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58126531

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannis%20Theodorakeas

Ioannis Theodorakeas

Ioannis Theodorakeas (; born 26 March 1941) is a Greek rower. He competed in two events at the 1960 Summer Olympics. References 1941 births Living people Greek male rowers Olympic rowers of Greece Rowers at the 1960 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Kalamata

49142724

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Moriarty%20%28judge%29

Michael Moriarty (judge)

Michael Anthony Moriarty (born 15 June 1946) is a retired Irish judge who served as a Judge of the High Court from 1996 to 2018 and a Judge of the Circuit Court from 1987 to 1996. Early career Born in Belfast to parents James and Nora Moriarty. He moved to Dublin in 1960 and was educated at Blackrock College, University College Dublin and King's Inns. He was called to the bar in 1968, and became a Senior Counsel in March 1982. He specialised in criminal law at the bar. He was appointed Chairman of the Employment Appeals Tribunal in 1986. Judicial career He became a Judge of the Circuit Court in 1987. He was appointed a Judge of the High Court in March 1996. He was the chairperson of the Lord Mayor's Commission on Crime. He is best known as Chair of the Moriarty Tribunal, which he chaired between 1997 and 2010. The Tribunal investigated the financial affairs of former Taoiseach Charles Haughey and former Minister Michael Lowry. The first report, in 2006, found that Haughey had misappropriated funds. The second report, delivered in 2011, found that Lowry had shared information with Denis O'Brien "of significant value and assistance" to aid in the awarding of a mobile telephone licence. He retired in April 2018, following 31 years as a judge. Personal life He was formerly married to Mary Irvine, with whom he has three children. He subsequently married Doreen Delahunty. References 1946 births Living people Irish lawyers Alumni of University College Dublin High Court judges (Ireland) Circuit Court (Ireland) judges People educated at Blackrock College Lawyers from Belfast Alumni of King's Inns

62750051

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20McLean%20%28boxer%29

Andrew McLean (boxer)

Andrew John McLean (born 1976) is a male retired boxer who competed for England. Boxing career McLean was a double English National Champion in 1998 and 2000 after winning the prestigious ABA lightweight title, boxing out of the Birtley ABC. He represented England in the lightweight (-60 kg) division and won a bronze medal, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He turned professional on 17 March 2001. References 1976 births English male boxers Boxers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Living people Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England Lightweight boxers

308083

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province

Nakhon Phanom province

Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. Geography The province, in the Mekong River valley, is mostly plains. The northern part of the province has a more upland, forest-covered character. The main river in the northern part is the Songkhram River with the smaller Oun River. The southern part is flatter with the Kum River as its only notable watercourse. The provincial capital, the city of Nakhon Phanom, is on the banks of the Mekong. Phu Lang Ka National Park covers 50 km2 of forests and hills, and includes the Tat Kham and Tat Pho waterfalls as its most popular attractions. Flowers such as the Lady Slipper Orchid and diverse wildlife are found in the park. The total forest area is or 14 percent of provincial area. History The name Nakhon Phanom, meaning 'city of mountains', was given to the city by King Rama I. There are no mountains within Nakhon Phanom itself, the limestone mountains being concentrated in the city of Thakhek in Laos on the other side of the Mekong River. Nakhon Phanom is more accurately described as a city where mountains can be seen. The area had been long settled by Lao people and belonged to the Lan Xang Kingdom. After it came under the control of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya, the population remained predominantly Lao speaking. At first it was known as Si Khottrabun, and during the reign of King Rama I was called Marukkhanakhon. During the American War (or Vietnam War) Nakhon Phanom saw fighting between North Vietnamese insurgents and US forces. During the 1960s, 73 of the 131 sub-district (tambons) were allegedly infiltrated by the Vietnamese and Lao communists, and the province was known as the "heartland of insurgency". US and Thai forces established a base at Nakhon Phanom, where the Thai military hosted the 56th Air Commando Wing, which conducted special operations against both the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos and carried out counter-insurgency operations against Thai communist forces while conducting search and rescue operations primarily inside Laos and North Vietnam. On 7 August 1965, an ethnic Phu Thai village in the province, made headlines when Thailand's first-ever physical confrontation between communist fighters and Thai security forces occurred. Eight communist villagers were involved, one of whom was shot dead during the incident after the town was surrounded by state forces. Between 1967 and 1971, most of the communist insurgents were defeated. Towards the end of the Vietnam War, US forces moved their Indochinese military operations to Nakhon Phanom. Vietnamese communist leader Ho Chi Minh had resided from 1928 and 1931 in Ban Nachok, a small village on the road between what is now the airbase and Nakhon Phanom. His former home and a museum are open to the public. Symbols The provincial seal shows the pagoda of Phra That Phanom in That Phanom District. Originally constructed around 535 BCE in Khmer-style, it collapsed in 1675 and was rebuilt in Lao-style. The provincial tree, as well as flower, is Fagraea fragrans. The provincial slogan is "The city of the revered Phrathat Phanom, cultural diversity, beautiful Phu Thai ladies, brilliant illuminated boat procession and picturesque Mekong River". Culture Important festivals in the province include the traditional dances of the Phu Thai ethnic group held in May and June every year. The Phra That Phanom temple fair is held every February, when many locals visit the temple to pay homage. At the end of the Buddhist Lent in November, an illuminated boat procession takes place. The cuisine is similar to that of Isan. Pla ra, fermented, preserved fish, originally comes from the Si Songkhram area is now popular throughout Thailand. Traditional products in the province include hand-woven fabric, made from silk or cotton. Renu Nakhon, That Phanom, and Si Songkhram Districts are the centers of this industry. Also hand-made khene instruments are made in the province. Economy Special Economic Zone , a commercial mixed-use project with a hotel, sports complex, healthcare and trade exhibition center, respectively, and other facilities is being constructed on a 1,335 rai site near the third Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge and Nakhon Phanom checkpoint. It is one of ten special economic zones (SEZ) to be built throughout the country. Tourism The province derives little income from tourism. According to government officials, roughly 1.2 million tourists visited in 2017, of which only 10 percent of them were foreigners. The province projects tourist arrivals to reach more than 1.5 million in 2018. Administrative divisions Provincial government The province is divided into 12 districts (amphoes). The districts are further divided into 97 subdistricts (tambons) and 1,040 villages (mubans). Local government As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Nakhon Phanom Provincial Administration Organisation () and 22 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Nakhon Phanom has town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 21 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 81 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon). Education The town is home to Nakhon Phanom University, formed in 2005 by the merger of several local schools including the former Nakhon Phanom Rajabhat University. Transport Roads Route 212 runs from Nong Khai along the Mekong River through Nakhon Phanom to Mukdahan, and then south to Ubon Ratchathani. Route 22 leads west through Sakhon Nakhon to Udon Thani. Air Nakhon Phanom is served by Nakhon Phanom Airport, located four kilometers west of town. Human achievement index 2017 Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017. Gallery External links Provincial website Tourist Authority of Thailand Mekong river level critically low (8 March 2021) Bangkok Post Nakhon Phanom During The Secret War 1962-1975 References Isan Provinces of Thailand Populated places on the Mekong River

21576173

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCcker%20Moor

Hücker Moor

Hücker Moor is a lake in , Spenge, Kreis Herford, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. At an elevation of 62.7 m, its surface area is 10.9 ha. References Lakes of North Rhine-Westphalia LHucker Moor Bogs of North Rhine-Westphalia

40662081

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilia%20Aguilar%20Gil

Lilia Aguilar Gil

Lilia Aguilar Gil (born 17 August 1977) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PT. She currently serves as Deputy of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Chihuahua. References External links 1977 births Living people Politicians from Chihuahua (state) Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) Deputies of the LXII Legislature of Mexico Labor Party (Mexico) politicians 21st-century Mexican politicians 21st-century Mexican women politicians Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education alumni Harvard Kennedy School alumni Members of the Congress of Chihuahua People from Ojinaga, Chihuahua

45660921

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loxton%20North%20Football%20Club

Loxton North Football Club

The Loxton North Football Club are an Australian rules football club which compete in the Riverland Football League. The club was formed in 1954 and competed in the Upper Murray "B" grade competition. In 1964 the club was promoted to A grade. Premierships 1979, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2011, 2013, 2015 Books The encyclopedia of South Australian Country Football Clubs. Peter Lines References External links Official AFL Website RFL League Website Australian rules football clubs established in 1954 1954 establishments in Australia Australian rules football clubs in South Australia

21749035

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Maluleka

George Maluleka

George Nyiko Maluleka (born 7 January 1989) is a South African soccer player who plays for Mamelodi Sundowns in the South African Premier Soccer Division. Club career Maluleka played for Kempton Park FC and Pretoria University starting out as a striker. In 2006, Maluleke was promoted to the senior side. He managed a fabulous spell with the club totaling ten goals in 28 matches. Maluleka was noticed by Supersport United and in 2007 he joined the club. Maluleka struggled to get game time and spent time on the bench as unused substitute. He was loaned to Pretoria University. In 2009, he was loaned again to Ajax Cape Town. In 2012, Maluleka returned to the parent Supersport United. In 2014, he joined Kaizer Chiefs, signing a three and a half-year contract. He made his Chiefs debut on 23 January 2014 in a 1–0 win over Mamelodi Sundowns at Loftus Versfeld. He scored his first goal in Amakhosi colours in a 2–0 win over a relegation zone-placed Polokwane City where both George Lebese and George Maluleka scored. Maluleka featured in a pre-season friendly match against Chippa United and he blasted home Chiefs' fourth goal in the dying seconds to win 4–2. On 26 July 2014 during the 2014 Carling Black Label Cup, Maluleka missed a penalty in 66th minute with the ball crashing onto the woodwork and missed again in the penalty shoot out with an identical copy of the penalty he took earlier and Orlando Pirates won 6–5. Maluleka scored a second half brace in the MTN8 1st leg semi-final against Platinum Stars, he volleyed home after Luvolwethu Mpeta poorly cleared a Kingston Nkhatha header and scored a sublime free kick outside the box to win 2–0. He was voted Goal.com's Player of the Week. He curled home another free kick from 22-yards in the second leg to give Chiefs a 3–0 aggregate lead. Chiefs made it to the final winning 5–0 on aggregate. International career Maluleka made his debut for the senior national team on 12 November 2011 in a 1–1 draw against Ivory Coast. References External links 1989 births South African soccer players Living people SuperSport United F.C. players Association football midfielders People from Tembisa University of Pretoria F.C. players Cape Town Spurs F.C. players South Africa international soccer players Kaizer Chiefs F.C. players Sportspeople from Gauteng

46566205

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith%20Lucy%20Is%20All%20Woman

Judith Lucy Is All Woman

Judith Lucy Is All Woman is a six-part Australian television comedy documentary series starring Melbourne comedian Judith Lucy. It first screened on Wednesday 11 February 2015 at 9pm on the ABC. The series follows on from Judith Lucy’s Spiritual Journey. Overview Lucy explores where women are in modern Australia and what it means for men. The series covers subjects such as sex, show business, politics, families, cougars, cosmetic surgery and careers and chats to people from all walks of life, from all over the country. Lucy tries to work out if the battle of the sexes is still in progress and if so, who is winning? "I Am Woman" In the final episode, Lucy recorded a version of Helen Reddy's "I Am Woman" and it was released by ABC Music. This rendition is credited as Judith Lucy featuring Deborah Conway, Ella Hooper, Vika and Linda Bull, Kylie Auldist, Bertie Blackman, Liz Stringer, Lisa Miller, Jen Cloher, Monique Brumby, Angie Hart, Justine Clarke, Rebecca Barnard, Evelyn Morris, Antonia Sellbach & Karla Way. Suzie Ahern coached the choir. References External links 2015 Australian television series debuts 2015 Australian television series endings Australian comedy television series Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming

24663298

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassine%20Jaber

Yassine Jaber

Yassine Jaber is a liberal Shia member of parliament in Lebanon who has represented the Nabatiyeh district in South Lebanon since the first post Lebanese Civil War election in 1992. He is an independent candidate but is affiliated with the Liberation and Development bloc led by Amal Movement head and Parliamentary Speaker Nabih Berri. In the May 2018 elections, Jaber won 7,920 preferential votes under a newly instituted, hybrid voting system that put him at the 71st place out of 515 total candidates across the country. Biography Yasin Kamel Jaber was born in Nabatiyeh in 1951. After graduating with a BA in Business Administration from the American University of Beirut in 1973, Jaber founded a financial company in the capitol and worked there until the beginning of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975. Although he spent 1976-1978 abroad, working mainly in Saudi Arabia, Africa, Britain and Los Angeles in the contracting and international trade sectors, Jaber soon returned to Lebanon in order to launch several real estate, tourism and hotel projects in Beirut. From 1981, while still managing his projects in Lebanon, he primarily resided in London where he was a member of the Board of Directors of the British-Lebanese Friendship Society and a member of the Advisory Council of the Arab Community in Britain. Shortly after the end of the Lebanese Civil War in 1990, Jaber ran and won a seat in the new Parliamentary elections, held in 1992. In 1993 he was appointed to the Board of Directors of Casino Du Lebanon and in 1994 became a member of the re-launched Beirut Stock Exchange Committee. Appointed Minister of Economy from 1996 to 1998, he was part of the Rafik Hariri Government avidly engaged in the reconstruction of Lebanon. In his post, he was also the first Lebanese Minister of Economy to consider the social and psychological costs of war and promote peace through economic development. Continuing in the tradition of Lebanese leaders committed to free commerce, Jaber strongly advocated for free trade with the United States and other countries. In 2016, as chairman of the Foreign Affairs and Expatriates Committee, Jaber introduced several landmark bills that aim to set up a national oil company to manage Lebanon's nascent energy sector and create a special petroleum revenue directorate at the Finance Ministry. Notably, Jaber's approach is geared toward saving the country's newfound wealth rather than paying down Lebanon's heavy debt burden or investing in infrastructure. "The easiest option would be to say, 'Yeah, we have oil money coming in and we will just take it and continue like we’re doing.'" Jaber also became a leading voice in Lebanon arguing for expanding the capacities of elected officials and institutions, launching a series of training workshops for the staffers of the Lebanese Parliament in partnership with the European Union. The effort seeks to broaden ICT techniques, legislative drafting and legal scrutiny, etiquettes and protocol techniques, budget analysis for researchers, as well as training for media reporters accredited to the Parliament. Considered a liberal politician, Jaber is a vocal support of human rights through equitable economic development in other countries such as South Africa He is currently married to Wafaa Mohamed Al Ali, and has four children: Kamel, Sara, Tamara and Naêl. See also Lebanese Parliament Members of the 2009-2013 Lebanese Parliament References Official Website Living people Members of the Parliament of Lebanon Lebanese Shia Muslims Year of birth missing (living people)

52323852

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Albania%20%281800%E2%80%931912%29

Islam in Albania (1800–1912)

Islam in Albania (1800–1912) refers to the period that followed on after the conversion to Islam by a majority of Albanians in the 17th and 18th centuries. By the beginning of 19th century Islam had become consolidated within Albania and little conversion occurred. With the Eastern Crisis of the 1870s and its geo-political implications of partition for Albanians, the emerging National Awakening became a focal point of reflection and questioned the relationship between Muslim Albanians, Islam and the Ottoman Empire. These events and other changing social dynamics revolving around Islam would come to influence how Albanians viewed the Muslim faith and their relationship to it. Those experiences and views carried on in the 20th century had profound implications on shaping Islam in Albania that surfaced during the communist era. Background At the beginning of the 19th century Albanians were divided into three religious groups. Catholic Albanians who had some Albanian ethno-linguistic expression in schooling and church due to Austro-Hungarian protection and Italian clerical patronage. Orthodox Albanians under the Patriarchate of Constantinople had liturgy and schooling in Greek and toward the late Ottoman period mainly identified with Greek national aspirations. While Muslim Albanians during this period formed around 70% of the overall Balkan Albanian population in the Ottoman Empire with an estimated population of more than a million. With the rise of the Eastern Crisis, Muslim Albanians became torn between loyalties to the Ottoman state and the emerging Albanian nationalist movement. Islam, the Sultan and the Ottoman Empire were traditionally seen as synonymous in belonging to the wider Muslim community. While the Albanian nationalist movement advocated self-determination and strived to achieve socio-political recognition of Albanians as a separate people and language within the state. Between 1839 and 1876, the Ottoman Empire initiated modernising government reforms during the Tanzimat period and the Albanian Ottoman elite opposed them, in particular of having Ottoman officials from other parts of the empire sent to govern Ottoman Albanian areas and the introduction of a new centralised military recruitment system. National Awakening and Islam The Russo-Ottoman war of 1878 and the threat of partition of Ottoman Albanian inhabited areas amongst neighbouring Balkan states at the Congress of Berlin led to the emergence of the League of Prizren (1878–81) to prevent those aims. The league began as an organisation advocating Islamic solidarity and restoration of the status quo (pre-1878). In time it also included Albanian national demands such as the creation of a large Albanian vilayet or province which led to its demise by the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire viewed Muslim Albanians as a bulwark to further encroachment by Christian Balkan states to its territory. It therefore opposed emerging Albanian national sentiments and Albanian language education amongst its Muslim component that would sever Muslim Albanians from the Ottoman Empire. During this time the Ottoman Empire appealed to pan-Islamic identity and attempted to console Muslim Albanians for example by employing mainly them in the Imperial Palace Guard and offering their elite socio-political and other privileges. Of the Muslim Albanian elite of the time, though there were reservations regarding Ottoman central government control they remained dependent on state civil, military and other employment. For that elite, remaining within the empire meant that Albanians were a dynamic and influential group in the Balkans, while within an independent Albania connoted being surrounded by hostile Christian neighbours and open to the dictates of other European powers. Wars and socio-political instability resulting in increasing identification with the Ottoman Empire amongst some Muslims within the Balkans during the late Ottoman period made the terms Muslim and Turk synonymous. In this context, Muslim Albanians of the era were conferred and received the term Turk while preferring to distance themselves from ethnic Turks. This practice has somewhat continued amongst Balkan Christian peoples in contemporary times who still refer to Muslim Albanians as Turks, Turco-Albanians, with often pejorative connotations and historic negative socio-political repercussions. During this time small numbers of Slavic Muslims, Bosniaks from the Herzegovina Mostar area migrated due to the Herzegovina Uprising (1875) and Slavic Muslims expelled (1878) by Montenegrin forces from Podgorica both settled in a few settlements in north-western Albania. These geo-political events nonetheless pushed Albanian nationalists, including large numbers of Muslims, to distance themselves from the Ottomans, Islam and the then emerging pan-Islamic Ottomanism of Sultan Abdulhamid II. Another factor overlaying these concerns during the Albanian National Awakening (Rilindja) period were thoughts that Western powers would only favour Christian Balkan states and peoples in the anti Ottoman struggle. During this time Albanian nationalists conceived of Albanians as a European people who under Skanderbeg resisted the Ottoman Turks that later subjugated and cut the Albanians off from Western European civilisation. Another measure for nationalists promoting the Skanderbeg myth among Albanians was for them to turn their backs on their Ottoman heritage which was viewed as being the source of the Albanians' predicament. From 1878 onward Albanian nationalists and intellectuals, some who emerged as the first modern Albanian scholars were preoccupied with overcoming linguistic and cultural differences between Albanian subgroups (Gegs and Tosks) and religious divisions (Muslim and Christians). Muslim (Bektashi) Albanians were heavily involved with the Albanian National Awakening producing many figures like Faik Konitza, Ismail Qemali, Midhat Frashëri, Shahin Kolonja and others advocating for Albanian interests and self-determination. Representing the complexities and interdependencies of both Ottoman and Albanians worlds, these individuals and others during this time also contributed to the Ottoman state as statesmen, military personnel, religious figures, intellectuals, journalists and being members of Union and Progress (CUP) movement. Such figures were Sami Frashëri who reflecting on Islam and Albanians viewed Bektashism as a milder syncretic form of Islam with Shiite and Christian influences that could overcome Albanian religious divisions through mass conversion to it. The Bektashi Sufi order during the late Ottoman period, with around 20 tekkes in Southern Albania also played a role during the Albanian National Awakening by cultivating and stimulating Albanian language and culture and was important in the construction of national Albanian ideology. Late Ottoman period During the late Ottoman period, Muslims inhabited compactly the entire mountainous and hilly hinterland located north of the Himarë, Tepelenë, Këlcyrë and Frashëri line that encompasses most of the Vlorë, Tepelenë, Mallakastër, Skrapar, Tomorr and Dishnicë regions. There were intervening areas where Muslims lived alongside Albanian speaking Christians in mixed villages, towns and cities with either community forming a majority or minority of the population. In urban settlements Muslims were almost completely a majority in Tepelenë and Vlorë, a majority in Gjirokastër with a Christian minority, whereas Berat, Përmet and Delvinë had a Muslim majority with a large Christian minority. A Muslim population was also located in Konispol and some villages around the town. While the Ottoman administrative sancaks or districts of Korçë and Gjirokastër in 1908 contained a Muslim population that numbered 95,000 in contrast to 128,000 Orthodox inhabitants. Apart from small and spread out numbers of Muslim Romani, Muslims in these areas that eventually came to constitute contemporary southern Albania were all Albanian speaking Muslims. In southern Albania during the late Ottoman period being Albanian was increasingly associated with Islam, while from the 1880s the emerging Albanian National Movement was viewed as an obstacle to Hellenism within the region. Some Orthodox Albanians began to affiliate with the Albanian National movement causing concern for Greece and they worked together with Muslim Albanians regarding shared social and geo-political Albanian interests and aims. In central and southern Albania, Muslim Albanian society was integrated into the Ottoman state. It was organised into a small elite class owning big feudal estates worked by a large peasant class, both Christian and Muslim though few other individuals were also employed in the military, business, as artisans and in other professions. While northern Albanian society was little integrated into the Ottoman world. Instead it was organised through a tribal structure of clans (fis) of whom many were Catholic with others being Muslim residing in mountainous terrain that Ottomans often had difficulty in maintaining authority and control. When religious conflict occurred it was between clans of opposing faiths, while within the scope of clan affiliation religious divisions were sidelined. Shkodër was inhabited by a Muslim majority with a sizable Catholic minority. In testimonies of the late Ottoman period they describe the Muslim conservatism of the Albanian population in central and northern Albania which in places such as Shkodër was expressed sometimes in the form of discrimination against Catholic Albanians. Other times Muslim and Catholic Albanians cooperated with each other for example forming the Shkodër committee during time of the League of Prizren. In matrimonial affairs during the Ottoman period it was permissible for Muslim males to marry Christian females and not vice versa. During the 19th century however, in areas of Northern Albania powerful and observant Catholics married Muslim women who converted upon marriage. Conversions to Islam from Christianity by Albanians still occurred during the early years of the 20th century. In 1908 the Young Turk revolution, in part instigated by Muslim Albanian Ottoman officials and troops with CUP leanings deposed Sultan Abdul Hamit II and installed a new government which promised reforms. In 1908, an alphabet congress with Muslim, Catholic and Orthodox delegates in attendance agreed to adopt a Latin character-based Albanian alphabet and the move was considered an important step for Albanian unification. Opposition toward the Latin alphabet came from some Albanian Muslims and clerics who with the Ottoman government preferred an Arabic-based Albanian alphabet, due to concerns that a Latin alphabet undermined ties with the Muslim world. Due to the alphabet matter, relations between Albanian nationalists, many of whom were Muslim, and Ottoman authorities broke down. In the late Ottoman period Bektashi Muslims in Albania distanced themselves from Albanian Sunnis who opposed Albanian independence. The Ottoman government was concerned that Albanian nationalism might inspire other Muslim nationalities toward such initiatives and threaten the Muslim-based unity of the empire. Overall Albanian nationalism was a reaction to the gradual breakup of the Ottoman Empire and a response to Balkan and Christian national movements that posed a threat to an Albanian population that was mainly Muslim. Albanian nationalism was supported by many Muslim Albanians and the Ottomans adopted measures to repress it which toward the end of Ottoman rule resulted in the occurrence of two Albanian revolts. The first revolt was during 1910 in northern Albania and Kosovo reacting toward the new Ottoman government policy of centralization. The other revolt in the same areas was in 1912 that sought Albanian political and linguistic self-determination under the bounds of the Ottoman Empire and with both revolts many of the leaders and fighters were Muslim Albanians. These Albanian revolts and eventual independence (1912) were turning points that impacted the Young Turk government which increasingly moved from a policy direction of pan-Ottomanism and Islam toward a singular national Turkish outlook. With a de-emphasis of Islam, the Albanian national movement gained the strong support of two Adriatic sea powers Austria-Hungary and Italy who were concerned about pan-Slavism in the wider Balkans and Anglo-French hegemony purportedly represented through Greece in the area. See also History of Ottoman Albania Albanian National Awakening Islam in Albania (1913-1944) References Citations Sources 1800-1912 Shia Islam in Albania Sufism in Albania Ottoman Albania Sunni Islam

876251

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Tresidder

Donald Tresidder

Donald Bertrand Tresidder (April 7, 1894 – January 28, 1948) was the fourth president of Stanford University, serving from 1943 until his sudden death in 1948. He also had a longtime association with Yosemite National Park. Early life Son of John Treloar Tresidder (from Cornwall), Tresidder was born in Tipton, Indiana. Yosemite At the age of 20 he took a trip with his sister to Southern California. The railroad tracks were washed out, so they went to Yosemite Valley instead. There he met many Stanford faculty, who convinced him to enroll in Stanford University. On that visit to Yosemite, Tresidder met his future wife Mary Curry, daughter of David and Jennie Curry, the owners of Camp Curry. Tresidder spent his summers working in Yosemite as a porter and other odd jobs, and was briefly fired for taking his future wife rock climbing up the back side of Half Dome. They married June 17, 1920. After graduating from Stanford he became president of Yosemite Park and Curry Company. During his tenure he presided over the construction of new roads, the Badger Pass Ski Area, and the Ahwahnee Hotel, built in 1927 and now a National Historic Landmark. For many years, Tresidder played the role of the Squire at the Bracebridge Dinner, a lavish Christmas feast which was held every Christmas Day at the Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite. His wife played the role of Lady Bracebridge. In 1929 Tresidder asked photographer Ansel Adams to take over as director of the Dinner, which Adams agreed to do. Stanford Tresidder later described himself on arrival at Stanford as an undergraduate: "a gangling youth from the Midwest, wearing a jacket with sleeves too short to cover his long arms, shambling nervously up Palm Drive carrying a battered suitcase. But each student he passed waved and spoke to him cheerfully. At last he encountered President (David Starr) Jordan. The president tipped his broadbrimmed hat, bowed and greeted the young man from Indiana. Tresidder never forgot that welcome." He earned his M.D. from Stanford Medical School in San Francisco; however, he never practiced medicine. While attending medical school he was a member of Phi Chi Medical Fraternity. While serving as president of the Yosemite concession, he was active as a Stanford supporter, raising funds and serving as co-chair of the 50th anniversary celebration. In 1942 he became president of the Stanford board of trustees. When Stanford president Ray Lyman Wilbur retired, he took over as president. He served as president of Stanford from 1943 until 1948 and brought the school through the difficult years of World War II. He often said that his main job at Stanford was fundraising for the school. Tresidder set up a professional fundraising organization and streamlined administrative and accounting practices. He established a scholarship program and upgraded the music program to a full department. Tresidder also abolished the sorority system on campus in 1944, after female students voted to support the move, saying there was "serious disunity" between women who pledged sororities and women who lived in dormitories. Tresidder also helped establish the Stanford Research Institute. The organization's first director, William F. Talbot, was initially instructed by Tresidder to avoid work that would conflict with the university's interests, particularly federal contracts that might attract political pressure. The drive to find work and the lack of support from Stanford University faculty caused the new research institute to violate this directive six months later through the pursuit of a contract with the Office of Naval Research. As a result, Talbot was fired and replaced by Jesse Hobson, who had previously led the Armour Research Foundation, but the pursuit of contract work remained. Tresidder died of a heart attack at The St. Regis Hotel in New York City on January 28, 1948, while on University business. Recognition Tresidder Peak in Yosemite National Park is named for him. The Tresidder Memorial Union at Stanford University, dedicated in 1962, is named for him. The Tresidder Bollards, also at Stanford University, are named for him. The Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite has a Mary Curry Tresidder suite and an Underwood/Tresidder suite which incorporates the Tresidder Library. References Further reading Edwin Kiester, Jr., Donald Tresidder: Stanford's Overlooked Treasure (Stanford Historical Society, 1992) Shirley Sargent, Yosemite’s Innkeepers (1975, 2000). 1894 births 1948 deaths Presidents of Stanford University Stanford University alumni People from Tipton, Indiana Stanford Medical School alumni American people of Cornish descent SRI International people Stanford University trustees

66959489

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Naval%20Artillery%20Volunteers

Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers

The Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers (RNAV, sometimes referred to as the Royal Naval Artillery Reserve) was a British military reserve force between 1873 and 1892. The force absorbed the men of the earlier Royal Naval Coast Volunteers and was intended to provide men to the Royal Navy in time of war. However, unlike the contemporary Royal Naval Reserve, the men of the RNAV did not necessarily have sea-going experience. It proved difficult to find a role for them (proposals that they man torpedo boats were rejected by the Royal Navy) and an 1891 report by Vice Admiral George Tryon recommended that the RNAV be disbanded. This came into effect in April 1892 with members of the RNAV being urged to join the army's Volunteer Force. The unit is considered a predecessor of the more successful Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, founded in 1903. Formation and service The Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers (RNAV) were authorised by a parliamentary act of 1873. It was, with the Royal Naval Reserve (RNR), one of two reserve corps that could be used to supplement the Royal Navy in time of war. The RNR was originally a reserve of trained seamen only, though by this time it had expanded to include reserve officers. The RNAV was "composed of men who had not, as a rule, practical acquaintance with the sea, but who had nautical sympathies and aspirations" and included officers and ratings. The RNAV absorbed the men of the Royal Naval Coast Volunteers (disbanded 1873) who had not been transferred to the RNR. The RNAV were organised into brigades of four or more batteries; the brigades were numbered and named after a locality. Each battery was commanded by a sub-lieutenant (chosen by the brigade commander) and consisted of a chief petty officer, 2 first class petty officers, 2 second class petty officers, 2 buglers and 51-71 leading gunners or gunners (the latter were the RNAV equivalent of the navy's leading seaman and able seaman ranks), all volunteers. As well as the volunteers the battery was provided with a full-time first class petty officer. Each brigade was commanded by a lieutenant and additionally had a full-time staff of a lieutenant-instructor, a surgeon, a bugle major and armourer. Each brigade could also appoint honorary commanders, staff-surgeons and chaplains, though such men were not liable for active service and their appointments would be automatically terminated if the RNAV were mobilised. The officers held Admiralty commissions and their rank was equivalent to that of the Royal Navy, but they came after naval and RNR officers in precedence. Members of the RNAV were required to salute officers of the Royal Navy, British Army and other auxiliary forces and to be saluted by the same. Admission was open to men aged 17 or over, though buglers could be as young as 14. Serving army or navy officers were not permitted to join. In times of need the unit would be mobilised by royal proclamation upon which each member would be liable to serve on any Royal Navy vessel or tender. The men of the RNAV were restricted to serving on or near the British coast and could not be employed aloft (in the masts, rigging or smoke stacks) or as stokers (tending the fires in the boiler rooms). Discipline was under the Naval Artillery Volunteers Act in peacetime but the Naval Discipline Act when assembled with the regular forces for training or in camp (in which circumstances the RNAV were placed under the command of a Royal Navy officer). The RNAV trained using the Royal Navy artillery, rifle, pistol and cutlass drills. All men were required to attend two drills each month until they were passed as "efficient". Men rated efficient wore a silver lace chevron on their right sleeve; those that rated efficient five times wore a star above the chevron and those rated ten times wore two stars. In addition, men who passed the Royal Navy's "trained man" standard wore two chevrons. In 1891 the unit numbered some 66 officers and 1,849 ratings. The previous year some 633 recruits were admitted, showing the unit had a high turnover of members. Uniform RNAV ratings wore similar uniforms to those in the Royal Navy, except that some line detail, straight in the navy, was wavy in the RNAV uniform. For example the white version of the navy rig had three wavy white lines on the trim of the blue collar and sleeve cuffs. The officers also wore similar uniforms to Royal Navy officers, a double breasted pea coat with five rows of brass buttons. The cuff, unlike the Royal Navy uniform, had three buttons. Rank insignia was in wavy gold lace, rather than straight, and topped with a six-pointed star rather than the Royal Navy's curl. Uniform buttons, sword belts and cap badges were marked with the initials "RNAV" and on officers' epaulettes the lettering "R.N.A. Volunteers" replaced the Royal Navy anchor. Officers could wear a cocked hat, but with silver detail rather than the gold of the navy. Other ranks' cap tally bands were marked with a crown and anchor and the letters "RNAV", whereas the navy used ship names. Disbandment The RNAV struggled to find a role for its members in wartime. An 1889 meeting of its senior officers looked at ways of providing useful skills for its members but its proposals were rejected on difficulty and cost grounds. A suggestion that gunboats, partly manned by the navy, be provided to each brigade for use as training ships was rejected on cost grounds. A suggestion that RNAV officers be granted higher ranks was rejected by the Royal Navy due to possible difficulties if the unit were mobilised; the navy considered that executive ranks should only be granted to officers qualified to perform wartime duties. A proposal that the RNAV be used to man torpedo boats in wartime was rejected as the navy considered such vessels were involved in some of the most strenuous work of the fleet. Lilley, writing in 2012, considers that the unit was "not really wanted by the Navy". A committee on the future of the RNAV, chaired by Vice Admiral George Tryon, sat in 1891. The committee found that an efficient means of mobilising the RNAV had not been developed, despite numerous attempts, and that no war time role for its members had been found, due to their lack of experience at sea. It stated that if a Royal Marine Artillery reserve were to be formed then the former members of the RNAV might join that. In the absence of a Royal Marine reserve the committee suggested that former RNAV members might joint the submarine mining units of the Volunteer Force, but doubted that many would do so. The committee found that the RNAV failed to justify its government funding and also noted that all other attempts to form a naval reserve had failed, apart from the RNR which was composed entirely of trained seamen. The committee's report of 7 April 1891 recommended that the RNAV be disbanded and this was put into effect in April 1892. Despite its short period of service and lack of a role the unit is considered a predecessor of the more successful Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, an officer-only reserve unit founded in 1903. The RNVR became known as the "Wavy Navy" for its rank insignia which was similar to that of the RNAV. Notes References Further reading Military units and formations established in 1873 Military units and formations disestablished in the 1890s Reserve forces of the United Kingdom Royal Navy

50938754

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica%20Cruz

Jessica Cruz

Jessica Cruz is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Geoff Johns, Doug Mahnke, Ivan Reis and Ethan Van Sciver, she is a member of the Green Lantern Corps and the Justice League. Her first full appearance takes place in Justice League (vol. 2) #31 (August 2014), which is also her first cover appearance. Cruz is of Mexican and Honduran descent, and currently resides in Portland, Oregon. Publication history Jessica Cruz's name is mentioned and her right hand appears briefly in a single panel of the 2013 issue Green Lantern #20. Her next appearance comes in Justice League (vol. 2) #30, when the Ring of Volthoom locates her, and she then gains her powers in the following issue. She was dubbed "Power Ring" while she was host to the Ring of Volthoom but is not a member of Crime Syndicate of America. Jessica becomes an official member of the Green Lantern Corps, in the Prime Earth reality, at the end of The Darkseid War storyline. Fictional character biography The New 52 Jessica Cruz and her friends are on a hunting trip when they accidentally stumble across two men burying a body. The men brutally murder her friends. Jessica manages to escape but is left traumatized. The Ring of Volthoom, which feeds off fear and had abandoned Power Ring after his death during the Crime Syndicate's incursion to Prime Earth, is able to locate her due to her trauma. Unlike the previous ring bearers, she does not willingly accept the ring, but is forced to accept it. The Ring tortures Jessica with physical and psychological pain. The Ring explains that it is using Jessica to attract the being that destroyed Earth-Three to Prime Earth because he is now dying (for reasons not explained) and wants to take the planet with him. Batman is able to de-power the ring after convincing Jessica to face her fears. During the AMAZO Virus arc, Jessica succumbs to the effects of the virus, but is cured once a antidote is synthesized from Superman. Hal Jordan returns to Earth following these events in order to teach Jessica how to control her ring. When Darkseid's daughter Grail arrives on Prime Earth, she attacks Jessica and uses her ring to open a portal to Earth-Three, allowing the Anti-Monitor to cross over to the Prime Earth. Jessica and the rest of the Justice League are then transported away by Metron. After this the Justice League decides to free the Crime Syndicate to help in the fight against the Anti-Monitor and Grail. Jessica, Cyborg and Mister Miracle head to the prison and the close proximity to the Syndicate allows the Ring to possess Jessica's mind and body. During the Justice League's confrontation against Grail and Darkseid, Grail manages to separate the Flash from the Black Racer, which immediately begins to pursue the Flash. Realizing the Racer will not leave the physical plane of existence until it reaps a soul, Jessica convinces Cyborg to tap into the ring's technology and override Volthoom's control over Jessica's body for a few seconds. This allows Jessica to jump between Flash and the Black Racer, allowing the incarnation of death to apparently kill her. Jessica survives, and it is revealed that the Black Racer killed Volthoom instead, causing the ring to crumble into dust. Immediately afterwards, a Green Lantern ring descends at the battlefield and transforms Jessica into a new Green Lantern. DC Rebirth/DC Universe In Green Lanterns: Rebirth #1, she meets Simon Baz when he is investigating an alien intrusion, which turns out to be a Manhunter who battles the two of them. It is then revealed to be a training exercise run by Hal Jordan to test the two as team. He proceeds to combine Jessica and Simon's power batteries in order to make them work together as partners and puts them in charge of protecting Earth, also giving them membership to the Justice League. When confronting the threat of the Phantom Ring, a prototype power ring that can channel the entirety of the emotional spectrum at the cost of rapidly shifting depending on the emotional state of the user, Jessica confesses to her own doubts about whether she deserves her ring given the unconventional circumstances of her recruitment. However, her fears are assuaged when she temporarily dons the Phantom Ring and it automatically transforms her into a Green Lantern, allowing Jessica to recognize her success at overcoming her old fears rather than believing that she was defined by that experience. She is later sent to space to train with the Green Lantern Corps and is under the orders of Guy Gardner who just pushes her around and berates her until she has had enough and attacks him; Guy later strikes a deal with her that if she successfully defeats him in combat he will not talk about the encounter, which she is able to do. Later, Jessica is assigned to monitor the newly-released Ghost Sector of space (a region consisting entirely of planets stolen by Coluans that was freed by the Justice League); while there, she encounters Cyborg, Starfire and Azrael piloting a skullship commandeered from Brainiac in an attempt to enter the sector. Attempting to stop them, she finds herself trapped in the Ghost Sector alongside the others, and they band together to investigate the mysterious region of space as the Justice League Odyssey. She is later killed by Darkseid and her ring smashes and absorbs omega radiation and merges with her arm. The ring fragments resurrect her and grant her more powers. She later teams with Orion, Dexstarr and Blackfire to find her fellow Odyssey members, when they are taken by Darkseid. Powers and abilities As a Green Lantern, Jessica is capable of projecting energy-based constructions, flight, and utilizing various other abilities through her power ring which are only limited by her imagination and willpower. Jessica's signature constructs are massive, intricate structures with an organic appearance similar to a giant alien flower. She initially experienced some trouble in creating constructs with the ring, requiring a period of intense concentration to generate larger constructs, but overcame this limitation while training with Simon Baz. While Jessica was briefly a Power Ring she initially had no control over the ring. Under the tutelage of Hal Jordan, she learns to overcome the evil powers within the Ring and use it effectively until Volthoom possesses her body. Her feelings of courage help Cyborg decipher the alien language of the ring, and he is able to let her overcome Volthoom's influence for a moment and jump between Black Racer and the Flash which ends up destroying Volthoom and the Ring, freeing Jessica. Jessica is also an adept survivalist and was able to live by herself for three years. She was seen wielding a shotgun with proficiency when she was able to hit the Ring of Volthoom and keep it at bay for a few moments before it made her its host. It has recently been revealed that Jessica's ring is partly fused with Volthoom's Travel Lantern, due to it being one of the first seven power rings created by the rogue Guardian Rami during Volthoom's first attack on Oa, ten billion years ago. It was the Travel Lantern that allowed Volthoom to make his initial journey to the past, and Jessica's ring connection to it also resulted in Jessica accidentally using the ring to send herself and Simon over into the past to escape Volthoom, only to find themselves at the time of Volthoom's assault on Oa. In other media Television Jessica Cruz is a lead character in the TV series, DC Super Hero Girls, voiced by Myrna Velasco. Unlike in the comics, she does not appear to suffer from past trauma. She is a pacifist, along with a vegan, animal rights activist and environmentalist, resulting in her becoming friends with Pam Isley. Jessica has two moms, unlike the comics where she has parents of opposite genders. Jessica Cruz will make her live-action debut as one of the main characters on the web television series Green Lantern premiering on the HBO Max streaming service. Film Jessica Cruz appeared in Lego DC Super Hero Girls: Super-Villain High, voiced by Cristina Milizia. Jessica Cruz appears as a member of the Justice League in Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: Aquaman: Rage of Atlantis, once again voiced by Cristina Milizia. Jessica Cruz appears in the DC Universe Original Movie Justice League vs. the Fatal Five, voiced by Diane Guerrero. She suffers from agoraphobia as result of survivor's guilt after narrowly escaping being murdered alongside her friends, after stumbling across a murderer burying a body. To her annoyance, a Green Lantern ring chose her, but she refuses to use it or join the Justice League despite Wonder Woman's attempts to persuade her. As a result of her timidness, the Fatal Five targeted her, so they could force her to help them free Emerald Empress and Validus from the Sciencells on Oa. Meeting Star Boy, who also suffered from a mental illness, Jessica was able to rise above her fears and become a better Green Lantern. Jessica Cruz appears in Lego DC: Shazam!: Magic and Monsters, with Cristina Milizia reprising her role. Jessica Cruz will appear in DC League of Super-Pets, marking her theatrical film debut. Web series Jessica Cruz appears in the web series DC Super Hero Girls as Earth's new Green Lantern, voiced by Cristina Milizia. She makes her animated debut in this series. In this show, she appears as Lois Lane's shy camera-woman, filming an interview with Hal Jordan during his going-away party at the Capes and Cowls Café, who explains that a new Green Lantern ring will appear to replace him. Video games Jessica Cruz is a playable character in the mobile app version of Injustice: Gods Among Us. She was a part of an update that included adding elements from DC's Rebirth to the game. Jessica Cruz is a playable character in the DC Legends mobile app game. She is one of several Green Lanterns included in the game and is classified as a hero with an energy affinity. Her bio in the game says: As the first Earth woman to earn a Green Power Ring Jessica Cruz fights to prove herself a worthy Lantern. After barely escaping a criminal gang that murdered her friends Jessica Cruz struggled with crippling fear and guilt. This made her the target of a power ring from the Anti-matter universe that fed on her fears and controlled her actions. But Jessica fought back breaking free and earning a place in the Green Lantern Corps. Now as a rookie recruit she fights her self-doubt while defending the Earth from cosmic threats. Jessica Cruz appears as a playable character in Lego DC Super-Villains. She is one of many characters that can be unlocked via using a cheat code at the Amusement Mile in Gotham City. Jessica Cruz appears in the 2018 rerelease of Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure. References Comics characters introduced in 2013 DC Comics female superheroes Characters created by Geoff Johns Characters created by Ethan Van Sciver Fictional characters from Oregon Fictional characters with post-traumatic stress disorder Fictional pacifists Fictional conservationists and environmentalists Fictional vegan and vegetarian characters Fictional Mexican-American people Fictional Honduran-American people Mexican superheroes Green Lantern Corps officers

37999924

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen%20Hope%20Covered%20Bridge

Glen Hope Covered Bridge

Glen Hope Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge located in Elk Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. It is a Burr truss bridge, constructed in 1889. It has vertical planking and eave-level window openings. It crosses Little Elk Creek. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. References Covered bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania Covered bridges in Pennsylvania Covered bridges in Chester County, Pennsylvania Bridges completed in 1889 Wooden bridges in Pennsylvania Bridges in Chester County, Pennsylvania Road bridges in Pennsylvania National Register of Historic Places in Chester County, Pennsylvania Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania Burr Truss bridges in the United States 1889 establishments in Pennsylvania

50428653

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Whole%20Lot%20More%20to%20Me

A Whole Lot More to Me

A Whole Lot More to Me is the seventh studio album by American country music artist Craig Morgan. It was released on June 3, 2016 via Black River Entertainment. It includes the singles "When I'm Gone" and "I'll Be Home Soon". Reception The album debuted at No. 16 on the Top Country Albums chart, with 3,500 copies sold in the first week. The album has sold 7,100 copies in the United States as of July 2016. Track listing Personnel Greg Barnhill – background vocals Shannon Forrest – drums, percussion Larry Franklin – fiddle, mandolin Paul Franklin – steel guitar Byron Gallimore – electric guitar, keyboards, synthesizer strings Tania Hancheroff – background vocals Wes Hightower – background vocals David LaBruyere – bass guitar Troy Lancaster – electric guitar Will Hoge - harmonica Tony Lucido – bass guitar Craig Morgan – lead vocals Steve Nathan – keyboards Mac Powell – duet vocals on "Hearts I Leave Behind" Angela Primm – background vocals Danny Rader – banjo, bouzouki, acoustic guitar Ilya Toshinsky – acoustic guitar Chart performance Albums Singles References 2016 albums Craig Morgan albums Black River Entertainment albums Albums produced by Byron Gallimore

4792044

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab%2060

Saab 60

The Saab 60 was a 'special'. It was a limited edition modification of the 1962 Saab 96, peculiar to the UK. Modifications were carried out at Saab (GB) Ltd, in Slough. In the early 1960s, Erik Carlsson and his little Saab 96 two-stroke achieved a legendary series of victories in the RAC Rally and Monte Carlo Rally (among others). In honour of these successes "against the odds" and in view of the high demand in the UK for a 'sport' model (the Saab Sport), which was not yet available in right-hand drive form, the UK importers of Saab cars in Slough, England created a special series of approximately 56 modified Saab 96 cars, between June 1962 and April 1963. Thus was the Saab 60 born. The standard was increased to by engine modification. The crankshaft was changed, the inlet ports were lowered and the exhaust ports raised. The carburettor and ignition settings were modified. A Saab Sport exhaust system was fitted. The suspension was lowered, by removing one 'turn' from each coil spring and Koni shock absorbers and Pirelli Cinturato radial-ply tyres were fitted. The three-speed gearbox was swapped for a four-speed box (but the original speedometer was left in situ, with its three-speed markings). A Smith's tachometer was also fitted. The engine modifications were executed by Mike Langton and the blocks were initialled and numbered by him. A Porsche "60" badge was requisitioned for the boot lid motif, in order to denote the car's special status and upgraded power output. An Oleopress fire extinguisher was fitted. The only known survivor of this series is number 49; the engine being stamped 'ML49'. The registration plate, with which this car was purchased by the present owner, may or may not be the original registration but it is very apt. The basic specification, apart from the above-listed items, was of a standard Saab 96. References 60 Cars introduced in 1962

1752752

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist%20Party%20of%20Extremadura

Communist Party of Extremadura

Communist Party of Extremadura (in Spanish: Partido Comunista de Extremadura), is the federation of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in Extremadura. Extremadura Political parties in Extremadura Political parties with year of establishment missing

42031516

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormetica%20melea

Ormetica melea

Ormetica melea is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1900. It is found in Venezuela. References Ormetica Moths described in 1900 Arctiinae of South America

40917712

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zita%20Kola

Zita Kola

Zita Kola (, also Romanized as Zītā Kolā) is a village in Gatab-e Shomali Rural District, Gatab District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 452, in 114 families. References Populated places in Babol County

5956455

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landshut%20%28disambiguation%29

Landshut (disambiguation)

Landshut is a city in Bavaria, Germany. Landshut may also refer to: Battle of Landshut (1809), during the Napoleonic Wars Landshut (district), a district neighboring the aforementioned city Landshut (Lufthansa Flight 181), a plane hijacked by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine in 1977 Landshuter Hochzeit (Wedding of Landshut), a medieval pageant Landshut, Switzerland, a former municipality and district in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. Now part of Utzenstorf Landshut Castle, Switzerland, a castle in Utzenstorf, Switzerland Landshut Castle, Germany, a ruin above the town of Bernkastel-Kues Lanžhot, a town in South Moravia, Czech Republic See also Landshuth (old spelling)

44607250

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailokyavijaya

Trailokyavijaya

Trailokyavijaya (Vajrayana, , Japanese: Gōzanze Myō-ō;) is the King of knowledge having conquered the three worlds, one of the five kings of knowledge of Buddhism. His mission is to protect the eastern part of the world. In general, the three worlds represent the world of desire, the world of form and the formless world; some interpret this king of knowledge is called so because he wants to defeat the supreme leader of the three worlds, Maheśvara; The most logical explanation reveals that the three worlds denote the three poisons: greed, hatred and ignorance, three trends that humans can not conquer during the past, present and future that the king hoped to help people eliminate. Iconographic representation The Lord Trailokyavijaya was born from the blue syllable, Hûm. He is blue, with four faces, and eight arms. His primary face expresses a love fury, the right, anger, disgust in the left, and behind, that of heroism. His main hands bear the bell and lightning, his chest says Vajra-hum-Kara; his three right hands hold (in descending order) a sword, the elephant hook, and an arrow; the three left hands hold a bow, lace, and a discus. He carries, among other adornments, a garland made of a cord of Buddhas, is being developed as identical to him, that has (according fingers) magic gesture after touching fists back to back, attach two small chain-like fingers. The formula is "Om", etc. Mantra The magic mantra of the King of knowledge having conquered the three worlds is: See also Chinese Esoteric Buddhism Shingon Vidyaraja References External links Buddhist mythology Wisdom Kings Wrathful deities

6958358

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beidweiler%20Longwave%20Transmitter

Beidweiler Longwave Transmitter

The Beidweiler Longwave Transmitter is a high-power broadcasting transmitter for the French-speaking programme of RTL radio on the longwave frequency 234 kHz. The Beidweiler longwave transmitter, situated at 49°43'58" N and 6°19'08" E, at Beidweiler in Luxembourg, went in service in 1972 as replacement of the old Junglinster Longwave Transmitter. The Beidweiler longwave transmitter uses a directional antenna consisting of three 951 foot/290 meter tall guyed masts, each equipped with a cage antenna. The output of this antenna is mostly directed toward Paris. The transmitter, which had at time of inauguration in 1972 a transmission power of 1400 kW, which was pushed up to 2000 kilowatts in 1974 belongs to the most powerful broadcasting stations in the world. In 1994 the transmitters of the facility were replaced by new devices of the type Thomson-Csf TRE 2175. A new Transradio TRAM/P 1500LS transmitter came into service in 2011. Its maximum power is 1500 kW (reduced to 1000 kW at night, on weekends or in case of a possible future DRM operation); since 2020 the output power is set to 750 or 375 kW. References External links http://www.skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b7751 https://theantennasite.com/countries/luxembourg/beidweiler-ruedelastation.html Towers in Luxembourg Radio masts and towers in Europe Junglinster Transmitter sites in Luxembourg Towers completed in 1972 1972 establishments in Luxembourg

8798063

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder%20Wheel

Wonder Wheel

The Wonder Wheel is a eccentric Ferris wheel at Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park at Coney Island in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The wheel is located on a plot bounded by West 12th Street to the west, Bowery Street to the north, Luna Park to the east, and the Riegelmann Boardwalk to the south. As with other eccentric Ferris wheels, some of the Wonder Wheel's passenger cabins are not fixed directly to the rim of the wheel, but instead slide along winding sets of rails between the hub and the rim. Built in 1920 as one of several Ferris wheels on Coney Island, the Wonder Wheel was designed by Charles Hermann and operated by Herman J. Garms Sr. for six decades. Despite the subsequent economic decline of Coney Island, the Wonder Wheel continued to operate each summer through the 20th century. In 1983, Herman Garms's son Fred sold the ride to the Vourderis family, who restored the attraction and continue to run the wheel . The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the Wonder Wheel as an official New York City landmark in 1989, and minor modifications were subsequently made to the attraction. History At the time of the Wonder Wheel's construction, Coney Island was one of the largest amusement areas in the United States. The first Ferris wheel in Coney Island was built for nearby Steeplechase Park in 1894 and was erroneously billed as "the world's largest". Several variations of the Ferris wheel were erected in the neighborhood in the 1900s and 1910s. The Wonder Wheel was unusual in that only one-third of its 24 cars were stationary, while the other two-thirds rolled on tracks within the wheel itself. Garms ownership The Wonder Wheel was designed by Charles Hermann as an improvement on G.W.G. Ferris's giant wheel, and it was built for Herman J. Garms Sr. between 1918 and 1920 by the Eccentric Ferris Wheel Company. Coney Island landowner William J. Ward provided the land for the Wonder Wheel's construction. Garms, who had no formal financial experience, sold stock to family, other Coney Island business holders, and steelworkers. Meanwhile, Hermann sold all his shares in the wheel to raise money for construction and operation. The wheel was opened on Memorial Day in 1920. Hermann originally called it the "Dip-the-Dip", promising to combine in his new invention "the thrill of a scenic railway, the fun of a Ferris wheel, and the excitement of the Chute-the-Chutes". According to a Science and Invention article, the Wonder Wheel provided a "real thrill like you have probably never had before—at least not at this great height." The wheel was later known as the "Eccentric Ferris Wheel" before being renamed the Wonder Wheel by 1940. To help with the Wonder Wheel's upkeep, the Garms family lived under the Wonder Wheel during the summers. By the 1960s, Herman Garms's son Alfred "Fred" Garms took over operation of the Wonder Wheel. Coney Island started to decline during the mid-20th century, and by 1964, it had seen its lowest number of visitors in 25 years. Despite subsequent failed attempts to redevelop the area as a casino area or theme park, the Wonder Wheel continued to operate. Furthermore, it had not had any significant incidents in its history, making it a relatively well-off ride when other Coney Island attractions were closing. To prevent against crime, the wheel and surrounding attractions were protected by two German Shepherds at night: one at the wheel's base and the other on an adjacent roof; during the day, the dogs rode around in one of the Wonder Wheel's cars, where the operator provided food and water for them. Off-duty security officers were also hired to avoid conflicts with the mafia. Vourderis ownership Fred Garms was looking to sell the wheel by 1983, as he was getting older and unable to manage the wheel. At the time, Deno D. Vourderis had been interested in buying the wheel whenever Garms was willing to sell. At the time, Vourderis was in a hospital recovering from a stabbing attack, but Garms approached Deno's son Dennis on the possibility of purchasing the ride. On June 7, 1983, Vourderis bought the Wonder Wheel from Garms and his cousin Walter Kerner Sr., and it became "Deno's Wonder Wheel". According to The New York Times, the only maintenance instructions given to the Vourderis family were the words "Good Luck" scribbled on a cardboard cigarette box. The Vourderis family restored the Wonder Wheel and made it the central attraction of Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park. They spent $250,000 to restore the wheel, in addition to the $250,000 cost of buying it. Vourderis stated that part of the wheel's allure had come from when he had proposed to his future wife Lula atop the wheel 36 years prior to the purchase: he had promised to give the wheel to his wife as a future gift. In 1989, the Wonder Wheel was made a New York City designated landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. By the early 1990s, the Wonder Wheel had offered free advertising space to the McDonald's fast-food chain, which had two franchises near the wheel. Fearing that the distinctive McDonald's logo would overshadow the Wonder Wheel itself, the Landmarks Preservation Commission voted against allowing a McDonald's logo on the wheel, despite allowing Vourderis to put "Deno's" above the "Wonder Wheel" sign on the wheel's hub. Upon Deno's death in the mid-1990s, control of the wheel and the amusement park passed to Dennis Vourderis. In the 2000s, Deno's grandchildren also became involved in the operation of the wheel. Despite the redevelopment of Coney Island and the erection of the nearby Luna Park in 2010, the wheel and associated amusement park continued to operate. The Wonder Wheel received a new solar-powered lighting system in 2012, replacing a lighting system that had been broken for three decades. Even during the aftermath of 2012's Hurricane Sandy, when Deno's Amusement Park was flooded, the Wonder Wheel was only slightly damaged and reopened the next year. , the Wonder Wheel is the oldest continuous operating ride at Coney Island, and Dennis Vourderis and his brother Steve continue to operate the Wonder Wheel and the amusement park. Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park is the last family-operated amusement park in Coney Island, and even though several developers have made offers for the amusement park and wheel, the Vourderis family has refused to sell. The Vourderis family had planned to celebrate the Wonder Wheel's centenary with a three-day celebration in May 2020, but this was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, which shuttered all businesses deemed non-essential. In April 2021, the Wonder Wheel opened for the season after having not operated for all of 2020. The centennial celebration was pushed back to sometime after the 2021 reopening. Description Design The Wonder Wheel is located at 3059 West 12th Street, just north of the Riegelmann Boardwalk. Its entrance plaza is composed of a steel structure with plywood-and-corrugated metal. The hub of the wheel, supported by two blue-painted legs shaped like the letter "A", contains an illuminated sign with orange letters spelling "" in all capital letters. There are sixteen spokes extending from the hub, each connected at their outer ends by a hexadecagonal frame and braced by green beams, each connected through rivets and gusset plates. The eight stationary cars on the hexadecagonal frame are painted white while the sixteen motion-capable cars are painted red-and-yellow or blue-and-yellow. At West 12th Street is a neon sign weighing , overhangs the sidewalk by , and is raised above the sidewalk; the sign contains letters spelling "" and arrows pointing to the actual wheel. Yet another Wonder Wheel sign with arrows is located on a southern approach to the wheel. The wheel itself is tall, weighs and is powered by a motor. It has 24 fully enclosed passenger cars, each able to carry six people, giving a total capacity of 144 passengers. Sixteen of the cars slide inward on snaking tracks, falling outward as the wheel rotates. The remaining eight cars are fixed to the rim, giving a traditional Ferris wheel experience to passengers. Originally, the Wonder Wheel was located on two large blocks of concrete above a pool of water. Rides There is no height restriction for the Wonder Wheel. In 2015, a Newsday article estimated that 200,000 people ride the Wonder Wheel every year. , over 35 million rides have been taken on the wheel since it first opened. There are separate queues for the stationary and moving cars. A ride on the Wonder Wheel costs 10 credits; the cost of each credit varies depending on how many are purchased, but generally cost $1 if purchased individually. Each ride consists of two rotations around the Wonder Wheel. Safety The Wonder Wheel has had a strong safety record. The former owner-operator of the ride, Fred Garms, told the New York Daily News in 1981 that "I put my money into maintenance. [...] My father used to say, 'The dollar you don't put in today will cost you $2 tomorrow.'" News outlets reported in 2000 that the Wonder Wheel had not experienced any significant incidents in its history, operating every summer season since its opening; this remained true even after Hurricane Sandy flooded the surrounding amusement park in 2012. The wheel was also designed with an emergency hand crank in case of power losses. The ride's first owner-operator, Herman Garms, overhauled and painted the ride each year, to protect it from the harsh weather associated with New York winters. The tradition of winter maintenance continued with the Wonder Wheel's subsequent owners. The only time the wheel stopped while not under the control of the operator was during the New York City blackout on July 13, 1977. However, since Wonder Wheel has its own electricity, the owners cranked the wheel around to evacuate the passengers. Critical reception A writer for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch stated in 2000 that when "the cars begin to swing like a pendulum [...] you swear the entire structure is collapsing." The same year, a writer for the Central New Jersey Home News praised the views from the Wonder Wheel, saying that "a trip would not be complete without a spin on the Cyclone, a trip to the top of Deno's Wonder Wheel or a corn dog at Nathan's." In 2015, a Newsday reporter contrasted the two experiences of the Wonder Wheel's stationary and moving cars: the stationary-car experience was described as being "so pleasant a baby can ride it without alarm", but the swinging-car experience was "more like a catch-your-breath thrill". Cultural influence The New York Times called the Wonder Wheel "the jewel of the showy, boomtown Coney Island that rose along the newly widened beach in the Roaring Twenties". The Wonder Wheel has inspired at least two replicas. Pixar Pal-A-Round, a eccentric Ferris wheel at Disney California Adventure, opened in 2001 and was initially known as Sun Wheel and Mickey's Fun Wheel. There was also a replica in Yokohama Dreamland, Japan. Due to its prominence on Coney Island, the Wonder Wheel has been depicted in numerous movies and TV shows, such as the film The Warriors and the TV series Mr. Robot. At least one film is named after the attraction: Wonder Wheel (2017), set on Coney Island in the 1950s. In addition, the Wonder Wheel has been the setting for many engagements and weddings throughout its history. In August 2020, historian Charles Denson published a book about the Wonder Wheel, titled Coney Island’s Wonder Wheel Park. See also List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Brooklyn References Notes Citations External links Ferris wheels in the United States New York City Designated Landmarks in Brooklyn Coney Island 1920 establishments in New York City

