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24680325

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%20Ferdinand%20Titz

Anton Ferdinand Titz

Anton Ferdinand Titz (or Tietz, or Dietz) (1742 – 1811) was a German composer, violin and viola d'amore player, principally now known for his string quartets. Biography Titz was born in Nuremberg, initially training as a painter before concentrating on music and becoming musician at St. Sebaldus Church. After an unhappy love affair a few years later he went to Vienna, where he played in the opera orchestra. He lived in St Petersburg for 40 years, working at the court of Catherine II of Russia. He composed lieder, sonatas, string quartets and symphonies. Some works from his time in St Petersburg have been lost. He began to suffer from mental illness in 1805 which prevented him working. Recordings Recordings of his work have been rare, but since 2004 several discs of his chamber music have been released. References External links Brief biography HOASM 1742 births 1811 deaths German classical composers German violinists German male violinists Classical-period composers German male classical composers 19th-century German male musicians Musicians from Nuremberg

6924356

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Two%20Three%20Four

One Two Three Four

One Two Three Four is the first 7" extended play by Australian rock band the Saints. The EP contained two cover versions of other artists' work and two re-recorded tracks which originally appeared on their debut album (I'm) Stranded. It was originally released in the UK as both a single disc EP and a double 7" with a gatefold shelve. An Australian edition of the EP appeared in the following month. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, felt their versions of "Lipstick on Your Collar" (originally by Connie Francis) and "River Deep – Mountain High" (originally by Ike and Tina Turner) were "ragged but inspired". The complete EP was issued on CD in 2007 as bonus tracks to (I'm) Stranded. Track listing Single disc EP Two-disc 7" Disc 1 Disc 2 Personnel The Saints Chris Bailey - vocals Ed Kuepper - guitar Ivor Hay - drums Kym Bradshaw - bass guitar Catalogue numbers Australia (EP): EMI EMI 11597 UK (EP): Harvest HAR5137 UK (2 Disc 7"): Harvest 2HAR5137 References The Saints (Australian band) EPs 1977 debut EPs Harvest Records EPs

61896552

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20J.%20Cohen

Lawrence J. Cohen

Lawrence J. Cohen was a psychologist and author, specializing in children's play and play therapy. He developed a playful approach to child raising, in general, and to childhood anxiety, in particular. Life and work He attended Haverford College and received his PhD in clinical psychology from Duke University. After an internship at Tulane University, he began a research and private practice career in Madison, Wisconsin. He published his first book on his approach in 2001. His books have been translated into fourteen languages. His column in 'Nick Jr. Magazine' was the winner of the 2003 'Golden Lamp' award from 'Education Press'. He is also the co-author, with Anthony DeBenedet, of 'The Art of Roughhousing'. He wrote two books about children's friendships and peer relationships with Michael Thompson and Catherine O'Neill Grace: 'Best Friends, Worst Enemies', and 'Mom, They're Teasing Me'. He and his wife Liz have two children. Books 2013 The Opposite of Worry: The Playful Parenting Approach to Childhood Anxieties and Fears. New York, NY: Ballantine Books, 2001 Playful Parenting: A Bold New Way to Nurture Close Connections, Solve Behavior Problems, and Encourage Children's Confidence. New York, NY: Ballantine Books, References External links playfulparenting.com (official website) Living people American psychologists Psychotherapists Psychodramatists Year of birth missing (living people)

30631090

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Sadecky

Alexander Sadecky

Alexander Sadecky (born 6 July 1987 in Zürich) is a professional tennis player from Switzerland who entered professional play in 2006. Of Czech ancestry, his coach is Dirk de Beus (since 2008). He has regularly competed on the Challenger and Futures tour circuit. He has reached the final of seven Futures tournaments; in five of these he was victorious. He played only three singles matches in the ATP World Tour. It was in his country, Switzerland (2010 Allianz Suisse Open Gstaad), where he reached the second round (by defeating compatriot Yann Marti). Sadecky was eliminated by first seed Mikhail Youzhny. In the same tournament in 2011 he played in first round against Peter Luczak, he lost the game 6–3, 3–6, 6–7. External links Swiss male tennis players 1987 births Living people Sportspeople from Zürich

34852111

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs%20Cota

Jesús Cota

Jesús Ernesto Cota Cardenas (born November 7, 1981) is a professional baseball first baseman and outfielder. He played in minor league baseball and in the Mexican League. Career Cota attended Sunnyside High School and Pima Community College. The Arizona Diamondbacks drafted Cota in the 14th round of the 2000 MLB Draft and signed for $60,000. He made his professional debut the next summer with the Missoula Osprey. He hit .368 with 16 home runs, 74 runs and 71 runs batted in (RBIs) in 75 games for the team as he captured the Pioneer League Triple Crown. Cota made the league All-Star team at first base and won the MVP Award. Baseball America named him the league's #2 prospect. In 2002, with the Lancaster JetHawks, he led the California League with 101 RBI. He hit .280/.325/.441 with 33 doubles and 16 home runs. His plate discipline appeared worse with 38 walks to 121 strikeouts in 540 AB. He spent 2003 and most of 2004 with the El Paso Diablos. He hit .272/.322/.341 in 2003 while moving to the outfield. He ground into 17 double plays, leading the Texas League. He finished ninth in the TL with a .290 average in the latter season, with a .324 OBP and .451 slugging mark and returning to first base. He again led the league in double plays ground into, with 23. Cota played in the 2004 All-Star Futures Game. Cota began 2005 with the Class-AA Tennessee Smokies, where he hit .266/.325/.427 with 14 home runs and 68 RBI and earned a spot on the Southern League mid-season All-Star team before being promoted to the Tucson Sidewinders in July. He hit .214/.248/.333 only in 37 games for Tucson. He was back with Tennessee in 2006, hitting .233/.283/.377 with 15 homers and 54 RBIs despite playing almost every game. Cota played for the Saraperos de Saltillo in the Mexican League in 2007, hitting .297/.357/.479. In the 2007–2008 winter season, he batted .323/.415/.477 for the Naranjeros de Hermosillo. Cota hit .393/.433/.500 as Mexico's first baseman in the 2008 Final Olympic Qualification Tournament as they failed to win a spot in the 2008 Summer Olympics. Jesús tied Dae-ho Lee for 10th in the event in average. He had a big single off of Adam Bright in the 8th inning of the game against the Australian national baseball team to start the winning rally. Cota played in the 2009 Baseball World Cup for Mexico. In April 2014, he had a surgery on his right knee, and did not play the 2014 season for Saraperos de Saltillo. Instead, he played for Charros de Jalisco in the Mexican Pacific League season of 2014–2015. In early April 2015, he suffered a leg injury, but recovered well, and came back to play for Saraperos de Saltillo in late April. References External links Jesús Cota at B-R Bullpen 1981 births Living people Algodoneros de Guasave players Baseball players from Sonora Charros de Jalisco players El Paso Diablos players Lancaster JetHawks players Mexican expatriate baseball players in the United States Mexican League baseball first basemen Mexican League baseball outfielders Missoula Osprey players Naranjeros de Hermosillo players Sportspeople from Hermosillo Pericos de Puebla players Saraperos de Saltillo players Tennessee Smokies players Tomateros de Culiacán players Tucson Sidewinders players

60473350

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Jessiman

James Jessiman

James F. Jessiman was a Scottish football inside forward and wing half who made over 100 appearances in the Scottish League for Morton. He also played for Arthurlie, Stenhousemuir, Raith Rovers and East Stirlingshire. Career statistics References Scottish footballers Scottish Football League players Arthurlie F.C. players Raith Rovers F.C. players Greenock Morton F.C. players Stenhousemuir F.C. players Year of birth missing Year of death missing Association football inside forwards Association football wing halves People from Barrhead East Stirlingshire F.C. players Sportspeople from East Renfrewshire

53549951

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberea%20jordani

Oberea jordani

Oberea jordani is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1923. References jordani Beetles described in 1923

67855724

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAV%20SP4%20James%20A.%20Loux%20%28LSV-6%29

USAV SP4 James A. Loux (LSV-6)

USAV SP4 James A. Loux (LSV-6) is a General Frank S. Besson Jr.-class roll-on/roll-off of US Army. Design Named in honor of Gen. Frank S. Besson Jr., former Chief of Transportation, U.S. Army, these ships have bow and stern ramps and the ability to beach themselves, giving them the ability to discharge 900 short tons of vehicles and cargo over the shore in as little as four feet of water, or 2,000 short tons as an intra-theater line haul roll-on/roll-off cargo ship. The vessel's cargo deck is designed to handle any vehicle in the US Army inventory and can carry up to 15 M1 Abrams main battle tanks or 82 ISO standard containers. Construction and career She was acquired by the US Army on 30 September 1994 and commissioned in 1994 into the United States Army Reserve. Gallery References External links Navsource – Photo Gallery Frank S Besson Class LSV Logistic Support Vessel LSVs at globalsecurity.org Photo gallery: Family tour aboard the LSV-7 Kuroda | The Honolulu Advertiser LSV-8 USAV MG Roberts Smalls – a set on Flickr Army Commissions Vessel Named after African-American Civil War Hero, S.C. Statesman Robert Smalls Official Website Ships built in the United States 1994 ships General Frank S. Besson-class support vessels

52721098

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorzonera%20libanotica

Scorzonera libanotica

Scorzonera libanotica, also known as the Lebanese salsify and Lebanese viper's grass () is a perennial member of the genus Scorzonera in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Description Scorzonera libanotica grows to a height of and is covered with fluffy detersile coating. Its erect flower stems are leafy and branched in the upper part into 3-5 floral heads measuring . The flower heads are supported by a scaly receptacles atop long pedicels. It has glabrous cylindrical involucral bracts that are truncated at the base and slightly constricted at the top. The yellow flowers turn purple-red at the base and are larger than the involucre. It blooms in June and July. The fruit is a white, thick, long and deeply furrowed achene surmounted by a small pappus. S. libanotica leaves are whole, slightly toothed towards the base, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, more or less acute that narrow at the petiole. Distribution and habitat Scorzonera libanotica is endemic to the mountainous regions of Lebanon and Syria; it grows in elevated meadows and pastures, rocky and grassy grounds, and old wall cracks Uses The plant is used in folk medicine, its aerial parts are made into a decoction used orally to treat headaches. The plant's raw young shoots and leaves are edible. References Cichorieae Flora of Lebanon Taxa named by Pierre Edmond Boissier

18774458

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Gabon

Culture of Gabon

The Gabonese people have forged since the independence of the country, in 1960, their own culture which is neither the traditional culture of the different ethnic groups which compose it, nor modern Western culture. It is a culture in movement, a mixture of diversity and common traits, bringing together the most diverse beliefs and practices. Music Gabonese music is little-known in comparison with regional giants like the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon. The country boasts an array of folk styles, as well as pop stars like Patience Dabany and Annie-Flore Batchiellilys, a Gabonese singer and renowned live performer. Dabany's albums, though recorded in Los Angeles, have a distinctively Gabonese element and are popular throughout Francophone Africa. Other major musicians include Pierre-Claver Akendengue (considered a master-poet), "the veteran" Mack Joss, Vickos Ekondo, known as "the king of Tandima". Annie Flore has participated in musical events, both improvised and planned, with a wide variety of musicians from around the world, including: Youssou N'dour (Senegal), Ray Lema (DRC), Lokua Kanza (DRC), La Baronne (France), Carlo Rizzo (Italy), Cynthia Scott (USA), Mario Chenart (Canada), Solange Campagne (Canada), Philip Peris (Australia) and Qiu-Xia-He (China). Also known are guitarists like Georges Oyendze, La Rose Mbadou and Sylvain Avara, and the singer Oliver N'Goma. Imported rock and hip hop from the US and UK are popular in Gabon, as are rumba, makossa and soukous. Gabonese folk instruments include the obala, the ngombi, balafon and traditional drums. Literature and oral tradition A country with a primarily oral tradition up until the spread of literacy in the 21st century, Gabon is rich in folklore and mythology. "Raconteurs" are currently working to keep traditions alive such as the mvett among the Fangs and the ingwala among the Nzebis. Masks Gabon also features internationally celebrated masks, such as the n'goltang (Fang) and the relicary figures of the Kota. Each group has its own set of masks used for various reasons. They are mostly used in traditional ceremonies such as marriage, birth and funerals. Traditionalists mainly work with rare local woods and other precious materials. See also List of Gabonese films Ethnic groups in Gabon Languages of Gabon Religion in Gabon

51071574

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurizio%20Bufalini

Maurizio Bufalini

Maurizio Bufalini (4 June 1787 – 31 March 1875) was an Italian physician. He served in the Senate of the Kingdom of Sardinia. He was a recipient of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus. References External links 1787 births 1875 deaths 19th-century Italian physicians Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Sardinia Recipients of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

46545178

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itahisa%20Machado

Itahisa Machado

Itahisa Machado (born April 10, 1987 in Tenerife, Canary Islands), is a Spanish Mexican actress and model. She currently resides in Mexico City, Mexico. Career She began her career as a model of commercial television. In 2006 she participated in the telenovela Yo soy Bea, had 5 years out of television and returned in the soap opera El octavo mandamiento in 2011. She has starred in soap operas such as Rosario and El Dandy. Filmography References External links Living people American telenovela actresses American female models 21st-century American actresses People from Tenerife Spanish expatriates in Mexico 1987 births

50704764

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20Gomes%20Teixeira

Francisco Gomes Teixeira

Francisco Gomes Teixeira (28 January 1851, São Cosmado, Armamar – 8 February 1933, Porto) was a Portuguese mathematician and historian of mathematics. Biography In 1876 he became a corresponding member of the Academia Real das Ciências de Lisboa. He published over 140 articles in prestigious international scientific journals. Before the year 1890 most of his publications were on mathematical analysis but from 1890 onwards most were on geometry. He was named the third astronomer of the Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa in 1878, but only held this positions for about four months before returning to the University of Coimbra. He was elected a parliamentary deputy by the Partido Regenerador in 1879 and participated in sessions of Parliament for that year and also in 1883 and 1884. In November 1879 he was put in charge of the University of Coimbra's chair of mathematical analysis and in February 1880 was formally appointed to this professorial chair. In 1884 Gomes Teixeira was appointed to the chair of differential and integral calculus of the Academia Politécnica do Porto. In 1905 the Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas e Astronomicas (founded by Gomes in 1877) was integrated into the newly created Anais Scientificos da Academia Politécnica do Porto. His Tratado de las Curvas Especiales Notables won an award in 1899 from the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences. A 3-volume French translation (with additions) was published in 1908 and 1909 as Traité des Courbes Spéciales Remarquables Planes et Gauches. He received in 1917 the prix Binoux d'histoire des sciences from the French Academy of Sciences. Gomes Teixeira received honorary doctorates from the University of Madrid and the University of Toulouse. In 1911 at the newly formed University of Porto he became the first rector, retiring in 1917. His body is entombed in the Igreja Matriz de São Cosmado. The tomb consists of a granite sarcophagus with the following inscription: SERAPHICO FRANCISCO ASSISIENSI atque DIVO ANTONIO OLYSIPPONENSI hoc monumentum erexit FRANCISCUS GOMES TEIXEIRA qui hi jacet. (Divo Antonio is Latin for St. Anthony. Olissipóna was the ancient name for Lisbon. Gomes Teixeira wrote a 1931 book Santo António de Lisboa (história, tradição e lenda) and a 1926 book Santuários de montahna (impressões de viagens.) Eponymous tributes Praça de Gomes Teixeira (Gomes Teixeira Square), Porto Rua Professor Doutor Francisco Gomes Teixeira, Porto Rua Professor Doutor Francisco Gomes Teixeira em Carnaxide, Oeiras Rua Francisco Gomes Teixeira em Setúbal, Setúbal Sala Gomes Teixeira: Piso 4 Edifíco da Reitoria da Universidade do Porto Agrupamento de Escolas Gomes Teixeira-Praça da Galiza, 4150-344 Porto Escola básica dos 2.º e 3.º ciclos Gomes Teixeira - Armamar approximate location of the statue of Dr. Gomes Teixeira in the village of São Cosmado from Google Street View Selected publications ; ; . translated into French from the Spanish version but with revisions and extensive additions. Re-published in the Obras sobre Matemática, volumes IV, V et VII, 1908–1915; Chelsea Publishing Co, New York, 1971; Éditions Jacques Gabay, Paris, 1995. , vol. I, 1904; vol. II, 1906; vol. III, 1906; vol. IV, 1908; vol. V, 1909; vol. VI, 1912; vol. VII, 1915. References External links Gomes Teixeira (1851-1933), Fernando Reis Ciência em Portugal: Personagens e Episódios Matemático por acaso História das matemáticas em Portugal Francisco Gomes Teixeira A concóide de Sluse Francisco Gomes Teixeira. In Infopédia (Em linha).Porto: Porto Editora, 2003-2010.(Consult. 2010-05-09) Francisco Gomes Teixeira, Reitor da Universidade do Porto 1851 births 1933 deaths People from Viseu District 19th-century mathematicians 20th-century mathematicians Portuguese mathematicians Historians of mathematics University of Coimbra alumni University of Coimbra faculty University of Porto faculty

47757628

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fool%20%28Tarot%20card%29

The Fool (Tarot card)

The Fool is one of the 78 cards in a tarot deck. In tarot card reading, it is one of the 22 Major Arcana, sometimes numbered as 0 (the first) or XXII (the last). However, in decks designed for playing traditional tarot card games, it is typically unnumbered, as it is not one of the 21 trump cards and instead serves a unique purpose by itself. Iconography The Fool is titled Le Mat in the Tarot of Marseilles, and Il Matto in most Italian language tarot decks. These archaic words mean "the madman" or "the beggar", and may be related to the word for 'checkmate' in relation to the original use of tarot cards for gaming purposes. In the earliest tarot decks, the Fool is usually depicted as a beggar or a vagabond. In the Visconti-Sforza tarot deck, the Fool wears ragged clothes and stockings without shoes, and carries a stick on his back. He has what appear to be feathers in his hair. His unruly beard and feathers may relate to the tradition of the woodwose or wild man. Another early Italian image that relates to the tradition is the first (and lowest) of the series of the so-called Tarocchi of Mantegna. This series of prints containing images of social roles, allegorical figures, and classical deities begins with Misero, a depiction of a beggar leaning on a staff. A similar image is contained in the German Hofämterspiel; there the fool (German: Narr) is depicted as a barefoot man in robes, apparently with bells on his hood, playing a bagpipe. The Tarot of Marseilles and related decks similarly depict a bearded person wearing what may be a jester's hat; he always carries a bundle of his belongings on a stick (called a bindle) slung over his back. He appears to be getting chased away by an animal, either a dog or a cat. The animal has torn his pants. In the Rider–Waite deck and other esoteric decks made for cartomancy, the Fool is shown as a young man, walking unknowingly toward the brink of a precipice. In the Rider–Waite Tarot deck, he is also portrayed as having with him a small dog. The Fool holds a white rose (a symbol of freedom from baser desires) in one hand, and in the other a small bundle of possessions, representing untapped collective knowledge. In French suited tarot decks that do not use the traditional emblematic images of Italian suited decks for the suit of trumps, the Fool is typically made up as a jester or bard, reminiscent of the Joker often included with the standard 52-card deck. History In the decks before Waite–Smith, the Fool is almost always unnumbered. There are a few exceptions: some old decks (including the 15th-century Sola Busca) labelled the card with a 0, and the 18th-century Belgian decks labelled the Fool as XXII. The Fool is almost always completely apart from the sequence of trumps in the historic decks. Still, there is historic precedent for regarding it as the lowest trump and as the highest trump. Traditionally, the Major Arcana in tarot cards are numbered with Roman numerals. The Fool is numbered with the zero, one of the Arabic numerals. The fool may be the precursor of The Joker. Examples In tarot card games In tarot card reading, the Fool is usually considered part of the Major Arcana. This is not true in tarot card games; the Fool's role in most games is independent of both the plain suit cards and the trump cards, and the card does not belong to either category. As such, most tarot decks originally made for game playing do not assign a number to the Fool indicating its rank in the suit of trumps; it has none. Waite gives the Fool the number 0, but in his book discusses the Fool between Judgment, no. 20, and The World, no. 21. The only traditional game deck that numbers the Fool 0 is the Tarocco Piemontese. Since the 1930s, Tarot Nouveau decks often use a black inverted mullet as the corner index for the Fool. In almost all tarot games, the Fool is one of the most valuable cards. As excuse In most tarot games originating from Italy and France, the Fool has a unique role. In these games, the Fool is sometimes called "the Excuse". Tarot games are typically trick taking games; playing the Fool card excuses the player from either following suit or playing a trump. At the end of the trick, the player then takes back the Fool and adds it to their own trick pile and (in most games) gives the trick's winner the least valuable card from that same pile. If there are no cards to give in exchange, the Fool is worth one point less and an extra point is given to the trick-taker. Or, at the end of the hand, it can be awarded to a player or team that has won all the tricks. Usually the Fool can't be captured but in some games it can be won in the last trick which may yield a scoring bonus. In a minor variant option of French tarot, a player dealt trump 1 but with no other trumps or the Fool can make trump 1 behave the same as the Fool (petit imprenable). However, in official tournament rules, a player in this situation must declare their hand and force a redeal (petit sec). As lowest trump The 18th-century Piedmontese game of Sedici and its variants treated the Fool as the lowest trump. Unlike most games, the Fool is worth only one point. This is similar to the role of the Miseria trump in Sicilian tarocchi. As highest trump In most Central European Tarock games, the Fool, or Sküs, is simply played as the 22nd trump, making it the highest trump in such games. In Königrufen, the Fool can be captured but only if it is played in the same trick with trumps 21 and 1 in which case trump 1 wins; this is called the Emperor's trick or Fairytale trick. In Hungarian Tarock, the player that loses trump 21 to the Fool traditionally has to wear a silly hat. As excuse and highest trump In French tarot and Droggn, the Fool is an excuse but in a rare circumstance it will be the highest trump. If the player who holds the Fool has won all the previous tricks, in the last trick the Fool becomes the highest trump. In Troggu, the Fool is the highest trump but if it is the last trump in the player's possession, the player can elect to throw in another card instead of following suit. Once this occurs, the Fool is no longer a trump but an excuse that must be reserved for the last trick. As excuse and wild card Before and after trick-play of Tarocchini, the Fool and the Magician are called contatori (counters), a limited form of wild cards. They can be used separately or together to fill missing gaps in combinations or extend them but they can't fill in two consecutive gaps in sequential combinations. They can't replace the highest trump or kings. Both cards can be used in every sequence but as the Fool can't be captured while the Magician is vulnerable, the player holding the Magician would want to use it only judiciously. In Grosstarock games, of which Danish tarok is the last survivor, the Fool can take the place of a missing card during declarations before play. However, a meld completed using the Fool is worth only half the points compared to a natural meld. Also, when leading a trick the Fool can turn into the weakest card of any suit the player chooses but it will be sent to the player's trick pile just like an excuse. If, however, the opponents lack the suit named, then they may get the right to set the trick's suit. Interpretations In many esoteric systems of tarot card interpretation, the Fool is interpreted as the protagonist of a story, and the Major Arcana is the path the Fool takes through the great mysteries of life. This path is known traditionally in cartomancy as the "Fool's Journey", and is frequently used to introduce the meaning of Major Arcana cards to beginners. According to A.E. Waite's 1910 book Pictorial Key to the Tarot, the Fool card is associated with: See also Divine madness Sacred fool References Sources A. E. Waite's 1910 Pictorial Key to the Tarot Hajo Banzhaf, Tarot and the Journey of the Hero (2000) G. Ronald Murphy, S.J., The Owl, The Raven, and The Dove: Religious Meaning of the Grimm's Magic Fairy Tales (2000) Mohandas Gandhi: Essential Writings (John Dear, ed. 2002) Juliette Wood, Folklore 109 (1998):15-24, "The Celtic Tarot and the Secret Tradition: A Study in Modern Legend Making" (1998) Vici Dwyer-Thomas: The Fool and her Facebook (2012) Robert Mazlo: A la recherche du Tarot perdu. Les tablettes d'Hermès, , Ramuel Ed. (1998) External links Fool, The Divination

40798138

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Dottin

Georges Dottin

Henri-Georges Dottin (29 October 1863 – 11 January 1928) was a French philologist, Celtic scholar and politician. His magnum opus, La langue gauloise (1918), remained the reference introduction to the Gaulish language until the publication of Pierre-Yves Lambert's La langue gauloise in 1994. It is still widely used today as a textbook in Celtic studies. Biography Henri-Georges Dottin was born on 29 October 1863 in Liancourt, Oise, the son of Charles-Henri Dottin, a tax collector and poet from Liancourt, and Marie-Cléophée-Mathilde Pourcelle, the daughter of Nicolas Florimond Pourcelle (1789–1858), a court bailiff and magistrate from Breteuil, Oise. The family established itself in Laval, Mayenne, where Dottin attended the lycée of Laval. He studied at the University of Rennes, from where he graduated (1884), then at Sorbonne University and the École Pratique des Hautes Études. In 1891, Dottin was awarded the post of lecturer at the University of Dijon. From November 1892, he lectured in Ancient Greek at the University of Rennes in Brittany, at that time a deeply clericalist and conservative region. He married Marie Delaunay on 20 November 1894. In 1896, Dottin became Doctor of Literature, then was appointed Professor of Celtic languages in 1903 at the University of Rennes. Here, he met Victor Basch et , who became his friends and fellow political activists. A left-wing Republican, Dottin took the side of Alfred Dreyfus, a French Jewish officer wrongly convicted of treason in 1894. In January 1899, he exposed "the situation of the proletariat abroad" to the activists of the Rennes Bourse du Travail, and in May of the same year presided over a meeting devoted to the Dreyfus Affair during which several professors from the University of Rennes expressed themselves. In May 1908, Dottin was elected first deputy-mayor of Rennes on the Liste d'Entente des Comités Républicains, a coalition of Republicans, Socialists and anti-clericalists led by , mayor of Rennes from 1908 to 1923. In 1910, Dottin was nominated as dean of the University of Rennes, succeeding Joseph Loth, and he subsequently left his position as first deputy-mayor after another municipal election in May 1912. He nonetheless remained a municipal councillor until his death in 1928. As president of the Comité Radical et Radical-Socialiste de Rennes, Dottin was elected mayor of Rennes in the municipal election of 1925, but chose to leave the position to his friend , who became the first Socialist mayor of the city. In 1919 he was awarded the Legion of Honour and was made correspondent of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. Dottin opposed both the "reactionaries" who, in his words, tried to "maintain the Bretons in ancient prejudices", and the bourgeois and urban elite of Brittany who dismissed education in the Breton language as old-fashioned and as a fertile ground to separatism and nationalism. Instead, he considered that Breton culture and language should not be opposed to Republicanism and French patriotism, and called for the teaching of Breton in elementary schools, high schools, and universities. Georges Dottin died in Rennes on the night of 11–12 January 1928, at the age of 64, having contracted typhoid fever during his convalescence following a prostate operation. His son, (1895–1965), was a linguist. Publications La Croyance à l'immortalité de l'âme chez les anciens Irlandais, Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1886 Notes sur le patois de Montjean (Mayenne), Revue des patois gallo-romans vol. 1 (1887) Les désinences verbales en r en sanskrit, en italique et en celtique, Plihon et Hervé, Rennes, 1896 Glossaire des parlers du Bas-Maine (département de la Mayenne), Welter, Paris, 1899 Glossaire du parler de Pléchâtel (Bain, Ille-et-Vilaine), précédé d'une étude sur les parlers de la Haute-Bretagne et suivi d'un relevé des usages et des traditions de Pléchâtel, Rees, 1901 La Religion des Celtes, 1904 Manuel d'Irlandais Moyen, Slatkine, Paris, 1913 Manuel pour servir a l'étude de l'antiquité celtique, Champion, 2nd ed., Paris, 1915 La Langue Gauloise : Grammaire, Textes et Glossaire, preface by François Falc'hun, C. Klincksieck, Paris, 1918 Les littératures celtique, Collection Payot, Paris, 1924 with J. Ollivier, Anatole Le Braz : Biographie et essai de bibliographie, Champion, Paris, 1928 Les Celtes, Minerva, Genève, 1977 L'Épopée irlandaise, revised ed., 2006 References Bibliography Further reading Janvier, Jean (2000). Quelques souvenirs, Presses universitaires de Rennes. 1863 births 1928 deaths French philologists Celtic studies scholars University of Rennes alumni

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20radiation

Thermal radiation

Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of particles in matter. Thermal radiation is generated when heat from the movement of charges in the material (electrons and protons in common forms of matter) is converted to electromagnetic radiation. All matter with a temperature greater than absolute zero emits thermal radiation. Particle motion results in charge-acceleration or dipole oscillation which produces electromagnetic radiation. Infrared radiation emitted by animals (detectable with an infrared camera) and cosmic microwave background radiation are examples of thermal radiation. If a radiation object meets the physical characteristics of a black body in thermodynamic equilibrium, the radiation is called blackbody radiation. Planck's law describes the spectrum of blackbody radiation, which depends solely on the object's temperature. Wien's displacement law determines the most likely frequency of the emitted radiation, and the Stefan–Boltzmann law gives the radiant intensity. Thermal radiation is also one of the fundamental mechanisms of heat transfer. Overview Thermal radiation is the emission of electromagnetic waves from all matter that has a temperature greater than absolute zero. Thermal radiation reflects the conversion of thermal energy into electromagnetic energy. Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of random movements of atoms and molecules in matter. All matter with a nonzero temperature is composed of particles with kinetic energy. These atoms and molecules are composed of charged particles, i.e., protons and electrons. The kinetic interactions among matter particles result in charge acceleration and dipole oscillation. This results in the electrodynamic generation of coupled electric and magnetic fields, resulting in the emission of photons, radiating energy away from the body. Electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, will propagate indefinitely in vacuum. The characteristics of thermal radiation depend on various properties of the surface from which it is emanating, including its temperature, its spectral emissivity, as expressed by Kirchhoff's law. The radiation is not monochromatic, i.e., it does not consist of only a single frequency, but comprises a continuous spectrum of photon energies, its characteristic spectrum. If the radiating body and its surface are in thermodynamic equilibrium and the surface has perfect absorptivity at all wavelengths, it is characterized as a black body. A black body is also a perfect emitter. The radiation of such perfect emitters is called black-body radiation. The ratio of any body's emission relative to that of a black body is the body's emissivity, so that a black body has an emissivity of unity (i.e., one). Absorptivity, reflectivity, and emissivity of all bodies are dependent on the wavelength of the radiation. Due to reciprocity, absorptivity and emissivity for any particular wavelength are equal – a good absorber is necessarily a good emitter, and a poor absorber is a poor emitter. The temperature determines the wavelength distribution of the electromagnetic radiation. For example, the white paint in the diagram to the right is highly reflective to visible light (reflectivity about 0.80), and so appears white to the human eye due to reflecting sunlight, which has a peak wavelength of about 0.5 micrometers. However, its emissivity at a temperature of about , peak wavelength of about 12 micrometers, is 0.95. Thus, to thermal radiation it appears black. The distribution of power that a black body emits with varying frequency is described by Planck's law. At any given temperature, there is a frequency fmax at which the power emitted is a maximum. Wien's displacement law, and the fact that the frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength, indicates that the peak frequency fmax is proportional to the absolute temperature T of the black body. The photosphere of the sun, at a temperature of approximately 6000 K, emits radiation principally in the (human-)visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Earth's atmosphere is partly transparent to visible light, and the light reaching the surface is absorbed or reflected. Earth's surface emits the absorbed radiation, approximating the behavior of a black body at 300 K with spectral peak at fmax. At these lower frequencies, the atmosphere is largely opaque and radiation from Earth's surface is absorbed or scattered by the atmosphere. Though about 10% of this radiation escapes into space, most is absorbed and then re-emitted by atmospheric gases. It is this spectral selectivity of the atmosphere that is responsible for the planetary greenhouse effect, contributing to global warming and climate change in general (but also critically contributing to climate stability when the composition and properties of the atmosphere are not changing). The incandescent light bulb has a spectrum overlapping the black body spectra of the sun and the earth. Some of the photons emitted by a tungsten light bulb filament at 3000 K are in the visible spectrum. Most of the energy is associated with photons of longer wavelengths; these do not help a person see, but still transfer heat to the environment, as can be deduced empirically by observing an incandescent light bulb. Whenever EM radiation is emitted and then absorbed, heat is transferred. This principle is used in microwave ovens, laser cutting, and RF hair removal. Unlike conductive and convective forms of heat transfer, thermal radiation can be concentrated in a tiny spot by using reflecting mirrors, which concentrating solar power takes advantage of. Instead of mirrors, Fresnel lenses can also be used to concentrate radiant energy. (In principle, any kind of lens can be used, but only the Fresnel lens design is practical for very large lenses.) Either method can be used to quickly vaporize water into steam using sunlight. For example, the sunlight reflected from mirrors heats the PS10 Solar Power Plant, and during the day it can heat water to . Surface effects Lighter colors and also whites and metallic substances absorb less of the illuminating light, and as a result heat up less; but otherwise color makes little difference as regards heat transfer between an object at everyday temperatures and its surroundings, since the dominant emitted wavelengths are nowhere near the visible spectrum, but rather in the far infrared. Emissivities at those wavelengths are largely unrelated to visual emissivities (visible colors); in the far infra-red, most objects have high emissivities. Thus, except in sunlight, the color of clothing makes little difference as regards warmth; likewise, paint color of houses makes little difference to warmth except when the painted part is sunlit. The main exception to this is shiny metal surfaces, which have low emissivities both in the visible wavelengths and in the far infrared. Such surfaces can be used to reduce heat transfer in both directions; an example of this is the multi-layer insulation used to insulate spacecraft. Low-emissivity windows in houses are a more complicated technology, since they must have low emissivity at thermal wavelengths while remaining transparent to visible light. Nanostructures with spectrally selective thermal emittance properties offer numerous technological applications for energy generation and efficiency, e.g., for cooling photovoltaic cells and buildings. These applications require high emittance in the frequency range corresponding to the atmospheric transparency window in 8 to 13 micron wavelength range. A selective emitter radiating strongly in this range is thus exposed to the clear sky, enabling the use of the outer space as a very low temperature heat sink. Personalized cooling technology is another example of an application where optical spectral selectivity can be beneficial. Conventional personal cooling is typically achieved through heat conduction and convection. However, the human body is a very efficient emitter of infrared radiation, which provides an additional cooling mechanism. Most conventional fabrics are opaque to infrared radiation and block thermal emission from the body to the environment. Fabrics for personalized cooling applications have been proposed that enable infrared transmission to directly pass through clothing, while being opaque at visible wavelengths, allowing the wearer to remain cooler. Properties There are 4 main properties that characterize thermal radiation (in the limit of the far field): Thermal radiation emitted by a body at any temperature consists of a wide range of frequencies. The frequency distribution is given by Planck's law of black-body radiation for an idealized emitter as shown in the diagram at top. The dominant frequency (or color) range of the emitted radiation shifts to higher frequencies as the temperature of the emitter increases. For example, a red hot object radiates mainly in the long wavelengths (red and orange) of the visible band. If it is heated further, it also begins to emit discernible amounts of green and blue light, and the spread of frequencies in the entire visible range cause it to appear white to the human eye; it is white hot. Even at a white-hot temperature of 2000 K, 99% of the energy of the radiation is still in the infrared. This is determined by Wien's displacement law. In the diagram the peak value for each curve moves to the left as the temperature increases. The total amount of radiation of all frequency increases steeply as the temperature rises; it grows as T4, where T is the absolute temperature of the body. An object at the temperature of a kitchen oven, about twice the room temperature on the absolute temperature scale (600 K vs. 300 K) radiates 16 times as much power per unit area. An object at the temperature of the filament in an incandescent light bulb—roughly 3000 K, or 10 times room temperature—radiates 10,000 times as much energy per unit area. The total radiative intensity of a black body rises as the fourth power of the absolute temperature, as expressed by the Stefan–Boltzmann law. In the plot, the area under each curve grows rapidly as the temperature increases. The rate of electromagnetic radiation emitted at a given frequency is proportional to the amount of absorption that it would experience by the source, a property known as reciprocity. Thus, a surface that absorbs more red light thermally radiates more red light. This principle applies to all properties of the wave, including wavelength (color), direction, polarization, and even coherence, so that it is quite possible to have thermal radiation which is polarized, coherent, and directional, though polarized and coherent forms are fairly rare in nature far from sources (in terms of wavelength). See section below for more on this qualification. As for photon statistics thermal light obeys Super-Poissonian statistics. Near-field and far-field The general properties of thermal radiation as described by Planck's law apply if the linear dimension of all parts considered, as well as radii of curvature of all surfaces are large compared with the wavelength of the ray considered' (typically from 8-25 micrometres for the emitter at 300 K). Indeed, thermal radiation as discussed above takes only radiating waves (far-field, or electromagnetic radiation) into account. A more sophisticated framework involving electromagnetic theory must be used for smaller distances from the thermal source or surface (near-field radiative heat transfer). For example, although far-field thermal radiation at distances from surfaces of more than one wavelength is generally not coherent to any extent, near-field thermal radiation (i.e., radiation at distances of a fraction of various radiation wavelengths) may exhibit a degree of both temporal and spatial coherence. Planck's law of thermal radiation has been challenged in recent decades by predictions and successful demonstrations of the radiative heat transfer between objects separated by nanoscale gaps that deviate significantly from the law predictions. This deviation is especially strong (up to several orders in magnitude) when the emitter and absorber support surface polariton modes that can couple through the gap separating cold and hot objects. However, to take advantage of the surface-polariton-mediated near-field radiative heat transfer, the two objects need to be separated by ultra-narrow gaps on the order of microns or even nanometers. This limitation significantly complicates practical device designs. Another way to modify the object thermal emission spectrum is by reducing the dimensionality of the emitter itself. This approach builds upon the concept of confining electrons in quantum wells, wires and dots, and tailors thermal emission by engineering confined photon states in two- and three-dimensional potential traps, including wells, wires, and dots. Such spatial confinement concentrates photon states and enhances thermal emission at select frequencies. To achieve the required level of photon confinement, the dimensions of the radiating objects should be on the order of or below the thermal wavelength predicted by Planck's law. Most importantly, the emission spectrum of thermal wells, wires and dots deviates from Planck's law predictions not only in the near field, but also in the far field, which significantly expands the range of their applications. Subjective color to the eye of a black body thermal radiator Selected radiant heat fluxes The time to a damage from exposure to radiative heat is a function of the rate of delivery of the heat. Radiative heat flux and effects: (1 W/cm2 = 10 kW/m2) Interchange of energy Thermal radiation is one of the three principal mechanisms of heat transfer. It entails the emission of a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation due to an object's temperature. Other mechanisms are convection and conduction. Radiation heat transfer is characteristically different from the other two in that it does not require a medium and, in fact it reaches maximum efficiency in a vacuum. Electromagnetic radiation has some proper characteristics depending on the frequency and wavelengths of the radiation. The phenomenon of radiation is not yet fully understood. Two theories have been used to explain radiation; however neither of them is perfectly satisfactory. First, the earlier theory which originated from the concept of a hypothetical medium referred as ether. Ether supposedly fills all evacuated or non-evacuated spaces. The transmission of light or of radiant heat are allowed by the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the ether. television and radio broadcasting waves are types of electromagnetic waves with specific wavelengths. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed; therefore, shorter wavelengths are associated with high frequencies. Since every body or fluid is submerged in the ether, due to the vibration of the molecules, any body or fluid can potentially initiate an electromagnetic wave. All bodies generate and receive electromagnetic waves at the expense of its stored energy The second theory of radiation is best known as the quantum theory and was first offered by Max Planck in 1900. According to this theory, energy emitted by a radiator is not continuous but is in the form of quanta. Planck claimed that quantities had different sizes and frequencies of vibration similarly to the wave theory. The energy E is found by the expression E = hν, where h is the Planck's constant and ν is the frequency. Higher frequencies are originated by high temperatures and create an increase of energy in the quantum. While the propagation of electromagnetic waves of all wavelengths is often referred as "radiation," thermal radiation is often constrained to the visible and infrared regions. For engineering purposes, it may be stated that thermal radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation which varies on the nature of a surface and its temperature. Radiation waves may travel in unusual patterns compared to conduction heat flow. Radiation allows waves to travel from a heated body through a cold nonabsorbing or partially absorbing medium and reach a warmer body again. This is the case of the radiation waves that travel from the sun to the earth. The interplay of energy exchange by thermal radiation is characterized by the following equation: Here, represents the spectral absorption component, spectral reflection component and the spectral transmission component. These elements are a function of the wavelength () of the electromagnetic radiation. The spectral absorption is equal to the emissivity ; this relation is known as Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation. An object is called a black body if this holds for all frequencies, and the following formula applies: Reflectivity deviates from the other properties in that it is bidirectional in nature. In other words, this property depends on the direction of the incident of radiation as well as the direction of the reflection. Therefore, the reflected rays of a radiation spectrum incident on a real surface in a specified direction forms an irregular shape that is not easily predictable. In practice, surfaces are often assumed to reflect either in a perfectly specular or a diffuse manner. In a specular reflection, the angles of reflection and incidence are equal. In diffuse reflection, radiation is reflected equally in all directions. Reflection from smooth and polished surfaces can be assumed to be specular reflection, whereas reflection from rough surfaces approximates diffuse reflection. In radiation analysis a surface is defined as smooth if the height of the surface roughness is much smaller relative to the wavelength of the incident radiation. In a practical situation and room-temperature setting, humans lose considerable energy due to thermal radiation in infra-red in addition to that lost by conduction to air (aided by concurrent convection, or other air movement like drafts). The heat energy lost is partially regained by absorbing heat radiation from walls or other surroundings. (Heat gained by conduction would occur for air temperature higher than body temperature.) Otherwise, body temperature is maintained from generated heat through internal metabolism. Human skin has an emissivity of very close to 1.0. Using the formulas below shows a human, having roughly in surface area, and a temperature of about 307 K, continuously radiates approximately 1000 watts. If people are indoors, surrounded by surfaces at 296 K, they receive back about 900 watts from the wall, ceiling, and other surroundings, so the net loss is only about 100 watts. These heat transfer estimates are highly dependent on extrinsic variables, such as wearing clothes, i.e. decreasing total thermal circuit conductivity, therefore reducing total output heat flux. Only truly gray systems (relative equivalent emissivity/absorptivity and no directional transmissivity dependence in all control volume bodies considered) can achieve reasonable steady-state heat flux estimates through the Stefan-Boltzmann law. Encountering this "ideally calculable" situation is almost impossible (although common engineering procedures surrender the dependency of these unknown variables and "assume" this to be the case). Optimistically, these "gray" approximations will get close to real solutions, as most divergence from Stefan-Boltzmann solutions is very small (especially in most STP lab controlled environments). If objects appear white (reflective in the visual spectrum), they are not necessarily equally reflective (and thus non-emissive) in the thermal infrared – see the diagram at the left. Most household radiators are painted white, which is sensible given that they are not hot enough to radiate any significant amount of heat, and are not designed as thermal radiators at all – instead, they are actually convectors, and painting them matt black would make little difference to their efficacy. Acrylic and urethane based white paints have 93% blackbody radiation efficiency at room temperature (meaning the term "black body" does not always correspond to the visually perceived color of an object). These materials that do not follow the "black color = high emissivity/absorptivity" caveat will most likely have functional spectral emissivity/absorptivity dependence. Calculation of radiative heat transfer between groups of object, including a 'cavity' or 'surroundings' requires solution of a set of simultaneous equations using the radiosity method. In these calculations, the geometrical configuration of the problem is distilled to a set of numbers called view factors, which give the proportion of radiation leaving any given surface that hits another specific surface. These calculations are important in the fields of solar thermal energy, boiler and furnace design and raytraced computer graphics. A selective surface can be used when energy is being extracted from the sun. Selective surfaces can also be used on solar collectors. We can find out how much help a selective surface coating is by looking at the equilibrium temperature of a plate that is being heated through solar radiation. If the plate is receiving a solar irradiation of 1350 W/m2 (minimum is 1325 W/m2 on 4 July and maximum is 1418 W/m2 on 3 January) from the sun the temperature of the plate where the radiation leaving is equal to the radiation being received by the plate is 393 K (248 °F). If the plate has a selective surface with an emissivity of 0.9 and a cut off wavelength of 2.0 μm, the equilibrium temperature is approximately 1250 K (1790 °F). The calculations were made neglecting convective heat transfer and neglecting the solar irradiation absorbed in the clouds/atmosphere for simplicity, the theory is still the same for an actual problem. To reduce the heat transfer from a surface, such as a glass window, a clear reflective film with a low emissivity coating can be placed on the interior of the surface. "Low-emittance (low-E) coatings are microscopically thin, virtually invisible, metal or metallic oxide layers deposited on a window or skylight glazing surface primarily to reduce the U-factor by suppressing radiative heat flow". By adding this coating we are limiting the amount of radiation that leaves the window thus increasing the amount of heat that is retained inside the window. Since any electromagnetic radiation, including thermal radiation, conveys momentum as well as energy, thermal radiation also induces very small forces on the radiating or absorbing objects. Normally these forces are negligible, but they must be taken into account when considering spacecraft navigation. The Pioneer anomaly, where the motion of the craft slightly deviated from that expected from gravity alone, was eventually tracked down to asymmetric thermal radiation from the spacecraft. Similarly, the orbits of asteroids are perturbed since the asteroid absorbs solar radiation on the side facing the sun, but then re-emits the energy at a different angle as the rotation of the asteroid carries the warm surface out of the sun's view (the YORP effect). Radiative power Thermal radiation power of a black body per unit area of radiating surface per unit of solid angle and per unit frequency is given by Planck's law as: or instead of per unit frequency, per unit wavelength as This formula mathematically follows from calculation of spectral distribution of energy in quantized electromagnetic field which is in complete thermal equilibrium with the radiating object. Plancks law shows that radiative energy increases with temperature, and explains why the peak of an emission spectrum shifts to shorter wavelengths at higher temperatures. It can also be found that energy emitted at shorter wavelengths increases more rapidly with temperature relative to longer wavelengths. The equation is derived as an infinite sum over all possible frequencies in a semi-sphere region. The energy, , of each photon is multiplied by the number of states available at that frequency, and the probability that each of those states will be occupied. Integrating the above equation over the power output given by the Stefan–Boltzmann law is obtained, as: where the constant of proportionality is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant and is the radiating surface area. The wavelength , for which the emission intensity is highest, is given by Wien's displacement law as: For surfaces which are not black bodies, one has to consider the (generally frequency dependent) emissivity factor . This factor has to be multiplied with the radiation spectrum formula before integration. If it is taken as a constant, the resulting formula for the power output can be written in a way that contains as a factor: This type of theoretical model, with frequency-independent emissivity lower than that of a perfect black body, is often known as a grey body. For frequency-dependent emissivity, the solution for the integrated power depends on the functional form of the dependence, though in general there is no simple expression for it. Practically speaking, if the emissivity of the body is roughly constant around the peak emission wavelength, the gray body model tends to work fairly well since the weight of the curve around the peak emission tends to dominate the integral. Constants Definitions of constants used in the above equations: Variables Definitions of variables, with example values: Radiative heat transfer The net radiative heat transfer from one surface to another is the radiation leaving the first surface for the other minus that arriving from the second surface. Formulas for radiative heat transfer can be derived for more particular or more elaborate physical arrangements, such as between parallel plates, concentric spheres and the internal surfaces of a cylinder. See also Incandescence Infrared photography Interior radiation control coating Heat transfer Planck radiation Radiant cooling Sakuma–Hattori equation Thermal dose unit View factor References Further reading E.M. Sparrow and R.D. Cess. Radiation Heat Transfer. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1978. Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing: Kuenzer, C. and S. Dech (2013): Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing: Sensors, Methods, Applications (= Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing 17). Dordrecht: Springer. External links Black Body Emission Calculator Heat transfer Atmospheric Radiation Infrared Temperature Calibration 101 Electromagnetic radiation Heat transfer Thermodynamics

