge of the plot secret, Ilić did not think he had the political influence to perform the role, and Simović agreed. Simović's response to Mirković's claims was published posthumously. Simović claimed that he "stood in the center of the whole undertaking" and "personally engaged his assistant Brigadier General Bora Mirković for the action". Tomasevich considers Mirković's account to be the more credible of the two, and points out it is corroborated from several sources, both Allied and Axis. The matter would play a role in the factionalism that would divide the soon-to-be Yugoslav government-in-exile during the war. According to former British diplomat and Emeritus Professor of History, Classics and Archaeology of the University of Edinburgh David A. T. Stafford, writing in 1977, although supported with British intelligence and encouragement, the "[i]nitiative came from the Yugoslavs, and only by a stretch of the imagination can the British be said to have planned or directed the coup d'etat." Radoje Knežević vehemently denied any British involvement at all in a series of published letters between himself and Stafford, until in 1979, Stafford apologised for his error and for any offence caused to Radoje Knežević. In 1999, Ivo Tasovac criticised Stafford's revised conclusion, pointing to evidence that the plotters were dependent on British intelligence, and that senior British officials met with both Simović and Mirković immediately before the coup was carried out. The British air attaché Group Captain A.H.H.McDonald met with Simović on 26 March, and the assistant air attaché and British intelligence agent T.G.Mappleback met with his close friend Mirković on the same day and told him that the coup had to be carried out within the next 48 hours. According to the historian Marta Iaremko, writing in 2014, "the vast majority of researchers" consider that the putsch was planned with the assistance of the British intelligence services, but that this, and their encouragement of the revolt, were not sufficient to ensure it was carried out. According to Sudoplatov, the coup was actively supported by Soviet military intelligence (GRU) and the NKVD, following the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin′s instructions, with a view to strengthening the USSR's strategic position in the Balkans. A group of Soviet intelligence officers that included Major General Solomon Milshtein and Vasily Zarubin was sent to Belgrade to assist in the coup. The activities of the USSR in Yugoslavia had been boosted by the establishment of a Soviet mission in Belgrade in 1940; the Soviet Union had been developing its intelligence network through left-wing journalists and academics at the University of Belgrade. The German embassy in Belgrade was certain that the coup had been organised by British and Soviet intelligence agencies. Individuals that were probably aware of the coup included Slobodan Jovanović, president of the Serbian Cultural Club, and Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin, president of Serbian nationalist organisation Narodna Odbrana (National Defence). Some of those urging a coup or at least aware that a coup was planned had previously been involved with secretive Black Handers, including Božin Simić. Mirković himself had been a student of the leading Black Hand operative, Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijević (also known as "Apis"), while training at the Serbian Military Academy. Those that favoured the coup included the older generation of generals, including the former prime minister Petar Živković and his brother Dimitrije Živković, intellectuals, leftist students, the opposition, the army and army air force, and the Orthodox Church. The generals had various reasons for disliking Prince Paul, including being placed on the retired or reserve lists, postings to lesser roles to prevent them from engaging in politics, and aversion to Prince Paul's policies. Aftermath The new government In the wake of the coup, Simović's new government refused to ratify Yugoslavia's signing of the Tripartite Pact, but did not openly rule it out. Hitler, angered by the coup and anti-German incidents in Belgrade, gathered his senior officers and ordered that Yugoslavia be crushed without delay. In particular, Hitler was concerned about the British Royal Air Force using bases in Greece and Yugoslavia to conduct air attacks against the southern flank of the pending attack on the Soviet Union. On the same day as the coup he issued Führer Directive 25 which called for Yugoslavia to be treated as a hostile state. Italy was to be included in the operations and the directive made specific mention that "[e]fforts will be made to induce Hungary and Bulgaria to take part in operations by offering them the prospect of regaining Banat and Macedonia". Furthermore, the directive stated that "[i]nternal tensions in Yugoslavia will be encouraged by giving political assurances to the Croats", taking account of their dissatisfaction with their position in pre-war Yugoslavia. Later, Hitler stated that the coup had been a shock. At the same time he ordered the invasion of Yugoslavia, Hitler postponed the invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, by about four weeks from its original date of 15 May. Up to this point, the need for some delay due to the particularly wet spring in eastern Europe may have been foreseen, but the timing indicates that the unexpected need to defeat Yugoslavia was an important factor in Hitler's decision. On 30 March, Foreign Minister Momčilo Ninčić summoned the German ambassador, Viktor von Heeren, and handed him a statement which declared that the new government would accept all its international obligations, including accession to the Tripartite Pact, as long as the national interests of the country were protected. For his part, Heeren demanded an apology for the anti-German demonstrations, immediate ratification of the Tripartite Pact, and demobilisation of the Yugoslav armed forces. Heeren returned to his office to discover a message from Berlin instructing that contact with Yugoslav officials was to be avoided, and he was recalled to Berlin, departing the following day. No reply was given to Ninčić. On 2 April, orders were issued for the evacuation of the German embassy, which occurred the next day, and the German chargé d'affaires advised the diplomats of friendly countries to leave the country. Heeren tried to assure Hitler that the putsch was an internal matter between Yugoslav political elites, and that action against Yugoslavia was unnecessary, but he was ignored. On 31 March, after offering Croatia to Hungary and being rebuffed, the Germans had decided to give Croatia its independence. German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop and the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle worked to "organise cries for help" from ethnic Germans, Croats, Macedonians, and Slovenes in Yugoslavia that could be published in the press to provide moral justification for a German invasion. The German media simultaneously launched a barrage of accusations against Yugoslavia, claiming that German nationals in Yugoslavia had been subjected to atrocities, similar to the propaganda issued prior to the invasions of Poland and Czechoslovakia. This media onslaught also attempted to exploit divisions between Serbs and Croats, by pledging that the latter would have a prominent role in the country in the future. After the coup ethnic relations concerning Germans in Yugoslavia were tense, but rarely resulted in outright violence. The Yugoslav government denied allegations of German ethnic repression. Thousands of German nationals left Yugoslavia on instructions from Berlin. On 3 April, Führer Directive 26 was issued, detailing the plan of attack and command structure for the invasion. Hungary and Bulgaria were promised the Banat and Yugoslav Macedonia respectively and the Romanian army was asked not to take part, holding its position at the Romania-Yugoslav border. Internal conflict in Hungary over the invasion plans between the army and Teleki led to the Prime Minister's suicide that same evening. Also on 3 April, Edmund Veesenmayer, representing the Dienststelle Ribbentrop, arrived in Zagreb in preparation for a regime change. Croatian pilot Vladimir Kren, a captain in the Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force, also defected to the Germans on 3 April taking with him valuable information about the country's air defences. Simović named Maček as Deputy Prime Minister once again in the new government, but Maček was reluctant and remained in Zagreb while he decided what to do. While he considered the coup had been an entirely Serbian initiative aimed at both Prince Paul and the Cvetković–Maček Agreement, he decided that he needed to show HSS support for the new government and that joining it was necessary. He also demanded that four Croatian politicians from the deposed cabinet be part of the new one, to which Simović agreed. On 4 April, Maček travelled to Belgrade and accepted the post on several conditions: that the new government respect the Cvetković–Maček Agreement and expand the autonomy of the Banovina Croatia in some respects; that the new government respect the country's accession to the Tripartite Pact; and that one Serb and one Croatian temporarily assume the role of regents. That same day exiled Croatian politician and Ustaše leader Ante Pavelić called for Croats to start an uprising against the government over his Radio Velebit program based in Italy. On 5 April the new cabinet met for the first time. While the first two conditions set by Maček were met, the appointment of regents was impracticable given Prince Peter had been declared to be of age. Involving representatives from across the political spectrum, Simović's cabinet was "extremely disunited and weak". It quickly realised that it had to embrace a foreign policy that bore a strong resemblance that that of the preceding administration. Budisavljević and Cubrilović, along with the four HSS politicians, were re-instated to cabinet. It included members who fell into three groups; those who were strongly opposed to the Axis and prepared to face war with Germany, those who advocated peace with Germany, and those that were uncommitted. The groups were divided as follows: Non-Aggression Pact with the USSR On 5 April 1941, the post-coup government signed the Treaty of Friendship and Non-Aggression with the Soviet Union in Moscow, for which talks had been underway since March. The relevant final article of the treaty read as follows: ″In the event of aggression against one of the contracting parties on the part of a third power, the other contracting party undertakes to observe a policy of friendly relations towards that party″, which fell short of a commitment to provide military assistance. Stalin's intention by entering into the treaty was to signal to Hitler that the Soviet Union had interests in the Balkans, while not antagonising his erstwhile ally. For this reason, Soviet military intervention in Yugoslavia was never considered. According to Tomasevich, this was "an almost meaningless diplomatic move", which could have had no real impact on the situation in which Yugoslavia found herself. Axis invasion Even within the Royal Yugoslav Army, divisions between a Croatian-Slovene pro-Axis faction and a Serbian pro-Allied faction emerged. The Axis invasion of Yugoslavia began on 6 April. The bombing of Belgrade forced the government to seek shelter outside the city. From here, King Peter and Simović planned to leave for exile. Maček, refusing to leave the country, resigned on 7 April and designated Juraj Krnjević as his successor. Maček returned to Zagreb. Three other ministers also refused to leave Yugoslavia: Ivan Andres and Bariša Smoljan of the HSS and Kulenović of the JMO. The government met on Yugoslav soil for the last time on 13 April near Pale. From here they travelled to Nikšić where they were flown out of the country to Athens. The Soviet leadership accepted the invasion of Yugoslavia without any criticism. Another result of the coup was that the work that had been done by British intelligence with the anti-Axis government of Cvetković and Maček was lost. By supporting the coup plotters, the SOE undermined the balance in Yugoslav politics that had been achieved by the Cvetković–Maček Agreement. Serbian nationalists supported and welcomed the coup because it ended Croatian autonomy under the Agreement and freed them to pursue a Greater Serbia agenda. The coup and its immediate aftermath also contributed to the paralysis within the Yugoslav government-in-exile during the rest of the war, due to ongoing disputes regarding the legitimacy of the Cvetković–Maček Agreement. Legacy and historical evaluation Other than the dispute over who could take credit for staging the coup, the event itself and the dismal showing of the Yugoslav armed forces during the invasion were extensively analysed and discussed by participants, Yugoslav and foreign scholars, and others, both during and after the war. It remained a source of pride for the most outspoken Serbian nationalists and politicians from the Serbian ruling groups that supported it. Those that had advanced a policy of accommodation with the Axis maintained that had the coup not occurred, Yugoslavia would have been able to remain neutral and would have therefore escaped invasion and the many other consequences, including the large number of deaths and widespread destruction during the war, and the victory of the communist-led Yugoslav Partisans and the creation of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia as a socialist state. The proponents of accommodation also considered that Yugoslavia might have been able to enter the war on the Allied side at a later time and with less sacrifice. The KPJ saw the coup and invasion as a trigger for the wider revolt which resulted in its ultimate victory, and this aspect was commemorated each year in post-war Yugoslavia. In the final analysis, the primary significance of the coup was that it placed Yugoslavia's accession to the Tripartite Pact into doubt, which led directly to the Axis invasion. Tomasevich concurs with the KPJ evaluation that the coup and the resulting invasion were the starting point for the successful communist-led revolution. According to the British major general and historian I. S. O. Playfair, the coup was essentially a brave gesture of defiance, mainly by Serbs, against the German domination signified by signing of the Tripartite Pact, undertaken in the full knowledge that invasion would likely follow. It was also, according to the historian Alexander Prusin, an "utter blunder, based on wishful thinking and emotions rather than a realistic appreciation of the country's limited economic and military potential". By overthrowing Prince Paul and the Cvetković government who had sought accommodation with the Croats, the coup also operationalised Serbian opposition to the Cvetković-Maček Agreement. Further, it underlined the lack of unity between Serbs and Croats, which limited the military options available to the Yugoslav government. Hitler's decision to invade Yugoslavia delayed the concurrent invasion of Greece by five days, but this was more than made up for by the advantages of being able to invade Greece via southern Yugoslavia, allowing the outflanking of the Aliakmon Line. The role of the coup and subsequent invasion of Yugoslavia in delaying Operation Barbarossa, and the subsequent Axis defeat by the Soviet Union, is disputed. In 1975, Tomasevich wrote that the events in Yugoslavia were "a partial cause of what proved to be a fateful delay in Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union", and went on to state that many writers consider that this delay was responsible for the German failure to capture Moscow in the winter of 1941–1942. He acknowledged that, apart from the coup and invasion, the wet spring of 1941 contributed a two or three week delay to the launching of Barbarossa, but saw the delay caused by events in Yugoslavia as an important indirect factor in eventual Axis defeat in the war. In 1972 the historian Martin van Creveld examined the arguments supporting this position and dismissed such views as based on "sloppy scholarship" and "wishful thinking". He concluded that the invasion of Yugoslavia facilitated and accelerated the overall Balkan campaign, and that the fact that the Germans did not capitalise on the earlier than expected end of operations in Yugoslavia by bringing forward the start date for Operation Barbarossa proves beyond doubt that other factors determined the start date. More recently in 2013 Professors Profs. Stockings (Australian Defence Force Academy) and Hancock (New South Wales), using new archival findings for their analysis of Operation Marita came to the conclusion that there is “little doubt” that to some degree Operation 25 (the invasion of Yugoslavia) forced a delay to the planned start date of the invasion of the Soviet Union. Sue Onslow, in a bid to place the coup in the broader context of the British policy towards Yugoslavia between the outbreak of the Second World War and the events on 27 March 1941, writes that the coup was a major propaganda victory for Britain, as it "proved a tremendous, if ephemeral, boost to British morale, coming rapidly upon the victories against Italian forces in North Africa and the Sudan"; it also was "a much-needed fillip to the 'upstart'... Special Operations Executive created by [Hugh] Dalton". Prince Paul was found guilty of war crimes in September 1945 for his role in the Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact. In 2011, a High Court in Serbia found the sentence to be politically and ideologically motivated and Prince Paul was officially rehabilitated. A similar decision had been made in 2009 to rehabilitate Cvetković for war crimes charges relating to the signing of the pact. Notes and citations References Books Journals and newspapers Hadži-Jovančić, Perica. "Losing the Periphery: The British Foreign Office and Policy Towards Yugoslavia, 1935–1938" Diplomacy & Statecraft (March 2020) 31#1 pp 65–90. Websites Coup 1941 in military history Political history of Yugoslavia 1940s coups d'état and coup attempts Yugoslavia in World War II Kingdom of Yugoslavia Balkans campaign (World War II) March 1941 events 1940s in Belgrade Axis powers

27302963

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Ecodesign%20Directive

European Ecodesign Directive

The European Union's Ecodesign Directive (Directive 2009/125/EC) establishes a framework to set mandatory ecological requirements for energy-using and energy-related products sold in all 27 member states. Its scope currently covers more than 40 product groups (such as boilers, lightbulbs, TVs and fridges), which are responsible for around 40% of all EU greenhouse gas emissions . The 2009 revision of the Directive extended its scope to energy-related products such as windows, insulation materials and certain water-using products. The ultimate aim of the Ecodesign Directive is that manufacturers of energy-using products (EuP) will, at the design stage, be obliged to reduce the energy consumption and other negative environmental impacts of products. While the Directive's primary aim is to reduce energy use, it is also aimed at enforcing other environmental considerations including: materials use; water use; polluting emissions; waste issues and recyclability. The Ecodesign Directive is a framework directive, meaning that it does not directly set minimum ecological requirements. These are adopted through specific implementing measures for each group of products in the scope of the Directive. The implementing measures are adopted through the so-called comitology procedure. Implementing measures are based on EU internal market rules governing which products may be placed on the market. Manufacturers who begin marketing an energy-using product covered by an implementing measure in the EU area have to ensure that it conforms to the energy and environmental standards set out by the measure. In practice, the introduction of a new minimum requirement results in effectively banning all non-compliant products from being sold in the 28 Member States. This was for example the case of incandescent lamps, for which a gradual phaseout started in the EU in 2009 under this Directive. This measure alone – which received some criticism in parts of the media but welcomed by environmentalists – is expected to reduce annual CO2 emissions by 16 million tons in 2020. Scope of the Directive The 2005 Ecodesign directive covered energy-using products (EuP), which use, generate, transfer or measure energy, including consumer goods such as boilers, water heaters, computers, televisions, and industrial products such as transformers. The implementing measures focus on those products which have a high potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions at low cost, through reduced energy demand. The first Working Plan of the Ecodesign Directive was adopted on 21 October 2008. It establishes a list of 10 product groups to be considered in priority for implementing measures in 2009–2011: Air conditioning and ventilation systems, including air conditioning system pumps Electric and fossil-fuelled heating equipment Food-preparing equipment Industrial and laboratory furnaces and ovens Machine tools Network, data processing and data storing equipment Refrigerating and freezing equipment Sound and imaging equipment Transformers Water-using equipment Nine implementing measures have already been adopted – for a total energy saving of 341 TWh, or 12% of the electricity consumption of the EU. Several preparatory studies by DG Energy are completed or ongoing. The European Commission will be tabling a Circular Economy proposal towards the end of 2015. Eco-design is likely to be discussed within this framework. External links EU energy label and ecodesign website European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy pages on the Directive Coolproducts for a Cool Planet campaign References European Union and the environment Policies of the European Union Environmental policy in the EU

1287838

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damai

Damai

Damai () is an occupational caste found among Khas people. They comprise 45 subgroups. Their surnames take after the subgroup they belong to. People belonging to this caste are traditionally tailors and musicians. They are adept at using the naumati baja- an ensemble of nine traditional musical instruments. Damai is coined from musical instrument Damaha. The 1854 Nepalese Muluki Ain (Legal Code) categorized Damai as "Lower cast” category. Thus, the tribal designation of Khas is given only in few context to Kami, Damai and Sarki due to traditional status. Due to many caste-based discriminations in Nepal, the government of Nepal legally abolished the caste-system and criminalized any caste-based discrimination, including "untouchability" (the ostracism of a specific caste) - in the year 1963 A.D. With Nepal's step towards freedom and equality, Nepal, previously ruled by a Hindu monarchy was a Hindu nation which has now become a secular state, and on 28 May 2008, it was declared a republic, ending it as the Hindu Kingdom with its caste-based discriminations and the untouchability roots. According to 2011 Nepal census, Damai make up 1.8% of Nepal's population (or 472,862 peoples). Damai are categorized under "Hill Dalit" among the 9 broad social groups, along with Kami, Badi, Sarki and Gaine by the Government of Nepal. References Bibliography Caste system in Nepal Dalit communities

8368091

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon%20Bureau%20of%20Labor%20and%20Industries

Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries

The Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries (BOLI) is an agency in the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of Oregon. It is headed by the Commissioner of Labor and Industries, a nonpartisan, statewide elective office. The term of office is four years. The current Commissioner is Val Hoyle. History In 1903, the Oregon Legislative Assembly created the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Inspector of Factories and Workshops in response to public concerns about the effects industrialization on society. Its head, titled Commissioner, was initially appointed by the Governor. O. P. Hoff, the initial appointee, was elected in 1906, and reelected in 1910 and 1914. Dan Gardner of Milwaukie was Commissioner from 2003–2008. He resigned in March 2008 to take a job with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers in Washington, D.C. He is the first Commissioner of BOLI to leave mid-term for another job. His replacement was Brad Avakian, who was re-elected to the position in 2008. Val Hoyle was elected as the new BOLI Commissioner in 2018, after Avakian decided that he would not seek re-election. Commissioner duties and responsibilities The Commissioner serves as chief executive of the department-level Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries, chairs the State Apprenticeship and Training Council, and acts as executive secretary of the Wage and Hour Commission. He or she has enforcement responsibility for state laws prohibiting discrimination in employment, housing, public accommodation, and vocational, professional and trade schools, and may initiate a “commissioner’s complaint” on behalf of victims. The Commissioner administers state laws regulating wages, hours of employment, basic working conditions, child labor and wage rates; and is responsible for licensure of certain professions and industries. Final orders in contested cases are issued by the commissioner. The Wage Security Fund that covers workers for unpaid wages in certain business closure situations, and enforcement of group-health insurance termination-notification provisions fall within the Commissioner's purview. He or she is also responsible for oversight of the state’s registered apprenticeship-training system. See also PGE v. Bureau of Labor and Industries References External links Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries Labor and Industries State departments of labor of the United States 1918 establishments in Oregon

28144568

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop%20Island%20Paperfield

Pop Island Paperfield

Pop Island – Paperfield is a Nintendo DSi video game by French developer ODENIS Studio. It is the sequel to Pop Island. When the game was still available for purchase, it cost 200 Nintendo points, and could be downloaded at the DSi Shop. Pop Island – Paperfield is a capture the flag type game. The player's objective is to bring as many flags to their base as possible in a set amount of time, while trying to stop the opposing team from bringing flags to their base. The characters of Pop Island consist of 12 different animals and vehicles, such as a lion with wheels, surfing penguin, a fish, a skateboarding elephant and many others. Paperfield offers a bonus for those who bought the previous title, as owners of both games can unlock three new maps and four vehicles, including a helicopter and a submarine. Gameplay The game is presented from a third-person perspective. Using the Nintendo DSi's D-pad, the player moves around their character to capture flags and return them to their base. The player may shoot firecrackers at opponents in an attempt to pop them away from the player. If the player is hit by a firecracker, the player drops his/her flag (if the player is holding one) and is popped from where they were. There are 3 main types of characters the player can be: Wheeled: Wheeled characters move quickly on land, but slowly in water Fish: Fish swim quickly in water but move slowly on land Flying: Flying characters move at moderate speeds above land or water Reception Despite not featuring major changes over its predecessor, Wiiloveit.com gave the game a 28/30, considering it to be a "must-download" with an "almost unbelievable" cost. References 2010 video games DSiWare games Nintendo DS-only games Nintendo DS games Action video games Video games developed in France

41121020

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgewater%20Community%20Healthcare%20NHS%20Foundation%20Trust

Bridgewater Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

Bridgewater Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (Bridgewater) is a leading provider of community health services in the north west of England. In 2013/14 Bridgewater was responsible for providing community and specialised health services to 831,270 people living in Halton, St Helens, Warrington and Wigan. In addition Bridgewater provides community dental services in these areas plus Bolton, Tameside, Glossop, Stockport and western Cheshire. Its community services in St. Helens were taken over by a consortium of St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, 5 Boroughs Partnership NHS Foundation Trust and St Helens Rota in 2017. On 1 November 2014, Bridgewater became one of the first two NHS community healthcare trusts in the UK to achieve foundation trust status. It took on contracts for prison healthcare at five prisons in the north west but decided to relinquish them all in 2019. Plans were drawn up for the Trust to take over Liverpool Community Health NHS Trust's contract, but were abandoned in March 2017 after NHS Improvement intervened. The Care Quality Commission rated Bridgewater as "requiring improvement" after an inspection in 2016. In 2019 it began discussions of a merger with Warrington & Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. See also Healthcare in Greater Manchester List of NHS trusts References Community health NHS trusts Health in Greater Manchester Health in Cheshire NHS foundation trusts

19465695

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Solapur

South Solapur

South Solapur Taluka is one of the 11 tehsils of Solapur District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. This tehsil is located in the southeastern side of district and is bordered by Osmanabad District to the northeast, North Solapur and Mohol Taluka to the north, Akkalkot Taluka to the southeast, Karnataka's Kalaburagi district to the south, and Mangalvedhe Taluka to the west. The tehsil headquarters is located at Solapur, which is also the district headquarters and its largest city. Mandrup, Kumbhari, Valasang, Musti and Boramani are the biggest villages in south Solapur. In the 16th century, in the village of Musti in the taluka, Shri Andenappa Maharaj became a great saint. He taught Parmarth to the society. During that time, he performed many miracles in the Musti village area and saved the people. Shri Andenappa maharaj was one of the great devotees of Shri Siddheshwar Maharaj, the village deity of Solapur, thats why there is a temple of Shri Siddheshwar Maharaj in Musti village and the Gadda Yatra of Shri Siddheshwar Maharaj is celebrated in Musti village in the same way as it is celebrated in Solapur.Due to the great work of Shri Andenappa Maharaj, he received divine offerings for the cure of jaundice from lord Shiva so even today, in the name of Shri Andenappa Maharaj, every Sunday treatment is given to the jaundice patient at the Shri Andenappa Maharaj Temple at Musti. As of 2001, the tehsil population was 210,774 References External links The official website of Solapur district South Solapur Tehsil on Biond Talukas in Solapur district