1835579

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radha%20Soami

Radha Soami

Radha Soami or Radhasoami Panth is a spiritual tradition founded by Seth Shiv Dayal Singh in 1861 on Basant Panchami Day in Agra, India. His parents were followers of Guru Nanak of Sikhism and a spiritual guru Tulsi Sahib from Hathras. After completing his education, Singh gained employment as a Persian language translator, left that role and spent increasing amount of his time to religious pursuits. He was influenced by the teachings of Tulsi Sahib of Hathras, who taught Surat Shabd Yoga (which is defined by Radhasoami teachers as “union of the soul with the divine, inner sound”); guru bhakti (“devotion to the master”); and high moral living, including a strict lacto-vegetarian diet. He accompanied Tulsi Saheb a lot. He didn't take initiation from him, however. The movement does not promote celibacy, and most of the masters in its various lineages have been married. The teachings seem to be related to forms of 18th- and 19th-century esoteric mysticism that were circulating at the time in northern India. The founding date of the movement is considered to be 1861 when Seth Shiv Dayal Singh began publicly to give discourses. As per some subtraditions, it derives its name from the word Radha Soami means Lord of the Soul. "Radha Soami" is used to indicate towards Seth Shiv Dayal Singh. The followers of Seth Shiv Dayal Ji used to consider him the Living Master and incarnation of God (Lord Vishnu/Krishna). After his death, Salig Ram and his other followers started the Radha Soami movement, which later got separated into different branches/denominations, including the Radhasoami Satsang Soami Bagh Agra, Radha Soami Satsang Beas, Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh, and Radha Swami Satsang Dinod. Nomenclature According to Mark Juergensmeyer, the term Radhasoami literally refers to Radha as the soul and Soami (swami, lord). According to Salig Ram, quotes Juergensmeyer, these terms are symbolic and mean "master of energy", derived from the Vaishnava understanding of "Radha as the power of energy of God" (Shakti). It is a referent to the consciousness in a person and the cosmic energy source, states Juergensmeyer. However, the founder Shri Shiv Dayal himself never used the term. According to some other scholars, the name is derived from Shiv Dayal's wife. His wife Narayani Devi was nicknamed Radha Ji by his followers. So, being the husband (Soami) of Radha Ji (Narayani Devi), Shri Shiv Dayal was named Radha Soami. The writings of Soami Shiv Dayal, Sar Bāchan, use the term Sat Nam, rather than Radhasoami. The gurus and the tradition that followed him used the term Radhasoami during the initiation rites, meditation practices and as mutual greeting. This has led to the fellowship being commonly called Radha Soami. In some subtraditions of Radhasoami, states Lucy DuPertuis, the guru's charisma is considered as the "formless absolute", being in his presence is equivalent to experiencing the incarnation of the Satguru, the guru is identified as the Radhasoami. Founder The Radhasoami tradition can be traced back to the spiritual master Seth Shiv Dayal Singh (honorifically titled Soamiji Maharaj) who was born on August 25, 1818, in the north Indian city of Agra. His parents were followers of Guru Nanak of Sikhism and a spiritual guru Tulsi Saheb from Hathras. After completing his education, Singh gained employment as a Persian language translator, left that role and spent increasing amount of his time to religious pursuits. He was influenced by the teachings of Tulsi Sahib of Hathras, who taught Surat Shabd Yoga (which is defined by Radhasoami teachers as “union of the soul with the divine, inner sound”); guru bhakti (“devotion to the master”); and high moral living, including a strict lacto-vegetarian diet. He accompanied Tulsi Saheb a lot. He didn't take initiation from him, however. The movement does not promote celibacy, and most of the masters in its various lineages have been married. The teachings seem to be related to forms of 18th- and 19th-century esoteric mysticism that were circulating at the time in northern India. The founding date of the movement is considered to be 1861 when Seth Shiv Dayal Singh began publicly to give discourses. Successors and branches After Seth Shiv Dayal Singh's death in 1878 he was succeeded by several disciples, including his wife Narayan Devi (“Radhaji”); his brother Partap Singh (“Chachaji”); Sanmukh Das (appointed head of the sadhus); the army havildar/sergeant Baba Jaimal Singh, Gharib Das of Delhi; and the postmaster general of the Northwest provinces, Salig Ram (alias Rai Salig Ram), each of whom started their own distinct centers. According to some scholars, Shiv Dayal Singh passed leadership to Salig Ram. After their deaths, multiple followers were claimed to be the rightful heirs, and this eventually led to a large proliferation of various masters and satsangs (“fellowships”) throughout India that were regarded by their followers to be the true manifestations of Seth Shiv Dayal Singh and his teachings, described as Sant Mat (“the path of the saints”). The masters gave birth to over 20 lineages (guru-shishya traditions), most of which already disappeared. The most famous living branches are Radhasoami Satsang Soami Bagh Agra, Radha Soami Satsang Beas, Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh, and Ruhani Satsang. The largest branch is the Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB) with the headquarters in Beas City, established by one of Seth Shiv Dayal Singh's disciples, Baba Jaimal Singh, in the North Indian state of Punjab in the 1891, who practised Surat Shabd Yoga on the bank of river Beas. The Beas has grown enormously over the decades under the guiding hands of each subsequent successor (from Baba Sawan Singh to Sardar Bahadur Maharaj Jagat Singh and Maharaj Charan Singh to the current master,Baba Gurinder Singh). There are estimated to be two million initiates of the Beas masters worldwide. The one of a split the Beas is Dera Sacha Sauda (1948) led by Mastana Baluchistani. In Agra, the birthplace of the movement, there are three main satsang centers of branches. The Radhasoami Satsang Soami Bagh Agra with center at Soami Bagh occupies the original site in Agra, where a large memorial tomb is being built to honor the movement founder, and administered by the Central Administrative Council which established by second successor Maharaj Saheb in 1902. The second center is Peepal Mandi, which was founded by Rai Salig Ram who was then succeeded by his son, grandson, and currently his great-grandson, Agam Prasad Mathur. And the largest of the Agra-based branches is Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh with center at Dayalbagh, which is located across the street from Soami Bagh. This branch was founded in 1907 at Ghazipur by Kamta Prasad Sinha and in 1913 the headquarters were moved to Agra, it has flourished under the following leadership of Anand Sarup, Gurcharandas Mehta, Dr. M.B. Lal Sahab, and most recently as of this date Prof. Prem Saran Satsangi. The Ruhani Satsang ( Kirpal Light Satsang) in Delhi, founded by Kirpal Singh, a disciple of the Beas master, Baba Sawan Singh, became popular in the United States under the leadership of Thakar Singh. The Ruhani Satsang followed by the Sawan Kirpal Ruhani Mission and its international organization Science of Spirituality (SOS), founded by Kipral Singh's son. Other Radha Soami subtraditions and groups that have garnered a significant following include Manavta Mandir, established by Baba Faqir Chand in 1962 at Hoshiarpur in the Punjab; the Tarn Taran satsang founded by Bagga Singh; Radha Swami Satsang Dinod, founded by Param Sant Tarachand Ji Maharaj (Bade Maharaj Ji), current master Param Sant Huzur Kanwar Saheb Ji Maharaj and several others scattered through North and South India. In addition, there are Radhasoami-influenced, derived from the Radhasoami often westernezed groups but denies their connection, namely the Eckankar led by Paul Twitchell (a former disciple of Kirpal Singh), the similar American syncretistic Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness of John-Roger Hinkins, the linked to the Beas Elan Vital (formerly Divine Light Mission), established by Hans Maharaj, and "Quan Yin method" of Ching Hai (a female student of Thakar Singh). List of notable gurus General founder Seth Shiv Dayal Singh Radha Soami subtraditions Radha Soami Satsang Beas lineage Baba Jaimal Singh Baba Sawan Singh Sardar Bahadur Maharaj Jagat Singh Maharaj Charan Singh Baba Gurinder Singh Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh lineage Salig Ram Anand Swarup Gurcharan Das Mehta Makund Behari Lal Prem Saran Satsangi Ruhani Satsang lineage Kirpal Singh Thakar Singh Manavta Mandir Baba Faqir Chand Bhagat Munshi Ram Manav Dayal I.C.Sharma Others Maharishi Shiv Brat Lal Radhasoami-related groups Dera Sacha Sauda Mastana Baluchistani Shah Satnam Singh Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh Eckankar Paul Twitchell Elan Vital Hans Maharaj Prem Rawat Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness John-Roger Hinkins Science of Spirituality Darshan Singh Rajinder Singh Others Ching Hai Beliefs and practices To the Radhsoamis, six elements form the framework of their faith: a living guru (someone as locus of trust and truth), bhajan (remembering Sat Nam, other practices believed to be transformative), satsang (fellowship, community), seva (serve others without expecting anything in return), kendra (community organization, shrine), and bhandara (large community gathering). The Radha Soami Satsang believes that living gurus are necessary for a guided spiritual life. They do not install the Guru Granth Sahib or any other scriptures in their sanctum, as they consider it ritualistic. Instead, the guru sits in the sanctum with the satsang (group of Sikh faithfuls) and they listen to preachings from the Adi Granth and sing hymns together. They believe in social equality, forbid caste distinctions and have also attracted Dalits to their tradition. They are active outside India too. The Radhasoami are strict vegetarians. They are active in charitable work such as providing free medical services and help to the needy. They do not believe in orthodox Sikh ritual practices such as covering one's head inside the temple or removing shoes, nor do they serve karah prasad (offering) at the end of prayers. Their basic practices include Surat Shabd Yoga (meditation on inner light and sound), initiation of disciple into the path by a living guru, obedience to the guru, a moral life that is defined by abstinence from meat, drugs, alcohol and sex outside marriage. They also believe that jivanmukti or inner liberation is possible during one's lifetime with guidance of the living guru. However, some of these practices vary depending on the branches of the Radhasoami faith (Beas, Dayalbagh, Dinod). See also Contemporary Sant Mat movements References Further reading Schomer, Karine; McLeod, William Hewat, eds (1987). The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1987. Academic papers from a 1978 Berkeley conference on the Sants organised by the Graduate Theological Union and the University of California Center for South Asia Studies. Primary sources External links Official websites Radha Soami subtraditions Radhasoami-related groups 1861 establishments in British India Contemporary Sant Mat New religious movements Sikh groups and sects Hindu new religious movements Surat Shabd Yoga Anti-caste movements Religions that require vegetarianism

32884045

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa%20Gertrudis%20Hore

María Gertrudis Hore

María Gertrudis Hore (1742–1801) was a Spanish poet. Life and career She began as a socialite of Irish immigrant parents. In 1762 she married and then sixteen years after that she became a nun. In the convent she wrote poetry and became known as the "Daughter of the Sun" for her renown. Friendship among women is a theme in some of her works. She has also been described as self-referential and, despite being a nun, occasionally erotic in poetry. Additionally she has been of interest as a woman who produced Spanish Enlightenment literature, although some of her work is more similar to Romanticism. Notable work A poet in search of freedom and Maria Gertrudis Hore Law (1742-1801) References 18th-century Spanish writers People from Cádiz 1742 births 1801 deaths Spanish women poets 18th-century Spanish women writers Spanish people of Irish descent Spanish Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns

63204418

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Maung%20Maung

San Maung Maung

San Maung Maung also San Mg Mg (, born 24 May 1958) is a Burmese politician who serves as an Amyotha Hluttaw MP for Bago Region No.1 Constituency. He is a member of the National League for Democracy. Early life and education San Maung Maung was born on 24 May 1978 in Nyaunglebin Township, Bago Region, Myanmar . He graduated M.B.B.S from University of Medicine 1, Yangon. He previously worked as a Medical Doctor. Political career He is a member of the National League for Democracy. In the 2015 Myanmar general election, he was elected as an Amyotha Hluttaw MP and elected representative from Bago Region No. 1 parliamentary constituency. He also serves as a Secretary of Amyotha Hluttaw Health, Sports and Culture Committee. References National League for Democracy politicians 1958 births Living people People from Bago Region

36081162

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwell%20Periotti

Marwell Periotti

Marwell Periotti (25 May 1939 – 27 October 2004) was an Argentine footballer who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics. References 1939 births 2004 deaths Association football goalkeepers Argentine footballers Olympic footballers of Argentina Footballers at the 1960 Summer Olympics San Lorenzo de Almagro footballers

55864039

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnenstad

Binnenstad

Binnenstad (Dutch, 'Inner city') may refer to the following places in the Netherlands: Binnenstad (Amsterdam) Binnenstad (Maastricht) Binnenstad (tram stop) in Utrecht See also Inner city City centre

10722905

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lum

Lum

Lum or LUM may refer to: People Lao Lum, an ethnic group of Laos Lum (surname), various surnames of English and Chinese origin (including a list of people with these surnames) Lum Croxton (1885–1916), American Negro League baseball pitcher Lum Davenport (1900–1961), American Major League baseball pitcher Lum Harris (1915–1996), American Major League baseball pitcher Lum Snyder (1930–1985), American football player Lum Rexhepi (born 1992), Albanian footballer Places Lum, Michigan, an unincorporated community in Lapeer County, Michigan, United States Lum, Albania, village in northeastern Albania Lum, Sikkim, India Other Lumican, a protein encoded by the LUM gene Alfa Lum cycling team IBM LUM (licence use management) WLUM-FM, a radio station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Transportation IATA code for Dehong Mangshi Airport, China MTR station code for Lung Mun stop, Hong Kong In popular culture Lum, short for hoodlum from the Rayman games Short for "Columbus" name of character in Lum and Abner, American radio comedy Lum Invader, a character from Urusei Yatsura Urusei Yatsura, sometimes referred to as Lum, after a major character Lum the Mad (Greyhawk) Lum the Mad, also known as Scott Jennings, MMORPG commentator See also LUMS (disambiguation)

14900496

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evermore%20discography

Evermore discography

The discography of New Zealand indie rock band Evermore, consists of four studio albums, two compilation albums, six extended plays, sixteen singles, one video album and twenty three music videos. Albums Studio albums Compilation albums Extended plays Singles Promotional singles Other appearances Videography Video albums Music videos References External links Discographies of New Zealand artists Discography Rock music group discographies

49901675

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Bravo

Jorge Bravo

Jorge Raúl Bravo Orona (born 28 November 1967 in Trinidad, Uruguay) is a Uruguayan cyclist. Major results 1995 1st Stage 1b (TTT) Vuelta del Uruguay 2002 2nd Overall Rutas de América 2003 6th Overall Vuelta del Uruguay 1st Stage 9 2004 7th Overall Vuelta del Uruguay 2005 8th Overall Vuelta del Uruguay 2007 1st Overall Vuelta del Uruguay 1st Stage 6b 2nd Overall Rutas de América 8th Overall Volta de Ciclismo Internacional do Estado de São Paulo 2008 6th Road race, Pan American Road Championships 2009 1st Stage 6 Rutas de América 2010 2nd Road race, National Road Championships 6th Overall Rutas de América 6th Overall Vuelta del Uruguay 2011 3rd Overall Rutas de América 2014 1st Stage 2b (TTT) Vuelta del Uruguay 2015 3rd Time trial, National Road Championships 2016 7th Overall Volta Ciclística Internacional do Rio Grande do Sul 9th Overall Vuelta del Uruguay 1st Stage 3a (TTT) References External links 1967 births Living people Uruguayan male cyclists

12423667

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carunculated%20caracara

Carunculated caracara

The carunculated caracara (Phalcoboenus carunculatus) is a species of bird of prey in the family Falconidae. It is found in páramo in the Andes of Ecuador and Colombia. It is generally uncommon to fairly common. Diet A highly opportunistic species often seen walking on the ground, it will feed on both carrion and virtually any small animal it can catch. Description It resembles the closely related mountain caracara, but unlike that species its chest and upper belly is black with dense white streaks. Juveniles are far less distinctive than the orange-faced pied adults, being overall brown with dull pinkish-grey facial skin. References carunculated caracara Birds of the Colombian Andes Birds of the Ecuadorian Andes Páramo fauna carunculated caracara Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

10710961

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia%20%28disambiguation%29

Colombia (disambiguation)

Colombia is a country in northwestern South America. Colombia may also refer to: Former nations Gran Colombia, a former nation, officially the Republic of Colombia, 1819–31 United States of Colombia, a former name for Colombia, 1863–86 Cities, towns, and communities Colômbia, a city in São Paulo, Brazil Colombia, Cuba, a municipality in Las Tunas, Cuba Colombia, Huila, a city and municipality in Colombia Colombia, Nuevo León, a planned community in Mexico Other uses Colombia (Madrid Metro), a station on Line 8 and 9 Miss Colombia (disambiguation), a beauty pageant title See also Columbia (disambiguation) Colombian (disambiguation) Colombiana (disambiguation) Colombo (disambiguation) Columbian (disambiguation) Columbiana (disambiguation) Columbus (disambiguation)

12801878

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s%20Fodor

Miklós Fodor

Miklós Fodor (3 September 1908 – 30 April 1997) was a Hungarian field handball player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Hungarian field handball team, which finished fourth in the Olympic tournament. He played four matches. References External links profile 1908 births 1997 deaths Field handball players at the 1936 Summer Olympics Hungarian male handball players Olympic handball players of Hungary