15261743

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object%20categorization%20from%20image%20search

Object categorization from image search

In computer vision, the problem of object categorization from image search is the problem of training a classifier to recognize categories of objects, using only the images retrieved automatically with an Internet search engine. Ideally, automatic image collection would allow classifiers to be trained with nothing but the category names as input. This problem is closely related to that of content-based image retrieval (CBIR), where the goal is to return better image search results rather than training a classifier for image recognition. Traditionally, classifiers are trained using sets of images that are labeled by hand. Collecting such a set of images is often a very time-consuming and laborious process. The use of Internet search engines to automate the process of acquiring large sets of labeled images has been described as a potential way of greatly facilitating computer vision research. Challenges Unrelated images One problem with using Internet image search results as a training set for a classifier is the high percentage of unrelated images within the results. It has been estimated that, when a search engine such as Google images is queried with the name of an object category (such as airplane?, up to 85% of the returned images are unrelated to the category. Intra-class variability Another challenge posed by using Internet image search results as training sets for classifiers is that there is a high amount of variability within object categories, when compared with categories found in hand-labeled datasets such as Caltech 101 and Pascal. Images of objects can vary widely in a number of important factors, such as scale, pose, lighting, number of objects, and amount of occlusion. pLSA approach In a 2005 paper by Fergus et al., pLSA (probabilistic latent semantic analysis) and extensions of this model were applied to the problem of object categorization from image search. pLSA was originally developed for document classification, but has since been applied to computer vision. It makes the assumption that images are documents that fit the bag of words model. Model Just as text documents are made up of words, each of which may be repeated within the document and across documents, images can be modeled as combinations of visual words. Just as the entire set of text words are defined by a dictionary, the entire set of visual words is defined in a codeword dictionary. pLSA divides documents into topics as well. Just as knowing the topic(s) of an article allows you to make good guesses about the kinds of words that will appear in it, the distribution of words in an image is dependent on the underlying topics. The pLSA model tells us the probability of seeing each word given the category in terms of topics : An important assumption made in this model is that and are conditionally independent given . Given a topic, the probability of a certain word appearing as part of that topic is independent of the rest of the image. Training this model involves finding and that maximizes the likelihood of the observed words in each document. To do this, the expectation maximization algorithm is used, with the following objective function: Application ABS-pLSA Absolute position pLSA (ABS-pLSA) attaches location information to each visual word by localizing it to one of X 揵ins?in the image. Here, represents which of the bins the visual word falls into. The new equation is: and can be solved for in a manner similar to the original pLSA problem, using the EM algorithm A problem with this model is that it is not translation or scale invariant. Since the positions of the visual words are absolute, changing the size of the object in the image or moving it would have a significant impact on the spatial distribution of the visual words into different bins. TSI-pLSA Translation and scale invariant pLSA (TSI-pLSA). This model extends pLSA by adding another latent variable, which describes the spatial location of the target object in an image. Now, the position of a visual word is given relative to this object location, rather than as an absolute position in the image. The new equation is: Again, the parameters and can be solved using the EM algorithm. can be assumed to be a uniform distribution. Implementation Selecting words Words in an image were selected using 4 different feature detectors: Kadir–Brady saliency detector Multi-scale Harris detector Difference of Gaussians Edge based operator, described in the study Using these 4 detectors, approximately 700 features were detected per image. These features were then encoded as Scale-invariant feature transform descriptors, and vector quantized to match one of 350 words contained in a codebook. The codebook was precomputed from features extracted from a large number of images spanning numerous object categories. Possible object locations One important question in the TSI-pLSA model is how to determine the values that the random variable can take on. It is a 4-vector, whose components describe the object抯 centroid as well as x and y scales that define a bounding box around the object, so the space of possible values it can take on is enormous. To limit the number of possible object locations to a reasonable number, normal pLSA is first carried out on the set of images, and for each topic a Gaussian mixture model is fit over the visual words, weighted by . Up to Gaussians are tried (allowing for multiple instances of an object in a single image), where is a constant. Performance The authors of the Fergus et al. paper compared performance of the three pLSA algorithms (pLSA, ABS-pLSA, and TSI-pLSA) on handpicked datasets and images returned from Google searches. Performance was measured as the error rate when classifying images in a test set as either containing the image or containing only background. As expected, training directly on Google data gives higher error rates than training on prepared data.? In about half of the object categories tested do ABS-pLSA and TSI-pLSA perform significantly better than regular pLSA, and in only 2 categories out of 7 does TSI-pLSA perform better than the other two models. OPTIMOL OPTIMOL (automatic Online Picture collection via Incremental MOdel Learning) approaches the problem of learning object categories from online image searches by addressing model learning and searching simultaneously. OPTIMOL is an iterative model that updates its model of the target object category while concurrently retrieving more relevant images. General framework OPTIMOL was presented as a general iterative framework that is independent of the specific model used for category learning. The algorithm is as follows: Download a large set of images from the Internet by searching for a keyword Initialize the dataset with seed images While more images needed in the dataset: Learn the model with most recently added dataset images Classify downloaded images using the updated model Add accepted images to the dataset Note that only the most recently added images are used in each round of learning. This allows the algorithm to run on an arbitrarily large number of input images. Model The two categories (target object and background) are modeled as Hierarchical Dirichlet processes (HDPs). As in the pLSA approach, it is assumed that the images can be described with the bag of words model. HDP models the distributions of an unspecified number of topics across images in a category, and across categories. The distribution of topics among images in a single category is modeled as a Dirichlet process (a type of non-parametric probability distribution). To allow the sharing of topics across classes, each of these Dirichlet processes is modeled as a sample from another 損arent?Dirichlet process. HDP was first described by Teh et al. in 2005. Implementation Initialization The dataset must be initialized, or seeded with an original batch of images which serve as good exemplars of the object category to be learned. These can be gathered automatically, using the first page or so of images returned by the search engine (which tend to be better than the subsequent images). Alternatively, the initial images can be gathered by hand. Model learning To learn the various parameters of the HDP in an incremental manner, Gibbs sampling is used over the latent variables. It is carried out after each new set of images is incorporated into the dataset. Gibbs sampling involves repeatedly sampling from a set of random variables in order to approximate their distributions. Sampling involves generating a value for the random variable in question, based on the state of the other random variables on which it is dependent. Given sufficient samples, a reasonable approximation of the value can be achieved. Classification At each iteration, and can be obtained from model learned after the previous round of Gibbs sampling, where is a topic, is a category, and is a single visual word. The likelihood of an image being in a certain class, then, is: This is computed for each new candidate image per iteration. The image is classified as belonging to the category with the highest likelihood. Addition to the dataset and "cache set" In order to qualify for incorporation into the dataset, however, an image must satisfy a stronger condition: Where and are foreground (object) and background categories, respectively, and the ratio of constants describes the risk of accepting false positives and false negatives. They are adjusted automatically at every iteration, with the cost of a false positive set higher than that of a false negative. This ensures that a better dataset is collected. Once an image is accepted by meeting the above criterion and incorporated into the dataset, however, it needs to meet another criterion before it is incorporated into the 揷ache set敆the set of images to be used for training. This set is intended to be a diverse subset of the set of accepted images. If the model were trained on all accepted images, it might become more and more highly specialized, only accepting images very similar to previous ones. Performance Performance of the OPTIMOL method is defined by three factors: Ability to collect images: OPTIMOL, it is found, can automatically collect large numbers of good images from the web. The size of the OPTIMOL-retrieved image sets surpass that of large human-labeled image sets for the same categories, such as those found in Caltech 101. Classification accuracy: Classification accuracy was compared to the accuracy displayed by the classifier yielded by the pLSA methods discussed earlier. It was discovered that OPTIMOL achieved slightly higher accuracy, obtaining 74.8% accuracy on 7 object categories, as compared to 72.0%. Comparison with batch learning: An important question to address is whether OPTIMOL's incremental learning gives it an advantage over traditional batch learning methods, when everything else about the model is held constant. When the classifier learns incrementally, by selecting the next images based on what it learned from the previous ones, three important results are observed: Incremental learning allows OPTIMOL to collect a better dataset Incremental learning allows OPTIMOL to learn faster (by discarding irrelevant images) Incremental learning does not negatively affect the ROC curve of the classifier; in fact, incremental learning yielded an improvement Object categorization in content-based image retrieval Typically, image searches only make use of text associated with images. The problem of content-based image retrieval is that of improving search results by taking into account visual information contained in the images themselves. Several CBIR methods make use of classifiers trained on image search results, to refine the search. In other words, object categorization from image search is one component of the system. OPTIMOL, for example, uses a classifier trained on images collected during previous iterations to select additional images for the returned dataset. Examples of CBIR methods that model object categories from image search are: Fergus et al., 2004 Berg and Forsyth, 2006 Yanai and Barnard, 2006 References See also Probabilistic latent semantic analysis Latent Dirichlet allocation Machine learning Bag of words model Content-based image retrieval Object recognition and categorization Image search

31708963

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20F2000%20Championship%20Series

2009 F2000 Championship Series

The 2009 F2000 Championship Series season was the fourth season of competition in the series. It consisted of 12 rounds (six double-race weekends), beginning April 10 at Virginia International Raceway and concluding August 16 at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course. Chris Miller driving for JDC MotorSports won four races and on his way to the close fought championship over the St. Clair Motorsports entry of Matthew Inge as well as other contenders Remy Audette and Benjamin Searcy. Tom Fatur won the Masters' championship over Tim Minor by only 7 points despite Minor competing in only six races and Fatur driving the entire schedule. Race calendar and results Championship results This list only contains drivers who registered for the championship. (M) indicates driver is participating in Masters Class for drivers over 40 years of age. External links Official Series Website F2000 Championship Series seasons F2000

28573548

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%202600%20homebrew

Atari 2600 homebrew

Atari 2600 homebrew is a term describing hobbyist-developed games for the Atari 2600 video game console. The first such game was written in 1995, and more than 100 have been released since then. The majority of games are unlicensed clones of games for other platforms, and many were written for the technical challenge. There are also ROM hacks and some original games. Several games have received attention outside the hobbyist community. Some have been included in a game anthology by Activision. With severe resource limitations such as only 128 bytes of RAM and no video frame buffer, the 2600 is a difficult machine to program. Emulators, the Batari Basic language, and freely available documentation, can help the hobbyist developer. There is an active community of Atari 2600 developers—the largest among classic systems. History The Atari 2600 game console was introduced to the market by Atari, Inc. in 1977 as the Atari Video Computer System or Atari VCS for short. Hundreds of games from dozens of companies have been released for the system, with some selling millions of copies, such as Missile Command and Pitfall!. The 2600 continued to be manufactured throughout the 1980s, long past its peak years, until Atari Corporation dropped support in January 1992. The next year, Harry Dodgson released the first hobbyist-produced cartridge: 7800/2600 Monitor Cartridge. It is a development tool that, after attempting to get Atari interested Dodgson decided to manufacture on his own. He purchased a batch of Atari 7800 Hat Trick games at Big Lots for a dollar or less each and cannibalized the parts. He advertised the cartridge on Usenet and in a catalog for game seller Video 61, ultimately selling around 25 copies. In 1995—three years after Atari's withdrawal of the 2600 from the marketplace—enthusiast Ed Federmeyer released SoundX, a cartridge to demonstrate the sound capabilities of the system. Federmeyer used the term homebrew to describe hobbyist-driven development, inspired by the California Homebrew Computer Club of the 1970s. After designing the cartridge for his own use, Federmeyer advertised it on Usenet, followed by an unlicensed port of Tetris. Since then, over 100 games have been released, many published by AtariAge. Types of projects Most hobbyist-developed Atari 2600 games were created for the technical challenge, not as exercises in game design, and are unlicensed clones of arcade and computer games that were popular during the 1980s. Lady Bug, released by John W. Champeau in 2006, is an implementation of the 1981 Universal arcade game. Juno First, released by Chris Walton in 2009, borrows the name and design of the 1983 Konami arcade game; and Thrust, released by Thomas Jentzsch in 2000, is a clone of the BBC Micro game of the same name. Other programmers have implemented Sea Wolf (as Seawolf), Tetris (as Edtris 2600), and Caverns of Mars (as Conquest of Mars). The 2600 version of Star Castle was undertaken because it had previously been said that "a decent version couldn’t be done." Several releases have expanded upon earlier games. Warring Worms, by Billy Eno (2002), takes the core design of Surround and adds new gameplay modes, such as the ability to fire shots at the opponent. Medieval Mayhem by, Darrell Spice Jr., is a version of the 1980 arcade game Warlords which includes elements omitted from Atari's official port. While the majority of the hobbyist development community uses designs from existing games, there are also original titles. In SCSIcide, released by Joe Grand in 2001, the player acts as a hard drive read head picking up color-coded data bits as they fly past. Oystron, released by Piero Cavina in 1997, is an action game in which "space oysters" are opened and pearls collected to earn ammunition. Duck Attack! allows the player to battle giant, fire-breathing ducks in a quest to save the world from a mad scientist. A demake is a port from a system generations past the 2600. Halo 2600 is a 4 KB game inspired by the Halo series of games. It was written by former Microsoft vice-president Ed Fries, who was involved in Microsoft's acquisition of Halo creator Bungie. Other 2600 demakes include the Portal-inspired Super 3D Portals 6 and a demo based on the Mega Man franchise. ROM hacking modifies existing ROM images. Modifications typically include new graphics and game colors, but may also include gameplay modifications and the ability to use a different controller than the one for which the game was originally designed. One hack target is the 2600 version of Pac-Man, in which the graphic elements are reworked to more closely resemble the arcade version. Games In 2003, Activision selected several homebrew 2600 games for inclusion in the Game Boy Advance version of its Activision Anthology: Climber 5 by Dennis Debro (2004), Okie Dokie by Bob Colbert (1996), Skeleton+ by Eric Ball (2003), Space Treat Deluxe by Fabrizio Zavagli (2003), Vault Assault by Brian Prescott (2001), Video Euchre by Erik Eid (2002), and Oystron. In 2005, SCSIcide, Oystron, Warring Worms, Skeleton+, and Marble Craze by Paul Slocum (2002) were listed as the "Best 2600 Homebrew Games" in the book Gaming Hacks: 100 Industrial-Strength Tips & Tools by Simon Carless. Games that have received attention outside the hobbyist development community include Halo 2600, Duck Attack!, and A-VCS-tec Challenge by Simon Quernhorst (2006), an unofficial port of the 1981 Atari 8-bit family game Aztec Challenge. In May 2018 it was announced that the Retron 77, a clone of the Atari 2600 console, would include four homebrew pack in-games: Astronomer, Baby, Muncher 77, and Nexion 3D. Development The Atari 2600 is generally considered to be a very demanding programming environment, with a mere 128 bytes of RAM and no video frame buffer at all. The programmer must prepare each line of video output as it is being sent to the television. The only sprite capabilities are one-dimensional 1-bit and 8-bit patterns; creating a two-dimensional object requires changing the pattern between each line of video. Games are often developed using Atari 2600 emulators such as Stella and Z26. Unlike later consoles, the 2600 will run any properly configured cartridge without checking for a digital signature or performing any other type of authentication. It was this aspect of the system that enabled third-party companies such as Activision and Imagic to develop Atari 2600 games without Atari's consent in the 1980s. This led Atari to incorporate authentication features in its later console, the Atari 7800, to prevent other companies from creating and selling their own 7800 games without Atari's permission. With third-party hardware such as the Cuttle Cart and Harmony Cartridge, developers could load in-progress games onto a physical Atari console to test. The Cuttle Cart, developed by Chad Schell in the early 2000s, was designed to be compatible with the Starpath Supercharger, and allows ROM images to be loaded via an 1/8" minijack audio interface such as a cassette tape or CD player. Batari Basic As the 2600 uses the 6507, a variant of the MOS Technology 6502 processor, most games are written in 6502 assembly language. In 2007, developer Fred X. Quimby released the Batari Basic compiler allowing developers to write games in BASIC, a high-level programming language. Game designer and Georgia Institute of Technology associate professor Ian Bogost has used Batari Basic in his classes to teach students video game concepts and history. An integrated development environment for Microsoft Windows, Visual Batari Basic, is also available. See also Stella (emulator) References External links AtariAge: Atari 2600 programming Batari Basic, a BASIC compiler for the Atari 2600 Homebrew Homebrew software Video game development

70055055

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawe%C5%82%20Le%C5%9Bniak

Paweł Leśniak

Paweł Leśniak (born 22 February 1989) is a Polish former footballer who is last known to have played as a midfielder for MFK Tatran Liptovský Mikuláš. Career Before the second half of 2007–08, Leśniak signed for Polish third tier side Kolejarz Stróże. In 2010, he signed for Sandecja Nowy Sącz in the Polish second tier, where he made 24 appearances and scored 0 goals. On 29 August 2010, Leśniak debuted for Sandecja Nowy Sącz during a 2-1 win over Kolejarz Stróże. In 2014, he signed for Slovak club MFK Tatran Liptovský Mikuláš but left due to not being registered within the deadline. At the age of 26, he retired from professional football to become an author. References External links Polish footballers Living people Polish expatriate sportspeople in Slovakia Association football midfielders 1989 births III liga players II liga players Kolejarz Stróże players MFK Tatran Liptovský Mikuláš players Sandecja Nowy Sącz players I liga players Expatriate footballers in Slovakia Polish expatriate footballers Sportspeople from Nowy Sącz

30526116

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euglandina%20radula

Euglandina radula

Euglandina radula is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae. References Spiraxidae Gastropods described in 1875

7341905

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic%20Plain

Atlantic Plain

The Atlantic Plain is one of eight distinct United States physiographic regions. This major division consists of the Continental Shelf and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces. It is the flattest of the U.S. physiographic divisions and stretches over in length from Cape Cod to the Mexican border and southward an additional to the Yucatán Peninsula. The central and southern Atlantic Coast is characterized by barrier and drowned valley coasts. The coastal Atlantic plain features nearly continuous barriers interrupted by inlets, large embayments with drowned river valleys, and extensive wetlands and marshes. The Atlantic plain slopes gently seaward from the inland highlands in a series of terraces. This gentle slope continues far into the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, forming the continental shelf. The relief at the land-sea interface is so low that the boundary between them is often blurry and indistinct, especially along stretches of the Louisiana bayous and the Florida Everglades. Coastal Plains This province consists of the following physiographic sections: the Embayed, Sea Island, Floridian, East Gulf Coastal Plain, Mississippi Alluvial Plain, and the West Gulf Coastal Plain. The "rocks" consist for the most part of layers of sand and clay which are not yet hardened into sandstone and shale. The surface is generally flat. Geology The Atlantic Plain is generally gently dipping undeformed Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments, with the sedimentary wedge thickening toward the sea, reaching a maximum thickness of about 3 kilometers (10,000 ft) in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. References Physiographic regions of the United States Geography of the United States

5324524

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somanya

Somanya

Somanya is a town and the capital of Yilo Krobo District, a district in the Eastern Region of south Ghana. Somanya has a 2013 settlement population of 20,596 people. Because the town is surrounded by a number of farming communities to the north of it, the name Somanya is used to encompass a collection of smaller communities around a bigger one. As a result, the 2010 Population and Housing Census conducted by the Government of Ghana put the population of Somanya at 87,847, representing 3.3% of the region's total population. Males constitute 48.2 percent of the population while females represent 51.8 percent, according to the Ghana Census Bureau. The entire Krobo district is described as rural, and Somanya is the municipal district center of the surrounding smaller towns. With the capital of Ghana, Accra, rapidly expanding northwards, the traveling distance between Somanya and Accra is shrinking and now is around . The temperatures are highest on average in March, at around 28.4 °C. At 25.1 °C on average, August is the coldest month of the year. Household size, composition, and structure The municipal has a household population of 86,567 with a total number of 20,613 households. The average household size in the municipality is 4.2 persons per household. Children constitute the largest proportion of the household structure accounting for 39.4 percent. Spouses form about 10.5 percent. Nuclear households (head, spouse(s) and children) constitute 26.3 percent of the total number of households in the district. References Populated places in the Eastern Region (Ghana)

5794916

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PZL.50%20Jastrz%C4%85b

PZL.50 Jastrząb

The PZL.50 Jastrząb (hawk) was a Polish pre-war fighter aircraft design by Wsiewołod Jakimiuk of the PZL works. The single-seat low-wing monoplane was to serve as a multi-purpose fighter and escort to replace all other fighters in the Polish Air Force. Designed after 1936, its prototype first flew in February 1939. A further two prototypes were under construction by the time of the Invasion of Poland, but the fighter never entered mass production. Design and development In early 1930s the Polish Air Force was equipped with the then state-of-the-art PZL P.11 all-metal high-wing monoplanes, the latest of a family of fighter aircraft designed by Zygmunt Puławski. However, by the end of decade they had become obsolete, as new fighter and bomber aircraft with higher performance started to appear. There was no development carried out on other fighters, apart from PZL P.24 export variants of Puławski's P.11 design. By the mid-1930s, the Polish Air Force Command led by Gen. Ludomił Rayski expected, that a basic Polish general-purpose fighter and light bomber would be a twin-engine heavy fighter-bomber PZL.38 Wilk, supplemented by a light, cheap low-wing monoplane PZL.39/LWS-4. While potentially a suitable design, the PZL.38 had problems finding proper engines and the estimated performance of the PZL.39 was too low (maximum speed ), resulting in both programs being canceled. Future wartime experience showed, that heavy fighters were not well matched against fast single-engine interceptors. It became evident that the Air Force needed a modern interceptor aircraft to defend the country, and at last, in October 1936, the Armament Committee (KSUS) submitted a demand for such an interceptor. In late 1936, Rayski ordered the PZL (National Aviation Works)'s Chief Designer Wsiewołod Jakimiuk, a lead designer of the P.11c, to abandon work on the PZL.44 Wicher passenger airliner, and to start work on a modern single-engine fighter with retractable landing gear and a speed of some . At the same time, Rayski selected the British 840 hp Bristol Mercury VIII radial engine as the project's powerplant. PZL had already manufactured Mercury V engines and would be able to retool to build the later version, as a Polish-produced engine was one of primary considerations in the design. This choice however restricted performance of the future fighter, and, according to historians, the whole program started at least two years too late. The project PZL.50 (or PZL P.50) and named Jastrząb (Hawk), started in late 1936. The design was accepted by the Air Force Command in 1937 and two prototypes were ordered. In June 1938, 300 Mercury VIII engines were also ordered for the PZL, the first to be delivered in June 1939. The engine for the prototype was imported from Great Britain and fitted in September 1938. The prototype was almost ready by October, but its completion was delayed by the lack of a retractable landing gear, delivered by the British Dowty firm. Due to the delay, the Polish aviation authorities missed the chance of starting flying tests with some temporary fixed landing gear, since Polish industry had not yet produced suitable retractable gears. Avia-manufactured undercarriage units were specified for the production series. Finally, the first prototype PZL.50/I was completed and flown in late February 1939 by pilot Jerzy Widawski. Despite being officially classified as a secret, on 27 February it was on static display for the Italian Foreign Minister, Count Galeazzo Ciano. Tests were carried out mainly by Bolesław Orliński and several other pilots who noted that the prototype, after modifications to the tail, exhibited satisfactory handling and maneuverability characteristics although it was not agile enough as an interceptor. The greatest concern was that even without radio and machine guns, it was able to achieve only . The Mercury VIII engine had problems with delivering full power due to an unsuitable carburetor intake and, after modifications, the prototype was able to reach . Test pilots continued to complain about power output being too low, although with a better engine, some observers estimated that a production example would have been able to top It was first planned to order 300 P.50s, but in April 1939, the new Air Force Commander Gen. Kalkus and Air Defence Inspector Gen. Józef Zając estimated that the current PZL.50 design did not meet its specified performance goals and ordered PZL to develop it further, building an improved pattern aircraft with only a limited series of 25-30 aircraft on order, designated the P.50A. Production aircraft were to have the wing area increased from 15.8 m² to 19 m². The total planned order was decreased to 200 and Poland started to look for fighters abroad, ordering 160 Morane-Saulnier MS 406 fighters from France. As an interim measure, 100 PZL P.11g Kobuz fighters were ordered, fitting the P.11c airframe with Mercury VIII engines. The second prototype PZL.50/II was to be equipped with a more powerful 1,200-1,400 hp engine, but never was. Only in 1939, was the PZL.50/II reworked with a 1,100 hp Gnome-Rhône 14N21 for an export variant P.50B (estimated maximum speed ) or 1,150 hp Bristol Taurus III or IV for the Polish Air Force (estimated speed ). The Gnome-Rhone engine was only delivered in August 1939, while the newest British Taurus was scheduled to be delivered in October or November, but final deliveries were prevented by war. Nonetheless Taurus development had proved to be troublesome. Other possible engine alternatives were the Polish PZL Waran engine, which was to be ready in spring 1940, the 1,000 hp Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp or 1,375 hp Bristol Hercules. As early as 1938, Jakimiuk proposed a variant with the 1,100 hp Hispano-Suiza 12Y inline engine, designated PZL.56 Kania, but it was not accepted. Operational history By the end of August 1939, the first unarmed flying prototype PZL.50/I, the second incomplete and engine-less prototype PZL.50/II, an incomplete preliminary PZL.50. and parts of four PZL.50As were all that was completed. The first prototype had a short fairing behind the canopy, all the others were distinguished by having a cut down rear fuselage to accommodate an "all-round vision hood". The production series would have incorporated a different canopy and a ventral fuselage fairing. After the German invasion and outbreak of World War II, on 2–3 September 1939, two incomplete aircraft (pattern PZL.50 and PZL.50/II) were moved from the WP-1 factory in Warsaw to car workshops at Czerniakowska Street in Warsaw, where they were captured by the Germans, and possibly scrapped after 1940. The first prototype was flown east by Jan Widawski towards Lwów on 6 September, but crash landed near Rawa Ruska upon running out of fuel. Because of the secrecy surrounding the aircraft, for over 65 years its existence was only partly known based on four photographs of fragments of the first prototype, made during a presentation to Ciano, two of which are shown in the book, Polish Aircraft 1893-1939 by Jerzy Cynk, which also contains representative drawings of the aircraft. Only in 2005 were a couple of photographs discovered that showed two incomplete aircraft at Czerniakowska street. The photographs made by German soldiers and a Polish amateur photographer, made it possible to authentically reconstruct the PZL.50's design features. Popular culture The PZL.50/I Jastrząb was the original aircraft that Blackhawk flew in Poland during the Nazi invasion of 1939. Versions PZL.50/I First prototype. PZL.50/II Second prototype with some fuselage shape changes (long canopy fairing) and with simplified engine cowling. PZL.50A Planned first production variant based on second prototype powered by Bristol Mercury VIII engine (840 hp) and armed with 4 x 7.9 mm machine guns and 100 kg of bombs. PZL.50B Planned second production batch powered by Bristol Taurus III engine (1,145 hp) and armed with 4 x 7.9 mm machine guns, 2 x 20 mm cannon and 300 kg of bombs. Operators (planned) Polish Air Force Specifications (PZL.50/I) See also References Notes Bibliography Cynk, Jerzy B. "Jastrząb ujawniony" ('The Jastrząb revealed') . Skrzydlata Polska, nr. 11/2005, pp. 55–60. Cynk, Jerzy B. Polish Aircraft 1893-1939. London, UK: Putnam & Company, 1971. . Cynk, Jerzy B. "P.Z.L. P.50 Jastrząb (They didn't quite... No. 16)." Air Pictorial, Volume 24, No. 12, December 1962. Green, William. Warplanes of the Second World War, Volume Three: Fighters. London: Macdonald & Co.(Publishers) Ltd., 1961. . Glass, Andrzej. Polskie Konstrukcje Lotnicze Vol.3 (In Polish). Sandomierz, Poland: Wydawnictwo Stratus, 2008. Gruszczyński, Jerzy. "Jastrząb nie zdążył..." ('The Jastrząb hasn't made it...') . Lotnictwo, nr. 12/2005, pp. 46–53. External links Photos and drawing of PZL.50A and 3-d drawing of the PZL.50/I at Ugolok neba 1930s Polish fighter aircraft World War II Polish fighter aircraft PZL aircraft Single-engined tractor aircraft Low-wing aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1939

3529551

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submission%20%28combat%20sports%29

Submission (combat sports)

A submission is a combat sports term for yielding to the opponent, and hence resulting in an immediate defeat. The submission – then also referred to as a "tap out" or "tapping out" – is often performed by visibly tapping the floor or the opponent with the hand or in some cases with the foot, or by saying the word 'tap' to signal the opponent and/or the referee of the submission. In some combative sports where the fighter has cornermen, the cornerman can also stop the fight by "throwing in the towel" (usually by literally throwing a towel into the ring), which may count as a submission. Submissions are generally classified into one of two classifications. The first are joint submissions, which can include armbars, kimuras, americanas, anklelocks, kneebars, etc. The next kind of submissions are choke submissions; these include rear naked chokes, guillotine choke, triangle choke, etc. In a choke subission when the fighter trapped in the hold doesn't tap, the blood supply is cut off to their brain. Technical submission A technical submission may occur when the referee stops the fight because a fighter has sustained an injury like a broken limb or is rendered unconscious while in a submission hold. An example would be a fighter's arm breaking in an armbar, or a fighter passing out in a choke hold. In both cases the fighter is unable to tap out, and an official decides that the fighter cannot safely continue to fight. Such a match outcome may be called a technical submission or a technical knockout (TKO) depending on the rules of combat used for the match. In UFC, a technical submission and any submission to strikes counts as a technical knockout. See also Submission hold Submission wrestling Safeword (sports) Martial arts terminology

14099940

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Osborne%20%28footballer%29

Frank Osborne (footballer)