2500691

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrion/Apologies%20to%20Insect%20Life

Carrion/Apologies to Insect Life

"Carrion"/"Apologies to Insect Life" is a double A-side single by British Sea Power. Both songs feature on their debut album, The Decline of British Sea Power, and this was the first single to be issued after its release. Reaching No. 36 in the UK, the single received rave reviews and was the band's first Top 40 hit. Despite videos being made for both tracks and the nature of the release, most of the airplay and coverage was given to "Carrion", the more pop-oriented song, which is considered by many fans to be one of the band's defining tracks. "Apologies to Insect Life" is far more angular and has obvious post-punk influences. 1,942 copies were issued of the 7", each individually named with a British coastal feature. Two different mixes of both songs appear across the releases. The Commander's Croft version of "Carrion" is the one featured on the album. Track listings Disk 1 (RTRADESCD092) "Carrion (Commander's Croft mix)" (BSP) – 4:04 "Apologies to Insect Life" (BSP) – 2:51 "Heavenly Waters" (Hamilton/BSP) – 6:36 Disk 2 (RTRADESCD092X) "Carrion (Ridgeway mix)" (BSP) – 4:07 "Apologies to Insect Life (Russian Rock demo)" (BSP) – 3:02 "Albert's Eyes" (Yan/BSP) – 3:36 7" Vinyl (RTRADES092) "Carrion (Ridgeway mix)" (BSP) – 4:07 "Apologies to Insect Life" (BSP) – 2:51 References External links Official website "Carrion" at Salty Water (fansite) "Apologies to Insect Life" at Salty Water (fansite) British Sea Power songs 2003 singles Rough Trade Records singles 2003 songs

13380881

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott%20Marquis

Marriott Marquis

Marriott Marquis is a hotel brand owned by Marriott International and denotes flagship, large-format hotels similar to Hyatt's Hyatt Regency brand. Notable hotels using this branding include: New York Marriott Marquis in Times Square, New York City Atlanta Marriott Marquis in Atlanta, Georgia San Francisco Marriott Marquis in San Francisco, California San Diego Marriott Marquis & Marina in San Diego, California Washington Marriott Marquis in Washington, D.C. Marriott Marquis Houston in Houston, Texas Marriott Marquis Chicago in Chicago, Illinois JW Marriott Marquis Dubai in Dubai, United Arab Emirates JW Marriott Marquis Miami in Miami, Florida Bangkok Marriott Marquis Queen's Park in Bangkok, Thailand Marriott International brands

50337703

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shea%20Serrano

Shea Serrano

Shea Serrano is an American author, journalist, and former teacher. He is best known for his work with the sports and pop culture websites, The Ringer and Grantland, as well as his books, including The Rap Year Book, Basketball (and Other Things) and Movies (and Other Things), all of which were The New York Times #1 best-sellers. Writing about Serrano for GQ, Chris Gayomali said: "If you were to draw a triple Venn diagram of hoops, trunk bangers, and jokes made at the expense of J. Cole, Grantland writer Shea Serrano would be smack-dab in the center, probably wearing a Tim Duncan jersey." Serrano's activity and humor on Twitter have earned a devoted following, nicknamed the FOH Army. Early life Serrano was born in San Antonio, Texas and grew up in the neighborhood of Valley Hi. He is Mexican-American. He graduated from Sam Houston State University, where he started as a criminal justice major but eventually earned a degree in psychology. He also was in Omega Delta Phi. After graduating from college, Serrano moved to Houston, where he worked in construction before becoming a middle-school science teacher. He taught 8th grade science at a Title 1 school in Houston for nine years. Career Journalism Serrano began writing in 2007 as a way to supplement his family's income when his wife, pregnant with twins, was put on bedrest. After briefly writing for the Near Northwest Banner, Serrano freelanced for the Houston Press. He predominately wrote about hip-hop after noticing that the majority of the writers only wrote about rock music despite the fact Houston is a cornerstone of southern rap music. Serrano's first work that drew national attention was his Houston Press piece on rapper Trae tha Truth's ban from a Houston radio station and the rapper's subsequent lawsuit against the station. This piece allowed him to earn a place at the Houston Press’ sister publication, the LA Weekly. Serrano continued to earn national attention with his pieces about his children and stories about the songs played at his school dance and birthday party. While there, he wrote a humor piece describing having sex with his wife while listening to Drake. Grantland writer Molly Lambert saw the piece and passed it to her editors, who then invited Serrano to freelance for them. His first piece was about gift-shopping with the rapper 2 Chainz. Serrano joined the full-time Grantland staff in July 2015. In July 2016, Serrano moved with much of the Grantland team to Bill Simmons' new entertainment platform, The Ringer. Serrano has also written for GQ, ESPN, LA Weekly, XXL, Rolling Stone, MTV, and Vice. Books Serrano's first book, Bun B's Rap Coloring and Activity Book, was published 17 September 2013. The book consists of coloring and activity pages based on popular rappers. The work was a collaboration with Houston rapper Bun B, although Serrano wrote and illustrated the book himself. Serrano's second book, The Rap Year Book: The Most Important Rap Song From Every Year Since 1979, Discussed, Debated, and Deconstructed, was published 13 October 2015 by Abrams Image. It soon appeared on The New York Times Best Seller List for the advice, how-to and miscellaneous category as well as the culture category. In March 2016, the book was optioned for a documentary series. In September 2016, the book was listed by Billboard as one of the 100 best music books of all-time. Serrano's third book Basketball (and Other Things) was published in October 2017. Illustrator Arturo Torres, Serrano's collaborator on The Rap Year Book, also illustrated Basketball (and Other Things). It debuted at number two on The New York Times Best Seller list for the advice, how-to and miscellaneous category. In November 2017, it climbed to number one on The New York Times best-seller list for the sports and fitness category. On 31 December 2017, former U.S. President Barack Obama mentioned Basketball (And Other Things) in a Facebook post describing his favorite books of the year. Serrano's fourth book Movies (And Other Things) was published in October 2019 and became his third consecutive number one bestseller on The New York Times best-seller list. Television In addition to the documentary project based on The Rap Year Book, Serrano also has a sitcom in development. In October 2017, ABC Studios ordered a pilot for the show, written by Serrano and produced by Serrano and Michael Schur. The Hollywood Reporter described the project as "a single-camera comedy...based on Serrano's life growing up in a family with five uncles who all have different perspectives on manhood." On Twitter, Serrano wrote that he "got tired of waiting for there to be more mexicans on TV so i asked [Schur] to help me try & make a family sitcom for ABC about them." Publishing In 2020, Serrano founded a publishing house called Halfway Books, operated from his Gumroad website. He had previously published two illustrated essay collections on the site, on the television shows The Office (called "Conference Room Five Minutes") and Scrubs ("Where Do You Think We Are?"). These collections, which continued his collaboration with Torres, were published as PDFs. The first Halfway Books publication was also digital, a short story by Serrano available as PDF or audiobook. "Post: A Short Story of No Consequence at All" was published on 15 July 2020. The next Halfway Books are a series of five commissioned long-form essays on a hip-hop album of the writer's choosing, beginning with Taylor Crumpton's "Taylor Crumpton Considers Big Tuck’s Purple Hulk" on 1 December 2020. Intended to support aspiring writers, Serrano offered $3000 stipends and a month-long mentorship, saying, "Too often, talented writers are elbowed out of the game because they can’t afford to work an unpaid internship somewhere or they can’t afford to write for free for a few months somewhere to build up a portfolio." The series authors will retain the rights to their work as well as receiving a full designed digital version of their essay and placement on Serrano's website. The sales from "Post" helped seed the $20,000 Serrano put into the program and he said it motivated him to write more short fiction: "If all I have to do is write a short story and sell it, and then I can use the money I make from that to do this other cool thing, that’s reason enough to do it again." Social media and other projects Serrano has an ardent following on his active Twitter feed, where "office hours are almost always open. He holds court daily on matters ranging from basketball to Taco Bell to Young Thug to parenting to the injustices of unpaid content creation...Periodically, Serrano will tweet out his email address so that anyone can ask him for advice on making it as a writer." The Verge called the community he created this way a "utopia on Twitter"; GOOD Magazine called him "Our New Favorite Internet Hero." On 20 March 2016, Serrano announced a weekly newsletter "Basketball (And Other Things)", which came out every Tuesday, focused on the National Basketball Association. The newsletter features musings from Serrano and illustrations from Torres. The inaugural issue featured NBA players in scenes from popular movies, starting with Golden State Warriors forward Draymond Green in a scene from the 1987 movie Over the Top. Within weeks, the newsletter had reached over 30,000 subscribers. The newsletter is published for free, though Serrano and Torres allowed for donations to be made twice. They used the donations to make contributions to charities, including the Genesis Women's Shelter, Kids' Meals, Operation Turkey and more. In total, they've donated approximately $10,000 via newsletter donations. Serrano's Twitter feed has also spawned considerable charitable giving. On 21 December 2016, Serrano and his Twitter followers, colloquially termed the FOH ARMY, joined up to give a parking lot attendant who'd helped Serrano find his car at an airport a $3000 tip. They playfully referred to it as the Radelle Christmas Miracle. On 9 March 2017, Serrano and company donated $12,539.87 to Planned Parenthood in recognition of International Women's Day. On 27 March 2017, Serrano mobilized the FOH ARMY again, this time to help one former student fund a trip to Turkey she was hoping to take to help teach children there English. She'd set a $3700 goal for her Go Fund Me page; Serrano and his Twitter followers raised nearly $4,500 in less than an hour. On 17 August 2017, Serrano and the FOH ARMY joined up to fund several teachers' Donors Choose pages to help them start the school year off right, often completing the requested funding in a matter of minutes; two days later, the group contributed over $10,700 to support an LGBTQ youth center in San Antonio, raising the money in less than seven hours. On 31 August 2017, Serrano invited Twitter followers to join him in a "Fuck Hurricane Harvey" round of donations to support Houston relief work, with Serrano putting in $200 to start the effort. Four hours later, the group had contributed more than $90,000; by the end of the night, they had raised more than $130,000. On 8 December 2017, Serrano and the FOH ARMY donated $19,000 to The Children's Shelter in San Antonio. Personal life Serrano lives in Houston, Texas with his wife, Larami Serrano, their three sons (nicknamed Boy A, Boy B, and the Baby), and their French bulldog Younger Jeezy. Shea and Larami met in college in 2000 and were married in a hospital after Larami was hospitalized the day before their wedding. References American male journalists American writers of Mexican descent Hispanic and Latino American writers 21st-century American non-fiction writers American music critics Living people American sportswriters Writers from San Antonio Writers from Houston Sam Houston State University alumni American podcasters 1981 births 21st-century American male writers American men podcasters

59040175

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip%20Trent

Phillip Trent

Phillip Trent (Oct 16, 1907, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania–Jan 24, 2001, Englewood, New Jersey) was an American stage and film actor. He began his career on Broadway and starred in nine stage productions. He appeared in numerous films during the 1930s and 1940s. He also appeared as Clifford Jones. Filmography Some of Trent's films include: Trick for Trick (1933) - David Adams The Man who Dared (1933) - Dick (as Clifford Jones) The Power and the Glory (1933) - Tom Garner Jr. (as Clifford Jones) Tillie and Gus (1933) - Tom Sheridan Coming Out Party (1934) - Jimmy Wolverton The Crime of Helen Stanley (1934) - Larry King (as Clifford Jones) The Most Precious Thing in Life (1934) - Fraternity Conductor (uncredited) Transient Lady (1935) - Fred Baxter Princess O'Hara (1935) - Tad (as Clifford Jones) Strangers All (1935) - Patrick Gruen (as Clifford Jones) His Family Tree (1935) - Dudley Weatherby Don't Gamble with Love (1936) - Bob Grant Wife vs. Secretary (1936) - Elevator Boy (uncredited) For the Service (1936) - George Murphy Parole! (1936) - Gregory The Girl on the Front Page (1936) - Edward The Public Pays (1936, Short) - MGM Reporter (uncredited) I Promise to Pay (1937) - Davis (uncredited) The Great Gambini (1937) - Reporter (uncredited) Youth on Parole (1937) - Don (uncredited) That's My Story (1937) - Reporter (uncredited) A Doctor's Diary (1937) The Spy Ring (1938) - Captain Robert Scott Letter of Introduction (1938) - Man at Barry's Party (uncredited) I Am the Law (1938) - Law Student (uncredited) Flirting with Fate (1938) - Larry Pirates of the Skies (1939) - Pilot (uncredited) Let Us Live (1939) - Frank Burke Buck Rogers (1939, Serial) - Mitchell [Ch. 1] (uncredited) When Tomorrow Comes (1939) - Service Man (uncredited) Drunk Driving (1939, Short) - MGM Crime Reporter (uncredited) Gone with the Wind (1939) - Gentleman / Bearded Confederate on Steps of Tara (uncredited) Ninotchka (1939) The Green Hornet (1940, Serial) - Jasper Jenks Those Were the Days! (1940) - Clerk (uncredited) The Great Train Robbery (1941) - Carbine (uncredited) Back in the Saddle (1941) - Jack (uncredited) Paper Bullets (1941) - Harold DeWitt Murder by Invitation (1941) - Larry Denham Outlaws of Cherokee Trail (1941) - Fake Jim Warren Bombay Clipper (1942) - Tom Hare (final film role) References External links Phillip Trent at IMDb 1907 births 2001 deaths 20th-century American male actors American male film actors American male stage actors

2778566

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia%2C%20Yap

Colonia, Yap

Colonia is an urban area belonging to the municipalities of Rull and Weloy which serves as the capital of the State of Yap, one of the Federated States of Micronesia. It administers both Yap proper and some 13 atolls and islands reaching to the east and south for some . The 2010 Census population was 3,126. A Spanish Catholic mission was established in Colonia in 1885, during Yap's time as a colony of Spain. Tomil Harbor is the main port of Yap State. Ships have to travel through a reef-bordered passageway to reach the port, where there is a small craft wharf. Education Public schools: Yap High School References External links Yap Visitors Bureau Municipalities of Yap

12470218

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green-backed%20robin

Green-backed robin

The green-backed robin (Pachycephalopsis hattamensis) is a species of bird in the family Petroicidae. It is found in New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. References green-backed robin Birds of New Guinea green-backed robin Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

51973873

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasma

Fantasma

Fantasma may refer to: Books, film and TV El fantasma, Spanish novel written by Wenceslao Fernández Flórez, on which El destino se disculpa 1945 Spanish drama film was based Fantasma, 2006 Argentine film by Lisandro Alonso O Fantasma, a 2000 Portuguese gay-themed film Music Grupo Fantasma (American band), a Texas band Fantasma (band), an Argentine cumbia duo Fantasma (South African band), led by Spoek Mathambo Albums Fantasma (Cornelius album) Fantasma (Baustelle album) Fantasma, album by Burning Image El Fantasma, album by Los Yonic's Fantasmas (Willie Colón album) Fantasmas (Glorium album) Los Fantasmas, album by Menudo Songs "Fantasma", song Puerto Rican singer Zion from The Perfect Melody "El Fantasma", Op. 37 No. 5 song by Joaquin Turina (1882-1949) "El fantasma", song by Vicentico from Los pájaros "El fantasma", song by Verónica Castro from Norteño in 1980 Other uses El Hijo del Fantasma, or simply Fantasma, Mexican luchador

43733567

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Monchablon

Jan Monchablon

Jean Baptiste Ferdinand Monchablon, known as Jan Monchablon (6 September 1854, Châtillon-sur-Saône - 2 October 1904, Châtillon-sur-Saône) was a French landscape painter. Biography His father was an official with the local health department. He began his education at the Collège Notre-Dame in Nantes. In 1875, after working as a private tutor, he became a Professor in Quimper. Six years later, he entered the École des Beaux-Arts, where he studied under Jean-Paul Laurens. From 1883 to 1884, he took further lessons in the studio of Alexandre Cabanel. Finding himself attracted to the works of the Flemish masters, he took a study trip to the Netherlands in 1886. It was at that time he began signing his name "Jan", instead of "Jean". Upon his return, he married Fanny Julien, a pianist he had met while studying at the École, and they decided to settle in his hometown, leasing property there and planting a small vineyard to help defray expenses. Despite his relatively isolated location, he continued to exhibit regularly at the Salon and won several medals there as well as at the Exposition Universelle (1900). He was posthumously admitted to the Legion d'honneur in 1905. Four years later, his friend Roland Knoedler (an American art dealer), commissioned Antoine Bourdelle to create a monument in his honor. Unfortunately, it was destroyed during World War II. A replacement was later created by the sculptor Marcel Joosen (born 1943). Many of his paintings are in small museums in the United States, including the Haggin Museum in Stockton, California. References External links Arcadja Auctions: More works by Monchablon Jan Monchablon's works at the Haggin Museum 1854 births 1904 deaths Landscape painters 19th-century French painters French male painters People from Vosges (department)

49388523

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumus

Lumus

Lumus is an Israeli-based Augmented Reality company headquartered in Ness Ziona, Israel. Founded in 2000, Lumus has developed technology for see-through wearable displays, via its patented Light-guide Optical Element (LOE) platform to market producers of smart glasses and augmented reality eyewear. Technology The LOE is a patented optical waveguide that makes use of multiple partial reflectors embedded in a single substrate to reflect a virtual image into the eye of the wearer. Specifically, the image is coupled into the LOE by a "Pod" (micro-display projector) that sits at the edge of the waveguide—in an eyeglass configuration, this is embedded in the temple of the glasses. The image travels through total internal reflection to the multiple array of partial reflectors and are reflected to the eye. While each partial reflector shows only a portion of the image, the optics are such that the wearer sees the combined array and perceives it as a single uniform image projected at infinity. The transparent display enables a virtual image to be seamlessly overlaid over the wearer's real world view. This is especially true when the source image comprises a black background with light color wording or symbology being displayed. Black is essentially see-through color, while lighter colored objects, symbols or characters appear to float in the wearer's line of sight. Conversely, full screen images like documents, internet pages, movies which are typically brighter colors can be displayed to look like a large virtual image floating a few meter's away from the wearer. Lumus, with the LOE, has a single waveguide that works on all colors. The thickness of their one LOE is similar to the stack of multiple (one per red, green, and blue) thinner waveguides on HoloLens. They simply cut the waveguide’s entrance at an angle to get the light to enter (rather than use a color specific diffraction grating), and then they use a series of very specially designed partial mirrors to cause the light to exit. The company builds reflective waveguides. They rely on microscopic etchings in transparent glass lenses that catch light being projected into their edges. Applications Navigation Mobile Applications Gaming Military Products Using Lumus Optical Engines (OE) or Development Kits allows smart eyewear manufacturers to maintain their own industrial design and branding. Lenovo announce at Transform 3.0 at Accelerate convention, that she using Lumus AR glasses in her new ThinkReality A6. References Augmented reality Display technology Eyewear companies Mixed reality Virtual reality companies Display devices Video hardware Companies established in 2000

68706527

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy%20Lacey

Percy Lacey

Percy Lacey is an American former Negro league pitcher who played in the 1930s. Lacey played for the Newark Dodgers in 1935 and for the Philadelphia Stars in 1937. In five recorded career appearances on the mound, he posted a 6.56 ERA over 23.1 innings. References External links and Seamheads Year of birth missing Place of birth missing Newark Dodgers players Philadelphia Stars players Baseball pitchers

64778334

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dard%20Autsai%20Asenga

Médard Autsai Asenga

Médard Autsai Asenga (born 2 January 1942) is a Congolese politician who was governor of the former Orientale Province, and later a National Representative. Origins Médard Autsai Asenga was born in 1942. He was born into a modest family in Aru, Ituri Province, his mother's only son. He is a practicing Christian. Governor of Orientale Autsai was governor of Orientale Province from 24 February 2007 to 5 March 2012. On 30 April 2010 Asenga was made Grand Commander of the National Order of the Leopard, the highest civilian decoration in the country. On 9 October 2010 In October 2010 Autsai was present at a ceremony where a large delivery of election equipment arrived by boat in Kisangani. It had been shipped from Kinshasa by the United Nations Organisation Stabilisation Mission in the DR Congo (MONUSCO). Autsai Asenga thanked MUNUSCO and expressed hope that it would be put to good use. National deputy Autsai was elected to the National Assembly for the Aru Territory, running on the PPRD platform. He took office on 6 March 2012, and resigned from his position as governor of Orientale. In May 2012 a group of provincial deputies representing the four districts of Orientale Province demanded that the Independent National Electoral Commission (Ceni) organize an election to replace the interim governor Ismaël Arama Ndiama who had replaced him, since an interim governor could not effectively deal with major issues faced by the province. His son, Patrice Adriko Autsai, was later elected national deputy for Aru. References 1942 births Living people Governors of Orientale Province Governors of provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Members of the National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

1831227

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation%20Transformation%20Party

Nation Transformation Party

The Nation Transformation Party (NTP) was a political party in Papua New Guinea. It was established for the 2002 election by pastor Francis Apurel, who ran for the Southern Highlands Provincial seat vacated by dismissed Governor Anderson Agiru. The party repeatedly referred to the United Resources Party as their "sister party". It won two seats at the election: David Anggo in Chuave Open and Kimson Kare in Wewak Open. The party soon dissipated, with Anggo identified as an independent by December that year and Kare drifting to the People's National Congress. It was reported in February 2006 to have merged into the People's National Congress. References Defunct political parties in Papua New Guinea

28139149

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Parkes

John Parkes

Anthony John Parkes (born 1950) is a retired Australian Anglican bishop who served as the tenth Bishop of Wangaratta between 13 December 2008 and 21 December 2019. Parkes began training for ordination in 1986 and was previously an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Brisbane. He also served as rector of All Saints' Church in Ainslie (1998–2004) and was also a former barrister where he served on the General Synod Standing Committee and the Church Law Commission. Prior to his election, Parkes served as an assistant bishop and the dean of Brisbane in the Diocese of Brisbane. Parkes was installed as Bishop of Wangaratta on 13 December 2008. Parkes, as a supporter of same-sex marriage, has been criticised within the church for his stance. In December 2017, Parkes organised Anglican bishops to write to federal members of parliament, seeking that they pass the Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Bill 2017, same-sex marriage legislation without stronger religious exemptions. Parkes retired on 21 December 2019 and was replaced as Bishop of Wangaratta by Clarence Bester. References External links Anglican bishops of Wangaratta Assistant bishops in the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane 21st-century Anglican bishops in Australia Living people Deans of Brisbane 1950 births

46708285

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological%20Landscape%20of%20the%20First%20Coffee%20Plantations%20in%20the%20South-East%20of%20Cuba

Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba

The Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba are the remains of several 19th-century coffee plantations located in the foothills of the Sierra Maestra. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, eastern Cuba was primarily involved with coffea cultivation. The remnants of the plantations display the techniques used in the difficult terrain, as well as the economic and social significance of the plantation system in Cuba and the Caribbean. In 2000, the Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. Description The World Heritage site includes 171 19th and early 20th-century coffee plantations ('cafetales') across southeast Cuba, grouped into seven distinct locations: The plantations are in different states of preservation, from the Cafetal Isabelica, which is fully restored, so some that are completely ruined. However, they all follow a similar layout. In the center of the plantation is the owner's residence, generally built in the style of Basque architecture, adapted for a tropical climate. Surrounding the owner's house were the slave quarters, made of flimsy wood and roofed with branches and leaves. Each plantation also includes a terraced drying floor ('secadero') for coffee bean preparation and other buidligns for milling and roasting. History French colonizers established coffee plantations in the 18th century on the island of Hispaniola, but the independence of Haiti in 1804 caused them to flee to Cuba, which was then under Spanish rule. During the 19th century, many coffee plantations were established across the Sierra Maestra, but they were unable to compete with the coffee plantations of Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica in the early 20th century, and gradually declined. Today, only a few coffee plantations are still in operation. See also Coffee production in Cuba References World Heritage Sites in Cuba

67143178

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova%20Casa%20Verde

Nova Casa Verde

Nova Casa Verde is a district in the municipality of Nova Andradina, located in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Its population was 3,524 in 2010. The district of Nova Casa Verde was created on October 31, 2000. Transport BR-267 passes through and links the district to the east with Bataguassu and further on to São Paulo State, and to the west is Nova Alvorada do Sul and the further interior of Mato Grosso do Sul. MS-134 provides a link southwards to Nova Andradina and other areas of Mato Grosso do Sul's southeastern area. References Districts of Brazil Districts of Nova Andradina Populated places in Mato Grosso do Sul

2335970

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete%20Warrior

Complete Warrior

Complete Warrior is a supplemental rulebook for the 3.5 edition of the Dungeons and Dragons role-playing game, published by Wizards of the Coast. It replaces and expands upon an earlier rulebook entitled Sword and Fist. Contents Complete Warrior presents additional rules and advice for the creation and use of character classes which specialize in melee and ranged combat. It also provides a catchall for anything that doesn't fit into Complete Adventurer, Complete Divine, Complete Arcane, or Complete Psionic. New character classes Hexblade The Hexblade mixes martial prowess with a unique curse ability, the ability to cast arcane spells and good resistance against spells and spell effects. Similar in concept to the sorcerer, the Hexblade is an individual who possesses unnatural jinxes or an evil eye, and uses it towards combat. With a d10 for hit points, a 1/1 base attack bonus advancement, and a very slow spell advancement, the hexblade is more like an arcane ranger or paladin than a bard. Samurai The Samurai is a brave and noble warrior, possessing martial prowess and unique abilities to intimidate and terrify his opponents. Like the other classes, the Samurai has a d10 for hit points and a 1/1 base attack bonus advancement. The main drawback to playing a Samurai is the restrictions placed on the class. A Samurai cannot multiclass, then resume being a Samurai, some of his class abilities require him to use specific weaponry, and he is bound by the code of Bushido, which operates in a similar manner to the Paladin's code. Samurai Pros and Cons (Wizards of the Coast) Swashbuckler The Swashbuckler is a fighter that emphasizes finesse, style and flair, combining martial prowess with amazing acrobatics to outmaneuver opponents. With a d10 for hit points and a 1/1 base attack bonus advancement, the swashbuckler is an effective frontline fighter, and while the inability to wear medium or heavy armours makes the character vulnerable to counterattacks, some of the class features compensate. The ability to deal strength (weakness critical class feature) and constitution damage (wounding critical class feature), as well as the ability to charge in difficult terrains (acrobatic charge class feature) makes the swashbuckler a formidable opponent in any battle. Publication history Complete Warrior was written by Andy Collins, David Noonan, and Ed Stark, and was published in November 2003. Cover art is by Wayne Reynolds, with interior art by Brent Chumley, Ed Cox, Wayne England, Rebecca Guay-Mitchell, Jeremy Jarvis, Doug Kovacs, Ginger Kubic, John and Laura Lakey, David Martin, Dennis Crabapple McClain, Matt Mitchell, Steve Prescott, Wayne Reynolds, David Roach, Mark Smylie, Brian Snoddy, Ron Spencer, and Joel Thomas. As this book is not intended only for fighters, David Noonan clarified that Complete Warrior would be useful for: "In short, anybody who makes attack rolls. That's often the fighter, of course, but there's something in Complete Warrior for the polymorphed wizard, the wild-shaped druid, and any number of archetypes who don't trundle around in heavy armor heaving a big battleaxe." Reception Reviews References External links Review at RPG net 2003 non-fiction books Dungeons & Dragons sourcebooks Handbooks and manuals

38258879

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Zenobia%20%281806%29

HMS Zenobia (1806)

HMS Zenobia was a schooner of the Adonis class of the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic War. She was built and completed at Bermuda using Bermuda cedar in 1806 and commissioned under Lieutenant Archibald Hamilton. She sailed for Norfolk, Virginia, on 22 October 1806. On 29 October 1806 she sighted the American coast and a pilot came aboard. The pilot mistook a fisherman's light on False Cape Henry for the light on Cape Henry and on the morning of 30 October 1806 she grounded south of Cape Henry. Despite the assistance from the shore and several Royal Navy vessels, Hamilton was unable to refloat her. The desertion to shore of 18 of her 24-man crew did not help. Hamilton and his remaining crew abandoned the wreck on 6 December 1806. Postscript Zenobias deserters helped provoke what became known as the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. On 22 June 1807, the Royal Navy fourth rate pursued, attacked, and boarded the United States Navy frigate looking for deserters from the Royal Navy, including those from Zenobia. Citations and references Citations References Adonis-class schooners 1806 ships Ships built in Bermuda Maritime incidents in 1806 Shipwrecks of the Virginia coast Maritime incidents in 1807

27434965

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parivartana%20%281954%20film%29

Parivartana (1954 film)

Parivartana () is a 1954 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by Tatineni Prakash Rao. It stars N. T. Rama Rao, Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Savitri, with music composed by T. Chalapathi Rao. The film is based on Srirama Murthy Pinisetti's novel Anna-Chellelu. Plot The Zamindar of a village has no children and adopts a boy from an orphanage. The boy grows up as Ananda Rao and returns to the village after higher education. Zamindar, while dying, hands over the estate affairs to Ramaiah, who gains good reputation and prestige. He has a son Satyam and a daughter Sundaramma. Ananda Rao feels jealous about Ramaiah. Chalapathi and Pitchaiah add to his jealousy. He insults Ramaiah and stops the donation program running on the name of Zamindar. Satyam as unemployed joins as a bus conductor and Ramaiah dies of helplessness. Ananda Rao purchases the bus and dismisses Satyam from the job. Chalapathi insults Sundaramma and angered, Satyam beats him and goes to jail. Chalapathi and Pitchaiah steal the adoption papers from Ananda Rao and try to dismiss him. He joins the Annadana Samajam. This brings about a change in him and he repents for the injustice done to the Ramaiah family. Sundaramma recognizes the change in his mindset and starts loving him. Satyam recognizes the love affair between them, and recollects the documents from Pitchaiah and provides them in court. Chalapathi and Pitchaiah are arrested. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Ananda Rao and Sundaramma. Cast Soundtrack Music composed by T. Chalapathi Rao. Lyrics were written by Anisetti. Music released on Audio Company. References External links 1954 films Telugu-language films Indian films Films scored by T. Chalapathi Rao Films directed by T. Prakash Rao

59573109

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n%20Turu

István Turu

István Turu (25 September 1962 – 15 February 2021) was a Hungarian boxer. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He died from COVID-19 during the pandemic in Hungary. References External links 1962 births 2021 deaths Hungarian male boxers Olympic boxers of Hungary Boxers at the 1988 Summer Olympics People from Törökszentmiklós Lightweight boxers Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary Place of death missing

53652605

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes%20%28DC%20Comics%29

Hermes (DC Comics)

Hermes is a character in DC Comics. He is based on the Greek god of the same name. Publication history Hermes debuted in Wonder Woman #1 and was adapted by William Moulton Marston and Harry G. Peter. Fictional character biography Hermes is the Messenger of the Gods. He assisted in turning a baby sculpture that Queen Hippolyta made into a real baby resulting in the origin of Princess Diana. In the Post-Crisis, Hermes was present at a meeting with fellow Gods in to talk about the dwindling worshipping from the mortals. After Zeus deemed this issue beneath him and left, Hermes accompanied Aphrodite, Ares, Athena, Demeter, and Hestia to the Underworld and the Cavern of Souls, where Gaia has housed the souls of women who have been unjustly killed by men. They harvest the souls to reincarnate them into Amazons and give them a home on Themyscira. One of the souls had been saved by Athena for the day when Hippolyta would sculpt a baby out of shoreline clay wherein Athena would infuse the baby sculpture with that spirit enabling Princess Diana to be born. During the War of the Gods storyline, Hermes was destroyed by Circe. Hermes' body was later retrieved from the Underworld In The New 52 reboot of DC's continuity, Hermes is first seen with Wonder Woman, instructing her to protect Zola because Hera wants her dead. Hermes and Zola were later seen walking through the woods when they are approached by Aphrodite. When Hermes states to Zola that Aphrodite is married to the ugly god Hephaestus, Aphrodite states that Hephaestus has other "charms". She tells them that she will not be attending the wedding as there is little love in Hell. Powers and abilities As a deity, vast supernatural abilities including size-changing, shapeshifting, and immortality. He also possesses super-speed thanks to his winged sandals. In other media Hermes appears in the Justice League Unlimited episode "The Balance", voiced by Jason Bateman. When Wonder Woman goes to her room on board the Justice League Watchtower, she sees someone in the dark that she thought was Flash only to discover that it was Hermes. He gives her a message from Zeus stating that something has gone wrong in Tartarus and she is required to return to Themyscira to stop the threat in order prevent it from threatening the world. In the company of Hawkgirl, Wonder Woman arrived on Themyscira where she used the message that Hermes gave her to explain to her mother why she had to violate her mother's exile decree. This causes Hippolyta to allow Wonder Woman to help out as she and Hawkgirl enter Tartarus. Hermes is featured in DC Universe Online. Hermes appears in the comic book adaption of DC Super Hero Girls. References External links Hermes at DC Comics Wiki Comics characters introduced in 1942 DC Comics characters who use magic DC Comics characters with superhuman strength] DC Comics cosmic entities DC Comics deities DC Comics male characters Fictional gods Classical mythology in DC Comics Greek and Roman deities in fiction Characters created by H. G. Peter Characters created by William Moulton Marston Hermes

42448363

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brannen%20Temple

Brannen Temple

Brannen Temple (born August 26, 1970) is a 3 time Grammy Award winning American drummer, who is best known as a drummer for acts like Eric Burdon, Robben Ford, Lizz Wright, Eric Johnson, and currently Ruthie Foster. Born in Austin, Texas, he started playing drums at the age of 10, soon to play in school jazz bands. Since the early 1990s, Temple is an accomplished session drummer and played on records by Chris Duarte, Patrice Rushen, Chris Smither, Abra Moore, Stephen Bruton, Jody Watley, Alejandro Escovedo, amongst others. In 1996 he was part of the first G3 Tour, drumming for Eric Johnson and was featured on their 1997 live album G3: Live in Concert. Since the new millennium he has also played on records by Toni Price, Bob Schneider, Lavelle White, Darden Smith, Robben Ford, Bobby Whitlock, Katie Armiger and appeared on Robert Rodriguez' motion picture soundtrack Grindhouse: Planet Terror (2007). He was the live drummer of Eric Burdon & The Animals from 2009 until 2013. Since 2010 he also tours on and off with Chris Duarte Group, jazz vocalist Lizz Wright and keyboardist Bobby Sparks. Temple received several Austin Music Awards over the years for "Best Drummer" or "Best Jazz Band" categories for his bands Hot Buttered Rhythm, Blaze and Black Red Black. And in 2020 as a part of the studio band for guitar / vocalist Gary Clark Jr. he received a Grammy for "Best Rock Performance", "Best Contemporary Blues Album" and "Best Rock Song" for the album and song title This Land. He resides in Austin and has several local jazz/funk bands, amongst them Temple Underground and Black Red Black (featuring Red Young and Ephraim Owens) and now "The Brannen and Red Show" (drums and organ duo). He has worked with Janet Jackson, Rose McGowan, Fastball, Monte Montgomery, Sheena Easton, Kevin Paige, Jimmie Vaughan, Dixie Chicks, Lee Roy Parnell, Jody Watley, Patrice Rushen and Chaka Khan. Discography 1992 – Mitch Watkins – Strings With Wings 1994 – Chris Duarte Group – Texas Sugar 1994 – Chris Duarte Group – Austin. Texas 1994 – Patrice Rushen – Anything But Ordinary 1995 – Chris Smither – Up on the Lowdown 1995 – Jody Watley – Affection 1995 – Abra Moore – Sing 1995 – Stephen Bruton – Right on Time 1995 – Mitch Watkins – Humhead 1996 – Alejandro Escovedo – With These Hands 1996 – Tormenta – Tormenta 1996 – Joel Nava – Soy Otro 1997 – Abra Moore – Strangest Places 1997 – Lavelle White – It Haven't Been Easy 1997 – Hot Buttered Rhythm – Hot Buttered Rhythm 1997 – G3 – Live in Concert 1997 – David Ryan Harris – David Ryan Harris 1997 – Chris Smither – Small Relevations 1998 – Ramino Herrera – Con El Mismo Amor 1998 – Jeff Robinson – Any Shade of Blue 1999 – 8 1/2 Souvenirs – Twisted Desire 1999 – Stephen Bruton – Nothing But The Truth 1999 – Chris Smither – Drive You Home Again 2000 - Clay Moore - To A Tee 2000 – Tina Lear – The Road Home 2000 – Seela – Something Happened 2000 – Willie Oteri – Concepts of Mate Matoot 2001 – Toni Price – Midnight Pumpkin 2001 – Brent Palmer – Boomerang Shoes 2001 – Laura Scarborough – The Project Live 2002 – Bob Schneider – The Galaxy Kings 2002 – Stephen Bruton – Spirit World 2002 – Chris Thomas King – A Young Man's Blues 2003 – Lavelle White – Into The Mystic 2003 – Blaze – Aural Karate 2003 – Nicknack – Mustard Seed 2004 - Clay Moore - ¡Damelo! 2004 – Javier Vercher – Introducing Jarvier Vercher Trio 2004 – Fastball – Keep Your Wig On 2004 – Darden Smith – Circo 2006 – Leni Stern – Love Comes Quietly 2006 – Gecko Turner – Chandalismo Illustrado 2007 – Bobby Whitlock – Lovers 2007 – Greg Koch – Live on the Radio (featuring Joe Bonamassa and Robben Ford) 2008 – Michael Cross – Blues Lovin' Man 2009 – Radney Foster – Revival 2010 – Katie Armiger – The Confessions of a Nice Girl 2010 – Carrie Rodriguez – The New Bye & Bye 2010 – Betty Buckley – Bootleg: Boardmixes From The Road 2011 – Geno Stroia II – From The Hip 2011 – Lizz Wright – Tiny Desk Concert 2012 – Erik Sanne – De Fantastische Expeditie 2013 – Eric Burdon – 'Til Your River Runs Dry 2016 – Will Knaak – The Only Open Road 2017 – Eric Johnson – Collage DVDs 2005 – Robben Ford – New Morning: The Paris Concert References External links Official website American male drummers American jazz drummers Musicians from Austin, Texas Living people 1970 births 20th-century American drummers Jazz musicians from Texas 21st-century American drummers 20th-century American male musicians 21st-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians

2096805

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boril%20of%20Bulgaria

Boril of Bulgaria

Boril () was the emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1207 to 1218. He was the son of an unnamed sister of his predecessor, Kaloyan and Kaloyan's brothers, Peter II and Ivan Asen I, who had restored the independent Bulgarian state. After Kaloyan died unexpectedly in October 1207, Boril married his widow, a Cuman princess and seized the throne. His cousin, Ivan Asen, fled from Bulgaria, enabling Boril to strengthen his position. His other kinsmen, Strez and Alexius Slav, refused to acknowledge him as the lawful monarch. Strez took possession of the land between the Struma and Vardar rivers with the support of Stefan Nemanjić of Serbia. Alexius Slav secured his rule in the Rhodope Mountains with the assistance of Henry, the Latin Emperor of Constantinople. Boril launched unsuccessful military campaigns against the Latin Empire and the Kingdom of Thessalonica during the first years of his reign. He convoked the synod of the Bulgarian Church in early 1211. At the assembly, the bishops condemned the Bogomils for heresy. After an uprising broke out against him in Vidin between 1211 and 1214, he sought the assistance of Andrew II of Hungary, who sent reinforcements to suppress the rebellion. He made peace with the Latin Empire in late 1213 or early 1214. After Henry died in 1216 and Andrew II left Hungary for a crusade, Ivan Asen returned to Bulgaria. He captured and blinded Boril in Tarnovo in 1218. Early life Boril was the son of a sister of three emperors (or tsars) of restored Bulgarian Empire, Peter II, Ivan Asen I and Kaloyan. The etymology of his name is uncertain: it may be connected either to the Slavic verb boriti ("to fight"), or to the Turkic noun böri ("wolf"). Historian Alexandru Madgearu says most recorded variants of the name (Borilǔ, Burile, Borilus, Burillus) suggest that "it was pronounced Borilǎ, as in Romanian". Reign Rise to the throne Kaloyan died suddenly while besieging Thessaloniki in October 1207. Rumours began to spread claiming that he was killed by the patron saint of the besieged town, Demetrius. A version of these stories claims that the saint persuaded one Manastras to kill the tsar. The Latin Emperor of Constantinople, Henry, stated in one of his letters that Boril "had imposed his will by violence and usurped the imperial name and insignia". Henri de Valenciennes (who continued the chronicle of Geoffrey of Villehardouin after 1207) likewise described Boril as a renegade who unlawfully seized the imperial crown. According to Madgearu, both reports suggest that Boril had his uncle murdered, most likely in cooperation with Kaloyan's wife. Historian John V. A. Fine, however, emphasises that "there is no evidence against Boril". Boril married Kaloyan's widow either to strengthen his claim to the throne, or to secure the Cumans' support. However, many noblemen (among them members of his family) always regarded him as a usurper. Ivan Asen's underage son of the same name soon fled to the Cumans and later to the "lands of the Russians" (that is to Halych or Kiev). Boril's brother, Strez, sought refuge in Serbia. Instead of extraditing him, Stefan Nemanjić of Serbia granted him the fortress of Prosek. A third relative, Alexius Slav, took possession of the region of the Rhodope Mountains, which surrounded his castle at Tsepina. War with the Latins In the reign of Kaloyan, the Greek noblemen of eastern Thrace had risen up against the Bulgarian Empire, seeking assistance from the Latin Empire; this rebellion would continue against Boril, who left for Thrace to reconquer the region in May 1208. Boril left for Thrace to reconquer the region in May 1208. During his march, he seized parts of Alexius Slav's territory before stopping at Stara Zagora. The Latin Emperor personally led his army against Boril, forcing him to withdraw to Plovdiv. Although Boril's army outnumbered the Latin troops, Henry defeated him near the town on 8 July. The Latins captured Plovdiv and Alexius Slav voluntarily paid homage to Henry to secure his assistance against Boril. While Boril was waging war against the Latins, Stefan Nemanjić invaded Macedonia and occupied the land between the Struma and Vardar rivers. He granted the occupied territories to Strez but left Serbian troops in the region to secure his loyalty. The Greeks of Serres in the Kingdom of Thessalonica sent envoys to Boril's commander in Melnik, seeking his assistance against the Latins in early 1209. Henry soon intervened and suppressed their revolt. Boril concluded an alliance with Theodore I Laskaris, Emperor of Nicaea, and Michael I Komnenos Doukas, the Greek ruler of Epirus, against the Latins. He also made peace with Strez who had turned against Nemanjić. Boril convened a synod of the Church of his realm in Tarnovo in early 1211. The bishops confirmed the Orthodox confession adopted at the synod of Constantinople in 843 and condemned the Bogomils, ordering their persecution as heretics. The synod established the date of Easter in accordance with the Catholic calendar. Boril, who had presided over the synod, ordered the publication of its decisions in Bulgarian on 11 February 1211. Boril sent an army to a mountain pass to prepare an ambush for the Latin Emperor Henry who was returning from Thessaloniki to Constantinople in April 1211. Having been informed of Boril's plan, Henry gathered his troops from the nearby Latin fortresses and forced Boril to withdraw his army. Strez invaded the Kingdom of Thessalonica, but Michael of Epirus, who had made peace with the Latins, invaded his realm. Boril intervened in the conflict on Strez's behalf, but their united armies were defeated near Bitola in early summer. He launched an assault on Thessaloniki in October, but Eustace of Flanders, who administered the kingdom as regent, forced him to lift the siege. Alexius Slav intervened the conflict on Eustace's behalf and captured Melnik. Uprising John Fine says Boril held the Church synod to secure the support of the clergy for himself, because "popular dissatisfaction with his reign may still have existed" in 1211. An uprising which broke out in Vidin between 1211 and 1214 demonstrated the existence of popular discontent with him. The exact circumstances of the movement are uncertain, because the only source of information about these events are in fragmentary data preserved in a Hungarian royal charter issued in 1250. Boril was unable to suppress the rebellion without external assistance, turning to Andrew II of Hungary, reminding him of "their reliable friendship". Andrew dispatched Joachim, Count of Hermannstadt (now Sibiu in Romania), to Bulgaria at the head of an army of Saxon, Vlach, Székely and Pecheneg troops. Joachim first routed three Cuman chieftains who tried to halt his invasion, then captured Vidin and returned it to Boril. Reconciliation A papal legate (identified as Pelagius of Albano) came to Bulgaria in the summer of 1213. He continued his journey towards Constantinople, implying that his mediation contributed to the subsequent reconciliation between Boril and Henry. Boril desired peace because he had already realised that he would be unable to regain the Thracian territories lost to the Latin Empire; Henry wanted peace with Bulgaria in order to resume his war against Emperor Theodore I Laskaris. After lengthy negotiations, Henry married Boril's stepdaughter (whom modern historians wrongly call Maria) in late 1213 or early 1214. In early 1214, Boril offered the hand of his unnamed daughter to Andrew II of Hungary's son and heir, Béla. Madgearu says he also renounced the lands that Andrew had claimed from Bulgaria (including Braničevo). In an attempt to conquer new lands, Boril launched an invasion of Serbia, laying siege to Niš in 1214, aided by troops sent by Henry. At the same time, Strez invaded Serbia from the south, although he was killed during his campaign. Boril was unable to seize Niš however, due to conflicts between the Bulgarian and Latin troops. Conflicts between Boril and the Latin troops prevented them from capturing the town. Fall Boril was deprived of his two principal allies by 1217, as Latin Emperor Henry died in July 1216, and Andrew II left Hungary to lead a crusade to the Holy Land in 1217; this position of weakness enabled his cousin, Ivan Asen, to invade Bulgaria. Boril was beaten by Ivan Asen in battle, and forced to withdraw to Tarnovo, which Ivan's troops laid siege to. The Byzantine historian, George Akropolites, stated that the siege lasted "for seven years", however most modern historians believe that it was actually seven months. After Ivan Asen's troops seized the town in 1218, Boril attempted to flee, but was captured and blinded. No further information was recorded about Boril's fate. Family Akropolites described Boril's first wife (the widow of his uncle) as a "Scythian" (or Cuman). Boril's marriage to his uncle's widow violated canon law, but the Bulgarian Church did not protest against it. Baldwin of Avesnes, the Chronicle of Flanders and other Western European chronicles say that an unnamed niece of the Latin Emperor Henry (the daughter of his sister, Yolanda of Flanders, and Peter II of Courtenay) was given in marriage to "Johannis", who is associated with Boril. Historians who accept the reliability of this report say that Boril married Henry's niece after their peace treaty in 1213 or 1214. If this theory is valid, Boril's first wife either had died or had been sent to a monastery. Boril's daughter was engaged to the Hungarian crown prince, Béla, in 1214, but the marriage never took place, due to Boril's deposition. References Sources Primary sources George Akropolites: The History (Translated with and Introduction and Commentary by Ruth Macrides) (2007). Oxford University Press. . Secondary sources Further reading |- 12th-century births 13th-century deaths 13th-century Bulgarian emperors Eastern Orthodox monarchs Asen dynasty