1401596

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24%20Hours%20of%20Le%20Mans

24 Hours of Le Mans

The 24 Hours of Le Mans () is an endurance-focused sports car race held annually near the town of Le Mans, France. It is the world's oldest active endurance racing event. Unlike fixed-distance races whose winner is determined by minimum time, the 24 Hours of Le Mans is won by the car that covers the greatest distance in 24 hours. Racing teams must balance the demands of speed with the cars' ability to run for 24 hours without mechanical failure. The race is organized by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). It is held on the Circuit de la Sarthe, composed of closed public roads and dedicated sections of a racing track. The event represents one leg of the Triple Crown of Motorsport, with the other events being the Indianapolis 500 and the Monaco Grand Prix. The 24 Hours of Le Mans was frequently part of the World Sportscar Championship from 1953 until that series' final season in 1992. In 2011, it was a part of the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup. Since 2012, the race has been a part of the FIA World Endurance Championship. In World Endurance Championship's super-season of May 2018 to June 2019, the 24 Hours of Le Mans was both the second and the last round of the season. Purpose Launched when Grand Prix motor racing was the dominant form of motorsport throughout Europe, Le Mans was designed to present a different test. Instead of focusing on the ability of a car company to build the fastest machines, the 24 Hours of Le Mans would concentrate on the ability of manufacturers to build sporty yet reliable cars. This encouraged innovation in producing reliable and fuel-efficient vehicles, because endurance racing requires cars that last and spend as little time in the pits as possible. At the same time, the layout of the track required cars with better aerodynamics and stability at high speeds. While this was shared with Grand Prix racing, few tracks in Europe had straights of a length comparable to the Mulsanne. Additionally, because the road is public and thus not as meticulously maintained as permanent racing circuits, racing puts more strain on the parts, increasing the importance of reliability. The oil crisis in the early 1970s led organizers to adopt a fuel economy formula known as Group C that limited the amount of fuel each car was allowed. Although it was later abandoned, fuel economy remains important as new fuel sources reduce the time spent during pit stops. Such technological innovations have had a trickle-down effect and can be incorporated into consumer cars. This has also led to faster and more exotic supercars as manufacturers seek to develop faster road cars in order to develop them into even faster GT cars. Additionally, hybrid systems (flywheel, super-capacitor, battery coupled with both petrol and diesel) have been championed in the LMP category as rules have been changed to their benefit and to further push efficiency. Race The race is held in June, leading to very hot conditions for drivers, particularly in closed vehicles with poor ventilation; rain is commonly seen. The race begins in mid-afternoon and finishes the following day at the same hour the race started the previous day. Modern competitors often cover well over 5,000 km. The record is 2010's , six times the length of the Indianapolis 500, or about 18 times longer than a Formula One Grand Prix. Drivers and racing teams strive for speed and avoiding mechanical damage, as well as managing the cars' consumables, primarily fuel, tires, and braking materials. It also tests endurance, with drivers frequently racing for over two hours before a relief driver can take over during a pit stop while eating and resting. Current regulations mandate that three drivers share each competing vehicle. Competing teams race in groups called "classes", or cars of similar specification, while competing simultaneously for outright placing amongst all classes. Originally, the race showcased cars as they were sold to the general public, then called "Sports Cars", in contrast with the specialised racing cars used in Grand Prix motor racing. Over time, the competing vehicles evolved away from their publicly available road car roots. Today, the race comprises two classes: prototypes and Grand Touring cars (similar to sports cars sold to the public). These are further broken down into two sub-classes: constructors' prototypes, privateer prototypes, and two subclasses of GT cars. Competing teams have had a wide variety of organizations, ranging from competition departments of road car manufacturers (eager to prove the supremacy of their products) to professional motor racing teams (representing their commercial backers, some of which are also car manufacturers who want to win without paying for their own teams) to amateur teams (racing as much to compete in the famous race as to claim victory for their commercial partners). The race was the part of the World Sportscar Championship in every season except the 1956, 1975-1979 and 1989-1990 seasons. However, Le Mans has always had a stronger reputation than the World Championship and is a round of the FIA World Endurance Championship. The race is also known as a leg of the informal Triple Crown of Motorsport which links Formula One, IndyCar, and sports car racing to represent a career achievement for drivers. Additionally, it is seen as a leg of the Triple Crown of endurance racing, which links the three largest sports car races together, with 12 Hours of Sebring and 24 Hours of Daytona forming the other legs. Since 1998, the American Le Mans Series (now the IMSA Weathertech Sports Car Championship) has held an endurance race, along with the 12 hours of Sebring, every year called "Petit Le Mans", as a 10-hour American version. In 2014, the Weathertech Sports Car Championship (a merger of the races at Sebring; Petit Le Mans in Braselton, Georgia; the 6 Hours of Watkins Glen in Watkins Glen, New York; and the Rolex Sports Car Series' 24 Hours of Daytona) held all four major American endurance classics in preparation for teams to race at Le Mans. Cars The race has approximately 60 competitors. Each car was required to have at least two seats. However, recently cars only need to accommodate a second seat in the cockpit rather than the seat itself. Two doors are allowed; open cockpit cars do not require doors. Since 2014, all cars in the premier LMP1 category must have a roof due to safety concerns, with open-cockpit cars only permitted in the slightly slower LMP2 category. Since 2017, all prototype cars, LMP1 or LMP2, must have closed cockpits. Although all cars compete at the same time, there are separate classes. A prize is awarded to the winner of each class and the overall winner. The number of classes has varied over the years, but there are now four. Custom-built Le Mans Prototypes (LMP) are the top two classes, LMP1 and LMP2, divided by speed, weight, and power output. For LMP2, teams are obliged to run one of four approved chassis – ORECA, Ligier, Dallara, or Multimatic/Riley – mated with a standard 4.2-litre Gibson V8 engine. LMP1 teams are subject to no such restrictions. Their extra power, lower weight, and more complex aerodynamics result in much quicker lap times; LMP1 cars also may use hybrid technology. From 2011, the next two classes are production-based grand tourer (GT) classes, GT Endurance Pro and GT Endurance AM. Both of these classes use the LM GTE, or "Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance" regulations. Although the top class is the most likely to be the overall winner, lower classes have won on occasion due to better reliability. Drivers Initially, there were no rules on the number of car drivers or how long they could drive. Although almost all teams used two drivers in the early decades, some Le Mans drivers such as Pierre Levegh and Eddie Hall attempted to run the race solo, hoping to save time by not having to change drivers. This practice was later banned. Until the 1980s, there were teams in which only two drivers competed, but by the end of the decade, the rules were changed to stipulate that at least three drivers must drive each car. By the 1990s, due to the speeds of the cars and the strain it puts on drivers, additional rules to reduce driver fatigue mandated that drivers could not drive for over 240 minutes over 6 hours and that no one driver could run for over 14 hours total. With careful management of driver stints, this makes it possible to complete the race with only two drivers (as Jeroen Bleekemolen and Cooper MacNeil did in 2014), although the vast majority of teams still continue to use three drivers. In 2017, the driving time rules were further changed. If necessary, officials may require a drive time limit of 80 minutes of consecutive time behind the wheel and a minimum 30-minute rest break. The rule applies only if the air temperature is at least 32 Celsius (89.6 F). Traditions and unique rules Although it has been a part of the World Sportscar Championship for most of its existence, the race has had different regulations for safety and competition reasons partly due to its length. For many decades, cars had to run at least an hour into the race before they could refill fluids for the car, such as oil or coolant, except for fuel. This was an attempt by the ACO to help increase efficiency and reliability. Those who could not last the first hour without replacing lost fluids risked disqualification. Another rule unique to Le Mans is that cars must be switched off while refueling in the pits. Not only is this safer and less of a fire hazard, but it is also another test of reliability, as cars with the guaranteed ability to restart many times under race conditions are harder to make. Another element of this rule is that mechanics are not allowed to work on the car while it is being refuelled (other than helping a driver in or out of the car), which has led teams to adapt innovative ways to decrease the time of these lengthy pit stops. Drivers can get out of the car and be replaced by another driver during refuelling. Those rules are also applied in the FIA World Endurance Championship. There are various long-standing traditions at Le Mans, including the waving of the French tricolor to start the race. This is usually followed by a fly-over featuring jets trailing blue, white, and red smoke. A similar flag tradition is track marshals waving safety flags during the race's final lap, congratulating the winners and other finishers. Le Mans was the venue for the first televised instance of a winning driver celebrating by spraying champagne instead of drinking it. When Dan Gurney won the race with co-driver A. J. Foyt, the two drivers mounted the victory podium, and Gurney was handed a magnum of champagne. Looking down, he saw Ford CEO Henry Ford II, team owner Carroll Shelby and their wives, as well as several journalists who had predicted disaster for the high-profile duo. Gurney shook the bottle and sprayed everyone nearby. Gurney autographed and gave the bottle of champagne to Life photographer Flip Schulke, who used it as a lamp for years before returning it to Gurney. Schedule The first race was held on 26–27 May 1923 and has since been run annually in June with exceptions in 1956, when the race was held in July; 1968, when it was held in September due to nationwide political turmoil in May; 2020, when it was moved to 19–20 September due to the COVID-19 outbreak & 2021, when it was moved to 21–22 August. The race has been cancelled ten times—in 1936 (a labour strike during the Great Depression) and between 1940 and 1948 (World War II). The race usually takes place on the second weekend of June, with qualifying and practice taking place on the Wednesday and Thursday before the race, following a car inspection on Monday and Tuesday. Currently, these sessions are held in the evening, with two separate two-hour sessions held each night. Friday serves as a day of rest, and a parade of all the drivers through Le Mans is held. Test days held at the end of April or beginning of May served as a pre-qualification weeding out the slowest cars. However, in 2005 the exorbitant cost of transporting cars to and from Le Mans led organizers to move the test day to the first weekend of June. Pre-qualification was eliminated in 2000, meaning that all competitors invited to the test would be allowed into the race. Since 2001 the Le Mans Legend races have also been part of the schedule, usually running exhibition races during qualifying days, a few hours prior to the sessions for the Le Mans entrants. Until 2008, the race started at 16:00 on Saturday (though in 1968, the race started at 14:00 due to the lateness of the race on the calendar). In 1984 and 2007, the start time was moved ahead to 15:00 due to the conflicting election). In 2006, the ACO scheduled a 17:00 start time on Saturday, 17 June, to maximise television coverage between the World Cup games. Fourteen years later, the race began at 14:30 because of the race being in September. The next year saw the race move to mid-August and began at 16:00. From 2009, when the race took place from 13 to 14 June, to 2019 & resuming in 2022, it starts at 15:00 local time (CEST, 13:00 UT). Classification Initially, the car that covered the greatest distance from its starting position was the winner. This is known to have caught out the Ford team in . With a dominant 1–2 lead, the two cars slowed to allow for a photo opportunity at the finish line, with Ken Miles slightly ahead of Bruce McLaren. However, since McLaren's car had started much farther back on the grid than Miles's, McLaren's car had covered the greatest distance over the 24 hours. With the margin of victory determined to be eight metres, McLaren and his co-driver, Chris Amon, were declared the winners. The decision cost Miles and Denny Hulme a victory. Miles had already won the other two endurance races at Sebring and Daytona. With a win at Le Mans, he would have become the first man to win all three and the first to win them all in the same year. The "greatest distance" rule was modified with the introduction of a rolling start in 1971. Now, the car that completes the greatest distance as of the final lap's completion – where "greatest distance" is measured by the start/finish line for all competitors – wins. When two cars finish the same number of laps, their finishing order is determined by the faster overall completion time. This rule was used in the 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans to determine the race winner. The top two finishers completed 355 laps, with only 13 seconds difference between them. Although "greatest distance run" determines the provisional order of finishers, additional requirements must be met for a car to be classified. A car must complete the last lap of the race and complete the entire circuit faster than a prescribed maximum lap time. Ambiguity in this classification requirement has led to dramatic scenes where damaged cars have waited in the pits or on the edge of the track close to the finish line, restarted their engines, and crawled across the line to be listed amongst classified finishers. The practice of intentionally "waiting for the final lap" in this manner has been prohibited by rule in recent years. Cars must complete 70 percent of the distance covered by the overall winner to be classified. Even if it finishes the last lap of the race, a car failing to complete this number of laps is not deemed worthy of classification because of poor reliability or speed. All classification requirements hold except in exceptional circumstances, as determined by the race stewards. Le Mans start The race traditionally began with what became known as the Le Mans start, in which cars were lined up along the length of the pits. Until 1962, cars lined up by engine capacity. Beginning in 1963, qualifying times determined the lineup. The starting drivers stood on the opposite side of the front stretch. When the French flag dropped to signify the start, the drivers ran across the track, entered and started their cars without assistance, and drove away. This became a safety issue in the late 1960s when some drivers ignored their safety harnesses, then a recent invention. This led to drivers running the first few laps either improperly harnessed due to attempting to do it while driving or sometimes not even harnessed at all, leading to several deaths when cars were involved in accidents due to the bunched field at the start. This starting method inspired Porsche to locate the ignition key switch to the left of the steering wheel. In a left-hand drive car, this allowed the driver to use his left hand to start the engine and his right hand to put the transmission into gear, which in turn shaves off a few tenths of a second. Stirling Moss developed another method for speeding up the start. His car was waiting with first gear already engaged. He switched the starter on when he jumped in without depressing the clutch. The starter motor immediately jerked the car forward, but the engine did not start due to low RPM. After a few seconds of motion, he pushed the clutch down, allowing the engine to speed up and start while the car was moving. Feeling this type of start was unsafe, in the race, Jacky Ickx opposed it by walking across the track while his competitors ran. Although he was nearly hit by a faster competitor's car while walking, Ickx took the time to fasten his safety belts before pulling away. Privateer John Woolfe died in an accident on the first lap of that race; Ickx won. The traditional Le Mans start was changed for . Cars were still lined up along the pit wall, but the drivers were already inside and strapped in. At the dropping of the French tricolor, the drivers started their engines and drove away. Since 1971, when that method was done away with, a rolling start (sometimes known as an Indianapolis start) begins the race. Cars do one formation lap behind the safety car; when that car returns to pits, the starter waves the French flag to start the race. Circuit The circuit on which the 24 Hours of Le Mans is run is named the Circuit de la Sarthe, after the department that Le Mans is within. It consists of both permanent track and public roads temporarily closed for the race. Since 1923, the track has been extensively modified, mostly for safety reasons, and now is in length. Although it initially entered the town of Le Mans, the track was cut short to better protect spectators. This led to the creation of the Dunlop Curve and Tertre Rouge corners before rejoining the old circuit on the Mulsanne. Another major change was on the Mulsanne itself in 1990 when the FIA decreed that it would no longer sanction any circuit that had a straight longer than . To comply with this, two chicanes were added to the straight. The addition of the chicanes was further influenced by the fact that the speed of WM P88-Peugeot French driver Roger Dorchy had been timed at during the 1988 race. Due to the shorter length of the straights, top speeds at Le Mans are now generally around . The public sections of the track differ from the permanent circuit, especially in comparison with the Bugatti Circuit which is inside the Circuit de la Sarthe. Due to heavy traffic, the public roads are not as smooth or well kept. They also offer less grip because of the lack of soft-tyre rubber laid down from racing cars, though this only affects the first few laps of the race. The roads are closed only within a few hours of the practice sessions and the race before being opened again almost as soon as the race is finished. Workers have to assemble and dismantle safety barriers every year for the public sections. History 1923–1939 The 24 Hours of Le Mans was first run on 26 and 27 May 1923, through public roads around Le Mans. Originally planned to be a three-year event awarded the Rudge-Whitworth Triennial Cup, with a winner being declared by the car which could go the farthest distance over three consecutive 24-hour races, this idea was abandoned in 1928. Overall winners were declared for every year depending on who covered the farthest distance by the time 24 hours were up. The early races were dominated by French, British, and Italian drivers, teams, and cars, with Bugatti, Bentley, and Alfa Romeo being the top brands. Innovations in car design began appearing at the track in the late 1930s, with Bugatti and Alfa Romeo running highly aerodynamic bodywork to run down the Mulsanne Straight at faster speeds. The race was cancelled in 1936 due to general strikes in France, and the outbreak of World War II in 1939 resulted in a ten-year hiatus. 1949–1969 Following the reconstruction of circuit facilities, the race was resumed in 1949 with renewed interest from major automobile manufacturers. 1949 was also Ferrari's first victory, the 166MM of Luigi Chinetti and Peter Mitchell-Thomson. After the formation of the World Sportscar Championship in 1953, of which Le Mans was a part, Ferrari, Aston Martin, Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar and many others began sending multiple cars backed by their respective factories to compete for overall wins against their competitors. This competitiveness sometimes resulted in tragedy, as in the 1955 Le Mans disaster during the race in which Pierre Levegh's car crashed into a crowd of spectators, killing more than 80 people. The incident led to the widespread introduction of safety measures, not only at the circuit but elsewhere in the motorsport world. The entire pit complex was razed and rebuilt further back following the accident, allowing the pit straight to be widened. However, there was still no barrier between the track and the pit lane. Safety standards improved, but the cars got faster. The move from open-cockpit roadsters to closed-cockpit coupés resulted in speeds of over on the Mulsanne. Ford entered the picture with the GT40, finally ending Ferrari's dominance with four straight wins (1966–1969) before the 1960s ended and the cars and the race changed substantially. 1970–1980 For the new decade, the race took a turn towards more extreme speeds and automotive designs. These extreme speeds led to the replacement of the typical standing Le Mans start with a rolling Indianapolis start. Although production-based cars still raced, they were now in the lower classes while purpose-built sportscars became the norm. The Porsche 917, 935, and 936 were dominant throughout the decade, but a resurgence by French manufacturers Matra-Simca and Renault saw the first victories for the nation since the 1950 race. This decade is also remembered for strong performances from many privateer constructors, with two scoring the only victories for a privateer in the decade. John Wyer's Mirage won in , while Jean Rondeau's self-titled chassis took . 1981–1993 The rest of the 1980s was known for the dominance by Porsche under the new Group C race car formula that encouraged fuel efficiency. Originally running the effective 956, it was later replaced by the 962. Both chassis were affordable enough for privateers to purchase them en masse, leading to the two model types winning six years in a row. Jaguar and Mercedes-Benz returned to sports car racing, with Jaguar being the first to break Porsche's dominance with victories in 1988 and 1990 (with the XJR-9 and Jaguar XJR-12 respectively). Mercedes-Benz won in 1989, with what was seen as the latest incarnation of the elegant "Silver Arrows", the Sauber C9, while an influx of Japanese manufacturer interest saw prototypes from Nissan and Toyota. In 1988 too, a WM Peugeot set up a new record speeding at in the Ligne Droite des Hunaudières, famous for its long straight. Mazda would be the first Japanese manufacturer to succeed, with their unique rotary-powered 787B winning in 1991. In 1992 and 1993, Peugeot dominated the race with its Peugeot 905 as the Group C formula and World Sportscar Championship were fading in participation. The circuit would also undergo one of its most notable changes in , when the 5 km long Mulsanne was modified to include two chicanes in order to stop speeds of more than from being reached. This began the ACO's trend to slow the cars on various portions of the track. However, speeds over are still regularly reached at various points on a lap. 1994–1999 Following the demise of the World Sportscar Championship, Le Mans saw a resurgence of production-based grand tourer cars. Thanks to a loophole in the rules, Porsche succeeded in convincing the ACO that a Dauer 962 Le Mans supercar was a production car, allowing Porsche to race their Porsche 962 for one final time, dominating the field. Although the ACO attempted to close the loophole for 1995, newcomer McLaren would win the race in their supercar's first appearance thanks to the reliability of the BMW V12 powered F1 GTR, beating faster yet more trouble-prone prototypes. The trend would continue through the 1990s as more exotic supercars were built in order to skirt the ACO's rules regarding production-based race cars, leading to Porsche, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Nissan, Panoz, and Lotus entering the GT categories. This culminated in the event, in which these GT cars were faced with the Le Mans Prototypes of BMW, Audi, Toyota and Ferrari. BMW would survive with the victory, their first and only overall Le Mans win to date. At the same time, Mercedes left sportscar racing indefinitely following three catastrophic though non-fatal crashes stemming from severe aerodynamic flaws with their CLR. This strong manufacturer influence led the ACO to lend the Le Mans name to a sports car series in the United States in 1999, known as the American Le Mans Series, which ran until the end of the 2013 season after which it merged with Grand-Am to form the United SportsCar Championship. 2000–2005 Many major automobile manufacturers withdrew from sports car racing after 1999 due to the high cost. Only Cadillac and Audi remained, and Audi easily dominated with the R8. Cadillac pulled out three years later, and attempts by Panoz, Chrysler, and MG to beat Audi all fell short. After three victories in a row, Audi provided engine, team staff, and drivers to Bentley, a corporate partner, which had returned in 2001. In 2003, the factory Bentley Speed 8s beat privateer Audis. The Chevrolet Corvette Racing Team and their C5-R won several times in the GTS class, finishing 1st and 2nd in 2001, 2002, and 2004. They finished 2nd and 3rd in 2003 behind Ferrari. 2006–2013 At the end of 2005, after five overall victories for the R8, and six to its V8 turbo engine, Audi took on a new challenge by introducing a diesel engined prototype known as the R10 TDI. Although not the first diesel to race, it was the first to win at Le Mans. This era saw other alternative fuel sources used, including bio-ethanol. At the same time, Peugeot decided to follow Audi's lead and pursue a diesel entry in 2007 with their 908 HDi FAP. In the 2008 race between the Audi R10 TDI and the Peugeot 908 HDi FAP, the Audi won by a margin of fewer than 10 minutes. For the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans, Peugeot introduced a new energy-recovery system similar to the KERS used in Formula One. Aston Martin entered the LMP1 category, but still raced in GT1 with private teams. Audi returned with the new R15 TDI, but Peugeot prevailed in its first overall win since 1993. The 2010 running reaffirmed the race as a test of endurance and reliability. Peugeot chose overall speed in adjusting their cars and engines to adhere to the 2010 regulations, while Audi chose reliability. All four Peugeots had retired at the end of the race, three due to engine failure, while Audi finished 1–2–3. The 2011 and 2012 races were marred by a series of accidents. In 2011, the Audi driven by Allan McNish crashed heavily in the first hour, barrel rolling into a tire wall shortly after the Dunlop Bridge. At night, the defending race-winning Audi driven by Mike Rockenfeller crashed similarly between the Mulsanne and Indianapolis corners. Neither driver was injured, nor were any spectators. The third Audi entry was driven by Marcel Fässler, André Lotterer, and Benoît Tréluyer won the race. The 2012 race saw two factory Toyotas replace Peugeot, which had withdrawn earlier, but one flipped at Mulsanne Corner. Driver Anthony Davidson suffered two broken vertebrae but could exit the car himself. Shortly after sunset, the other Toyota retired with mechanical difficulties, giving Audi another victory. In 2011, the race became the premier round of the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup, attempting to make a world championship for endurance racing again. In 2012, the race became the centerpiece of the FIA World Endurance Championship, the successor to the ILMC. The 2012 event was the first time the race was won by a hybrid electric vehicle, which was the Audi R18 e-tron quattro. 2014–2020 Regulations were changed for 2014, notably with a requirement that all LMP1 cars must be closed-cockpit, some changes to the hybrid system, and the introduction of the slow zone system. Porsche returned to Le Mans in 2014 with a new factory LMP1 program, and Nissan returned to run an LMP1 program in 2015. Audi withdrew from racing at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2016 and Nissan after only one attempt in 2015. Porsche won the race in 2015, 2016, and 2017 with its hybrid 919, and remains the most successful manufacturer at Le Mans, with 19 overall victories, including seven straight from 1981 to 1987. In 2017, changes were made to the LMP2 regulations on cockpit and chassis, meaning all prototype cars must be closed-cockpit. In 2018, Toyota won their first Le Mans with Fernando Alonso, Sébastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima driving. Toyota won the race again in 2019, 2020, and 2021. 2020 also saw the race held behind closed doors for the first time due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021 onwards 2021 saw the introduction of the brand new Hypercar class, replacing the old LMP1 machines. The 2021 race was also postponed for the 2nd year running and saw Toyota, Glickenhaus, and Alpine hypercar entries. 2022 will see Peugeot return to Le Mans after a 12-year hiatus. In 2023, the LMDh division from the IMSA SportsCar Championship will begin, with entries currently confirmed by Porsche, Audi, BMW, and Acura. In the lone prototype category, the current LMP2 rules have been extended to the end of 2023. Innovations Le Mans has seen many innovations in automotive design to counteract the circuit's difficulties. These have either been dictated by rules or have been attempts by manufacturers to outwit the competition. Some innovations were incorporated into the everyday automobile. Aerodynamics One of the keys to Le Mans is top speed due to the long straights that dominate the circuit. This has meant cars have attempted to achieve the maximum speeds possible instead of relying on downforce for the turns. While early competitors' cars were street cars with their bodywork removed to reduce weight, innovators like Bugatti developed cars that saw the beginnings of aerodynamics. Nicknamed tanks due to their similarity to military tanks in World War I, these cars used simple curves to cover all the car's mechanical elements and increase top speed. Once Le Mans returned after World War II, most manufacturers would adopt closed bodies streamlined for better aerodynamics. A notable example of the changes brought about by aerodynamics are the 1950 entries by Briggs Cunningham. Cunningham entered two 1950 Cadillac Coupe de Villes, one nearly stock and the other completely rebodied in a streamlined aluminum shape developed by Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation that looked so unusual that it was nicknamed "Le Monstre" by the French press. The smoothing of body shapes and fairing-in of various parts of the machine brought about by the continual search for reduction of aerodynamic drag led to a separation from Grand Prix cars, which rarely had large bodywork. As the years went on, bodywork became all-enveloping, while at the same time lighter. The larger bodywork with spoilers was able to provide more downforce for the turns without increasing the drag, allowing cars to maintain high speeds. Extended bodywork would usually concentrate on the car's rear, usually being termed long tail. The bodywork also began to cover the cockpit for less drag. However, open cockpits would come and go over the years as rules varied. Aerodynamics reached its peak in 1989 before the Mulsanne Straight was modified. During the race, the crew of a Peugeot powered WM prototype taped over the engine openings, allowing Roger Dorchy to set a recorded speed of down the Mulsanne in a publicity stunt. However, the car was almost undrivable elsewhere on the circuit. The engine was soon destroyed from a lack of cooling. However, for the event, the Mercedes-Benz C9 reached under qualifying conditions. Engines A wide variety of engines have competed at Le Mans in attempts to achieve greater speed and have better fuel economy and spend less time in the pits. Engine sizes have also varied greatly, with the smallest engines being a mere 569 cc (Simca Cinq) and the largest upwards of 8,000 cc (SRT Viper GTS-R). Supercharging was an early innovation for increasing output, first being raced in , while turbocharging would not appear until . The first car to enter without an engine run by pistons would be in , when Rover partnered with British Racing Motors to run a gas turbine with mixed success, repeating in . The American Howmet Corporation would attempt to rerun a turbine in with even less success. Although the engines offered great power, they were hot and not fuel-efficient. Another non-piston engine that would appear would be a Wankel engine, otherwise known as the rotary engine. Run entirely by Mazda since its introduction in 1970, the compact engine would also suffer from fuel economy problems like the turbine had, yet would see the success that the turbine lacked. After many years of development, Mazda finally succeeded in being the only winner of the race not to have a piston-powered engine, taking the event with the 787B. Rotary engines were banned by the ACO following Mazda's win. Alternative fuel sources would also play a part in more normal engine designs, with the first non-gasoline car appearing in . The Delettrez Special would be powered by a diesel engine. In contrast, a second diesel would appear in the form of the M.A.P. the following year. Although diesel would appear at other times over the race existence, it would not be until 2006 when a prominent manufacturer, Audi, would invest in diesel and finally succeed, with the R10 TDI. Ethanol fuel appeared in 1980 in a modified Porsche 911, leading to a class win. Alternative biological fuel sources returned again in with Team Nasamax's DM139-Judd. In 2008, biofuels (10% ethanol for petrol engines and biodiesel for diesel engines) were allowed. Audi was the first to use next-generation 10% BTL biodiesel developed by Shell and manufactured from biomass. Beginning in 2009, new regulations allowed hybrid vehicles with either KERS or TERS (Kinetic/Thermal Energy Recovery System) setups. However, only electrical (i.e., batteries) energy storage was allowed, ruling out flywheel-based energy recovery. Cars with KERS were allowed to race in 2009 under specific classification rules. Since 2010, they have competed for points and the championship. In 2012 the first KERS-equipped car won; the Audi R18 e-tron with a flywheel hybrid system by Williams Hybrid Power activated and drove the front wheels. This was only allowed in certain zones after the car had accelerated to at least 120 km/h to cancel out the acceleration advantage that four-wheelers could gain out of corners. In the same year, Toyota also started with a hybrid car, the TS030, which used KERS to power its rear wheels, meaning its usage was not restricted. Brakes With increased speeds around the track, brakes become a key issue for teams attempting to safely bring their cars down to a slow enough speed to make the Mulsanne Corner turn. Disc brakes were first seen in 1953 when the Jaguar C-Type raced at Le Mans. In 1955 the Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR introduced the air brake using a large opening hood on the rear of the car. Ford used a quick change brake rotor in 1966 to achieve their first victory at Le Mans. In the 1980s, anti-lock braking systems became standard on most Group C cars as a safety measure, making it less likely that cars lose control at high speeds. By the late 1990s, reinforced carbon-carbon brakes were adopted for better stopping power. Successful marques and drivers Over the years, many manufacturers have managed to take the overall win, while even more have taken class wins. The most successful marque in the history of the race is Porsche, which has taken nineteen overall victories, including seven in a row from 1981 to 1987 and 107 class victories. Audi is next with thirteen wins, and Ferrari follows with nine, also including six in a row from 1960 to 1965. Since 2000 Audi has dominated the event, winning 13 times in 15 years of participation. Audi and Team Joest have had two hat-tricks, the first being in 2000, 2001, and 2002. Jaguar has seven wins. In contrast, Bentley, Alfa Romeo, and Ford all won four races in a row, with Bentley recording two additional victories in other years. In 2018, Toyota became only the second Japanese marque to win, following Mazda in 1991. Mazda is also the only company to win with a rotary engine. After Porsche's total of 107 class victories, Ferrari has 37, and Aston Martin, Audi, and Chevrolet each have 14. Three drivers stand apart for their number of victories. Initially, Jacky Ickx held the record at six, scoring victories between 1969 and , earning him honorary citizenship to the town of Le Mans. His frequent racing partner, Derek Bell, trailing by a single win, with five. However, Dane Tom Kristensen has beaten this record with nine wins between and 2013, including six in a row. Three-time winner Woolf Barnato ( to ), American racing legend A. J. Foyt (1967), Nico Hülkenberg (2015), and Fernando Alonso (2018-2019) are the only drivers to have won every Le Mans in which they participated. Henri Pescarolo won the race four times, and holds the record for the most Le Mans appearances at 33. Japan's Yojiro Terada was active as a driver until 2008, and holds the record for the most Le Mans starts without an overall win. Claude Ballot-Léna holds the most class victories other than Kristensen with seven wins in GT class cars between 1970 and 1986. Graham Hill is the only driver to win the so-called Triple Crown of Motorsport, winning the Indianapolis 500 (1966), Monaco Grand Prix (1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969), and the 24 Hours of Le Mans (1972). Accidents Le Mans has seen many fatal accidents due partly to the very high-speed nature of all variants of the track throughout history. The largest one was in 1955 when 83 spectators and driver Pierre Levegh were killed. In the wake of the disaster, many races were cancelled, including the Grand Prix races in Germany, Spain, and Switzerland (the latter as a part of a blanket ban on motorsport round-track races that was maintained until 2018). The accident led to safety regulations in all motorsports for both driver and spectator protection. Almost all decades in which Le Mans has been run have seen their fair share of horrific accidents, such as in 1972 when Swede Jo Bonnier was catapulted into a forest surrounding the circuit after hitting a privately entered Ferrari near the Indianapolis section; Bonnier was killed instantly. The 1980s was a decade where some of the race's worst-ever accidents occurred. Although Armco barriers had been installed along the straight in 1969, there were still no chicanes on the Mulsanne Straight. In this place, almost all of the worst accidents occurred during that time. The prototypes, most of which were equipped with very powerful turbocharged engines in those days, were capable of doing more than before reaching the kink and would still be doing the same kind of speeds at the end of the straight – and even through the kink, which was a flat-out bend for all the cars on the track. In , Belgian Thierry Boutsen crashed horrifically on the Mulsanne Straight in his WM-Peugeot, killing a marshal. In the same race, Frenchman Jean-Louis Lafosse was also killed on the Mulsanne Straight when his Rondeau suffered a suspension failure, steered very suddenly to the right, and slammed into the Armco barrier on the driver's side at extreme speeds. The 1984 race saw British privateer John Sheldon crashing at more than at the Mulsanne Kink; his Aston Martin V8 powered Nimrod tore through the Armco barriers into the trees. The resulting explosion was so violent that the woods next to the track caught fire. Although Sheldon survived with severe burns, a track marshal was killed; two others were also severely injured. Sheldon's teammate, American Drake Olson in the second Nimrod-Aston Martin, who was following him down the straight, crashed heavily after running over Sheldon's bodywork; he went into severe shock but survived with minor injuries. The field was under the safety car for over an hour while the crash site was cleared, and the destroyed Armco barriers were replaced. In 1985, a similar accident befell Briton Dudley Wood in a Porsche 962 during practice. The impact of the car against the Armco, considering Wood was doing more than , was so hard that it cracked the engine block. Wood survived without injury. Also, in 1985, John Nielsen flipped his Sauber-Mercedes while going over the Mulsanne hump at more than . The car landed on its roof and was destroyed, but Nielsen escaped without injury. In , Jo Gartner drove a Porsche 962C into the Mulsanne barriers and was killed instantly after the car rolled multiple times, vaulted some Armco barriers, and knocked down a telegraph pole. Moreover, in 1987, American Price Cobb crashed a works Porsche 962C after slipping on oil during Wednesday practice. The fuel tank exploded and the car burned to the ground, but Cobb escaped without injury. Gartner's fatal accident remained the most recent death in the race until Allan Simonsen's crash in 2013. However, there was one fatality during a practice session in 1997 (Sebastien Enjolras). In 1999, the Mercedes-Benz CLRs suffered from aerodynamic instability leading to airborne cars. After initially happening at the Le Mans test day, Mercedes claimed to have solved the problem, only for it to occur again at warmup. Mark Webber was the unlucky driver whose car flipped on both occasions. The last and most damaging accident occurred during the race itself when Peter Dumbreck's CLR became airborne, flying over the safety fencing and landing in the woods several metres away. No drivers were severely hurt in any of the three accidents. However, Mercedes-Benz withdrew its remaining entry and ended its entire sportscar programme. In 2011, two horrific accidents occurred to two of the three factory Audis in the LMP1 class. Near the end of the first hour, the No. 3 car driven by Allan McNish collided with one of the Ferrari GT cars, resulting in McNish's car smashing into the tyre wall and being thrown into the air at the Dunlop chicanes, resulting in pieces of bodywork flying over and nearly hitting many photographers on the other side of the barrier. In the eleventh hour of the race, another accident occurred to the No. 1 car driven by Mike Rockenfeller when he had contact with another Ferrari GT car. In the runup to Indianapolis corner, Rockenfeller's Audi was sent into the outside barrier at over . Only the main cockpit safety cell of the car remained, along with major damage being done to the barriers that needed to be repaired before the race was resumed. Audi had switched to a closed-cockpit car starting in 2011, a decision credited for the fact that neither driver was injured. The 2014 regulations required all cars to be closed-cockpit due to the 2011 accident. In 2012, Anthony Davidson, driving for the returning Toyota team in a Toyota TS030 Hybrid, collided with a Ferrari 458 GT2 of Piergiuseppe Perazzini, and became airborne before crashing into the tyre barrier of the Mulsanne Corner at high speed. The Ferrari also ended up in the barrier, flipping and coming to a halt on its roof. Davidson suffered broken vertebrae. In 2013, Dane Allan Simonsen died after crashing into the barriers at Tertre Rouge. When the car collided with the guard rail, a mature tree had been touching the barrier, thereby preventing the guard rail from performing its safety function. Coverage Motors TV covered the Le Mans 24 Hours in its entirety in 2006 and 2007, including coverage of the scrutineering, qualifying, driver parade, warmup, and race. In the United States, FOX owned SPEED Channel, followed by Fox Sports 1 and Fox Sports 2 aired complete race coverage live either on-air or online through a combination of coverage from the French host broadcaster and its own pit reporting crew for several years. That deal ended after the 2017 season. A United States television deal was not done for the 2018–19 WEC Super Season because of a renegotiation of its European contract. In 2008, Eurosport secured a multi-year deal to show the entire race, including the qualifying and the motorcycle race. Every hour of the 2008 race was broadcast in segments on the main channel and Eurosport 2. However, a couple of hours were missed in recent years due to scheduling clashes with other sporting events. In addition, Eurosport provided live streaming on its website to subscribers. Since 2009, Eurosport and Eurosport 2 have covered all the action, and beginning in 2018, Eurosport gained United States broadcast rights for the World Endurance Championship for the race only on Motor Trend, a channel also owned by Eurosport's parent company. Qualifying and practices aired on a direct-to-consumer streaming platform from Motor Trend magazine. In Australia in 2012, Ten Sport showed the race live and in full online. The race is also broadcast (in English) on the radio by Radio Le Mans. Appearances in media Vintage racing Since 2001, the ACO has allowed the "Le Mans Legend" event to participate on the full Circuit de la Sarthe. These exhibition races involve classic cars that had previously run at Le Mans or are similar to those. Each year, a particular era of cars may participate, with the featured era changing from year to year. Though most drivers in this event are amateurs, some noted professional drivers have appeared to race cars they had previously run, such as Stirling Moss and Derek Bell. Starting in 2002, the "Le Mans Classic" has been held as a biennial event on the full circuit in July. The races take place over a full 24-hour day/night cycle, with starts on set times allowing cars from the same era to compete simultaneously. A team typically consists of a car in each class. The team with the most points accumulated over five or six classes is declared the overall winner. The classes are based on the era in which the cars would have competed. The exact class requirements are re-evaluated for every event since the age for the youngest entries is shifted by two years for each event. In the first event, five classes ran more short races; later events have featured six classes running fewer but longer races. Drivers are required to have an FIA International Competition license. This event also includes a large Concours d'Elegance and auction. See also 24 Hours of Le Mans (motorcycle race) 24 Hours of LeMons Endurance racing Le Mans 24 Hours video games List of 24 Hours of Le Mans winners List of 24 hours of Le Mans records Triple Crown of Motorsport Radio Le Mans References Additional references "Le Mans 1965" in Automobile Historique, no. 48, May 2005 . "24 heures du Mans 1973" in Automobile Historique, no. 49, June/July 2005 . External links Le Mans official website Racing Sports Cars – historical photos and results Le Mans History – The History of Le Mans 24 Hours race 24h of Le Mans History and database Sarthe Recurring sporting events established in 1923 Group C Le Mans Tourist attractions in Sarthe 1923 establishments in France

64146474

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943%20Holy%20Cross%20Crusaders%20football%20team

1943 Holy Cross Crusaders football team

The 1943 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1943 college football season. In its second year under head coach Ank Scanlan, the team compiled a 6–2 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts. Schedule References Holy Cross Holy Cross Crusaders football seasons Holy Cross Crusaders football

18347777

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benton%20County%20Courthouse%20%28Indiana%29

Benton County Courthouse (Indiana)

Benton County Courthouse is a Second Empire style building in Benton County, Indiana that was built in 1874. It was nominated for listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008, and it was listed on the National Register on August 1 of that year. There was a previous Benton County Courthouse that was built in 1855 but was torn down in 1873. History Benton county was formed in 1840. After a long struggle, the seat was moved to Fowler in 1874. The current Benton County Courthouse, located in Fowler, was designed by Gurdon P. Randall of Chicago and built in 1874 by Levi L. Leach at a cost of $62,257. The new courthouse was an impressive building from an architectural standpoint, but also provided much-needed improvements in security, including large fire-proof vaults. Randall had designed the Marshall County courthouse a few years earlier. References External links Benton County courthouse, at website of the Indiana judiciary Photographs of the Benton County Courthouse from the Ball State University Digital Media Repository County courthouses in Indiana Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana Second Empire architecture in Indiana Government buildings completed in 1874 Buildings and structures in Benton County, Indiana National Register of Historic Places in Benton County, Indiana 1874 establishments in Indiana

28390818

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey%20B.%20Hurd

Harvey B. Hurd

Harvey Bostwick Hurd (February 14, 1828 – January 20, 1906) was a prominent Chicago lawyer, abolitionist, and social reformer. Early life and education Hurd was born in Huntington, Connecticut on February 14, 1828. He grew up on his family's farm. On May 1, 1842, the fourteen-year-old Hurd left his parents' farm and journeyed to Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he became an apprentice at the Bridgeport Standard, a Whig newspaper. In 1844, he was one of a group of ten young men who immigrated to Illinois. He spent a year studying at Jubilee College in Peoria County, Illinois. He then moved to Chicago, finding a job at the Evening-Standard newspaper and later the Prairie Farmer. In 1847, he read law with Chicago lawyer Calvin DeWolf. He was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1848. Career Hurd began practicing law in 1848, initially forming a partnership with Carlos Haven, then with Henry Snapp, and then, from 1850 to 1854, with Andrew J. Brown. With Brown, Hurd was involved in several large real estate transactions in Evanston, Illinois. In May 1853, Hurd married Cornelia A. Hilliard, daughter of Col. James Hilliard of Middletown, Connecticut. Together, the couple had three daughters: Eda, Hettie, and Nellie. In 1854, he began construction of a large home in Evanston, where he lived for the rest of his life. He served as first president of the Village Board of Evanston. A committed abolitionist, Hurd was active in abolitionist politics in Chicago. When the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 repealed the Missouri Compromise, Hurd traveled to Buffalo, New York for the founding of a national committee to protect the rights of northern settlers in the Kansas Territory. Hurd served as the secretary of this organization's executive committee, which was headquartered in Chicago. After the Kansas crop failures of 1856, this committee voted to raise funds to send seed to northern settlers in the Kansas Territory, and to provide John Brown with $5,000 to fund his activities. When there were not enough funds for both projects, Hurd decided to spend the money on seed for the settlers, a decision that ultimately upset Brown and drew criticism from Gerrit Smith, but which was vindicated when the seed arrived in Lawrence, Kansas. In the absence of this seed, the northern settlers would have had no choice but to leave the Kansas Territory. In the wake of the Pottawatomie Massacre, John Brown was forced to flee the Kansas Territory. While Brown was staying at the home of John W. Jones, his clothes were so ragged that he needed a new suit; since Hurd was approximately the same size as Brown, Hurd was fitted for the suit which was then sent to Brown. In 1862, Hurd formed a law partnership with Henry Booth and also became a lecturer on law at the University of Chicago. His partnership with Booth was dissolved in 1868, at which time Hurd ceased the active practice of law. In April 1869, Governor of Illinois John M. Palmer appointed Hurd as one of three commissioners to revise the General Statutes of Illinois. When the other two commissioners were indisposed, Hurd completed this task on his own, presented his compiled statutes to the Illinois General Assembly in 1874. The General Assembly ordered this compilation to be published - in its published form, it was generally known as Hurd's Statutes. Hurd became a lecturer at the Union College of Law (later known as the Northwestern University School of Law in 1876. In 1886, Hurd was the author of the so-called Hurd Bill, which proposed to create the Sanitary District of Chicago; after studying and modifying the bill, the Illinois General Assembly passed it the next year. Hurd was active in the Illinois State Bar Association, serving as chairman of its Committee on Law Reform. He chaired an ISBA commission on land title that on December 10, 1892, recommended that Illinois adopt the Torrens title system, which it did in 1897. Hurd was president of the Illinois State Bar Association 1898-99. Hurd was also active in the Children's Aid Society of Chicago. He was a long-time proponent of creating a juvenile court system in Illinois, and remained active after the court was created. Personal life Hurd's first wife, Cornelia, died in 1884. He later married Mrs. Sarah Collins, widow of George Collins. She died in 1890. In July 1892, Hurd took a third wife, Mrs. Susanna Van Wyck. She died in 1896. Hurd died at his home in Chicago on January 20, 1906, and was buried at Rosehill Cemetery. References Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1906, pp. 338-340. 1828 births 1906 deaths Illinois lawyers People from Shelton, Connecticut University of Chicago faculty Northwestern University faculty American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law Burials at Rosehill Cemetery

61422566

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20Reh%C3%A1k

Rudolf Rehák

Rudolf Rehák (born 26 December 1965) is a retired Slovak football defender. References 1965 births Living people Slovak footballers FK Inter Bratislava players FK Dukla Banská Bystrica players FC Hradec Králové players FC Admira Wacker Mödling players SV Schwechat players ASK Schwadorf players Czech First League players Association football defenders Slovak expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in the Czech Republic Slovak expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic Expatriate footballers in Austria Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Austria FK Dukla Banská Bystrica managers Slovak football managers

26560611

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandal%20%28band%29

Vandal (band)

Vandal was an American glam metal band from Chicago, Illinois, formed in the mid-1980s. Vandal was founded by guitarist Dan Donegan, bassist Bob Feddersen, drummer John Sullivan, and vocalist Bob Johnson. John Sullivan and Bob Feddersen went on to form hard rock band Loudmouth. Steve "Fuzz" Kmak and Dan Donegan went on to found the heavy metal band Disturbed circa 1995. Discography Better Days Band members Dan Donegan – guitar 1988–1992 Bob Feddersen – bass John Sullivan – drums Bob Johnson – vocals 1985–1988 Lance Thomason – lead vocals 1990–1992 Kurt Bonomo – lead guitar on-off 1986–1992 Stacey Thomason – vocals 1988–1990 Steve "Fuzz" Kmak – second guitar 1992 Jason Stunard – guitar References American glam metal musical groups Musical groups from Chicago

46441341

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KXUT-LP

KXUT-LP

KXUT-LP is a Country formatted low-power broadcast radio station licensed to and serving Logan, Utah. KXUT-LP is owned and operated by Wasatch Radio. References External links Calf Country @ 101.7 Online 2015 establishments in Utah Country radio stations in the United States Radio stations established in 2015 XUT-LP XUT-LP

24365800

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav%20Neuhaus

Stanislav Neuhaus

Stanislav Genrikhovich Neuhaus (Russian: Станислав Генрихович Нейгауз) (March 21, 1927January 24, 1980) was a Soviet-Russian classical pianist. Neuhaus was born in Moscow, the second son of the Russian pianist and professor at the Moscow Conservatory, Heinrich Neuhaus. The prominent musician studied piano with his father from 1953 to 1957 and was one of his father's three assistants (next to Lev Naumov and Yevgeny Malinin). Neuhaus (junior)'s son, Stanislav Bunin went on to become a famous pianist as well. The International Stanislav Neuhaus Piano Competition is named in his honor. Brigitte Engerer (1952-2012) was one of his students. Aram Khachaturian called Neuhaus the best pianist in the Moscow Conservatory, in the paper Soviet Musician. He died in Peredelkino near Moscow in 1980, aged 52. References External links Entry in Russian Encyclopedia (Russian) Soviet classical pianists 20th-century classical pianists Russian classical pianists Male classical pianists 1927 births 1980 deaths Musicians from Moscow 20th-century Russian male musicians

10478214

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakin%27%20Away%20%28song%29

Breakin' Away (song)