Frank Raymond Osborne (14 October 1896 – 8 March 1988) was a professional footballer who was one of the top forwards of the 1920s, playing for Tottenham Hotspur. Born in South Africa, he made four appearances for England. He subsequently went on to manage Fulham with whom he was associated for over 50 years. Playing career Fulham Osborne was born in Wynberg, South Africa, and moved to England in 1911, and played youth football at Netley, near Southampton. He subsequently moved to London, joining Bromley (then a Kent amateur side) after the end of World War I, before he was signed by Phil Kelso for Football League Second Division side Fulham in November 1921 (aged 25). At Fulham, playing alongside Andy Ducat and Frank Penn, he was top scorer in 1922–23 accounting for 10 of the team's 43 league goals, in what was generally a low-scoring season in Division Two. His goal-scoring exploits in a weak Fulham side brought him to the notice of the England selectors who picked him for the matches against Northern Ireland on 21 October 1922 (won 2–0) and France on 10 May 1923 (won 4–1), although he failed to score in either match. He thus became the first Fulham player to be capped by England. Financial pressures led to his transfer to Football League First Division side Tottenham Hotspur for £1,500 in January 1924. Osborne spent two years at Fulham, making 70 appearances and scoring 18 goals. Tottenham Hotspur He made a slow start to his Tottenham career, scoring only once in his first season and a half, although he was again selected for England against Belgium on 8 December 1924 (won 4–0). In 1925–26 however, playing alongside Jimmy Dimmock and Jack Elkes, he struck a rich vein of form scoring three hat tricks in the space of two weeks in October/November 1925, finishing the season as the club's top scorer on 25 goals. On 24 May 1926, he was again selected for the England match in Antwerp against Belgium where he finally brought his goal-scoring talents to the national stage, scoring a hat-trick as England came from 3–2 down to take the match 5–3. In 1928, despite Osborne's 18 goals, Spurs were relegated to the Second Division. In the first season in the lower division Spurs continued to struggle, finishing in mid-table with Osborne again top-scorer on 16. In June 1931, he was sold to fellow Second Division side Southampton for a fee of £450, surprisingly large for a player now in his mid-30s. In his Spurs career he played a total of 220 matches, scoring 82 goals. Southampton He was unable to reproduce his goal-scoring form at The Dell, failing to score either in the league or cup. In May 1932, the club were suffering serious financial problems and Osborne was placed on the transfer list as manager George Kay attempted to trim the wages bill, as Osborne's "wages of £8 in the winter and £6 in the summer were considered to be too extravagant". At this stage Osborne contemplated retirement, but remained at The Dell for a further season before returning to London in 1933 to work as a sales representative for Fulham chairman John Dean's company in Putney. In his brief Saints career he made twenty appearances, failing to score. Fulham – Director and manager In March 1935, he was invited to join 's board of directors, after special dispensation from the Football Association, thus beginning an involvement with the club that would continue, in various roles, right up to his death over fifty years later. When manager Jack Peart died in September 1948, the board offered the position to Frank Osborne, who reluctantly accepted. From 1948 until his retirement in November 1964 at the age of 68, Osborne had some managerial responsibility at the Cottage, either solely or with a team manager, whilst he became general manager or secretary manager. His was a unique career, matched only in its longevity by his former playing colleague and subsequently trainer, Frank Penn. The two made their debuts within two years of each other (Penn was the earlier) and they retired within six months of each other (Penn was the later). Although a player of some renown in his day, Osborne was not a track-suited manager. Intensely superstitious and fond of practising his golf swing in his Cottage office, he steered Fulham to the Second Division title in his first season, with the assistance of team manager Eddie Perry. For the next four seasons, Osborne was the general manager and assumed responsibilities for the team again in 1953 for another couple of years until the next team manager was appointed. Whilst he was not necessary in charge of team affairs, Osborne was the key figure at Craven Cottage throughout the post-war period right up to his retirement. Once he left, he never returned, and lived quietly at his Epsom home until his death at the age of 91 in March 1988. Family Frank had two brothers who also played in the Football League. Harold made one appearance for Norwich City whilst Reg was a left-back with Leicester City, who made one England appearance in 1927. Honours As a manager Fulham Football League Third Division champions: 1948–49 References External links Fulham F.C. profile 1896 births 1988 deaths Sportspeople from Cape Town English footballers England international footballers South African soccer players South African people of English descent Bromley F.C. players Fulham F.C. players Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players Southampton F.C. players English football managers Fulham F.C. managers Association football forwards

53024133

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart%20Housley

Stuart Housley

Stuart Housley (15 September 1948 – 24 August 2021) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger. After leaving Grimsby Town, Housley joined Southern League side Yeovil Town for whom he made 399 appearances and scored 60 goals in eight seasons. Housley also spent short spells playing for Weymouth and Westland Sports. He returned to Yeovil in the 1990s under manager Graham Roberts and became the club's youth team manager a role he remained in until 2009. Housley worked with 13 managers at Yeovil, and spent 27 years involved with the club in various roles as a player, youth team coach and manager, kit man and video analyst, finally ending his association with the club in 2015. Housley died in August 2021, aged 72. References 1948 births 2021 deaths Footballers from Doncaster English footballers Association football wingers Grimsby Town F.C. players Yeovil Town F.C. players Weymouth F.C. players Westland Sports F.C. players Yeovil Town F.C. non-playing staff Shaftesbury Town F.C. managers English Football League players English football managers

502731

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Williams%20%28basketball%29

Donald Williams (basketball)

Donald E. Williams Jr. (born February 24, 1973) is a former American professional basketball player. Amateur career Born in Raleigh, North Carolina, where he also spent his childhood, Williams played for Garner High School in Garner, North Carolina under coach Eddie Gray before going on to play at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for the late coach Dean Smith. The 6'3" tall point guard-shooting guard from the University of North Carolina was the recipient of the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player Award when North Carolina won the 1993 NCAA National Championship. In the final game against the University of Michigan, Williams scored 25 points, hitting five of his seven 3-point attempts. Professional career After college, Williams led a successful career playing professionally in Cyprus, Germany, Austria, Poland, France, Sweden, Finland, Greece and the Philippines, where he won a championship in 1998 as a player for Formula Shell, coached by Perry Ronquillo, and the Dominican Republic. Coaching career Williams is currently the head women's basketball coach at Wakefield High School and the founder and operator of the Donald Williams Basketball Academy. Williams was named coach of the year during the '17-'18 season and during the '18-'19. Under the leadership of Williams, the Wakefield ladies' basketball team went to the final two conference during the '17-'18 season and won the state championship, while remaining undefeated, during the '18-'19 season. References External links French League profile 1973 births Living people AEL Limassol B.C. players African-American basketball players American expatriate basketball people in Austria American expatriate basketball people in Cyprus American expatriate basketball people in France American expatriate basketball people in Germany American expatriate basketball people in Greece American expatriate basketball people in Israel American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines American men's basketball players Basketball players at the 1993 NCAA Division I Men's Final Four Basketball players at the 1995 NCAA Division I Men's Final Four Basketball players from North Carolina Besançon BCD players Garner Magnet High School alumni Harlem Globetrotters players Limoges CSP players McDonald's High School All-Americans North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball players Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball) People from Garner, North Carolina Philippine Basketball Association imports Point guards Richmond Rhythm players Shooting guards Sioux Falls Skyforce (CBA) players Sporting basketball players Universiade gold medalists for the United States Universiade medalists in basketball Medalists at the 1993 Summer Universiade Shell Turbo Chargers players 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American sportspeople

55492862

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How%20the%20Snake%20Lost%20Its%20Legs

How the Snake Lost Its Legs

How the Snake Lost Its Legs: Curious Tales from the Frontier of Evo-Devo is a 2014 book on evolutionary developmental biology by Lewis I. Held, Jr. The title pays homage to Rudyard Kipling's Just So Stories, but the "tales" are strictly scientific, explaining how a wide range of animal features evolved, in molecular detail. The book has been admired by other biologists as both accurate and accessible. Context Lewis Irving Held, Jr. is a professor of developmental genetics at Texas Tech University. His laboratory is known for its research on pattern formation in the fruit fly embryo. His books on evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) include Imaginal Discs: The Genetic and Cellular Logic of Pattern Formation (2002), Quirks of Human Anatomy: An Evo-Devo Look at the Human Body (2009), and Deep Homology? Uncanny Similarities of Humans and Flies Uncovered by Evo-Devo (2017). In Held's view, Quirks, Snake, and Deep Homology form a trilogy on evo-devo. Book Contents How the Snake Lost Its Legs is ostensibly organised into six chapters, but in effect into three parts. The first chapter serves as an introduction and overview. The next four chapters provide what Held calls "the meatier aspects of evo-devo" with "many gristly facts" to chew over and "many tough lessons" to digest. The sixth, he writes, offers "tastier treats". The first chapter introduces "the first two-sided animal", the urbilaterian which lived some 600 million years ago. Held calls the discovery that every bilaterally symmetric animal's body is shaped by the same set of genes "evo-devo's greatest revelation". That group of animals includes nematodes, annelids, molluscs and echinoderms, among other phyla. He explains, with detailed diagrams of arthropod and chordate development and a brief, richly-cited but conversational text, how that symmetry is produced. The next four chapters are on the fly, the butterfly, the snake, and the cheetah. Each consists of three to eight sections named in the style of Rudyard Kipling's Just So Stories, with titles like "How the butterfly got its spots" or "How the snake elongated its body", though a couple of sections use "Why?" rather than "How?", as in "Why the fly twirls his penis" (it rotates during embryonic development under the control of different genes). In these chapters, Held explains the mechanics of evolutionary developmental biology, complete with accounts of what genes such as hox, hedgehog, and engrailed do to shape bodies. The third part is a single chapter providing "An evo-devo bestiary," a long list of stories, such as "How the turtle got its shell", "How the vampire bat reinvented running", "How the quetzal got its crest", and "How the firefly got its flashlight". These are Just So only in name, since each one is reliably cited to recent research rather than an author's whimsy. Since by this point the reader has been introduced to the core elements of the evo-devo gene toolkit, Held makes each section brief, 50 stories in 32 pages, and minimally technical: he discusses what the evo-devo system achieves in terms of each animal's structures and organs, ecology and behaviour. The main text is supported by an accurate glossary and thorough index. Glossary terms are printed in boldface in the text, a helpful feature, while the glossary, like the text, is cited to the key research papers on which the book is based. The book thus provides a wide overview of evo-devo, with guidance on how to read more deeply on any chosen aspect. Publication The book was published by Cambridge University Press as a paperback in 2014 (). The main text is 148 pages, with an 8-page glossary of evo-devo, and over 2500 references taking up 122 pages. It is illustrated with monochrome diagrams, drawings and photographs in the text, and 8 pages of colour photographs. Held created the diagrams and drawings. Reception The taxonomist Marc Srour writes that Held must be commended for not oversimplifying evo-devo, since, "The need to combine precise genetic and developmental labwork with phylogenetic systematics and homology inference means that simplifying the whole ordeal for a lay audience is extremely tricky." Srour sets the book alongside those of Stephen Jay Gould and Sean B. Carroll's Endless Forms Most Beautiful as a showcase of evo-devo. He writes that Held has "give[n] us a readable, in-depth look at evo-devo and all the questions it can answer, from the important, to the fascinating, to the weird/cool facts you can repeat whenever you're at the pub. It's accessible to non-biologists and laymen, useful for teachers and undergrads, and ... researcher[s]." The evolutionary biologist Larry Flammer "warns" readers that when they look at the pictures or study Held's diagrams, they, "will be captivated by the full-page captions, and probably drawn into the effort to really understand what is happening. The graphics do, indeed, help immensely to do this." Flammer notes, too, that many of the "nuts and bolts of evolution, deeper than just natural selection" are on display in the book, revealing, "precisely what genetic/physiological mechanisms are being selected for". The molecular biologist Arnaud Martin observes that, "As children, we have all wondered about 'the How and the Why' of animal features, and if you are reading this it is in fact quite possible that a similar inquisitiveness still burns within you. The tone of How the Snake Lost its Legs finds its roots in the famous Just So Stories of Rudyard Kipling by tickling this curiosity with the formulaic How the leopard/elephant/camel got its spots/trunk/hump. Held's ability to captivate the reader's imagination compares to the mischievousness of Kipling's pourquoi stories," but the reader, "is also encouraged to extrapolate from general principles by the constant reminder that animals use a conserved set of developmental genes to construct their bodies." Martin finds evo-devo fascinating, "inherently colorful and well placed to fulfill the dual goal of etiological myths: explaining origins and causes while also stirring imagination and awe. Overall, the latest opus by Lewis Held Jr. fits that niche nicely, and shines by its ability to span essential concepts and empirical work with enough rhetoric[al] punch. It is accessible to most readers with a light background in biology", though not as suitable for "the [university] classroom as Held's Quirks of Human Anatomy." See also Endless Forms Most Beautiful (Sean B. Carroll, 2005) Notes References Sources Biology books 2014 non-fiction books Evolutionary biology literature Cambridge University Press books +

65581257

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Edinburgh%20Channel%20Wreck

South Edinburgh Channel Wreck

The remains of an eighteenth- to nineteenth-century cargo vessel were discovered in the South Edinburgh Channel, Outer Thames Estuary, northwest of Margate, Kent, England, in 1976. The site was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act on 29 April 1977. The wreck is a Protected Wreck managed by Historic England. The wreck The site consists of the remains of a large wreck, probably Swedish, a cargo vessel dating from some time after its coinage of 1787. To bear such coinage only it may have been wrecked at latest about twenty years later. It was in good condition with surviving timbers, wine bottles, and Swedish copper plate money. Discovery and investigation The site was discovered in 1976 when the Port of London Authority were dredging the South Edinburgh Channel. Further investigation was undertaken in 1977 which resulted in the recovering of the wine and coins. References Protected Wrecks of England Shipwrecks of England

1226336

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorter%20Sukh%C4%81vat%C4%ABvy%C5%ABha%20S%C5%ABtra

Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra

The Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra is one of the two Indian Mahayana sutras that describe Sukhavati, the pure land of Amitābha. This text is highly influential in East Asian Buddhism, including China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. The original Sanskrit versions of the Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra and Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra were translated into English by Luis Gomez in The Land of Bliss. History The Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra was translated from Sanskrit into Classical Chinese by Tripiṭaka master Kumārajīva in 402, but may have existed in India as early as the year 100 in a Prakrit. Content The bulk of the Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra, considerably shorter than other Pure Land sutras, consists of a discourse which Gautama Buddha gave at Jetavana in Śrāvastī to his disciple Śāriputra. The talk concerned the wondrous adornments that await the righteous in the western pure land of Sukhāvatī as well as the beings that reside there, including the buddha Amitābha. The text also describes what one must do to be reborn there. English Translations Gomez, Luis, trans. (1996), The Land of Bliss: The Paradise of the Buddha of Measureless Light: Sanskrit and Chinese Versions of the Sukhavativyuha Sutras, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press See also Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra (Infinite Life Sutra) Sukhavati Amitābha References Mahayana sutras Pure Land Buddhism

17131718

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%20Rich

Kate Rich

Kate Rich is an Australian-born artist and trader, currently living in Bristol, United Kingdom. Her practice includes sound art, video art, social practice, hospitality, and sport art. Work In the 1990s Rich co-founded the Bureau of Inverse Technology (BIT) as an artist-engineer with Natalie Jeremijenko. Notable works include Feral Trade, The 'virtual' grocery business and public experiment is based trading goods over social networks. The word 'feral' describes a process which is "willfully wild (as in pigeon) as opposed to romantically or nature-wild (wolf)". According to the artist, the passage of goods can open up wormholes between diverse social settings, routes along which other information, techniques or individuals can potentially travel. Her collaborative projects include Cube Cola, an open source cola laboratory, in collaboration with Bristol-based artist Kayle Brandon. Her work as part of the BIT was included in the 1997 Whitney Biennial. Rich was a 2002 Artist-in-Residence at the McColl Center for Visual Art in Charlotte, NC. In 2007, she won the netarts.org grand prize from the Machida City Feral TradeMuseum of Graphic Arts, Machida, Japan. In 2008–2012 Kate Rich collaborated with FoAM on Food, Disaster Culture a cultural laboratory across European cities, in Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, and the U.K. Articles References http://www.arnolfini.org.uk/people/rich-kate External links BIT feraltrade.org Cube-Cola.org Living people Australian contemporary artists Year of birth missing (living people) Australian women artists Artists from Bristol

16047448

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o%20Jos%C3%A9%20do%20Herval

São José do Herval

São José do Herval is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, commonly known as Dead Donkey (Burro Morto) by the inhabitants of the region. As of 2020, the estimated population was 1,943. See also List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul References Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul

47495687

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertusa%20%28Africa%29

Pertusa (Africa)

Pertusa was an ancient city and diocese in Tunisia. It is now a Catholic titular bishopric. History The Bishopric of Ad Pertusa was centered on the ancient Roman civitas of Pertvsa, which has been identified with ruins at modern El-Haraïria, an outer suburb of Tunis. During the Roman Empire Pertusa was located in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis and was important enough to become a bishopric, which was suffragan to the nearby Metropolitan, of Carthage. The town is mentioned in the Antonini Itinerarium. Titular see It was nominally revived in 1933 as a Latin titular see of the lowest (episcopal) in 1933, and has almost constantly been awarded. Its incumbents were mostly secular priests : Giorgio Giuseppe Haezaert, Spiritans (C.S.Sp.) (1935.06.18 – 1957.09.29), as first Apostolic Vicar of Northern Katanga (in then Belgian Congo) Leonard Philip Cowley (1957.11.28 – 1973.08.18) George Kinzie Fitzsimons (1975.05.20 – 1984.03.28) Kazimierz Górny (1984.10.26 – 1992.03.25) Roberto Rodríguez (1992.11.12 – 1998.06.23) Liborius Ndumbukuti Nashenda, Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (O.M.I.) (1998.11.05 – 2004.09.21), as Auxiliary Bishop of Windhoek (capital of Namibia) (1998.11.05 – 2004.09.21), next Metropolitan Archbishop of Windhoek (2004.09.21 – ...) and President of Namibian Catholic Bishop’s Conference (September 2007 – ...) Philippe Jean-Charles Jourdan, (2005.04.01 – ...), Apostolic Administrator of Estonia References External links GigaCatholic, with titular incumbent biography list Catholic titular sees in Europe

21089564

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaus%20Alvestad

Olaus Alvestad

Peter Olaus Alvestad (21 January 1866 – 12 October 1903) was a Norwegian educator and newspaper editor. Born in Haram, he graduated from Asker Seminary in 1888. He worked as a teacher at several schools, including Sagatun Folk High School, until 1895 when he founded Voss Folk High School together with Lars Eskeland. In 1896 he bought the local newspaper Hordaland, and became editor-in-chief. In 1898 he published the songbook Norsk Songbok for Ungdomsskular og Ungdomslag, which became very popular through the twentieth century. He left the folk high school in 1902, and died the next year. References 1866 births 1903 deaths Norwegian educators Norwegian newspaper editors People from Haram, Norway People from Voss

58412030

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room%2025

Room 25

Room 25 is the debut studio album by American hip hop recording artist Noname. Recorded in about a month's time, the album chronicles the two years since the release of Noname's debut mixtape Telefone, most notably her move from Chicago to Los Angeles and an intense, short-lived romantic relationship. Room 25 was entirely produced by Phoelix, who previously worked as a producer on Telefone. It features guest appearances by Ravyn Lenae, Smino, Saba, Phoelix, amongst others. The album was self-released through digital services on September 14, 2018. The album was met with universal acclaim from music critics, including veteran critic Robert Christgau, who later named it the fifth-best album of the 2010s. Background Following the release of her debut mixtape Telefone, Noname embarked on a headlining tour, after which she moved from her native Chicago to Los Angeles. In Los Angeles, she also experienced her first sexually active relationship. On the experience, she compared her maturity on Room 25 to Telefone, saying "Telefone was a very PG record because I was very PG. I just hadn't had sex." In Los Angeles, Noname also participated in the local comedy scene, a community that influenced the humorous tone found on Room 25. Unlike Telefone, Room 25 was created due to a financial obligation. Noname said in an interview, "It came to a point where it was, like, I needed to make an album because I need to pay my rent. I could've done another Telefone tour, but I can't play those songs anymore. Like, I could, but I physically hate it because I've just been playing them for so long." Noname paid for the entire album herself using money from touring and guest appearances on Chance the Rapper projects. In July 2017, Noname announced that her follow-up to Telefone would be titled Room 25. In June 2018, Noname tweeted that she was "excited" to release new music, under the project name Room 25. In August 2018, she announced a September release date. Artwork and title The album's cover art was revealed on September 10, 2018 along with the album's release date. The artwork was created by Chicagoan artist Bryant Giles. The album's title is in reference to Noname's lifestyle while in Los Angeles, living out of different hotel rooms, and that she was 25 years old at the time. Following accusations of sexual and physical assault against Giles, the artist whose artwork is featured as the album cover art, Noname has stated that she intends to change the artwork in support of victims, tweeting: "I do not and will not support abusers, and I will always stand up for victims and believe their stories." Giles was arrested on October 8 on the domestic battery charge for allegedly grabbing girlfriend Ellie Danisch by the throat, tossing her against the wall and striking her in the throat with a closed fist, according to authorities. He was found not guilty in January 2019. As of 2021, Noname has yet to change the artwork of Room 25. Release and promotion Room 25 was released on September 14, 2018. Following the album's release, Noname announced she would be embarking on a 19-date tour in support of Room 25 starting in January 2019. She performed a three song medley of "Blaxploitation," "Prayer Song," and "Don't Forget About Me" from the album in her solo television debut on The Late Show With Stephen Colbert on October 17, 2018. Critical reception Room 25 was met with widespread acclaim and rave reviews by critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, Room 25 received an average score of 93, based on 17 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Reviewing the album for The A.V. Club, Dianca London Potts stated that "From beginning to end, Room 25 is a testimony to the power of telling your story and the hope that can be found in doing so without apology." In the review for AllMusic, Paul Simpson claimed "Her complex lyrics are delivered with ease and confidence, and she's backed up by jazzy, sophisticated rhythms and occasional lush string arrangements." Ural Garrett from HipHopDX said that the album "finely tunes the best assets in Noname's artistic toolset while digging further into her own head; anticipating where the rabbit hole journey goes becomes part of the enjoyment." El Hunt of NME described the album as "flawless", adding that it is "smartly constructed and laced with intricate subtlety." Rolling Stone declared Noname as "One of the Best Rappers Alive" and included her on a list of "Artists You Need to Know". Briana Younger of Pitchfork designated Room 25 as "Best New Music" and wrote that it is "a transcendent coming-of-age tale built around cosmic jazz and neo-soul, delivered by a woman deeply invested in her interiority and that of the world around her." M. Oliver of PopMatters proclaimed the album to be "vintage neo-soul and future rap hand in hand; a soulful sanctuary for those turned off by the austerity of mainstream mumble rap". Amongst the more critical reviews of the album, M. T. Richards from Exclaim! wrote "If Noname has one glaring weakness, it's a tendency to ramble without ever seeing the need to switch up her rat-tat-tat triplet flow. She does, though, have the rumpled, mellower-than-thou swagger to pull it off, and why complain when Room 25 is the prettiest rap record to come along in months?" XLR8R's Sam Davis suggested Noname had yet to achieve her full potential: "If “Prayer Song” and “Blaxploitation” are anything to go by, she could yet become a great rapper. For now, she’s a good one." Room 25 was ranked the 38th best release of the year in The Wire magazine's annual critics' poll. It was voted 7th in the 2018 Pazz & Jop critic’s poll. In 2019, Pitchfork ranked Room 25 at number 160 on their list of "The 200 Best Albums of the 2010s"; contributor Stephen Kearse wrote: "The album is the sound of a rapper realizing her powers and testing them for herself and no one else." Year-end rankings Track listing Track list adapted from Noname's Twitter. Notes "No Name" is stylized in lowercase as "no name" "Blaxploitation" contains a sample from the 1973 film The Spook Who Sat By the Door Personnel Credits adapted from Noname's Twitter. Noname – executive production, lead vocals Phoelix – executive production, featured vocals , bass, keys, drums Adam Ness – featured vocals Ravyn Lenae – featured vocals Smino – featured vocals Saba – featured vocals Benjamin Earl Turner – featured vocals Yaw – featured vocals Arima Ederra – additional vocals Blake Davis – additional vocals Sophie Dimitroff – additional vocals Luke Titus Sangerman – drums Brian Sanborn – guitar Matt Jones – string arrangement Elton "L10MixedIt" Chueng – mixing, mastering Bryant Giles – artwork References External links Lyrics for Room 25 verified by Noname, on Genius 2018 debut albums Noname (rapper) albums Self-released albums

26846458

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntomodrillia%20lissotropis

Syntomodrillia lissotropis

Syntomodrillia lissotropis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae. Description The length of the shell attains 4.5 mm, its diameter 1.75 mm. Original description, under the name P. (Mangilia) lissotropis, otherwise Mangilia lissotropis: Distribution This marine species occurs in the Caribbean Sea and off Southern Brasil. References Rosenberg G., Moretzsohn F. & García E. F. (2009). Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas External links Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1–1295. lissotropis Gastropods described in 1881

9790721

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithoptera%20meridionalis

Ornithoptera meridionalis

Ornithoptera meridionalis, the southern tailed birdwing, is the smallest species of the genus Ornithoptera. It is known from a handful of localities in southeast Papua, New Guinea (O. meridionalis meridionalis) and several localities along the south coast of Irian Jaya (O. meridionalis tarunggarensis). The specific ephiphet meridionalis, means southern. History O. meridionalis was first collected by Albert Stewart Meek near Samarai, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. The holotype is a female held in the British Museum (Natural History) collection. Meek was funded in his expeditions by the scientific author of this species, Lord Walter Rothschild. Distribution and habitat It is strictly a lowland species, favouring primary rainforest. A very few specimens have also been collected at altitude in Irian Jaya by Jan Pasternak, however these specimens were reared from immature stages and emerged crippled (Deslisle, 2004), suggesting that high altitude forests are not favoured habitats. O. meridionalis has also recently been found in close promimity to its sister species, Ornithoptera paradisea, near Timika in Irian Jaya (Gotts, 2003). Host plants for this species are all vines of the genus Pararistolochia (Aristolochiaceae), including the species P. meridionalis in Papua New Guinea. Larvae typically ringbark the host before pupating on nearby plants. O. meridionalis is classified as Near Threatened in Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book and is threatened by habitat loss (rainforest clearing), especially in parts of Papua New Guinea. For example, a well known locality at the Brown River has now been destroyed by logging. There are a few villages farming this species in Papua New Guinea. Most commercially available specimens are now sourced from Irian Jaya and are extremely valuable (prices may exceed US$1000 per pair). Collecting has a negligible effect on population sizes provided the original habitat is left undisturbed. Description Males of O. meridionalis are remarkable in that they have an extremely small amount of wing area relative to its rather bulky body. In particular, the hindwings are very reduced and tetragonal in shape, tapering into a single pair of filamentous tails that are easily broken. The only other tailed Ornithoptera is Ornithoptera paradisea. Specimens of this sex are weak fliers and tend to spend most of the day resting. Females are more normally proportioned and have a flight characteristic more typical of the genus Ornithoptera. Both sexes have been recorded feeding at flowers in numbers early in the morning. Description in Rhopalocera Exotica Troides Paradiseus Meridionalis, Rothschild, " Novitates Zoologicie," Vol. IV.,p. 180, female . "Novitates Zoologicae," Vol. VI., p. 429, male. Exp. male . 4 and 1/2 inches, female. 5 inches. Male. Upperside. "The forewing is narrower than in S. Paradiseus, Staudinger, its distal margin nearly straight; the anterior green streak is narrower, the posterior one wider, entering the cell and distally running up to the anterior one. On the underside the forewing has a broad black band, beginning at the costal margin before the middle of the cell, running to upper angle of cell and thence to the disc, being distally limited by veins R1 and R3; the yellowish green scaling between these veins reduced to two small submarginal spots; the yellowish streaks between the subcostal also reduced, the apex of the wing being black, with an ill-defined green streak of dispersed scales between SC3 and SC4 and a few more green scales behind SC4. "The hind wing of Meridionalis is more reduced in size than that of Paradiseus, narrower, the distal margin is gently concave, the tail is shorter, not gradually narrowing to the tip, but dilated before the apex, the anal angle is not produced; the fringe of hairs upon the abdominal fold is much longer and not so dense. In neuration, the cell is much narrower in Meridionalis, R3 and M1 come from the cell, while in Paradiseus they are stalked together. The pattern of the wing is also very peculiar. The black distal border of Paradiseus is in Meridionalis indicated only at the extreme edge of the wing; veins all yellowish-green, a narrow outer border to wing and a broader streak from near base to tail in front of submedian fold also yellowish-green; abdominal area up to submedian fold black, with a yellowish-green streak at basal edge, and another, more distal, streak of dispersed scales gradually disappearing distally; the golden yellow area divided by the green veins; cell all golden yellow."Femora as in female not striated with yellow, tibia broader than in Paradiseus" "Female. The markings on the disc of both wings purer white, being less dusted over with black scales than in Paradiseus Paradiseus. The patch in the cell of forewing is nearly straight at the basal side, its basal edge being very feebly dentate, while at the apical side it bears one deep triangular notch. There are three discal patches.The light area of the hind wing is much extended, the apex of the cell bearing a large white patch which is obliquely cut off. The portion of the light area outside the diseal black spots is brighter yellow than in Paradiseus, and so is the upperside of the abdomen." Hab. British New Guinea. The male and one female were captured by Mr. A. S. Meek at Milne Bay, and the type female by Mr. Anthony in the Mailu district. In the Collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild. 1 am indebted to Mr. Rothschild for the privilege of publishing the Figures of this very remarkable aud beautiful species, and also for the above extract from his descriptions of both sexes. Gallery References D'Abrera, B. (1975) Birdwing Butterflies of the World. Country Life Books, London. Deslisle, G. (2004) A taxonomic revision of the “birdwing butterflies of paradise”, genus Ornithoptera based on the adult morphology (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Lambillionea, 104 (4): 1 - 151. Haugum, J. & Low, A. M. 1978-1979 "A Monograph of the Birdwing Butterflies". Vol. 1 The genus Ornithoptera. Scandinavian Science Press Ltd. Matsuka, H. (2001) Natural History of the Birdwing Butterflies.Matsuka Shappan, Japan. Parsons, M. J. (1998) The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea: Their Systematics and Biology.Academic Press, London. The World of Birdwing Butterflies Pteron Images of Ornithoptera meridionalis tarunggarensis Australasia ecoregions meridionalis Butterflies of Oceania Lepidoptera of Papua New Guinea Endangered fauna of Oceania Butterflies described in 1897 Taxa named by Walter Rothschild

41679

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schematic

Schematic

A schematic, or schematic diagram, is a representation of the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols rather than realistic pictures. A schematic usually omits all details that are not relevant to the key information the schematic is intended to convey, and may include oversimplified elements in order to make this essential meaning easier to grasp. For example, a subway map intended for passengers may represent a subway station with a dot. The dot is not intended to resemble the actual station at all but aims to give the viewer information without unnecessary visual clutter. A schematic diagram of a chemical process uses symbols in place of detailed representations of the vessels, piping, valves, pumps, and other equipment that compose the system, thus emphasizing the functions of the individual elements and the interconnections among them and suppresses their physical details. In an electronic circuit diagram, the layout of the symbols may not look anything like the circuit as it appears in the physical world: instead of representing the way the circuit looks, the schematic aims to capture, on a more general level, the way it works. This may be contrasted with a wiring diagram, which preserves the spatial relationships between each of its components. Types Schematics and other types of diagrams, e.g., A semi-schematic diagram combines some of the abstraction of a purely schematic diagram with other elements displayed as realistically as possible, for various reasons. It is a compromise between a purely abstract diagram (e.g. the schematic of the Washington Metro) and an exclusively realistic representation (e.g. the corresponding aerial view of Washington). Electrical and electronic industry In electrical and electronic industry, a schematic diagram is often used to describe the design of equipment. Schematic diagrams are often used for the maintenance and repair of electronic and electromechanical systems. Original schematics were done by hand, using standardized templates or pre-printed adhesive symbols, but today electronic design automation software (EDA or "electrical CAD") is often used. In electronic design automation, until the 1980s schematics were virtually the only formal representation for circuits. More recently, with the progress of computer technology, other representations were introduced and specialized computer languages were developed, since with the explosive growth of the complexity of electronic circuits, traditional schematics are becoming less practical. For example, hardware description languages are indispensable for modern digital circuit design. Schematics for electronic circuits are prepared by designers using EDA (electronic design automation) tools called schematic capture tools or schematic entry tools. These tools go beyond simple drawing of devices and connections. Usually they are integrated into the whole design flow and linked to other EDA tools for verification and simulation of the circuit under design. Programmable logic controllers (PLC) can be programmed using ladder diagrams. In electric power systems design, a schematic drawing called a one-line diagram is frequently used to represent substations, distribution systems or even whole electrical power grids. These diagrams simplify and compress the details that would be repeated on each phase of a three-phase system, showing only one element instead of three. Electrical diagrams for switchgear often have common device functions designate by standard function numbers. Another type of diagram used for power systems is a three-line diagram. For analysis purposes of a power system, from the one-line diagram, if the system is balanced, an equivalent per-phase (or single-phase) schematic diagram can be obtained. If all of the parameters are represented as impedances and voltage sources, the equivalent per-phase schematic diagram is called an impedance diagram. If all of the parameters are represented as admittances and current sources, the equivalent per-phase schematic diagram is called an admittance diagram. If the power system is unbalanced, but it is linear (or can be approximated by a linear system), then Fortescue's theorem (symmetrical components) can be applied. In this way, from the one-line diagram, three different per-phase schematic diagrams are obtained, known as sequence diagrams: positive sequence diagram, negative sequence diagram, and zero sequence diagram. Each of these diagrams can be represented as an impedance diagram or as an admittance diagram. Schematics in repair manuals Schematic diagrams are used extensively in repair manuals to help users understand the interconnections of parts, and to provide graphical instruction to assist in dismantling and rebuilding mechanical assemblies. Many automotive and motorcycle repair manuals devote a significant number of pages to schematic diagrams. See also Energy Systems Language Chart Diagram Straight-line diagram Topological map Transit map Open-source hardware References Diagrams Electronic design automation Technical communication Infographics

31495582

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raithaliya

Raithaliya

Raithaliya is a small village in Nagaur district of Rajasthan, India. Raithaliya comes under Asarwa Panchayat. External links Rajasthan

2615323

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20the%20Deacon

John the Deacon

John the Deacon (Johannes Diaconus or Giovanni Diacono) may refer to: John the Deacon (6th century), letter writer from Rome John the Deacon (Egyptian chronicler), ca. 768, monk Johannes Hymonides, d. before 882, known as John the Deacon of Rome John the Deacon (Neapolitan historian), d. after 910 John the Deacon (Venetian chronicler), d. after 1008 John the Deacon (Byzantine writer), fl. 11th century; On the veneration of saints. John the Deacon of the Lateran, fl. 12th century See also John Deacon (disambiguation)

20355690

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain%20in%20the%20Eurovision%20Song%20Contest%202001

Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001

Spain participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001 with an entry selected through a national preselection called Eurocanción 2001. David Civera with the song "Dile que la quiero", composed by Alejandro Abad (Spanish entrant in 1994), was chosen to represent Spain. At Eurovision, David Civera finished sixth with 76 points. Before Eurovision Eurocanción 2001 About 2,000 songs were submitted to the national broadcaster TVE, and 20 were selected to participate in the final. The final took place on 23 February 2001 at TVE's studios in Madrid, and was hosted by Jennifer Rope and Sandra Morey. The winner was decided by a nine-member jury panel (75%) and public televoting (25%). Each jury member awarded points in the Eurovision style of 12, 10, 8-1 point(s). The public televote had a weighing equal to the votes of three juries. David Civera got the highest number of points from both the jury and the audience and was proclaimed winner and entrant for Spain at the Eurovision Song Contest 2001. The members of the jury were Augusto Algueró, Pilar Tabares, Teresa Segura, Daniel Velázquez, Juan Ignacio Ocaña, Hugo de Campos, Silvia Gambino, Juan Luis Ayllón Piquero and José Martín Alfageme. At Eurovision At Eurovision, Civera performed 13th. At the close of the voting he had received 76 points, placing 6th of 23. "Dile que la quiero" was released as a CD single, which charted in Spain's Promusicae Top 50 peaking at number 2. Voting References 2001 Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001 Eurovision Eurovision

29589778

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallowfield%2C%20Pennsylvania

Fallowfield, Pennsylvania

Fallowfield Township is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was the sixth township to be established after the 1781 formation of Washington County, and initially stretched from Elrama (north) to the Ten Mile Creek in what are, today, Union and East Bethlehem townships on the Monongahela River. Home to the John H. Nelson House, which was built circa 1895, this township was gradually downsized as various sections were sectioned off into new municipalities (Allen, Carroll, Pike Run, and Somerset townships and the borough of Charleroi). Now roughly 21.3 square miles in size, its population was 4,300, according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Notable places John H. Nelson House: Built circa 1895, this two-story, Queen Anne, red brick farmhouse is located at 104 Colvin Road in Fallowfield Township. Designed by architect William H. Riggle, it was built by contractor H. A. Hannen for John H. Nelson, who was a son of Irish immigrant Francis Nelson. References Unincorporated communities in Washington County, Pennsylvania Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania

13939766

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Fremont%20%28APA-44%29

USS Fremont (APA-44)

USS Fremont (APA-44) was a that served with the US Navy during World War II. Fremont was launched 31 March 1943 by Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Mississippi; as Sea Corsair, placed in partial commission between 30 May 1943 and 11 June 1943, and commissioned in full 23 November 1943 Captain C. V. Conlan in command. Operational history Conversion to command ship Fremont arrived at Pearl Harbor 14 March 1944 for conversion to a staff and command ship for amphibious operations, and during the remainder of the war was to carry such distinguished commanders as Rear Admiral William H. P. Blandy, Rear Admiral William M. Fechteler, Rear Admiral Ralph O. Davis, and Major General Graves B. Erskine, USMC. Saipan Fremont'''s first assault landing was at Saipan on 16 June, and for 10 days she lay off the island, landing troops and receiving casualties by day, and retiring seaward at night. Palau Islands Back in Pearl Harbor from 12 July 1944 to 12 August, Fremont sailed then for rehearsal landings in the Solomons, and on 8 September she sortied for the Palau Islands operation. During the initial landings on Peleliu 15 September, Fremont conducted a diversionary demonstration off Babelthaup, then moved into the transport area to land troops on Angaur 17 September. On 23 September Fremont landed men in the unopposed occupation of Ulithi, then returned to Hollandia and Manus for training with soldiers. Casualties at LeyteFremont cleared Manus 12 October 1944 for the initial landings in Leyte Gulf 20 October, and remained in the Gulf until 18 November, embarking Admiral Fechteler as senior officer present afloat. She came under enemy air attack on several occasions, and on 24 October, during the decisive Battle for Leyte Gulf, a small caliber shell which exploded on her bridge injured seven men. Returning to Hollandia 22 November, Fremont embarked men and equipment for rehearsal landings in preparation for the assault on Luzon. During these exercises, Fremont aided in splashing a lone attacking aircraft. Luzon Arriving in Lingayen Gulf for the initial landings 9 January 1945, Fremont, with the job done, sailed 11 January for Leyte, then sailed on to Guam to embark Marines for the Iwo Jima operation. Iwo Jima Again combining her key services as command ship with skillful landing of troops, she arrived off Iwo Jima 19 February, put the Marine command party ashore 24 February, and began landing troops and cargo. She returned to Saipan 9 March with casualties and prisoners of war, then sailed for repairs and rehearsal landings off New Caledonia. On 16 May Fremont returned to Leyte Gulf with troops and sailors, and there received men for transportation to the west coast, where she began an overhaul 26 June 1945. After hostilities Two voyages to Pearl Harbor, and two more to Pacific islands and the Philippines to bring servicemen eligible for immediate discharge home kept Fremont at sea between 9 October 1945 and 12 August 1946. On 11 January 1947 she cleared Port Hueneme, California, to join the Atlantic Fleet at Norfolk, Virginia 26 January. Postwar career In the years from 1947 through 1960, Fremont completed seven tours of duty with the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean, participating in amphibious exercises with marines and ships of other NATO navies. The Lebanon Crisis broke out during her 1958 tour of duty, and she joined in landing Marines at Beirut 17 July to 6 August, returning to reembark troops in September. While based at Norfolk Navy Yard in 1951, she prominently appeared in the film You're in the Navy Now. Her operations when not deployed found Fremont'' taking part in amphibious operations from Labrador to the West Indies, and for much of each year, she trained marines along the North Carolina coast near Camp Lejeune, as well as in the Caribbean. In 1962, she served as the command ship of Amphibious Squadron Four, Task Force 61 before returning to Italy. In 1968, the Fremont was anchored at Miami, Florida, to serve as living quarters for some 200 federal agents and Army EOD operators providing security for the Republican National Convention as all hotel space was taken up by the convention. She sailed in 1969 for decommissioning at Portsmouth, Virginia. Fremont received five battle stars for World War II service. References AP-88 APA-44 Fremont, Navsource Online USS Fremont APA-44 homepage - complete history, photos, crew list, and reunion information. Bayfield-class attack transports Ships built in Pascagoula, Mississippi 1943 ships World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States Cold War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States United States Navy Colorado-related ships Fremont County, Colorado United States Navy Idaho-related ships Fremont County, Idaho United States Navy Iowa-related ships Fremont County, Iowa United States Navy Wyoming-related ships Fremont County, Wyoming