55183361

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motlatsi%20Maseela%20%28athlete%29

Motlatsi Maseela (athlete)

Motlatsi Maseela (born 1 October 1971) is a Lesotho sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1996 Summer Olympics. References 1971 births Living people Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics Lesotho male sprinters Olympic athletes of Lesotho Athletes (track and field) at the 1994 Commonwealth Games Commonwealth Games competitors for Lesotho Place of birth missing (living people)

3232910

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio%20X

Studio X

Studio X (formerly known as Bad Animals Studio and Kaye-Smith Studios) is a music and media recording studio on 4th Avenue in downtown Seattle, Washington, United States. Originally part of the Kaye-Smith Enterprises media conglomerate founded by Lester Smith and actor Danny Kaye, the studio was used to record commercials and musicians. The studio was re-launched as Steve Lawson Productions by Steve and Debbie Lawson in 1979. The sisters Ann and Nancy Wilson of the band Heart owned the studio from 1991 until 1997, and named it Bad Animals after their 1987 album of the same name. Artists such as Heart, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Nirvana, Queensrÿche, Mad Season, Foo Fighters, Audioslave, Aerosmith, The Beach Boys, Jerry Cantrell, Eddie Vedder, Duff McKagan, Johnny Cash, B.B. King, Radiohead, R.E.M., Deftones, Soulfly, Steve Vai, and Neil Young have recorded at the studio. History In 1991, Nancy and Ann Wilson of the band Heart entered into a partnership with Steve Lawson, who owned Kaye-Smith Studios where many of their 1970s hits, as well as their 1980 album Bébé le Strange, had been recorded. They upgraded the facility to the state-of-the-art, and renamed it Bad Animals Studio. The studio was named after Heart's 1987 album, Bad Animals. Ann and Nancy sold the studio back to the Lawsons in 1997, and it was renamed Studio X. Several of the Humongous Entertainment games were also recorded by Bad Animals Studios. In May 1993, Nirvana entered Bad Animals Studios to remix the songs "Heart-Shaped Box" and "All Apologies" for their album In Utero. The music video for Soundgarden's 1994 single "Fell on Black Days" was filmed at the studio. In 1997, Steve Lawson sold Bad Animals to Mike McAuliffe, Dave Howe, Charlie Nordstrom and Tom McGurk. In 1998, the Spice Girls recorded vocals for the song "Boyfriend/Girlfriend", their contribution to the South Park soundtrack at the studio. In 2001, Bill Brown recorded all of the music for Microsoft's Windows XP operating system with a live orchestra at the studio. On September 1, 2003, Seattle radio station KNDD 107.7 The End hosted a solo acoustic performance by Thom Yorke at Studio X. In October 2017, the studio was purchased for $21.6 million by Skanska, which plans to build a 346-unit multifamily tower with ground-floor retail in the building. On October 31, 2018, Studio X, now managed by Reed Ruddy, moved its location from Belltown to Capitol Hill. Alice in Chains' 2018 album Rainier Fog was the last album recorded at the original studio. Albums recorded at Bad Animals/Studio X Partial list. Bette Midler (1973) – Bette Midler (as Kaye-Smith Studios) Track of the Cat (1975) – Dionne Warwick (overdubbing) (as Kaye-Smith Studios) Little Queen (1977) – Heart (as Kaye-Smith Studios) M.I.U. Album (1978) – The Beach Boys (as Kaye-Smith Studios) Bébé le Strange (1980) – Heart (as Kaye-Smith Studios) Greatest Hits/Live (1980) – Heart (as Kaye-Smith Studios) Private Audition (1982) – Heart (as Kaye-Smith Studios) Automatic For The People (1992) – R.E.M. (mixing) Inhaler (1993) – Tad (mixing) Desire Walks On (1993) – Heart Superunknown (1994) – Soundgarden Live Through This (1994) – Hole (mixing) Vitalogy (1994) – Pearl Jam Above (1995) – Mad Season Mirror Ball (1995) – Neil Young The Road Home (1995) – Heart (mixing) Adrenaline (1995) – Deftones Lucy (1995) – Candlebox (mixing) Alice in Chains (1995) – Alice in Chains Down on the Upside (1996) – Soundgarden New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996) – R.E.M. Yield (1998) – Pearl Jam Boggy Depot (1998) – Jerry Cantrell Heart Presents A Lovemongers' Christmas (1998) – Heart 13 Ways to Bleed on Stage (2000) – Cold Riot Act (2002) – Pearl Jam Audioslave (2002) – Audioslave Deftones (2003) – Deftones Savages (2003) – Soulfly Transatlanticism (2003) – Death Cab for Cutie Catch Without Arms (2005) – Dredg Pearl Jam (2006) – Pearl Jam Into the Wild (2007) – Eddie Vedder Ukulele Songs (2011) – Eddie Vedder Fanatic (2012) – Heart The Heist (2012) – Macklemore & Ryan Lewis King Animal (2012) – Soundgarden Lightning Bolt (2013) – Pearl Jam Satyricon (2013) – Satyricon Rainier Fog (2018) – Alice in Chains Film scores recorded at Bad Animals/Studio X Army of Darkness (1992) Dennis the Menace (1993) 10 Things I Hate About You (1999) Office Space (1999) The Way of the Gun (2000) The Wedding Planner (2001) Vanilla Sky (2001) Big Fish (2003) Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2005) Into the Wild (2007) Orphan (2009) The Blind Side (2009) Eat Pray Love (2010) Carol (2014) The Founder (2016) Video game scores recorded at Bad Animals/Studio X Halo 2 Original Soundtrack (2004) Star Wars: Republic Commando (2005) Halo 3 Original Soundtrack (2007) The Incredible Hulk (2008) Halo: Reach Original Soundtrack (2010) Solitaire Blitz (2012) Plants vs. Zombies Adventures (2013) Destiny Original Soundtrack (2014) Peggle 2 Original Soundtrack (2014) Age of Empires II (2013) Heroes of Skyrealm (2016) References External links Bad Animals Studio X 1979 establishments in Washington (state) Companies based in Seattle Music of Seattle Recording studios in Washington (state)

5244138

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Catherine%27s%20School%2C%20Waverley

St Catherine's School, Waverley

St Catherine's School (commonly referred to as St Cath's) is a private Anglican Junior and Senior day and boarding school, located in Waverley, an eastern suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1856 as a school for the daughters of clergy, St Catherine's is the oldest Anglican girls' school in Australia. It is also the oldest private girls' school in Australia. It is a non-selective school, and currently caters for approximately 1,000 girls from Year K to Year 12, including 70 boarders. The school is affiliated with the Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia (AGSA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Australian Boarding Schools' Association (ABSA), and is a founding member of the Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools (AHIGS). St Catherine's has been reviewed by the Good Schools Guide International. History St Catherine's School traces its origins to 1855, when Jane Barker, wife of Frederic Barker, second Archbishop of Sydney, decided to establish a school for the daughters of the clergy. Barker and her husband had travelled throughout New South Wales, and realised that the poor stipends of the clergy in country areas meant that their daughters could not benefit from a good education. Within five months, Barker had raised enough money to secure a premises in Point Piper Road (now Jersey Road), Edgecliff, and had hired Ms Loftus to run the St Catherine's Clergy Daughters School. Barker wished for her school to be modelled on Casterton School, the school attended by the Brontë sisters, who were themselves the daughters of a poor clergyman. The Clergy Daughters School was officially opened in its temporary location on 5 March 1856. Shortly after the school's opening, Barker was able to secure a land grant of near Waverley, and began to look towards the creation of a small missionary settlement, including the Clergy Daughters' School, a church, parsonage and a village school. In September 1857, the foundation stone of the new School was laid, and in 1859, the sandstone building which remains the focus of the School today, was completed. Barker continued to be closely involved with the fledgling Clergy Daughters' school until her death in 1876. When enrolments began to decline during the depression years of 1891–1895, day girls were admitted to the school for the first time. The principal, Ms Darling, also introduced the first school uniform during this time, in the form of an olive green dress. In 1933, the house system was introduced. After the Second World War, the swimming pool, a new assembly building and the junior school were added amongst other renovations. A new sports centre was opened in 2002. Houses Barker was named after the Bishop and Mrs Barker, Casterton House after the school on which St Catherine's was modelled, and the third House was named Bronte as Charlotte Brontë had mentioned Casterton in Jane Eyre. Hulme-Moir and Sutherland were created in 1987. Headmistresses Campus Since 1859, St Catherine's School has been situated on one suburban campus, currently in size and featuring a mix of 19th century and modern buildings, gardens and views to the Tasman Sea. Some notable facilities of the college include the Jo Karaolis Sports Centre, with facilities for netball, tennis, basketball and gymnastics and school functions; the Dame Joan Sutherland Centre for the Performing Arts, featuring a drama theatre, recording studio, dance studio, band room and music practice and teaching areas; computing facilities in the Sutherland Centre; an Independent Learning Centre and Student Meeting Room; swimming pool; Junior School and library; and Year 12 common room and Senior School Library; The Boarding House, uniform shop, deli, museum and playgrounds. After school care facilities are also located on site. Notable alumnae Former students of St Catherine's School are known as "Old Girls" and may elect to join the schools Alumni association, known as the "Old Girls' Union". The Old Girls' Union was established on 11 November 1898 by Miss Charlotte Elizabeth Fox, the Headmistress at the time. At its foundation the aim of the union was to keep past pupils in contact with the school and promote its good, whilst also encouraging younger members to continue furthering their talents after graduation. Some notable Old Girls' of St Catherine's include: Entertainment, media and the arts Eirene Mort – artist Mouche Phillips - actress. Dame Joan Sutherland – operatic soprano Victoria Baron - make up artist Rachael Coopes - actress Lauren Dubois- author/journalist Charlotte Begg- Mamamia journalist Medicine and science Una Lucy Fielding – pioneering neuroanatomist Tamara Davis - astrophysicist Sport Gabi Simpson- netball Lizzie Welborn Amy Ridge General Joan, Lady Cutler (the second wife of Sir Roden Cutler) also attended Meriden School See also List of Anglican schools in New South Wales Anglican education in Australia List of boarding schools in Australia References External links St. Catherine's School website Review by the Good Schools Guide International 1856 establishments in Australia Anglican secondary schools in Sydney Educational institutions established in 1856 Anglican primary schools in Sydney Boarding schools in New South Wales Girls' schools in New South Wales Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools Junior School Heads Association of Australia Member Schools Waverley, New South Wales Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia

32181349

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirko%20Luli%C4%87

Mirko Lulić

Mirko Lulić (born 6 January 1962) is a Croatian former football player. He spent his career playing in the top flights of Yugoslavia and later Croatia. Career Born in Kosa Janjačka, SR Croatia while still within SFR Yugoslavia, Lulić played with NK Osijek from 1979 until 1984. According to various internet player history pages, in 1988 he moved to one of their main Yugoslav First League rivals, Red Star Belgrade where he played the 1988–89 season. But, that is not correct fact. During 1988-89 season, he played for Dinamo both in European matches in October 1988 and in Yugoslav league matches during 1989 spring. Match reports of both teams are the proof. After 1988-89 season, he did not play serious professional football actively for three years. In summer 1992 he returned to football but Dinamo Zagreb did not give him a chance for playing so he went to play the following season for second tier club NK Dubrava helping it win a promotion. While playing for Dubrava on December 18th 1992 he was in team in the international friendly match against Albania national football team. Later, in 1993 he returned to Dinamo Zagreb, renamed by then to Croatia Zagreb, and played the first half of the 1993–94 season, now in an independent Croatian First League. During the winter break of that season he returned to NK Osijek, and played with Osijek in the Croatian championship until 1996. Honours Dinamo Zagreb Croatian Cup: 1994 References 1962 births Living people Croatian footballers Yugoslav footballers NK Osijek players GNK Dinamo Zagreb players Red Star Belgrade footballers Yugoslav First League players Croatian First Football League players Association football defenders

66444558

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrsar%20Crljenka%20Airport

Vrsar Crljenka Airport

The Vrsar Crljenka Airport is an airport for general aviation in Croatia. It is located about 2 km southeast of Vrsar. The runway is 700m long and 18m wide. It is oriented north–south (runway mark 36–18). The altitude of the airport is 37 m. The runway thresholds are at 42.3m above sea level in the north (139') and 33.2 m above sea level (109') in the south, so that with a height difference of 9.1m (10') the runway has an inclination of 1.9 ° and 1.3%, respectively. The surface of the runway, the rolls and the platform are in asphalt. Vrsar Airport was built in 1976. It is equipped to accommodate and maintain small-sized aircraft: it has a fuel pump, a hangar, an aircraft service, a restaurant and customs office. The operator is North Adria Aviation from Vrsar. Navigation services (flight plan, meteorological situation and air traffic control) are performed by the operator via Pula Airport. It is intended for occasional air traffic and is involved in the following activities: Reception and maintenance of small-sized aircraft Panoramic flights over Istria Flights to domestic and foreign airports Sports flights (parachuting, training and competitions) Flights of medical services and rescue services Fire service flights Flights for advertising (throwing leaflets and pulling banners) The airport is registered for domestic and foreign air traffic. For foreign air traffic, the airport is open from April to November. Near the airport there is a memorial to Dragan Garvan and Dragutin Barić, members of the Croatian Air Force and air defense killed in the Croatian War of Independence who were brutally killed on December 21, 1991 during the Yugoslav army air attack on Crljenka airport. The shells of the cluster bomb were found 21 years later near the sports airport. In 1998 Vrsar hosted the XXIV World Parachuting Championship, which was attended by 245 competitors. References External links Zračna luka Vrsar na ''Istarskoj enciklopediji Aeronautičke karte Sky Vector Podatci o zračnoj luci Vrsar na The Great Circle Mapper Airports in Croatia 1962 establishments in Croatia Airports established in 1976 Airport Buildings and structures in Istria County Airport

34165180

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchandra%20railway%20station

Juchandra railway station

Juchandra is a Railway Station in Naigaon East on the Vasai Road-DivaJn.-Panvel Rail Route of Central Railway of the Mumbai Suburban Railway Network. Juchandra is a Rail Station after Kaman Road Rail Station in the South and before Vasai Road Rail Station in the North. Juchandra Railway Station is closely connected to Western Railway as well through Naigaon Railway Station. Naigaon and Juchandra Rail Stations are well connected by Road through Naigaon-Juchandra Link Road. Railway stations in Palghar district Mumbai Suburban Railway stations Mumbai CR railway division Transport in Vasai-Virar

29723629

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrelius%20Point

Lagrelius Point

Lagrelius Point () is a low, ice-free point on the northwest side of James Ross Island, Antarctica, south of Carlson Island. It was discovered and first surveyed in 1903 by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskiöld. He named it Cape Lagrelius after Axel Lagrelius of Stockholm, who had contributed toward the cost of the expedition. It was resurveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1952; "point" is now considered a more suitable descriptive term for this feature than "cape". References Headlands of James Ross Island

28537821

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25%20August%202010%20Iraq%20bombings

25 August 2010 Iraq bombings

On 25 August 2010, a string of attacks in Iraqi cities including Al-Muqdadiya, Kut, Baghdad, Fallujah, Tikrit, Kerbala, Kirkuk, Basra, Ramadi, Dujail, Mosul and Iskandariyah targeting mostly Iraqi security forces and checkpoints left at least 53 people dead and more than 270 injured. Background Following terms agreed to in the Status of Forces Agreement between the United States and Iraq, American combat forces were withdrawn from the country leaving less than 50,000 troops in the country. This was the lowest foreign troop count in the country since the 2003 Iraq War. There were concerns that the drawdown could lead to a rise in Al Qaeda-linked attacks. A scheduled speech by U.S. President Barack Obama will take note of the withdrawal of U.S. forces on the planned date of 31 August; the next day the U.S. mission will officially be renamed 'Operation New Dawn' from 'Operation Iraqi Freedom' in a ceremony at a U.S. base near the Baghdad airport. The attacks also came amid concern that the 2010 Iraqi general election was so inconclusive that a new government had not yet formed nearly six months after 7 March 2010 election date. Most insurgents are Sunnis, whereas the majority of the population, including the acting Prime Minister, are Shias. Quoting what it called a "prominent insurgent website" on the day of the attacks, The New York Times said the Sunni insurgents stated that "the countdown has begun to return Iraq to the embrace of Islam and its Sunnis, with God’s permission." Attacks The attacks were made in 13 cities and spanned the length of Iraq, from Mosul in the north to Basra in the far south of the country. The attacks demonstrated the ability of insurgents to make coordinated attacks across the country. The 25 August attacks included a full spectrum of types with over a dozen car bombs, hit-and-run shooting attacks and roadside bombs. A list of the attacks included: In the southern city of Kut, a suicide car bomber killed at least 19 policemen and wounded 90. A car bomb also hit a police check-point in Ameiriya wounding three people. In Kerbala, at least one person was killed and 29 people were wounded when a car bomb went off near a police station. In Kirkuk, one person died and another eight were wounded by a bomb attack. A parked minibus packed with explosives blew up near a police station in the southern oil hub city of Basra, wounding 12 people. A car bomb struck a bus station in Ramadi, killing 3 policemen and wounding 9 civilians. Car bombs in Dujail, Mosul and Iskandariyah killed 5 and wounded 21. Responsibility Though the Iraqi political leadership blamed Al Qaeda and the remnants of the Iraqi Baath party, Al Qaeda's Islamic State of Iraq claimed responsibility for the attacks saying that during "the month of fasting and jihad [we launched a] new earth-shaking wave [targeting] headquarters, centres and security barriers for the army and apostate police." Reaction Iraqi prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, issued a statement laying blame for the attacks. "Al-Qaeda in Iraq, and its allies from the Baath party, have once again committed an ugly crime against innocent civilians and the institutions of the state...to destabilise security and shake the confidence in the Iraqi security forces who are getting ready to take over security at the end of this month as the Americans withdraw." See also Terrorist incidents in Iraq in 2010 References 2010 murders in Iraq 21st-century mass murder in Iraq Car and truck bombings in Iraq Bombings in the Iraqi insurgency Islamic terrorist incidents in 2010 Suicide car and truck bombings in Iraq Suicide bombings in Iraq Mass murder in 2010 Terrorist incidents in Iraq in 2010 Terrorist incidents in Baghdad 2010 in Iraq August 2010 events in Asia