"Breakin' Away" is the first single from Kim Wilde's 1995 album Now & Forever. Wilde had initially made her name in the 1980s as the highest-selling British female soloist of that decade. She had also earned some degree of success in the early 1990s. "Breakin' Away" was released both in its original form and as several different extended remixes on the 12" and CD-single formats. On the CD-single and cassette single a song called "Staying with My Baby" was also included. This track was somewhat exclusive as it was only included on the Japanese issue of the Now & Forever album. Critical reception Larry Flick from Billboard commented, "It has been awhile since the seemingly ageless Kim Wilde delivered a single as good as her U.K. single, "Breakin' Away". Under the production guidance of brother Ricki Wilde and the ever-fab Serious Rope, she is the picture of sweet, girlish charm, gleefully romping through the track's plush retro-disco arrangement." Pan-European magazine Music & Media wrote that "this fast-moving dance track introduces us to an up-to-date Kim Wilde. She lets the world know that "we've got to move forward" and that's exactly what she's doing with this single, which should be welcomed by dance and EHR stations." A reviewer from Music Week noted, "Anyone else on vocals and this marshmallow pop could pass unnoticed, but the massive past success of Wilde should see her getting a chart slot." James Hamilton from the magazine's RM Dance Update deemed it as a "breezily harmonized romping chunky strider – sorta Madonna meets Manhattan Transfer". Track listing CD single, Europe (1995) "Breakin' Away" (Radio Mix) – 3:35 "Breakin' Away" (Original 12" Mix) – 6:29 "Breakin' Away" (Matt Darey Vocal Mix) – 6:15 "Staying with My Baby" (Radio Mix) – 4:28 Charts References Kim Wilde songs 1995 songs Songs written by Tracy Ackerman Songs written by Mike Percy (musician) Songs written by Tim Lever MCA Records singles

68409900

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981%20Cookstown%20District%20Council%20election

1981 Cookstown District Council election

Elections to Cookstown District Council were held on 20 May 1981 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used three district electoral areas to elect a total of 15 councillors. Election results Note: "Votes" are the first preference votes. Districts summary |- class="unsortable" align="centre" !rowspan=2 align="left"|Ward ! % !Cllrs ! % !Cllrs ! % !Cllrs ! % !Cllrs ! % !Cllrs !rowspan=2|TotalCllrs |- class="unsortable" align="center" !colspan=2 bgcolor="" | SDLP !colspan=2 bgcolor="" | UUP !colspan=2 bgcolor="" | DUP !colspan=2 bgcolor="" | UUUP !colspan=2 bgcolor="white"| Others |- |align="left"|Area A |bgcolor="#99FF66"|25.8 |bgcolor="#99FF66"|1 |21.5 |1 |21.8 |1 |9.4 |1 |21.5 |1 |5 |- |align="left"|Area B |bgcolor="#99FF66"|28.2 |bgcolor="#99FF66"|2 |22.6 |2 |23.5 |1 |0.0 |0 |25.7 |1 |6 |- |align="left"|Area C |bgcolor="#99FF66"|41.4 |bgcolor="#99FF66"|2 |30.7 |1 |27.9 |1 |0.0 |0 |0.0 |0 |4 |- class="unsortable" class="sortbottom" style="background:#C9C9C9" |align="left"| Total |31.4 |5 |24.7 |4 |24.3 |3 |2.9 |3 |16.7 |2 |15 |- |} Districts results Area A 1977: 1 x SDLP, 1 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x UUUP, 1 x Independent Nationalist 1981: 1 x SDLP, 1 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x UUUP, 1 x Independent Nationalist 1977-1981 Change: No change Area B 1977: 2 x SDLP, 2 x UUUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Independent Republican 1981: 2 x SDLP, 2 x UUP, 1 x DUP, 1 x Independent Republican 1977-1981 Change: UUP and DUP gain from UUUP (two seats) Area C 1977: 2 x SDLP, 2 x UUP 1981: 2 x SDLP, 1 x UUP, 1 x DUP 1977-1981 Change: DUP gain from UUP References Cookstown District Council elections Cookstown

12805375

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist%20Group

Marxist Group

Marxist Group may refer to: Marxist Group (Germany) (Ger.: Marxistische Gruppe), a West German communist organization active in the 1970s and 1980s Marxist Group (UK), an early Trotskyist group in the United Kingdom International Marxist Group, a Trotskyist political party in Britain between 1964 and 1987 International Marxist Group (Germany), a Trotskyist group in West Germany Revolutionary Marxist Group (Canada), a Trotskyist political organization in Canada in the 1970s Revolutionary Marxist Group (Ireland), a Trotskyist organization in Ireland during the 1970s

40198026

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade%20I%20and%20II%2A%20listed%20buildings%20in%20the%20London%20Borough%20of%20Brent

Grade I and II* listed buildings in the London Borough of Brent

There are over 9,000 Grade I listed buildings and 20,000 Grade II* listed buildings in England. This page is a list of these buildings in the London Borough of Brent. Grade I |} Grade II* |} Notes External links Lists of Grade I listed buildings in London Lists of Grade II* listed buildings in London

28256363

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Jersey%20Transportation%20Planning%20Authority

North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority

The North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA) is the federally authorized metropolitan planning organization (MPO) for the 13-county northern New Jersey region, one of three MPOs in the state. NJTPA's annual budget is more than $2 billion for transportation improvement projects. The Authority also participates in inter-agency cooperation and receives public input into funding decisions. The NJTPA sponsors and conducts studies, assists county planning agencies and monitors compliance with national air quality goals. The Authority provides federal funding to support the planning work of its 15 subregions. The funds are matched by a local contribution. As vital partners in regional planning work, the subregions help bring a local perspective to all aspects of NJTPA's work to improve the northern New Jersey transportation network. Union County Freeholder Angel Estrada was elected Chair of the NJTPA Board of Trustees on January 22, 2018, becoming the first Latino to hold that position. Formation NJTPA was created in 1982 after the disbanding of the Tri-State Regional Planning Commission, a metropolitan planning organization for the states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Area The NJTPA region consists of 15 subregions each represented on the NJTPA Board. The states two largest cities, Newark and Jersey City and the 13 counties of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, Morris, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union, and Warren are represented. Together they comprise the Gateway Region, Skylands Region, and northern Jersey Shore. Regional partners Along with member agencies New Jersey Department of Transportation, (NJDOT), New Jersey Transit (NJT), State of NJ Office of the Governor, and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey). These regional partners carry out transportation planning work that helps NJTPA identify and address regional-level transportation needs. Board and Committees The NJTPA Board of Trustees includes 15 local elected officials, including one representative from each of the 13 northern New Jersey counties as well as from Newark and Jersey City. The Board also includes a Governor's representative, the Commissioner of the NJDOT, the Executive Director of NJ TRANSIT, the Chairman of the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey and a citizen's representative. Board membership is an uncompensated position. Every two years the Board elects a new Executive Committee, which provides guidance and leadership to the full Board on a wide range of planning, policy and administrative issues. It meets as needed to review financial, personnel and policy matters. Union County Freeholder Angel Estrada was elected Chair of the Board for the 2018–2019 term. The Board elected Hunterdon County Freeholder Matthew Holt First Vice-Chair; Passaic County Freeholder John Bartlett Second Vice-Chair; and Essex County Executive Joseph DiVincenzo Board Secretary. In accordance with the bylaws, Freeholder Estrada appointed Morris County Freeholder Kathryn A. DeFillippo to the position of Third Vice-Chair. The Board has three standing committees that make recommendations on action items to be considered by the full Board: Planning & Economic Development Committee Project Prioritization Committee Freight Initiatives Committee In addition, there is a Regional Transportation Advisory Committee composed of planners and engineers from the subregions that meets to review regional issues and act as advisers to the Board. Long range plan NJTPA planning activities are guided by its long range plan, which is updated every four years. The NJTPA Regional Transportation Plan analyzes all aspects of transportation in northern and central New Jersey and sets an investment blueprint for the next 25 years. The Board of Trustees adopted the current plan, Plan 2045: Connecting North Jersey, in November 2017. The plan incorporates emphasis areas established by the federal government, state government transportation and land use policy, and local government transportation goals. The plan considers the many transportation challenges the region faces: severe road congestion and unreliable travel times in many locations; public transit that serves many, but is limited in some areas and reaching capacity in others; a need for more facilities for safe walking and biking; and, perhaps most critically, the vital need for new rail tunnels under the Hudson River. Plan 2045 focuses on meeting these challenges by preserving and enhancing the region's roads, bridges, rail lines, port facilities and more. It also considers game changers such as self-driving cars, truck platoons, adaptive traffic signals, alternative fuel vehicles and the increase in ride hailing services. The plan also reflects input from citizens throughout North Jersey, who said they want walkable communities, more transit options, more reliable commute times and better access to jobs among other things. While mobility is a primary concern, Plan 2045 also considers how transportation investments can promote broader regional objectives. To that end, the plan incorporates the four themes — competitive, efficient, livable and resilient — and corresponding strategies that emerged from Together North Jersey, an extraordinary region-wide planning consortium launched in 2013, which NJTPA continues to play a leadership role in. Street Smart NJ Street Smart NJ is a public education campaign coordinated by the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority that aims to raise awareness of pedestrian and motorist laws and change the behaviors that lead to pedestrian and cyclist crashes and fatalities. Obeying traffic laws and street signs is vital to everyone's health and safety. Street Smart NJ emphasizes educating drivers, pedestrians and bicyclists through mass media, as well as targeted enforcement. Since its inception in 2013, more than 60 communities have participated in Street Smart NJ in some way. The campaign uses outdoor, transit and online advertising, along with grassroots public awareness efforts and law enforcement to address pedestrian safety. Part of the impetus behind Street Smart NJ was that the Federal Highway Administration identified New Jersey as a pedestrian “focus” state due to the high incidence of pedestrian injuries and fatalities. In 2014, 169 pedestrians died as a result of pedestrian-vehicle crashes in New Jersey. From 2011 to 2014, 591 pedestrians were killed and more than 17,000 injured on New Jersey's roadways, which translates to one death every 2.5 days and 11 injuries daily. Evaluations of previous Street Smart NJ campaigns have shown positive results. There was a 28 percent reduction in pedestrians jaywalking or crossing against the signal and a 40 percent reduction in drivers failing to yield to crossing pedestrians or cyclists following campaigns the NJTPA managed in March 2016. See also Metropolitan planning organizations of New Jersey New York Metropolitan Transportation Council Regional Plan Association References External links Plan 2035 About MPOs Transportation in New Jersey Transportation planning Metropolitan planning organizations State agencies of New Jersey Companies based in Newark, New Jersey New York metropolitan area

31373301

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doodle%20Kids

Doodle Kids

Doodle Kids is an application for iPhone, iPad, and Android devices. It allows the user to draw shapes and colors on-screen. The application was written by Lim Ding Wen when he was 9 years old. Doodle Kids was originally written for the Apple IIGS computer using Complete Pascal. It was designed by Ding Wen for his younger sisters to do random painting. Ding Wen later rewrote Doodle Kids for iPhone. As of the end of 2010, the application had more than 880,000 downloads for both iOS and Android platforms. Doodle Kids is available for free download. Source code for the Apple IIGS version is available online. References IOS software Android (operating system) software

21218664

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Mahbes

Al Mahbes

Al Mahbes () is a town in the UN-monitored buffer zone of Western Sahara, near the Algerian border, some northeast of Bir Lehlou. Mahbes' partner municipalities are the Spanish city of Noia and the Italian municipalities of Sesto Fiorentino and San Giovanni Valdarno. References Populated places in Western Sahara

16940961

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore%20International%20Water%20Week

Singapore International Water Week

The Singapore International Water Week (SIWW) is a conference in Singapore for the global water industry. SIWW’s flagship programmes include The Water Leaders Summit, the Water Convention, the Water Expo, Business Forums, Hydro-Gen and Industrial Water Solutions. The programme culminates with the Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize. SIWW was launched in 2008. Since 2012, SIWW has been held biennially in conjunction with the World Cities Summit and CleanEnviro Summit Singapore. In 2013, the attention was focused on the water utility sector with the SIWW Water Utilities Leaders Forum (SWULF). External links Official site Water-Conferences.com International conferences in Singapore Water and the environment June observances July observances Water supply and sanitation in Singapore Holidays and observances by scheduling (varies)

47979672

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n%20Pujato

Hernán Pujato

Hernán Pujato (19042003) was an Argentinian military general, diplomat, and explorer. He founded the first Antarctica bases for his country, and founded the Instituto Antártico Argentino. Through this institute, Pujato attempted to colonize Antarctica, with the assistance of President Juan Perón. Early life Pujato was the son of José Diego Pujato and Martina García. He was born in Diamante, Entre Ríos on the same year that Argentina opened the first permanent base on Antarctica, Orcadas Base on Laurie Island. After his early education in Diamante, Entre Ríos, he went to secondary school in Buenos Aires. He then studied at the Colegio Militar de la Nación in Buenos Aires. Military career By 1949, Pujato was a colonel. This year, he presented a plan for Antarctica to president Juan Perón. Pujato proposed creating a scientific institute for research purposes and establishing scientific and population bases in Antarctica. Perón's initial interest led to Pujato visiting the United States and Greenland to study survival in extreme latitudes. By 1951, Pujato was ready to attempt building a new settlement. With the Argentine Navy, Pujato hired the Santa Micaela. Commanded by Overseas Captain Santiago Farrell, it was a cargo ship belonging to the Argentine shipping company Pérez Companc S. A. The Santa Micaela left the port of Buenos Aires on 12 February 1951, and on 8 March it anchored at Marguerite Bay. The settlement, San Martín Base was a success, and still stands today. It was the first human settlement south of the Antarctic Circle. For his success, Pujato was promoted to brigadier general and saw the foundation of the Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA). The next year, Pujato founded Belgrano I base in Argentina, which stood until 1980. This was the most southerly station in the world at the time. From this station, Pujato and others flew reconnaissance in the area. For this work, Pujato was promoted to general. Pujato's career ended abruptly in 1955. President Perón lost power in the Revolución Libertadora, and the new government, led by Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, forced Pujato to retire. Pujato played no major roles in Argentina after this. During the Falklands War, the 78-year old retired general offered to play a kamikaze-type role against the British ship HMS Invincible, but was refused. See also Colonization of Antarctica References Bibliography Fontana, Luis Roberto. Rememoración Histórica 50 años de la Base San Martín. Argentine generals Explorers of Antarctica 1904 births 2003 deaths

62412438

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujiwara%20no%20Atsumitsu

Fujiwara no Atsumitsu

Fujiwara no Atsumitsu (藤原 敦光; 1063–1144) was a Japanese nobleman and writer of both kanshi and waka poetry who lived during the Heian period. Biography The poet Fujiwara no Atsumitsu was born in 1063. His father was Fujiwara no Akihira and his mother (whose name is not known) was a daughter of Taira no Sanshige (平実重). Atsutane lost his father when he was four by traditional Japanese reckoning (i.e., in his fourth year), and he was raise by his elder brother. During the reign of Emperor Shirakawa, he became a student Chinese literature (文章生 monjōshō) at the Imperial University, and in his 28th year he was selected as one of the monjō tokugō-shō (文章得業生), a prestigious honour granted to two students at a time. Atsumitsu died on the 28th day of the tenth month of the first year of Ten'yō (24 November 1144 by the Julian calendar), when he was 82 by traditional Japanese reckoning. Poetry Notes References Citations Works cited Kanshi poets Waka poets 11th-century Japanese poets 12th-century Japanese poets Kuge Fujiwara clan 1063 births 1144 deaths

22805323

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SG%20Biofuels

SG Biofuels

SG Biofuels is a privately held bioenergy crop company, which grows and researches Jatropha curcas for the production of biodiesel, bio jet fuel, and specialty chemicals. Company history and overview SG Biofuels (SGB) is a fully integrated bioenergy crop company using molecular breeding and biotechnology to develop and produce elite hybrid seeds of Jatropha as a low-cost feedstock for biodiesel, bio jet fuel, and specialty chemicals. SG Biofuels was founded in 2007 and is based in San Diego, California. The company was officially introduced to the public at the 2009 National Biodiesel Conference and Expo in San Francisco, California. In September 2010, SG Biofuels secured a series A investment of $9.4 million. The funding was led by two privately held companies involved in the development of renewable energy, chemicals and biotechnology: Flint Hills Resources, a subsidiary of Koch Industries, and Life Technologies. Jatropha cultivation, research and SGB history SG Biofuels grows Jatropha in greenhouses and on plantations in Latin and Central America for sustainable biofuel production and researches methods with which to optimize the Jatropha seeds and growing processes. Jatropha has been growing successfully in tropical and subtropical locations for many years and has been cited as one of the best candidates for biodiesel production because of its high oil content—30 to 40 percent. The company's research focuses on the domestication and genetic improvement of Jatropha. Areas of focus include increasing oil content per seed, increasing number of seeds per plant, improving flowering synchronicity, and improving pest and disease resistance. The company also researches strains that can sustain colder temperatures for growth in the U.S. The company's Jatropha Research and Development Center has the world's largest and most diverse collection of Jatropha genetic material. The company's website states that its germplasm library holds over 12,000 unique Jatropha genotypes. Preliminary molecular marker studies indicate that SG Biofuels' Jatropha germplasm collection exhibits on the order of 5 times the genetic diversity observed in a collection of Jatropha from India, Africa, and Asia. In March 2010, SG Biofuels launched its first JMax100 cultivar, a proprietary cultivar of Jatropha optimized for growing conditions in Guatemala with yields averaging approximately 100 percent greater than existing varieties. In August 2010, SG Biofuels and Life Technologies announced that they had completed the genome sequencing of Jatropha. In August 2011, SG Biofuels (SGB) initiated a program with Bharat Renewable Energy Ltd (BREL), a joint-venture of Bharat Petroleum, India’s second largest petroleum company, to develop and deploy elite hybrids of Jatropha for the production of biodiesel in India. In September 2011, SGB teamed with JETBIO, leader of a multi-stakeholder initiative including Airbus, the Inter-American Development Bank, Bioventures Brasil, Rio Pardo Bioenergia, Air BP, and TAM Airlines, to accelerate the production of crude jatropha oil as a source for aviation bio jet fuel in Brazil. In October 2013, SG Biofuels sought an Inter-American Development Bank loan for a jatropha oil project in Guatemala. References External links SG Biofuels web site Biodiesel producers Companies based in San Diego

27774003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Livingston%20County%2C%20Kentucky

National Register of Historic Places listings in Livingston County, Kentucky

This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Livingston County, Kentucky. It is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Livingston County, Kentucky, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 7 properties listed on the National Register in the county. Current listings |} See also List of National Historic Landmarks in Kentucky National Register of Historic Places listings in Kentucky References Livingston

39452850

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Ljunggren

Daniel Ljunggren

Daniel Ljunggren (born February 26, 1994) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He is currently under contract to Mora IK of the HockeyAllsvenskan (Allsv). He made his Elitserien debut playing with Brynäs IF during the 2012–13 Elitserien season. References External links 1994 births Living people Almtuna IS players Brynäs IF players Swedish ice hockey forwards Tingsryds AIF players

21807698

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Smith%20Cox

Walter Smith Cox

Walter Smith Cox (October 25, 1826 – June 25, 1902) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. Education and career Born in Georgetown, then a separate municipality in the District of Columbia, Cox received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Georgetown University in 1843, a Master of Arts degree from the same institution in 1844, and a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1847. He was in private practice in Washington, D.C. from 1848 to 1879, and during that period was also a recorder for the City of Georgetown, an Alderman for the City of Georgetown, and an auditor of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. From 1874 to 1879, he was a Professor of law at what was then called Columbian University, known today as George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Federal judicial service Cox was nominated by President Rutherford B. Hayes on February 26, 1879, to the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia (now the United States District Court for the District of Columbia), to a new Associate Justice seat authorized by 20 Stat. 320. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 1, 1879, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on July 1, 1899, due to his retirement. Notable case During Cox's service, he presided over the trial of Charles J. Guiteau, who was convicted of the assassination of President James A. Garfield. Later career and death Following his retirement from the federal bench, Cox resumed teaching as a Professor of law at George Washington University from 1899 to 1902. He died on June 25, 1902, in Washington, D.C. References Sources 1826 births 1902 deaths Georgetown University alumni Harvard Law School alumni George Washington University faculty Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia United States federal judges appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes 19th-century American judges People from Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)

5815593

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Siarka

Edward Siarka

Edward Siarka (born 7 July 1963 in Rabka) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 10,778 votes in 14 Nowy Sącz district as a candidate from the Law and Justice list. He was re-elected on 10 October 2019. See also Members of Polish Sejm 2005-2007 References 1963 births Living people People from Rabka-Zdrój Law and Justice politicians Members of the Polish Sejm 2005–2007 Members of the Polish Sejm 2007–2011 Members of the Polish Sejm 2011–2015 Members of the Polish Sejm 2015–2019 Members of the Polish Sejm 2019–2023

25901867

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%20in%20ancient%20Sparta

Women in ancient Sparta

Spartan women were famous in ancient Greece for having more freedom than women elsewhere in the Greek world. To contemporaries outside of Sparta, Spartan women had a reputation for promiscuity and controlling their husbands. Unlike their Athenian counterparts, Spartan women could legally own and inherit property and they were usually better educated. The surviving written sources are limited and largely from a non-Spartan viewpoint. Anton Powell wrote that to say the written sources are "'not without problems'... as an understatement would be hard to beat". Similar to other places in ancient Greece, in Sparta, far more is known about the elites than the lower classes, and ancient sources do not discuss gender in relation to the non-citizens who constituted the majority of the population of the Spartan state. Sources Sparta is one of only three states in ancient Greece, along with Athens and Gortyn, for which any detailed information about the role of women survives. This evidence is mostly from the Classical period and later, but many of the laws and customs we know of probably date back to the Archaic period. The earliest evidence about the lives of Spartan women come from archaic Greek poetry, such as the ("maiden songs") of Alcman, a Lydian poet who lived and worked in Sparta in the seventh century BC. However, the literary sources which give us the most information about women's lives in Sparta are later and written exclusively by non-Spartans. Xenophon’s Constitution of the Lacedaemonians is another major source for Spartan history. He was born in Athens but worked as a mercenary in Sparta. His literary work discussed many details about Spartan customs and practices. Plutarch’s Life of Lycurgus is also a major source for information about Spartan history, particularly on Lycurgus. He described the marriage ritual of Spartans and the eugenic policies Lycurgus enacted in the Spartan Constitution. These policies were believed to result in the strongest possible children and thus they were believed they would strengthen the Spartan military. Non-literary sources, including archaeology and ancient art, are limited. Aristotle was an Athenian citizen who saw the fall of Sparta within his lifetime. He wrote Politics, which is the main source on Sparta that survives today, and the Constitution of Sparta which has been lost. Aristotle criticized the Spartan state primarily for the power that their women had, including how they owned property and their power over men. Childhood According to Plutarch's testimony, Spartans practiced infanticide as a matter of course if children were thought to be unhealthy. It is unclear from this passage whether this applied to girls as well as boys, though evidence from elsewhere in Plutarch and Xenophon implies that it does not. It is likely that girls were simply given into the care of their mothers immediately after birth. There is not enough evidence, however, to say whether this was the case throughout Spartan history. Female Spartan babies were as well fed as their male counterparts – in contrast to Athens, where boys were better fed than girls – in order to have physically fit women to carry children and give birth. Education Information about the education of Spartan women is hard to find as there are more surviving sources about the education of Spartan boys. In Sparta, boys were educated in the agoge from the age of seven; at least during some periods of Spartan history. It is likely that whenever the state arranged for the education of boys, it also institutionalized for the education of girls. Unlike their male counterparts, Spartan girls would have been raised at home with their mothers while undergoing their education. They would learn about the duties and responsibilities of looking after the home, largely because the males of the household were often away. There is evidence for some form of official educational program for girls as early as the archaic period, and this system seems to have been discontinued in the Hellenistic period. The extent to which education for girls was restored under the reforms of Cleomenes III is unclear, but it may have become voluntary rather than compulsory. State-supervised education for girls was, once again, abolished in 188 BC and restored in the Roman period. Literacy in Sparta was a skill limited to the elite. However, there is evidence from the Classical period that some women could read. For instance, anecdotes about Sparta are preserved which feature mothers writing letters to their sons who were away. A reference by Aristophanes to a Spartan woman poet, Cleitagora, and the Spartan Pythagoreans listed by Iamblichos, suggest that some Spartan women may have been highly literate. As well as reading and writing, women studied mousike – which consisted of not just music, but also dance and poetry. Women seem to have learned to play musical instruments, as shown in surviving statuettes. Mousike was an important part of Spartan religious activity, particularly as part of the cults of Helen and Artemis. Spartan girls danced in choruses made up of girls of similar ages, and they were led by an older girl (chorēgos), and trained by a professional poet. Along with training in song and dance, these choruses educated girls in ritual and cultic activity. Dance also provided physical benefits: in Aristophanes' Lysistrata, the Spartan character Lampito attributes her fitness to the Laconian dance known as the bibasis, which involved buttock kicks and leaps. The bibasis was a competition that both Spartan men and women competed in to win prizes. Finally, the songs to which the girls danced provided an opportunity to inculcate them with Spartan values and gender roles. Athletics Unlike elsewhere in Greece, in Sparta, unmarried girls regularly participated in sports. The Spartan exercise regimen for girls was designed to make them "every bit as fit as their brothers", though unlike their brothers they did not actually train for combat. In his Constitution of the Spartans, Xenophon reports that Lycurgus required that women should exercise just as much as men, and to this end instituted athletic competitions for women. Early sources report that Spartan girls practiced running and wrestling; later texts also mention throwing the javelin and discus, boxing, and pankration. They also learned to ride on horseback. There are votive offerings that have been discovered depicting Spartan women on horseback. It is possible that Spartan girls exercised naked, because Archaic Spartan art portrays naked girls, unlike the art of other areas of Greece. Girls might have competed in gymnopaedia, the Spartan festival of naked youths. They also competed in running races for various festivals, of which the most prestigious was the Heraean Games. Upon marrying, Spartan women likely ceased participating in athletics. Marriage Spartan women seem to have married relatively late in comparison to their counterparts elsewhere in Greece. While Athenian women might have expected to marry for the first time around the age of fourteen to men much older than them, Spartan women normally married between the ages of eighteen and twenty to men close to them in age. Spartan men under the age of thirty were not permitted to live with their wives, instead they were expected to live communally with other members of their syssitia. Due to the husband's absence, women were expected to run the household largely alone. Unlike in Athens, where state ideology held that men were in charge of the household, Sue Blundell argues that in Sparta it is likely that women's control of the domestic sphere was accepted, and possibly even encouraged, by the state. According to Spartan ideology, the primary role of adult women was to bear and raise healthy children. This focus on childbearing was likely responsible for the emphasis on physical fitness in Spartan women, as it was believed that physically stronger women would have healthier children. Before marriage, there was a trial period for the potential couple to ensure that they could have children; if they could not, divorce and remarriage was the customary solution. For Spartans, all activities involving marriage revolved around the single purpose of producing strong children and thus improving their military. Spartan marriages could also be arranged based on one's wealth and status. The evidence for the role of kyrioi (male guardians) in arranging Spartan women's marriages is not decisive, though Cartledge believes that, like their Athenian (and unlike their Gortynian) counterparts, it was the responsibility of the kyrios to arrange a Spartan woman's marriage. There is some evidence in ancient sources that the Spartans practiced polyandry. Herodotus says that the bigamy of Anaxandridas II, who married a second wife because his first had not been able to produce an heir, was un-Spartan, but Polybius wrote that it was common at his time, and a time-honoured practice. Andrew Scott suggests that polygyny would have been more common in ancient Sparta in the early 4th century BC, when the number of Spartan citizen men sharply decreased. Along with plural marriage, Xenophon states that older men with younger wives were encouraged to allow younger, more fit men impregnate their wives, in order to produce stronger children. Further, Polybius claims that when a man had enough children, it was a Spartan custom for him to give his wife to another man so that he too might have children. Marriage ritual On the night of the wedding, the bride would have her hair cut short and be dressed in a man's cloak and sandals. The bride appeared dressed like a man or a young boy to be perceived as less threatening to her husband. The bride was then left alone in a darkened room, where she would be visited and ritually captured by her new husband. Men were expected to visit their new wives at night and in secret. The purpose of this was to make it more difficult for new couples to consummate their marriage, which was thought to increase the desire between husband and wife, and lead to the creation of stronger children. Matriarchal duties Because Spartan men spent much of their time living in barracks or at war, Spartan women were expected to run the household themselves. Unlike in Athens, where state ideology held that men were in charge of the household, Sue Blundell argues that in Sparta it is likely that women's control of the domestic sphere was accepted by the state. Due to this Aristotle was critical of Sparta, and claimed that men were ruled by strong and independent women, unlike in the rest of Greece. Aristotle also criticized Spartan women for their wealth. He attributed the state's precipitous fall from being the master of Greece to a second-rate power in less than 50 years, to the fact that Sparta had become a gynocracy whose women were intemperate and loved luxury. All Spartan women, not just the richest, would have taken advantage of helot labour to perform the domestic tasks that elsewhere in Greece would have fallen to free women. Activities such as weaving, which were considered women's work elsewhere in Greece, were not considered fit for free women in Sparta. Therefore, women were more preoccupied with governance, agriculture, logistics and other sustenance tasks. Spartan law codified under Lycurgus expressed the importance of child-bearing to Sparta. Bearing and raising children was considered the most important role for women in Spartan society; equal to male warriors in the Spartan army. Spartan women were encouraged to produce many children, preferably male, to increase Sparta's military population. They took pride in having borne and raised brave warriors. Having sons who were cowards, however, was a cause for sorrow, and the ancient author Aelian claims that women whose sons died as cowards lamented this. By contrast, the female relatives of the Spartans who died heroically in the Battle of Leuctra were said to have walked around in public looking happy. Spartan women did not simply celebrate their sons who had shown bravery and mourn when they had not, but they were crucial in enforcing social consequences for cowardly men. When Pausanias, a traitor to Sparta, took refuge in a sanctuary to Athena, his mother Theano is said to have taken a brick and placed it in the doorway. Following this example, the Spartans bricked up the temple door with Pausanias inside. Similarly, Pomeroy cites three of Plutarch's Sayings of Spartan Women which tell of Spartan mothers killing their cowardly sons themselves. Female homoeroticism in Sparta Alcman’s Partheneia or ‘maiden song’ was among the first documents discovered to express homoerotic sentiments between women. This was performed as choral hymns by young women in Sparta, and the piece was probably commissioned by the state to be performed publicly. Alcman’s poem has a verse where the younger choral girls admire their older choral leaders who invoke admiration and also inspires these erotic sentiments. The women describe the way that eros (sexual desire) for their choral leaders has taken over their bodies. Religion In ancient Sparta, cults for women reflected Spartan society's emphasis on the women's roles as child-bearers and raisers. Consequently, cults focused on fertility, women's health, and beauty. The cult of Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, was an important cult for Spartan women. Also important was the cult of Helen, with many objects used by women – mirrors, eye-liners, combs, and perfume bottles, for instance – dedicated at her cult sites. As well as two major cult sites, a shrine to Helen was located in the center of Sparta, and many steles featuring her were carved and displayed throughout the city. Cynisca, the first woman to win an Olympic victory, also had a cult in Sparta, the "only woman on record" to have been thus commemorated. Plutarch writes, in his Life of Lycurgus, that only men who died in battle and women who died while holding a religious office should have their name inscribed on their tombstone. This would be consistent with the Spartan reputation for piety, though one translation (Latte) emended the manuscript to read instead that women who died in childbirth would have named memorials, a reading which has become popular among many scholars. This emendation however has lacked archaeological, literary, or epigraph evidence to support it, whereas the two surviving funerary inscriptions for Spartan women lend credence to Plutarch's original claim that these honors were only extended to those women who died while holding religious office. Spartan society was slavishly structured around the obligation of all citizens to contribute to the state, and the failure to do so garnered no acclaim. In the starkest terms, Spartan women who died in childbirth could be seen as having made no contribution to the state in their attempt and therefore, were not accorded any special status for their death. However, Sparta did place particular emphasis on religion, arguably more than any other Greek city state and therefore, it was women who died in the service of the state, by worshiping Sparta's deities, who were honored with inscribed tombstones. Clothing Spartan women's clothing was simple and notoriously short. They wore the Dorian peplos, with slit skirts which bared their thighs. The Dorian peplos was made of a heavier woolen material than was common in Ionia, and was fastened at the shoulder by pins called fibulae. When running races, Spartan girls wore a distinctive single-shouldered, knee-length chiton. Since women did not weave their own clothes and instead left the creation of goods to the perioikoi; the purchase of elaborate cloth and metal bracelets was a sign of wealth. It is unknown whether women wore these silver and gold bracelets at all times or if only for religious ceremonies and festivals. Lycurgus was said to have forbidden women from using cosmetics. Young women grew their hair long and did not cover it, but married women were not allowed to wear their hair long and covered their heads with veils. Non-Spartiate women in Sparta Similar to other places in ancient Greece, in Sparta far more is known about the elites than the lower classes, and ancient sources do not discuss gender in relation to the non-citizens who lived in Sparta. Various groups of free non-Spartiates lived in Sparta, as did helots and, at least later in Spartan history, personal slaves. According to Xenophon, Spartan women were not required to do the domestic labour which women elsewhere in the Greek world were responsible for. He reports that in Sparta, doulai (slave women) did the weaving. In archaic Sparta it would have been helot women who fulfilled this role, but later in Spartan history, especially after the emancipation of the Messenian helots, many of these women were likely personal slaves. Women in perioicic communities were presumably responsible for the domestic labour for their own household, just as women were elsewhere in the Greek world. Plutarch says in his Life of Lycurgus that due to the lack of money in ancient Sparta, and because of the strict moral regime instituted by Lycurgus, there was no prostitution in Sparta. Later on, when gold and silver was more available, prostitution seemed to have surfaced. By the Hellenistic period, the geographer Polemon of Athens reported that he had seen bronze statues in Sparta dedicated by the prostitute Cottina, and there was a brothel named for her near the temple of Dionysos. Spartan nurses were famous throughout Greece, and wealthy families from across Greece had their children nursed by Spartans. Plutarch reports that Alcibiades was nursed by a Spartan woman called Amycla. The status of these nurses is not clear – they were probably not helots who would not have been sold to foreigners, but could have been some other form of non-citizen women from Laconia. Unlike other slaves in ancient Greece, the helot population was maintained through reproduction rather than the purchase of more slaves. Because of this, helots were able to freely choose partners and live in family groups, whereas other Greek slaves were kept in single-sex dormitories. Along with relationships with helot men, some helot women seem to have had children with Spartan men. These children were called mothakes, and were apparently free and able to gain citizenship – according to Aelian, the admiral Lysander was a mothax. The main purpose of mothakes from a Spartan point of view was that they could fight in the Spartan army, and Sarah Pomeroy suggests that daughters of Spartan men and helot women would therefore have been killed at birth. See also Aristotle's views on women Archidamia: Spartan queen, famously organized the women of Sparta to defend the city against Pyrrhus of Epirus. Chilonis (daughter of Leotychidas) Chilonis (wife of Cleombrotus II) Euryleonis: Second woman to win an Olympic crown, for the two-horse chariot race. Women in Classical Athens Notes References Bibliography External links Sayings of Spartan Women (Lacaenarum Apophthegmata) from Plutarch's Moralia, trans. Frank Cole Babbitt Alcman's Partheneion, trans. Gregory Nagy Sparta Women in ancient Greece Culture of Sparta Ancient Spartan women