52515143

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel%20Hamek

Adel Hamek

Adel Hamek (born 25 October 1992) is an Algerian badminton player who trained at the Chantecler club in Bordeaux, France. He was one of the 14 players selected for the Road to Rio Program, a program that aimed to help African badminton players to compete at the 2016 Olympic Games. He won the African Championships men's singles title in 2017 and in the men's doubles in 2018. Achievements African Championships Men's singles Men's doubles BWF International Challenge/Series Men's doubles BWF International Challenge tournament BWF International Series tournament BWF Future Series tournament References External links 1992 births Living people Algerian male badminton players Competitors at the 2011 All-Africa Games Competitors at the 2015 African Games African Games competitors for Algeria 21st-century Algerian people

744903

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Michel

Alex Michel

Alexander Mattheus Michel (born August 10, 1970) is an American businessman, producer, and television personality. He was The Bachelor during its premiere season on ABC in 2002. Personal life Michel was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, the son of a corporate executive and a marriage and family therapist. He has two younger sisters. At Darien High School, Michel was the valedictorian, student body president, homecoming king, and captain of the swim team. He graduated with honors from Harvard College, majoring in History and Literature, and was a member of the varsity swimming and water polo teams. During college, he spent a summer working as an analyst in the Office of Management and Budget in the Executive Office of the President of the United States. Career After college, he worked in the U.S. Embassy in Mexico. He later became a documentary travel video producer, which took him to Australia, Brazil, China, Fiji, India, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, and Venezuela among others. He speaks Spanish and some Portuguese. Michel later returned to school and earned an MBA at Stanford University's Graduate School of Business in 1998. He worked at CNET as a television producer, and at the Boston Consulting Group as a management consultant. He was named the Sundance Institute New Producing Fellow for 1993. The Bachelor At the age of 31, a friend at Harvard Business School sent Michel an email about auditions for a new reality show in which a bachelor chooses a wife out of 24 female contestants. After seven weeks filming The Bachelor, he chose Amanda Marsh (now Amanda Caldwell) over runner-up Trista Rehn, but did not propose to her. After dating Marsh for a year, the couple broke up. After the airing of The Bachelor, Michel returned to the business world and did a variety of media projects. He became a spokesperson for Match.com, guest-starred on The Re-Run Show, and became a spokesperson for Princess Cruises. He is currently a media industry executive in New York City. External links Living people 21st-century American businesspeople American expatriates in Mexico American management consultants Boston Consulting Group people Harvard College alumni Businesspeople from Charlottesville, Virginia Stanford Graduate School of Business alumni 1971 births Bachelor Nation contestants Darien High School alumni

31927280

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailfin%20sculpin

Sailfin sculpin

The sailfin sculpin (Nautichthys oculofasciatus, lit. "eye-banded sailor fish") is a species of scorpaeniform marine fish in the sea raven family Hemitripteridae, native to the eastern Pacific Ocean from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska to San Miguel Island off southern California. Named for its elongated, sail-like first dorsal fin, the sailfin sculpin is a popular subject of public aquaria; it is of no interest to commercial fishery. Description Of the typical cottoid body plan, the sailfin sculpin is noted for its conspicuous first dorsal fin dominated by the first four spines, of approximately equal length. The overall body colour is variable, from yellow-brown to yellow-gray; darker bands on the body and red flecks and diagonal streaks may be present on the fins. A distinct, dark band runs through the eye. Maximum recorded length for the species is 20 cm. Highly modified ctenoid scales give the skin a velvety texture. According to FishBase, a variant of sailfin sculpin occurs in Knight Inlet, British Columbia: the 'sail' of the first dorsal fin is described as appearing "frail" and "more like a mast," and is dominated by the II, III, and I spines rather than the first four spines. Ecology The sailfin sculpin is a demersal species, swimming along the bottom with its distinctive dorsal fin held erect and extended forward. N. oculofasciatus inhabits rocky coastal waters to ~110 metres where algae growth is plentiful. Being nocturnally active, it may be found sheltering upside down against crevice roofs during the day. The zoobenthos constitutes the sailfin sculpin's primary prey, especially crab and other crustaceans. During late winter to early spring, the sailfin sculpin migrates into the shallower intertidal zone to spawn. The egg mass is orange, and adheres to the bottom. Individuals are sexually mature after one year. References Hemitripteridae Fish described in 1858

274784

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism%20in%20Australia

Tourism in Australia

Tourism in Australia is an important part of the Australian economy, and comprises domestic and international visitors. Before Covid-19, in the financial year 2018/19, tourism was Australia's fourth-largest export and over the previous decade was growing faster than national GDP growth. At the time it represented 3.1% of Australia's GDP contributing A$60.8 billion to the national economy. Domestic tourism was and continues to be a significant part of the tourism industry, representing 73% of the total direct tourism GDP and has taken on an even greater role since the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic impacted international tourist arrivals as Australia closed its international borders in March 2020. During the pandemic, Australians travelled intrastate and also interstate when borders were open. From November 2021, borders for Australia were opened and fully vaccinated Australians were permitted to fly overseas without exemption. A range of countries was added to New Zealand and Singapore in December with citizens from Japan and South Korea allowed to enter the country, from 1 December 2021. In the calendar year up to December 2019, there were 8.7 million international visitors in Australia. Tourism employed 666,000 people in Australia in 2018–19, 1 in 21 jobs across the workforce. About 48% of people employed in tourism were full-time prior to Covid-19 and 54% female Tourism also contributed 8.2% of Australia's total export earnings in 2018–19. Popular Australian destinations include the coastal cities of Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne, as well as other high-profile destinations including regional Queensland, the Gold Coast and the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest reef. Uluru and the Australian outback are other popular locations, as is the Tasmanian wilderness. The unique Australian wildlife is also another significant point of interest in the country's tourism. Trends Despite the global economic challenges and natural disasters in 2010–2011, Australia's tourism growth was supported by increased consumption (up 4.4% over the last few years, largely due to an increase in the number of international visitors). On the back of a strong Australian dollar, 2010–11 also saw a record 7.4 million short-term resident departures from Australia, an increase of 9.9% from 2009–10. Consumption by domestic tourists grew at less than half the pace of international tourists in 2010–11 (up 2.1% compared to 4.4%). The Australian Government released the 2020 Tourism Industry Potential on 15 November 2010, which estimated the Australian tourism industry to be worth up to $140 billion in overnight expenditure. This growth will largely be due to key emerging markets, including China, which is estimated to be the largest economic contributor to Australian tourism by 2020. The number of Chinese visitors has more than doubled from 2006 to 2012 reaching a peak of 626,400 in 2012 and surpassing for the first time the number of arrivals from the United Kingdom. In 2013, China was Australia's fastest growing tourist market. By 2017 China surpassed New Zealand as the top source of visitors to Australia, and in 2019 Chinese visitors reached a peak of over 1.4 million and had contributed about A$12 billion to the Australian economy. According to Tourism Australia Managing Director Andrew McEvoy, the Chinese are the highest spending visitors to the country. Visas All visitors to Australia, apart from New Zealanders, require an Australian visa to enter the country. For most countries, a full visa is required. Passport holders of all European Union countries as well as all Schengen Area countries and European microstates can apply online for an eVisitor authorisation. Citizens of some OECD and some East Asian countries can apply for the similar Electronic Travel Authority authorisation. History From the colonial days, the idea of travel has been more natural to Australians than to people long-established at one from their homes, was prone to continue their search for wealth or security for a while, or, having settled down, to return to the old countries to visit their kin and refresh old memories. The opening of new lands, the establishment of industries and towns, and the consequent dispersal of people over Australia created a habit of mobility and enterprise which encouraged Australians to face the hardships of early travel by coach, on horseback or by ship. Even so, the slow and uncomfortable modes of travel and the vast distances separating Australian towns tended to restrict travel to essential journeys for purposes of trade, to pursue an occupation or to settle. This changed somewhat with the advent of rail travel. The initial emphasis in tourism for purposes of pleasure was strongest on travel to resorts near the main population centres. These included the Blue Mountains in New South Wales and the hill and coast resorts close to Melbourne and other major Victorian cities. The existing railway services radiating from those cities, together with the 'feeder' horse-drawn, and later motor, coach transport connecting with the railways, rendered the State Government railway tourist bureaux the main means for selling intrastate, and even some interstate, travel. Travel for all purposes increased steadily after the Second World War. This period saw the establishment of the Australian National Travel Association with bureaux in the UK and USA. The organisation received government funding on top of industry contributions and promoted the country 'vigorously' via a poster campaign, and from 1934–1974 via Walkabout magazine. From August 1946, Walkabout also doubled as the official journal of the newly formed Australian Geographical Society (AGS), founded with a £5,000 grant from ANTA, its banner subscript reading 'Journal of the Australian Geographical Society. This role is now filled by Australian Geographic magazine. Later it became ‘Australia's Way of Life Magazine’ when supported by the Australian National Publicity Association and later the Australian Tourist Commission. Tourism traffic continued to be mainly by rail, but also by sea, although the family motor era began in the 1930s to participate in the shorter intrastate traffic. A considerable fleet of passenger ships provided frequent and popular services linking most ports between Fremantle and Cairns. Other services linked Sydney and Melbourne with Tasmanian ports. The winter cruise of those days to Queensland ports could be regarded as the equivalent of today's drive or flight north for a winter holiday at the Gold Coast or a Barrier Reef Island, or today's shorter South Pacific cruises. The first cruises from Australia to New Zealand were organised in the summer of 1934–35, and Australians were travelling to Britain for as low as $78 in tourist class in the years immediately preceding the Second World War. In the period following the Second World War the advent of new and improved methods of transportation, combined with rising standards of living and the energetic publicising of foreign destinations, developed international travel into a mass movement. New ocean liners shortened travelling time considerably, and travel by car and bus increased in many countries. Most of all, air travel became widely available, faster, safer, and cheaper. The beginning of the Jet Age in 1960, with larger aeroplanes carrying more than 100 passengers at speeds approximating 600 miles per hour, diminished the world by half in terms of time. Rising standards of living in the post-war period led to greater expenditure on tourism, thus making it more important to the national economy. Australia has shared in this worldwide expansion of travel, particularly in respect of its domestic tourism. Because of the marked increase in incomes and private car ownership among large sections of the population, greater leisure time, three weeks of paid annual holidays (introduced first in New South Wales in 1958) and the introduction of long-service leave, thousands of Australians now travel by road into almost every part of the country. This has led to investment in the development of new and improved facilities, especially accommodation, of new resorts at dispersed points around Australia, and modifications in organisation and methods of tourist administration, development and promotion. These activities, in turn, have had an important influence on matters such as the improvement of highways and the opening up of national parks and foreshores. A White Paper was produced analysing the tourist industry in Australia in 2003. A Tourism 2020 strategy was produced and implemented. Following significant consultation on the replacement Tourism 2030 strategy, its launch was interrupted by Covid-19 leading to the Government Commissioning an Expert Panel led by the former Tourism Minister Martin Ferguson to provide recommendations. The updated Tourism 2030 document titled THRIVE (THe Re-Imagined Visitor Economy) 2030 strategy is currently being finalised. Organizations The Australian Trade and Investment Commission has tourism policy and programs responsibility in the Australian Government with Tourism Australia responsible for marketing Australia. State and territory government jurisdictions have tourism policy departments and/or tourism marketing authorities along with regional tourism organisations. The industry has a wide range of stakeholder bodies including the Australian Tourism Industry Council (ATIC), which includes promotion of the Australian Tourism Accreditation Program, the Australian Tourism Awards and Star Ratings Australia; the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Tourism Chamber, and the Australian Tourism Export Council (ATEC). Marketing Australia's international tourism campaigns have focused on Australia's laid back style, such as the 1980s advertising campaign featuring actor Paul Hogan telling American tourists "I'll slip an extra shrimp on the barbie for you", or its cheeky side, as in its controversial 2006 campaign in the United Kingdom using the Australian colloquialism slogan "So where the bloody hell are you?". Tourism Australia's "No Leave No Life" campaign was launched in March 2009 by the Federal Minister for Tourism, the Hon. Martin Ferguson AM MP. This campaign was designed to remind employees of the personal and professional benefits of taking annual leave, and of taking that leave in Australia. On 30 June 2009, there were 126 million days of stockpiled annual leave in the Australian economy. At the end of the June 2010 quarter, this number had decreased to 117 million days, following falls in the preceding three quarters. Tourism Australia's consumer campaign "There's Nothing Like Australia" invited Australians to share their favourite Australian place or experience with the world. The campaign is based on research conducted by Tourism Australia that showed Australians were eager to get involved in promoting their country. It was developed to involve Australians because they are the experts on what makes Australia unlike anywhere else. The core message, that "There's Nothing Like Australia" was designed for longevity through different mediums, audiences and activities. Types of tourists Tourists by country International tourists New Zealand tourists make up a distinctive part of the Australian tourism market, usually taking short package tours which concentrate heavily on the iconic sights (typically Sydney, Uluru, Gold Coast and Cairns), and viewing Australian native animals (particularly the koala and kangaroo). Growth in tourism in 2019 was led by education and holiday travel. Education visitors were up 5% to 586,000, with spending increasing by 8% to a record $12.7 billion. Holiday visitors were up 4% to almost 4 million, with spending growing by 6% to $16.9 billion. Backpackers Australia is popular for people engaging in backpacker tourism, mostly young people from Western European countries (particularly Britain). Spending more time in Australia, these travellers tend to explore considerably more of the country. Many backpackers participate in working holidays enabling them to stay longer in the country. Working holiday visas for Australia are available for those aged 18 to 30 for most Western European citizens, and also citizens of Canada and some developed East Asian nations such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea. Domestic tourism The domestic tourism market is estimated at $63 billion. In 2009, the Australian domestic market experienced a 10% slump in the number of visitor nights. Domestic tourism in general and in particular free caravan and camping sites for overnight accommodation experienced strong demand in 2012. Australians are big domestic travellers, with a profusion of seaside resort towns in every state (many located on or near good surfing beaches), mountain retreats, plentiful national parks, rivers, fishing locations, wine growing regions, as well as domestic visitation of the major tourist spots. Domestic tourism peaks during the Australian school holidays. In 2011, a leading Australian travel agent warned that low-cost carriers such as AirAsia and Jetstar who offered cheap packages to Asia threatened the domestic tourism market. Markets Major attractions Destinations Hervey Bay is a popular tourist town with ample opportunities for whale watching, although there are plenty of other places along the Australian coastline to see whales. Fraser Island is considered to be the largest sand island in the world at 1840 km2. It is also Queensland's largest island and has been inhabited by humans for as much as 5,000 years. The island has rainforests, eucalyptus woodland, mangrove forests, wallum and peat swamps, sand dunes and coastal heaths. The island can be reached by a ferry from River Heads (South of Hervey Bay) to Kingfisher Bay and Wanggoolba Creek or Inskip Point to the north of Rainbow Beach to Hook Point, or by chartered flight from Maroochydore Airport. Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef attracts up to two million visitors every year. Careful management, which includes permits for camping and all commercial marine tourism within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, has so far ensured that tourists have a very minimal impact on the reef. Uluru, Kakadu National Park and Fraser Island are major natural attractions. Uluru won the 2013 Qantas Australian Tourism Awards and was named Australia's best major tourist attraction. In December 2013, Greg Hunt, the Australian environment minister, approved a plan for dredging to create three shipping terminals as part of the construction of a coal port. According to corresponding approval documents, the process will create around 3 million cubic metres of dredged seabed that will be dumped within the Great Barrier Reef marine park area. Sydney Opera House Another attraction that appeals to many tourists is the Sydney Opera House. Shopping and casinos are a major drawcard for wealthy Chinese visitors. Wine, indigenous culture and nature tourism also generate travel in Australia. Events Major events attract a large number of tourists. The Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras is an annual event that attractions thousands of international tourists. The 2000 Sydney Olympics resulted in significant inbound and domestic tourism to Sydney. During the games, Sydney hosted 362,000 domestic and 110,000 international visitors. In addition, up to 4 billion people watched the games worldwide. The 2003 Rugby World Cup attracted 65,000 international visitors to Australia. Schoolies Week is an annual celebration of Year 12 school leavers in late November, many of whom travel to the Gold Coast, where in 2011 they were expected to boost the economy by $60 million. Australia's icons Major Australian icons for tourists to visit include: See also Visa policy of Australia List of World Heritage Sites in Australia Tourism in Sydney Tourism in Melbourne Tourism in Brisbane Tourism in Queensland Tourism in Perth Passenger Movement Charge Australian National Travel Association References External links Information About Australian Holidays & Travel Tourism Australia Tourism Research Australia Department of Home Affairs Austrade - Tourism Australia

49276598

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodie%20Speers

Jodie Speers

Jodie Speers (born 22 October 1982) is an Australian journalist, news and television presenter. Speers currently presents Seven Early News. Career After finishing school, Speers studied for a Communications degree at Sydney University. She completed part of her degree on exchange at the Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po) in Paris. In 2009, Speers became a political correspondent for the Seven Network in its Parliament House bureau. She covered the oustings of Kevin Rudd and Malcolm Turnbull, and spent five weeks on the road with Julia Gillard and Tony Abbott as they fought for victory in the 2010 election. After covering politics for a time Speers moved on to become a crime and court reporter for Seven News Sydney. In January 2016, Speers was appointed presenter of Seven Early News replacing Natalie Barr. Personal life Speers is married to former Today sports presenter and current 2GB breakfast host Ben Fordham. They married in 2011. In August 2014, Fordham announced on Today that his wife Jodie was pregnant with their first child. Speers gave birth to a son in December 2014. The couple had a second child in 2016, and a third in 2019. References 1982 births Australian journalists Living people People educated at Monte Sant'Angelo Mercy College

6365626

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFL

UFL

UFL or ufl may refer to: Chemistry: Upper flammable limit, the flammability limit describing the richest flammable mixture of a combustible gas Colleges and universities: University of KING , a public land-grant, space-grant, research university located in Gainesville, Florida Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, a private medical school located in Liechtenstein Electronics: U.FL, a miniature coaxial RF connector for high-frequency signals manufactured by Hirose Electric Group Machine learning: Unsupervised feature learning, learning features from unlabeled data Sports: UFL (video game), an upcoming association football simulation video game United Arab Emirates Football League, is the Emirati professional football league United Football League (1961–1964), an American football league that operated from 1961 to 1964 United Football League (2009–2012), an American football league that operated from 2009 to 2012 United Football League (Philippines), an association football league in the Philippines that operated from 2010 to 2016

69672876

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipways%20%28video%20game%29

Slipways (video game)

Slipways is a video game developed by Beetlewing. It combines gameplay from puzzle games and grand strategy wargames, though it streamlines out war and other features that involve micromanagement. Gameplay Slipways incorporates gameplay inspired by turn-based grand strategy wargames, but it lacks war. Instead, players focus primarily on resource management and directing their growing space empire. The galaxy is procedurally generated, and different aliens can populate each galaxy. Each alien race has their own priorities, such as performing research or establishing new colonies, and will reward players for accomplishing tasks related to their priorities. As new worlds are discovered and colonized, they must be efficiently integrated into the empire's trade routes. Each planet has desired imports and exports. Goods not exported cause unemployment, and goods not imported cause resource shortages. Researching new technologies can open different ways to satisfy these desires, and desires can change over time. If the empire's populace become too unhappy or the player runs out of money, the game ends. In a standard game, players compete for a high score by the final turn. Alternatively, a sandbox mode allows endless building, and a campaign mode offers more challenging puzzles. Development Slipways was created by Polish developer Jakub Wasilewski. He originally implemented a prototype of the game on the PICO-8, a virtual machine in the style of a game console, using a pay what you want model. Wasilewski wanted to streamline out the parts of strategy games that he found to be busy-work or excessive micromanagement. Instead of managing individual planets, Wasilewski focused on the logistics of an empire. War slowed these games down too much, so he completely removed it. He was also interested in an empire-building game that did not depict war as unavoidable. When Wasilewski polled the PICO-8 players, he found they did not consider war to be a priority feature, so he stuck to the original design when developing the commercial game. The game was released June 4, 2021. Reception Reviewing a pre-release version of the game, Andy Kelly of PC Gamer wrote, "It's a wonderfully simple, streamlined strategy game, but still makes you feel like you're building something grand." Nic Reuben of Rock Paper Shotgun described Slipways as "a phenomenally smart piece of design" that pits players against their own poor impulses instead of AI-controlled players. Rock Paper Shotgun subsequently listed it among the best space games for the PC. Writing for Wireframe Magazine, Ian Dransfield called it "a focused, delightful puzzle game masquerading as space empire-based grand strategy." References External links 2021 video games Windows games MacOS games Single-player video games Indie video games Science fiction video games Turn-based strategy video games Video games developed in Poland Video games set in outer space Puzzle video games

2792305

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindern%20station

Blindern station

Blindern is a rapid transit station on the Oslo Metro's Sognsvann Line. It is situated in the Blindern neighborhood of the Nordre Aker borough of Oslo, Norway. Located from Stortinget, the station is served by lines 4 and 5 of the metro, with a combined five-minute headway. Travel time to Stortinget is seven minutes. Along with Forskningsparken, it serves the campus of the University of Oslo. The station opened on 10 October 1934 along with the rest of the Sognsvann Line. Until 1994 the station was called Blindernveien, named for the road which crossed the line at a level crossing. The station received a major upgrade in 1993, in which longer platforms and an overpass for pedestrians were installed. History Construction of single dwellings in the area commenced in the 1920, starting off with the Blindern Haveby estate. In 1920 the Parliament of Norway decided that the area would be the main campus for the University of Oslo. Meanwhile, Aker Municipality worked with plans for construction of a suburban railway which would serve the areas around Blindern. Holmenkolbanen was granted permission in 1922, but the plans were placed on hold. Work commenced again in 1933 and the line opened on 10 October 1934. It was originally called Blindernveien. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute moved to Blindern in 1937, but large-scale development of the campus did not take place until the 1960s. During the 1980s, the city decided to connect the four suburban lines west of the city center with the Oslo Metro. The Sognsvann Line was selected as the first line to be upgraded, so the two systems would become compatible. The line was upgraded to metro standard by replacing the overhead wire with a third-rail power supply and installing automatic train protection. The upgrade also involved standardizing the design on all the stations on the Sognsvann Line. The station cut off the road Blindernveien, as it could not longer cross the tracks. Originally the plans had called for the street to be carried over the station on an overpass. This was protested by local residents, and eventually led to a much smaller overpass being built which only carried a combined pedestrian and bicycle path. The station took the new name Blindern from 1994. From 4 April 1993 trains along the Sognsvann Line were connected to the eastern part of the metro, initially connected with the Østensjø Line. From 8 April 1995 the trains from the Grorud Line terminated at Blindern. From 20 August 2003 the new Ring Line opened and Line 5 continued through it. The university was working for renovation of the station for its bicentennial anniversary in 2011, but this was never carried out due to lack of funding. The project would have seen new platforms and a new overpass with separate bicycle and pedestrian pathways. Service The station is served by lines 4 and 5 of the Oslo Metro. During regular hours, each operates at a 15-minute headway. Line 5 passes twice through the Ring, so that there are services every five minutes to the city center and twice every fifteen minutes to the Ring Line. Travel time to Stortinget is seven minutes. Operations are carried out by Sporveien T-banen on contract with Ruter, the public transport authority in Oslo and Akershus. The infrastructure itself is owned by Sporveien, a municipal company. Service is provided using MX3000 three- and six-car trains. The station had an average 4,989 boarding passengers in 2002, ranking ninth among the metro stations that year. It is located in fare zone 1, which overlaps with the borders of Oslo Municipality. Facilities Blindern is a rapid transit station situated on the Sognsvann Line, from Stortinget in the city center. It is an open ground station featuring two side platforms. The station meets the metro standard of the Oslo Metro. This includes two side platforms and an overpass. The station is designed by Arne Henriksen and features a short shelter on each platform. The station is located on the western side of the Blindern campus of the University of Oslo, from which the station derives a significant portion of its traffic. References Oslo Metro stations in Oslo Railway stations opened in 1934 1934 establishments in Norway

44742539

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana%20Temprano

Ana Temprano

Ana Temprano (born 28 January 1984) is a former Spanish handball player for the Spanish national team. References 1984 births Living people Spanish female handball players Sportspeople from Oviedo

48864563

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976%20United%20States%20presidential%20election%20in%20Ohio

1976 United States presidential election in Ohio

The 1976 United States presidential election in Ohio took place on November 2, 1976. All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1976 United States presidential election. State voters chose 25 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Ohio was won by former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter (D) by a margin of 0.27%, which made the state almost 2% more Republican than the nation-at-large. , this is the last election in which Adams County and Brown County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate, and the last time until 2020 when Wood County voted for a losing candidate. The state was not only one of the closest states in the election, but it was called for Carter after he won Wisconsin, the tipping-point state of the election. This being said, even if Ford carried the state, Carter would still have retained 272 electoral votes, enough to win the presidency. Results Results by county See also United States presidential elections in Ohio References Ohio 1976 1976 Ohio elections

13310733

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislature%20broadcaster

Legislature broadcaster

A legislature broadcaster is a broadcaster, a television channel or a radio station that mainly broadcasts sound or video from the legislature and other parliamentary chambers such as parliamentary commissions in a city, state or in a country. They can be either owned by the legislature chamber itself such as Europe by Satellite owned by the European Commission, Lok Sabha TV by the Lower House of Indian, Rajya Sabha TV by the Upper House of Indian Parliament or the Knesset Channel, the country's public broadcaster like BBC Parliament, S4C2 or ABC NewsRadio, or a private company like C-SPAN or CPAC. When the chamber is down or on holiday, either the channel goes down or other public affairs programming is broadcast. List of legislative broadcasters Africa Americas Asia & Oceania Europe References

69679550

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiral%20Parker

Admiral Parker

Admiral Parker may refer to: Sir Charles Parker, 5th Baronet (1792–1869), Royal Navy admiral Edward N. Parker (1904–1989), U.S. Navy vice admiral George Parker (Royal Navy officer) (1767–1847), Royal Navy admiral Henry Parker (Royal Navy officer) (born 1963), Royal Navy rear admiral Sir Hyde Parker, 5th Baronet (1714–1782), Royal Navy vice admiral Hyde Parker (Royal Navy officer, born 1739) (1739–1807), Royal Navy admiral Hyde Parker (Royal Navy officer, born 1784) (1784–1854), Royal Navy vice admiral Sir Peter Parker, 1st Baronet (1721–1811), Royal Navy admiral Robert C. Parker (born 1957), U.S. Coast Guard rear admiral Sir William Parker, 1st Baronet, of Harburn (1743–1802), Royal Navy admiral Sir William Parker, 1st Baronet, of Shenstone (1781–1866), Royal Navy admiral See also Foxhall A. Parker Sr. (1788–1857), U.S. Navy commodore, prior to institution of the rank of admiral Foxhall A. Parker Jr. (1821–1879), U.S. Navy commodore, prior to institution of the rank of admiral James P. Parker (1855–1942), U.S. Navy commodore

34922374

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda%20fish%20chowder

Bermuda fish chowder

Bermuda fish chowder is a chowder soup that is considered the national dish of Bermuda. Its basic ingredients are fish, tomatoes and onions, seasoned with black rum and "sherry peppers sauce". The recipe is believed to have been developed by the 17th century British colonizers of Bermuda. Recipes The basic ingredients of Bermuda fish chowder are fish stock, fish fillets, and tomato puree. Other ingredients are typically vegetables and herbs and spices. There are many variations spun off of the basic ingredients. One recipe uses one cup of chopped onion, celery, and carrot as well as diced pork hocks and a dash of Worcestershire sauce. Another uses white fish fillets (either cod, grouper, tilefish, or snapper), onions, carrots, celery, minced garlic, unsalted butter, bay leaf, thyme, allspice, Worcestershire sauce, black rum and sherry pepper sauce. Other types of fish can be used like rock fish or sea bass. The consistency of Bermuda fish chowder is much lighter than chowders that are thickened with milk or cream. It is sometimes compared with bouillabaisse. Traditional condiments Traditional recipes are seasoned with black rum, and "sherry peppers sauce", a hot sauce made of pimentos marinated in sherry and spices. Locally manufactured "Outerbridge's Original Peppers Sauce" is one of Bermuda's few exports. It is said that Bermuda fish chowder must include Outerbridge's sauce. Black Seal Rum made by Bermudan distiller Gosling Brothers is also considered the traditional rum to flavour the soup. History It is believed that the recipe was developed by 17th century British colonizers. Sherry peppers sauce is also Bermudan tradition dating from that period. Called "peppers wine", it was used by sailors to make spoiled food more palatable. See also Bouillabaisse Gumbo Fish chowder List of soups List of stews References External links Bermuda’s Fish Chowder from WestJet Airlines' magazine Bermuda fish chowder description from Frommer's 2011 Bermuda travel guide Recipe from the Gosling's Rum website. Fish and seafood soups Bermudian cuisine National dishes

25089743

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Cup%20%28book%29

The Cup (book)

The Cup is a non-fiction book written by American author Eric O'Keefe. First published in Australia in 2009, its subject is the 2002 running of the Melbourne Cup, which was won by the American-bred gelding Media Puzzle, who was ridden by champion Australian jockey Damien Oliver and prepared by the Irish trainer Dermot Weld. The Cup was based on a 2003 article that O’Keefe wrote for Nicklaus magazine titled "The Race That Stopped a Nation." O’Keefe and Australian director Simon Wincer co-authored the screenplay for the movie version of the story, which premiered in 2011 starring Brendan Gleeson. Plot summary The week before the 2002 Melbourne Cup, Jason Oliver, Damien's older brother, was fatally injured in a training accident while riding an unraced horse at Belmont Racecourse in Perth. Taken to Royal Perth Hospital, Jason never regained consciousness and died after being taken off life support. In 1975, while competing in the Boulder Cup at Kalgoorlie, Ray Oliver, Damien and Jason's father, was involved in a five-horse fall. Knocked unconscious, the jockey was flown from Kalgoorlie to Perth where he too was treated at Royal Perth Hospital. Ray Oliver never regained consciousness and died. His death left his widow, Pat, to look after their two sons: Jason, 5, and Damien, 3. Damien's decision to return to Melbourne following Jason's death and compete in the Melbourne Cup captured the attention of his fellow countrymen as well as racing enthusiasts around the world. He dedicated his victory in the 2002 Melbourne Cup to his brother. His winning ride has since been selected by Sport Australia Hall of Fame as one of the most memorable moments in the country's sporting history. Foreword Australian director Simon Wincer wrote the book's foreword. Part one The first six chapters of The Cup introduce the individuals and the events leading up to the 2002 Melbourne Cup, including background on Dermot Weld ("The Irish Wizard"), Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum ("The Sheikh"), the race itself ("The Melbourne Cup"), legendary trainer Bart Cummings ("The Cups King"), Dermot Weld's historic victory in the 1993 Melbourne Cup ("A Vintage Performance"), and the internationalization of the Melbourne Cup ("The World Comes Calling"). Part two The final ten chapters of The Cup focus on the 2002 racing season, including the decision to race Media Puzzle ("The Dark Horse"), Damien Oliver's background ("The West Australian"), the 2002 Geelong Cup ("A Theatrical Streak"), the great Australian Thoroughbred Northerly ("The Last Best Hope"), Jason Oliver's accident ("Racing Home"), Jason Oliver's death and its effects ("Solving the Puzzle"), Damien Oliver's winless effort on Victoria Derby Day ("Derby Day"), Melbourne Cup Day ("The Boys From the Bush"), the 2002 Melbourne Cup ("The Race That Stopped the Nation"), and the burial of Jason Oliver ("Final Ride"). Epilogue and appendices A brief epilogue follows the principal characters since 2002. Appendices include the Final Field of the 2002 Melbourne Cup, Damien Oliver's 2002 Melbourne Cup Carnival Results, Melbourne Cup Statistics, and the Cast of Characters. Book launch The launch of The Cup took place in the Committee Room at Flemington Racecourse on August 4, 2009. Race caller Bryan Martin emceed the event, which featured remarks by Damien Oliver and Simon Wincer. Eric O'Keefe spoke about his experiences researching and writing The Cup via commentary taped in Dallas. The film O’Keefe and Wincer co-wrote the screenplay for the film version of The Cup, and Wincer directed the $15 million feature film. Brendan Gleeson was cast as Dermot Weld. Stephen_Curry portrayed Damien Oliver, and Daniel MacPherson portrayed his brother, Jason Oliver. Jodi Gordon played Trish Oliver, and Alice Parkinson played Jason Oliver's girlfriend, Jenny. Bill Hunter, in his final film role, played Bart Cummings. Bruce Rowland composed the musical score. David Burr was the cinematographer, and Lisette Thomas production designer. Jan Bladier, Lance Hool, David Lee, and Wincer producer The Cup, and Kirk D’Amico, Peter DeRauch, Joel Pearlman, Greg Sitch, and James Vernon were executive producers. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports 28% of critics gave the film positive reviews based on 25 reviews. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 33 out of 100, based on 4 reviews. References External links The Cup.com 2009 non-fiction books Non-fiction books about horse racing

23401595

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel%20Cuan

Angel Cuan

Angel Antonio Cuan Hernández (born May 29, 1989) is a minor league baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has also played for Panama in international competition, including the 2009 World Baseball Classic. Minor league baseball He began his professional career in 2008 with the VSL Mets, going 1–8 with a 3.12 ERA in 14 games started. In 72 innings, he had 74 strikeouts. He began the 2009 season with the Brooklyn Cyclones and also pitched for the Kingsport Mets, going 1–5 with a 5.05 ERA in 14 games (13 starts) that year. In 2010, he pitched for the Cyclones and St. Lucie Mets, going a combined 5–1 with a 1.93 ERA in 17 games (14 starts). International competition He had a 4.05 ERA in three relief appearances in the 2008 Americas Baseball Cup. He appeared in one game in the 2009 World Baseball Classic, posting a 27.00 in 1/3 inning of work. References Living people 1989 births 2009 World Baseball Classic players Brooklyn Cyclones players Kingsport Mets players St. Lucie Mets players Savannah Sand Gnats players Binghamton Mets players Venezuelan Summer League Mets players Panamanian expatriate baseball players in Venezuela Panamanian expatriate baseball players in the United States