11277610

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Burkhardt

Hans Burkhardt

Hans Gustav Burkhardt (December 20, 1904 – April 22, 1994) was a Swiss-American abstract expressionist artist. Life and work Burkhardt was born in the industrial quarter of Basel, Switzerland. When he was three his father abandoned the family for America, and a few years later, when his mother died of tuberculosis, he and his sister went to live in an orphanage. Burkhardt was a 20-year-old gardener's apprentice in the orphanage when he left for New York to work as a cabinetmaker with his father. Within the year he had lost his father in a car accident and his step-mother to an illness. Captivated by Germanic art, he began dabbling in art in his spare time while learning how to decorate furniture in antique styles. He became foreman of the furniture company's decorating department. From 1925 to 1928 he attended the Cooper Union School of the Arts, where he befriended mentor Arshile Gorky and Willem de Kooning—sharing Gorky's studio from 1928 to 1937. Burkhardt's paintings of the 1930s are part of the genesis of American abstract expressionism. In 1937 he moved to Los Angeles and represented the most significant bridge between New York and Los Angeles. His experimental investigative approach paralleled, and in many instances anticipated, the development of modern and contemporary art in New York and Europe including the work of Mark Rothko, Jackson Pollock, and Barnett Newman. Burkhardt held his first solo exhibition in 1939 at Stendahl Gallery in Los Angeles, arranged by Lorser Feitelson, and, in response to the Spanish Civil War, he painted his first anti-war works. From the late 1930s he began to produce apocalyptic anti-war compositions, a theme which became particularly pronounced in an abstract expressionist style after the atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of the Second World War. He was praised for his “willingness to confront political reality directly in his art,” and in the 1940s he embarked on a body of work that underscored the duality evident throughout his entire oeuvre—cathartic works of power and poignancy contrasted by works of celebration and hope. In the years following an acclaimed (1945) solo exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum, Burkhardt continued in his art to respond to WWII, and endured censorship due to the proliferation of McCarthyism, and in the aftermath of Gorky's suicide in 1948, Burkhardt delved in to his grief and celebration of Gorky's life creating several versions of “Burial of Gorky” and a series entitled “Journey into the Unknown.” Burkhardt first visited Mexico in 1950, and spent the next decade living half of the year in and around Guadalajara. Strongly influenced by Mexican attitudes towards the dead, and by the country's colors, sensuality, and spiritual qualities, Burkhardt “painted the soul of Mexico” with Mexican themes and colors—especially those of burials and ceremonies surrounding death—permeating his abstract work. Art critics of the time considered him a "great Mexican master” alongside Orozco, Rivera, and Siqueiros, and Rufino Tamayo admired his work. Overall, in the 1950s Burkhardt held 23 solo exhibitions in Los Angeles and Mexico, and participated in group shows at over thirty museums worldwide. In the 1960s he produced paintings in protest against the Vietnam War, some of which incorporated the human skulls he had collected from Mexican graveyards. As art historian Donald Kuspit stated, Burkhardt was “a master—indeed the inventor—of the abstract memento mori.” In 1964, for the first time in forty years, Burkhardt returned to Basel, and began making annual summer visits where he became a friend of Mark Tobey—printing linocuts for the artist and collecting his work.  In the 1970s Burkhardt continued his anti-war paintings—incorporating protruding wooden spikes into the canvas—while simultaneously painting abstractions of merging lovers and cityscapes during his summer visits to Basel. His “Small Print” (protesting smoking), “Graffiti,” and “Northridge” series demonstrate the evolution of his symbolism, and his “Desert Storms” series, in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, was discussed by critic Peter Selz at a presentation at the International Congress of Art Critics Conference. In the last decades of his life, Burkhardt's work had moved from images of imbalance to a study of human tragedy—which he embraced in an attempt to discover beauty and facilitate understanding. Critic Peter Frank called Burkhardt “…one of America’s most vital abstract expressionist painters, someone who took the seed of the movement and cultivated it a rather different way in very different soil,” and historian Eugene Anderson declared Burkhardt “Goya’s spiritual heir.” Burkhardt taught at numerous colleges and universities and retired as a professor emeritus from California State University, Northridge. In 1992 Burkhardt was honored as the recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award by the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters’ Jimmy Ernst Award. Also in 1992, he established the Hans G. and Thordis W. Burkhardt Foundation. In 1993, the last year of his career, his final series “Black Rain” channeled pain and hardship, but provided poignant, symbolic beacons of hope and wishes for a better future for humanity. His unique role as an important American painter is affirmed by the constant interest and continuing reassessment afforded his work. Solo exhibitions 1939: Stendahl Gallery, Los Angeles, March 27 – April 17 1945: Hans Burkhardt, Los Angeles County Museum of Art 1951: Museo de Bellas Artes, Guadalajara, Mexico: Exhibicion de Pinturas Modernas; Comara Gallery, Los Angeles 1953: Fisher Gallery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 1957: Pasadena Art Museum, California: Ten Year Retrospective, June 14 – July 14; 1961-62: Thirty Year Retrospective (travelled to Santa Barbara Museum of Art, April 11 – May 7, 1961, Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery, January 9 – February 4, 1962, Legion of Honor (museum), San Francisco, June 10 – July 9, 1962) 1968: San Diego Museum of Art: Vietnam Paintings 1972: Long Beach Museum of Art, California: Retrospective 1950 – 1972, July 16 – September 24; 1973: California State University, Northridge, A Retrospective Exhibition, November 20 – December 7 1977: Santa Barbara Museum of Art, California, Linocuts and Pastels, March 5 – April 20; 1978: Laguna Beach Museum of Art, California: Mark Tobey / Hans Burkhardt, September 12 – October 23 1982: Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, Los Angeles: Arshile Gorky and Hans Burkhardt, January 9 – February 27 1983: Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, Los Angeles: Hans Burkhardt: Basel Graffiti Series; Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, Los Angeles: Hans Burkhardt: Recent Works, April 2 – May 7 1984: Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, Los Angeles: Pastels: 50 Years of Figurative Expressionism, April 7 – May 12 1985: Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, Los Angeles: Hans Burkhardt: The War Paintings, February 2 – March 23 1990-91 Portland Art Museum, Oregon: Mark Tobey and Hans Burkhardt: Works on Paper from the Permanent Collection 1991: Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, Los Angeles: Hans Burkhardt: Desert Storms, October 11 – November 30 1992: American Academy of Arts and Letters, New York: Hans Burkhardt, March 2 – March 29; 2008: California State University Northridge, Hans Burkhardt – The California State University Collection, August 25 – October 11 Group exhibitions 1947-48: Art Institute of Chicago: Abstract and Surrealist American Art, November 6, 1947 – January 11, 1948; Modern Institute of Art, Beverly Hills: Modern Artists in Transition; Legion of Honor (museum), San Francisco: 2nd Annual Exhibition of Painting, November 19, 1947 – January 4, 1948; Los Angeles County Museum of Art: Artists of L.A. and Vicinity, May 15 – June 30, 1948 1950: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: American Painting Today; California State Fair 1951: Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.: 22nd Biennial; Whitney Museum of American Art, New York: Contemporary American Painters; Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia; Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois, 60th Annual American Exhibition, October 25 – December 16 1964: Kunsthalle Basel, Switzerland; Long Beach Museum of Art, California: Art of Southern California: Early Moderns 1974: Los Angeles Institute of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles: Nine Senior Southern California Painters – Peter Krasnow, Nicholas Brigante, Lorser Feitelson, John McLaughlin, Florence Arnold, Helen Lunderberg, Emerson Woelffer, Hans Burkhardt 1976-77: Painting and Sculpture in California: The Modern Era (travelled to San Francisco Museum of Art, National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian, Washington, D.C.) 2004-5: Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts, Stanford University, From Picasso to Thiebaud: Modern & Contemporary Art, February 18 – June 20; An American Odyssey 1945 / 1980 (Debating Modernism), Circulo de Bellas Artes, Madrid, Spain, April 13 – May 30, 2004 (travelled to Domus Artium 2002, Salamanca, Spain, June 10 – July 31, Kiosco Alfonso, A Coruña, Spain, September 2 – October 2, QCC Art Gallery / CUNY, New York, October 24, 2004 – January 15, 2005); San Diego Museum of Art, Modern Art Installation, 2004 – 2005 2009-10: The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Arshile Gorky: In Context, October 21, 2009 – January 10, 2010; Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery, Barnsdall Park, LA Printmaking: 1962 to 1973, Los Angeles Printmaking Society: 20th National Exhibition, October 29, 2009 – January 3, 2010 2012: Pasadena Museum of California Art, LA Raw: Abject Expressionism in Los Angeles, 1945 – 1980, From Rico Lebrun to Paul McCarthy, January 22 – May 20; Brand Library Art Galleries, Glendale, California, Purchasing Power: Jurors Make Their Mark, January 21 – March 3; Alyce de Roulet Williamson Gallery, Art Center College of Design, Pasadena, Pages, October 12, 2012 – January 13, 2013; Peninsula Fine Arts Center, Newport News, Virginia, 50 Great Americans, October 21, 2012 – January 13, 2013 (travelled to Taubman Museum of Art, Roanoke, Virginia, February 15 – June 2, 2013) 2013: Jack Rutberg Fine Arts Gallery, Los Angeles, Letters From Los Angeles: Identity and Self Identity Through Text in Art, March 9 – April 30 2014: Los Angeles Convention Center, Los Angeles, LA Art Show 2014 (Group Show), January 15 – January 19; Orange County Museum of Art, Newport Beach, California, The Avant Garde Collection, September 7, 2014 – January 4, 2015; Pablo Goebel Fine Arts, Polanco, Mexico D.F., Laboratorio De Sueños: La Diаspora del Surrealismo en México, September 23 – November 20 2015: Los Angeles Convention Center, LA Art Show 2015 (Group Show), January 14 – January 18; Hollis Taggart Galleries, New York, New York, Gallery Selections, March 3; Palm Springs Art Museum, California, Modern Works from the Collection, March 28 – September 13 2017: Jack Rutberg Fine Arts Gallery (part of the Getty Foundation’s Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA), Hans Burkhardt in Mexico, September 23 — December 23 Publications Herskovic, Marika, American Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s An Illustrated Survey (New York School Press, 2003) Kuspit, Donald, Hans Burkhardt: Black Rain (Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, 1993) Selz, Peter, Hans Burkhardt: Desert Storms (Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, 1991) Bordeaux, Jean-Luc and Wortz, Melina, Hans Burkhardt: Pastels, 50 Years of Figurative Expressionism (Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, 1984) Hans Burkhardt: Paintings of the 1960s (Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, 2008) Hans Burkhardt: The California State University, Northridge Collection (California State University, Northridge, 2008) Wolfe, Townsend, Hans Burkhardt: Drawings 1932 – 1989 (The Arkansas Arts Center, 1996) Selz, Peter, Hans Burkhardt: Pastelle, Eine Retrospektive Von 1938 - 1983 (Berlin: Galerie Hesselbach, 1993) Hans Burkhardt: Paintings and Pastels, 1988 – 1989 (Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, 1990) Kuspit, Donald, Catastrophe According to Hans Burkhardt (Muhlenberg College, 1990) Hans Burkhardt: 1950 – 1960 (Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, 1987) Hans Burkhardt: The War Paintings, A Catalogue Raisonne (Santa Susana Press, 1984) de la Vega, Aurelio, Hans Burkhardt: Basel (Jack Rutberg Fine Arts, 1983) Awards 1945: Los Angeles County Museum, Annual Exhibition, Purchase Award, Oil 1951: Terry Art Institute, Miami, Cash Award 1954: Los Angeles County Museum, Second Prize, Modern Oil; California State Fair & Exposition, First Prize, Modern Oil 1955: Chaffey Community Art Association, Cash Award 1957: Los Angeles County Museum, Junior Art Council Prize; Los Angeles All-City Art Festival, Purchase Prize, Oil; California State Fair & Expo, Cash Award, Pastel 1958: Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Second Annual Pacific Coast Biennial; ALA Story Purchase Award 1960: Los Angeles All-City Art Festival, First Purchase Award, Watercolor; California Watercolor Society, Merchandise Award 1961: California All-City Art Festival, First Purchase Award, Oil 1962: California State Fair & Exposition, Second Prize, Modern Oil 1963: California Watercolor Society, Purchase Award 1969: Academia Tomasso Campanella, Rome, International Academy of Arts, Silver Medal 1991: Citation from Mayor Tom Bradley, City of Los Angeles (proclaiming Hans Burkhardt Week, October 11 through 17) 1992: American Academy & Institute of Arts & Letters, Jimmy Ernst Award in Art for Lifetime Achievement; LA Artcore, 4th Annual Award in Art Major collections British Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Kunsthalle Basel, Whitney Museum of American Art, Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art, Norton Simon Museum, Moderna Museet (Stockholm, Sweden), Ahmanson Collection, Arkansas Art Center (Little Rock, Arkansas), California State University (Northridge, California), Coca-Cola Collection, Columbia Museum of Art (South Carolina), Corcoran Gallery of Art, Detroit Institute of Arts, Downey Art Museum (California), Grunwald Center for the Graphic Arts, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Hirshhorn Collection (Washington, D.C.), Joslyn Art Museum (Omaha, Nebraska), Portland Museum of Art, Kunstmuseum (Switzerland), Laguna Beach Museum of Art (California), Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, Emily and Joe Lowe Gallery, University of Miami (Florida), Oakland Museum, Palm Springs Desert Museum, Pasadena Art Museum (California), Norton Simon Museum, Portland Museum of Art, San Diego Museum of Art, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Skirball Museum (Los Angeles), Tamarind Institute (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque), Weatherspoon Art Museum (North Carolina), American Jewish University (Los Angeles) External links Official website of The Hans Burkhardt Estate Obituary in The Los Angeles Times Oral history interview with Hans Burkhardt conducted 25 November 1974, by Paul J. Karlstrom, for the Smithsonian Archives of America Art Interview of Hans Burkhardt, part of "Los Angeles Art Community – Group Portrait" interview series, Center for Oral History Research, UCLA Library Special Collections, University of California, Los Angeles Hans and Thordis Burkhardt papers, 1905-1981 at the Smithsonian Archives of America Art References 1904 births 1994 deaths Abstract expressionist artists American contemporary painters Modern artists 20th-century American painters American male painters Artists from New York (state) Painters from California Art in Greater Los Angeles

44576665

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laetesia%20nornalupiensis

Laetesia nornalupiensis

Laetesia nornalupiensis is a species of sheet weaver spider found in Western Australia. It was described by Wunderlich in 1976. References Linyphiidae Spiders of Australia Arthropods of Western Australia Spiders described in 1976

68699073

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naruto%20Hich%C5%8D

Naruto Hichō

is a series of jidaigeki novels written by Eiji Yoshikawa. The stories were originally serialized as a serial in the Japanese newspaper Osaka Mainichishimbun , between 1926 and 1927. It has been re-released in book format in 1927 and 1933. Yoshikawa wrote the novel inspired by Shiba Kōkan's essay "Shunparōhikki". Adaptations Film Naruto Hichō (1926–27) a Makinopro production. Kōkayashiki (1949) a Daiei production, starring Kazuo Hasegawa and directed by Teinosuke Kinugasa. Naruto Hichō (1954) a Toei production, starring Utaemon Ichikawa and directed by Kunio Watanabe. Naruto Hichō Kōhen (1954) a Toei production, starring Utaemon Ichikawa and directed by Kunio Watanabe. A Fantastic Tale of Naruto (1957) a Daiei production, starring Kazuo Hasegawa and directed by Teinosuke Kinugasa. Naruto Hichō (1961) a Toei production, starring Kōji Tsuruta and directed by Kōkichi Uchida. Naruto Hichō Kanketsuhen (1961) a Toei production, starring Kōji Tsuruta and directed by Kōkichi Uchida. Television series Naruto Hichō (1959) a KR production. Naruto Hichō (1966) a Mainichi Broadcasting System production. Naruto Hichō (1977–78) a NHK production, starring Masakazu Tamura. Naruto Hichō (2018) a NHK production, starring Koji Yamamoto. References Japanese films Jidaigeki films Samurai films Film series Fictional samurai Japanese novels Japanese historical novels Japanese novels adapted into films Jidaigeki Jidaigeki television series

21282266

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Gouiffe%20%C3%A0%20Goufan

Marc Gouiffe à Goufan

Marc Gouiffe à Goufan (born 12 April 1984) is a Cameroonian retired footballer who played as a defender. Career Gouiffe à Goufan made his debut on the professional league level in the 2. Bundesliga for SC Paderborn 07 on 7 August 2005 when he came on as a substitute in the 67th minute in a game against SpVgg Unterhaching. References External links 1984 births Living people Cameroonian footballers Cameroonian expatriate footballers Cameroon international footballers SC Paderborn 07 players FC St. Pauli players VfL Wolfsburg II players SV Eintracht Trier 05 players FC Rapid Ghidighici players 2. Bundesliga players Moldovan National Division players Expatriate footballers in Germany Expatriate footballers in Moldova Expatriate footballers in Switzerland Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Germany Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Moldova Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland Association football defenders

21196481

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm%20in%20other%20media

Storm in other media

This is a list of all media appearances of the Marvel Comics character Storm. Television Storm has made numerous appearances in Marvel television shows, beginning with Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends up to the current Wolverine and the X-Men. X-Men Storm appears X-Men animated series of the mid-1990s, where she was originally voiced by Iona Morris for the first season and the first 7 episodes of Season 2, and then Alison Sealy-Smith for the rest of the series and the final version of the Season 1 episodes replacing Morris as the voice of Storm. She has served as second-in-command of the team. She also has many episodes dedicated to her. In the Season 5 episode "Storm Front", she is called upon by Arkon to save his entire planet, Polemachus. Shortly after aiding him, Arkon requests that remains with him and rule alongside him as empress. Arkon asks her to marry him. However, she leaves him after learning that he was the one responsible for the calamity in the first place and that his ships are bringing thousands of slaves from nearby planets, and comes to the realization that Arkon is a tyrant. In Season 2 two-part episode "Whatever It Takes", the Shadow King lures Storm home to Mt. Kilimanjaro by "possessing" her young spiritual son Mjnari, so Rogue and Storm travel to Africa to stop the Shadow King. After a brief fight Mjnari lures Shadow King back into the Astral Plain and the Shadow King is again trapped there. Storm also recurs more of her own episodes in "Savage Land Pt. 1 and 2", where Sauron captures Storm for her powers. During the series, she shows no love interest in Forge, however she does for Wolverine in an alternate reality episode entitled "One Man's Worth". She is also claustrophobic. Usually before activating her powers, she will chant a spell-like phrase pertaining to the specific element of which she calls upon. She is often seen throughout the series as Professor Xavier's comforter as well as a dear friend of Rogue's. X-Men: Evolution In X-Men: Evolution, Storm is portrayed as a teacher at Professor Xavier's Xavier Institute. In this version, she is the aunt of young X-Man Evan Daniels (codename Spyke) and a member of the staff at the Xavier Institute. Her fashion sense is usually purple colors and earth tones wearing either a skirt or silky fabric. She has a sister named Vivian, who does not exist in the comics. She is also the keeper of the X-Mansion's greenhouse, mostly because she is a terrific gardener and she needs no watering can and has been considering as the standby of Professor Xavier. In the episode "African Storm", her past life is revealed. Storm is tormented by Houngan, an evil African shaman who wants to take over Africa. There is no evidence she was a thief in this adaption. Storm and the X-Men have to stop an enemy who knows every weakness of hers. The Houngan used mostly Storm's claustrophobia. During the end of Season 4 in "Ascension (Part 1)", Apocalypse turns Storm into one of the four Horsemen. She gains both the ability to produce even greater storms. She is later turned back at the end of the series. She was voiced by Canadian actress, Kirsten Williamson. Wolverine and the X-Men She appears in Wolverine and the X-Men voiced by actress Susan Dalian, though her role in the show is much smaller compared to other versions. She wears a somewhat modified version of her Uncanny X-Men/Fantastic Four costume. Storylines such as her past as a child thief and involvement with the Shadow King have maintained. In the episode "Overflow", Professor X shows Wolverine a future vision of a destroyed Africa and reveals that Storm is the one who destroyed it. It is not long before the Shadow King takes control of Storm's body. Shadow King manipulates Storm into fighting the X-Men and destroying parts of Africa. After Iceman, Shadowcat, and Beast are knocked unconscious Wolverine and Cyclops are left to save Storm while Emma Frost telepathically battles the Shadow King in Storm's mind. Emma separates the Shadow King from Storm's body long enough for him to be destroyed and Storm leaves Africa to rejoin the X-Men. Storm says that she is staying alongside her family (the X-Men) and that they must ensure when Professor awakens, it is a world worth living in. Ororo was also in a romantic relationship with Angel up until his transformation into Archangel. Such a close romantic relationship was never found in the comics or other animated series. Compared to the other media representations of the character this adaptation of Storm is the most reserved and timid, a far cry from her comic book counterpart and other televised adaptations. For instance, this Storm has been knocked out or incapacitated numerous times more often than other X-Men of the show to focus more on Wolverine. Storm, in the comics as well as the other animated X-Men series, was one of, if not the last X-Men to be taken down in a fight. However, her importance to the team is invaluable as the team recognizes her as the strongest and most powerful X-Man. When berated by a hoard of Sentinels and Storm is knocked out, Cyclops stresses how important it is to wake her to attack before the robots annihilate them all. Marvel Super Hero Squad Storm appears in The Super Hero Squad Show voiced by Cree Summer. Storm appears to go to Xavier's until Mysterious Mayhem at the Mutant Academy, where she graduates with Wolverine. She says that the Black Panther is her boyfriend, though in the later comics they are married. Black Panther Storm appears in Black Panther voiced by Jill Scott. Marvel Anime This incarnation of Storm in the Marvel Anime series is modeled in facial appearance after the movies' version played by Halle Berry. In personality she is portrayed being confident, level-headed, calming and slightly shown as passionate; being sent by Xavier just in case a feud was to be built between Wolverine and Cyclops in the 1st episode. Her personality and characteristics seem arguably more based on the Mainstream comic's version than the Ultimate comic's version. She is a reminder to her Animated 1990s version as she is shown to be caring and almost a mentor to the young in understanding their mutation as she has helped Hisako in episode 5, as she did to Jubilee in the Animated series. She seems to play a prime role alongside the other X-Men equally and is shown to be a powerhouse and has enormously great control over her abilities. She is voiced by Aya Hisakawa in the Japanese Dub and Danielle Nicolet in the English Dub. Wolverine versus Sabretooth Storm appears in the Wolverine versus Sabretooth motion comic, voiced by Kathleen Barr. Guest appearances Storm first made guest appearances on the Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends in the episodes titled "A Firestar Is Born", "The Education of a Superhero", and "The X-Men Adventure" alongside various other X-Men. She was voiced by Kathy Garver in "The X-Men Adventure" and Anne Lockhart in "A Firestar Is Born". In 1989, Storm then appeared in a TV pilot that later was released on video in X-Men: Pryde of the X-Men. Andi Chapman provided her voice. Storm guest-starred in Spider-Man: The Animated Series in the 1990s. First in the Season 2 episodes "The Mutant Agenda" and "Mutant's Revenge," along with the rest of the X-Men (voiced by Alison Sealy-Smith). Then, in Season 5, Storm appears in all three of the 'Secret Wars' episodes (voiced by Iona Morris). In the animated film Next Avengers: Heroes of Tomorrow, depicting a futuristic team of Avengers composed of the children of classic Marvel heroes, Storm (though unnamed in the film) and T'Challa, as well as the other Avengers, die while fighting the indestructible robot, Ultron. As the lone survivor, Iron Man raises Storm and T'Challa's son Azari along with the other children of the fallen Avengers. The children eventually reform the Avengers as its new members. Azari inherits Storm's electrical abilities, able to focus them on panther-shaped energy or items such as a bo staff, as well as T'Challa's martial arts prowess and the spirit of the Panther God. He becomes fiercely dedicated to Iron Man, often attempting to get his teammates to listen to Tony Stark's orders. In the Ultimate Spider-Man episode "Electro", a Daily Bugle news crawl mentions that Storm has been quoted as saying she had nothing to do with Electro's lightning attacks on New York. Storm appears in several episodes of Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers, voiced by Yayoi Sugaya. Commercials Storm has appeared in American television commercials for Universal Studios theme park, M&M's, and Visa Check cards. Film Halle Berry portrayed Storm in four installments of the X-Men film franchise: X-Men, X2, X-Men: The Last Stand and X-Men: Days of Future Past. A younger version of the character appeared in the 2016 film X-Men: Apocalypse and the 2019 film Dark Phoenix, portrayed by Alexandra Shipp. In X-Men, she is a member of the X-Men team when Wolverine encounters them, saving him from Sabretooth. She fights with the other X-Men in order to save Rogue and stop Magneto, and succeed to defeat on her own Toad. In the sequel X2, the X-Men teams up with Magneto in order to save their race. She and Jean Grey find Nightcrawler and persuade him to join the X-Men. She and Nightcrawler later succeed in stopping a brainwashed Xavier from killing humans and free him from William Stryker's Cerebro. In The Last Stand, in which she is given a larger role, she acts as the new leader of the X-Men after the supposed death of Charles Xavier, and finally succeeds to defeat Magneto once again. It is also implied that Storm harbors an unrequited love for Wolverine, and is one of the few people who are aware of his affections for Jean. This is shown in a deleted scene in Days of Future Past where Storm and Wolverine share a kiss. In The Wolverine, she appears in a photograph with Wolverine in Yashida's scrapbook. In Days of Future Past, set many years later, Wolverine's mind is sent into the past in order to change history and stop the war between humans and mutants before it begins. Storm, along with other mutants, try to stop the Sentinels until Wolverine succeeds his mission. Unfortunately, Storm is killed by a Sentinel impaling her in a surprise attack from behind as it climbed the wall, throwing her body down the mountainside. However, Wolverine's mission is a success, and these events are erased and Wolverine awakens into a new timeline, in which Storm is still alive. In the first film, Berry attempted to portray Storm with the Kenyan accent she has in the comics, but this aspect was decidedly left out of the following two films. For her role in The Last Stand, Berry received a People's Choice Awards for "Best Female Action Hero." A young Ororo Munroe makes a cameo appearance in X-Men: First Class during a scene where a young Charles Xavier uses Cerebro to scan the minds of mutants across the globe. A photo of Berry as Storm also appears in The Wolverine. Another young version of the character was to appear in a cameo in the prequel X-Men Origins: Wolverine portrayed by April Elleston Enahoro. Some of the footage was incorporated into some teaser trailers. The footage was not included in the final release of the film but was included as Bonus Material on the DVD/Blu-ray release. Storm's brief appearance in the film takes place when Stryker's team is interrogating people in Africa while searching for adamantium. A young white-haired child is seen watching the interrogations while a storm begins to brew. Storm appears in 2016's X-Men: Apocalypse, with Alexandra Shipp portraying a young Storm. She is initially manipulated and her Mohawk hair color permanently turns white (like in the original film trilogy) by the newly awakened Apocalypse, contrary to canon in the comics, which depicts her hair color originating from her ancestry. She joins his Horsemen of Apocalypse as Famine in the belief that his goal is to save the world. However, once she witnesses him abandon the wounded Angel for failing and his subsequent brutal assault on the X-Men, she sees his real colors and turns against him to help the X-Men, afterward joining them. In the 2017 film Logan, Storm appears on the cover of the fictional X-Men comic owned by Laura, fighting Sauron with Wolverine, as illustrated for the film by Dan Panosian. Shipp portrays the character in a brief cameo in Deadpool 2, and reprises the role in Dark Phoenix. Theme park ride Along with Doctor Doom, the Hulk, and Spider-Man, Storm also has a ride in Marvel Super Hero Island of Universal Studios. The ride, based on a common teacup ride, is called "Storm Force Accelatron". It includes fog effects and strobe lights (to simulate lightning) which can be seen if ridden after dark. She is the first superheroine and the first X-Man to have a ride named after her. Video games Storm appeared in the X-Men arcade game by Konami. Storm appeared in Spider-Man and the X-Men in Arcade's Revenge by LJN and Flying Edge. Storm appeared in X-Men: Children of the Atom, by Capcom, voiced by Catherine Disher. Storm appeared in X-Men vs. Street Fighter, voiced by Catherine Disher. Storm appeared in Marvel vs. Capcom series. In Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes, she was one of the assist characters. In Marvel vs. Capcom 2: New Age of Heroes, voiced by Catherine Disher. She is often referred as being tied to Sentinel or beating him as the best character in the game. Storm appeared in the first-person shooter X-Men: The Ravages of Apocalypse. Storm appeared in X-Men: Mutant Academy. Storm appeared in X-Men: Mutant Academy 2, voiced by Alison Sealy-Smith. Storm appeared in X-Men: Next Dimension. Storm appeared in X-Men Legends, voiced by Cheryl Carter. Storm appeared in X-Men Legends II: Rise of Apocalypse, voiced by Dawnn Lewis. She has special dialogue with Dark Beast. Storm is a playable character in the EA video game Marvel Nemesis: Rise of the Imperfects, voiced by Estelle Liebenberg. Storm appears as a non-playable character in the video game based on the film, X-Men: The Official Game, voiced by Debra Wilson. Dawnn Lewis reprises her role of Storm who is a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance. Outside of bringing up her history of fighting the Mandarin to Nick Fury, she has special dialogue with Dark Colossus, Henry Pym, Lilandra, Professor X, Senator Kelly and Vision. One simulation disc has Storm defending her friends from Hussar and another has Blade defending Storm from Dark Spider-Man. Storm made an appearance in 1992's The Amazing Spider-Man 2 for the Game Boy. Storm appears in the PlayStation 2 and PSP versions of Spider-Man: Web of Shadows, voiced by Tangie Ambrose. She appears as an assist character who will call upon lightning to take out any enemy. Dawnn Lewis reprises her role of Storm who is a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2. She is locked into the Anti-Reg side during the Civil War portion of the game version of PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable and Wii. In the game she has a special conversation with the Black Panther. Storm appears as a playable character in the Marvel Super Hero Squad video game. Cree Summer reprised her role. A Storm costume is available as downloadable content for the LittleBigPlanet, as part of "Marvel Costume Kit 4". Storm appears in the crossover fighting games Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds and Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3. Susan Dalian reprises her role. She wears her more classical outfit worn in the comics compared to the previous Marvel vs. Capcom title. She also has an additional Hyper Combo. Storm is a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online, in both her modern outfit and her mohawk alternate look, voiced by Grey DeLisle. Storm is a playable character in the Facebook game Marvel: Avengers Alliance. Storm appears as a playable character in the 2012 fighting game Marvel Avengers: Battle for Earth, voiced by Danielle Nicolet. Storm was a playable character in the MMORPG Marvel Heroes, voiced again by Danielle Nicolet. Storm appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes, voiced again by Danielle Nicolet. There are four playable versions of Storm ("Modern", "Classic", "Mohawk" and "Ororo Munroe") in the match-three mobile game Marvel Puzzle Quest. Storm is one of the first characters that a new player to the game is able to recruit. Storm appears as a playable character in Marvel: Future Fight. Storm appears as a playable character in Marvel Powers United VR, voiced by Kimberly Brooks. Storm will appear as a playable character in Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order, voiced by Mara Junot. Storm appears as a playable character in 2019 MOBA game Marvel Super War. Her role in the game is energy with beginner difficulty to play. She uses lightning and wind as main attacks with her ultimate move is she summons forth a thunder strike in targeted area, before the lightning diffuses into X-shaped area, and her ultimate will immediately reset if it is able to eliminate any hero. Storm is an unlockable outfit in Fortnite Battle Royale Chapter 2, Season 4, titled "Nexus War". Live performance Storm will appear in the Marvel Universe: LIVE! arena show. Toys Storm is the fourteenth figurine in the Classic Marvel Figurine Collection. Toy Biz- Storm was among the first X-Men figures in Marvel's 1991 X-Men line, a figure that was reissued in 1994 as female figures in the line grew more popular. Storm would go on to become one of the most popular X-Men figurines, issued across multiple lines in assorted scales. Storm had a 10-inch figure in the Marvel Universe line, three 9-inch mego-style figures as part of their Famous Covers collection, and multiple 6-inch and 5-inch action figures throughout the X-Men toyline in multiple costumes, as well as numerous exclusive figures. Other figures were also issued for the X-Men Evolution and X-Men Movie toylines. Notable variations include a Joe Mad-styled Storm, a Savage Land Storm, and a Storm in the original X-Men uniform in an exclusive boxset modeled after the team as they appeared in Uncanny X-Men #275. A Mohawk Storm action figure was issued exclusively in Canada. Notable oddities include plush versions of Storm, a Storm packaged with a Storm-themed giant robot, and a fashion-doll scale Storm based on the X-Men animated series. Hasbro- a 3 inch Storm is scheduled for the Secret Wars collection of Hasbro's Marvel Universe line in her Mohawk look. In addition, Hasbro has also created assorted Super Hero Squad versions of Storm. A new Marvel Legends-scale Storm was slated, in her original Dave Cockrum outfit, as shown in a poll for Wizard magazine, but is currently on hold. Storm was featured in the Marvel Superheroes Happy Meal promotion in the 1990s, alongside fellow X-Men Wolverine and Jubilee. Minimate figures based on Storm's original costume, her 1990s costume, and her Ultimate X-Men costume have been made. Storm was among the Kubrick figures made in Japan of Marvel characters. Storm has been issued as collectible statues and busts by Kaiyodo, Bowen Designs, Sideshow, and others. Music Storm and the X-Men were mentioned in the Nicki Minaj song Chun-Li. References