13018207

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decent%20Working%20Conditions%20and%20Fair%20Competition%20Act

Decent Working Conditions and Fair Competition Act

The Decent Working Conditions and Fair Competition Act is the title of several bills that have been introduced in the United States Congress to try to "prohibit the import, export, and sale of goods made with sweatshop labor". As of February 2009, they have all died in committee and thus not become law. 109th Congress In the 109th Congress (January 2005 to January 2007, both houses Republican), the Senate bill had number S 3485 and the house bill had number HR 5635. They both died in committee. The senate version was introduced by Byron Dorgan (D-ND) on June 8, 2006. The house version was introduced by Sherrod Brown (D-OH) on June 6, 2006. The bill was written as a collaboration of different groups, including the United Steelworkers of America, the National Labor Committee and Senator Dorgan, partially in response to a Harris Poll showing that 75% of Americans agreed with the following statement: "I want my Member of Congress to support legislation to protect human rights in the global economy by prohibiting the import or sale of sweatshop goods in the U.S. which were made under conditions violating internationally recognized worker rights standards." In September 2006, the bill had garnered four Senate co-sponsors and 33 co-sponsors in the House. It was also endorsed by the AFL-CIO The bill aimed to ban the sale of any goods deemed to be made in contravention of either core International Labour Organization standards, including the right to organize and freedom of association, or of local labor laws. The bill's backers stated that the law was written specifically to ensure its compliance with World Trade Organization rules on non-discrimination, as the bill would have also banned the sale of any goods made in America under substandard conditions. Furthermore, endorsers claimed that the bill would have treated all goods equally and held all countries, including the United States, accountable for the conditions under which goods are made. The contents of the bill can be found at the Library of Congress, or on their website at http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:S.3485.IS: House Representative Sherrod Brown, D OH, described the bill in these terms: The bill is simple. It bars the importation or the sale of goods made with sweatshop labor. In other words, if a product is made in a Chinese sweatshop, if a product is made by child labor or slave labor or prison labor, you can't import it into the United States, you can't sell it into the United States  The Federal Trade Commission would enforce it, but the bill also gives retailers and shareholders the right to hold violators accountable, and it prohibits Federal government agencies from buying sweatshop goods. We can't afford to continue to tolerate these abuses. We certainly cannot afford, cannot continue to encourage them.  We don't have a $200 billion trade deficit with China because China's companies are better than ours and certainly not because their people are smarter or more dedicated or hard working. We know how China is able to do so well in the game of international trade. They break the rules. - House Floor, Jun 27 2006 ... and on June 22, 2006, like this: China is the world's sweatshop leader, with repressive labor policies resulting in wage suppression of as much as 85 percent. We all know that American workers can compete in a global economy on a level playing field, but no one can compete with prison labor, child labor or sweatshop labor. The result, a U.S. trade deficit with China that breaks records year after year, an increasing loss of U.S. manufacturing jobs to China. In my State alone, in Ohio, 42,000 jobs have been lost to China since the year 2001. Much of that job loss has been as a result of China's unfair trade practices. Yet America's trade agreements are actually encouraging the development of new sweatshops....   The bill bars the importation, the exportation or the sale of goods made with prisoner sweatshop labor. In other words, if a product is made by child labor or by forced prison camp labor, you can't import it into the United States, you can't sell it in the United States....   We cannot afford to continue to turn a blind eye to these abuses. Sweatshop imports are a moral crime. They violate the values of our families, of our faith and of the history of this country. They are a moral crime against the working men and women, and, I am afraid, working children of the developing nations.   Sweatshop imports are economic suicide for our country. As we import sweatshop goods, we export American jobs, we weaken the bargaining position of U.S. workers fighting for wages with which they can actually support their families.   The heart of America's economy has always been a vigorous middle-income consumer class. Henry Ford knew that. That is why he paid his workers a wage that would allow them to buy the cars that they made, to share the wealth they create, to buy the cars that they made.   By driving U.S. wages down, we weaken the American consumer market, we undercut our greatest economic power, and we lose jobs in so many of our communities.... 109th Congress - House version HR 5635 died in committee, after being referred to a Committee. It was referred to these House committees: Ways and Means Armed Services Government Reform Rules Energy and Commerce International Relations And the following subcommittee: House Energy and Commerce -- Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection Sponsors It was sponsored by Sherrod Brown D OH, and cosponsored by 60 other members, all Democrats. 109th Congress - Senate version S 3485 Died in committee, after being referred to the Senate Committee on Finance. Members of that committee were: Max Baucus D MT Ranking Jay Rockefeller D WV Kent Conrad, D ND Jim Jeffords, I VT Jeff Bingaman, D NM John Kerry, D MA Blanche Lincoln, D AR Ron Wyden, D OR Charles Schumer, D NY Chuck Grassley R IA Chair Olympia Snowe, R MA Jon Kyl, R AZ Craig Thomas, R WY Rick Santorum, R PN Bill Frist, R TN Gordon Smith, R OR Jim Bunning, R KY Mike Crapo, R ID Orrin Hatch, R UT Trent Lott, R MS The main sponsor was Byron Dorgan, D ND. Cosponsors were: Robert Menéndez [D-NJ] Harry Reid [D-NV] Russell Feingold [D-WI] Robert Byrd [D-WV] John Rockefeller [D-WV] 110th Congress In the 110th United States Congress (Jan 2007 to Jan 2009, both houses Democratic), the Senate bill was S. 367, and the House bills were HR 1910 and HR 1992. They all died in committee. 110th Congress - House version There were two bills, HR 1910 and HR 1992. Sherrod Brown had become a Senator in the 2006 Elections and so did not introduce the House version. HR 1910 was sponsored by Michael Michaud, D ME, and cosponsored by Christopher Smith, R NJ. It was introduced on Apr 18 2007. HR 1992 was sponsored by Michael Michaud, D ME, and cosponsored by 167 Democrats and 7 Republicans. It was introduced on May 2, 2007. HR 1992 went to the following House committees: Ways and Means Armed Services Government Reform Rules Energy and Commerce International Relations And the following subcommittees: Energy and Commerce -- Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection Ways and Means -- Subcommittee on Trade 110th Congress - Senate version S 367 died in committee. The committees involved were the US Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Subcommittee on Interstate Commerce, Trade, and Tourism. A Republican Senator, Lindsey Graham (SC), joined in introducing the bill. Byron Dorgan had this to say about the bill on January 29, 2007, in the Senate: I think we could all agree that American workers should not have to compete against the product of prison labor in China. I think we could all agree that if somebody is making socks in a Chinese prison, that is not fair competition for an American worker. So we don't have Chinese prison labor products come into this country. What about the product of sweatshop labor, where people are brought into sweatshops?   I will cite an example: A sweatshop in northern Jordan, airplanes flying in the Chinese and Bangladeshis, with Chinese textiles, being put in sweatshops in northern Jordan to produce products to ship into this country. Some were working 40-hour shifts, not a 40-hour week, 40 hours at a time. Some weren't paid for months. And then when they were paid, they were paid a pittance. Some were beaten.   Do we want that kind of product coming into this country? Is that whom we want American workers to compete with? I don't think so. This legislation is a first baby step toward some sanity in trying to make sure that what we are purchasing on the store shelves in our country is not the product of sweatshop labor overseas. We define what sweatshop labor is, what sweatshop conditions are. We establish a provision by the Federal Trade Commission to enforce, and we also allow American companies who are forced to compete against this unfairness to take action in American courts to seek recompense for the damages. On September 5: 2007: ... if we look at these issues in the context not of trying to destroy the advantages of a global economy but in the context of trying to make certain the protections we have developed for our country--protections that have allowed us to create a wonderful place in which to work and consume--if we can, with respect to our participation in the global economy, raise standards rather than lower ours - if we can do that, then we will have done something significant. But that is not what has been happening. What has been happening in this country is a race to the bottom, and a rush to embrace the refrain by some who want to produce where it is cheap and sell here and run their income through the Cayman Islands to avoid paying taxes, and they say, You know, we don't want any more regulations. I understand that. They want to avoid regulations. They want to avoid paying a decent wage. They want to go to offshore manufacturing platforms some place and produce little bracelets with little hearts that are made with 99 percent lead to ship into this country. That doesn't work. It won't work anymore. Somehow, as a country, we have to find a way to stop it. Committee members Members of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation were: Daniel Inouye D HI, Chair Jay Rockefeller D WV John Kerry D MA Byron Dorgan D ND Barbara Boxer D CA Bill Nelson D FL Maria Cantwell D WA Frank Lautenberg D NJ Mark Pryor D AR Tom Carper D DL Claire McCaskill D MO Amy Klobuchar D MN Kay Bailey Hutchison R TX, Ranking John McCain R AZ Trent Lott R MS Ted Stevens R AK Olympia Snowe R ME Gordon H. Smith R OR John Ensign R NV John E. Sununu R NH Jim DeMint R SC David Vitter R LA John Thune R SD Members of the Subcommittee on Interstate Commerce, Trade, and Tourism were: Byron Dorgan D ND, Chair Jay Rockefeller D WV John Kerry D MA Barbara Boxer D CA Maria Cantwell D WA Mark Pryor D AR Claire McCaskill D MO Jim DeMint R SC, Ranking John McCain R AZ Olympia Snowe R MA Gordon H. Smith R OR John Ensign R NV John E. Sununu R NH Sponsors The main sponsor was Byron Dorgan, D-ND Cosponsors were as follows: Patrick Leahy D-VT Bob Menendez D-NJ Benjamin Cardin D-MD Barbara Boxer D-CA Joe Biden D-DE Lindsey Graham R-SC Debbie Stabenow D-MI Russell Feingold D-WI John Kerry D-MA Dick Durbin D-IL Carl Levin D-MI Chuck Schumer D-NY Robert Byrd D-WV Sheldon Whitehouse D-RI John Reed D-RI Jim Webb D-VA Tom Harkin D-IA Sherrod Brown D-OH Hillary Clinton D-NY Bob Casey Jr. D-PA Evan Bayh D-IN Barack Obama D-IL Bernie Sanders I-VT Jay Rockefeller D-WV Frank Lautenberg D-NJ The source of this information is Govtrack.us. Notes Sources Govtrack THOMAS (Library of Congress) Congressional Record Proposed legislation of the 109th United States Congress Proposed legislation of the 110th United States Congress United States federal labor legislation

26218479

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20Swinger

Home Swinger

A Home Swinger is a musical instrument created by Yuri Landman. The instrument has 12 strings, an electronic pickup and a movable rod to alter the pitch of the instrument. Landman created the instrument for workshops at European festivals and venues, where participants built their own copy within four hours,. The instrument was also featured in the United States in a 2010 workshop at the Knitting Factory. At those events, Landman performed with the participants. The Home Swinger is derived from his Moodswinger and a DIY-version of this instrument. When played at one part of a string, the opposed part starts to resonate, depending on a predictable mathematical ratio of the strings' lengths divided by the rod. The instrument was nominated as one of the instruments for the second Guthman Musical Instrument Competition 2010 at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta. In 2010 the Musical Instrument Museum in Phoenix, Arizona, included a Home Swinger as well as a Moodswinger in their collection as two pieces of the Dutch section of musical instrument inventions. The Rotterdam based art space and music venue WORM owns a Home Swinger together with a series of other instruments made by Landman, in their music studio for their artist-in-residence program. References External links Home Swinger instrument on www.hypercustom.com Experimental string instruments Dutch inventions

36057875

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moovendhar

Moovendhar

Moovendhar (English : Three Crowned Kings) is a 1998 Tamil comedy film directed by Suraj (credited as C. G. Suraaj). The film features Sarath Kumar and Devayani in lead roles. The film, produced by N. Vishnuram, had musical score by Sirpy and was released on 12 January 1998 to negative reviews. Plot Manimaran (Sarath Kumar), his father Poochi (S. V. Ramadas), and his grandfather Nagappan (M. N. Nambiar) are short-tempered persons who beat the villagers for a simple quarrel. Only Manimaran's mother, Sivagami (Lakshmi), can control them. Uma (Rajeswari), Manimaran's sister, marries a man from another village. Manimaran falls in love with Vaidehi (Devayani), a Brahmin girl. Manimaran takes his father and grandfather to Vaidehi's house to ask her to marry him. Vaidehi's father (Delhi Ganesh) refuses that marriage proposal because of caste differences. Manimaran wants Vaidehi to be his wife somehow, for which his father and grandfather tell him an idea. Vaidehi goes to the temple for a prayer and Manimaran comes there. When the prayer is over and she opens her eyes, Manimaran stands in front of her and takes a thaali and ties it around Vaidehi's neck. Thus, Manimaran marries Vaidehi unexpectedly and she suddenly faints in shock. Vaidehi's father went to the police station to complain but to no avail. Manimaran's mother Sivagami welcomes Vaidehi, who has come home to live as a daughter-in-law, and changes her mind. That same night Manimaran and Vaidehi start their married life together on the first night. Vaidehi was not easily acquainted with her husband's house. In a fight against Manimaran, the antagonist becomes blind in one eye and decides to take revenge on Manimaran. When Manimaran drives his pregnant sister, the antagonist stops him but Manimaran beats the antagonist and his henchmen. Uma arrives too late at the hospital and dies with her baby. Vaidehi leaves their house because of her husband's behaviour who brings Uma's death. Manimaran changes his behaviour and tries to convince Vaidehi to come back home. Cast Sarath Kumar as Manimaran Devayani as Vaidehi Rajeswari as Uma Lakshmi as Sivagami Manivannan as Velu Nayakan Anandaraj as Velliangiri M. N. Nambiar as Nagappan S. V. Ramadoss as Poochi Delhi Ganesh as Vaidehi's father Anu Mohan as Dharmidasan Vichu Vishwanath as Vichu MLA Thangaraj as Vichu's father Suryakanth Anwar Ali Khan Halwa Vasu as Vettu (Housemaid) Chelladurai Pasi Narayanan as Iyer Vellai Subbaiah as Iyer T. K. S. Natarajan as Iyer Bonda Mani as Iyer Sabitha Anand as Vaidehi's sister Kovai Senthil as Astrologer Premi Radha Bhai as Vaidehi's grandmother Monica as Vaidehi's sister Joker Thulasi as Gurukkal Omakuchi Narasimhan Thiruppur Ramasamy as Irulappan 'Iyerkai Vaithiyer' G. K. as Velliangiri's uncle Theni Kunjarammal Pasi Sathya as Nurse Vijay Ganesh as Bus passenger Kavithasri (special appearance) Kalyan (special appearance) Manorama (guest appearance) Soundtrack The film score and the soundtrack were composed by film composer Sirpy. The soundtrack, released in 1998, features 7 tracks with lyrics written by Arivumathi, Palani Bharathi and Thavasimani. Reception Sureshbabu of indolink.com gave 1.5 out to 5 and described the film as "not worth it". References 1998 films Indian films Indian action drama films 1990s Tamil-language films Films scored by Sirpy 1990s action drama films

35807191

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%20Italian%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20doubles

2012 Italian Open – Women's doubles

Peng Shuai and Zheng Jie were the defending champions but decided not to defend the title together. Peng chose to play with Sabine Lisicki while Zheng played with Hsieh Su-wei. Both lost in the first round. Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci won the title by defeating Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina 6–2, 7–5 in the final. Seeds The top four seeds receive a bye into the second round. Draw Finals Top half Bottom half References Main Draw Italian Open - Doubles Women's Doubles

6574101

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOYE

WOYE

WOYE is a radio station on 97.3 FM. Licensed to Rio Grande, WOYE serves San Juan, Puerto Rico and the entire metropolitan area. The station carries a mix of the 1980s, 1990s, and modern English music. WOYE brands itself as Magic and it is owned by Magic Radio Networks. Logos References External links Official Website of Magic 97.3 OYE Radio stations established in 2003

51579600

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20issues%20in%20Bangladesh

Environmental issues in Bangladesh

Bangladesh, with an area of 147,570 km2, features a flood plain landscape and several river systems throughout the country. This landscape provides the major natural resources of water, land, fisheries, forests, and wildlife. The country currently faces several environmental issues which threaten these resources, including groundwater metal contamination, increased groundwater salinity, cyclones and flooding, and sedimentation and changing patterns of stream flow due to watershed mismanagement. Some of these, such as the changing patterns of stream flow and presence of lead in groundwater, can be directly correlated with human activity and industrial processes, while others, such as cyclones and flooding are naturally occurring issues. Many of these issues are further exacerbated by climate change, which causes increased occurrence of storms and cyclones and rising sea levels. According to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index, Bangladesh is the 43rd most vulnerable country to the effects of climate change, and the 37th least prepared country to address these effects. There has been some government actions taken to address these issues. Groundwater contamination Groundwater in Bangladesh, which is used as drinking water, is found to be contaminated with many heavy metals, including arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, and uranium. Of these, arsenic has been determined to be the most significant health issue, with about 49% of the water being likely contaminated with concentrations above the WHO guidelines, affecting 35 to 77 million people within the country. Arsenic contamination of shallow groundwater is a natural occurring problem that has been further made worse by the use of tube wells, which extract groundwater. Since the 1970s, the government started instituting the use of shallow tube wells to avoid the consumption of surface water, which is often contaminated with various bacteria. These tube wells, however, reached the arsenic-contaminated groundwater. This issue is more prevalent in inland areas and for rural areas, where 97% of the population uses tube wells. Health effects of consumption of arsenic-contaminated water include skin pigmentation changes and lesions, which could be a precursor to skin cancer. It can also cause lung and bladder consumption, as well as developmental effects, neurotoxicity, diabetes, pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease. Lead contamination has been found to be high in areas around Dhaka. It has been postulated that this is due to the many industries in the area, including battery recycling facilities. The Department of Environment found more than 1200 industrial sites that caused significant pollution. Reasons for the additional metal contamination include mining and agricultural activity. The presence of lead in the water affects the environment, as well as human health. The presence of lead in soil also led to a concentration of lead in the leaves of plants grown in the area. In coastal areas, the heavy metal contamination has also had an effect in marine life and the local ecology. This, in turn, affects the economic output of the region that relies partly on aquaculture. For instance, high levels of metals may affect the reproductive capabilities of the native ecology or contaminate the fish. If the fish have too high levels of metals, a fisher may not be able to sell it for consumption. If a consumer eats fish with high levels of metal contamination, he is at risk for health issues, such as cancer, kidney failure, or various metal poisoning. There is also a possibility that fish will move further away from these areas, to avoid the toxic areas, which would also affect the livelihood of the fishermen in the area. There has been some effort by the government to provide deeper tube wells that are clearly marked as arsenic free, as well as by various NGOs to provide filters to remove the heavy metal contaminants. Groundwater salinity In the coastal regions of Bangladesh, which make up 32% of the land in the country, there are problems of salinity due to high tides and reduced flow in rivers during the dry season. There is already a natural seasonal fluctuation of rising levels of salt water. During the dry season, a salt water front rises 240 km. This affects the salinity of the groundwater in the countryside. This effect is predicted to be more severe in the future because of climate change, because of rising sea levels. As a result, sea water will leak further into freshwater zones, which will have a broad reaching effect on the flora and fauna of the region that depends on the presence of fresh water. For example, if the sea level rises 88 cm, the water 40 km inland will be contaminated with a 5 ppt saline front. This would specifically affect the only freshwater region of the Tetulia River, the Meghna Estuary. The salinity level in the Meghna Estuary, the largest estuarine system in Bangladesh, may become too high to sustain agriculture and pisciculture. It could also lead to the extinction of some of the endangered species of the Estuary. In addition to affecting the natural flora and fauna of regions of coastal Bangladesh, increased salinity could also affect the soil salinity, and therefore the agriculture output of the regions. This trend has already been seen in coastal regions like Satkhira, where the net area of cultivated land decreased by 7% from 1996 to 2008. Rice production was particular affected, decreasing from 0.3 million tons to 0.1 million tons from 2008 to 2010. If the sea levels rise as predicted in a "moderate" climate scenario, Bangladesh is predicted to produce 0.2 million fewer crops. This number is predicted to be doubled for a "severe" climate scenario. This issue affects both the economic stability of regions that rely mostly on rice growth for income and the lifestyle and eating habits of a region that relies on a rice-based diet. Additionally, poorer families tend to be disproportionately affected by the issue of groundwater salinity. Cyclones and flooding The coastal region of Bangladesh is especially prone to cyclones. Between 1793 and 1996, there has been one cyclone about every 4.5 years. This has a detrimental effect on the local environment, as well as on families and their property. For instance, a cyclone that hit in 1970 caused 300,000 deaths and US$86.4 million of property damage. Cyclones can detrimentally affect the food production of the area. In 1991, a cyclone caused the destruction of 60% of the cattle stock in the affected area, 80% of the poultry stock in the affected area, and exposed 72,000 ha of rice paddies to salt water. Cyclones can cause storm surges, which further affect those who live in coastal areas. Furthermore, it adds to the flooding that the area is already prone to. 20 to 22% of the land is flooded between June and October. Studies by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have shown that climate change and the resulting rising sea levels would further exacerbate this. For example, a 45 cm increase in sea level would result in 75% of the mangrove forest area being flooded. Furthermore, increased sedimentation in the watersheds may lead to more flooding. Flooding has been cited as one of the "main obstacle[s] to the economic improvement of the nation". It affects the agricultural economy and the food security of the nation, since almost 74% of the land is cultivated. If significant portions of this land becomes flooded, it cannot be used for to produce agricultural products. Flooding tends to disproportionately affect the poorer more, with the poor being 2.5 times more likely to be "severely distress[ed]" during flooding than the wealthy. Watershed management The effect of increased human and animal population, as well as land use in the Himalayan Mountains have caused soil erosion, which could have resulted in the extra deposition of sediments in the Bangladesh watersheds. This may have effects on the soil composition near the watershed and the propensity of the area to flood. While Eckholm and Myers have proposed a now popular theory that there is a direct causal relationship between deforestation in Nepal and higher flooding in the Bangladesh watersheds, there is not enough evidence to determine whether or not this is true. Improper watershed management does lead to sedimentation in reservoirs and changing patterns of stream flow. Sedimentation in reservoirs effects the turbidity of the reservoir, and erosion patterns along the river. It also presents a cost to the government who has to dredge the rivers of its sediments. In Bangladesh, the government has to remove 0.8 million cubic meters of maintenance dredging and 2 million cubic meters of capital dredging per year. Since scientists do not unanimously agree the degree to which watershed management affects patterns of stream flow and flooding, it is difficult determine the extent of this effect. Government response to environmental issues In a study on the popular response to climate change, Bahauddin et al. found that many citizens had heard of climate change, but often thought it simply meant the symptoms of climate change (i.e. flooding, storms, drought). The likelihood that a respondent noticed the effects of climate change seemed dependent on whether or not the person's livelihood was sensitive to the climate. Many of the respondents believed that a governmental "safety net program" could be a possible solution to climate change. In response to the environmental issues that the country faces, the Bangladeshi government formed the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 1989, which addresses these issues and considers the role of climate change in the country's development. MoEF oversees the Department of Environment and Forest Department, which enforce environmental law and protect the natural biodiversity in the country respectively. In Bahauddin's study, they round many citizens were not aware of any plans, governmental or non-governmental, to address the effect of climate change. There has also been efforts by local government to address climate change related issues. For instance, some local governments have invested in shelters to reduce cyclone-related mortalities. People's perception on impact of salinity on trees and agricultural crops in the coastal area of Bangladesh shows salinity negatively affects the growth of plant species greatly. Forests Bangladesh had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.45/10, ranking it 101st globally out of 172 countries. References Economy of Bangladesh Environment of Bangladesh Politics of Bangladesh

27454084

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Haunting%20of%20Hiram%20C.%20Hopgood

The Haunting of Hiram C. Hopgood

The Haunting of Hiram C. Hopgood is a children's novel written in 1987 by Eva Ibbotson. The main characters are Alex and Helen and, of course, the ghosts. There is also Helen's father, the ghost of a hand and a sinister trio. 1987 British novels 1987 children's books British children's novels Novels by Eva Ibbotson Ghost novels

55549581

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reveries%20of%20a%20Solitary%20Walker%20%28film%29

Reveries of a Solitary Walker (film)

Reveries of a Solitary Walker (Italian: Fantasticherie di un passeggiatore solitario), also known as Reveries of a Lonely Walker and Reveries of a Solitary Stroller, is a 2014 Italian live-action/claymation fantasy film directed by Paolo Gaudio, inspired by Reveries of a Solitary Walker by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. It was screened at the Sci-Fi-London festival, and later released in the US by Uncork’d Entertainment. Plot 1876. Jean Jacques Renou is a penniless old writer who writes the novel Reveries of a Lonely Walker, centered on the fantastic story of a child lost in the woods. Nowadays, the philosophy student Theo discovers Renou's novel, which has remained unfinished, and is so obsessed with it that he tries to bring it to fruition. Awards 2014 La Samain du Cinéma Fantastique: Grand Prix du Festival 2015: Fantafestival: Mario Bava award Boston Science Fiction Film Festival: Best World Film Fantastic Cinema, Little Rock: Audience Award TOHorror Film Fest, Turin: Best Film and Antonio Margheriti Prize for Creativity FKM – Festival de cinema fantástico da Coruña: Best Visual Effects and Best Soundtrack by Sandro Di Stefano Premio Cinearti La chioma di Berenice: Best Soundtrack 2017 MedFF Mediterranean Film Festival: Best Animation See also List of animated feature films of 2014 References External links Italian animated films Italian films Italian fantasy films Films based on books 2010s fantasy films 2010s stop-motion animated films Films with live action and animation

69495826

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osvaldo%20Giannini

Osvaldo Giannini

Osvaldo Giannini Iñíguez (6 April 1934−1 September 1999) was a Chilean lawyer and politician who served as deputy. References External Links Course Hero Profile 1934 births 1999 deaths Living people Chilean people of Italian descent 20th-century Chilean politicians Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso alumni National Falange politicians Christian Democratic Party (Chile) politicians Christian Left (Chile) politicians People from Valparaíso

41878370

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metarctia%20haematica

Metarctia haematica

Metarctia haematica is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Jacob Holland in 1893. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda. References Metarctia Moths described in 1893

34730123

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Cost%20of%20Art

The Cost of Art

"The Cost of Art" is the fourth episode of the American television series, Smash. The episode aired on February 27, 2012. Plot When Derek (Jack Davenport) hosts a party for young teen star Lyle West (guest star Nick Jonas), Eileen (Anjelica Huston) seizes the opportunity to try a new strategy for raising funds. Karen (Katharine McPhee) learns how to increase her chances of success in the high-stakes world of Broadway and Tom (Christian Borle) goes on a special first date. Production Nick Jonas was announced to guest star on the show on October 11, 2011. His character of Lyle West is described as "a hot sitcom star who started his career as a child actor in a Broadway show written by Tom (Christian Borle) and directed by Derek (Jack Davenport)." The release also mentioned that Jonas will sing in the episode. Two cover songs and two originals are featured in the episode. Katharine McPhee performs Adele's "Rumour Has It" and Jonas performs "Haven't Met You Yet", which was originally sung by Michael Bublé. In addition, two original songs from Marilyn featured in the episode include "History is Made at Night" performed by Megan Hilty and the ensemble and "I Never Met a Wolf Who Didn't Love to Howl", also performed by Hilty. Additionally, snippets of "The 20th Century Fox Mambo" from "The Callback" and "Let's Be Bad" from the then upcoming episode of the same name could be heard in some of the rehearsal scenes. On February 27, only "Haven't Met You Yet" and "I Never Met a Wolf Who Didn't Love to Howl" were released as singles. Reception Ratings Ratings for this episode were on par with the previous week's episode. It achieved 2.3 18–49 rating, but viewership increased from 6.5 million viewers to 6.6 viewers. Including the DVR ratings, the episode was viewed with a total of 3.4 ratings in 18–49 demographics and 9.05 million viewers. Critical response The episode received positive reviews from critics. Robert Bianco of USA Today called it the "best episode since [the series]' pilot". Maddie Furlong of The Huffington Post said the episode contained "just the right amount of momentum to get the story going again and a dash of over-the-top attitude." TV Guide's Damian Holbrook especially praised Karen's storyline. References 2012 American television episodes Smash (TV series) episodes