10375913

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20dollar

International dollar

The international dollar (int'l dollar or intl dollar, symbols Int'l$., Intl$., Int$), also known as Geary–Khamis dollar (symbols G-K$ or GK$), is a hypothetical unit of currency that has the same purchasing power parity that the U.S. dollar had in the United States at a given point in time. It is mainly used in economics and financial statistics for various purposes, most notably to determine and compare the purchasing power parity and gross domestic product of various countries and markets. The year 1990 or 2000 is often used as a benchmark year for comparisons that run through time. The unit is often abbreviated, e.g. 2000 US dollars or 2000 International$ (if the benchmark year is 2000). It is based on the twin concepts of purchasing power parities (PPP) of currencies and the international average prices of commodities. It shows how much a local currency unit is worth within the country's borders. It is used to make comparisons both between countries and over time. For example, comparing per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of various countries in international dollars, rather than based simply on exchange rates, provides a more valid measure to compare standards of living. It was proposed by Roy C. Geary in 1958 and developed by Salem Hanna Khamis between 1970 and 1982. Figures expressed in international dollars cannot be converted to another country's currency using current market exchange rates; instead they must be converted using the country's PPP exchange rate used in the study. Exchange rate by country According to IMF, below is the exchange rate of International dollar to local currency of respective countries in 2018: Short description of Geary-Khamis system This system is valuing the matrix of quantities using the international prices vector. The vector is obtained by averaging the national prices in the participating countries after their conversion into a common currency with PPP and weighing quantities. PPPs are obtained by averaging the shares of national and international prices in the participating countries weighted by expenditure. International prices and PPPs are defined by a system of interrelated linear equations that need to be solved simultaneously. The GK method produces PPPs that are transitive and actual final expenditures that are additive. Inflation adjusting When comparing between countries and between years, the international dollar figures may be adjusted to compensate for inflation. In that case, the base year is chosen, and all figures will be expressed in constant international dollars for that specified base year. Researchers must understand, which adjustments are reflected in the data (Marty Schmidt): •Population adjustments (In which case, figures represent per capita monies) •Currency exchange rate adjustments (In which case, figures will be expressed in one currency unit (typically US$, International $, € £ or ¥) •Purchasing power parity adjustments and/or average commodity prices (in which case, figures are typically expressed as International $) •Inflation adjustments (in which case, figures have been adjusted, based on changes in an inflation index such as the consumer price index, to represent currency for a "base" year, such as 2000). Description of Geary-Khamis system Suppose PPPj is the parity of j-th currency with a currency called international dollars, which may reflect any currency, however, US dollar is the most commonly used. Then the international price Pi is defined as an international average of prices of i-th commodity in various countries. Prices in these countries are expressed in their national currencies. Geary-Khamis method solves this by using national prices after conversion into a common currency using the purchasing power parities (PPP). Hence, the international price, Pi of i-th commodity is defined as: This equation implies that the international price of i-th commodity is calculated by dividing the total output of i-th commodity in all selected countries, converted in international dollars, using purchasing power parities, by the total quantity produced of i-th commodity. Previous equation can be rewritten as follows: This equation suggests that Pi is weighted average of international prices pij after conversion into international dollars using PPPj. PPPj is by Geary-Khamis system defined through this equation: The numerator of the equation represents the total value of output in j-th country expressed in national currency, and the denominator is the value of j-th country output evaluated by repricing at international prices Pi in international dollars. Then PPPj gives the number of national currency units per international dollar. Advantages of Geary-Khamis method Geary-Khamis international dollar is widely used by foreign investors and institutions such as IMF, FAO and World Bank. It has become so widely used because it made possible to compare living standards between countries. Thanks to the international dollar they can see more trustworthy economic situation in the country and decide whether to provide additional loans (or any other investments) to said country, or not. It also offers some comparison of purchasing power parities all around the world (developing countries tend to have higher PPPs). Some traders even use Geary-Khamis method to determine if country´s currency is undervalued or overvalued. Exchange rates are frequently used for comparing currencies, however, this approach does not reflect real value of currency in said country. It is better to include PPP or prices of goods in said country. International dollar solves this by taking into account exchange rates, PPP and average commodity prices. Geary-Khamis method is the best method for comparisons of agricultural outputs. Criticism of using 1990 US dollars for long run comparisons Economists and historians use many methods when they want to research economic development in the past. For example, if we take the United States of America and United Kingdom (these two examples were compared many times in various researches), someone may use nominal exchange rates, Lindert and Williamson (2016) used PPP exchange rates and Broadberry (2003) used growth rates using own-country price indices. However, none of them is somehow better than the others (or theoretically justifiable). There is a high probability that these three methods will give three different answers, and, in fact, Brunt and Fidalgo (2018) showed in their paper that "these three approaches do give three different answers when estimating output levels and growth rates in the US and UK – and they are not only different to one another, but also different to a comparison using the (more theoretically justifiable) chained GK prices." Even though it is more theoretically justifiable, it does not mean it should be used without considering every aspect of this method. For example, Maddison (2001) used the 1990 international dollar when he examined prices during the time of Christ. Ideally, we would use a price benchmark which is significantly closer to the time of Christ. However, there are no such benchmarks. Another problem is that there is no set of international prices, which we could use for valid cross-country comparisons. Comparing GDP levels across countries using their own prices converted at the nominal exchange rate has no value whatsoever. This approach is quite arbitrary because the exchange rate is determined simply by the supply and demand for currency and these metrics are greatly dependent on the volumes of trade balances. It makes little (or no) sense to value all goods (both traded and non-traded at the nominal exchange rate, especially since the absolute volumes of trades may be small compared to total output in both countries. Economists therefore create PPP exchange rates, deriving the exchange rate by valuing a basket of goods in the two countries at two sets of prices (and expressing them as a ratio afterwards). This allows us to see how much it actually costs to live in said country. Although with this approach emerges another problem. What should we choose to be in the basket? Brunt and Fidalgo (2018) use examples of an English basket in 1775 and Chinese basket in 1775. While the English one would have a lot of wheat, the Chinese one would have a lot of rice. Wheat was quite affordable in England and rice was quite affordable in China, however, if we switch these goods, they both would be relatively expensive. This nicely illustrates how choice of the content of the basket will influence the comparison. Simply by using English basket, China would seem like an expensive place to live and vice versa. Geary-Khamis tries to solve this by estimating a weighted average price of each commodity using the shares of countries in world production to weight the country prices. Another problem emerges when researchers compare countries which have different price structure than the international price structure. Brunt and Fidalgo (2018) show examples of Ireland (which has really similar price structure to the international) and South Africa (which has really different price structure to the international). So, when using domestic and international price indices, Ireland´s growth rates move in very similar direction, but when domestic and international prices are applied to South Africa, they, in fact, move in opposite directions. It is worth noting, that bigger countries tend to have a price index that moves more similarly to the international price index. It is simply because bigger countries have a bigger weight in creation of this index. See also World currency World currency unit Special drawing rights References External links Handbook of the International Comparison Programme. Annex II – Methods of Aggregation. Statistical definition at the UN United Nations Statistics Division. 2007 IMF - Implied PPP conversion rate/National currency per international dollar FAO Geary-Khamis statistical yearbook http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/ess/documents/publications_studies/statistical_yearbook/gearyKhamis.pdf Brunt, L., Fidalgo, A., (2018) Why 1990 international Geary-Khamis dollars cannot be a foundation for reliable long run comparisons of GDP Deaton, A., Heston, A., (2009) Understanding PPPs and PPP-based national accounts https://www.princeton.edu/~deaton/downloads/deaton_heston_complete_nov10.pdf Schmidt, M., International Dollar, Geary-Khamis Dollar https://www.business-case-analysis.com/international-dollar.html Cuthbert, J., R., Cuthbert, M., (1988) On aggregation methods of purchasing power parities, OECD https://www.oecd.org/economy/outlook/2002058.pdf Purchasing power Currencies introduced in 1958 Palestinian inventions

24717959

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced%20labor%20of%20Germans%20after%20World%20War%20II

Forced labor of Germans after World War II

In the years following World War II, large numbers of German civilians and captured soldiers were forced into labor by the Allied forces. The topic of using Germans as forced labor for reparations was first broached at the Tehran conference in 1943, where Soviet premier Joseph Stalin demanded 4,000,000 German workers. Forced labor was also included in the final protocol of the Yalta conference in January 1945, where it was assented to by UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Eastern Europe Soviet Union The largest group of forced laborers in the Soviet Union consisted of several million German prisoners of war. Most German POW survivors of the forced labor camps in the Soviet Union were released in 1953. Estimates of German POW casualties (in both East and West and cumulative for both the war and peacetime period) range from 600,000 to 1,000,000. According to the section of the German Red Cross dealing with tracing the captives, the ultimate fate of 1,300,000 German POWs in Allied custody is still unknown; they are still officially listed as missing. The capture and transfer of civilian ethnic Germans to the Soviet Union began as soon as countries with a German minority began to be overrun in 1944. Large numbers of civilians were taken from countries such as Romania, Yugoslavia, and from the eastern parts of Germany itself. For example, after Christmas 1944 between 27,000 and 30,000 ethnic Germans (aged 18–40) were sent to the USSR from Yugoslavia. Women made up 90% of the group. Most were sent to labor camps in the Donbass (Donets or Donez basin) where 16% of them died. Poland In its shifted borders, post-war Poland comprised large territories that had a German-speaking majority and had been part of German states for centuries. Many ethnic Germans living in these areas were, prior to their expulsion from their home region, used for years as forced laborers in labor camps such as that run by Salomon Morel. Among these camps were Central Labor Camp Jaworzno, Central Labor Camp Potulice, Łambinowice, Zgoda labor camp and others. The law authorizing forced labor, Article 20 of the law on the exclusion of the enemy elements from society, also removed rights to Polish citizenship and all property owned. The many camps were used during the process of the expulsions for the sake of "rehabilitating" Reichs- or Volksdeutsche, to decide if they could stay or go, but in reality this was a program of slave labor. Roughly 200,000 ethnic Germans died in the Soviet run concentration camps in Poland. Others were still amongst the rest of the population, but the communist government had made several declarations that the German population should be exploited as forced labor, instructing a minimum of 60 hours work per week with no rights for breaks. The salaries were insufficient for survival, usually 25 or 50 percent of Polish salaries. Czechoslovakia The German-speaking population of the Sudetenland was, in the same case as Poland, expelled after the war. The expulsion was not indiscriminate, however, since as late as 1947, large numbers of skilled German workmen were still being detained. Germans were forced to wear a white armband with the letter "N", for "Němec" signifying German in Czech to identify them (even German Jews had to wear it). Czech Deputy Premier Petr Mareš has in the past, in vain, tried to arrange compensation for ethnic Germans who were forcibly resettled or used as forced labor after the war. Eastern Germany Many Germans in what would become East Germany were forced by the Communist authorities to work in German uranium mines producing the majority of the raw material of the Soviet atomic bomb project. Beginning in the summer of 1946 the Soviets began explorations in the Erzgebirge, and sealing off the old radium hot springs by September of the same year. An initial workforce of four to five thousand was established, with another 20,000 called for by the end of the year. When an extra 60,000 workers were called for in the summer of 1947, a wave of potential workers flooded into West Germany to avoid the mines, including many citizens who would otherwise prefer to live in the communist East. Workers who began as volunteers were turned into forced laborers. Workers who attempted to escape, whether conscripts or volunteers, were hunted down and returned to the mines. The work was dangerous and stressful and the Soviets made no effort to improve it; as a result the mines became filled with forced labor conscripts and has been compared to a death march and the Gulags of Kolyma. Quotas were repeatedly set and raised, and conscription took place without regard to health or work experience - mines became staffed with office workers, craftsmen and students with no mining experience. In an effort to increase the number of laborers, women were increasingly recruited to the non-segregated mines, many of whom brought or were infected with venereal diseases, and were sexually exploited by the Russian guards. By 1948 workers were pulled away from factories and criminals from jails to staff the mines, as were POWs returning to Germany from the Soviet Union. Housing lagged behind the burgeoning workers (with many regions doubling in population between 1946 and 1951), worsening already difficult conditions. The mines were considered worse than a penal colony, but were controlled directly by Moscow and local governments were unable to help. Eventually Germans would become more involved in the running of the mines, forming a joint company with Russia in 1956. Western Europe Background Contrary to Section IV of the Hague Convention of 1907, "The Laws and Customs of War on Land", the SHAEF "counter insurgency manual" included provisions for forced labor and hostage taking. France and Low Countries German prisoners were forced to clear minefields in Denmark, Norway, France and the Low Countries. According to Simon MacKenzie, "callous self-interest and a desire for retribution played a role in the fate" of German prisoners, and he exemplifies by pointing out that sick or otherwise unfit prisoners were forcibly used for labor, and in France and the Low Countries this also included work such as highly dangerous mine-clearing; "by September 1945 it was estimated by the French authorities that two thousand prisoners were being maimed and killed each month in accidents." Some of the 740,000 German prisoners transferred in 1945 by the U.S. for forced labor in France came from the Rheinwiesenlager camps; these forced laborers were already very weak, many weighing barely 50 kg (110 lbs). In retaliation for acts of resistance, French occupation forces expelled more than 25,000 civilians from their homes. Some of these civilians were subsequently forced to clear minefields in Alsace. United Kingdom In 1946, the UK had more than 400,000 German prisoners of war, many of whom had been transferred from POW camps in the U.S. and Canada. Many of these were used as forced labourers, as a form of war reparations. The two main reasons for their continued presence in Britain were to denazify them (in particular German officers), and for non-officers employment as agricultural and other labor. In 1946 a fifth of all agricultural work in the UK was performed by German prisoners. A public debate ensued in the UK, where protests over the continued usage of German labourers raged in the British media and in the House of Commons. In 1947 the Ministry of Agriculture argued against rapid repatriation of working German prisoners, since by then they made up 25 percent of the land workforce, and they wanted to keep employing them into 1948. Faced with political difficulties in using foreign labor, the Ministry of Agriculture offered a compromise, in which German prisoners of war who volunteered were to be allowed to remain in Britain as free men. Following disputes about how many former prisoners of war would be permitted to remain voluntarily in Britain and whether they would first have to return briefly to Germany before being allowed to officially migrate to Britain, by the end of 1947 about 250,000 of the prisoners of war were repatriated, and the last repatriations took place in November 1948. About 24,000 chose to remain voluntarily in Britain. Norway In Norway, the last available casualty record, from August 29, 1945, shows that by that time a total of 275 German soldiers had been killed while clearing mines, while an additional 392 had been maimed. German protests that forcing POWs to clear mines was against international law (per article 32 of the Geneva Conventions) were rejected with the assertion that the Germans were not POWs; they were disarmed forces who had surrendered unconditionally ("avvæpnede styrker som hadde overgitt seg betingelsesløst"). Mine clearance reports received by the Allied Forces Headquarters state: June 21, 1945; 199 dead and 163 wounded Germans; 3 Norwegians and 4 British wounded. The last registration, from August 29, 1945, lists 392 wounded and 275 dead Germans. Mine clearance was then for unknown reasons halted for close to a year before recommencing under better conditions during June–September 1946. This time many volunteered thanks to good pay, and death rates were much lower, possibly thanks in part to a deal permitting them medical treatment at Norwegian hospitals. United States The United States transferred German prisoners for forced labor to Europe (which received 740,000 from the US). For prisoners in the U.S. repatriation was also delayed for harvest reasons. Civilians aged 14–65 in the U.S. occupation zone of Germany were also registered for compulsory labor, under threat of prison and withdrawal of ration cards. Tens of thousands of Axis prisoners of war including Germans were put to work in the United States in farms, mills and canneries. These prisoners were paid $0.80 per day for their labor ( dollars). Conclusion Most German POWs of the Americans and the British were released by the end of 1948, and most of those in French captivity were released by the end of 1949. According to the Office of Public Administration (part of Federal Ministry of the Interior), compensation for Germans used as forced labor after the war cannot be claimed in Germany since September 29, 1978, due to the statute of limitations. See also American food policy in occupied Germany Forced labor in Germany during World War II Foundation "Remembrance, Responsibility and Future" Industrial plans for Germany Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany Unfree labor References Further reading Michael Foley, "Prisoners of the British", 2009 Sullivan, Matthew Barry, "Thresholds of Peace. Four hundred thousand German prisoners and the people of Britain, 1944–1948", Hamish Hamilton, London 1979 External links Ruhs, Florian: Foreign Workers in the Second World War. The Ordeal of Slovenians in Germany., in: aventinus nova Nr. 32 [29.05.2011] Victor Gollancz, "Germany Revisited", London Victor Gollancz LTD, 1947 France's Deadly Mine-Clearing Missions Transcripts of UK War Cabinet discussions Provided by The National Archives. The meetings of May 18, 1945, and June 11, 1945 discuss the provisions made for slave labor in the Yalta protocol, and the value to be extracted from the workers. Report on Germany by former US President Herbert Hoover, February 1947 Excerpt from Norwegian documentary on mine clearing According to narrator and text prisoners were killed by blinds when the British guards forced them to walk over cleared fields. Allied occupation of Germany 1940s in Germany 1950s in Germany Post–World War II forced migrations Unfree labour Unfree labor in the Soviet Union Unfree labor during World War II Germany–Soviet Union relations German prisoners of war Labor in Germany World War II prisoners of war Anti-German sentiment

51615375

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20UEFA%20Champions%20League%20Final

2018 UEFA Champions League Final

The 2018 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, the 63rd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 26th season since it was renamed from the European Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kyiv, Ukraine on 26 May 2018, between Spanish side and defending champions Real Madrid, who had won the competition in each of the last two seasons, and English side Liverpool. After Liverpool's Sadio Mané cancelled out Karim Benzema's opener for Real Madrid, two goals from man of the match Gareth Bale proved the difference in a 3–1 win for Real Madrid, making them the first team to win three back-to-back titles in Champions League era and the first since Bayern Munich defeated Saint-Étienne in the 1976 European Cup Final; it was additionally their fourth title in five seasons and their 13th European Cup overall. They also earned the right to play the winners of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League, Atlético Madrid, in the 2018 UEFA Super Cup and to enter the semi-finals of the 2018 FIFA Club World Cup, losing the former and winning the latter. They also qualified to enter the group stage of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, but since they already qualified through their league performance, the berth reserved was given to the champions of the 2017–18 Czech First League, the 11th-ranked association according to next season's access list. Teams In the following table, finals until 1992 were in the European Cup era, since 1993 were in the UEFA Champions League era. Venue The NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium was announced as the final venue on 15 September 2016, following the decision of the UEFA Executive Committee meeting in Athens, Greece. This was the sixth European Cup/Champions League final hosted at an Eastern European venue following those in 1973 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, the 1983, 1994 and 2007 finals hosted by Athens, Greece, as well as the 2008 final in Moscow, Russia. The Olimpiyskiy Stadium was built in 1923 and it has been renovated three times, most recently in 2011 in preparation for the UEFA Euro 2012 tournament. The stadium was used as a venue in the 1980 Summer Olympics for its football event and the aforementioned European Championship, including the final match, which saw Spain beat Italy by the record-breaking score of 4–0 on the way to their third title. Its current capacity is 70,050 and it is used by the Ukraine national football team, Dynamo Kyiv, and major domestic matches like the Ukrainian Cup. Background Defending champions Real Madrid reached a record 16th final after a 4–3 aggregate win against German side Bayern Munich, knocking them out of the competition for the second consecutive season. This was Real Madrid's third consecutive final, and fourth final in five tournaments with an opportunity to win a record 13th title. Previously they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016 and 2017; and lost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 20th final in all seasonal UEFA competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). Real Madrid are only the third team since the competition's rebranding as the Champions League to reach three consecutive finals after A.C. Milan in 1995 and Juventus in 1998. They were the first team in the Champions League era, and the fourth overall, to win three straight finals, a feat only achieved by the Real Madrid side of the 1950s, as they went on to win a record five successive finals, as well as the Ajax and Bayern Munich squads of the 1970s in 1973 and 1976, respectively. Liverpool reached their eighth final, their first since 2007, after a 7–6 aggregate win against Italian side Roma. They had won the final on five occasions (1977, 1978, 1981, 1984 and 2005), and lost twice (1985 and 2007). This was also their 13th final in UEFA seasonal competitions, having played in one Cup Winners' Cup final (losing in 1966) and four UEFA Cup/Europa League finals (winning in 1973, 1976 and 2001; and losing in 2016). Liverpool were the first team since Bayern Munich in 2011–12 to reach the final having qualified for the competition through the play-off round. This was also the most recent occasion the final featured an English team (Chelsea). Liverpool were the most recent team to defeat Real Madrid in a European Cup Final, winning 1–0 in Paris in 1981. Besides the 1981 final, the two teams had played each other four times in the Champions League era. Liverpool won both matches in the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League round of 16 (1–0 away and 4–0 at home), while Real Madrid won both matches in the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League group stage (3–0 away and 1–0 at home). Road to the final Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away). Pre-match Ambassador The ambassador for the final was former Ukrainian international Andriy Shevchenko, who won the UEFA Champions League with Milan in 2003. Ticketing With a stadium capacity of 63,000 for the final, a total of 40,700 tickets were available to fans and the general public, with the two finalist teams receiving 17,000 tickets each and with 6,700 tickets being available for sale to fans worldwide via UEFA.com from 15 to 22 March 2018 in four price categories: €450, €320, €160, and €70. The remaining tickets were allocated to the local organising committee, UEFA and national associations, commercial partners and broadcasters, and to serve the corporate hospitality programme. Opening ceremony English singer Dua Lipa performed at the opening ceremony preceding the final. Jamaican rapper Sean Paul joined her as a special guest to perform their collaborative song, "No Lie". The UEFA Champions League Anthem was performed by Croatian cello duo 2Cellos. Related events The 2018 UEFA Women's Champions League Final was held two days earlier, on 24 May 2018, at the Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium between Wolfsburg and Lyon, Lyon emerging victorious 4–1. This was also the last time that the host city for the men's Champions League final was also automatically assigned the Women's Champions League final. The annual UEFA Champions Festival was held between 24–27 May 2018 in the Kyiv city centre. Incidents In late May, The New York Times reported that some fans with allocated tickets had returned them after having trouble finding flights to and accommodation in Kyiv. Locals in Kyiv began offering free accommodation for fans affected by cancelled hotel and apartment arrangements. Several charter flights arranged for Liverpool fans were cancelled, leaving fans with tickets stranded and leading to an unsuccessful search for alternative solutions by the club and city government. Other airlines offered flights to Kyiv from airports in Liverpool and Manchester, using assigned slots at Kyiv's airports. On 24 May, a group of Liverpool fans were attacked in a restaurant by 20 masked hooligans. Match Officials On 7 May 2018, UEFA announced that Serbian Milorad Mažić would officiate the final. Mažić has been a FIFA referee since 2009, and gained UEFA's elite referee status in 2013. He was joined by his fellow countrymen, with Milovan Ristić and Dalibor Đurđević as assistant referees, Nenad Đokić and Danilo Grujić as additional assistant referees, and Nemanja Petrović as reserve assistant referee. The fourth official for the final was Frenchman Clément Turpin. Summary The match began with Liverpool's kickoff and the team's successive attacks to counter Madrid's slower, possession-based buildup. In the 23rd minute, a low shot by Trent Alexander-Arnold went through a defender's legs and forced a late save by Keylor Navas. Two minutes later, Liverpool forward Mohamed Salah was injured competing for the ball with Sergio Ramos, whose arm were locked by Salah resulting in a fall. Due to a dislocated shoulder, Salah was substituted four minutes later for Adam Lallana. Madrid's Dani Carvajal was substituted in the 37th minute with a hamstring injury after an unsuccessful backheel. Minutes later, Karim Benzema appeared to score by finishing a shot started by a Cristiano Ronaldo header. His goal was disallowed however because he was judged to have been in an offside position. The first half ended scoreless, with Madrid dominating possession but Liverpool having more chances to score. The first chance of the second half fell to Isco, who hit the crossbar. In the 51st minute, Benzema scored the match's first goal by deflecting a throw by Liverpool goalkeeper Loris Karius back into the net. Liverpool equalised four minutes later with a tap-in by Sadio Mané, who finished a header by Dejan Lovren after a corner kick by James Milner from the right. Gareth Bale was substituted in for Isco in the 61st minute and scored Madrid's second goal two minutes later, using an acrobatic bicycle kick to finish a cross by Marcelo from the left. Liverpool pressed for a second equalising goal, with a shot by Mané that hit the goal post and calls for a penalty for an alleged handball, but were also losing possession to Madrid. Ronaldo had a chance to score his first goal of the match during a counterattack in the 73rd minute, but was tackled by Liverpool defender Andrew Robertson in the penalty box. Bale scored his second goal of the match in the 83rd minute on a shot that swerved in front of Karius and went through his hands and into the net. A second chance on goal for Ronaldo in the 93rd minute of play was interrupted by a pitch invader, who was captured by stadium stewards. Details The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw, which was held on 13 April 2018, 13:00 CEST, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. Statistics Post-match Real Madrid became the first team since Bayern Munich in 1974–76 to win three consecutive UEFA Champions Leagues or European Cups. The title was Madrid's 13th, another Champions League record, and their fourth in five years. Real Madrid's victory was the fifth consecutive title for a Spanish side in the Champions League, becoming the longest run for the trophy to be held by teams from the same country since English sides won six consecutive titles between 1977 and 1982. Manager Zinedine Zidane became the first to win three consecutive Champions League titles and matched Carlo Ancelotti's record of Champions League era wins. Five days after the final, Zidane announced that he would step down as manager in favour of a "different voice". Cristiano Ronaldo became the first player to win the Champions League five times, surpassing the record set by Clarence Seedorf in 2007 and by Andrés Iniesta in 2015. Gareth Bale became the first substitute to score two goals in a Champions League final and was named man of the match. His first goal received acclaim as one of the best in Champions League history and was compared to Ronaldo's bicycle kick goal against Juventus in the quarter-final and manager Zinedine Zidane's goal in the 2002 final. Sergio Ramos's tackle on Mohamed Salah received mixed reactions from the press and fans on whether the injury was the result of a deliberate blow or an accident. Egyptian fans responded with anger on social media, including insults that became trending topics on Twitter. A Change.org petition calling on UEFA and FIFA to punish Ramos for the challenge received 400,000 signatures within two days. A separate incident involving Ramos and Liverpool goalkeeper Loris Karius raised questions after a video showed him allegedly elbowing Karius in the face prior to his first goalkeeping error. UEFA declined to take action against Ramos for the incident with Karius. After an examination, on 4 June 2018, physiatrist Ross Zafonte at the Massachusetts General Hospital said in a statement that Karius suffered a concussion during the match and that, according to him, it was possible the concussion could have affected the player's performance. Liverpool manager Jürgen Klopp lost his sixth of seven major finals, including Champions League and league cups. After the match, Loris Karius tearfully apologised to Liverpool supporters who remained in the stands and stated that his mistakes "lost the team the final". After the match, Karius received online death threats and hate messages directed at him and his family. He would move to Turkish club Beşiktaş on loan the following season. See also 2018 UEFA Europa League Final 2018 UEFA Super Cup 1981 European Cup Final – contested between same teams Liverpool F.C. in international football Real Madrid CF in international football competitions References External links UEFA Champions League (official website) UEFA Champions League history: 2017/18 2018 UEFA Champions League final: Kyiv, UEFA.com 2018 Final Champions League Final 2018 International club association football competitions hosted by Ukraine Real Madrid CF matches Liverpool F.C. matches Champions League Final Champions League Final 2010s in Kyiv May 2018 sports events in Europe

5465301

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehorse%20Mountain

Whitehorse Mountain

Whitehorse Mountain or White Horse Mountain may refer to: Whitehorse Mountain (New York) in the Black Rock Forest, New York, U.S. Whitehorse Mountain (Washington), U.S. Whitehorse Mountain (British Columbia) in the Cariboo Mountains, Canada Whitehorse Mountains in California, U.S. White Horse Mountains, in Oregon, U.S.

36132650

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos%201109

Kosmos 1109

Kosmos 1109 ( meaning Cosmos 1109) was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1979 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors. Kosmos 1109 was launched from Site 41/1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 18:11 UTC on 27 June 1979. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1979-058A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 11417. Podvig says that it self-destructed and that its orbit was never stabilised. See also 1979 in spaceflight List of Kosmos satellites (1001–1250) List of Oko satellites List of R-7 launches (1975-1979) References Kosmos satellites 1979 in spaceflight Oko Spacecraft launched by Molniya-M rockets Spacecraft launched in 1979

21528198

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calico%20crab

Calico crab

Calico crab may refer to: Ovalipes ocellatus Hepatus epheliticus Animal common name disambiguation pages

37482847

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindungsan

Mindungsan

Mindungsan may refer to: Mindungsan (Gangwon), a mountain in the county of Jeongseon, Gangwon-do, South Korea Mindungsan (Gyeonggi), a mountain near Pocheon in the county of Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

25678363

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%2C%20Count%20of%20Salm

Nicholas, Count of Salm

Nicholas, Count of Salm (Vielsalm, Belgium 1459 – Salmhof, Marchegg, Lower Austria, 4 May 1530) was a German soldier and an Imperial senior military commander (German: Feldherr). His greatest achievement was the defense of Vienna during the first siege by the Turks in 1529. Life At the age of 17 in 1476, Nicholas participated in the Battle of Morat against Charles the Bold. In 1488 he fought in Flanders and was made an Imperial Colonel three years later. In 1509 he fought in Italy under Georg von Frundsberg and conquered Istria. In 1502, he married Elisabeth von Rogendorff, with several children including: Nicholas II, count of Salm-Neuburg Wolfgang of Salm, Bishop of Passau In the Battle of Pavia in 1525 Nicholas of Salm played an important role in taking King Francis I of France prisoner. The following year he crushed the Peasants' Revolt in Tirol and conquered Schladming. In 1529 aged 70, he was asked to organize the defense of Vienna during the first siege by the Turks, which he did with great skill and success. During the siege, he was wounded by a falling rock, and died a few months later from his wounds. Honours He was made a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece. His tomb sculpture, made by Loy Hering, can still be seen in the Votive Church in Vienna. In popular culture Salm is the central figure in the modern era German author Wolfgang Hohlbein's novel Die Wiederkehr. Salm figures in The Shadow of the Vulture, by Robert E. Howard, where he is acquainted with, and still has respect for, fallen knight von Kalmbach. As "Von Salm", he figures as a supporting character in the Tim Powers novel The Drawing of the Dark. External links ADB, Niclas I Graf zu Salm 1459 births 1530 deaths Nicholas Knights of the Golden Fleece Military personnel of the Holy Roman Empire

124964

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linwood%2C%20New%20Jersey

Linwood, New Jersey

Linwood is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 7,092, reflecting a decline of 80 (−1.1%) from the 7,172 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 306 (+4.5%) from the 6,866 counted in the 1990 Census. Linwood was originally incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 20, 1889, from portions of Egg Harbor Township, based on the results of a referendum held the previous day. Linwood was reincorporated as a city on April 27, 1931. The area had been called Leedsville until 1880, when a post office was being established. The United States Postal Service insisted that the name had to be changed as it conflicted with an existing post office elsewhere in the state. Among the names proposed and considered by local residents were "Brinola", "Geneva", "Pearville" and "Viola", with "Linwood" ultimately chosen. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 4.21 square miles (10.91 km2), including 3.81 square miles (9.87 km2) of land and 0.40 square miles (1.04 km2) of water (9.55%). The city is located about west of Atlantic City. It borders the municipalities of Egg Harbor Township, Northfield and Somers Point. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Bellhaven and Seaview. Demographics The median house value (as of 2005) was $300,200. 2010 Census The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $80,518 (with a margin of error of +/- $8,965) and the median family income was $103,529 (+/- $11,162). Males had a median income of $90,125 (+/- $16,766) versus $50,125 (+/- $5,378) for females. The per capita income for the city was $47,501 (+/- $5,093). About 2.1% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over. 2000 Census As of the 2000 United States Census there were 7,172 people, 2,647 households, and 1,966 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,873.5 people per square mile (723.0/km2). There were 2,751 housing units at an average density of 718.6 per square mile (277.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.20% White, 1.06% African American, 0.11% Native American, 2.41% Asian, 0.22% from other races, and 0.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.81% of the population. There were 2,647 households, out of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.4% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.13. In the city the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $60,000, and the median income for a family was $71,415. Males had a median income of $51,614 versus $31,627 for females. The per capita income for the city was $32,159. About 3.8% of families and 3.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.1% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over. Government Local government Linwood operates under the City form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 15 of 565 municipalities statewide that use this form. The governing body is comprised of a Mayor and a seven-member City Council who are chosen in partisan balloting held as part of the November general election. The mayor is elected at-large for a four-year term of office. On the city council, six council members are elected from the city's two wards for three-year terms on a staggered basis with two ward seats coming up for election each year, and one at-large council member is elected for a three-year term. The council exercises the legislative power of the city by adopting ordinances and resolutions. In addition, the council is responsible for the approval of the city budget, the establishment of financial controls and setting of all salaries of elected and appointed officers and employees. An administrator is charged with directing the day-to-day activities of city government. , the Mayor of the City of Linwood is Republican Darren H. Matik, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. The City Council is comprised of June Byrnes (R, 2021; Ward 1), Stacy DeDomenicis (R, 2022; Ward 1), Eric Ford (R, 2020; Ward 1), Todd Gordon (R, 2021; Ward 2), Brian D. Heun (R, 2022; Ward 2), Matthew B. Levinson (R, 2020; At Large - appointed to serve an unexpired term) and Ralph A. Paolone (R, 2020; Ward 2). In January 2020, Matthew B. Levinson was appointed to fill the at-large city council seat expiring in December 2020 that was vacated by Darren H. Matik when he took office as mayor. In May 2016, Eric Ford was selected from three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the Ward 1 seat expiring in December 2017 that became vacant following the resignation of Timothy Tighe. Darren Matik was named in August 2012 to fill the vacant at-large seat that had been held by Matthew Levinson, who resigned the previous month. Todd Gordon was appointed in January 2013 to fill the seat of Alex Marino, who had resigned following his taking office on the Atlantic County Board of Chosen Freeholders. Brian Heun was appointed in February 2014 to fill the unexpired term of Donna Taylor. Federal, state and county representation Linwood is located in the 2nd Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 2nd state legislative district. Politics As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 5,197 registered voters in Linwood City, of which 1,120 (21.6% vs. 30.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,894 (36.4% vs. 25.2%) were registered as Republicans and 2,181 (42.0% vs. 44.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 2 voters registered to other parties. Among the city's 2010 Census population, 73.3% (vs. 58.8% in Atlantic County) were registered to vote, including 97.5% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 76.6% countywide). In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 2,190 votes (57.0% vs. 41.1% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,592 votes (41.4% vs. 57.9%) and other candidates with 39 votes (1.0% vs. 0.9%), among the 3,842 ballots cast by the city's 5,408 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.0% (vs. 65.8% in Atlantic County). In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 2,190 votes (53.0% vs. 41.6% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,851 votes (44.8% vs. 56.5%) and other candidates with 51 votes (1.2% vs. 1.1%), among the 4,131 ballots cast by the city's 5,476 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.4% (vs. 68.1% in Atlantic County). In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 2,254 votes (56.3% vs. 46.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,674 votes (41.8% vs. 52.0%) and other candidates with 40 votes (1.0% vs. 0.8%), among the 4,004 ballots cast by the city's 5,011 registered voters, for a turnout of 79.9% (vs. 69.8% in the whole county). In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,800 votes (69.9% vs. 60.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 679 votes (26.4% vs. 34.9%) and other candidates with 27 votes (1.0% vs. 1.3%), among the 2,576 ballots cast by the city's 5,541 registered voters, yielding a 46.5% turnout (vs. 41.5% in the county). In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,536 votes (55.4% vs. 47.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 1,017 votes (36.7% vs. 44.5%), Independent Chris Daggett with 174 votes (6.3% vs. 4.8%) and other candidates with 30 votes (1.1% vs. 1.2%), among the 2,774 ballots cast by the city's 5,260 registered voters, yielding a 52.7% turnout (vs. 44.9% in the county). Historic district The Linwood Historic District is a historic district within the city along Maple and Poplar avenues, and Shore Road. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 1989 for its significance in architecture and social history. The district includes 129 contributing buildings and three contributing sites. The Masonic Temple was built and features Doric columns. The district also includes Linwood Borough School No. 1, listed individually on the NRHP in 1984. Education Public schools Students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade are served by the Linwood Public Schools. As of the 2017–18 school year, the district and its two schools had an enrollment of 822 students and 71.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.6:1. Schools in the district (with 2017-18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are Seaview Elementary School with 422 students in grades PreK-4 and Belhaven Middle School with 397 students in grades 5–8. Students in public school for ninth through twelfth grades attend Mainland Regional High School, which also serves students from Northfield and Somers Point. The high school is located in Linwood. For the 1997–98 school year, Mainland Regional High School was recognized by the United States Department of Education as a National Blue Ribbon School. As of the 2017–18 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,267 students and 111.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.4:1. Borough public school students are also eligible to attend the Atlantic County Institute of Technology in the Mays Landing section of Hamilton Township or the Charter-Tech High School for the Performing Arts, located in Somers Point. Private school The Gospel of Grace Christian School serves students from pre-kindergarten through sixth grade. Transportation Roads and highways , the city had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Atlantic County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation. U.S. Route 9 is the main highway directly serving Linwood, running south into Somers Point and north into Northfield. Several major highways are accessible just outside the city, including the Garden State Parkway and the Atlantic City Expressway. These major highways provide connections to New York City, Philadelphia and Cape May. Public transportation NJ Transit offers bus transportation to and from Ocean City and Atlantic City on the 507 and 509 routes. Atlantic City International Airport, approximately away, provides both commuter and regular air travel to major eastern cities and beyond. Community services There are only three traffic lights in the city: Central and Oak, Central and New Road, and Poplar and New Road. An additional traffic light lies on the border with Somers Point, at Ocean Heights and New Road. There are at least three points of access to the waters surrounding Linwood. The west end of Hamilton Avenue abuts Patcong Creek, allowing the launching of canoes or kayaks (and possibly trailered boats). An unnamed dirt road (Poplar Docks) just to the east of the Linwood Country Club ends several hundred yards into the marshes, and it may allow launching of trailered boats at low tide (the end of the road tends to submerge at high tide). The eastern end of Seaview Avenue is a better-constructed dirt road that ends at a dock (known as "Seaview Docks" to locals) on Sod Thorofare, and is suitable for trailered boats. A parking permit is required at the Hamilton Avenue and Seaview Avenue sites. Permits are valid for the entire calendar year, though their purchase price varies with time of acquisition: January 1 through March 31: $20 per permit, except for senior citizens 65 years or older, where the fee will be $5 per permit. Permits purchased subsequent to March 31 and prior to Labor Day will be available at a cost of $50 per permit. Permits purchased from Labor Day through December 31 will be available at a cost of $20 per permit. Up to 450 permits per year are issued, and they can be purchased at the office of the City Clerk. On May 14, 2003, the City Council approved the auction of up to two licenses, citywide, for restaurant service of alcoholic beverages. Package-good sales are not permitted anywhere in the city. This was the first revision to the alcohol-sales-related section of the city code since 1969; it is unclear if sales were permitted prior to that year. Notable people People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Linwood include: James F. Allen (born c. 1960), chairman of Hard Rock International and chief executive officer of Seminole Gaming. John F. Amodeo (born 1950), member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 2008 to 2014 who represented the 2nd Legislative District and had served on the Linwood City Council from 1998 to 2005. Sarah Broadhead (1831-1910) author of The Diary of a Lady from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, who became a resident of Linwood after 1885. Greg Buttle (born 1954), former NFL linebacker for the New York Jets. Mark H. Buzby (born 1956), former United States Navy rear admiral who serves as Administrator of the United States Maritime Administration. Joshua Cohen (born 1980), novelist and story writer, best known for his works Witz (2010) and Book of Numbers (2015). Chris Daggett (born 1950), President and CEO of the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation who ran as an independent candidate for Governor of New Jersey in the 2009 election. Shereef Elnahal (born 1985), physician who has served as 21st Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Health. John F. Gaffney (1934-1995), politician who represented the 2nd Legislative District in the New Jersey General Assembly after serving as Mayor of Linwood from 1976 to 1980. Rachel Alana Handler (born 1998), actress, singer and motivational speaker who is best known for playing Chunks in the 2016 horror movie Smothered. Dennis Horner (born 1988), NBA basketball player who has played for the New Jersey Nets. David B. Joslin (born 1936), bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Central New York from 1992 to 2000. Kenneth Lacovara, professor at Drexel University who discovered the dinosaur Dreadnoughtus. Sonia Manzano (born 1950), actress, screenwriter and author, best known for playing the character Maria Rodriguez on the PBS television show Sesame Street between 1971 and 2015. Samuel Ojserkis (born 1990), rower who competed in the men's eight event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Tyler Stockton, college football coach and former player who serves as the defensive coordinator and inside linebackers coach at Ball State University. References External links Linwood City website Linwood Public Schools School Data for the Linwood Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics Mainland Regional High School website The Current of Linwood 1889 establishments in New Jersey Cities in Atlantic County, New Jersey City form of New Jersey government Populated places established in 1889

16199652

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certers

Certers

Certers () is a village in Andorra, located in the parish of Sant Julià de Lòria. Populated places in Andorra Sant Julià de Lòria