25450395

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction%20and%20Variations%20on%20a%20Theme%20by%20Mozart%20%28Sor%29

Introduction and Variations on a Theme by Mozart (Sor)

Introduction and Variations on a Theme by Mozart, Op. 9, is one of Fernando Sor's most famous works for guitar. It was first published in London in 1821 and dedicated to Sor's brother Carlos. Editions The title page of the first edition reads “As performed by the author, at the Nobilities’ Concerts.” The French edition was published by Meissonnier, dated roughly in the same period, and had one less variation, no coda, and some differing notes. It is thought that this version could have been a simplification of the original work. However, in 1826 or 27, Meissonnier brought out another version, this one identical to the London first edition. The piece This piece embodies Fernando Sor's best characteristics as a composer, requiring great technique. It is a relatively frequently performed piece that serves as a “testing ground for every aspiring guitarist.” As said of this piece and Op.7, the Folies d’Espagne, by Brian Jeffrey, author of the largest Sor biography to date, “no space is wasted and the music devotes itself not to “guitaristic” effects but only to itself.” The work is based on a melody from Mozart's opera The Magic Flute. The opera was first performed in Vienna, 1791, and in German, while the first performances in Italian took place in 1794, so Sor could have feasibly written the piece any time since then. However, it is more likely that he was inspired to write the piece when the first major production was premiered in England in May 1819, when Sor was in the area. The theme and the variations are based on this one that was used in numerous composer's arrangements, some being by the flutist Drouet, by Henri Herz, and by Mikhail Glinka. It is the theme played near the end of Act I as Papageno charms the slaves of Sarastro with his magic chimes. The theme is called “Das klinget so herrlich”, in Italian either translating to "O dolce concento", "O dolce armonia", or, as Sor chose to use, "O cara armonia". This last translation was also used in the vocal score of The Magic Flute published in Birchall, London in around 1813. Sor's theme differs somewhat from Mozart's original, as may be seen in the comparison above/right. The time and key signatures of the originals have been changed and repeats deleted to better make the comparison. None of the bars (measures) are exactly the same but most only differ slightly. Bibliography Moser, Wolf. “Fernando Sor: The Life and Works of a Reluctant Guitarist, Part One.” Classical Guitar Magazine 26 No. 3 November 2007: 20 – 25. John Duarte. Liner notes: Music of Spain: The Classical Heritage. Julian Bream edition, volume 24. New York, 1993. John Duarte. Liner notes: Music of Spain: Guitarra. Julian Bream edition volume 27, New York 1993. Buch, David J. “Two Likely Sources for Sor’s variations on a theme by Mozart, op. 9.” Guitar Review 52, Winter 1983: 6-9. Jeffrey, Brian. Fernando Sor: Composer and Guitarist. England, Tecla 1977. Williams, John. Liner notes: John Williams: Guitar Recital. London, 1972. References External links Compositions for guitar Mozart 1821 compositions Compositions by Fernando Sor Composer tributes (classical music)

56449112

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lim%20Jock%20Hoi

Lim Jock Hoi

Dato' Paduka Lim Jock Hoi () is a Bruneian government official and the current Secretary-General of ASEAN. Earlier he worked as a Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Brunei Darussalam. References Living people Place of birth missing (living people) Bruneian government officials Bruneian people of Chinese descent Secretaries-General of ASEAN 1951 births

2284844

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anahid%20Ajemian

Anahid Ajemian

Anahid Marguerite Ajemian (January 26, 1924 – June 13, 2016) was an American violinist of Armenian descent. Her career in contemporary music began from her desire to help young composers of her generation get their compositions performed. Additionally, she enjoyed performing the music of established contemporary performers. She included these composers with the traditional repertoire in her performances. Early life and education Ajemian was born in Manhattan on January 26, 1924, to Armenian immigrant parents. Her father was a physician and her mother a pianist. She began her music studies early at the Institute of Musical Art, which later merged with the Juilliard School. After graduating from the Lincoln School, Ajemian continued her education at the Juilliard School, studying violin with Édouard Dethier and chamber music with Hans Letz and Felix Salmon, and played in the Juilliard orchestra under Albert Stoessel and Edgar Shenkman. Musical career In 1946, while still a student of Édouard Dethier at the Juilliard Graduate School of Music, Ajemian won the Walter W. Naumburg Foundation Award. In the same year, she made her debut at Town Hall and received the Distinguished Achievement Medal from Mademoiselle magazine as the Young Woman of the Year in Music. Among the many honors that have followed, the Order of St. James appointed her a Knight of Malta for her lifelong support of contemporary classical music. With her pianist sister Maro Ajemian, she performed in Europe, Canada and throughout the United States in a wide repertoire including works which were written for them by such distinguished composers as John Cage, Henry Cowell, Alan Hovhaness, Ernst Krenek, Lou Harrison, Wallingford Riegger, Carlos Surinach, and Ben Weber. Together and separately, the Ajemian sisters recorded extensively for Columbia, RCA Victor, MGM and Composers Records, Inc. They were the first musicians to receive the Laurel Leaf Award of the Composers Alliance for Distinguished Service to American Music. Ajemian and her sister were equally known for their interpretations of the standard classical repertoire. A unique feature of the many television programs they taped for NBC’s Recital Hall and the National Educational Television Network was their series of programs comprising the complete cycle of all ten Beethoven Sonatas for Violin and Piano. They appeared as soloists under the batons of Dimitri Mitropoulos, Leopold Stokowski and Izler Solomon, and recorded with the latter two. Also during the 1940s, Ajemian co-founded the New York City-based organization Friends of Armenian Music Committee, which did much to launch the career of fellow Armenian-American composer Alan Hovhaness, via a series of well-received New York concerts of his music. These concerts were repeated in Boston, San Francisco and Los Angeles. Ajemian and her husband, George Avakian, started Music for Moderns, a Town Hall, in 1957. In the mid-sixties, Ajemian and her fellow violinist Matthew Raimondi founded the Composers String Quartet at the suggestion of Gunther Schuller, which quickly earned an international reputation and toured in more than 26 countries, including the Soviet Union, India, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, Japan, Southeast Asia and China. The Composers String Quartet recorded extensively for the Musical Heritage Society, Nonesuch Records, Composers Recordings, Inc. and Columbia Records among many others. The Quartet’s 1970 recording of Elliott Carter’s "First and Second Quartets" was honored by a Grammy nomination, received “Stereo Review’s “Best Chamber Music Recording of the Year” Award, and was acclaimed by High Fidelity as “Best Quartet of the Year” and one of the “Fifty Greatest Albums of the Decade.” Time magazine called it “an astonishingly brilliant and unique achievement.” Teaching The Quartet was in residence at Columbia University in New York City and the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. For many years, they were the primary performers at the Mt Desert Festival of Chamber Music in Northeast Harbor, Maine. Ajemian was a long-time member of the Columbia University music faculty and served as a judge for several music organizations, including the annual Naumburg Foundation Awards. Personal life She was married to George Avakian, a record producer and founding officer of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. They had three children: Maro, Anahid and Gregory. References External links George Avakian and Anahid Ajemian papers, 1908–2013 Music Division, The New York Public Library. 1924 births Musicians from New York City American classical violinists American classical musicians of Armenian descent Contemporary classical music performers Juilliard School alumni Columbia University faculty 2016 deaths Classical musicians from New York (state) Women classical violinists

45407581

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peduovirinae

Peduovirinae

Peduovirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are 76 species in this subfamily, assigned to 31 genera. Taxonomy The following genera are recognized: Aresaunavirus Baylorvirus Bielevirus Canoevirus Catalunyavirus Citexvirus Eganvirus Entnonagintavirus Felsduovirus Hpunavirus Irrigatiovirus Irtavirus Kisquattuordecimvirus Kisquinquevirus Longwoodvirus Nampongvirus Novemvirus Peduovirus Phitrevirus Playavirus Reginaelenavirus Reipivirus Senquatrovirus Seongnamvirus Simpcentumvirus Stockinghallvirus Tigrvirus Vimunumvirus Vulnificusvirus Xuanwuvirus Yongunavirus Structure Viruses in Peduovirinae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Head-tail geometries, and T=7 symmetry. The diameter is around 60 nm. Genomes are linear, around 33kb in length. The genome codes for 45 proteins. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion. References External links Viralzone: Peduovirinae ICTV Myoviridae Virus subfamilies

6577607

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagocephalus

Lagocephalus

Lagocephalus is a genus of fish in the family Tetraodontidae (pufferfish) with a circumglobal distribution. Species There are currently 8 recognized species in this genus: Lagocephalus guentheri A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1915 (Diamond-back puffer) Lagocephalus inermis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Smooth puffer) Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Oceanic puffer) Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Lunartail puffer) Lagocephalus sceleratus (J. F. Gmelin, 1789) (Silver-cheeked puffer) Lagocephalus spadiceus (J. Richardson, 1845) (Half-smooth golden puffer) Lagocephalus suezensis E. Clark & Gohar, 1953 References Marine fish genera Taxa named by William John Swainson Tetraodontidae

68928

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes%20Trismegistus

Hermes Trismegistus

Hermes Trismegistus (from , "Hermes the Thrice-Greatest"; Classical Latin: ) is a legendary Hellenistic figure that originated as a syncretic combination of the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian god Thoth. He is the purported author of the Hermetica, a widely diverse series of ancient and medieval pseudepigraphical texts that lay the basis of various philosophical systems known as Hermeticism. The wisdom attributed to this figure in antiquity combined a knowledge of both the material and the spiritual world, which rendered the writings attributed to him of great relevance to those who were interested in the interrelationship between the material and the divine. The figure of Hermes Trismegistus can also be found in both Islamic and Baháʼí writings. In those traditions Hermes Trismegistus has been associated with the prophet Idris. Origin and identity Hermes Trismegistus may be associated with the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian god Thoth. Greeks in the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt recognized the equivalence of Hermes and Thoth through the interpretatio graeca. Consequently, the two gods were worshiped as one, in what had been the Temple of Thoth in Khemenu, which was known in the Hellenistic period as Hermopolis. Hermes, the Greek god of interpretive communication, was combined with Thoth, the Egyptian god of wisdom. The Egyptian priest and polymath Imhotep had been deified long after his death and therefore assimilated to Thoth in the classical and Hellenistic periods. The renowned scribe Amenhotep and a wise man named Teôs were coequal deities of wisdom, science, and medicine; and, thus, they were placed alongside Imhotep in shrines dedicated to Thoth–Hermes during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. A Mycenaean Greek reference to a deity or semi-deity called ti-ri-se-ro-e (Linear B: ; Tris Hḗrōs, "thrice or triple hero") was found on two Linear B clay tablets at Pylos and could be connected to the later epithet "thrice great", Trismegistos, applied to Hermes/Thoth. On the aforementioned PY Tn 316 tablet—as well as other Linear B tablets found in Pylos, Knossos, and Thebes—there appears the name of the deity "Hermes" as e-ma-ha (Linear B: ), but not in any apparent connection with the "Trisheros". This interpretation of poorly understood Mycenaean material is disputed, since Hermes Trismegistus is not referenced in any of the copious sources before he emerges in Hellenistic Egypt. Cicero enumerates several deities referred to as "Hermes": a "fourth Mercury (Hermes) was the son of the Nile, whose name may not be spoken by the Egyptians"; and "the fifth, who is worshiped by the people of Pheneus [in Arcadia], is said to have killed Argus Panoptes, and for this reason to have fled to Egypt, and to have given the Egyptians their laws and alphabet: he it is whom the Egyptians call Theyt". The most likely interpretation of this passage is as two variants on the same syncretism of Greek Hermes and Egyptian Thoth (or sometimes other gods): the fourth (where Hermes turns out "actually" to have been a "son of the Nile," i.e. a native god) being viewed from the Egyptian perspective, the fifth (who went from Greece to Egypt) being viewed from the Greek-Arcadian perspective. Both of these early references in Cicero (most ancient Trismegistus material is from the early centuries AD) corroborate the view that Thrice-Great Hermes originated in Hellenistic Egypt through syncretism between Greek and Egyptian gods (the Hermetica refer most often to Thoth and Amun). The Hermetic literature among the Egyptians, which was concerned with conjuring spirits and animating statues, inform the oldest Hellenistic writings on Greco-Babylonian astrology and on the newly developed practice of alchemy. In a parallel tradition, Hermetic philosophy rationalized and systematized religious cult practices and offered the adept a means of personal ascension from the constraints of physical being. This latter tradition has led to the confusion of Hermeticism with Gnosticism, which was developing contemporaneously. The epithet "thrice great" Fowden asserts that the first datable occurrences of the epithet "thrice great" are in the Legatio of Athenagoras of Athens and in a fragment from Philo of Byblos, circa AD 64–141. However, in a later work, Copenhaver reports that this epithet is first found in the minutes of a meeting of the council of the Ibis cult, held in 172 BC near Memphis in Egypt. Hart explains that the epithet is derived from an epithet of Thoth found at the Temple of Esna, "Thoth the great, the great, the great." Many Christian writers, including Lactantius, Augustine, Marsilio Ficino, Campanella, and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, as well as Giordano Bruno, considered Hermes Trismegistus to be a wise pagan prophet who foresaw the coming of Christianity. They believed in the existence of a prisca theologia, a single, true theology that threads through all religions. It was given by God to man in antiquity and passed through a series of prophets, which included Zoroaster and Plato. In order to demonstrate the verity of the prisca theologia, Christians appropriated the Hermetic teachings for their own purposes. By this account, Hermes Trismegistus was either a contemporary of Moses, or the third in a line of men named Hermes, i.e. Enoch, Noah, and the Egyptian priest king who is known to us as Hermes Trismegistus on account of being the greatest priest, philosopher, and king. Another explanation, in the Suda (10th century), is that "He was called Trismegistus on account of his praise of the trinity, saying there is one divine nature in the trinity." Hermetic writings During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance the Hermetica enjoyed great prestige and were popular among alchemists. Hermes was also strongly associated with astrology, for example by the influential Islamic astrologer Abu Ma'shar (787–886). The "hermetic tradition" consequently refers to alchemy, magic, astrology, and related subjects. The texts are usually divided into two categories: the philosophical and the technical hermetica. The former deals mainly with philosophy, and the latter with practical magic, potions, and alchemy. The expression "hermetically sealed" comes from the alchemical procedure to make the Philosopher's Stone. This required a mixture of materials to be placed in a glass vessel which was sealed by fusing the neck closed, a procedure known as the Seal of Hermes. The vessel was then heated for 30 to 40 days. During the Renaissance, it was accepted that Hermes Trismegistus was a contemporary of Moses. However, after Casaubon's dating of the Hermetic writings as being no earlier than the second or third century AD, the whole of Renaissance Hermeticism collapsed. As to their actual authorship: Various critical editions of the Hermetica have been published in modern academia, such as Hermetica by Brian Copenhaver. Islamic tradition Antoine Faivre, in The Eternal Hermes (1995), has pointed out that Hermes Trismegistus has a place in the Islamic tradition, although the name Hermes does not appear in the Qur'an. Hagiographers and chroniclers of the first centuries of the Islamic Hegira quickly identified Hermes Trismegistus with Idris, the Islamic prophet of surahs 19.57 and 21.85, whom Muslims also identified with Enoch (cf. Genesis 5.18–24). According to the account of the Persian astrologer Abu Ma'shar (787–886), Idris/Hermes was termed "Thrice-Wise" Hermes Trismegistus because he had a threefold origin. The first Hermes, comparable to Thoth, was a "civilizing hero", an initiator into the mysteries of the divine science and wisdom that animate the world; he carved the principles of this sacred science in hieroglyphs. The second Hermes, in Babylon, was the initiator of Pythagoras. The third Hermes was the first teacher of alchemy. "A faceless prophet," writes the Islamicist Pierre Lory, "Hermes possesses no concrete or salient characteristics, differing in this regard from most of the major figures of the Bible and the Quran." A late Arabic writer wrote of the Sabaeans that their religion had a sect of star worshipers who held their doctrine to come from Hermes Trismegistus through the prophet Adimun. While some Arabic Hermetic writings were translated from Greek or Middle-Persian, some were originally written in Arabic. Baháʼí writings Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Baháʼí Faith, identifies Idris with Hermes in his Tablet on the Uncompounded Reality. In literature The first verses of the Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal refer to "Satan Trismegistus" who pulls human puppet strings to rule the world. That image echoed Plato's dialogues. The verses are the following: On evil’s pillow, / Satan Trismegistus rocks our spirits—enchanted by / the subtle chemist, the will’s / precious metals turn to vapor. References Bibliography Aufrère, Sydney H. (2008) (in French). Thot Hermès l'Egyptien: De l'infiniment grand à l'infiniment petit. Paris: L'Harmattan. . Bull, Christian H. 2018. The Tradition of Hermes Trismegistus: The Egyptian Priestly Figure as a Teacher of Hellenized Wisdom. Leiden: Brill. (the standard reference work on the subject) CACIORGNA, Marilena and GUERRINI, Roberto: Il pavimento del duomo di Siena. L'arte della tarsia marmorea dal XIV al XIX secolo fonti e simologia. Siena 2004. CACIORGNA, Marilena: Studi interdisciplinari sul pavimento del duomo di Siena. Atti el convegno internazionale di studi chiesa della SS. Annunziata 27 e 28 settembre 2002. Siena 2005. Copenhaver, Brian P. (1995). Hermetica: the Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius in a new English translation, with notes and introduction, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995 . Ebeling, Florian, The secret history of Hermes Trismegistus: Hermeticism from ancient to modern times [Translated from the German by David Lorton] (Cornell University Press: Ithaca, 2007), . Festugière, A.-J.,La révélation d'Hermès Trismégiste. 2e éd., 3 vol., Paris 1981. Fowden, Garth, 1986. The Egyptian Hermes: A Historical Approach to the Late Pagan Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Princeton University Press, 1993): deals with Thoth (Hermes) from his most primitive known conception to his later evolution into Hermes Trismegistus, as well as the many books and scripts attributed to him. Hornung, Erik (2001). The Secret Lore of Egypt: Its Impact on the West. Translated by David Lorton. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. . Lupini, Carmelo, s.v. Ermete Trismegisto in "Dizionario delle Scienze e delle Tecniche di Grecia e Roma", Roma 2010, vol. 1. Merkel, Ingrid and Allen G. Debus, 1988. Hermeticism and the Renaissance: intellectual history and the occult in early modern Europe Folger Shakespeare Library Van Bladel, Kevin (2009). The Arabic Hermes: From Pagan Sage to Prophet of Science. Oxford University Press. (the standard reference for Hermes in the Arabic-Islamic world) Van den Kerchove, Anna 2012. La voie d’Hermès: Pratiques rituelles et traités hermétiques. Leiden: Brill. Yates, Frances A., Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition. University of Chicago Press, 1964. . External links Corpus Hermeticum along with the complete text of G.R.S. Mead's classic work, Thrice Greatest Hermes Hermetic Research is a portal on Hermetic study and discussion Dan Merkur, "Stages of Ascension in Hermetic Rebirth" Asclepius— Latin text of the edition Paris: Henricus Stephanus 1505. Pimander—Latin translation by Marsilio Ficino, Milano: Damianus de Mediolano, 1493. THE DIVINE PYMANDER of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus in English Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries—High resolution images of works by Hermes Trismegistus in JPEG and TIFF format. Alchemists Ancient astrologers Egyptian gods Epithets of Hermes Hellenistic Egyptian deities Hellenistic religion Hermeticism Magic gods Mythological characters Occult writers People whose existence is disputed Primordial teachers