62510980

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another%20Evil

Another Evil

Another Evil is a 2016 comedy horror film that was written and directed by Carson Mell. The movie had its world debut on March 12, 2016 at the South by Southwest Film Festival and stars Steve Zissis, a man who hires a ghost hunter (Mark Proksch) to rid his house of ghosts but finds that he instead wishes to rid himself of the hunter. Synopsis During a trip to their cabin in the woods so that the father Dan can work on his paintings, the Papadakis family experiences supernatural phenomenon that prompts them to seek out someone who can rid their house of ghosts. The first person they hire, the laid back Joey, confirms that their house is haunted by two ghosts but tells them that there is no need to get rid of them, as the ghosts are benign and the phenomenon was only them trying to make contact. Unhappy with this, Dan chooses to hire demonologist Os on the recommendation of his friend George, who claims that Os can effectively exorcise ghosts. Dan chooses to remain in the cabin with Os, who proves to be a very eccentric person prone to over-imbibing and periodic rages fueled in part by his impending divorce. His actions periodically make Dan uncomfortable, however the two bond one night after Os captures one of the two ghosts. Os tells Dan a story about how he caught gonorrhea from the Devil, who appeared to him as a beautiful woman, and Dan confesses that his paintings, which depict a black circle in the middle of a canvas, have no deep meaning to them despite the public claims stating otherwise. Eventually Os's actions become too much and Dan deliberately lies that the remaining ghost left the home due to Os's actions. The two celebrate by drinking aged canned wine, however the following day Os claims that the second ghost has returned. Dan admits that he lied due to Os's strange actions and states that the two are not really friends, which hurts the other man. Shortly thereafter Os comes to the conclusion that Dan accidentally opened up a portal to another realm, bringing over a demon that possessed Dan's son Jazz. Unconvinced, Dan demands that Os leave the cabin, only to be knocked out and tied up. While he is unconscious Dan's wife Mary and son Jazz arrive at the cabin and are also captured and handcuffed. Os makes several attempts to exorcise Jazz using wind-up toys and cards featuring naked women, which bewilders Jazz, who claims that he is not possessed. Upset that he is not making any headway, Os calls a priest for advice and is advised to kill the demon inside Jazz. He chooses to do so by burying Jazz alive as he had several other items during the course of the film to supposedly rid them of their power. Left alone in the cabin, Mary and Dan witness the supposedly captured ghost wander into the room and drop the handcuff key, implying that Os is not actually able to get rid of ghosts. Now free, Dan manages to overpower Os and free his son just as the police arrive. The film ends with Dan and his family going to the hospital for care and Os in jail. Cast Steve Zissis as Dan Papadakis Mark Proksch as Os Bijourn Jennifer Irwin as Mary Papadakis Dax Flame as Jasper 'Jazz' Papadakis Dan Bakkedahl as Joey Lee Dansing Steve Little as George Release Another Evil had its world premiere at the South by Southwest Film Festival on March 12, 2016. This was followed by a home video release on Blu-ray and DVD on July 18, 2017 through Dark Sky Films. Reception Critical reception for Another Evil has been mixed and the film holds a rating of 65% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 23 reviews. Common criticism for the film centered upon the mixture of horror and comedy, which Trace Thurman of Bloody Disgusting has stated is "one of the most difficult sub-genres to pull off" and that Another Evil did not do successfully. The performances of Zissis and Proksch were more favorably received by reviewers for outlets such as Collider and RogerEbert.com. Gareth Jones of Dread Central gave Another Evil 3 1/2 stars, noting that it wasn't as successful as the movie Creep as "the threat doesn’t quite feel as prevalent here, with the film definitely erring more often on the funny side – but it remains a highly entertaining, subtly tense jaunt through genre-tinged territory and is more than deserving of your attention." Dennis Harvey of Variety was also critical, writing that "It doesn’t bore, but at 90 minutes it lacks the kind of heft, hilarity or other assertive quality that render its pleasant-enough progress memorable." References External links 2016 films 2016 comedy horror films 2016 comedy films

45228915

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975%20in%20Iraq

1975 in Iraq

The following lists events that happened during 1975 in Iraq. Incumbents President: Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Prime Minister: Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Vice President: Saddam Hussein Vice President: Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf Events March March 1 - An Iraqi Airways airliner was hijacked by three Kurdish gunmen, shortly after taking off from Mosul to Baghdad with 93 people on board. The hijackers (Ahmad Hasan, Taha Naimi and Faud al-Qeitan) demanded that 85 Kurdish political prisoners be released, that they receive five million dollars, and that they be flown to Iran. After the plane made a forced landing in Tehran on a blocked runway, a gunbattle ensued between Iraqi security guards onboard and the gunmen. One passenger were killed and ten others wounded, including Hasan, who later died of his wounds. Taimi and al-Qeitan were executed a month later by a firing squad in Iran. March 6 - Iran and Iraq announced a settlement in their border dispute, at a meeting of the OPEC nations in Algiers. The Shah of Iran signed on behalf of his nation, while Iraq was represented by Saddam Hussein, an aide to President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and future President of Iraq. The meeting was overseen by Algerian President Houari Boumediene. Iraq agreed to drop claims to half of the Shatt al-Arab, while Iran agreed not to supply weapons to Kurdish separatists in northern Iraq. References 1970s in Iraq Years of the 20th century in Iraq Iraq Iraq

68282404

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio%20Isamit

Julio Isamit

Julio Isamit Díaz (born 18 August 1989) is a Chilean politician and lawyer. In 2006, he was part of the Pingüino Movement (2006). He was named Minister of National Assets on 28 October 2019 amid the 2019–20 social crisis («Estallido Social»). His surname is of Arab Maltese origin. References External links 1989 births Living people Chilean people of Arab descent Instituto Nacional General José Miguel Carrera alumni Pontifical Catholic University of Chile alumni 21st-century Chilean politicians Independent Democratic Union politicians People from Santiago Government ministers of Chile

43339443

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20O%27Brien%20%28Australian%20politician%29

Patrick O'Brien (Australian politician)

Patrick O'Brien (1817 – 12 April 1887) was a wine and spirit merchant and politician in colonial Victoria, a member of the Victorian Legislative Council and later, the inaugural Victorian Legislative Assembly. Early life O'Brien was born in Shanna-golden, Limerick, Ireland. Colonial Australia O'Brien arrived in New South Wales in 1838 and Port Phillip District in 1840. In August 1853 he was elected to the unicameral Victorian Legislative Council for Kilmore, Kyneton and Seymour, a seat he held until the original Council was abolished in March 1856. O'Brien was elected to the seat of South Bourke in the first Victorian Legislative Assembly in November 1856, a seat he held until August 1859 when he lost his bid to be re-elected. O'Brien died in London, England, he married twice. References 1810 births 1882 deaths Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly Members of the Victorian Legislative Council People from County Limerick Irish emigrants to Australia 19th-century Australian politicians

232729

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic%20Civilizations

Galactic Civilizations

Galactic Civilizations is a turn-based strategy video game developed by Stardock and released in March 2003. The game is a remake of an OS/2 series of the same name. An expansion pack entitled Altarian Prophecy was released in 2004. A sequel, Galactic Civilizations II: Dread Lords, was released February 21, 2006. On May 14, 2015, Stardock released Galactic Civilizations III. Gameplay The goal of the game is to eventually dominate the galaxy. It is possible to achieve victory through war, cultural domination, diplomacy or by developing overwhelming advanced technology. Story The game is set in the future. Humankind has made contact with the 5 other major alien races. Space travel is risky and expensive, requiring huge jump gates which only permit travel between two specific points. Because space travel is so difficult, the galaxy remains mostly uncolonized. The humans make a great discovery—hyperdrive. It permits fast travel between any two stars. The humans share their discovery with the other five major races. All communication stops. The humans consider that sharing their discovery may have been a mistake. Now that the galaxy is open for exploration, there's going to be a rush to claim all the uncolonized worlds. Development Galactic Civilizations was first developed for OS/2 in April 1993 by Brad Wardell. Although revenue from the initial OS/2 release was never paid by the bankrupt publisher, popular support encouraged Stardock to release Shipyards, an add-on pack that allowed users to design their own starships, and this provided enough revenue to support further development, with a simplified version being sold to IBM in 1995 as Star Emperor. The game sold above 30,000 units for OS/2. Galactic Civilizations II was released later that year, adding several new concepts and tweaks. It was followed by another version of Shipyards (which added both the ship design feature and improved governors/AI), and an expansion pack in April 1997, before Stardock was forced to withdraw from significant OS/2 development with the loss of their market. It is possible to run OS/2 versions of the game under emulation using Virtual PC. Expansion pack An expansion pack, called Galactic Civilizations: Altarian Prophecy, was released in 2004. Reception Galactic Civilizations The game received "generally favorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. By December 2005, the game had sold 75,000 copies, which Computer Gaming Worlds Bruce Geryk called "impressive" for its genre. According to writer Greg Costikyan, the game's sales had surpassed 100,000 units by 2008. Galactic Civilizations was named the ninth-best computer game of 2003 by Computer Games Magazine, and it won the publication's "Best AI" award, tying with Halo: Combat Evolved. A writer for the magazine called it "the sort of game that will still be on your hard drive when all the other games you are playing right now are gathering dust on a shelf." The editors of Computer Gaming World nominated Galactic Civilizations for their 2003 "Strategy Game of the Year" award, which ultimately went to Age of Wonders: Shadow Magic. They wrote that they "found it impossible to ignore the [game's] almost overwhelming depth of strategy". Altarian Prophecy The Altarian Prophecy expansion pack received "favorable" reviews, although slightly less than the original, according to Metacritic. References Stardock's OS/2 history by Brad Wardell External links 2003 video games 4X video games Fictional civilizations Indie video games Milky Way in fiction OS/2 games Science fiction video games Space opera video games Stardock games Strategy First games Turn-based strategy video games Video games developed in the United States Video games with expansion packs Windows games

5536255

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton%20Lovell

Fulton Lovell

Fulton Lovell (August 3, 1913 – September 23, 1980), a native and resident of Rabun County, Georgia, was the director of the Georgia Game and Fish Commission from 1949 until 1963. During his tenure as Game and Fish chief, he directed successful efforts to re-establish wild turkey and white-tailed deer throughout much of Georgia. These game species had been virtually eliminated from Georgia forests due to over-hunting and habitat destruction during the early part of the twentieth century. In the early 1960s, Lovell envisioned a camping and recreation area on Lake Burton to serve an increasing number of boaters and fishermen on the scenic Blue Ridge Mountain reservoir, and land acquisition efforts soon began. Some land parcels were purchased from private owners. Other property was conveyed to the State of Georgia by the Georgia Power Company, Lake Burton's primary owner and operator. In 1963, Moccasin Creek Campground was opened by the Game and Fish Commission under the management of personnel from the adjacent Lake Burton Fish Hatchery. The new lakeside camping area was hugely popular from the beginning and in 1966, after being transferred from the Game and Fish Commission to the Georgia State Parks Department, the area was officially designated Moccasin Creek State Park. Lovell was elected to represent the 6th District in the Georgia State House of Representatives in 1966. After one term in the state legislature, Lovell joined the Georgia Department of Labor and was named Assistant Director of the department's Employment Security Agency. He retired from the Department of Labor in 1977. Lovell died after a long battle with thyroid cancer on September 23, 1980. On May 16, 1993, a waterfront pavilion at Moccasin Creek State Park was dedicated as the Fulton Lovell Assembly Shelter to honor Lovell's years of state government service. External links State of Georgia People from Rabun County, Georgia 1913 births 1980 deaths

25968658

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callionymus%20draconis

Callionymus draconis

Callionymus draconis, the Japanese spiny dragonet, is a species of dragonet native to temperate regions of the Indian and Pacific oceans around Japan and western Australia where it occurs at depths of around . This species grows to a length of SL. References D Fish described in 1977

55436108

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred%20of%20Noarlunga

Hundred of Noarlunga

The Hundred of Noarlunga is a cadastral unit of hundred in South Australia covering the far south-western Adelaide metropolitan area south and west of the Sturt River and north and west of the Onkaparinga River. It is one of the eleven hundreds of the County of Adelaide stretching from Glenelg in the northwest to Port Noarlunga in the southwest; and spanning inland between the Sturt and Onkaparinga to Bridgewater in the Adelaide foothills. It was named in 1846 by Governor Frederick Robe, Noarlunga being likely derived from 'nurlongga', an indigenous word referring to the curvature in the Onkaparinga River at Old Noarlunga, dubbed Horseshoe Bend by European settlers. Etymology Contemporary Australian linguists believe the name "Noarlunga" is derived from the Kaurna nurlo (corner/curve/bend) + ngga (place). Early South Australian Christian missionaries, Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schürmann, recorded this meaning of the word in 1840, among about 2000 translations of local Indigenous words. The Australasian Biospecimen Network Association (ABNA) records Noarlunga as meaning "fishing place", as suggested by various early South Australian historians and repeated by some official sources, such as the City of Onkaparinga and the state government land titles office. However, from the 2010s, expert opinion has favoured the "curve" translation. Local government In the north of the hundred, the District Council of Brighton (later called the City of Marion) was established at Brighton and Marion in 1853. The Town of Glenelg municipality was established at Glenelg in 1855, closely followed by the Town of Brighton (by secession from the district council) in 1858. In 1886 the district council changed its name to District Council of Marion to avoid confusion with the Town of Brighton. The two seaside township councils governed the northern coastal tip of the hundred until 1997 when they merged to form the City of Holdfast Bay. Beside them, Marion council gained city status in the 1940s as the Adelaide metropolis extended southwards and urbanisation took hold throughout the entire council area. In the south of the hundred the District Council of Morphett Vale was established on 10 November 1853. Seated at Morphett Vale it initially the coastal strip between the southern boundary of Marion council and the Onkaparinga River. In 1856 the District Council of Noarlunga was established from parts of Morphett Vale, north of the Onkaparinga, and Willunga council, south of the river. In 1932 Morphett Vale council was dissolved, and the lands were added to Noarlunga council. In the east of the hundred the District Council of Clarendon was established along with the earliest district councils in the state in 1853. The District Council of Echunga had also been established in 1853 governing a portion in the far east of the hundred and, in 1883, this part was severed along with the south-eastern fringe of the District Council of Mitcham to form the District Council of Stirling. In 1935 Clarendon council was dissolved with parts being annexed to Noarlunga, Willunga and Stirling councils, but the greater part being amalgamated with the council of Echunga, Kondoparinga and Macclesfield to form the new District Council of Meadows, later called the City of Happy Valley and seated at O'Halloran Hill. In 1997 the Noarlunga council was amalgamated with Happy Valley and Willunga to form the City of Onkaparinga, uniting most of the south and east of the hundred under one local government. In the same year the Stirling council was amalgamated with other councils to the north to form the much larger Adelaide Hills Council. The following local government areas of South Australia are situated inside (or largely inside) the bounds of the hundred : City of Holdfast Bay City of Marion City of Onkaparinga (that part north of Onkaparinga River) Adelaide Hills Council (southern tip east of Cherry Gardens and Clarendon between the Sturt and Onkaparinga rivers to the South Eastern Freeway at Stirling and Bridgewater) See also Lands administrative divisions of South Australia Old Noarlunga, South Australia Port Noarlunga, South Australia References Noarlunga

68869569

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euchomenella%20apicalis

Euchomenella apicalis

Euchomenella macrops is a species of mantis in the family Deroplatyidae. It is found on the islands of Sumatra and Java in Indonesia. References Deroplatyinae Insects of Indonesia Insects described in 1922

47322459

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JBQ

JBQ

JBQ may refer to: La Isabela International Airport (IATA code JBQ) Jewish Bible Quarterly

10646891

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho%20State%20Journal

Idaho State Journal

The Idaho State Journal is daily newspaper published in Pocatello, Idaho, United States, that serves southeast Idaho, including Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Caribou, Franklin, Power, and Oneida counties. The paper has a circulation of 17,116 daily (17,825 on Sundays) and is published by Travis Quast, with Ian Fennell as managing editor. History The periodical began it existence as a political publication in 1890, as the Pocatello Tribune. On January 6, 1893, it became a newspaper with a weekly printing. Over the ensuing years it increased publication to twice weekly, and then thrice weekly. In March 1897 a failed attempt was made to print daily editions. However, that endeavor became successful several years later and the newspaper has published daily since March 17, 1902. On April 28, 1924, the Idaho State Journal began publication, but the Pocatello Tribune purchased that periodical in 1932. Thereafter, the Idaho State Journal continued as the morning edition of the Pocatello Tribune. However, due to the newsprint shortages during World War II, printing of the Idaho State Journal was suspended in 1942. Like many others newspapers, the Idaho State Journal changed ownership multiple times during its early existence. The current Idaho State Journal became a reality on October 1, 1949, when it merged with another newspaper (the Pocatello Post), which had begun in 1947. By then, the newspaper was owned by the Scripps League Newspapers. After several changes in operating sites, the newspaper moved to its current location on South Arthur Avenue in 1951. Over three decades later, Scripps League Newspapers sold its interest in the newspaper to the Pioneer News Group in 1984. Another three decades later, the Pioneer New Group sold its papers to Adams Publishing Group in 2017. See also List of newspapers in Idaho References External links Adams Publishing Group Newspapers published in Idaho Daily newspapers published in the United States Publications established in 1890 Pocatello, Idaho

27675678

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Gilles%20Watson

Herbert Gilles Watson

Herbert Gilles Watson, (30 March 1889 – 29 March 1942) was an Australian flying ace of the First World War credited with 14 aerial victories. He was the highest scoring New Zealand-born ace in the Australian Flying Corps, and the fourth highest scorer in his squadron. Early life and service Although born in New Zealand, Watson was a clerk working in Sydney, Australia, at the outbreak of war. He enlisted in No. 2 Troop of the Australian Army Signal Corps on 28 October 1914. He left Australia in December 1914, sailing for the Middle East; he trained in Egypt. He served at Gallipoli in 1915, and was medically evacuated with wounds, to England. Aerial service Watson transferred to the Australian Flying Corps in 1917, and was trained in England. On 5 February 1918, he was assigned to 4 Squadron AFC as a Sopwith Camel pilot. He drove an Albatros D.V down out of control for his first victory, on 19 April 1918. He steadily accumulated triumphs, shooting down eight aircraft by the end of June. Watson was subsequently awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) in mid-July. His final tally was three enemy observation balloons destroyed, including one set afire; four enemy fighters destroyed; an enemy observation plane destroyed in conjunction with Lieutenant Elwyn King; four enemy fighters and an observation plane driven down out of control. As he completed his string of wins, he was appointed a flight commander with the rank of captain. After World War I Postwar, Watson became a horse breeder in Victoria. He died on 29 March 1942 in Victoria, Australia; his will named his widow, Rosalie Grace Watson, as executor of his estate. Honours and awards Text of citation for Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) Notes References 1889 births 1942 deaths Australian aviators Australian World War I flying aces Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)

60003869

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elman%20Huseynov

Elman Huseynov

Elman Huseynov oglu Suleyman (; 28 February 1952, Azadkarakoyunlu, Tartar, Azerbaijan SSR – 14 January 1993, Azadkarakoyunlu, Tartar, Azerbaijan) was an Azerbaijani commander, National Hero of Azerbaijan. Early life and education Huseynov was born in Azadkarakoyunlu village of Tartar on February 28, 1952. He studied at the local secondary school from 1958 to 1968. He was admitted to the Hydromelioration faculty of Azerbaijan State Polytechnics Institute in 1968 and graduated in 1973 with a degree in engineering. He served as a lieutenant in Akhalkalaki of the Georgian SSR from 1973 to 1975. He studied at Baku Supreme Party School from 1980 to 1982. He worked as the Chairman of the People Control Committee of Tartar District from 1982 to 1985, the First Deputy Chairman of Tartar District People's Deputies Executive Committee from 1985 to 1988, Chief of the Tartarchay Hydroxide Exploitation Office from 1988 to 1990 and then as an instructor at the Regional Party Committee. He was elected to Regional Soviet several times. He graduated from the National Economy Management Institute under the Cabinet of Ministers with Honors Diploma. He was married, had three children. First Nagorno-Karabakh war Although he worked at high level state positions, he applied to the Ministry of Defense regarding voluntarily establishment of the tabor for defense of Tartar in 1991; he was the Chief of Tartar Self-Defense Headquarters in September 1991, Commander of the territorial Self-Defense Battalion in November 1991. He took an active part in the clashes for Aghdara and surrounding settlements against the Armenian soldiers. A number of soldiers of Armenian side were killed and their technical equipment were damaged as a result of the battle operations under his personal leadership. He was injured at the battles twice. On January 14, 1993, he died in a battle around the village of Vank. Honors Elman Huseynov oglu Suleyman was posthumously awarded the honorary title of the "National Hero of Azerbaijan" under Presidential Decree No. 262, dated January 15, 1995. He was buried in Garagoyunlu village of Tartar District. One of the streets in Tartar District and a museum were named after him. See also First Nagorno-Karabakh War List of National Heroes of Azerbaijan References Further reading Vugar Asgerov. National Heroes of Azerbaijan (Yenidən işlənmiş II nəşr). Bakı: "Dərələyəz-M", 2010, səh. 120. Hüseynov Elman Elman Hüseynov Tofig Yusif "Ölümlə üz-üzə", Hüquq Ədəbiyyatı-2008. ("Əbədiyaşarlıq" oçerki) səh.20-21. 1952 births 1993 deaths Azerbaijani military personnel Azerbaijani military personnel of the Nagorno-Karabakh War Azerbaijani military personnel killed in action National Heroes of Azerbaijan People from Tartar District

2394647

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%B3s

Ocós

Ocós is a municipality in the San Marcos Department of Guatemala. It is situated on the Pacific Ocean coast, very close to the border with Mexico at altitude and two big rivers: the Suchiate and the Naranjo rivers. On 23 January 2014, it lost about 2/3 of its territory when La Blanca was named the thirtieth San Marcos Department municipality. History 1897 Quetzaltenango Revolt In September 1897, after the failure of both the interoceanic railroad and the Central American Expo and the deep economic crisis that Guatemala was facing after the plummeting of both coffee and silver international prices, Quetzaltengo people raised in arms against the decision of present José María Reina Barrios to extend his presidential term until 1902. A group of rebels, among them a former Secretary of Reina Barrios's cabinet - Próspero Morales - began to combat on 7 September 1897 attacking San Marcos; after several battles and some gains in Ocós, Coatepeque and Colomba, the rebels were definitely defeated on 4 October 1897. As a result, on 23 October 1897, San Pedro Sacatepéquez became the capital of San Marcos Department. Secession of La Blanca On 23 January 2014, La Blanca split from Ocós after the Congress of Guatemala approved the separation by 115 of 158 possible. This meant that Ocós lost both 66% of its territory and population. Climate Ocós has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw). See also La Aurora International Airport Tapachula International Airport Notes and references References External links Municipalities of the San Marcos Department Surfing locations

2633030

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Mackay

Dave Mackay

David Craig Mackay (14 November 1934 – 2 March 2015) was a Scottish football player and manager. Mackay was best known for a highly successful playing career with Heart of Midlothian, the Double-winning Tottenham Hotspur side of 1961, and winning the league with Derby County as a manager. He also represented Scotland 22 times, and was selected for their 1958 FIFA World Cup squad. Mackay tied with Tony Book of Manchester City for the Football Writers' Association's Footballer of the Year award in 1969 and was later listed by the Football League in their "100 Legends", as well as being an inaugural inductee to both the English and Scottish Football Halls of Fame. He was described, by Tottenham Hotspur, as one of their greatest players and was known as 'the heartbeat' of their most successful ever team. Early life Mackay was born in Edinburgh. His father was a printer who worked for The Scotsman newspaper. As a young footballer, he was a Scottish Schoolboy internationalist. Club career Heart of Midlothian Mackay supported Hearts as a boy. He signed as a professional in 1952, initially on a part-time basis as he also worked as joiner. Mackay was given his first team debut in November 1953. He would be paired with John Cumming at wing half, which was to become the core of the team. Mackay was a talented all-round player; a strong tackler, physically fit and had good technique with the ball. Cumming's Iron Man nickname says much of his determination. Despite his commitment he retained control of his temper and was never booked in his career. Cumming was the only player to collect medals for all seven of the trophies Hearts won under manager Tommy Walker. "He never had a bad game. It was either a fairly good game or an excellent game," said Mackay later of his former teammate. Both went on to become full Scotland internationals while playing for Hearts. Mackay was given a regular place in the team in the 1954–55 season, with Freddie Glidden now playing at centre-half. Hearts won their first trophy since 1906, 48 years before, as they beat Motherwell 4–2 in the 1954 Scottish League Cup Final. This would be the first of seven trophies over nine seasons between 1954 and 1963. After signing Alex Young and Bobby Kirk, Walker's side proceeded to win the 1955–56 Scottish Cup. They thrashed Rangers 4–0 in the quarter finals with goals from Crawford, Conn and a Bauld double. Mackay completed the set of Scottish domestic honours by winning the league championship in 1957–58. Jimmy Wardhaugh was the league's top goalscorer with 28, while Jimmy Murray and Alex Young also scored more than 20. Mackay was fourth in Hearts' league scoring charts, with 12. Hearts won that League title in 1957–58 with record-breaking points, goals scored and goal difference totals. Their record from 34 league games of 62 points out of a maximum possible 68 was 13 more than their nearest rival. They scored 132 goals (still the Scottish top tier record) with only 29 against for a record net difference of +103. Murray and Mackay both played for Scotland at the 1958 FIFA World Cup, where Murray scored in a 1–1 draw against Yugoslavia. Mackay played in only the third of Scotland's three games at the World Cup. In the 1958–59 Scottish League Cup group stage Hearts eliminated Rangers. That October 1958 Scottish League Cup Final was won with a heavy 5–1 defeat of Partick Thistle. Bauld and Murray each scored two and Johnny Hamilton netted one. This was the fourth and last Hearts trophy for Mackay. He had some injury issues in what was to be his last year at Hearts. From late March he missed the last five games of the 1957–58 successful league run in. He then missed the first five Hearts games at the start of the 1958–59 season, returning at the end of August. After 6 December he was then eight weeks out the team with the 13 December 1959 crucial 5–0 defeat away to Rangers the first game he missed before returning on 4 February for the 3–1 Scottish Cup victory away at Queen of the South. Just over a month after he regained his place in the first team, Mackay again played Queen of the South this time in a 2–1 home league win on 7 March 1959. The league game against QoS was Mackay's last for Hearts after they accepted a bid of £32,000 from Tottenham Hotspur for their captain. In Hearts' next game Mackay's vacated half back berth was taken by George Thomson, who moved from inside forward. Thomson's inside forward spot was given to debutant Bobby Rankin, who had been signed for £4,000 from Queen of the South two days before Mackay's last Hearts game. Hearts spent £23,000 of the transfer on stadium improvements. Tottenham Hotspur Aged 24, he was signed by Tottenham Hotspur for £32,000 in March 1959 making his debut on 21 March in a 3–1 home win against Manchester City. During the 1960s his fierce determination and skill contributed to the team which won the Double in 1960–61. As double winners Spurs played in the 1961 FA Charity Shield against an FA XI which Spurs won 3–2. In that 1961 FA Cup Final they beat Leicester City 2–0. They retained the trophy when they won the 1962 FA Cup Final beating Burnley 3–1. This put them into a second successive Charity Shield. In that 1962 FA Charity Shield they beat Ipswich Town 5–1. This put Spurs into the 1962–63 Cup Winners' Cup. However Mackay missed the 5–1 1963 European Cup Winners' Cup Final victory over the defending champions Atlético Madrid at De Kuip in Rotterdam due to injured stomach muscles. Mackay had scored in the semi-final victory against OFK Beograd. Spurs defended the Cup Winners' Cup the season after and were drawn to play the then FA Cup-holders, Manchester United, in the second round. Mackay scored the opener in the first leg 2–0 victory at White Hart Lane. On 10 December 1963 Mackay broke his left leg in a challenge with United's Noel Cantwell after eight minutes of the return tie at Old Trafford. Without him his teammates lost 4–1 due to a double strike by Bobby Charlton in the last 13 minutes. Mackay had just turned 29 the month before. The break was a serious one, and it took nine months before he attempted a comeback. Playing for Tottenham's reserves at home to Shrewsbury Town on 12 September 1964, he broke the same bone a second time, this time in a challenge with Peter Dolby. Mackay returned at the start of the 1965–66 season having missed a year and a half of first-team football. In 1966 Mackay was photographed by Daily Mirror photographer Monte Fresco in an on-pitch confrontation with Leeds United's Billy Bremner. Mackay's face contorted, he is seen grabbing Bremner's shirt. The image is seen as one of the most iconic in UK football although Mackay hated it as it portrayed him as a bully. Mackay stated he reacted in the manner he did since Bremner targeted Mackay's left leg (the one he had broken twice) even though this leg was furthest away from Bremner. Tottenham won the 1967 FA Cup Final beating Chelsea 2–1 for a third success in that tournament with Mackay. In the subsequent Charity Shield, Spurs drew 3–3 with Manchester United in a match remembered for goalkeeper Pat Jennings scoring with a kick from his own penalty area. Mackay made 268 league appearances for Tottenham. With Mackay Spurs won one league championship, three FA Cups, one European Cup Winners' Cup and two FA Charity Shields as well as the 1967 Charity Shield that they shared because of the draw. None of these trophies were won in the two seasons affected by Mackay's lengthy injury due to his leg break. Brian Clough claimed in 2003 that Mackay was Tottenham Hotspur's greatest ever player. Derby County Aged 33, at the start of the 1968–69 season he transferred to Derby County for £5,000. Brian Clough and Peter Taylor persuaded him to sign. In his first season at the Baseball Ground, in which the club gained promotion to the First Division, he was chosen FWA Footballer of the Year, jointly with Manchester City's Tony Book. When he was a player at Derby County, Clough made Mackay play in a sweeping role and used his influence on the team to encourage them to turn defence into attack through a passing game. He left Derby in 1971, a year before they won the First Division title. Swindon Town Aged 36, he joined Swindon Town in 1971 as player/manager where he stayed one season before he retired as a player and focused solely on management. International career Aged 22, Mackay made his debut for Scotland on 26 May 1957 in a qualifying game for the 1958 World Cup, against Spain at the Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid. Scotland qualified for the tournament in Sweden, with Mackay playing a single game, on 15 June 1958, against France; a 2–1 defeat at the Eyravallen Stadium in Örebro. He first captained his country in his third international, on 18 October 1958, in a 3–0 away win against Wales in the British Home Championships. The first four of his full caps were when he was with Hearts. The remainder were when he was with Tottenham. The first of his four international goals was in a friendly game at the Prater Stadium in Vienna on 29 May 1960 in a 3–1 away defeat to Austria. His 15th cap was the disastrous 9–3 defeat at Wembley to England in April 1961;. Mackay then spent two years out of the side, with Jim Baxter and Pat Crerand usually being the preferred half back pairing. Mackay was recalled two years later in April 1963, again versus England at Wembley, but this time Scotland won 2–1. In his two years out the team Mackay missed the entire qualification campaign for the 1962 FIFA World Cup (Scotland were eliminated in a play off by the eventual tournament runners-up, Czechoslovakia). Mackay had been incumbent in the half back line for three straight games leading up to the game for Spurs in December 1963 in which he broke his leg. He made 22 national appearances, his last coming on 2 October 1965, again in the British Home Championships, a 3–2 away defeat to Northern Ireland. His last cap was the only one he collected after the leg break. Managerial career In 1971 Mackay was appointed player-manager of Swindon Town but left after just one season to take charge of Nottingham Forest. He remained at the City Ground until October 1973, when he returned to Derby as manager following Clough's resignation. In his first season Derby finished third in the table. In his second season in charge of Derby, he guided the team to the 1974–75 league title. The following season, he managed the club to a respectable fourth-place finish in the league, the semi-finals of the FA Cup, and a second-round exit to Real Madrid in the 1975–76 European Cup. Having beaten them 4–1 in the first leg, a weakened Derby side were beaten 5–1 in the return leg. At one stage the side had been in the running for the Double. Mackay was sacked in November 1976 after a poor start to the 1976–77 season. Mackay then had a spell as Walsall manager from March 1977 to August 1978. This was followed by nine years coaching in Kuwait. He returned to the UK and was appointed manager of Doncaster Rovers in 1987, a year after being linked with the Scotland manager's job (which ultimately went to Andy Roxburgh). Mackay's reign at Belle Vue lasted until March 1989 before he moved to Birmingham City, who had just been relegated to the third tier of the league for the first time in their history. His task was simple – to get Birmingham promoted to the Second Division. But he was unsuccessful in trying to achieve this and resigned in 1991. After that, Mackay headed to Africa to manage Egyptian club Zamalek SC, a Cairo based football team, with which he won the Egyptian Premier League two times, in both the seasons he was manager. He then spent a further three years in Qatar, managing the Qatar national football team, before retiring from football altogether in 1997. Legacy In 2004 The Real Mackay was published, an autobiography written with Martin Knight. Mackay had previously published Soccer My Spur in the early 1960s. Mackay was made an inaugural inductee of the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his impact on the English game as both a player and manager, Two years later, he was an inaugural inductee of the Scottish Football Hall of Fame. In 2006, he also became an inaugural inductee of the Heart of Midlothian Hall of Fame in recognition of his success as a player in the 1950s. In 2013, Mackay was one of eleven British football stars chosen by Royal Mail to feature on a set of stamps marking the 150th anniversary of The Football Association. Mackay appears as a character in David Peace's novel The Damned Utd, a fictionalised account of Brian Clough's time as manager of Derby County and Leeds United. In the film adaptation of the book, The Damned United, Mackay is played by Brian McCardie. Mackay successfully took legal action against the makers of the film over its inaccurate portrayal of the events surrounding Clough's departure from Derby and Mackay's appointment. George Best (1946–2005), of Manchester United, one of Tottenham's fiercest rivals in the 1960s, described Mackay as "the hardest man I have ever played against – and certainly the bravest". Mackay died on 2 March 2015 at the age of 80. Heart of Midlothian stated "It is with deep regret that we have to advise of the death of Dave Mackay who was possibly the most complete midfield player that Scotland has ever produced". Tottenham wrote in an obituary "Dave Mackay will certainly always be remembered here as one of our greatest ever players and a man who never failed to inspire those around him. In short, a Spurs legend". His coffin was brought into his funeral by John Robertson and Gordon Marshall (ex-Hearts), Pat Jennings and Cliff Jones (ex-Tottenham) and Roy McFarland and John McGovern (ex-Derby). A eulogy was given by Alex Ferguson. After his sacking at Derby County there was a cutting in Norman Stanley Fletcher's cell Mackay Sacked in Porridge which was a joke to Mr. Mackay. Honours Player Heart of Midlothian Scottish League Division One: 1957–58 Scottish Cup: 1955–56 Scottish League Cup: 1954–55, 1958–59 Tottenham Hotspur Football League First Division: 1960–61 FA Cup: 1960–61, 1961–62, 1966–67 European Cup Winner's Cup: 1962–63 FA Charity Shield: 1961 (won), 1962 (won), 1967 (shared) Derby County Football League Second Division: 1968–69 Watney Cup: 1970 Manager Derby County Football League First Division: 1974–75 FA Charity Shield: 1975 Zamalek SC Egyptian Premier League: 1991–92, 1992–93 Al-Arabi SC VIVA Premier League : 5 Kuwait Emir Cup : 2 Career statistics International appearances International goals Managerial record See also List of English football championship winning managers References External links Dave Mackay Hearts Career Record Dave Mackay Scotland Record Dave Mackay Scotland Football League Record Dave Mackay Profile MEHSTG Dave Mackay obituary 1934 births 2015 deaths Footballers from Edinburgh Scottish footballers Scotland international footballers Association football wing halves Association football sweepers Heart of Midlothian F.C. players Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players Derby County F.C. players Swindon Town F.C. players Scottish football managers Scottish expatriate football managers Swindon Town F.C. managers Nottingham Forest F.C. managers Derby County F.C. managers Walsall F.C. managers Doncaster Rovers F.C. managers Birmingham City F.C. managers Zamalek SC managers 1958 FIFA World Cup players English Football Hall of Fame inductees English Football League players English Football League managers British expatriates in Egypt Expatriate football managers in Egypt Expatriate football managers in Kuwait Expatriate football managers in Qatar Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait Scottish Football Hall of Fame inductees Scottish Football League players Scottish Football League representative players Scottish Junior Football Association players Newtongrange Star F.C. players Scotland under-23 international footballers English Football League representative players Qatar national football team managers Scotland junior international footballers Al-Arabi SC (Kuwait) managers Kuwait Premier League managers FA Cup Final players