14934240

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Word%20and%20the%20Flesh

The Word and the Flesh

The Word and the Flesh is the third studio album and fourth album overall by American noise rock band Band of Susans. For the first time in the band's history, they were able to find a settled lineup to back up the band's core-line up of band leader Robert Poss, Susan Stenger and drummer Ron Spitzer, after Karen Higlof and Page Hamilton departed the band following the release of Love Agenda (1989). With Anne Husick and Mark Lonergan replacing them, the band entered their "classic line-up" and recording The Word and the Flesh in New York City in spring 1990, with Poss acting as producer. The album was the band's "tribute to the E chord", and is often considered to the band's most accessible album, with a less reverbed guitar sound and more song-orientated approach than before. The final track, "Guitar Trio" is a work from when Poss and Stenger worked with experimental composer Rhys Chatham in the 1980s. The Word and the Flesh was belatedly released in September 1991 by Restless Records. It originally received mostly positive reviews from music critics from a variety of magazines. Over time, its legacy has been increasingly positive, with one review calling it "perhaps the finest hour by the Susans," and in 2014, music journalist Andrew Earles included the album in his book Gimme Indie Rock: 500 Essential American Underground Rock Albums 1981–1996. Background and recording When Band of Susans formed in New York City in 1986, they consisted of Robert Poss (guitar and vocals), Susan Stenger (bass and vocals), Ron Spitzer (drums), with Susan Lyall (guitar), Susan Tallman (guitar), and Alva Rogers (vocals), and took their name from the trio of Susans then in the lineup. Poss, Stenger, and Spitzer grew up together in Buffalo, New York. After releasing their début album Hope Against Hope (1988), Rogers, Lyall and Tallman quit, and were replaced by Karen Haglof (guitar) and Page Hamilton (guitar). The new line-up recorded the band's second album, Love Agenda (1989), and a Peel Sessions EP that was not released until 1992, but the two new guitarists ultimately quit, with Haglof attending medical school and Hamilton quickly forming the more metal-influenced Helmet. In 1990, Anne Husick (guitar) and Mark Lonergan (guitar) replaced the two former guitarists, thus creating the band's "classic lineup". In an interview with The Chicago Tribune, who considered the line-up to "so successfully subsume their individual abilities to the group aesthetic," Poss said "it's hard to find people who are both talented and restrained. The guitar ethos is this male, masturbatory thing in that if you play guitar and you're good the first thing you want to do is show people how good you are and how much you know. Many virtuoso instrumentalists lack the discipline and focus of knowing when not to play." The band signed to independent label Restless Records and began work on their third album at the start of the same year. The album was recorded at Platinum Sound Recording Studios in New York City in May and June 1990 with engineer Oz Fritz. As with the band's prior albums, Poss was the sole producer of the album. Chris Gerhinger mastered the album at The Hit Factory, a New York recording studio famous for its clientele. Music The band considered The Word and the Flesh to be their "tribute to the E chord," and is considered by several critics to be the band's most accessible album, opting for a less reverbed guitar sound than before. Chris Parker of Allmusic said that "despite featuring their third pair of guitarists in as many albums, [The Word and the Flesh sees] Band of Susans deliver their most assured, accessible album." Michael Peitti of Tucson Weekly said that the album was "gorgeous, buzzing [and] the most accessible" by the band. Music journalist Andrew Earles called it the band's "strongest rock-centric, song-concerned album, and their first with genuine hooks/catchiness rather than just melodies." Punk Auction said the album "employed a more focused attack, typified by a lesser emphasis on reverb and feedback, to arrive at a more accessible sound." Trouser Press said the album features "even fine-tunes [and] the Susans' dedication to both content and presentation" and noted how "the resolute maelstrom of guitar pressure, which — as distinct from the Jesus and Mary Chain's fuzz — is kept on a strict low-reverb diet and carefully assembled into a roar of distinct instruments rather than one hazy propwash." Parker commented that "the guitars operate as interlocking pieces of a larger puzzle, while bassist Susan Stenger floats below, providing structure without being chained to the beat. The sound alternates between haunting and crushing, and the guitars are finally consistently corralled into the dramatic service of the song. The clean, nearly reverb-less guitar sound leaves plenty of room to hear the guitars' idiosyncratic directions while maintaining a nearly opaque wall of sound." He described "Plot Twist" and "Silver Lining" as examples of songs when "the band breaks loose from their throbbing chords to deliver a crunchy punch to the solar plexus," but noted that, "mostly, though, the effect is of rich lattices of guitar and intermingling swells, lifting and propelling the songs through an omnipresent guitar drone. Bassist Stenger's throaty vocals add a moody counterpoint to the guitars' pitched screech and anchor the album's opening two tracks, not incidentally two of the better compositions on the disc." He later referred to the album is being based around songcraft. "Tilt", described by Onda Rock as "a truly shocking piece for the volume and dynamic outcomes to which it arrives," was initially included in Poss' demo tape of four tracks, where he added "the song of Susan Stenger (who also adapted the text of my fist)." He recalled that he had recorded the intro feedback guitar inside the loft of Nicolas Collins, and used two electric basses and distorted drum machine rather crude. It became one of his favorite tracks. The album closes with the thirteen minute "Guitar Trio", a cover version of the "hypnotic, slow-building fugue" of the same name by experimental American guitarist and experimental composer Rhys Chatham, which, as the name suggests, was composed for three electric guitars, and suited the band as they had a trio of guitarists. Poss considered Chatham a former mentor, as numerous members of the band began their careers in Chatham's ensembles. According to one commentary, "this parallels the way that members of fellow NYC noise rockers Sonic Youth began their careers in Branca's ensembles; Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth did play with Chatham as well." Despite how critics have characterized the album, Poss has retrospectively stated that the album was very much a sonic project instead of a melodic one, and in an interview with Onda Rock, Poss said "the melody I've never been entirely concerned. I'm pretty obsessed with texture and architecture of sound. By repetition, the level, space, distortion density. I love the interactions between seals and lines that generate ghost motifs, melodies and subliminal sounds. I like mysterious reasons, buried, the sounds that are fighting against each other to be heard in opposition to the standardization of "battery-hand-and everything else subordinate to this" that characterizes a large part of rock music, even the same noise-rock. The Word and the Flesh sounds as if the listener's head had been squashed in the middle amplifier, so to speak." Release The album was released in mid-September 1991 by Restless Records in the United States, and by Rough Trade Records in Germany. The album cover, photographed by Geoffrey Notkin, features Poss' red SC-1 guitar, manufactured by G&L Musical Instruments. His other guitars of the same model had featured on other album sleeves by the band, and in 2009 Poss said that "the metonymic significance of my SC-1 reached its zenith when the guitar was used as the central design motif for our Love Agenda, The Word and The Flesh and Peel Sessions CDs." Dale Hyatt and Leo Fender provided the band with their G & L guitars, and the latter was a "rabid Band of Susans fan." The back cover features a 1960 artwork by Karel Plicka. The album is dedicated to Julius Eastman. As with the band's other releases, it was not a commercial success. According to The Great Indie Discography book, "unfortunately, success is the one thing that has eluded the Band of Susans and Co. throughout their decade-plus lifespan." "Now is Now" was featured on Restless Records' compilation A Restless World in 1991, and the same song was remixed for the band's 1992 EP Now. Describing the remix, Trouser Press said it was "fine but unessential, as is the quintet's seductively subdued interpretation of the Stones' "Paint It, Black."" Critical reception The album received very positive reviews from music critics. The Boston Phoenix called it "a refreshingly joyful noise....Essential." The NME said the album was "nothing less than pure, demonic euphoria." CMJ called the album "a three-guitar wall of gorgeous tumult," whilst Rockpool referred to it as "probably the sleeper of the year," predicting it to be a sleeper hit. Sounds were very favourable, saying "this will blow yer fuckin head right off....This is utterly dazzling." Alternative Press called it "a feast for the guitar-rock aficionado," whilst Melody Maker called it "molten passion." A more mixed review came from Ivan Kreilkamp of Spin, who said "a band with a big booming sound must take care not to fall into empty portentiousness. When Thaila Zedek sang for Live Skull–a group often sharing Band of Susans' Glenn Branca trained New York guitar drone heritage–she always managed, with a phrase as simple as "It's not really having fun / it's like trying to forget someone," to pin a recognizable emotion to the vast swell of the music. This is a trick Band of Susans doesn't always pull off. The Word and the Flesh suggests a penchant for abstract allegory that the song titles "Ice Age" and "Estranged Labor" distressingly confirm. And "Sermon on Competition, Part 2," offering the promise of a sense of humor, only delivers "Some day I'll make you crawl / some day I'll have it all," sung in the gothic wall of a herald of capitalist doom. No doubt about it, Band of Susans is affected by a bad case of self-importance that undermines its nice big guitar sound." However, he commented that "there are exceptions, especially the no-nonsense "Now is Now," which achieves real propulsive force and infuses a line like "You know she'll always be there when she needs you" with bracing sarcasm." Over time, the album has received increasingly more well received. In a retrospective review, Chris Parker of Allmusic rated the album four and a half stars out of five and said "despite featuring their third pair of guitarists in as many albums, Band of Susans deliver their most assured, accessible album.". He said that "most rewarding are the moments when the band breaks loose from their throbbing chords to deliver a crunchy punch to the solar plexus, such as on "Plot Twist" and "Silver Lining." Mostly, though, the effect is of rich lattices of guitar and intermingling swells, lifting and propelling the songs through an omnipresent guitar drone." Michael Petitti of Tucson Weekly, in another retrospective commentary, said the album was "gorgeous [and] buzzing" and "perhaps [the] finest hour by the Susans." In 2014, music journalist Andrew Earles included the album in his book Gimme Indie Rock: 500 Essential American Underground Rock Albums 1981–1996, one of two Band of Susans albums included in the list, alongside Here Comes Success (1995). Earles commented that is the "strongest" of their "rock-centered, song-concerned" albums and that it was their first album to feature "genuine hooks/catchiness rather than just melodies." The album is also positively referred to in The Rough Guide to Rock. Track listing "Ice Age" (Robert Poss, Susan Stenger) - 5:29 "Now Is Now" (Robert Poss, Susan Stenger) - 4:36 "Trouble Follows" (Robert Poss) - 3:25 "Plot Twist" (Robert Poss) - 4:22 "Estranged Labor" (Robert Poss, Susan Stenger) - 4:41 "Sermon On Competition, Part 2" (Robert Poss, Susan Stenger) - 5:00 "Bitter and Twisted" (Robert Poss) - 3:13 "Bad Timing" (Robert Poss) - 3:27 "Tilt" (Robert Poss) - 5:06 "Silver Lining" (Robert Poss) - 4:42 "Guitar Trio" (Rhys Chatham) - 13:20 Personnel Robert Poss - guitar, vocals Susan Stenger - bass, vocals Mark Lonergan - guitar Anne Husick - guitar Ron Spitzer - drums Technical Oz Fritz - engineer Steve Wellner - assistant engineer Chris Gehringer - mastering References 1991 albums Band of Susans albums Restless Records albums Rough Trade Records albums Albums produced by Robert Poss

1866200

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policoro

Policoro

Policoro (Lucano: ) is a town and comune in the province of Matera, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. With some 17,000 inhabitants, is bounded by the towns of Rotondella, Scanzano Jonico and Tursi. Situated on the coast, its population swells in the summertime due to an influx of tourists who come to enjoy the Lido di Policoro. History The construction of the town was started in 680 BC by Greeks colonists from Colophon, but the town was destroyed in the 6th century BC by the Achaean colonies in coalition with Metaponto, Crotone, and Sibari. In 432 BCE, the town was rebuilt in the same place as before and was called Heraclea (also Heracleia or Herakleia). In very little time, it became richer and more famous than the nearby town Siris. In 280 BCE, the Battle of Heraclea happened there during the war between Taranto and Rome. The Tables of Heraclea date back to this period and they are now located in the Archeology Museum of Naples. These ancient bronze tablets contain texts in Greek and Latin that discuss public and constitutional rules and laws of the town, one such being "Lex Iulia Municipalis". During the Middle Ages, the entire area depopulated and Heraclea lost its prestige, becoming a little village on a small hill. It was called Policoro, Πολύχωρον meaning "large place" in Greek. The population was sheltered from nearby villages, which were threatened, by numerous invasions and raids. Eventually, the village became a baronial feud and the town developed around the baronial castle, used as a residence from 1000 CE for hunting because of the vast forests owned by local noble families, such as the Berlingieri. Only after 1950, thanks to the work to reclaim the land which had become marshy and unhealthy over the centuries and also to the agrarian reform that split and redistributed the land to guarantee a fast development and resettlement, Policoro received municipal autonomy. This change attracted families to move to Policoro from all parts of the region. Geography and weather It is on the Ionian coast, 70 km far from Taranto and Matera. Policoro has a hot Mediterranean climate and enjoys mild winters with moderate rainfall. Summers are warm to hot and also dry and sunny. Rainfall is rare in this season, and a typical July has only two or three days with measurable rainfall. The temperature is typically above 20 °C and frequently reaches 30 °C+. The average maximum temperature in the warmest months (July and August) is around 37 °C. During winter, days can be either sunny and dry or damp and rainy. Frost is unusual and snowfall is extremely rare that they are remembered by the townspeople as special events. The last noticeable snowfall occurred in early January 2017. The average minimum temperature in January is around 7 °C. Spring starts mild and rainy in late March and becomes increasingly warmer and sunnier towards June. Culture Events in the town include Blues in Town: organized annually by the cultural association La Mela di Odessa, the summer festival, which was founded in 2004, has had performances by artists such as Neffa, Giuliano Palma, Rocco Papaleo, James Senese, Paolo Belli, and Inibizioni Recidive. Policoro in Swing: organized annually by the cultural association Vintage Routes, the festival has been held every year at the end of August since 2013. It's an original swing dance camp where music, dancing, sailing, and vacationing combine into a week of fun. Balloon—Children's Cartoon and Literature Festival, a summer cultural event that was born in 2012 and has hosted esteemed Italian cartoonists such as Silver (Lupo Alberto), Corrado Mastantuono (Dylan Dog, Tex, and various Disney characters), Giuseppe Palumbo, and Clod. Youth Creativity Festival. Organized annually by the Young Democrats of Policoro, the festival was created in 2009 to showcase young artists. Sport Policoro had a football team, Policoro 2000 Calcio, until the 2009 Championships. During the 2009–2010 season, Policoro had two teams, A.S.D. Policoro 2000 and A.S.D. Borussia Pleiade. Since the 2010–2011 season, the two football teams combined into one team, A.S.D Policoro Heraclea. The colors of the team were light blue, white, and red, but then they returned to the original colors of white and light blue. Now, the team is called Real Metapontino and they play in Serie D. In the 2010–2011 season, the team Avis Borussia Policoro were promoted to Serie B and now they play in Serie A2. In 2016, Policoro created its first boys’ basketball team, A.S.D. Policoro Basket, for local teenagers. Their home games are played at Palaercole. TV and cinema On April 19, 2017, Policoro was mentioned in a “Too Much Exposition Theatre” sketch starring Alec Baldwin on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert as a possible location for a shipwrecked Italian cousin. The following films were filmed in and around Policoro: Berlin Chamissoplatz, directed by Rudolf Thome (1980) Libera nos a malo, directed by Fulvio Wetzl (2008) Basilicata Coast to Coast, directed by Rocco Papaleo (2010) Operazione vacanze, directed by Claudio Fragasso (2012) People Dinu Adameșteanu - archaeologist Domenico Ridola - physician, politician and archaeologist Domenico Pozzovivo – cyclist Gianluca Vizziello – motorcycle racer Simone Zaza – footballer External links policoro.eu References Cities and towns in Basilicata

62958348

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20El%20Paso%20Locomotive%20FC%20season

2020 El Paso Locomotive FC season

The 2020 El Paso Locomotive FC season was the second season for El Paso Locomotive FC in the USL Championship (USL-C), the second-tier professional soccer league in the United States and Canada. This article covers the period from November 18, 2019, the day after the 2019 USL-C Playoff Final, to the conclusion of the 2020 USL-C Playoff Final, scheduled for November 12–16, 2020. Club Roster Competitions Exhibitions USL Championship Standings — Group C Match results On December 20, 2019, the USL announced the 2020 season schedule, creating the following fixture list for the early part of El Paso's season. In the preparations for the resumption of league play following the shutdown prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the remainder of El Paso's schedule was announced on July 2. USL Championship Playoffs U.S. Open Cup As a USL Championship club, El Paso will enter the competition in the Second Round, to be played April 7–9. It was announced on 29 January that their first opponent would be NISA side Detroit City FC. References El Paso Locomotive FC El Paso El Paso El Paso Locomotive

4481471

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application%20performance%20management

Application performance management

In the fields of information technology and systems management, application performance management (APM) is the monitoring and management of performance and availability of software applications. APM strives to detect and diagnose complex application performance problems to maintain an expected level of service. APM is "the translation of IT metrics into business meaning ([i.e.] value)." Measuring application performance Two sets of performance metrics are closely monitored. The first set of performance metrics defines the performance experienced by end users of the application. One example of performance is average response times under peak load. The components of the set include load and response times. The load is the volume of transactions processed by the application, e.g., transactions per second (tps), requests per second, pages per second. Without being loaded by computer-based demands for searches, calculations, transmissions, etc., most applications are fast enough, which is why programmers may not catch performance problems during development. The response times are the times required for an application to respond to a user's actions at such a load. The second set of performance metrics measures the computational resources used by the application for the load, indicating whether there is adequate capacity to support the load, as well as possible locations of a performance bottleneck. Measurement of these quantities establishes an empirical performance baseline for the application. The baseline can then be used to detect changes in performance. Changes in performance can be correlated with external events and subsequently used to predict future changes in application performance. The use of APM is common for Web applications, which lends itself best to the more detailed monitoring techniques. In addition to measuring response time for a user, response times for components of a Web application can also be monitored to help pinpoint causes of delay. There also exist HTTP appliances that can decode transaction-specific response times at the Web server layer of the application. In their APM Conceptual Framework, Gartner Research describes five dimensions of APM: End user experience monitoring – (active and passive) Application runtime architecture discovery and modeling User-defined transaction profiling (also called business transaction management) Application component monitoring Reporting & Application data analytics In 2016, Gartner Research has updated its definition, into three main functional dimensions: End-user experience monitoring (EUEM) has been evolved to Digital experience monitoring (DEM); A new dimension, Application discovery, tracing and diagnostics (ADTD), combines three formerly separate dimensions (Application topology [runtime architecture] discovery and visualization, User-defined transaction profiling, and Application component deep-dive), since all three are primarily focused on problem remediation and are interlinked; Application analytics (AA). Current issues Since the first half of 2013, APM has entered into a period of intense competition of technology and strategy with a multiplicity of vendors and viewpoints. This has caused an upheaval in the marketplace with vendors from unrelated backgrounds (including network monitoring, systems management, application instrumentation, and web performance monitoring) adopting messaging around APM. As a result, the term APM has become diluted and has evolved into a concept for managing application performance across many diverse computing platforms, rather than a single market. With so many vendors to choose from, selecting one can be a challenge. It is important to evaluate each carefully to ensure its capabilities meet your needs. Two challenges for implementing APM are (1) it can be difficult to instrument an application to monitor application performance, especially among components of an application, and (2) applications can be virtualized, which increases the variability of the measurements. To alleviate the first problem application service management (ASM) provides an application-centric approach, where business service performance visibility is a key objective. The second aspect present in distributed, virtual and cloud-based applications poses a unique challenge for application performance monitoring because most of the key system components are no longer hosted on a single machine. Each function is now likely to have been designed as an Internet service that runs on multiple virtualized systems. The applications themselves are very likely to be moving from one system to another to meet service-level objectives and deal with momentary outages. The APM conceptual framework Applications themselves are becoming increasingly difficult to manage as they move toward highly distributed, multi-tier, multi-element constructs that in many cases rely on application development frameworks such as .NET or Java. The APM Conceptual Framework was designed to help prioritize an approach on what to focus on first for a quick implementation and overall understanding of the five-dimensional APM model. The framework slide outlines three areas of focus for each dimension and describes their potential benefits. These areas are referenced as "Primary" below, with the lower priority dimensions referenced as "Secondary. " End user experience (primary) Measuring the transit of traffic from user request to data and back again is part of capturing the end-user-experience (EUE). The outcome of this measuring is referred to as Real-time Application monitoring (aka Top Down monitoring), which has two components, passive and active. Passive monitoring is usually an agentless appliance implemented using network port mirroring. A key feature to consider is the ability to support multi-component analytics (e.g., database, client/browser). Active monitoring, on the other hand, consists of synthetic probes and web robots predefined to report system availability and business transactions. Active monitoring is a good complement to passive monitoring; together, these two components help provide visibility into application health during off peak hours when transaction volume is low. User experience management (UEM) is a subcategory that emerged from the EUE dimension to monitor the behavioral context of the user. UEM, as practiced today, goes beyond availability to capture latencies and inconsistencies as human beings interact with applications and other services. UEM is usually agent-based and may include JavaScript injection to monitor at the end user device. UEM is considered another facet of Real-time Application monitoring. Runtime application architecture (secondary) Application Discovery and Dependency Mapping (ADDM) offerings exist to automate the process of mapping transactions and applications to underlying infrastructure components. When preparing to implement a runtime application architecture, it is necessary to ensure that up/down monitoring is in place for all nodes and servers within the environment (aka, bottom-up monitoring). This helps lay the foundation for event correlation and provides the basis for a general understanding on how network topologies interact with application architectures. Business transaction (primary) Focus on user-defined transactions or the URL page definitions that have some meaning to the business community. For example, if there are 200 to 300 unique page definitions for a given application, group them together into 8-12 high-level categories. This allows for meaningful SLA reports, and provides trending information on application performance from a business perspective: start with broad categories and refine them over time. For a deeper understanding, see Business transaction management. Deep dive component monitoring (secondary) Deep dive component monitoring (DDCM) requires an agent installation and is generally targeted at middleware, focusing on web, application, and messaging servers. It should provide a real-time view of the J2EE and .NET stacks, tying them back to the user-defined business transactions. A robust monitor shows a clear path from code execution (e.g., spring and struts) to the URL rendered, and finally to the user request. Since DDCM is closely related to the second dimension in the APM model, most products in this field also provide application discovery dependency mapping (ADDM) as part of their offering. Analytics/reporting (primary) It is important to arrive at a common set of metrics to collect and report on for each application, then standardize on a common view on how to present the application performance data. Collecting raw data from the other tool sets across the APM model provides flexibility in application reporting. This allows for answering a wide variety of performance questions as they arise, despite the different platforms each application may be running on. Too much information is overwhelming. That is why it is important to keep reports simple or they won't be used. See also Application Response Measurement Application service management Business transaction performance List of performance analysis tools Network management Website monitoring References System administration Software performance management

53588383

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus%20Palacios%20Trigo

Jesus Palacios Trigo

Jesús Joaquín Palacios Trigo (born 1964) is a Spanish author, journalist and film critic. Biography Palacios was born in 1964 in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain. He began his career with his father Joaquin Palacios, editor of Antología de la poesía macabra española e hispano americana (Valdemar 2000), editing fanzines like Excalibur (1984) and El Grito (1986), focused in horror, fantastic and macabre, a field in which is today considered a cult author. Palacios attended the prestigious Complutense University of Madrid, where he graduated in Journalism. Palacios is the author of numerous books, like Goremanía, Satán en Hollywood. Una historia mágica del cine, or the critically praised Psychokillers. His critics has been published by many of the main film magazines in Spanish language, like Fotogramas, Nosferatu or CINE2000. He has collaborated with many important weekly and daily news papers like Tiempo, Tribuna, Interviú, Qué Leer, El Cultural, El Mundo, La Razón, Generación XXI, etc. He is also a frequent collaborator of many film festivals, like Festival Internacional de Cine de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Semana Negra de Gijón, Festival de Cine de Sitges, Festival de Cine de Gijón, Semana de Cine Fantástico y de Terror de San Sebastián, among others. Palacios also has participated in many TV shows as a film critic and an expert in the macabre. One of his last projects in this media is the very popular "Inferno 13" for the Spanish network Calle 13. Published Work Author Goremanía, Alberto Santos Editor, 1995 Planeta Zombi, Midons Editorial, 1996 Satán en Hollywood, Valdemar 1997 Psychokillers, Ediciones Temas de Hoy, 1998 Goremanía 2, Alberto Santos Editor, 1999 Los ricos también matan, Temas de Hoy, 2000 Alégrame el día, Espasa-Calpe, 2000 Nosotros los vampiros, Oberon, 2002 La fábrica de sueños, Espasa, 2003 Desde el infierno, Oberon, 2004 Eric Jan Hanussen. La vida y los tiempos del mago de Hitler, Oberon, 2005 Juegos mortales: Katanas, mentiras y cintas de vídeo, Espasa-Calpe, 2007. ¿Qué debes saber para parecer un cinéfilo?, Espasa-Calpe, 2008. Aleksei Balabanov, Festival Internacional de Cine de Gijón, 2009 Hollywood maldito, Valdemar 2014 Editor/Curator Cara a cara. Una mirada al cine de género italiano, Semana negra de Gijón, 2004 (con Rubén Paniceres) Gun crazy. Serie negra se escribe con B, T&B, 2005 (con Antonio Weinrichter) Euronoir. Serie negra con sabor europeo, T&B, 2006 Asia Noir. Serie negra al estilo oriental, T&B, 2007 (con Roberto Cueto) Métal Hurlant y el Cine Fantástico, Donostia Kultura, 2009 La bestia en la pantalla. Aleister Crowley y el cine fantástico, Donostia Kultura, 2010 NeoNoir. Cine negro americano moderno, T&B, 2011 Collective Work Los desarraigados en el cine español, Festival Internacional de Cine de Gijón, 1998. El Giallo italiano. La oscuridad y la sangre, Nuer, 2001. La nueva carne. Una estética perversa del cuerpo, Valdemar 2002. El día del niño, Valdemar 2003. Imágenes del mal, Valdemar 2003. Europa imaginaria. Cinco miradas sobre lo fantástico en el Viejo Continente, Valdemar 2006. El demonio en el cine. Máscara y espectáculo, Valdemar 2007. El cine de ciencia ficción. Explorando mundos, Valdemar 2008. American Gothic. El cine de terror USA 1968–1980, Donostia Kultura, 2008 Las sombras del horror. Edgar Allan Poe en el cine, Valdemar 2009. Pesadillas en la oscuridad, Valdemar 2010. Drácula. Un monstruo sin reflejos, Reino de Cordelia, 2012. Neoculto. El libro imprescindible sobre el cine de culto. Calamar 2012 References 1964 births Living people Spanish film critics

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajala%20IF

Pajala IF

Pajala IF is a sports club in Pajala, Sweden, established in 1930 playing soccer. It later also adopted basketball, table tennis, soccer, floorball, ice hockey, skiing and volleyball. The men's volleyball team played in the Swedish top division during the season of 2000–2001. References External links Official website 1930 establishments in Sweden Basketball teams in Sweden Defunct ice hockey teams in Sweden Football clubs in Sweden Ski clubs in Sweden Sports clubs established in 1930 Sport in Norrbotten County Swedish floorball teams Swedish volleyball clubs Table tennis clubs in Sweden

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophy%20and%20visual%20arts

Theosophy and visual arts

Modern Theosophy has had considerable influence on the work of visual artists, particularly painters. Artists such as Wassily Kandinsky, Piet Mondrian, and Luigi Russolo chose Theosophy as the main ideological and philosophical basis of their work. Theosophical colour mysticism The Theosophical teaching on the human aura was elaborated by Charles W. Leadbeater and Rudolf Steiner in early 1900s. Both Leadbeater and Steiner stated that "clairvoyants" are gifted of seeing so-called "thought-forms" and "human auras." They have also written that the "impressions" received by such people from the "higher worlds" are similar with the "colour phenomena observed in the physical world." Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke pointed out that Leadbeater (in collaboration with Annie Besant) has also published an "influential book" titled Thought-Forms, a record of clairvoyant investigation. The frontispieces of both Thought-Forms and contain a table "The meanings of colours" of thought-forms and human aura associated with feelings and emotions, beginning with "High Spirituality" (light blue—in the upper left corner) and ending by "Malice" (black—in the lower right corner), 25 colors in all. According to Besant and Leadbeater, feelings and thoughts shape specific forms, for example, "lightning-like shapes" emerge in connection with "anger" and "malice," zig-zag lines show fear etc. Thus, thanks to Leadbeater and Steiner, the "Theosophical colour mysticism", as Sixten Ringbom has formulated, became a subject in which modern artists have been particularly interested. In addition, they were attracted by the Theosophical concept of a "universal harmony underlying the apparent chaos" of the physical world. Theosophists as artists Blavatsky Helena Blavatsky (1831–1891) had a developed gift for drawing, "but no pretensions as an artist." Massimo Introvigne wrote that "the first of a long list of Theosophical painters was none other than Madame Blavatsky herself." Paul Weinzweig spoke about her as "a completely cultured woman in the renaissance ideal." He noted that Blavatsky was a "scientist, poet, pianist, painter, philosopher, writer, educator." Machell Reginald Willoughby Machell (1854–1927) was educated first at Uppingham School, then at Owen's College, having taken "many prizes in drawing and also in the classics." At last, he was sent to study in Paris at the Académie Julian. In 1880, he returned to London and worked as a portrait painter. In 1893, he was elected a member of the Royal Society of British Artists. He created also illustrations to the books An Idol's Passion (1895) and The Chant of a Lonely Soul (1897) by an American novelist Irene Osgood. In 1887, Machell was introduced to Blavatsky herself by a friend of one of his aunts. In 1888, he joined the Theosophical Society. His paintings began to obtain a mystical and symbolist character. It may be related with such his works as Dweller on the Threshold, The Birth of the Planet, and Lead Kindly Light. Machell's Theosophical art had its "triumph" in The Path (1895). He described this painting as follows: THE PATH is the way by which the human soul must pass it its evolution to full spiritual self-consciousness. The supreme condition is suggested in this work by the great figure whose head in the upper triangle is lost in the glory of the Sun above, and whose feet are in the lower triangle in the waters of Space, symbolizing Spirit and Matter. His wings fill the middle region representing the motion or pulsation of cosmic life, while within the octagon are displayed the various planes of consciousness, through which humanity must rise to attain a perfect Manhood. At the top is a winged Isis, the Mother or Oversoul whose wings veil the face of the Supreme from those below. There is a circle dimly seen of celestial figures who hail with joy the triumph of a new initiate, one who has reached to the heart of the Supreme. From that point he looks back with compassion upon all who still are wandering below and turns to go down again to their help as a Saviour of Men. Below him is the red ring of the guardians who strike down those who have not the "password," symbolized by the white flame floating over the head of the purified aspirant. Two children, representing purity, pass up unchallenged. In the centre of the picture is a warrior who has slain the dragon of illusion, the dragon of the lower self, and is now prepared to cross the gulf by using the body of the dragon as his bridge (for we rise on steps made of conquered weaknesses, the slain dragon of the lower nature). His painting Vision of the New Day continues a theme of The Path. The New Day is a symbol of enlightenment, which the human soul can achieve, avoiding the temptations of materialism. In 1900, Machell moved to the United States and joined the Theosophical community at Point Loma established by Katherine Tingley. Schmiechen Hermann Schmiechen (1855–1923) joined the Theosophical Society in London on 20 June 1884. And, fulfilling the request of Blavatsky, he began to paint portraits of the Theosophical Masters. The portrait of the Master Koot Hoomi she assessed as "excellent" and immediately asked Schmiechen to begin working on a portrait of the Master Morya. It took him about three weeks, to complete these paintings. Some authors believe that Schmichen's work was a kind of "psychic experiment", and images of the Masters were transmitted to him telepathically. In Introvigne's opinion, the most significant portraits of the mahatmas "in Theosophical history" were painted by Schmiechen. Brendan French made examination these portraits and, according to his conclusions, he stated that Schmiechen appears to have been significantly influenced by the Venetian cinquecento, in particular by the deceptive tranquillity of Titian's portraiture; equally, he seems to be enamoured of Rembrandt's psychologically-pregnant portraits... That the Masters' portraits should resonate with Christological overtones is hardly surprising. Schmiechen, like most Western artists concerned to invest their images with qualities of transcendence, turned for inspiration to the foundational iconographical type of divine-human hypostasis, the Biblical Christ. The iconic potentialities of a Christ portrait were imported by Schmiechen into his own depiction of semi-divinised men, the Masters. Indeed, he employed several standard devices: an undifferentiated background; over-large, staring eyes; a frontal composition designed to focus attention directly upon the subject's confronting gaze; a sense of sagacity heightened by indications of the sitter's self-possession; no distracting detail in vestment or jewellery; and a framing of the features by long hair and a beard. Klint Hilma af Klint (1862–1944) "experimented with automatic drawing in a Spiritualist setting." She joined the Theosophical Society Adyar on May 23, 1904. In 1920, af Klint became a member of the Anthroposophical Society and began "spending long periods in Dornach." The Theosophical and Anthroposophical ideas were a source of the inspiration for many of her paintings. She painted "several series of impressive paintings exploring spiritual or sacred concepts". Her unique style united, in Tessel Bauduin's opinion, "geometric and biomorphic form with a free line". Af Klint considered abstract art to be the "spiritual precursor of a utopian social harmony, a world of tomorrow." According to Introvigne, only recently, after several exhibitions in different countries, she was recognized as an important European abstract artist. Fuller Florence Fuller (1867–1946) joined the Theosophical Society in 1905. In the same year, she created A Golden Hour "widely regarded as a national Australian masterpiece." From 1908 to 1911 in Adyar, she painted portraits of the leaders of the Theosophical Society and the Theosophical Masters. In Adyar, Fuller created an "unknown number" of portraits of the mahatmas, including the Lord Buddha. Of these, only a portrait of the Master Buddha has been published. In Brendan French's opinion, this portrait illustrates reducing "sex characteristics, and thus appear androgynous." He argued this is "founded in Renaissance angelology." According to McFarlane, Fuller chose the colors for this painting in full accordance with the Theosophical canon expounded in Thought-Forms by Besant and Leadbeater. Mondrian In early 1900s, Piet Mondrian (1872–1944) has with great interest read the Theosophical literature, including by Édouard Schuré. He joined the Dutch Section of the TS in 1909. As Carel Blotkamp stated, "It is abundantly clear that Theosophy was of crucial importance to Mondrian." Michel Seuphor wrote that Mondrian's religion "went from Calvinism to Theosophy and from Theosophy to Neoplasticism," that had included Theosophy and became his main world-view. Mondrian believed that his neoplastic concept should in the "most objective and rational way possible transmit" the Theosophical idea of the Absolute. In his opinion, the neoplastic art will in future replace religion. And artist's role – "as priest of this religious art – will consist in helping the common man reach the desired after inner balance." Mondrian chose for his "monumental triptych" Evolution, a theme which is one of the main doctrines in the Theosophical teaching. According to Robert Welsh, the blue and yellow colors used in the work can be explained as astral "shells or radiations" of the figures. Can be thought that these personages take part in the Theosophical initiation. However, one should examine them as the same person "viewed in three complementary aspects." If go in the order "left, right, and center," we have a standard mystical advancement "from matter through soul to spirit." In Isis Unveiled, Blavatsky wrote: Three spirits live and actuate man, teaches Paracelsus; three worlds pour their beams upon him; but all three only as the image and echo of one and the same all-constructing and uniting principle of production. The first is the spirit of the elements (terrestrial body and vital force in its brute condition); the second, the spirit of the stars (sidereal or astral body—the soul); the third is the Divine spirit (Augoeidés). Roerich Nicholas Roerich (1874–1947) and his wife Helena created Agni Yoga, a "Theosophically inspired form of esotericism." This "neo-Theosophical" doctrine was first explained in 1929. Introvigne designated the Roerichs' doctrine as a "Theosophical schism." According to Joscelyn Godwin, Roerich was "probably the most thoroughly Theosophical of 20th-century painters, although opinions of his merit vary." Artists and Theosophy Kandinsky Even before 1910, Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944) studied the Theosophical books of Blavatsky, Besant and Leadbeater, Steiner, and Schuré. In 1912, he wrote in his main theoretical work Über das Geistige in der Kunst on the importance of Theosophy "for his art". According to Boris Falikov, Theosophy helped Kandinsky conceptually to comprehend creative and spiritual experiences, which, as he understood, "more and more merged into a single whole." The works by Blavatsky, Steiner, and their like-minded people helped him not only to conceptualize his experience, but also to formulate his own mission, which combined the artistic and religious dimension. He comprehended that he was an active participant in the turn to the spiritual world about which "Theosophy prophesied." In his treatise, Kandinsky stated that Blavatsky began "one of the greatest spiritual movements which unites a great number of people and which also has established a material form of this spiritual phenomenon in the Theosophical Society." He presented a long quotation from Blavatsky's book The Key to Theosophy: A new herald of truth will find the minds of men prepared for his message... A new manner of expression is created in which to clothe the new truths, an organization which will await his arrival, and will then proceed to remove the merely material obstacles and difficulties from his path. According to Ringbom, in the "General Part" of his treatise, Kandinsky has actually repeated Schuré's introduction into the Theosophical doctrine. This fact is confirmed his "polemic against materialism, positivism and scepticism, the references to spiritism and psychical research as proofs of the approaching spiritual synthesis of science, religion and art." Rose-Carol Washton-Long wrote that Theosophy convinced Kandinsky that "hidden imagery could be a powerful method" of conveying the spiritual ideas. In his lexicon, Leadbeater's concept of vibration was fixed for life. He used it in his "most famous image" of creativity: Colour is a means of exercising direct influence upon the soul. Colour is the keyboard. The eye is the hammer, while the soul is a piano of many strings. The artist is the hand through which the medium of the corresponding keys causes the human soul to vibrate. It is, thus, evident that colour harmony can rest only on the principle of the corresponding touch to the human soul. Lechter Melchior Lechter (1865–1937) studied painting at the Hochschule der Künste, Berlin. In 1896 at Berlin, he had his first exhibition. He was also a publisher, founder the Unicorn Press (), and "had an interest in Theosophy." In his paintings and writings, Lechter integrated "ideas of both the medieval German and the ancient Indian mystics." Lechter had "his own ideas" about the nature of colour. For example, he believed that Rembrandt in his picture had expressed the "smouldering lewdness of the woman through the yellowish brown mud-colour of her cloak which, moreover, looked as if it were moist." He also argued that expressive quality of the colours by which a "painter could symbolize the character of his subject" was the artistic reproduction of a natural phenomenon, because, in his opinion, "from everyone a special variegated aura emanates which, however, could only be seen by people who were endowed with a special faculty." Jan Stottmeister called Lechter's worldview the "Theosophical Catholicism", since he explained the esoteric significance of "his exoteric Catholicism" with quotations from The Secret Doctrine by Blavatsky and Thought-Forms by Besant and Leadbeater. Kupka František Kupka (1871–1957) had been a "practicing spiritist medium" in Prague and Vienna before his moving to Paris in 1896. Like Kandinsky, he "found inspiration in Theosophy and the occult, and promoted a subjective-intuitive approach to art." Among the Theosophical sources, Besant and Leadbeater's book Thought-Forms had great influence for him. He interested in the Theosophical theory of colour as well as scientific one. Like Mondrian, Kupka accepted an idea on the fourth dimension "as a supplement" to his Theosophical faith. In Chelsea Jones' opinion, Kupka's painting The Dream (1909) confirms his "interest in Buddhism, Theosophy, and science and represents his belief in the immaterial." She wrote that this work also demonstrates the "Theosophical notion" on astral vision: In The Dream, Kupka presented a vision of invisible reality. Here the imaginary floating forms dominate the scene; they dwarf the forms of visible reality, as represented by the fleshy forms lying in sleep. Through the variation in scale between the dream figures and their earthly forms, Kupka clearly made the painting about an experience of invisible reality with the immaterial dominating the material. Beckmann Max Beckmann (1884–1950) was, like both Mondrian and Kandinsky, interested in the "Theosophical theory" of Blavatsky and also began to study the Vedas and Indian philosophy. In Vladimir Ivanov's opinion, Beckmann's painting the Death () requires the Theosophical commentary, without which the meaning of the composition is impossible to understand. Obviously, depicting death, Beckman "relied" on the knowledge he had learned from reading the Theosophical literature. The composition includes the moment of development in time, passing into the timeless (astral) dimension: various stages of post-mortem states are shown. Ivanov stated that the painter introduced the post-mortem experiences of a person burdened with vices. The upper part of the painting is compositionally dominant over the lower one in its meaning and value. Another peculiarity is that the picture represents different time phases and existential states. In the middle is a strange image of the creature with an extinguished candle. Six trotters peek out from under the robe, that immediately makes it clear about the astral nature of this character. The transition from the earthly to the supersensible is traced. Further action takes place in the upper part of the composition, which needs a "hermetic" interpretation. Theosophy represents death as "a long process consisting of various changing phases." The first phase is connected with the experience of kâmaloka. Besant explained it as follows: "Kâmaloka, literally the place or habitat of desire, is... a part of the astral plane, not divided from it as a distinct locality, but separated off by the conditions of consciousness of the entities belonging to it." Beckman wanted to show that the selection and objectification of ended life memories occurs in kâmaloka. According to Ivanov, the monsters at the top of the composition are "nothing more than the objectification of the mental states of the deceased woman." Besant wrote that the first experience after death will be the seeing of the "panorama" of the past life, which at the "death hour" unfolds before every dead in all the experienced details. She stated that "he sees his ambitions with their success or frustration... the predominant tendency of the whole comes clearly out, the ruling thought of the life asserts itself, and stamps itself deeply into the soul, marking the region in which the chief part of his post-mortem existence will be spent." The double structure of the composition Death should be also explained from the Theosophical point of view, because the viewing life after death is done in reverse order: from end to beginning. Ivanov referred on Steiner who has written: "During the time of purification man, as it were, lives his life in reverse order... He begins with the events that immediately preceded death and experiences everything in reverse order back to childhood." Other facts, events, and beings in the astral world are also accepted in reverse order. Leadbeater said that the clairvoyant will find it difficult to be aware of what he sees, and even more difficult of that—to put into words everything he observed. A vivid example of the misconceptions that an observer may undergo is the reverse placement of numbers reflected in the "astral light". For example, 931 instead of 139, and so on. Therefore, the characters depicted upside down in the upper part of the composition testify to the painter knowledge of the laws of the astral plane. Beckmann was uncommonly "impressed" by The Secret Doctrine which he ended to read in 1934. Then he made several different sketches "on the theme" of its second volume Anthropogenesis. The album with these sketches is in the National Gallery (Washington, D.C.). Along with sketches in the album there are excerpts from this book by Blavatsky. A series of sketches is devoted to the development of motives, which then found their finished expression in the work Early Men (). Russolo Luigi Russolo (1885–1947) had interest in occultism and Theosophy. In Luciano Chessa's opinion, Theosophy is the "key" that makes it possible to "identify, decode, and contextualize" Russolo's interest in the occult, which is present in his compositions: from his "printmaking and paintings" to his theoretical works on music. In creativity of Russolo, the Theosophical ideas had been first used in his etching and aquatint Masks (, 1908). His reading the Theosophical books by Besant and Leadbeater on sound-forms "probably influenced one of his most icastic" paintings, Force Lines of Lightning (, 1912). The triangular picture of the shock wave in this painting is "extraordinarily close" to the depiction of the sound-forms of a thunderstorm, which described in Leadbeater's The Hidden Side of Things: "The majestic roll of a thunderstorm creates usually a vast flowing band of colour, while the deafening crash often calls into temporary existence an arrangement of irregular radiations... or sometimes a huge irregular sphere with spikes projecting from it in all directions." Chessa wrote that Russolo's painting La musica represents, according to Leadbeater, "the hidden side of the performance of a piece of music." The painting demonstrates a pianist playing in a "state of rapturous enthusiasm." The lines of his face can hardly be distinguished. His hands are "represented in a mad, virtuosic dash along an infinite keyboard." This work, like Maschere, shows a series of flying masks with various expressions that can readily be interpreted as a "visualization or materialization of the different states of mind" of a pianist-medium, which performed by spirits he himself has summoned. The authors of Thought-Forms explained that the spirits that "reside in the astral plane have the energy to change the course of thought-forms that already exist, and to make them move." In Chessa's opinion, this painting is "structured according to criteria presented in Thought-Forms, in particular the section of the book that describes the forms produced by music." Ginna Arnaldo Ginna (born Arnaldo Ginanni Corradini; 1890–1982), like Kandinsky, had theoretical works on the arts (for example, Arte dell'avvenire [Art of the Future], 1910 and Pittura dell'avvenire [Painting of the Future], 1915). Germano Celant called him "the most esoteric" futurist, pointing out his interest in the Theosophical and occult literature. Among his publications it can found those that contain cites from Thought-Forms and Man Visible and Invisible. In 1908, Ginna painted a picture Neurasthenia that could be described as a piece of abstract art. In this painting, "he tried to portray a state of mind." Neurasthenia is the first thing of abstract painting, for it "preceded Kandinsky's first abstract water colour by two years." Illustrators In the esotericism researchers' opinion, illustrations to the book Thought-Forms, which were made by John Varley, Mr. Prince, and Miss Macfarlane, are "very reminiscent of much abstract and surrealistic painting" and "wouldn't look out of place hanging alongside early Malevich or Kandinsky abstractions." Nevertheless, authors of the book fully directed a working of the artists who embodied their ideas and their vision. Count (1849–1928) has painted illustrations to Leadbeater's book Man Visible and Invisible. Alfred Edward Warner (1879–1968) had in Sydney his own commercial art studio. In 1923, he became a member of the Australian Painter-Etcher's Society and was in its Council at 1923–1925. In 1923, he was also one of the founders of the Australian Ex Libris Society. For several years Warner successfully collaborated with Leadbeater, illustrating his books, in particular, The Science of the Sacraments. On his illustration The Completed Eucharistic Form "the thought-form takes a mosque-like appearance with minarets rising from the church to envelop and influence the surrounding countryside." In preface to his , Leadbeter wrote that the "fine series of drawings" to the book was made by Edward Warner. In 1937, painter Ethelwynne M. Quail has performed illustrations to the Theosophical book Kingdom of the Gods based upon Geoffrey Hodson's "researches, carried out between 1921 and 1929." The book author noted, "As she has painted them to my descriptions, she is responsible only for their execution, not for their composition, colouring or form." Controversy In 1947, Terence Harold Robsjohn-Gibbings (1905–1976), criticizing modern art, accused it of "vicious connection" with the occult. Robsjohn-Gibbings' criticism was so "successful that, for decades, supporters of abstract art religiously avoided mentioning the esoteric connections of its pioneers." Interest in Theosophy of such abstract art leaders as Mondrian and Kandinsky was used "as a weapon" against modern art in general "by evangelical Christians and other critics." The prejudgment against connection the sources of modern art with Theosophy still exists. For example, art history scholar Yve-Alain Bois claimed that "the Theosophical nonsense with which the artist's mind was momentarily encumbered" disappeared quite rapidly from Mondrian's art, but Mondrian himself wrote: "I got everything from The Secret Doctrine." The "Inventing Abstraction, 1910–1925" exhibition at the New York Museum of Modern Art in 2012–2013 "completely ignored" value of occultism and Theosophy. Art critic Waldemar Januszczak wrote on 7 February 2010: The fact is, Theosophy... is embarrassing. If there is one thing you do not want your hardcore modernist to be, it is a member of an occult cult... Theosophy takes art into Dan Brown territory. No serious student of art history wants to touch it. Januszczak claimed also that Theosophy was "fraudulent" and "ridiculous," and that "one day, someone will write a big book on the remarkable influence of Theosophy on modern art" and "its nonsensical spell" on so many modern artists. But, as Introvigne stated, "conferences, publications, and exhibitions about Theosophy's influence on modern art continue at an increasing pace." See also Philosophy of art Theosophy and literature Thought-Forms "What Are The Theosophists?" "What Is Theosophy?" Notes References Sources Academic publications Other publications In Russian Theosophical publications Further reading External links List of the Theosophical publications about Arts Abstract art Art history Theosophy Visual arts by religion