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandradhar%20Barua

Chandradhar Barua

Chandradhar Barua (15 October 1874 – 26 October 1961) was an eminent writer, poet, dramatist and lyricist from Assam of Jonaki Era, the age of romanticism of Assamese literature. Barua was born at Dergaon, Golaghat, Assam on 15 October 1878. He was second president of the Asam Sahitya Sabha in 1918 held at Goalpara. He was the founder secretary of Asam Sahitya Sabha Patrika, an official journal of the Asam Sahitya Sabha established at 1927 and held in that position till 1936. He also represented India at the Round Table Conference held at London in 1930. Literary works Poetry Collections Ranjan, Bidyut Bikash, Kamrup Jiyori, Muktaboli. Novel Shanti. Dramas Meghnad Badh, Bhagya Porikha, Mughal Bijoy, Ahom Sandhya etc. See also Assamese literature History of Assamese literature List of Asam Sahitya Sabha presidents List of Assamese writers with their pen names References External links Read original writings of Chandradhar Barua at Assamese wikisource Novelists from Assam Assamese-language poets Asom Sahitya Sabha Presidents 1874 births 1961 deaths 20th-century Indian novelists Indian male dramatists and playwrights Indian male novelists Indian male poets People from Dergaon 20th-century Indian poets 20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights Poets from Assam Dramatists and playwrights from Assam 20th-century Indian male writers

37524198

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English%20cricket%20team%20in%20India%20in%202001%E2%80%9302

English cricket team in India in 2001–02

The England national cricket team toured India in 2001-02, playing a three-match Test series and six-match ODI series versus India. Background The tour schedule was announced on 12 September 2001. England were to play three three-day tour games ahead of the Test series and three one-day games before the ODI series. The five-match ODI series was converted into a six-match affair after a demand by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) to play the final ODI at the Eden Gardens in Kolkata. After an initial disagreement, the England and Wales Cricket Board agreed to the demand after the BCCI was reported as saying that India would not honour their commitment to play four Tests in England next summer. Squads A 16-man England squad for the India and New Zealand Test series was announced in late August 2001. Two uncapped players, Essex wicket-keeper James Foster and Yorkshire off-spinner Richard Dawson were included for the first time, while Lancashire wicket-keeper Warren Hegg was recalled to the squad. On 17 October, England's 16-man squad for the ODI series was announced. It included the same side that toured Zimbabwe earlier that month, with additions of Andrew Caddick, Darren Gough, Ashley Giles, Michael Vaughan and Craig White. Paul Grayson, James Kirtley, Mark Ramprakash, Ryan Sidebottom and Chris Silverwood were omitted. Amidst questions regarding security of the players, Andrew Caddick and James Foster decided not to tour India and declared themselves unavailable on 30 October. They were replaced by Somerset pace-bowler Richard Johnson and Gloucestershire off-spinner Martyn Ball. Giles, White and James Ormond who were nursing injuries were declared fit on 7 November. Graham Thorpe left for England just before the Second Test due to "personal" reasons and was replaced by Michael Vaughan. On 3 January 2002, The England squad was announced again for the ODI series. The core of the team that played the Test series was retained. Additionally, Caddick and Thorpe, who made themselves available, were added to the squad, while White who sustained an injury was excluded. The Indian selectors named a 14-man squad for the First Test on 27 November. From the squad that toured South Africa earlier that season, four pace-bowlers were dropped and Javagal Srinath was recovering from an injury. Maharashtra and Kerala pace-bowlers Iqbal Siddiqui and Tinu Yohannan respectively were included in the squad alongside Railways all-rounder Sanjay Bangar. Virender Sehwag, who was included for the First test despite a one-match ban on him, was dropped from the squad. He returned for the Second Test with Srinath, the latter replacing an injured Bangar. An India 14-man ODI squad announced on 14 January for the first three ODIs. Rahul Dravid pulled out of the series due to shoulder injury. Wicket-keeper Ajay Ratra and Tamil Nadu batsman Hemang Badani were new inclusions to the squad. Test series 1st Test 2nd Test 3rd Test ODI series 1st ODI India got off to a good start after electing to bat upon winning the toss. Openers Sourav Ganguly and Sachin Tendulkar took their team score to 50 in the tenth over before Andrew Flintoff dismissed them both in his first spell. Dinesh Mongia top-scored for India with 71 after reaching 50 in as many balls. His partners VVS Laxman and Virender Sehwag added 55 and 43 runs with him before being dismissed, who were followed by Ajit Agarkar and Ajay Ratra in quick succession. A partnership of 38 between Hemang Badani and Harbhajan Singh towards the end took India's total to 281. England's reply began with Nick Knight being declared lbw in the second ball of their innings. A second wicket partnership of 63 runs between opener Marcus Trescothick and captain Nasser Hussain steadied their chase. Hussain and later Michael Vaughan partnered Trescothick to add 80 runs between overs 10 and 20, before Paul Collingwood made 21 in a stand of 61 with the former. Trescothick reached his century in 80 balls, before being dismissed in controversial manner. He was adjudged out lbw, although replays showed the ball pitching well outside leg stump before hitting the pads. England's last six wickets fell for 35 runs, and were all out for 259, handing India a 22-run win. 2nd ODI 3rd ODI 4th ODI 5th ODI 6th ODI Tour matches Three-day: Mumbai Board President's XI v England XI Three-day: Indian Board President's XI v England XI Three-day: India A v England XI One-day: Cricket Association of Bengal XI v England XI References External links Tour home at ESPNcricinfo 2001 in English cricket 2001 in Indian cricket 2002 in English cricket 2002 in Indian cricket 2001–02 Indian cricket seasons from 2000–01 International cricket competitions in 2001–02

2043056

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecopsychology

Ecopsychology

Ecopsychology is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinarity field that focuses on the synthesis of ecology and psychology and the promotion of sustainability. It is distinguished from conventional psychology as it focuses on studying the emotional bond between humans and the Earth. Instead of examining personal pain solely in the context of individual or family pathology, it is analyzed in its wider connection to the more than human world. A central premise is that while the mind is shaped by the modern world, its underlying structure was created in a natural non-human environment. Ecopsychology seeks to expand and remedy the emotional connection between humans and nature, treating people psychologically by bringing them spiritually closer to nature. History Origins of ecopsychology Sigmund Freud In his 1929 book Civilization and Its Discontents ("Das Unbehagen in der Kultur"), Sigmund Freud discussed the basic tensions between civilization and the individual. He recognized the interconnection between the internal world of the mind and the external world of the environment, stating: Robert Greenway Influenced by the philosophies of noted ecologists Walles T. Edmondson and Loren Eiseley, Robert Greenway began researching and developing a concept that he described as "a marriage" between psychology and ecology in the early 1960s. He theorized that "the mind is nature, and nature, the mind," and called its study psychoecology. Greenway published his first essay on the topic at Brandeis University in 1963. In 1969, he began teaching the subject at Sonoma State University. One of Greenway's students founded a psychoecology study group at University of California, Berkeley, which was joined by Theodore Roszak in the 1990s. In the 1995 book Ecopsychology: Restoring the Earth, Healing the Mind, Greenway wrote: Theodore Roszak Theodore Roszak is credited with coining the term "ecopsychology" in his 1992 book The Voice of the Earth, although a group of psychologists and environmentalists, including Mary Gomes and Allen Kanner, were independently using the term at the same time. Roszak, Gomes and Kanner later expanded the idea in the 1995 anthology Ecopsychology. Two other books were especially formative, Paul Shepard's 1982 volume, Nature and Madness, which explored the effect that our diminishing engagement with nature had upon psychological development, and David Abram's 1996 The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-than-Human World. The latter was one of the first books to bring phenomenology fully to bear on ecological issues, looking closely at the cosmo-vision (or the traditional ecological knowledge systems) of diverse indigenous, oral cultures, and analyzing the curious effect that the advent of formal writing systems, like the phonetic alphabet, has had upon the human experience of the more-than-human natural world. Roszack mentions the biophilia hypothesis of biologist E.O. Wilson; that humans have an instinct to emotionally connect with nature. Beliefs Roszak states that an individual's connection to nature can improve their interpersonal relationships and emotional wellbeing. An integral part of this practice is treating patients outdoors. According to ecopsychology, humans are meant to take walks in parks. It considers the psyche of non-humans to be relevant. It examines why people continue environmentally damaging behaviour, and motivates them to adopt sustainability. Fundamental Principles According to Roszak some of the principles of ecopsychology are: "There is a synergistic interplay between planetary and personal well-being." "The core of the mind is the ecological unconscious." "The goal of ecopsychology is to awaken the inherent sense of environmental reciprocity that lies within the ecological unconscious." "The contents of the ecological unconscious represent ... the living record of evolution." "The crucial stage of development is the life of the child." "The ecological ego matures toward a sense of ethical responsibility with the planet." "Whatever contributes to small scale social forms and personal empowerment nourish the ecological ego." See also Conservation psychology Eco-anxiety Ecological grief Ecospirituality Environmental psychology Green prescription Nature connectedness References Further reading M. Day. "Ecopsychology and the Restoration of Home". 1998. The Humanistic Psychologist. Vol. 26. Issue 1-3. T. Roszak. The Voice of the Earth: An Exploration of Ecopsychology. 1993 Touchstone, New York. T. Roszak, M.E. Gomes, A.D. Kanner (Eds). Ecopsychology, restoring the earth healing the mind. 1995 Sierra Club Books, San Francisco. Renée G. Soule, "Ecopsychology" in Nigel Young (editor) The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace. 2010, Oxford University Press, Oxford. A. Fisher. Radical Ecopsychology: Psychology in the Service of Life. 2013 Suny Press, Albany. J. Phoenix Smith, "Ecopsychology: Toward a New Story of Cultural and Racial Diversity" 2013. Journal of Ecopsychology.Vol. 5. No.4. External links Viridis Graduate Institute International Community for Ecopsychology Psychology in the Real World Deep ecology Interdisciplinary branches of psychology Environmental social science Articles lacking sources from November 2007 Biophilia hypothesis de:Umweltpsychologie ku:Psîkolojiya devedorê

11712849

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Langston

John Langston

John Langston may refer to: John Mercer Langston (1829–1897), American abolitionist, attorney, educator, activist, diplomat, and politician, first dean of the law school at Howard University John Langston (MP) (–1812), English merchant banker and politician, Member of Parliament (MP) 1784–1807 See also John Lankston, American tenor

64583378

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20Five-a-Sides

London Five-a-Sides

The Evening Standard London Five-a-Sides was an annual indoor football tournament organized the Sports Council (now Sport England). As the competition name suggests it featured Football League clubs from the capital city. The latter years of the event was open to Football League clubs outside London. History The competition usually took place towards end of the domestic football season in April or May. The competition was on six-year hiatus from 1961 to 1966 and then a seven=year break between 1986 to 1992. The first venue of choice was the Empress Hall, Earls Court. The second edition was transferred to the Harringay Arena. The event moved to Empire Pool Wembley in 1959. It shared a home with the National Five-a Side tournament that ran from 1968 to 1986. ITV (Thames Television) covered the best of the action on its late evening show Midweek Sports Special for London and surrounding areas only. The final three editions in the 1990s were shown by Sky TV to a wider audience. Winners Titles by Club References External links Midweek Football Coverage 1968/69 - 1982/83 Midweek Football on TV. Evening Standard London 5-a-Sides, 1983 The Football Attic. Indoor soccer competitions Recurring sporting events established in 1954 1954 establishments in England 1995 disestablishments in England Defunct football cup competitions in England Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1995 London Evening Standard

69971780

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shea%20Tierney

Shea Tierney

Shea Tierney (born October 19, 1986) is an American football coach who is the quarterbacks coach for the New York Giants of the National Football League. Shea was hired by the Buffalo Bills in 2018 as an offensive assistant and was promoted to assistant QBs coach in 2020. Previously, Tierney spent three seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles as an analyst and coaching intern. He also worked for Alabama as an offensive analyst. Coaching career N.C. State Beginning in 2011, Tierney spent three seasons with the NC State Wolfpack as an offensive graduate assistant. Philadelphia Eagles In 2013, Tierney was hired by the Philadelphia Eagles as an analyst and coaching intern. He spent 3 seasons with the team. Alabama In 2016, Tierney acted as an offensive analyst under Coach Nick Saban and current New York Giants head coach Brian Daboll. Tierney assisted in leading the 2016 team to a 14–1 season, ending in an SEC Championship. He worked closely with Mike Locksley, former wide-receivers coach and current head coach at Maryland. Buffalo Bills In 2018, Tierney was hired by the Buffalo Bills as an offensive analyst, and was promoted to Assistant Quarterbacks Coach for the 2020 season. During his tenure with the Bills, Tierney helped to guide quarterback Josh Allen to finish second in the 2020 MVP voting and set single season franchise records for passing touchdowns (37), completions (396), 300 yard games (8), passer rating (107.2), completion percentage (69.2), passing yards (4,544) and total touchdowns (46). During the 2021 season, Allen had a career-high 409 pass completions, completing 63.3 percent of his passes for 4,407 passing yards, 36 passing touchdowns and a 92.2 passer rating. He also had 763 rushing yards and another six touchdowns on the ground, leading the league in yards per carry at 6.3 New York Giants On February 2, 2022, Tierney was hired by the New York Giants as their Quarterbacks Coach. He follows Daboll, who was named head coach of the Giants on January 28, 2022. Personal life In July 2021, Shea married Emily Seng in Raleigh, North Carolina. References Living people 1986 births NC State Wolfpack football coaches Alabama Crimson Tide football coaches Philadelphia Eagles coaches Buffalo Bills coaches New York Giants coaches Sportspeople from Philadelphia

49033050

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac%20station

Pontiac station

Pontiac station could refer to: Pontiac station (Illinois), a train station in Pontiac, Illinois, United States Pontiac Transportation Center, a train station in Pontiac, Michigan, United States