64320076

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Bayley

Bruce Bayley

Bruce Francis Herbert Bayley (born 6 November 1961) is a Barbadian sailor. He competed in the Star event at the 1984 Summer Olympics. References External links 1961 births Living people Barbadian male sailors (sport) Olympic sailors of Barbados Sailors at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Star Sportspeople from Bridgetown

29068259

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatric%20reform%20in%20Italy

Psychiatric reform in Italy

Psychiatric reform in Italy is the reform of psychiatry which started in Italy after the passing of Basaglia Law in 1978 and terminated with the very end of the Italian state mental hospital system in 1998. Among European countries, Italy was the first to publicly declare its repugnance for a mental health care system which led to social exclusion and segregation. The psychiatric reform was also a consequence of a public debate sparked by Giorgio Coda's case and stories collected and analyzed in Alberto Papuzzi's book Portami su quello che canta. Aims The reform was directed towards the gradual dismantling of the psychiatric hospitals and required a comprehensive, integrated and responsible community mental health service. The object of community care is to reverse the long-accepted practice of isolating the mental ill in large institutions, to promote their integration in the community offering them a milieu which is socially stimulating, while avoiding subjecting them to too intense social pressures. Course Since the late 1960s, the Italian physician Giorgio Antonucci questioned the basis itself of psychiatry. After working with Edelweiss Cotti in 1968 at the Centro di Relazioni Umane in Cividale del Friuli – an open ward created as an alternative to the psychiatric hospital – from 1973 to 1996 Antonucci worked on the dismantling of the psychiatric hospitals Osservanza and Luigi Lolli of Imola, and the liberation – and restitution to life – of the people there secluded. In August, 1971, Franco Basaglia became the director of the provincial psychiatric hospital located in Trieste. With a group of young physicians not yet influenced by traditional psychiatry —as well as psychologists, volunteers and students— Basaglia started an intense project for the theoretical-practical criticism of the institution of the asylum. At that time, there were approximately 1,200 patients in the San Giovanni psychiatric hospital, most of them were under compulsory treatment. From 1971 to 1974, the efforts of Franco Basaglia and his equipe were directed at changing the rules and logic which governed the institution, putting the hierarchy in question, changing the relations between patients and operators, inventing new relations, opportunities and spaces, and restoring freedom and rights to the inmates. In the hospital being transformed, guardianship was substituted by care, institutional abandonment by the full assumption of responsibility for the patient and their condition, while the negation of the individual through the concept of illness-danger was replaced by the conferring of importance and value to individual life histories. Any form of physical containment and shock therapy was suppressed, the barriers and mesh which had enclosed the wards were removed, doors and gates were opened, compulsory hospitalizations became voluntary and definitive ones were revoked, thus the patients regained their political and civil rights. Main characteristics Michele Tansella specified the main characteristics of the Italian experience: community care as the principal component of the system; a relatively low dose of inpatient care, avoiding treating any new patients in mental hospital; a very careful integration between the various facilities within the geographically based system of care, the same team providing outpatient as well as inpatient and community care. The closure of various hospital settings became possible because of constant reduction of in-patients number which in the course of years had the following dynamics: Estimations Giovanna Russo and Francesco Carelli state that back in 1978 the Basaglia reform perhaps could not be fully implemented because society was unprepared for such an avant-garde and innovative concept of mental health. Thirty years later, it has become more obvious that this reform reflects a concept of modern health and social care for mental patients. The Italian example originated samples of effective and innovative service models and paved the way for deinstitutionalisation of mental patients. See also Basaglia Law Deinstitutionalisation Giorgio Antonucci Giorgio Coda References External links Giorgio Antonucci speaks about Franco Basaglia (Italian) Pervasive Technology Lab (CIC) (2011) Technology for Mental Health Archive Giorgio Antonucci Health care reform Mental health in Italy History of psychiatry Deinstitutionalisation in Italy Reform in Italy

34283988

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampo%20Haapam%C3%A4ki

Sampo Haapamäki

Sampo Haapamäki (born 3 February 1979) is a Finnish composer. He has won several international composition competitions. Education Haapamäki studied at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki with Tapio Nevanlinna and Veli-Matti Puumala. He has also studied with Claus-Steffen Mahnkopf in Leipzig, Germany and with Tristan Murail at Columbia University. Compositions Haapamäki has embraced a quarter-tone based language during the last few years. Some of his most notable compositions written in this style are: "Velinikka" (2008), for quarter-tone accordion and 18 musicians. "Kirjo" (2006), for bass-clarinet and 26 musicians. "Design" (2005), for 16 musicians. "Fresh" (2004, 2007), for 15 musicians. "Maailmamaa" (2010) for mixed choir and tape Awards 2003 Finalist at the Queen Elisabeth Composition Competition 2004 Gaudeamus International Composers Award 2005 ISCM-CASH Young Composer Award 2006 Teosto Prize (in Finnish) 2020 Nordic Council Music Prize for his Quarter-tone Piano Concerto Works Symphony orchestra Motto (2015) Chamber orchestra Signature (2003) Fresh (2004, 2007) Design (2005) Soloist(s) and orchestra Kirjo (2006) concerto for bass clarinet Velinikka (2008) concerto for quarter-tone accordion Conception (2012) double concerto for quarter-tone guitar and quarter-tone accordion Quarter-Tone Piano Concerto (2017) Ensemble Heritage (2016) for ensemble of Harry Partch instruments 24/7 (2019) for quarter-tone flute, quarter-tone clarinet, quarter-tone guitar, quarter-tone piano, quarter-tone accordion, violin and violoncello Ensemble/instrument with electronics Logo (2013) for violin and 9-channel electronics IDEA (2018) for 11 musicians and 8-channel electronics Concert band Sight (2001) Big band Style (2001) Chamber music Sonata (2000) for clarinet, marimba, piano and accordion Avenue (2000) for alto saxophone and piano Wide (2001) for clarinet, piano, violin, viola, cello Highway (2002) for flute and piano Connection (2007) for 2 violins, viola and cello Solo instrument Emfa (2000) for tuba Tri (2000) for trombone Power (2001) for accordion Vocal music Haljennut (2004) for sopranist-baritone, violin, viola and cello Maailmamaa (2010) for mixed choir and tape References External links Personal Website Page at Columbia University Page at Music Finland List of works by date Ressources.ircam 1979 births Finnish composers Finnish male composers Living people Columbia University School of the Arts alumni Gaudeamus Composition Competition prize-winners Contemporary classical composers

48877313

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai%20Sato

Kai Sato

Kai Sato (born 1984) an American business executive, entrepreneur, and author. He is the co-president and chief marketing officer of Crown Electrokinetics Corp., which is listed on Nasdaq. He is a fund advisor and the former entrepreneur-in-residence to Hatch, an aquaculture technology accelerator. He is the author of Marketing Architecture: How to Attract Customers, Hires, and Investors for Any Company Under 50 Employees (2021). He is the founder of Caddyshack to Corner Office, a golf blog that has profiled Corey Pavin and William Doyle. Previously, he was the co-founder and COO of FieldLevel. As the COO of FieldLevel, a social network for sports recruiting, Kai Sato oversaw the outward-facing facets of the company, including business development, sales and marketing. Sato was recognized as one of the Los Angeles Business Journal's "Twenty in Their 20s," in 2013. Accredited for his expertise in sports technology and entrepreneurship, Sato speaks on these topics at industry events. He is also a contributor to Inc., Entrepreneur, and the Huffington Post. Born in Arizona, Sato is a graduate of the Cate School and the University of Southern California. References 1984 births Living people American chief operating officers University of Southern California alumni

62877650

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel%20Oshomah

Emmanuel Oshomah

Emmanuel Oshomah (born 5 January 1964) is a Nigerian weightlifter. He competed in the men's middle heavyweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics. References 1964 births Living people Nigerian male weightlifters Olympic weightlifters of Nigeria Weightlifters at the 1984 Summer Olympics Place of birth missing (living people)

39990797

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugonna%20Anyora

Ugonna Anyora

Ugonna Anyora (born 29 April 1991) is a Nigerian footballer midfielder who plays as a midfielder for Enugu Rangers. Career Anyora made his debut in Tippeligaen in the 2–0 victory against Vålerenga on 8 August 2010. Anyora left Haugesund after the 2014 season when his contract expired. After a trial, Anyora signed a two-year contract with Hønefoss BK on 18 February 2015. After just one season, which saw Hønefoss relegated to 2. Divisjon, Anyora left the club. Anyora joined his former club, Enugu Rangers, in January 2018. Career statistics References External links Ugonna Anyora at Footballdatabase 1991 births Living people Nigerian footballers FK Haugesund players Eliteserien players Hønefoss BK players Norwegian First Division players Nigerian expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Norway Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Norway Assyriska FF players Expatriate footballers in Sweden Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden Rangers International F.C. players Footballers from Enugu Association football midfielders

15048713

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Music%3A%20Off%20the%20Record

American Music: Off the Record

American Music: Off the Record is a 2008 American documentary film that features theorists Noam Chomsky and Douglas Rushkoff in an interrogation of the American music industry. The film covers a great deal of ground from the authenticity of live music to the circumvention of the corporate machine by indie distribution, to the demise of the privately owned music store. Cast Bernard Allison Paul Barrere Bastard Sons of Johnny Cash The Belairs Bottle Rockets Savoy Brown Jackson Browne Buckethead Canned Heat Carlene Carter The Cates Brothers Noam Chomsky Chubby Carrier David Allan Coe Commander Cody Danny Cox Rodney Crowell Iris DeMent Rick Derringer Chris Duarte The Elders Chris Hillman Frank Hicks It's a Beautiful Day Wanda Jackson Jah Roots John Jorgenson Eric Lindell David Lindley Little Feat Country Joe McDonald James McMurtry Benjamin Meade Roger Miller Nace Brothers Lee Oskar Lee Roy Parnell Les Paul Herb Pederson Ray Price The Rainmakers Lee Ranaldo Kasey Rausch Robert Reynolds Roomful of Blues Douglas Rushkoff Billy Joe Shaver Kim Simmonds Sonic Youth Richard Thompson Paul Thor Bob Walkenhorst War Watermelon Slim Rev. Billy C. Wertz Lizzie West Edgar Winter Johnny Winter Carolyn Wonderland References External links Corticrawl Films Filmguru on the movie English-language films 2008 films American documentary films Documentary films about the music industry 2008 documentary films American films

64808148

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Star%20Gate

Black Star Gate

The Black Star Gate is part of the Independence Square now known as the Black Star Square in Accra. It is located at the center of the Square where parades are held. The Black Star Gate is a monument topped by the Black Star of Africa. The five-pointed star represents Africa in general and particularly Ghana itself. It has the inscription “AD 1957” and “Freedom and Justice”. The Black Star Gate was commissioned by Kwame Nkrumah to indicate the country's supreme power to control its own affairs. References Buildings and structures in Accra Monuments and memorials in Ghana

4587735

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellen%20%28surname%29

Yellen (surname)

Yellen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Alexander Yellen (born 1981), American cinematographer Jack Yellen (1892–1991), American lyricist Janet Yellen (born 1946), American economist, 78th U.S. secretary of the treasury and 15th chair of the U.S. Federal Reserve Larry Yellen (born 1943), American baseball pitcher Linda Yellen (born 1949), American director, producer and writer of film and television Sherman Yellen (born 1932), American playwright See also Jelen Yellin

9061486

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berwyn%20Jones

Berwyn Jones

Thomas Berwyn Jones (13 February 1940 – 12 January 2007) was a Welsh sprint athlete, and rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Rhymney RFC, as a wing, i.e. number 11 or 14, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain, Other Nationalities and Commonwealth XIII, and at club level for Wakefield Trinity (Heritage № 690), Bradford Northern and St Helens, as a , i.e. number 2 or 5. Background Berwyn Jones was born in Rhymney, Monmouthshire, Wales, and he died aged 66 in Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, England. Early career Jones had a brief career in rugby union with hometown club Rhymney RFC in the South Wales Valleys, but it was in athletics that he looked set to excel until switching to rugby league. Bronze medal at Belgrade 1962 He won the Bronze medal in the men's 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1962 European Championships in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, alongside Alf Meakin, Ron Jones and David Jones. He also won a bronze medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay while competing for Wales at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. British record holder He had been touted as a potential Olympian for 1964 when he was invited to try out for Wakefield Trinity in 1964. He had been a member of the Great Britain 4 x 110 yards relay team and a British record-holder (10.3 seconds) and champion over 100 metres. Rugby league career Playing under the ironic alias 'A. Walker', he impressed for Wakefield Trinity in reserve team games against Huddersfield and Doncaster and soon took to the sport. Within nine months he was playing for Great Britain, and scored on his international début against France in Perpignan. Berwyn Jones represented Other Nationalities (RL) while at Wakefield Trinity, he played in the 2-19 defeat by St. Helens at Knowsley Road, St. Helens on Wednesday 27 January 1965, to mark the switching-on of new floodlights, represented Commonwealth XIII while at Wakefield Trinity in 1965 against New Zealand at Crystal Palace National Recreation Centre, London on Wednesday 18 August 1965, and was selected for the 1966 tour of Australia and New Zealand but did not make the Test team due to the form of Barrow's William "Bill" Burgess and Geoffrey "Geoff" Wriglesworth of Leeds. Berwyn Jones played , i.e. number 2, and scored 2-tries in Wakefield Trinity's 18-2 victory over Leeds in the 1964–65 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1964–65 season at Fartown Ground, Huddersfield on Saturday 31 October 1964. He transferred from Wakefield Trinity to Bradford Northern in 1967/68 for £3,000, where he was joined by Leeds' Geoff Wrigglesworth. The pair formed a potent right wing/centre partnership. Jones scored 26 tries that season, his best haul. Retirement He transferred from Bradford Northern to St. Helens during 1969 but scored just two tries before announcing a premature retirement. He died in January 2007 after a battle with motor neurone disease. References External links !Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk (statistics currently missing due to not having appeared for both Great Britain, and England) St Helens Profile at saints.org.uk (archived by web.archive.org) Welsh-born Great Britain international dies Photograph "Berwyn Jones races clear - Berwyn Jones races clear of the Doncaster cover. - 28/10/1967" at rlhp.co.uk Photograph "Colin Dixon gets the ball away - Colin Dixon of Halifax gets the ball away despite the attention of Geoff Wrigglesworth in the Boxing Day game at Odsal. - 26/12/1967" at rlhp.co.uk Photograph "Ken Roberts pulled down - Ken Roberts is pulled down as Berwyn Jones supports. - 23/03/1968" at rlhp.co.uk Photograph "Going down the steps - Northern players go down the steps to take the field against Keighley. - 13/04/1968" at rlhp.co.uk 1940 births 2007 deaths Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Bradford Bulls players Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Wales Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics European Athletics Championships medalists Footballers who switched code Great Britain national rugby league team players Medalists at the 1961 Summer Universiade Other Nationalities rugby league team players People educated at Lewis School, Pengam Rugby league players from Rhymney Rugby union players from Rhymney Rugby league wingers Rugby union wings St Helens R.F.C. players Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field) Universiade silver medalists for Great Britain Wakefield Trinity players Welsh male sprinters Welsh rugby league players Welsh rugby union players

25389864

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albunea%20%28crab%29

Albunea (crab)

Albunea is a genus of mole crab within the Albuneidae. Little is known about this group's biology. A. groeningi is named after Matt Groening, creator of The Simpsons. The genus Albunea contains the following species: Albunea asymmetrica (Müller, 1979) † Albunea bulla Boyko, 2002 Albunea carabus (Linnaeus, 1758) Albunea catherinae Boyko, 2002 Albunea cuisiana Beschin & De Angeli, 1984 † Albunea danai Boyko, 1999 Albunea elegans A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1898 Albunea elioti Benedict, 1904 Albunea galapagensis Boyko, 2002 Albunea gibbesii Stimpson, 1859 Albunea groeningi Boyko, 2002 Albunea hahnae Blow & Manning, 1996 † Albunea holthuisi Boyko & Harvey, 1999 Albunea lucasia de Saussure, 1853 Albunea marquisiana Boyko, 2000 Albunea microps Miers, 1878 Albunea occulta Boyko, 2002 Albunea okinawaensis Osawa & Fujita, 2007 Albunea paretii Guérin-Méneville, 1853 Albunea speciosa Dana, 1852 Albunea steinitzi Holthuis, 1958 Albunea symmysta (Linnaeus, 1758) Albunea thurstoni Henderson, 1893 Albunea turritellacola Fraaije, van Bakel & Jagt, 2008 † References Further reading Hippoidea

59995781

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commune%20VI%2C%20Bamako

Commune VI, Bamako

Commune VI is a commune of Bamako, Mali. References Communities on the Niger River

18418966

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nav1.8

Nav1.8

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Nav1.8}} Nav1.8 is a sodium ion channel subtype that in humans is encoded by the SCN10A gene. Nav1.8-containing channels are tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant voltage-gated channels. Nav1.8 is expressed specifically in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), in unmyelinated, small-diameter sensory neurons called C-fibres, and is involved in nociception. C-fibres can be activated by noxious thermal or mechanical stimuli and thus can carry pain messages. The specific location of Nav1.8 in sensory neurons of the DRG may make it a key therapeutic target for the development of new analgesics and the treatment of chronic pain. Function Voltage-gated sodium ion channels (VGSC) are essential in producing and propagating action potentials. Tetrodotoxin, a toxin found in pufferfish, is able to block some VGSCs and therefore is used to distinguish the different subtypes. There are three TTX-resistant VGSC: Nav1.5, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9. Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 are both expressed in nociceptors (damage-sensing neurons). Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 are found in the DRG and help mediate chronic inflammatory pain. Nav1.8 is an α-type channel subunit consisting of four homologous domains, each with six transmembrane regions, of which one is a voltage sensor. Voltage clamp methods have demonstrated that NaV1.8 is unique, among sodium channels, in exhibiting relatively depolarized steady-state inactivation. Thus, NaV1.8 remains available to operate, when neurons are depolarized to levels that inactivate other sodium channels. Voltage clamp has been used to show how action potentials in DRG cells are shaped by TTX-resistant sodium channels. Nav1.8 contributes the most to sustaining the depolarizing stage of action repetitive high-frequency potentials in nociceptive sensory neurons because it activates quickly and remaining activated after detecting a noxious stimulus. Therefore, Nav1.8 contributes to hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain) and allodynia (pain from stimuli that do not usually cause it), which are elements of chronic pain. Nav1.8 knockout mice studies have shown that the channel is associated with inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Moreover, Nav1.8 plays a crucial role in cold pain. Reducing the temperature from 30 °C to 10 °C slows the activation of VGSCs and hence decreases the current. However, Nav1.8 is cold-resistant and is able to generate action potentials in the cold to carry information from nociceptors to the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, Nav1.8-null mice failed to produce action potentials, indicating that Nav1.8 is essential to the perception of pain in cold temperatures. Although the early studies on the biophysics of NaV1.8 channels were carried out in rodent channels, more recent studies have examined the properties of human NaV1.8 channels. Notably, human NaV1.8 channels exhibit an inactivation voltage-dependence that is even more depolarized than that in rodents, and it also exhibits a larger persistent current. Thus, the influence of human NaV1.8 channels on firing of sensory neurons may be even larger than that of rodent NaV1.8 channels. Gain-of-function mutations of NaV1.8, identified in patients with painful peripheral neuropathies, have been found to make DRG neurons hyper excitable, and thus are causes of pain. Although NaV1.8 is not normally expressed within the cerebellum, its expression is up-regulated in cerebellar Purkinje cells in animal models of MS (Multiple Sclerosis), and in human MS. The presence of NaV1.8 channels within these cerebellar neurons, where it is not normally present, increases their excitability and alters their firing pattern in vitro, and in rodents with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of MS. At a behavioral level, the ectopic expression of NaV1.8 within cerebellar Purkinje neurons has been shown to impair motor performance in a transgenic model. Clinical significance Pain signalling pathways Nociceptors are different from other sensory neurons in that they have a low activating threshold and consequently increase their response to constant stimuli. Therefore, nociceptors are easily sensitised by agents such as bradykinin and nerve growth factor, which are released at the site of tissue injury, ultimately causing changes to ion channel conductance. VGSCs have been shown to increase in density after nerve injury. Therefore, VGSCs can be modulated by many different hyperalgesic agents that are released after nerve injury. Further examples include prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), serotonin and adenosine, which all act to increase the current through Nav1.8. Prostaglandins such as PGE2 can sensitise nociceptors to thermal, chemical and mechanical stimuli and increase the excitability of DRG sensory neurons. This occurs because PGE2 modulates the trafficking of Nav1.8 by binding to G-protein-coupled EP2 receptor, which in turn activates protein kinase A. Protein kinase A phosphorylates Nav1.8 at intracellular sites, resulting in increased sodium ion currents. Evidence for a link between PGE2 and hyperalgesia comes from an antisense deoxynucleotide knockdown of Nav1.8 in the DRG of rats. Another modulator of Nav1.8 is the ε isoform of PKC. This isoform is activated by the inflammatory mediator bradykinin and phosphorylates Nav1.8, causing an increase in sodium current in the sensory neurons, which promotes mechanical hyperalgesia. Brugada syndrome Mutations in SCN10A are associated with Brugada syndrome. Membrane trafficking Nerve growth factor levels in inflamed or injured tissues are increased creating an increased sensitivity to pain (hyperalgesia). The increased levels of nerve growth factor and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) causes the upregulation of Nav1.8 in sensory neurons via the accessory protein p11 (annexin II light chain). It has been shown using the yeast-two hybrid screening method that p11 binds to a 28-amino-acid fragment at the N terminus of Nav1.8 and promotes its translocation to the plasma membrane. This contributes to the hyperexcitability of sensory neurons during pain. p11-null nociceptive sensory neurons in mice, created using the Cre-loxP recombinase system, show a decrease in Nav1.8 expression at the plasma membrane. Therefore, disrupting the interactions between p11 and Nav1.8 may be a good therapeutic target for lowering pain. In myelinated fibres, VGSCs are located at the nodes of Ranvier; however, in unmyelinated fibres, the exact location of VGSCs has not been determined. Nav1.8 in unmyelinated fibres has been found in clusters associated with lipid rafts along DRG fibers both in vitro and in vivo. Lipid rafts organise the cell membrane, which includes trafficking and localising ion channels. Removal of lipid rafts in the membrane using MβCD, which depletes cholesterol from the plasma membrane, leads to a shift of Nav1.8 to a non-raft portion of the membrane, causing reduced action potential firing and propagation. Painful peripheral neuropathies Painful peripheral neuropathies or small-fibre neuropathies are disorders of unmyelinated nociceptive C-fibres causing neuropathic pain; in some cases there is no known cause. Genetic screening of patients with these idiopathic neuropathies has uncovered mutations in the SCN9A gene, encoding the related channel Nav1.7. A gain-of-function mutation in Nav1.7 located in the DRG sensory neurons was found in 30% of patients. This gain-of-function mutation causes an increase in excitability (hyperexcitability) of DRG sensory neurons and thus an increase in pain. Nav1.7 thus been shown to be linked to human pain; Nav1.8, by contrast, had only been associated to pain in animal studies until recently. A gain-of-function mutation was found in the Nav1.8-encoding SCN10A gene in patients with painful peripheral neuropathy. A study of 104 patients with idiopathic peripheral neuropathies who did not have the mutation in SCN9A used voltage clamp and current clamp methods, along with predictive algorithms, and yielded two gain-of-function mutations in SCN10A in three patients. Both mutations cause increased excitability in DRG sensory neurons and hence contribute to pain, but the mechanism by which they do so is not understood. References Further reading External links The London Pain Consortium Sodium channels

56627977

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From%20No%20Time%20to%20Rag%20Time

From No Time to Rag Time

From No Time to Rag Time is an album by European jazz group the Vienna Art Orchestra featuring variations on compositions by Anthony Braxton, Ornette Coleman, Scott Joplin, Hans Koller, Charles Mingus, Fritz Pauer, Bud Powell and Roswell Rudd which was first released in 1983 on the Hat ART label. Reception The Allmusic review stated: "Powerful atonal improvisors Lauren Newton, Mathies Ruegg leading and conducting the 13-piece group. The best soloists are Herbert Joos on flugelhorn, Harry Sokal on sax/flute, and Wolfgang Pusching on sax. ... The best cuts are 'Variations About Silence (For Ornette),' and 'Jelly Roll, but Mingus Rolls Better'". Track listing "Variations about N 508-10 (4G)" (Anthony Braxton/Mathias Rüegg) − 10:43 "Variations about Keep Your Heart Right" (Roswell Rudd/Mathias Rüegg) − 11:19 "Variations About Silence" (Ornette Coleman/Mathias Rüegg) − 14:57 "Un Poco Loco" (Bud Powell) − 6:47 "Variations about A Liberate Proposal" (Fritz Pauer/Mathias Rüegg) − 5:49 "Variations about Soma" (Hans Koller/Mathias Rüegg) − 10:43 "Jelly Roll, But Mingus Rolls Better" (Charles Mingus/Mathias Rüegg) − 10:39 "Variations about The Cascades" (Scott Joplin/Mathias Rüegg) − 4:03 Personnel Mathias Rüegg − arranger, conductor Karl Fian − trumpet Herbert Joos − flugelhorn, alphorn, double trumpet Christian Radovan − trombone Billy Fuchs − tuba Wolfgang Puschnig − soprano saxophone, alto saxophone, bass clarinet, flute Harry Sokal − soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, flute Roman Schwaller − tenor saxophone, clarinet Uli Scherer − piano, melodica Woody Schabata - marimba, vibraphone Jürgen Wuchner − bass Wolfgang Reisinger, Janusz Stefanski - drums, percussion Lauren Newton - voice References 1983 live albums Hathut Records live albums Vienna Art Orchestra live albums

31427493

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich%20Bittorf

Ulrich Bittorf

Ulrich Bittorf (born 2 September 1959) is a retired German football midfielder. References External links 1959 births Living people German footballers Bundesliga players 2. Bundesliga players Germany under-21 international footballers VfL Bochum players Bayer 04 Leverkusen players 1. FC Nürnberg players Rot-Weiß Oberhausen players SG Union Solingen players 1. FC Bocholt players Association football midfielders