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelo%20Massarelli

Angelo Massarelli

Angelo Massarelli (1510–1566) was the Roman Catholic bishop of Bishop of Telese o Cerreto Sannita (1557–1566). He is best known for keeping the Acts of the Council of Trent, which were the minutes of the council, and published only 300 years after the council was held. References External links and additional sources (Chronology of Bishops) (Chronology of Bishops) 16th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops Bishops appointed by Pope Paul IV 1510 births 1566 deaths Bishops in Campania Participants in the Council of Trent

22996526

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan%20McDermott

Morgan McDermott

Morgan McDermott is an American author best known for his short stories. His short fiction collection, Owner's Manual, won the Ohio State University Prize in Short Fiction in 2006. His short fiction has also appeared in many prominent journals and magazines including The Nebraska Review, The Mississippi Review, The Bellingham Review, Dogwood, Phoebe, River City and New Millennium Writings. He has received awards for short fiction from the Illinois Arts Council, the Ruth Hindman Foundation and the Bridport Arts Centre. He won the Dana Award for the short story in 2002. McDermott is a graduate of the University of Iowa. He lives in suburban Chicago. McDermott now teaches 6th Grade ELA in Daniel Wright Junior High School. Some of his students call him McDemo. He sponsors the DWJHS Cricket Club. External links Short Story Tires at Random House References American short story writers Living people American male novelists American male short story writers Year of birth missing (living people)

56310286

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20Yousaf%20Shahwani

Muhammad Yousaf Shahwani

Muhammad Yousaf Shahwani is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, from May 2013 to May 2018. Early life and education He was born on 12 January 1971 in Quetta, and has a degree of Bachelor of Arts. Political career He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate for the Mutahida Quami Movement from Constituency PS-90 KARACHI-II in the 2013 Pakistani general election. References Living people Sindh MPAs 2013–2018 1971 births Muttahida Qaumi Movement politicians

25489675

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonner%20Larose

Bonner Larose

Charles Bonner Larose (February 14, 1901 in Ottawa, Ontario — January 23, 1963) was a Canadian ice hockey player who played six games in the National Hockey League with the Boston Bruins during the 1925–26 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1917 to 1928, was mainly spent in the Ottawa City Hockey League. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs External links 1901 births 1963 deaths Boston Bruins players Boston Tigers (CAHL) players Canadian ice hockey left wingers Central Hockey League (1925–1926) players Ice hockey people from Ontario Fort Pitt Panthers players New Haven Eagles players St. Paul Saints (AHA) players Sportspeople from Ottawa

20489096

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jophery%20Brown

Jophery Brown

Jophery Clifford Brown (January 22, 1945 – January 11, 2014), was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Chicago Cubs, as well as an award-winning stunt man and actor. Baseball career Brown, a Grambling State University product, was drafted three times by major league teams (including the Boston Red Sox and Pittsburgh Pirates) before finally signing with the Cubs on June 20, 1966. He made his only major league appearance on September 21, 1968 against Pittsburgh at Forbes Field. Brown relieved Bobby Tiefenauer, who had in turn relieved the Cubs' starter that day, Joe Niekro. He allowed one run in two innings of work, memorably retiring opposing pitcher Dock Ellis on a line drive back to the mound for the final out of his debut. Brown was removed for pinch-hitter Clarence Jones in the next inning. He would never pitch in the majors again. Acting career Brown's first television role was uncredited as a police officer on a 1964 episode of Arrest and Trial, titled "The Black Flower." He first worked as a stunt man the next year on episodes of I Spy. Brown also played an uncredited role as a reporter on a 1965 I Spy episode, "So Long, Patrick Henry." His next work in Hollywood didn't come until 1973 in Coffy, when Brown played uncredited roles as both a party guest and a stunt man. That began a 35-year career during which he acted in 35 films and did stunts in 115. Brown worked in as many as seven movies in a year. Recognition came in the form of a World Stunt Award for Best Work with a Vehicle. He shared the award with nine others for a car-chase scene in Bad Boys II. Brown also was nominated with six others for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture in "Wanted". That 2008 film was the last in which he worked. Other career highlights included working as a stunt double for Morgan Freeman in three films: Along Came a Spider (2001), The Sum of All Fears (2002) and Dreamcatcher (2003). Brown was the stunt coordinator on seven motion pictures: The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings (1975), Scarface (1983), Action Jackson and Miracle at Beekman's Place (1988), Graffiti Bridge (1990), House Party 3 (1994), Sudden Death (1995), Sometimes They Come Back... Again (1996) and The Relic (1997). He also played the gatekeeper in Jurassic Park. His baseball background was helpful for Bingo Long, in which he worked both as stunt coordinator and in the role of All-Stars third baseman Emory "Champ" Chambers. Brown's last acting role was an uncredited part as a chef in Spider-Man (2002). Death Jophery Brown died on January 11, 2014 at the age of 68 just 11 days short of his 69th birthday from complications related to a cancer treatment. Filmography References External links SABR Biography Project 1945 births 2014 deaths African-American baseball players Baseball players from Louisiana Chicago Cubs players Grambling State Tigers baseball players Sportspeople from Grambling, Louisiana Major League Baseball pitchers 20th-century African-American sportspeople 21st-century African-American people

16425

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justus

Justus

Justus (died on 10 November between 627 and 631) was the fourth Archbishop of Canterbury. He was sent from Italy to England by Pope Gregory the Great, on a mission to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism, probably arriving with the second group of missionaries despatched in 601. Justus became the first Bishop of Rochester in 604, and attended a church council in Paris in 614. Following the death of King Æthelberht of Kent in 616, Justus was forced to flee to Gaul, but was reinstated in his diocese the following year. In 624 Justus became Archbishop of Canterbury, overseeing the despatch of missionaries to Northumbria. After his death he was revered as a saint, and had a shrine in St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury. Arrival in Britain Justus was a member of the Gregorian mission sent to England by Pope Gregory I. Almost everything known about Justus and his career is derived from the early 8th-century Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum of Bede. As Bede does not describe Justus' origins, nothing is known about him prior to his arrival in England. He probably arrived in England with the second group of missionaries, sent at the request of Augustine of Canterbury in 601. Some modern writers describe Justus as one of the original missionaries who arrived with Augustine in 597, but Bede believed that Justus came in the second group. The second group included Mellitus, who later became Bishop of London and Archbishop of Canterbury. If Justus was a member of the second group of missionaries, then he arrived with a gift of books and "all things which were needed for worship and the ministry of the Church". A 15th-century Canterbury chronicler, Thomas of Elmham, claimed that there were a number of books brought to England by that second group still at Canterbury in his day, although he did not identify them. An investigation of extant Canterbury manuscripts shows that one possible survivor is the St. Augustine Gospels, now in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, Manuscript (MS) 286. Bishop of Rochester Augustine consecrated Justus as a bishop in 604, over a province including the Kentish town of Rochester. The historian Nicholas Brooks argues that the choice of Rochester was probably not because it had been a Roman-era bishopric, but rather because of its importance in the politics of the time. Although the town was small, with just one street, it was at the junction of Watling Street and the estuary of the Medway, and was thus a fortified town. Because Justus was probably not a monk (he was not called that by Bede), his cathedral clergy was very likely non-monastic too. A charter purporting to be from King Æthelberht, dated 28 April 604, survives in the Textus Roffensis, as well as a copy based on the Textus in the 14th-century Liber Temporalium. Written mostly in Latin but using an Old English boundary clause, the charter records a grant of land near the city of Rochester to Justus' church. Among the witnesses is Laurence, Augustine's future successor, but not Augustine himself. The text turns to two different addressees. First, Æthelberht is made to admonish his son Eadbald, who had been established as a sub-ruler in the region of Rochester. The grant itself is addressed directly to Saint Andrew, the patron saint of the church, a usage parallelled by other charters in the same archive. Historian Wilhelm Levison, writing in 1946, was sceptical about the authenticity of this charter. In particular, he felt that the two separate addresses were incongruous and suggested that the first address, occurring before the preamble, may have been inserted by someone familiar with Bede to echo Eadbald's future conversion (see below). A more recent and more positive appraisal by John Morris argues that the charter and its witness list are authentic because it incorporates titles and phraseology that had fallen out of use by 800. Æthelberht built Justus a cathedral church in Rochester; the foundations of a nave and chancel partly underneath the present-day Rochester Cathedral may date from that time. What remains of the foundations of an early rectangular building near the southern part of the current cathedral might also be contemporary with Justus or may be part of a Roman building. Together with Mellitus, the Bishop of London, Justus signed a letter written by Archbishop Laurence of Canterbury to the Irish bishops urging the native church to adopt the Roman method of calculating the date of Easter. This letter also mentioned the fact that Irish missionaries, such as Dagan, had refused to share meals with the missionaries. Although the letter has not survived, Bede quoted from parts of it. In 614, Justus attended the Council of Paris, held by the Frankish king, Chlothar II. It is unclear why Justus and Peter, the abbot of Sts Peter and Paul in Canterbury, were present. It may have been just chance, but historian James Campbell has suggested that Chlothar summoned clergy from Britain to attend in an attempt to assert overlordship over Kent. The historian N. J. Higham offers another explanation for their attendance, arguing that Æthelberht sent the pair to the council because of shifts in Frankish policy towards the Kentish kingdom, which threatened Kentish independence, and that the two clergymen were sent to negotiate a compromise with Chlothar. A pagan backlash against Christianity followed Æthelberht's death in 616, forcing Justus and Mellitus to flee to Gaul. The pair probably took refuge with Chlothar, hoping that the Frankish king would intervene and restore them to their sees, and by 617 Justus had been reinstalled in his bishopric by the new king. Mellitus also returned to England, but the prevailing pagan mood did not allow him to return to London; after Laurence's death, Mellitus became Archbishop of Canterbury. According to Bede, Justus received letters of encouragement from Pope Boniface V (619–625), as did Mellitus, although Bede does not record the actual letters. The historian J. M. Wallace-Hadrill assumes that both letters were general statements of encouragement to the missionaries. Archbishop Justus became Archbishop of Canterbury in 624, receiving his pallium—the symbol of the jurisdiction entrusted to archbishops—from Pope Boniface V, following which Justus consecrated Romanus as his successor at Rochester. Boniface also gave Justus a letter congratulating him on the conversion of King "Aduluald" (probably King Eadbald of Kent), a letter which is included in Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum. Bede's account of Eadbald's conversion states that it was Laurence, Justus' predecessor at Canterbury, who converted the King to Christianity, but the historian D. P. Kirby argues that the letter's reference to Eadbald makes it likely that it was Justus. Other historians, including Barbara Yorke and Henry Mayr-Harting, conclude that Bede's account is correct, and that Eadbald was converted by Laurence. Yorke argues that there were two kings of Kent during Eadbald's reign, Eadbald and Æthelwald, and that Æthelwald was the "Aduluald" referred to by Boniface. Yorke argues that Justus converted Æthelwald back to Christianity after Æthelberht's death. Justus consecrated Paulinus as the first Bishop of York, before the latter accompanied Æthelburg of Kent to Northumbria for her marriage to King Edwin of Northumbria. Bede records Justus as having died on 10 November, but does not give a year, although it is likely to have between 627 and 631. After his death, Justus was regarded as a saint, and was given a feast day of 10 November. The ninth century Stowe Missal commemorates his feast day, along with Mellitus and Laurence. In the 1090s, his remains were translated, or ritually moved, to a shrine beside the high altar of St Augustine's Abbey in Canterbury. At about the same time, a Life was written about him by Goscelin of Saint-Bertin, as well as a poem by Reginald of Canterbury. Other material from Thomas of Elmham, Gervase of Canterbury, and William of Malmesbury, later medieval chroniclers, adds little to Bede's account of Justus' life. See also List of members of the Gregorian mission Notes Citations References External links 7th-century archbishops 7th-century Christian saints 7th-century deaths Archbishops of Canterbury Bishops of Rochester Gregorian mission Kentish saints Clergy from Rome Year of birth unknown 7th-century English clergy

39301672

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch%20of%20Craiglush

Loch of Craiglush

Loch of Craiglush is a freshwater loch, located around north-east of Dunkeld in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. The loch is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), as well as forming part of a Special Area of Conservation. Fishing Loch of Craiglush, Loch of the Lowes, Loch of Butterstone, Loch of Clunie, Loch of Drumellie, Loch Rae, Fingask Loch, Loch White and Loch Black and the Stormont Loch form a series of lochs all draining into the Lunan Burn, which flows into the River Isla before its junction with the River Tay. All these rivers contain pike and perch and trout are taken in Lochs Craiglush, Lowes and Butterstone. References Craiglush Protected areas of Perth and Kinross Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Scotland Special Areas of Conservation in Scotland Tay catchment

7015719

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalva%20Natelashvili

Shalva Natelashvili

Shalva Natelashvili (born 17 February 1958) is a Georgian politician, a founder of the Georgian Labour Party and its chair since 1995. He is a president of the International Geopolitical Center. Early life and career Natelashvili was born in the town of Pasanauri, in the northern mountainous part of Georgia. He graduated from Tbilisi State University faculty of law, in 1981 and pursued his post-graduate degree at Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, majoring in international law. In 1981, he started his career at the General Prosecutor's Office of Georgia as an investigator and was promoted to the position of Prosecutor and later to Head of Department for International Relations. In 2004, he studied in the Leadership Program by the US State Department. Natelashvili is an honorary envoy of the state of Louisiana, a member of the International Association of Lawyers, a member of Academy of National and Social Sciences, a member of Association of International Law and has been granted a title of peace ambassador. Early political career Natelashvili started his political career in 1992 when he won a landslide victory in the parliamentary elections and became a majoritarian MP for the Dusheti region. He was then elected Head of Committee for Legal Affairs and chaired the Parliamentary Committee for First Constitution of Georgia. He is an author of the laws about citizenship, gun laws, the legal status of people without citizenship, parliamentary commissions and committees, parliamentary factions and political parties, the legal status of foreign citizens, and immigration and migration. Natelashvili also led the procedures to ensure that Georgia was integrated with international treaties of human rights. In 1995, Natelashvili established the first political entity, the Georgian Labour Party (GLP). Since its inception the GLP turned into an influential political force in the country. It won a series of court trials, which resulted in the legalization of free secondary school nationwide, the reduction of electricity tariff for three years and won many other legal battles, which improved social conditions of the Georgian population. GLP has never joined any other political blocs or alliances and always runs for parliament independently. However, the GLP is currently supporting the creation of a coalition government in Georgia. Elections In 1995, Natelashvili won another landslide victory in the first round of the elections. He was a member of parliamentary bureau and collegium, chairman of the Elector's faction and Labour Party's faction in parliament. He also served as the co-chair of the parliamentary coalition United Georgia. In 1998, the GLP garnered 17 percent of the votes and ended up second in the parliamentary elections where 40 percent of the Georgian population participated. However, the GLP was not allowed to use its parliamentary mandate, even though the OSCE had confirmed that the GLP won the elections. In 1998, the GLP won 20 percent of the votes in the local self-government elections, and it received 26 percent of the votes municipal elections four years later in 2002. The GLP achieved big success in the parliamentary elections of 2002 where Natelashvili's party won the majority seats in Tbilisi City Assembly (Tbilisi Sakrebulo), receiving 26%. In 2003, Natelashvili and the Georgian Labour Party acquired seats in Parliament with 12.5% of votes. Nonetheless, the party was not allowed to use its mandate, as an authorized institution illegally dissolved the parliament in the aftermath of the Rose Revolution. The rerun of the elections in 2004 was fraudulent, which left the party without the mandates. The European Court of Human Rights recognized the Georgian Labour Party and Natelashvili as the victim of the falsified elections in its decision dated 8 July 2008. As a result of violence and vote rigging in the presidential elections of 5 January 2008, the Central Election Commission of Georgia declared that Natelashvili only gathered 6.5 per cent of the votes. The Georgian Labour Party cleared the election threshold in the parliamentary elections of 2008 and won the mandates in the parliament, despite the large-scale election fraud. Nonetheless, the Georgian Labour Party decided to boycott the parliamentary sessions in protest of the ballot fraud. Controversies In November 2007, Natelashvili led the anti-governmental protest rallies and the demonstrations were forcefully dissolved. Natelashvili's house and the party were raided by special forces and searched. The party leader had to flee for several days while the prosecutor's office accused Natelashvili of state treason and organizing mass unrest. The government revoked all its allegations after the international community and the US ambassador to Georgia John F. Tefft intervened and cancelled the arrest warrant. On 1 October 2012, Georgian billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili's party, the Georgian Dream, took power in Tbilisi and the attacks and pressure on the Georgian Labour Party mounted. The political repercussions are thought by some to be steered by Bidzina Ivanishvili, who accused Natelashvili of having a clandestine alliance with former president of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili. Natelashvili has allegedly survived several assassination attempts, including a blast at the Georgian Labour Party's head office, which killed party activist Nino Giorgobiani. Walls, window glasses and ceiling are ruined, and one of the guards was injured. In addition, four people, including one child, were hurt and taken to the hospital. The government of Georgia blamed the explosion on the Russian special services. Personal life Natelashvili is married to Bela Alania (a lawyer and a writer) and has a son Beka Natelashvili and a daughter Darejan Natelashvili. Natelashili is often seen in the Russian-Georgian conflict zones where he organizes rallies to protest against illegal construction of borders and fences on the territory of Georgia by the Russian armed forces. References External links Georgian Labour Party - Official Web-Page International Geopolitical Center - Official Web-Page Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation alumni 1958 births Living people Georgian Labour Party politicians Tbilisi State University alumni People from Mtskheta-Mtianeti

63916235

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election

1972 New Hampshire gubernatorial election

The 1972 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1972. Incumbent Republican Governor Walter R. Peterson Jr. was defeated for renomination in the Republican primary. Republican nominee Meldrim Thomson Jr. defeated Democratic nominee Roger J. Crowley with 41.38% of the vote. Primary elections Primary elections were held on September 12, 1972. Democratic primary Candidates Carmen C. Chimento Roger J. Crowley, Democratic nominee for Governor in 1970 Robert E. Raiche, State Representative Results Republican primary Candidates Elmer E. Bussey, perennial candidate Lucien R. Doucet James Koromilas, State Senator Walter R. Peterson Jr., incumbent Governor Meldrim Thomson Jr., American Independent Party candidate for Governor in 1970 Results General election Candidates Robert J. Crowley, Democratic Malcolm McLane, Independent, Mayor of Concord Meldrim Thomson Jr., Republican Results References Bibliography 1972 New Hampshire Gubernatorial November 1972 events in the United States

14707369

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Spanish%20films%20of%202003

List of Spanish films of 2003

A list of Spanish-produced and co-produced feature films released in Spain in 2003. The domestic theatrical release date is favoured. Films Box office The five highest-grossing Spanish films in 2003, by domestic box office gross revenue, are as follows: See also 18th Goya Awards References External links Spanish films of 2003 at the Internet Movie Database 2003 Lists of 2003 films by country or language Films

2307679

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive%20examination

Comprehensive examination

In higher education, a comprehensive examination (or comprehensive exam or exams), often abbreviated as "comps", is a specific type of examination that must be completed by graduate students in some disciplines and courses of study, and also by undergraduate students in some institutions and departments. Unlike final examinations, comprehensive examinations are not linked to any particular course, but rather test knowledge across one or more general fields of study. Graduate-level comprehensive examinations are sometimes also known as preliminary examinations ("prelims"), general examinations ("generals"), qualifying examinations ("quals"), or as major field examinations. If these examinations are held orally, they may be known colloquially as "orals". The comps most commonly come after the student has completed required coursework and before starting on the dissertation; successful passage of the comps is sometimes required for a student to be considered a "Ph.D. candidate". The form and general requirements for the comprehensive exam vary according to the faculty or department, degree sought, university, and country, but typically tests knowledge of the student's subject area and two or more related areas, and may be used to determine a candidate's eligibility to continue his or her course of study. At the graduate level, the purpose of the comprehensive exam is to ensure the student is familiar enough with her area of research to make original contributions. There is no standard definition for what such exams entail, with some universities having almost no exam, whilst at other universities the process is quite rigorous. The exams thus take a number of forms, including an informal meeting of just a few hours, a critical review of one's academic portfolio, the submission of an academic paper which may take several hours or months to write, or a series of proctored exams taking anywhere from a few hours to a week. The comprehensive examination system is used primarily in US and Canadian higher education, but it has also been adopted by some programs in other countries such as Pakistan and India. Other countries use alternative forms of evaluating Ph.D. candidates: in the United Kingdom, for example, students typically must first enroll in an M.Phil. program and are then admitted to doctoral study only upon successfully defending their research proposal. Undergraduate Some colleges or universities in the United States require undergraduate students to pass comprehensive examinations in order to receive their degree. These include Wabash College, Kenyon College, Bethany College, The Catholic University of America, The University of Iowa, Maryville College, Occidental College, Reed College, The University of the South, Eckerd College, Millsaps College, Earlham College, Hanover College, Rosemont College, St. Anselm College, Shimer College, Whitman College, and University of Dallas. Many degree programs require students to pass comprehensive examinations within colleges or universities that don't otherwise require them. The same is true for many schools and colleges within larger universities. These include Texas A&M-Commerce Honors College, The University of Virginia's Politics Honors Program, and the University of Alabama at Birmingham's Mass Communications program. Graduate Master's In some terminal non-thesis Master's programs, successful completion of a comprehensive examination, conducted online or through the university's testing center, is a requirement for graduation during a student's last semester of coursework. A prominent example of such is the Major Field Test for Master of Business Administration (MFT-MBA) which has been used in the MBA programs of over 300 U.S. universities. A comprehensive exam may also be required for a master's degree earned on the way to the completion of a doctoral program. In such cases, students might take an oral exam and/or field exam in order to both earn a Master's in their field and advance to the status of doctoral or PhD candidate. Typically, one exam will question the student on theory while the other will show competency or expertise in their chosen subfield (or major field) within their program. This also allows students enrolled in the program who do not wish to continue to the completion of a doctoral degree to leave early and in good standing with a Master's. Doctoral In most doctoral programs, students must take a series of written cumulative examinations on the subject of their study in the first year or two of the PhD program. These cumulative exams are often given on a pass/fail basis and a graduate student who seeks to continue in the PhD program must pass a minimum number of these cumulative exams. After this minimum number of cumulative exams is passed, this degree requirement is considered to be met, and the PhD student no longer takes these exams but continues work on other PhD requirements. In some fields, such as history, the student must pass the comprehensive examinations before submitting a dissertation proposal. Typically, comprehensive exams consist of either a written or an oral exam, but some programs require both. In others, a written exam is taken, and depending on the grade, the student may or may not have to continue with an oral exam. In some fields, the level of detailed knowledge required is relatively limited, while in others such as economics the level of detail is similar to a final exam. Comprehensive examinations are often based on a reading list agreed upon by the student and his or her committee, which is staffed by the primary supervisor and several advisors, normally professors at the university, but not necessarily in the same faculty. They also frequently have a standardized component for all students in the discipline, or may be entirely standardized. This reading list may comprise dozens or hundreds of books and other works. For some social science and many humanities disciplines, graduate students might not have studied the discipline at the undergraduate level. These examinations will be the first set of comprehensive exams, and be based either on graduate coursework or on specific preparatory reading (sometimes up to a year's work in reading). Preparing for comprehensive exams is normally both stressful and time consuming. Passing them allows the student to stay, begin doctoral research, and rise to the status of a doctoral candidate. Failing usually results in the student leaving the program or re-taking the test after some time has passed. A second failure normally guarantees dismissal from the graduate program, though progress on previous attempts may convince the student's program to grant a third, final attempt. Some schools have an intermediate category, passing at the master's level, which does not permit the student to continue doctoral study, but does allow the student to leave with a master's degree despite not having completed a thesis. In some U.S. graduate programs, particularly in the natural sciences, the majority of students do not have master's degrees when they begin doctoral work, and the successful students will earn doctorates without getting master's degrees on the way. In these programs, a student who does not pass "comps" or "prelims" on the second attempt will generally be allowed to earn a terminal master's degree but is not permitted to become a candidate for a doctoral degree. At some institutions, students who pass the exam and are formally accepted as PhD candidates are technically entitled to a Master of Arts or Master of Sciences degree, but submitting an application is required, so no master's degree will be awarded unless the student specifically requests it. Other institutions issue an All But Dissertation certificate after a student has passed the comprehensive exams. PhD students at some Canadian universities must complete their comprehensive exams by the end of their second year; those who fail to pass with a sufficiently high mark may retake the examination usually only once. Failure to pass a second time will normally result in expulsion from the program. Students who pass are distinguished with the title "PhD candidate." See also Final examination Educational assessment Oral exam References Works cited Academia Examinations

51042241

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamara%20Sala%C5%A1ki

Tamara Salaški

Tamara Salaški (; born 16 October 1988) is a Serbian sprinter. She competed in the 400 metres at the 2016 European Athletics Championships. She competed for Serbia at the 2016 Rio Olympics with a 52.70 result. She ran third for the qualification. Her personal best is 51.89. References External links 1988 births Living people Serbian female sprinters Place of birth missing (living people) Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes of Serbia Olympic female sprinters

16407807

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reitsum

Reitsum

Reitsum is a village in Noardeast-Fryslân municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 133 in January 2017. Before 2019, the village was part of the Ferwerderadiel municipality. References External links Noardeast-Fryslân Populated places in Friesland

42711868

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Johnson

Bad Johnson

Bad Johnson is a 2014 American sex comedy film directed by Huck Botko. Plot Rich is a sex addict who ruins every relationship through infidelity. He wishes that his penis would leave him alone. He wakes up one day to find his penis has taken on human form. Cast Cam Gigandet as Rich Johnson Nick Thune as Rich's Penis Katherine Cunningham as Lindsay Young Kevin Miller as Josh Nelson Jamie Chung as Jamie Reception The film holds a 29% on Rotten Tomatoes. References External links 2010s fantasy-comedy films 2014 romantic comedy films 2010s sex comedy films 2014 films American fantasy-comedy films American films American romantic comedy films American sex comedy films 2010s English-language films Films about sex addiction Films set in Chicago Films shot in Chicago

50636986

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC%20Vietnam%202017

APEC Vietnam 2017

APEC Vietnam 2017 (Vietnamese: APEC Việt Nam 2017) was the year-long hosting of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings in Vietnam, which culminated with the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Đà Nẵng, hosted at InterContinental Danang Sun Peninsula Resort. It marked the second time Vietnam played host to the APEC, having hosted the event previously in 2006. Branding The Vietnamese Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the National Committee for APEC 2017 through the Agency for Fine Arts, Photography and Exhibition organized a logo design contest for the APEC Vietnam 2017 summit. The contest ran from March to April 4, 2016 and was open to both amateur and professional Vietnamese artists. The organizers of the logo design contests required the entries to feature the phrase "APEC Vietnam 2017", highlight Vietnamese culture, as well as to represent the five components of the 2017 summit which are dynamism, creativity, action, unity, and movement to the future. 234 submissions from 92 candidates residing in 20 provinces and cities across Vietnam for the competition were received by the ministry. The winning logo design was announced in January 2017. The selected design was conceptualized by a group working for Mark&B Vietnam, a branding agency. The winning logo depicts stylised images of paddles and Lạc birds, a common motif on drums of the ancient Đông Sơn culture. The placement of the elements suggest a circular movement which is meant to represent a "dynamic APEC". Preparation A Round Table Meeting with the theme, "Stronger Joint Action for APEC's Shared Vision", was held in Hanoi on December 17, 2015 by the Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs to discuss preparation efforts for the 2017 APEC Summit. The People's Committee of Đà Nẵng, the host city of the Economic Leader's Meeting, approved a project to upgrade major roads in the city for the occasion. The project covered 34 streets in the city, with an estimated cost of around ₫243 billion or US$10.9 million. The Da Nang International Airport was also scheduled for completion in March. During the 4th National Committee for APEC 2017 on April 13, 2016 in Hanoi, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam Pham Binh Minh directed ministries and agencies to coordinate with other APEC member states especially Peru and Papua New Guinea, the hosts of the 2016 and 2018 summits respectively. Events Economic Leaders' Meeting Attendees This was the first APEC meeting for United States President Donald Trump, South Korean President Moon Jae-in, Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam, and New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, since their inaugurations on 20 January 2017, 10 May 2017, 1 July 2017 and 26 October 2017, respectively. It was also the last APEC meeting for Chilean President Michelle Bachelet, Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak, Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto, and for the host, Vietnamese President Trần Đại Quang, following the 2017 Chilean general election, Kuczynski's resignation, the 2018 Malaysian general election, the 2018 Australian leadership spill, the 2018 Mexican general election and Trần's death, respectively. References External links 2017 2017 in economics Economy of Vietnam Diplomatic conferences in Vietnam 21st-century diplomatic conferences 2017 in international relations 2017 conferences 2017 in Vietnam November 2017 events in Asia History of Da Nang

62995944

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20South%20East%20Asian%20Junior%20and%20Cadet%20Table%20Tennis%20Championships

2014 South East Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships

The 20th South East Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships 2014 were held in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. Medal summary Events Medal table See also 2014 World Junior Table Tennis Championships 2014 Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships Asian Table Tennis Union References South East Asian Table Tennis Championships South East Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships South East Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships South East Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships Table tennis in Brunei International sports competitions hosted by Brunei South East Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships

13802452

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McShane%20Bell%20Foundry

McShane Bell Foundry

The McShane Bell Foundry, located in St. Louis, Missouri, is a maker of church bells founded in 1856. Over the past 150 years, the firm has produced over 300,000 bells. In 2019, the company moved its headquarters from Glen Burnie, near Baltimore, Maryland to St. Louis Missouri, as it centralized its manufacturing and shipping. History Henry McShane established the McShane Bell Foundry in Baltimore, Maryland at Holliday and Centre Streets in 1856. By the late 19th century, the business had produced tens of thousands of bells and chimes shipping them out to churches and public buildings and expanded to a large factory complex on Guilford Avenue (then known as North Street). In 1935, the Henry McShane Manufacturing Company sold the foundry to William Parker whose family continue to operate the business up through the present. The McShane Bell Foundry moved to Glen Burnie, Maryland in 1979 and remains the only large Western-style bell maker in the United States. Over the past 150 years, the firm has produced over 300,000 bells for cathedrals, churches, municipal buildings and schools in communities around the world - including the 7,000-pound bell that hangs in the dome of Baltimore's City Hall. It was featured on an episode of the Discovery Channel's Dirty Jobs. References External links McShane Bell Foundry website Index of chimes made by the McShane Bell Foundry The McShane bell foundry (1900), company catalog Bell foundries of the United States Manufacturing companies based in St. Louis Companies based in Anne Arundel County, Maryland Glen Burnie, Maryland 1856 establishments in Maryland