19478300

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy%20Eady

Dorothy Eady

Dorothy Louise Eady (16 January 1904 – 21 April 1981), also known as Omm Sety or Om Seti, was a British antiques caretaker and folklorist. She was keeper of the Abydos Temple of Seti I and draughtswoman for the Department of Egyptian Antiquities. She is known for her belief that in a previous life she had been a priestess in ancient Egypt, as well as her considerable historical research at Abydos. Her life and work has been the subject of many articles, television documentaries, and biographies. Early life Dorothy Louise Eady was born in London, in 1904 as the only child to Reuben Ernest Eady, a master tailor born in Woolwich, and Caroline Mary (Frost) Eady, and raised in a coastal town. At the age of three, after falling down a flight of stairs and briefly appearing to be dead, she began exhibiting strange behaviours, asking that she be "brought home". She had also developed foreign accent syndrome. This caused some conflict in her early life. Her Sunday school teacher requested that her parents keep her away from class, because she had compared Christianity with "heathen" ancient Egyptian religion. She was expelled from a Dulwich girls school after she refused to sing a hymn that called on God to "curse the swart Egyptians". Her regular visits to Catholic mass, which she liked because it reminded her of the "Old Religion", were terminated after an interrogation and visit to her parents by a priest. After being taken by her parents to visit the British Museum, and on observing a photograph in the New Kingdom temple exhibits room, the young Eady called out "There is my home!" but "where are the trees? Where are the gardens?" The temple was that of Seti I, the father of Rameses the Great. She ran about the halls of the Egyptian rooms, "amongst her peoples", kissing the statues' feet. After this trip she took every opportunity to visit the British Museum rooms. There, she eventually met E. A. Wallis Budge, who was taken by her youthful enthusiasm and encouraged her in the study of hieroglyphs. After a close escape from a bombing raid during World War I, she moved to her grandmother's house in Sussex. Here, she continued her study of ancient Egypt at the Eastbourne public library. When she was fifteen she described a nocturnal visit from the mummy of Pharaoh Seti I. Her behaviour, coupled with sleep walking and nightmares, led her to be incarcerated in sanatoriums several times. On leaving school at sixteen she visited museums and archaeological sites around Britain, facilitated by her father's investigations into the nationwide booming cinema industry. Eady became a part-time student at Plymouth Art School and began to collect affordable Egyptian antiquities. During her period at Portsmouth she became part of a theatre group that on occasion performed a play based on the story of Isis and Osiris. She took the role of Isis and sang the lamentation for Osiris's death, based on Andrew Lang's translation: At the age of twenty-seven, she began working in London with an Egyptian public relations magazine, for which she wrote articles and drew cartoons that reflected her political support for an independent Egypt. During this period she met her future husband Emam Abdel Meguid, an Egyptian student, with whom she continued to correspond when he returned home. Move to Egypt In 1931, she moved to Egypt after Emam Abdel Meguid, by now a teacher of English, asked her to marry him. On arriving in Egypt, she kissed the ground and announced she had come home to stay. The couple stayed in Cairo and her husband's family gave her the nickname "Bulbul" (Nightingale). Their son was named Sety, from which is derived her popular name 'Omm Sety' ("Mother of Sety"). After a chance meeting with George Reisner's secretary, who commented on her apparent ability to charm snakes and told her that spells on such powers were in early ancient Egyptian literature, Omm Sety visited the Fifth Dynasty pyramid of Unas. Klaus Baer recalled her piety when she accompanied him on a visit to Sakkara in the early 1950s, when she brought an offering and took off her shoes before entering Unas' pyramid. She continued to report apparitions and out-of-body experiences during this time, which caused friction with the upper-middle-class family she had married into. Hor-Ra's story of her life During her early period she reported nighttime visitations by an apparition of Hor-Ra. He slowly dictated to her, over a twelve-month period, the story of her previous life. The story took up around seventy pages of cursive hieroglyphic text. It described the life of a young woman in ancient Egypt, called Bentreshyt, who had reincarnated in the person of Dorothy Eady. Bentreshyt ("Harp of Joy") is described in this text as being of humble origin, her mother a vegetable seller and her father a soldier during the reign of Seti I (c.1290 BC to 1279 BC). When she was three, her mother died, and she was placed in the temple of Kom el-Sultan because her father could not afford her. There, she was brought up to be a priestess. When she was twelve years old, the High Priest asked her if she wished to go out into the world or stay and become a consecrated virgin. In the absence of full understanding and without a practical alternative, she took the vows. During the next two years, she learned her role in the annual drama of Osiris's passion and resurrection, a role that only virgin priestesses consecrated to Isis could perform. One day, Seti I visited and spoke to her. They became lovers, eating "the uncooked goose", an ancient Egyptian term that has been compared to "eating the forbidden fruit". When Bentreshyt became pregnant, she told the High Priest who the father was. The High Priest informed her that the gravity of the offence against Isis was so terrible that death would be the most likely penalty at a trial. Unwilling to face the public scandal for Seti, she committed suicide rather than face trial. Work with Selim Hassan and Ahmed Fakhry In 1935, Dorothy Eady separated from her husband when he took a teaching job in Iraq. Their son Sety stayed with her. Two years after the marriage broke down she went to live in Nazlat al-Samman near the Giza pyramids, where she met the Egyptian archaeologist Selim Hassan of the Department of Antiquities, who employed her as his secretary and draughtswoman. She was the department's first female employee and a boon to Hassan. According to Barbara Lesko, "She was a great help to Egyptian scholars, especially Hassan and Fakhry, correcting their English and writing English-language articles for others. So this poorly educated Englishwoman developed in Egypt into a first-rate draughtswoman and prolific and talented writer who, even under her own name, produced articles, essays, monographs and books of great range, wit and substance." Through her keen interest in antiquities, she met and befriended many of the famous Egyptologists of the era. Omm Seti made such a significant contribution to Hassan's work that upon his death she was employed by Ahmed Fakhry during his excavations at Dashur. Hassan's magnum opus, the ten-volume "Excavations at Giza", gives "special mention, with sincere gratitude," to Dorothy Eady for her editing, drawing, indexing, and proofreading work. She learned from these scholars the techniques of archaeology, whilst they benefited from her expertise in hieroglyphs and drawing. During this time she prayed, made frequent offerings to the gods of ancient Egypt, and would often spend the night in the Great pyramid. Eady became the object of village gossip because she would make night prayers and offerings to Horus at the Great Sphinx. Yet she also was respected by the villagers for her honesty in not hiding her true faith in the Egyptian gods. She was sensitive to the religious observances of others, and would fast with the Muslim villagers during Ramadan and celebrate with Christians at Christmas. Her associations with the workers and their families gave her first-hand experience of contemporary Egyptian life. She saw a common thread joining all periods of Egyptian history; the Pharaonic, the Greco-Roman, the Christian, and the Islamic. This thread was the Nile, which animated people's lives on many levels. Move to Abydos Ahmed Fakhry's Dashur Pyramid Research Project was terminated in early 1956, leaving Dorothy Eady unemployed. Fakhry suggested that she "climb the Great Pyramid; and when you reach the top, just turn west, address yourself to your Lord Osiris and ask him "Quo vadis?". He offered her a choice of taking a well paid job in the Cairo Records Office, or a poorly paid position in Abydos as a draughtswoman. She chose the latter. She reported that Seti I approved of the move. He claimed that the "wheel of fate" was turning and this would be a time of testing. If she was chaste she would now undo Bentreshyt's ancient sin. On 3 March 1956, the fifty-two-year-old Omm Sety left for Abydos. She set up home in Arabet Abydos, which sits in the cradle of the mountain Pega-the-Gap. The ancient Egyptians believed this mountain led to Amenti and the afterlife. It was here that she began to be called 'Omm Sety', because it was customary in Egyptian villages to refer to a mother by the name of her eldest child. Abydos had a special significance for her, because it is where she believed Bentreshyt had lived and served in the Temple of Seti. She had made short pilgrimages to the site before, during which she had demonstrated her advanced knowledge. At one of these trips to the temple, the chief inspector from the Antiquities Department, who knew about her claims, had decided to test her by asking her to stand at particular wall paintings in complete darkness. She was instructed to identify them based on her prior knowledge as a temple priestess. She completed the task successfully, even though the painting locations had not yet been published at this time. She spent the first two years listing and translating pieces from a recently excavated temple palace. Her work was incorporated into Edourard Ghazouli's monograph "The Palace and Magazines Attached to the Temple of Sety I at Abydos". He expressed particular thanks to her in this work and was impressed by the skills she showed in translation of enigmatic texts, along with other members of the Antiquities Department. In 1957, she wrote out a liturgical calendar of feast days based on ancient Egyptian texts. For her, the Temple of Seti was a place of peace and security where she was watched over by the benevolent eyes of ancient Egyptian gods. Omm Sety claimed that in her past life as Bentreshyt the temple had a garden, where she had first met Seti I. Her descriptions as a young girl were not believed by her parents, but while she was living in Abydos, the garden was found where she said it would be found. Excavations uncovered a garden which matched her descriptions. Every morning and night she would visit the Temple to recite the prayers for the day. On the birthdays of Osiris and Isis she would observe the ancient food abstentions, and bring offerings of beer, wine, bread, and tea biscuits to the Chapel of Osiris. The Lament of Isis and Osiris, which she learned as a girl, would also be recited. She turned one of the temple rooms into a personal office, where she carried out her work and befriended a cobra whom she fed on a regular basis, to the alarm of the temple guards. She described the Temple of Seti as like entering a time machine, where the past becomes the present and the modern mind has difficulty understanding a world in which magic is accepted. She claimed that the scenes depicted on the temple walls were active in the minds of ancient Egyptians on two levels. Firstly, they made the actions displayed permanent. The painting of Pharaoh offering bread to Osiris, for example, continued his actions so long as the depiction remained. Secondly, the image could be animated by the spirit of the god, if the person stood before the depiction and called on the god's name. Omm Sety's observations of surviving folkways Omm Sety observed that, although modern village women could have free birth control, they didn't want it. "If they miss one year without having a child, they go running around all over the place – even to the doctor! And if that doesn't work, they will try all sorts of other things." These included approaching a temple image of Isis at Abydos ("the Good Lady"), Hathor at Dendera, a statue of Senwosret III south of Abydos, a statue of Taweret in the Cairo museum and the pyramids at Giza. She also reported how people would come to her looking for a cure for impotence. For these people she would carry out a ritual based on the Pyramid Texts. It always worked. The use of Heka without Maat was contrary to the "will of the gods", so she concentrated on healing people or ridding them of the "effects of evil spells". According to an acquaintance, "Omm Sety wouldn't do any harm to anybody unless he or she did harm to her." She said that unusual baby feeding methods used in modern times in Egypt, such as breast milk being supplied via bowl, echoed similar scenes from Pharaonic times. The sidelock of youth which ancient Egyptian children wore survived with some modern Egyptian peasant children, who were left with a tuft of hair after the rest is shaved off during their first haircut. Ancient Egyptian boys were circumcised, probably for reasons of hygiene, and she believed this was picked up by the Jews, which in turn was passed down to modern Muslims. Many modern children's games and toys were also played by children in ancient Egypt. Omm Sety observed that the Tree of Extremity, mentioned in the Quran with inscribed leaves, compares with ancient Egyptian Temple scenes in which a god is shown inscribing the royal cartouche on leaves adorning The Tree of Life. Uniquely for a Muslim land, Omm Sety noted that modern Egyptian villages had a custom of highly visible form of mourning. She attributed this to Egypt's ancient heritage. Such customs were first recorded in the Pyramid Texts during the third millennium BCE. She compared other modern rituals of death with ancient practices, e.g., keeping watch with the dead (even though it is at variance with official Islamic teaching), perfuming the dead, boats in tombs, lights for the dead, the modern peasant practice of placing bread on the bier of the dead, and washing the cloths of the dead. Omm Sety observed that in Lower modern Egypt, "old fashioned people" believed that the stars in the night sky represented the dead, and notes how in the Pyramid Texts, the Royal deceased were also thought to be stars. The practice in Omm Seti's time of not cutting hair or shaving as a sign of mourning is also echoed in ancient Egypt. Though it does not form part of official Islamic teaching, she noted the widespread belief amongst modern Egyptians, educated and uneducated, that each human had a qarina, a spiritual component which is separate from the soul, and she compared this with the ancient Egyptian belief in a person's Ka. Ancient Egyptians believed that the shadow of a person was an intrinsic part of human make-up, and Omm Sety noted that the peasants of modern Egypt held similar beliefs and treated the shadow with caution. She compared the modern Egyptian belief in Afrits (demonic beings who appear upside-down) with the demonic upside-down beings who appear in the Pyramid Texts. Ancient Egyptians believed in Heka, "magic," and used protective amulets with spells written on them. She compared this with modern practices, performed by poor sellers in market squares, in which verses of the Koran are inscribed on, or tucked into, amulets. Both ancient and modern Egyptians commonly believed in spiritual possession and practised techniques for freeing the victim. Examples survive from ancient times showing how a statue of a god, propitiated with offerings, brought the release of a possessed person. In modern times the person who presides over such a ritual is called a shaykh and, similar to ancient practices, offerings are made to the spirit which has taken up residence in the person. An alternative way is a ceremony called the butadjiyya, in which words are recited from the Quran with the patient immersed in the smoke of incense. A Christian method involves a pilgrimage to a Coptic Church at Mit Damsis. After ten days without washing it is hoped that St. George will appear and pierce the patient's foot from which the demon will depart. Omm Sety believed in the curative powers of water from certain holy places. She would heal herself by jumping into the sacred pool in the Osireion fully clothed. Friends report how she not only healed herself but others using this method. A baby brought to her by distraught parents because of breathing difficulties recovered after using water from the Osireion. Omm Sety reported that she no longer needed glasses, was cured of arthritis and appendicitis using the waters of the Osireion. Along with Kent Weeks, she was interested in and very knowledgeable on the subject of folk medicine. He notes that treatments used today can be traced back through ancient Egyptian texts which associate the particular trees used with goddesses such as Hathor and Isis. Omm Seti recorded that long after the conversion of Egypt to Islam, the power of the "old gods" was still recognised. Al-Maqrizi recorded that after a fanatical shaykh disfigured the face of the Sphinx the cultivated land around Giza was invaded and covered with sand. Unlike the gods associated with fertility, she noted the fear inspired in some modern Egyptians by a statue of the goddess Sekhmet even though they were unaware of the Ancient Egyptian accounts associating her with the destruction of mankind. A common belief amongst village people relates to a "bogeyman" and "terrorist," called Ba Bah, and compares with the obscure ancient Egyptian god Bwbi who similarly invoked terror. Villagers from the town of Arabet Abydos reported occasionally seeing a "large golden boat" floating upon a one-time lake. Omm Sety noted that the villagers were ignorant of the ancient Egyptian mystery play, once enacted at Abydos, involving a Neshmet boat. The villagers, obliviously, observed the apparition where there had once been a sacred lake. Popular customs associated with Easter, observed by both Copts and Muslims, were considered by her to probably originate in ancient Egypt. On "Job Wednesday," during the week preceding Easter Sunday, a bath is taken and the body scrubbed with a plant, "Egyptian Amaranath", called ghabira by the Muslims, and damissa by the Copts. They believe that Job of the Bible was cured from his leprosy by similar means. In the absence of any scriptural authority for this event, she speculates that it is based on the Pyramid texts in which the same plant is used by the King to purify himself. Between December and January (the month of Koiak in both ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars), Muslims and Copts, but mainly the latter, sow small gardens which are thought to bring prosperity to the household when they sprout. Omm Sety believed that this originates with the ancient Egyptian practice of sowing "Osiris Gardens" and "Osiris Beds" during the month of Kiahk. The sprouting vegetation symbolised resurrection. Andrew Strum notes a similar practice amongst Egyptian Jews, in this case relating to atonement for sin, and also speculates that this has its origins in the Osirian beliefs of ancient Egypt. Omm Sety detailed many other modern practices transmitted down from ancient times in short articles written between 1969 and 1975. These were edited and published by the Egyptologist Nicole B. Hansen in 2008, under the title "Omm Sety's Living Egypt: Surviving Folkways from Pharaonic Times," with a foreword by Kent Weeks and an introduction by Walter A. Fairservis. Later years On reaching the age of sixty in 1964, Omm Sety was faced with mandatory retirement by the Antiquities Department and advised to seek part-time work in Cairo. She went to Cairo, but only stayed one day before returning to Abydos. The Antiquities Department decided to make an exception to their retirement age rules and allowed her to continue her work at Abydos for a further five years, until she retired in 1969. Her pension of $30 per month was supplemented by needlework sold to friends and tourists, who also brought gifts of clothes, food, and reading materials. She began work as a part-time consultant for the Antiquities Department, guiding tourists around the Temple of Seti and explaining the symbolism of the painted wall scenes. In 1972, she suffered a mild heart attack and in the aftermath decided to sell her old house and move into a zareba (a ramshackle single room made of reeds). Ahmed Soliman, the son of the onetime keeper of the Temple of Seti, built a simple mudbrick house adjacent to his family home where Omm Sety moved and lived as part of the Soliman family. She reported in her diary that on first moving into her new home, Seti I appeared and carried out a ritual that consecrated the habitation, bowing reverently towards small statues of Osiris and Isis she kept in a small shrine-niche. During this visit Seti described the one and only time he saw the god Set, his namesake. As a prelude to meeting Set he fasted for ten days before entering the Chapel of the Great Strength, where the god appeared with "a beauty that cannot be described". On sensing that he was the spirit of all that was cruel and evil, Seti fled to the sound of mocking laughter from the god, never to serve Set again. He counselled that "one should not serve an evil being, even if it appears to have a good or useful attribute or function." Seti made several visits during the following weeks, during which he gave his opinion of the Greek story of Atlantis (a Cretan had once told him that the islands of the Aegean were the tops of mountains from a great land that had sunk into the Mediterranean) and the origins of Osiris ("our Lord came from Amenti, whence he returned"). Associations with Egyptologists Omm Seti got to know all the leading Egyptologists of her day during her stay in Abydos. Lanny Bell and William Murnane from Chicago House recalled going "up to Abydos to see Omm Sety, have tea in her place" and then view the temples with her. John Romer recalled taking a bottle of vodka to her home and Omm Sety having fun telling the slightly more ribald stories of the gods and goddesses. She spoke of Rameses II, the son of Seti I, whom she always saw as a teenager, as when Bentreshyt first knew him. She regarded him, in common with other Egyptologists, as "the most slandered of all the pharaohs" because of biblically derived accounts describing him as the Pharaoh of the Oppression and the slaughterer of baby boys, traits which are contradicted by contemporary records. Kenneth Kitchen, an expert on this period, considered her "a true Ramesside". He said that there was "a certain truth in her familial approach" and that she "came to all sorts of perfectly sensible conclusions about the actual, objective material of the Sety Temple." Nicholas Kendall of the National Film Board of Canada visited Egypt in 1979 to make a documentary, The Lost Pharaoh: The Search for Akhenaten. Donald Redford, who had led a team that recently unearthed material relating to the reign of Akhenaten, asked Omm Sety to appear in the film. She, in common with other Egyptologists, did not regard the king as a romantic idealist dedicated to a universal god, but a "one-track minded, authoritarian iconoclast who impaled captives and deported populations." In October 1980, Julia Cave and a team from the BBC arrived in Abydos to film the documentary Omm Sety and Her Egypt. Featuring interviews with Egyptologists T. G. H. James and Rosalie David, it described Abydos and the excavations that had been undertaken. It had extensive input from Omm Sety, who used crutches due to her deteriorating health. The documentary was broadcast on BBC 2 in May 1981. The Times wrote of the documentary: "An incredulous smile froze on my lips as I watched the Chronicle film Omm Sety and Her Egypt. Could I be absolutely positive it was all a lot of eyewash? Of course I couldn't. And neither will you be able to. In any case, it makes marvellous television." At the time the BBC were recording their documentary, the American producer Miriam Birch asked Omm Sety to appear, along with Egyptologists Kent Weeks and Lanny Bell, in a documentary that National Geographic Channel was filming, Egypt: Quest for Eternity. It concentrated on Rameses II, the son of Seti I. Shooting took place in March 1981, coinciding with Omm Sety's seventy-seventh birthday party at Chicago House, which was filmed. She was in a lot of pain but full of good cheer, and the film crew carried her up to the Temple of Seti for filming. This was to be her last visit to the shrine in which she believed she had served as a priestess 3,000 years before. Omm Seti had once said "Death holds no terror for me...I'll just do my best to get through the Judgment. I'm going to come before Osiris, who will probably give me a few dirty looks because I know I've committed some things I shouldn't have." Because the Muslims and Christians would not let "a heathen" be buried in their graveyards, Omm Sety built her own underground tomb decorated with a false door. Through this door the Ka was believed to travel between this world and the next, and it was engraved with an offering prayer in conformance with ancient beliefs. The staff of Chicago House gave her an imitation Shawabti figurine to place in the tomb. On 10 April 1981 she gave away her two cats as her condition deteriorated. On 15 April she received a letter from Olivia Robertson confirming that Omm Sety had been enrolled in the Fellowship of Isis, an interfaith spiritual movement focused on the goddess, on 23 March. On 21 April 1981 Omm Sety died in Abydos. The local health authority refused to allow her to be buried in the tomb she had constructed, so she was interred in an unmarked grave, facing the west, in the desert outside a Coptic cemetery. Possible sites for archaeological exploration In the early 1970s, shortly after Nasser's death, Omm Sety disclosed that she believed she knew the location of Nefertiti's tomb, but showed some reluctance in disclosing its "most unlikely place" because Seti I did not like Akhenaten for his attempt to suppress traditional Egyptian religious practices. "We don't want anything more of this family to be known." She described the location of the tomb as being close to Tutankhamun's, which was counter to the then-prevailing opinion that no more new tombs would be found in the Valley of the Kings. In 1998, the ARPT group led by Nicholas Reeves began exploring in the area of Tutankhamun's tomb, based on two anomalies found during a sonar sounding in 1976. During the dig, two undisturbed seals of the 20th dynasty scribe Wen-nefer, a well-known person whose seal has been found on many Valley tombs, were discovered. A radar scan in 2000 produced evidence of two empty chambers, but the work was halted pending an investigation into the theft of antiquities. In 2006, Otto Shaden, on a completely unrelated dig, accidentally burst into one of the "anomalies" (later numbered KV63), which contained particularly fine examples of mummification supplies used for a royal burial, presumably nearby. Reeves' opinion is that the second "anomaly" is likely to be an undisturbed tomb. In August 2015, a new paper was published by the egyptologist Nicholas Reeves, likely confirming the finding. While the general public tend to focus on the beauty of ancient Egyptian artefacts, scholars highly value texts which reveal more about history and religious beliefs. Since Edgar Cayce, a clairvoyant of Presbyterian background, asserted while in a trance state that a Hall of Records was to be found in the area of the Sphinx, there have been repeated attempts to find its supposed location. In 1973, Omm Sety recalled asking Seti I about these Halls of Records. He replied that every temple had a book repository ("Per-Medjat"), but that the one attached to the Temple of Amun-Ra in Luxor contained all the important documents "from the time of the Ancestors," including those that survived the political upheaval at the end of the 6th dynasty. In 1952, Omm Sety translated for Abdul Kader inscriptions from Ram statues he had uncovered from the temple at Luxor. They had been found in the area where Seti located the Hall of Records. Contrary to normal practice for this type of statue, there was no writing on the back, suggesting that they had once been placed against an otherwise unknown wall or building. Based on Seti's description and the location of the Rams, both she and Dr. Zeini believed that the Hall of Records is likely to be located under the modern building which houses the Arab Socialist League. Opinions of Egyptologists According to the late John A. Wilson, head of the Oriental Institute, and called the "dean of American Egyptology" by contemporaries, Omm Sety deserved to be treated as "a responsible scholar." She was a source for modern scholarship seeking to understand how traditional ancient religious practices have survived into modern times, as "folk customs" practiced by modern Egyptians Copts and Muslims. Unlike other people who claimed to be reincarnated figures from ancient Egypt, she was treated with respect by Egyptologists, and whilst none publicly subscribed to the phenomena she reported, none doubted her sincerity and many have used her observations of past and present Egypt as reliable source material. Kent Weeks wrote that scholars have "never doubted the accuracy of Omm Sety's field observations. As an ethnographer, a participant-observer of modern Egyptian village life, Omm Sety has had few equals. Her studies easily hold their own next to the works of Lane, Blackman, Henein, and others who have examined Egypt's long and fascinating cultural traditions." Egyptologists who knew Omm Sety were impressed by her knowledge of ancient Egypt. Klaus Baer of the Oriental Institute commented that "she had visions and worshipped the ancient Egyptian gods. But she understood the methods and standards of scholarship, which is usually not the case with nuts," nor did she "desire to convert anyone." Omm Sety was impressed by Hermann Junker, "one of the elders of 20th century archaeology," who had taught Selim Hassan. He advocated a more honest approach to the study of ancient Egyptian religion, believing that "nobody had made a real effort to go deeply enough into it." She admired his open-mindedness, especially since Junker was also a Catholic priest. One noted Egyptologist, who did not wish to be named, commented "I was deeply shocked when, one night, I attended a party given by Dr. Ahmed Fakhry behind the Great Pyramid...and there under the full moon was Dorothy Eady belly dancing! I couldn't believe my eyes!" William Murnane of the Oriental Institute recalled "It was always a pleasure to be with her and listen to whatever she said...you really couldn't take her anything but seriously." Kenneth Kitchen, author of the seven-volume "Ramesside Inscriptions," described Omm Sety as a "true Ramesside" who "came to all sorts of conclusions about the actual objective material of the Sety Temple – which may have also coincided with things that she felt she knew some other way...and that paid dividends. Donald Redford invited Omm Sety to appear in the documentary "The Lost Pharaoh," in which she gives her description of Akhenaton, including a negative view of the religious revolution he attempted (comparing him to the Ayatollah Khomeini – "a fanatic"), a viewpoint broadly shared by scholars such as Seton-Williams and Redford. John A. Wilson of the Oriental Institute of Chicago praised her book "Abydos, Holy city of Ancient Egypt" for its "comprehensive coverage of every ancient element in Abydos". During a visit to the Great Pyramid by a Japanese team with sophisticated sensing equipment, one English Egyptologist, with nods of approval from others, said "If Omm Sety were still here I'd take her word for where things can be found, any day, over the most-state-of-the-art equipment out there." William Simpson, Professor of Egyptology at Yale, considered Omm Sety to be a "delightful person" and thought that "a great many people in Egypt took advantage of her because she more or less traded her knowledge of ancient Egypt by writing or helping people out by doing drafting for them for a pittance." Dr. Labib Habachi, one of "two leading Egyptian archaeologists of his day" and a great admirer of Dorothy Eady's work, claimed that she was a ghost writer. James P. Allen commented "Sometimes you weren't sure whether Omm Sety wasn't pulling your leg. Not that she was a phoney in what she said or believed – she was absolutely not a con artist – but she knew that some people looked on her as a crackpot, so she kind of fed into that notion and let you go either way with it...She believed enough to make it spooky, and it made you doubt your own sense of reality sometimes." Barbara Lesko wrote, "She was a great help to Egyptian scholars, especially Hassan and Fakhry, correcting their English and writing English language articles for others. So this poorly educated Englishwoman developed in Egypt into a first rate draughtswoman and prolific and talented writer who, even under her own name, produced articles, essays, monographs and books of great range, wit and substance." William Golding wrote of the Egyptologists he met in his travels through Egypt in the 1980s who were "as well disposed to the Mystery as any child could have wished." When "the question arose of a dear lady who believed herself to have been a priestess of a particular temple, they did not dismiss her as a crackpot but agreed that she had something." Other opinions Carl Sagan considered Omm Sety as "a lively, intelligent, dedicated woman who made real contributions to Egyptology. This is true whether her belief in reincarnation is fact or fantasy." He viewed such phenomena as being rooted in fear of death and that humankind has commonly sought reassurance in some form of afterlife. He pointed out that there was no independent record, other than her own accounts, to verify what she claimed. In his opinion, whilst "functioning soundly and constructively in most aspects of her adult life" she "nevertheless carried strong childhood, adolescent fantasies" into adulthood. A psychiatrist who specialized in adolescent behaviour speculated that Dorothy Eady's fall down stairs as a child may have resulted in damage to the locus ceruleus, which could have resulted in a dislocation from her surroundings resulting in the embracement of an obsession. The psychologist Michael Gruber noted that Omm Sety lived "a functional life in so-called everyday reality", including work in Egyptology, embroidery, making jewellery and socializing with people. Her reported experiences enriched her life so much that "it would be an extreme loss to have seen her simply as someone who was hallucinating" A 1987 New York Times article described a biography of her as an "intriguing and convincing modern case histor[y]" of the belief in reincarnation. Publications "A Dream of the Past", 1949, Egyptian State Tourist Board "A Question of Names", 1970, American Research Centre in Egypt, Newsletter 71, pp. 10–15 "Some Miraculous Wells and Springs of Egypt", 1970, American Research Centre in Egypt, Newsletter 75, pp. 17–22 "Warding off an Eclipse" 1972, American Research Centre in Egypt, Newsletter 80-, pp. 25–27 "Omm Sety's Abydos", 1979–80, 1982, Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities "Abydos: Holy City of Ancient Egypt", 1981, with H. El Zeini "Survivals from Ancient Egypt" "Pharaoh: Democrat or Despot", with Hanny El Zeini, unpublished . Sources The Search for Omm Sety, Jonathan Cott in collaboration with Dr. Hanny El Zeini, Doubleday & Company, 1987, Omm Sety's Living Egypt: Surviving folkways from Pharaonic Times, Omm Sety (author), Edited by Nicole B. Hansen, Glyphdoctors Chicago, 2008, Omm Sety's Egypt, Hanny el Zeini & Catherine Dees, T Lynn's Press, 2007, Breaking Ground: Women in Old World Archaeology: Omm Sety, Barbara Lesko -PDF Find-a-Grave for Omm Sety References External links Omm Sety – Priestess of Ancient Egypt? Article about Dorothy Eady / Omm Sety on Brian Haughton's website. 1904 births 1981 deaths Egyptian Egyptologists British Egyptologists British Modern Pagans Reincarnation British emigrants to Egypt British women archaeologists People from Blackheath, London British women historians

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20New%20Orleans%20Levee

The New Orleans Levee

The New Orleans Levee is a New Orleans-based, American satire publication founded by editor and publisher Rudy Matthew Vorkapic. The Levees motto is, "We Don't Hold Anything Back". The first issue (40,000 copies) debuted on Aug. 29, 2006, exactly one year after the failure of the federal levee system in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina. The Levee launched as a response to the ongoing failures of local, state and federal governments in the aftermath of the federal levee failures during Hurricane Katrina. The New Orleans Levees stated mission, outlined in the first issue, is "redirect the inanity back at those who spew it." The paper maintains a non-partisan stand politically, in that it operates under the belief that "stupidity is not a partisan issue." The New Orleans Levee normally prints 42,000 copies and is distributed for free to more than 400 locations throughout New Orleans, the area and regionally from Baton Rouge to Mississippi. It is available online at nolevee.com and through home subscriptions. The Levee maintains an active and popular presence on Facebook and Twitter. Its plans include a revamped website (complete) and video production (coming soon). Since 2009, readers of local alternative newspaper Gambit Weekly have judged The Levee in the Top Three for "Best Local Publication" in their annual reader poll. External links What Does Business Law Involve?: Read On! When The Levee Breaks News New Orleans newspaper lampoons pols Newspapers published in New Orleans Publications established in 2006 Satirical newspapers

14421236

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Nazarius%20%28abbot%29

Saint Nazarius (abbot)

Saint Nazarius () was the fourteenth abbot of the monastery of Lérins, probably during the reign of the Merovingian Clotaire II (584-629). He successfully attacked the remnants of paganism on the southern coast of France, overthrew a sanctuary of Venus near Cannes, and founded on its site a convent for women, which was destroyed by the Saracens in the 8th century. His name is inscribed on the calendar of saints of the French Church, on 18 November. References 7th-century Frankish saints French Roman Catholic saints

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clair%20E.%20Robb

Clair E. Robb

Clair E. Robb (April 13, 1905 – August 6, 1965) was a Justice of the Kansas Supreme Court from January 10, 1955, to August 6, 1965. Robb, a Republican, was appointed to the Supreme Court seat vacated by Hugo T. Wedell, who did not seek re-election at the end of his term. Prior to the Supreme Court appointment, the Wichita native had been serving as a district court judge for 10 years. After serving four years as a judge of the Wichita city court, he then severed the 3rd division of the Sedgwick County District Court before becoming the presiding court judge of all four county divisions. Robb was succeeded by Robert H. Kaul who was appointed after his death while still in service. His predecessor Hugo T. Wedell in his position of chairman of the Supreme court nominating commission called for recommendations in addition to the ones already made for the replacement of William J. Wertz that was already ongoing. He first went to the University of Kansas and then received a law degree from the Washburn University School of Law in 1933 where at the age of 19 he had declared that someday he would serve on the Kansas Supreme Court. He died Friday August 6, 1965 from a heart seizure at his home and was taken to Stormont Vail Hospital where he was pronounced dead on arrival. He was survived by his wife, a son and a daughter. References Justices of the Kansas Supreme Court Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Kansas Washburn University alumni University of Kansas alumni 1905 births 1965 deaths People from Wichita, Kansas 20th-century American judges