179773

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiga%20Prefecture

Shiga Prefecture

is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Shiga Prefecture has a population of 1,412,916 (1 October 2015) and has a geographic area of . Shiga Prefecture borders Fukui Prefecture to the north, Gifu Prefecture to the northeast, Mie Prefecture to the southeast, and Kyoto Prefecture to the west. Ōtsu is the capital and largest city of Shiga Prefecture, with other major cities including Kusatsu, Nagahama, and Higashiōmi. Shiga Prefecture encircles Lake Biwa, the largest freshwater lake in Japan, and 37% of the total land area is designated as Natural Parks, the highest of any prefecture. Shiga Prefecture's southern half is located adjacent to the former capital city of Kyoto and forms part of Greater Kyoto, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Japan. Shiga Prefecture is home to Ōmi beef, the Eight Views of Ōmi, and Hikone Castle, one of four national treasure castles in Japan. History Shiga was known as Ōmi Province or Gōshū before the prefectural system was established. Omi was a neighbor of Nara and Kyoto, at the junction of western and eastern Japan. During the period 667 to 672, Emperor Tenji founded a palace in Otsu. In 742, Emperor Shōmu founded a palace in Shigaraki. In the early Heian period, Saichō was born in the north of Otsu and founded Enryaku-ji, the center of Tendai and one a UNESCO World Heritage Site and monument of Ancient Kyoto now. In the Medieval Period, the Sasaki clan ruled Omi, and afterward the Rokkaku clan, Kyōgoku clan and Azai clans ruled Omi. In the 1570s, Oda Nobunaga subjugated Omi and built Azuchi Castle on the eastern shores of Lake Biwa in 1579. Tōdō Takatora, Gamō Ujisato, Oichi, Yodo-dono, Ohatsu and Oeyo were Omi notables in the Sengoku period. In those times, Ninja were active in Kōka (See also Kōga-ryū). In 1600, Ishida Mitsunari, born in the east of Nagahama and based in Sawayama Castle, made war against Tokugawa Ieyasu in Sekigahara, Gifu. After the battle, Ieyasu made Ii Naomasa a new lord of Sawayama. Naomasa established the Hikone Domain, later famous for Ii Naosuke. Ii Naosuke became the Tokugawa shogunate's Tairō and concluded commercial treaties with the Western powers and thus ended Japan's isolation from the world in the 19th century. Besides the Hikone Domain, many domains ruled Omi such as Zeze. With the abolition of the han system, eight prefectures were formed in Omi. They were unified into Shiga Prefecture in September 1872. "Shiga Prefecture" was named after "Shiga District" because Otsu belonged to the district until 1898. From August 1876 to February 1881, southern Fukui Prefecture had been incorporated into Shiga Prefecture. In 2015, Shiga Governor Taizō Mikazuki conducted a survey asking citizens whether they felt it necessary to change the name of the prefecture, partly to raise its profile as a destination for domestic tourism. Geography Shiga borders Fukui Prefecture in the north, Gifu Prefecture in the east, Mie Prefecture in the southeast, and Kyoto Prefecture in the west. Lake Biwa, Japan's largest, is located at the center of this prefecture. It occupies one-sixth of its area. The Seta River flows from Lake Biwa to Osaka Bay through Kyoto. This is the only natural river that flows out from the lake. Most other natural rivers flow into the lake. There were many lagoons around Lake Biwa, but most of them were reclaimed in 1940s. One of the preserved lagoons is the in Omihachiman, and it was selected as the first Important Cultural Landscapes in 2006. The lake divides the prefecture into four different areas: Kohoku (湖北, north of lake) centered Nagahama, Kosei (湖西, west of lake) centered Imazu, Kotō (湖東, east of lake) centered Hikone and Konan (湖南, south of lake) centered Otsu. Plains stretch to the eastern shore of Lake Biwa. The prefecture is enclosed by mountain ranges with the Hira Mountains and Mount Hiei in the west, the Ibuki Mountains in the northeast, and the Suzuka Mountains in the southeast. Mount Ibuki is the highest mountain in Shiga. In Yogo, a small lake is famous for the legend of , which is similar to a western Swan maiden. Shiga's climate sharply varies between north and south. Southern Shiga is usually warm, but northern Shiga is typically cold with high snowfall and hosts many skiing grounds. In Nakanokawachi, the northernmost village of Shiga, snow reached a depth of in 1936. As of 1 April 2014, 37% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks (the highest total of any prefecture), namely the Biwako and Suzuka Quasi-National Parks; and Kotō, Kutsuki-Katsuragawa, and Mikami-Tanakami-Shigaraki Prefectural Natural Parks. Municipalities Cities Thirteen cities are located in Shiga Prefecture: Towns These are the towns in each district: Mergers Politics The current governor of Shiga is Taizō Mikazuki, a former member of the House of Representatives from Shiga (DPJ, 3rd district), who was narrowly elected in July 2014 with center-left support against ex-METI-bureaucrat Takashi Koyari (supported by the center-right national-level ruling parties) to succeed governor Yukiko Kada. In June 2018, he was overwhelmingly reelected to a second term against only one, Communist challenger. The prefectural assembly has 44 members from 16 electoral districts, and is still elected in unified local elections (last round: 2019). As of July 2019, the assembly was composed by caucus as follows: LDP 20 members, Team Shiga (CDP, DPP, former Kada supporters etc.) 14, JCP 4, Sazanami Club (of independents) 3, Kōmeitō 2, "independent"/non-attached 1. In the National Diet, Shiga is represented by four directly elected members of the House of Representatives and two (one per ordinary election) of the House of Councillors. For the proportional representation segment of the lower house, the prefecture forms part of the Kinki block. After the national elections of 2016, 2017 and 2019, the directly elected delegation to the Diet from Shiga consists of (as of August 1, 2019): in the House of Representatives for the 1st district in the west: Toshitaka Ōoka, LDP, 3rd term, for the 2nd district in the northeast: Ken'ichirō Ueno, LDP, 4th term, for the 3rd district on the southern shores of Lake Biwa: Nobuhide Takemura, LDP, 3rd term, for the 4th district in the southeast: Hiroo Kotera, LDP, 1st term, in the House of Councillors (Shiga At-large district) in the class of 2016 (term ends 2022): Takashi Koyari, LDP, 1st term, in the class of 2019 (term ends 2025): Yukiko Kada, independent sitting with the Hekisuikai caucus, 1st term. Economy Cultivated areas occupy nearly one-sixth of the prefecture. Rice is the principal crop: over 90 percent of the farmlands are rice fields. Most farms are small, producing only a slight income. Most farmers depend on income from other sources. Eastern Shiga is famous for cattle breeding and southeastern Shiga is famous for green tea. On Lake Biwa, some people are engaged in fishery and freshwater pearl farming. Since the Medieval Period, especially in Edo period, many Shiga people were active in commerce and were called , sometimes by other envious merchants. For example, Nippon Life, Itochu, Marubeni, Takashimaya, Wacoal and Yanmar were founded by people from Shiga. In their home towns such as Omihachiman, Hino, Gokashō and Toyosato, their mansions were preserved as tourist attractions. Beginning in the 1960s, Shiga developed industry, supporting major factories owned by companies such as IBM Japan, Canon, Yanmar Diesel, Mitsubishi, and Toray. According to Cabinet Office's statistics in 2014, the Manufacturing sector accounted for 35.4% of Gross Shiga Product, the highest proportion in Japan. Traditional industries include textiles, Shigaraki ware, Butsudan in Hikone and Nagahama, medicines in Koka, and fan ribs in Adogawa. Demographics The population is concentrated along the southern shore of Lake Biwa in Otsu city (adjacent to Kyoto) and along the lake's eastern shore in cities such as Kusatsu and Moriyama, which are within commuting distance to Kyoto. The lake's western and northern shores are more rural and resort-oriented with white sand beaches. In recent years, many Brazilians settled in Shiga to work in nearby factories. 25,040 foreigners live in Shiga and 30% of foreigners were Brazilians as of December 2016. Culture Biwa Town (now a part of Nagahama) is a home of The Tonda Traditional Bunraku Puppet Troupe. Founded in the 1830s, the group is one of the most active traditional Bunraku puppet theaters in Japan outside the National Theater in Osaka. Toyosato and Higashiomi are known to a mecca of Goshu ondo. Museums include the Sagawa Art Museum in Moriyama, the Lake Biwa Museum in Kusatsu and the Miho Museum in Kōka. In Kōka, a ninja house is preserved as a visitor center. Cuisine Since ancient times, Shigans have eaten fish from Lake Biwa. The most famous lake-food is . It retains the ancient style of sushi and has a pungent odor. Shiga is also famous for high quality wagyū, Ōmi beef. The Hikone Domain presented beef as medicinal food to shōguns. In addition, tsukemono of root crops, in northern Shiga, in Omihachiman, in Nagahama, and lightly seasoned champon in Hikone are examples of specific cuisine in Shiga. Mass media Biwako Broadcasting broadcasts local TV programs. NHK has a broadcasting station in Otsu. Shiga is the only prefecture which has no regional newspapers. Kyoto Shimbun is a de facto regional newspaper of Shiga. Education Ten universities, two junior colleges, and a learning center of The Open University of Japan operate in Shiga. Shiga University (Hikone and Otsu) Shiga University of Medical Science (Otsu) University of Shiga Prefecture (Hikone) Seian University of Art and Design (Otsu) Seisen University (Hikone) Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology (Nagahama) Biwako-Gakuin University (Higashiomi) Biwako Seikei Sport College (Otsu) Ritsumeikan University (Kyoto and Kusatsu) Ryukoku University (Kyoto and Otsu) Shiga Junior College (Otsu) Shiga Bunkyo Junior College (Nagahama) Sports The following sports teams are based in Shiga. Basketball: Shiga LakeStars Volleyball: Toray Arrows (women's volleyball team) (Otsu) Football (soccer): MIO Biwako Kusatsu (Kusatsu), Sagawa Shiga F.C. (Moriyama). Tennis: SHRIGGA AKA UVEAL Tourism Shiga has many tourism resources, but Shiga is overshadowed by its much more famous neighbor Kyoto. Over four million foreign tourists visited Japan in 2000, but only sixty-five thousand visited Shiga. The main gateways to Shiga are the Maibara Station in northern Shiga and the city of Ōtsu in the south. The Maibara Station is about 2 hours and 20 minutes away from the Tokyo Station by the Tokaido Shinkansen. It is easy to go to Ōtsu from Kyoto and Osaka by high-speed trains. Shiga's most prominent feature is Lake Biwa. The northern shore is especially scenic, such as the cherry blossoms of Kaizu Osaki in spring and the sacred island Chikubu-shima. The western shore has white sand beaches, popular among Kyotoites during the summer. The scenery of the southern shore, particularly around Otsu, was selected as Ōmi Hakkei or Eight Views of Ōmi, popularized by Hiroshige's ukiyo-e. Most of the original eight views are now almost gone or changed from centuries ago. One remaining view is the Ukimidō "floating temple" building at Mangetsu-ji temple in Katata, northern Ōtsu. It was reconstructed with concrete in 1937, but a small temple still stands on the lake near the shore, accessible by a short bridge. Another scene features Ishiyama-dera temple in southern Otsu, which is also renowned for having a room where Murasaki Shikibu thought up the plan for some chapters of Tale of Genji. The mountains around the lake offer extensive views. Mount Hira is a picnic spot. Mountain roads like the Oku-Biwako Parkway road up north and the Hiei-zan Driveway and Oku-Hiei Driveway overlooking the southwestern shore. In Ōtsu, the Ōtsu Prince Hotel's Top of Otsu restaurant provides views of the lake and city. The Michigan paddlewheel boat offers lake cruises. Besides the natural environment, historical buildings and festivals persons rank among those of national importance. Shiga has 807 National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties, that ranks the fourth large number in Japan. Shiga's most famous historical building is Hikone Castle, one of four national treasure castles in the country. The castle tower is well preserved and has many cherry trees. The neighboring city of Nagahama has tourism in addition to its hikiyama festival. Nearby shrines include Hiyoshi Taisha in Otsu and Taga-taisha in Taga, which respectively head the seventh and twentieth largest shrine networks in Japan, at about 4,000 shrines and 260 shrines, respectively. Festivals include the hikiyama festival (floats parade festival), held in ten areas such as Nagahama, Otsu, Maibara, Hino and Minakuchi. The Nagahama hikiyama festival held each April is one of the three major hikiyama festivals in Japan and was designated an Important Intangible Cultural Property in 1979. During this festival ornate floats are mounted with miniature stages on which boys (playing both male and female roles) act in kabuki plays. Higashiomi (formerly Yōkaichi) city holds a Giant Kite Festival every May along the riverbank. Ordinary people are invited to pull the rope that sends the kites aloft. Transportation Railways West Japan Railway Company Tōkaidō Main Line (Biwako Line), Hokuriku Main Line, Kusatsu Line and Kosei Line Central Japan Railway Company Tōkaidō Shinkansen (Maibara Station) and Tōkaidō Main Line Keihan Electric Railway Keishin Line and Ishiyama Sakamoto Line Ohmi Railway Main Line, Yōkaichi Line and Taga Line Shigaraki Kōgen Railway Sakamoto Cable Roads Meishin Expressway, Shin-Meishin Expressway and Hokuriku Expressway pass through Shiga. National highway Route 1, 8, 21, 8, 161, 303, 306, 307, 365, 367, 421, 422 and 477 connect with neighboring prefectures. Two bridges span southern part of Lake Biwa. Boats With development of land transportation in the 20th century, waterborne transportation in Lake Biwa was disused except for steamer services to islands on the lake and pleasure boats. Notable people from Shiga Prefecture Kakuzo Kawamoto, business executive and politician from Takashima District. Gentaro Kawase, president of Nippon Life Insurance from Ōmihachiman Takanori Nishikawa, a singer and actor from Hikone and Yasu. He is also active as the first Cultural Ambassador for Shiga. Hizaki, a musician and songwriter, known for work as guitarist of Versailles. Sōsuke Uno, the 75th prime minister from Moriyama. He was one of the shortest-serving prime ministers in Japan, holding office for only three months (June–August 1989). Kizo Yasui, business executive from Hikone, Shiga. Vice-president of Mitsui Bank, president of Mitsui Petroleum and Chemical Industries (now Mitsui Chemicals), chairman of Toray Industries, vice-chairman of Nihon Keidanren (Japan Business Federation), general manager of Tokyo Metropolis of Ise Shrine Revered Board. Sister states Shiga has cooperative agreements with three states. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Michigan, USA Hunan, China Notes References Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 58053128 Shiga-ken hyakka jiten [Encyclopedia Shiga] (滋賀県百科事典, 1984). Tokyo: Yamato Shobo. External links Shiga Prefecture official page go.biwako - Travel Guide of Shiga Prefecture, Japan (Biwako Visitors Bureau) Shiga Prefecture Guide - GoJapanGo Shiga-ken.com Kansai region Prefectures of Japan

26883326

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugs%20%28journal%29

Drugs (journal)

Drugs is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Adis International (Springer Nature) that covers topics in drugs and therapeutics. Besides research articles, the journal also publishes "Adis Drug Evaluations and AdisInsight Reports", evidence-based, single-agent reviews. Abstracting and indexing Drugs is abstracted and indexed in: According to the Journal Citation Reports it received an impact factor of 9.546, ranking it 2nd out of 93 journals in the category "Toxicology" and ranking it 10th out of 275 journals in the category "Pharmacology & Pharmacy" References External links Pharmacology journals Toxicology journals English-language journals Publications established in 1971 Springer Science+Business Media academic journals

10510213

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Florida%20hurricanes%20%281975%E2%80%931999%29

List of Florida hurricanes (1975–1999)

The list of Florida hurricanes from 1975 to 1999 encompasses 83 Atlantic tropical cyclones that affected the U.S. state of Florida. Collectively, tropical cyclones in Florida during the time period resulted in at least $45 billion (2008 USD) in damage, primarily from Hurricane Andrew. Additionally, tropical cyclones in Florida were directly responsible for 54 fatalities during the period. Several tropical cyclones produced over 20 inches (500 mm) of rainfall in the state, including Hurricane Georges which is the highest total during the time period. The 1985 season was the year with the most tropical cyclones affecting the state, with a total of eight systems. Every year included at least one tropical cyclone affecting the state. The strongest hurricane to hit the state during the time period was Hurricane Andrew, which was one of only four Category 5 hurricanes to strike the United States. Andrew, at the time, was the costliest tropical cyclone in United States history. Additionally, Hurricane Eloise and Hurricane Opal hit the state as major hurricanes. 1975–1979 1975 June 27, 1975- The tropical depression that later becomes Tropical Storm Amy drops light rainfall in the eastern portion of the state. July 29, 1975- A tropical depression moves into southern Mississippi after creating a strong convergence zone with a ridge over the western Atlantic Ocean. The convergence zone produces heavy rainfall of up to 20 inches (510 mm) along the western Florida Panhandle, resulting in moderate stream flooding and $8.5 million in damage in the state (1975 USD, $34 million 2008 USD). September 23, 1975- Hurricane Eloise makes landfall near Destin with winds of about , producing light precipitation across the peninsula with heavier amounts near the landfall location peaking at 14.9 inches (378 mm) at Eglin Air Force Base. Hurricane-force winds and storm surge of up to 16 feet (4.9 m) across the panhandle destroy 500 small businesses and damage or destroy 8,000 houses. Damage in the state totals $100 million (1975 USD, $400 million 2008 USD). October 1, 1975- A tropical depression hits the western Florida Panhandle, though its effects, if any, are unknown. October 16, 1975- Southern Louisiana is struck by a tropical depression, with its outer rain squalls and slightly above normal tides reaching the northwestern portion of Florida. 1976 May 23, 1976- Subtropical Storm One strikes near Saint Marks, producing slightly above normal tides, minor beach erosion, and beneficial precipitation. June 11, 1976- A tropical depression moves northeastward across the southern portion of the state, resulting in only minor effects. August 19, 1976- Tropical Storm Dottie hits the southwestern portion of the state, dropping heavy precipitation across its path including around 8 inches (200 mm) in the Coral Gables. The rainfall led to flooding and road closures near Miami. September 13, 1976- The combination of a mid-level low and a stationary front lead to the development of Subtropical Depression Three over the center of the state. It tracks north-northeastward and intensifies into a subtropical storm, though its effects in the state, if any, are unknown. 1977 August 27, 1977- The precursor tropical disturbance of Hurricane Anita crosses the state and drops light precipitation. September 5, 1977- The outer rainbands of Hurricane Babe produce moderate rainfall throughout the state as it makes landfall on southern Louisiana. 1978 June 22, 1978- A tropical depression dissipates shortly after striking the southwestern portion of the state. Damage, if any, is unknown. 1979 July 11, 1979- Hurricane Bob hits southern Louisiana, with its outer rainbands dropping of rain along the western Florida Panhandle. September 3, 1979- Hurricane David brushes the eastern coastline after moving ashore near Palm Beach, producing heavy rainfall with one location reporting over 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation, as well as strong winds which result in $95 million in damage (1979 USD, $282 million 2008 USD), primarily in Palm Beach County. The hurricane causes five casualties in the state. September 12, 1979- Hurricane Frederic makes landfall near the Alabama/Mississippi border, having produced tropical storm force winds in the Dry Tortugas a few days before. The hurricane drops rainfall throughout the state and kills one person off Pensacola when a person is swept from their boat. September 24, 1979- The remnants of Hurricane Henri bring rainfall and river flooding to the western portion of the state. 1980–1989 1980 August 7, 1980- Hurricane Allen passes about 310 miles (500 km) south of Key West, Florida. The threat of the large hurricane prompts the National Hurricane Center to issue gale warnings for the Florida Keys. The hurricane produces gale-force winds across the keys, though there was no significant damage. November 8–12, 1980- An inflow band from Hurricane Jeanne over the central Gulf of Mexico combines with a stationary cold front, producing torrential rainfall across southern Florida. Key West International Airport records a peak total of 24.98 inches (634 mm), with over half of it falling in one six-hour period. November 18, 1980- A tropical depression brings moderate precipitation to the state after merging with Hurricane Jeanne. 1981 August 17, 1981- Tropical Storm Dennis makes landfall on the southwest portion of the state, and drifts northeastward across the state. The rainfall is generally beneficial, though totals of over 20 inches (500 mm) cause moderate flooding damage in southeastern Florida, including $15 million ($36 million 2008 USD) in crop damages in Dade County. November 1981- An unnamed subtropical storm produces coastal flooding and beach erosion along the eastern coastline while located over the open Atlantic Ocean. 1982 Early June 1982- Hurricane Alberto stalls over the eastern Gulf of Mexico, though its outer bands produce moderate rainfall across the state, peaking at 16.47 inches (418 mm) in Tavernier. The hurricane produces tornadic activity across the state, and the storm results in generally minor damage. June 18, 1982- A subtropical storm makes landfall near Yankeetown, and produces moderate precipitation of up to 10.72 inches (272 mm) near DeSoto City. The rainfall leads to 3 deaths, and damage from the storm totals to $10 million (1982 USD, $22 million 2008 USD). September 11, 1982- Tropical Storm Chris strikes Louisiana, with its outer rainbands dropping over 7 inches (175 mm) of precipitation near Apalachicola. 1983 August 28, 1983- Tropical Depression Barry makes landfall as a tropical depression near Melbourne. It drops light rainfall across the southern portion of the state, peaking at 3.01 inches (76 mm) in Wauchula. 1984 September 9, 1984- Tropical Storm Diana passes within 65 miles (100 km) off the northeast Florida coast. The storm produces moderate rainfall of up to 3.13 inches (79.5 mm) in Jacksonville. Diana also produces wind gusts of up to as well as tides 2.6 feet (0.8 m) above normal. September 27, 1984- Tropical Storm Isidore makes landfall on Jupiter with winds. Isidore drops moderate rainfall of over to 6.5 inches (175 mm), and produces a storm tide of around 3.2 feet (1 m). Isidore kills one person and causes $1 million in damage (1984 USD, $2.1 million 2008 USD) across the state. October 26, 1984- A tropical depression crosses the state without dropping much precipitation. 1985 July 23, 1985- Tropical Storm Bob makes landfall near Fort Myers, and while slowly moving across the state it drops heavy rainfall peaking at 21.5 inches (546.1 mm) in Everglades City. Despite the rainfall, damage is minimal. August 15, 1985- Hurricane Danny strikes southern Alabama, with its outer rainbands drop over 3 inches (75 mm) of rainfall in western Florida. August 28 – September 6, 1985- Hurricane Elena moves northeastward through the Gulf of Mexico, loops about 50 miles (80 km) off the coast of Cedar Key, and turns northwestward to hit Mississippi. The hurricane produces precipitation across the entire state, with a peak of in Cross Key. Elena causes a 9.8 foot (3 m) storm surge near Apalachicola, where the oyster industry experiences severe losses from the hurricane. October 10, 1985- Minimal Tropical Storm Isabel hits extreme northeastern Florida, dropping light rain along its path; damage is minor. Late October 1985- Hurricane Juan moves erratically over the northern Gulf of Mexico and hits Pensacola as a tropical storm. It produces precipitation across much of the state, peaking at over 10 inches (250 mm) in the extreme western Florida Panhandle. November 21, 1985- Hurricane Kate makes landfall near Apalachicola as a Category 2 hurricane, producing up to 8.32 inches (147 mm) of rainfall in Panama City. Tides of over 10 feet (3 m) above normal result in further beach erosion near the coast. Just two months after Hurricane Elena affected the area, the passage of Hurricane Kate causes further damage to oyster beds, leaving many people without employment. Kate causes $300 million (1985 USD, $600 million 2008 USD) in damage and three deaths in the state. 1986 June 26, 1986- Hurricane Bonnie strikes the Texas coast, with its outer rainbands produce over 1 inch (25 mm) of rain in the extreme northwestern Florida Panhandle. August 13, 1986- The precursor disturbance that later becomes Hurricane Charley moves over northwestern Florida, causing light to moderate amounts of precipitation of up to 8.61 inches (219 mm) near Steinhatchee. 1987 August 14, 1987- A tropical depression enters the Florida Panhandle from the northwest. It produces rainfall across much of the state, with the extreme western Florida Panhandle receiving over 10 inches (250 mm) of rain. September 7, 1987- Tropical Depression Nine forms to the east of the state, producing over 3 inches (75 mm) of rain near Homestead. October 12, 1987- Hurricane Floyd moves through the Florida Keys, dropping up to 10.07 inches (256 mm) of rain in Fort Pierce. November 4, 1987- The extratropical remnant of Tropical Depression Fourteen makes landfall near Spring Hill, Florida, dropping up to 10.23 inches (260 mm) of rain at Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. 1988 May 30, 1988- A tropical depression moves northward to the east of the state, producing light rainfall peaking at 3.18 inches (81 mm) in Pompano Beach. August 4, 1988- Tropical Storm Beryl forms to the south of Mississippi and moves slowly for several days over coastal areas of Louisiana. The outer bands of the storm drop over 7 inches (175 mm) of rain along the Florida Panhandle, resulting in very minor damage. August 13, 1988- Tropical Depression Four makes landfall in extreme northeastern Florida, producing light to moderate rainfall throughout the entire state peaking at 7.72 inches (196 mm) in Homestead. August 23, 1988- Tropical Storm Chris parallels the east coast of the state and drops over 3 inches (75 mm) of precipitation in various locations. September 4, 1988- Tropical Depression Ten strikes Louisiana, producing moderate rainfall across northern Florida with totals of over 5 inches (125 mm) near Apalachicola. September 10, 1988- The outer rainbands of Hurricane Florence produce heavy rainfall of over 10 inches (250 mm) in the extreme northwestern region of the Florida Panhandle, destroying 30 houses and damaging 50 homes from river flooding. The hurricane also spawns several tornadoes. September 13, 1988- Squalls from the enormous Hurricane Gilbert bring rain to South Florida as the storm lashed the Cayman Islands in the western Caribbean. November 23, 1988- Tropical Storm Keith makes landfall near Sarasota as a tropical storm. The storm drops up to 10.27 inches (261 mm) of precipitation in Saint Leo. Keith produces 2 tornadoes, and overall damage from the storm totals $3 million (1988 USD, $5.5 million 2008 USD). 1989 Late June-Early July 1989- The remnants of Tropical Storm Allison produce moderate precipitation of over 3 inches (75 mm) across much of the entire state. September 22, 1989- Hurricane Hugo makes landfall on South Carolina, dropping trace amounts of rainfall in Jacksonville. Wind gusts peaked at in Saint Augustine. 1990–1999 1990 May 25, 1990- Tropical Depression One passes to the southwest of the state, producing 6.2 inches (157 mm) of rainfall in Royal Palm Beach with its convection located primarily to the east of the center. July 1990- Rip currents from Hurricane Bertha kill two surfers in northern Florida. October 9, 1990- Hurricane Klaus dissipates to the east of the state, though its remnants result in moderate winds throughout the state and rough seas in eastern Florida. Klaus causes beach erosion and heavy rain squalls, as well. October 12, 1990- Tropical Depression Marco makes landfall near Cedar Key after paralleling the coast as a tropical storm. It drops moderate precipitation throughout the state which peaks at over 5 inches (125 mm) near Saint Petersburg. 1991 June 30, 1991- A tropical depression which later becomes Tropical Storm Ana moves over southeastern Florida and exits near Jacksonville, dropping light to moderate rainfall peaking at 7.86 inches (200 mm) in Punta Gorda. October 16, 1991- Tropical Storm Fabian moves through the Florida Straits and produces light rainfall peaking at 4.19 inches (106 mm) in Conch Key. 1992 June 25, 1992 – Tropical Depression One strikes western Florida, dropping heavy rainfall peaking at 25 inches (635 mm) in Arcadia. The rainfall causes over $2.1 million in damage (1992 USD) and 2 deaths. August 24, 1992 – Hurricane Andrew makes landfall on Homestead, just south of Miami, as a Category 5 hurricane with winds of . The winds destroy 25,524 homes and damage 101,241 others in southern Florida, leaving up to one-quarter million people temporarily homeless. In Homestead, more than 99% of all mobile homes are completely destroyed. Hurricane Andrew causes $25.5 billion in damage (1992 USD, $39.2 billion 2008 USD) in south Florida and 15 direct deaths. At the time, Andrew was the costliest North Atlantic hurricane in the history of the United States, though has since dropped to eighth after Hurricanes Katrina, Ike, Irma, Maria Sandy, Ida and Harvey. September 29, 1992 – Tropical Storm Earl turns to the north while located off the coast of northeastern Florida, dropping over 7 inches (175 mm) of rain near Lake Okeechobee. 1993 June 1, 1993- Tropical Depression One passes to the southeast of the state, producing heavy rainfall peaking at 9.4 inches (239 mm) in Tavernier. 1994 July 3, 1994- Tropical Storm Alberto makes landfall near Destin, dropping moderate rainfall across the state including over 20 inches (500 mm) along the Florida Panhandle. Heavy rainfall throughout the area results in extensive flooding, with the Apalachicola and Chipola Rivers exceeding a 100-year flood event. 300,000 chickens and 90% of the oyster crop in Apalachicola Bay perish. Damage in Florida totals $80 million (1994 USD, $116 million 2008 USD)). August 15, 1994- Tropical Storm Beryl strikes Panama City, producing moderate rainfall reaching a maximum of 10.69 inches (272 mm) in Apalachicola. The storm results in $6.9 million in damage (1994 USD). October 2, 1994- The remnants of Tropical Depression Ten produces rough seas and heavy rainfall, flooding roads and homes in western Florida. Damage totals $5 million (1994 USD, $7.3 million 2008 USD). November 16, 1994- Tropical Storm Gordon makes landfall near Fort Myers. The storm drops heavy rainfall across the southern portion of the state, including over 16 inches (406 mm) in Broward County. The rainfall results in heavy agricultural damage, and throughout the state Gordon causes 8 casualties and around $400 million in damage (1994 USD, $582 million 2008 USD). 1995 June 5, 1995- Tropical Storm Allison first strikes near Alligator Point and later near Saint Marks. Allison produces a 6.8 foot (2 m) storm surge in Apalachee Bay as well as scattered tornadoes, with damage amounting to $860,000 (1995 USD, $1.2 million 2008 USD). July 27, 1995- The precursor disturbance to Tropical Storm Dean produces over 5 inches (125 mm) of precipitation in portions of western Florida. August 2, 1995- Hurricane Erin strikes near Vero Beach and days later near Fort Walton Beach, producing moderate rainfall including totals of 10.14 inches (258 mm) in Melbourne and 20 inches (560 mm) in DeFuniak Springs on the Florida Panhandle. Thousands of homes are damaged near the hurricane's two landfalls, with monetary damage totaling about $700 million (1995 USD, $990 million 2008 USD). Rip currents kill a surfer off Palm Beach County, and two people die in the Gulf of Mexico when their boat capsizes. August 23, 1995- Tropical Storm Jerry makes landfall near Jupiter and drops heavy rainfall throughout the state which peaks at 16.8 inches (427 mm) near Naples. Freshwater flooding from the rainfall damages 340 homes in Collier County, with damage amounting to $20.5 million (1995 USD, $29 million 2008 USD). October 4, 1995- Hurricane Opal hits Pensacola Beach with winds of . The hurricane drops moderate rainfall across much of the state, and a tornado spawned by Opal kills one person — the only direct casualty in the state from the hurricane. Strong winds and rough seas damage or destroy large portions of coastal towns along the Florida Panhandle, with serious damage extending eastward to Apalachicola. At the time, Opal is the third costliest tropical cyclone in the United States, with damage totaling over $1 billion (1995 USD) in Florida. 1996 July 11, 1996- Hurricane Bertha parallels the east coast of Florida about 175 miles (280 km) offshore, producing a storm tide of 2 feet (0.6 m) at Jacksonville Beach, as well as rip currents along the coast. Two people drown in rip currents in Miami Beach, and one pilot dies indirectly due to the storm when an evacuating military jet crashes into a house. September 2, 1996- Large swells from Hurricane Fran in the open Atlantic Ocean knock five people out of a fishing boat off Jupiter Inlet; all are rescued. October 8, 1996- Tropical Storm Josephine strikes the eastern portion of Apalachicola Bay with winds of , producing a peak storm tide of 9.3 feet (2.8 m) in Suwannee and spawning at least 16 tornadoes. A tornado in Edgewater severely damages 30 houses, with the storm surge resulting in widespread coastal flooding. October 18, 1996- Hurricane Lili moves northeastward to the south of the state after striking Cuba, dropping moderate rainfall including a maximum of 12.08 inches (307 mm) in southeastern Florida. 1997 July 19, 1997- Hurricane Danny hits near Mullet Point, Alabama, producing tropical storm force winds and moderate rainfall peaking at 6.78 inches (172 mm) in Pensacola. 1998 September 3, 1998 – Hurricane Earl makes landfall near Panama City, resulting in an estimated storm surge of around and moderate to heavy rainfall peaking at 16.38 inches (416 mm) where it struck land. Two people die as a result of a boat being capsized off Panama City, and damage in Florida totals $70 million (1998 USD, $93 million 2008 USD). September 20, 1998 – The outer rainbands of Tropical Storm Hermine produce moderate amounts of rainfall throughout the state, peaking at 14.14 inches (359 mm) in Fort Lauderdale. September 25, 1998 – Hurricane Georges passes over Key West as a Category 2 hurricane, and days later it moves eastward through the Florida Panhandle after hitting Biloxi, Mississippi. In the Florida Keys, the hurricane produced 8.41 inches (214 mm) of rain in Tavernier and wind gusts peaking at in Marathon. There, Georges damages 1,363 homes and destroys 173 houses, with damage amounting to $270 million (1998 USD) in the Keys. In the Florida Panhandle, the storm drops 38.46 inches (977 mm) of rain in Munson and results in $70 million in damage (1998 USD, $93 million 2008 USD). November 5, 1998 – Tropical Storm Mitch makes landfall near Naples and drops up to 11.2 inches (284 mm) of rainfall in Boca Raton. The storm spawns five tornadoes, injuring 65 people and damaging or destroying 645 homes. Two people die in Monroe County when their respective fishing boats capsize, and damage in the state amounts to $40 million (1998 USD, $53 million 2008 USD). 1999 August 29, 1999- High surf from Hurricane Dennis paralleling the east coast of Florida causes four fatalities. September 15, 1999- Once predicted to make a landfall on the state as a major hurricane, Hurricane Floyd parallels the eastern coastline about 115 miles (185 km) offshore. At least 330 homes are damaged by fallen trees, and rough surf results in heavy beach erosion. Monetary damage totals $61 million (1999 USD, $79 million 2008 USD). September 21, 1999- Tropical Storm Harvey strikes Everglades City with a storm surge of over 2 feet (0.6 m). The storm drops over 10 inches (250 mm) of rain, flooding several homes. Damage from Harvey totals $15 million (1999 USD, $19 million 2008 USD). October 15, 1999- Hurricane Irene makes landfall on Key West and later Cape Sable, producing heavy rainfall peaking at 17.45 inches (443 mm) in Boynton Beach. The rainfall led to flooding which isolated thousands. Five people are electrocuted from the floodwaters, and three people drown when driving into flooded canals. Damage in the state amounts to $800 million (1999 USD). Monthly statistics Deadly storms The following is a list of hurricanes with known deaths in Florida between 1975 and 1999. See also References 1975 1970s in Florida 1980s in Florida 1990s in Florida Florida 1975 Florida 1975 Hurricanes

38277488

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Lennox%20%28rower%29

Don Lennox (rower)

Don Lennox (born 1967) is a Guinness World Record holding Scottish ocean rower. Born in Lanark, Scotland, Lennox worked as an architectural model-maker before returning to school at the age of 30 to qualify in Sports Therapy at the City of Glasgow College. Since then, he has worked in the fitness industry as a personal trainer, professional sports team therapist/trainer, and gym owner/manager. Lennox is an ultra runner and ocean rower. 2010 Expedition - Artemis Investments North Atlantic Record Row Lennox rowed with a four-man crew in 2010 and broke a 114-year-old ocean rowing record. Lennox, along with Skipper Leven Brown and fellow crewmembers Livar Nysted and Ray Carroll, rowed unsupported across the North Atlantic from New York to the Isles of Scilly in a time of 43 days, 21 hours, 26 minutes, and 48 seconds. The previous record was set in 1896 by two Norwegian men, George Harbo and Frank Samuelsen, when they crossed the Atlantic in 55 days. 2009 Expedition - 'Trade Winds' Row In 2009, Lennox and skipper Leven Brown rowed together again on the 14-man 'La Mondiale'. The expedition was an attempt to beat the Atlantic crossing record set by their crew on 'La Mondiale' the previous year. The voyage was aborted due to damage sustained to the ship and all crew were safely evacuated onto the bulk carrier 'Island Ranger'. 'La Mondiale' was lost at sea. 2007/08 Expedition - 'La Mondiale' Record Row Lennox achieved an earlier ocean rowing record on the 2007/08 voyage of the ocean rowing boat ‘La Mondiale’ from Puerta De Mogan, Gran Canaria to Port St. Charles, Barbados. Also skippered by Leven Brown, this fourteen-man crew set the record for the fastest rowing boat to cross the Atlantic Ocean at 33 days, 7 hours, and 30 minutes. At that time, the record had stood for 16 years but has since been broken by the ‘Sara G’ in 2010. Other Expeditions On 3 September 2011, Lennox set off on the Transcontinental Challenge 2011 in an attempt to break the record for the fastest crossing of America on foot set by Frank Giannino in 1980. Despite injuries, an early winter, and financial hardship, he made it to the halfway point (McCook, Nebraska) before his VISA expired. In August 2013, Lennox will re-attempt the world record run from San Francisco to New York. References 1967 births Living people Ocean rowers Scottish male rowers Sportspeople from Lanark

69323858

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball%20Federation%20of%20Moldova

Basketball Federation of Moldova

The Basketball Federation of Moldova () is the governing body of basketball in Moldova. It was founded in 1991, and are headquartered in Chișinău. The Basketball Federation of Moldova operates the Moldova men's national team and Moldova women's national team. They organize national competitions in Moldova, for both the men's and women's senior teams and also the youth national basketball teams. The top professional league in Moldova is the Moldovan National Division. See also Moldova men's national basketball team Moldova men's national under-20 basketball team Moldova men's national under-18 basketball team Moldova men's national under-16 basketball team Moldova women's national basketball team Moldova women's national under-18 basketball team Moldova women's national under-16 basketball team References External links Official website Moldova at FIBA site Basketball Fed Basketball governing bodies in Europe Sports organizations established in 1991 Sport in Chișinău

54220617

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naum%20Terebinsky

Naum Terebinsky

Naum Varlaamovich Terebinsky (variant of the patronymic name — Varlamovich; ; 1 December 1851 — after 1908) was a student of the theological seminary, a doctor of medicine, a deputy Orenburg City Duma, a deputy of the Third Imperial Duma from the Orenburg Governorate from 1907 to 1908. His son was Nikolai Naumovich Terebinsky (, 1880—1959), a professor, one of the pioneers of open heart surgery. Literature Теребинский Наум Варлаамович (in Russian) // Государственная дума Российской империи: 1906—1917 / Б. Ю. Иванов, А. А. Комзолова, И. С. Ряховская. — Москва: РОССПЭН, 2008. — P. 608. — 735 p. — . Теребинскій (in Russian) // Члены Государственной Думы (портреты и биографии). Третий созыв. 1907—1912 гг. / Сост. М. М. Боиович. — Москва, 1913. — P. 210. — 526 p. (in Russian) Сафонов Д. А. Теребинский, Наум Варламович (in Russian) // Башкирская энциклопедия. — Уфа: ГАУН «Башкирская энциклопедия», 2013. — . 1851 births Year of death missing People from Orenburg Governorate Octobrists Members of the 3rd State Duma of the Russian Empire

28900172

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theretra%20castanea

Theretra castanea

Theretra castanea is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is found in India. The ground colour of both upperside and underside are very variable, the upperside sometimes more, sometimes less reddish, the underside varying from orange to pale tawny. The hindwing upperside is uniformly dark tawny-olive or blackish. References Theretra Moths described in 1872