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List of Nobel laureates in Physics - wikipedia <H1> List of Nobel laureates in Physics </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Front side ( obverse ) of the Nobel Prize Medal for Physics presented to Edward Victor Appleton in 1947 <P> The Nobel Prize in Physics ( Swedish : Nobelpriset i fysik ) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of physics . It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel ( who died in 1896 ) , awarded for outstanding contributions in physics . As dictated by Nobel 's will , the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10 , the anniversary of Nobel 's death . Each recipient receives a medal , a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Statistics </Li> <Li> 2 Laureates </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 4.2 Citations </Li> <Li> 4.3 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Statistics ( edit ) </H2> <P> The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in 1901 to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen , of Germany , who received 150,782 SEK , which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007 . John Bardeen is the only laureate to win the prize twice -- in 1956 and 1972 . Maria Skłodowska - Curie also won two Nobel Prizes , for physics in 1903 and chemistry in 1911 . William Lawrence Bragg was , until October 2014 , the youngest ever Nobel laureate ; he won the prize in 1915 at the age of 25 . Two women have won the prize : Curie and Maria Goeppert - Mayer ( 1963 ) . As of 2017 , the prize has been awarded to 206 individuals . There have been six years in which the Nobel Prize in Physics was not awarded ( 1916 , 1931 , 1934 , 1940 -- 1942 ) . </P> <H2> Laureates ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Laureate </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Rationale </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1901 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> `` in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1902 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hendrik Lorentz </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> `` in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pieter Zeeman </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1903 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Antoine Henri Becquerel </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> `` for his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Pierre Curie </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> `` for their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Maria Skłodowska - Curie </Td> <Td> Poland France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1904 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lord Rayleigh </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> `` for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1905 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard </Td> <Td> Austria - Hungary Germany </Td> <Td> `` for his work on cathode rays '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1906 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Joseph John Thomson </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> `` for his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1907 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Albert Abraham Michelson </Td> <Td> United States Poland </Td> <Td> `` for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1908 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Gabriel Lippmann </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> `` for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1909 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Guglielmo Marconi </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> `` for their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Karl Ferdinand Braun </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1910 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Johannes Diderik van der Waals </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> `` for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1911 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wilhelm Wien </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> `` for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1912 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Nils Gustaf Dalén </Td> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> `` for his invention of automatic valves designed to be used in combination with gas accumulators in lighthouses and buoys '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1913 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Heike Kamerlingh - Onnes </Td> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> `` for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led , inter alia , to the production of liquid helium '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1914 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Max von Laue </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> `` For his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals '' , an important step in the development of X-ray spectroscopy . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1915 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> William Henry Bragg </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> `` For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays '' , an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> William Lawrence Bragg </Td> <Td> Australia <P> United Kingdom </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1916 </Td> <Td colspan="4"> Not awarded World

The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to

Who got the first nobel prize in physics?

8851020722386421469

</Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Teaser poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> David Leitch </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Simon Kinberg </Li> <Li> Ryan Reynolds </Li> <Li> Lauren Shuler Donner </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett Reese </Li> <Li> Paul Wernick </Li> <Li> Ryan Reynolds </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Deadpool by <Ul> <Li> Rob Liefeld </Li> <Li> Fabian Nicieza </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ryan Reynolds </Li> <Li> Josh Brolin </Li> <Li> Morena Baccarin </Li> <Li> Julian Dennison </Li> <Li> Zazie Beetz </Li> <Li> T.J. Miller </Li> <Li> Brianna Hildebrand </Li> <Li> Jack Kesy </Li> <Li> Stefan Kapičić </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Tyler Bates </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Jonathan Sela </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Craig Alpert </Li> <Li> Elísabet Ronaldsdóttir </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Marvel Entertainment </Li> <Li> The Donners ' Company </Li> <Li> Genre Films </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> 20th Century Fox </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> May 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 18 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Deadpool 2 is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Deadpool , distributed by 20th Century Fox . It is intended to be the eleventh installment in the X-Men film series , and a sequel to the 2016 film Deadpool . The film is directed by David Leitch from a script by Rhett Reese , Paul Wernick , and Ryan Reynolds , with Reynolds starring in the title role alongside Josh Brolin , Morena Baccarin , Julian Dennison , Zazie Beetz , T.J. Miller , Brianna Hildebrand , Jack Kesy , and Stefan Kapičić . In Deadpool 2 , Deadpool forms the team X-Force to protect a young mutant from Cable . </P> <P> Plans for a sequel to Deadpool began before that film 's release , and were confirmed in February 2016 . Though the original creative team of Reynolds , Reese , Wernick , and director Tim Miller were quickly set to return for the second film , Miller left the project in October 2016 due to creative differences with Reynolds , and was soon replaced by Leitch . An extensive casting search took place to fill the role of Cable , with Brolin ultimately cast ; the casting of Beetz as Domino was also noteworthy . Filming took place in British Columbia , Canada , from June to October 2017 . During filming , stunt woman Joi `` SJ '' Harris died in a motorcycle accident . </P> <P> Deadpool 2 is scheduled to be released in the United States on May 18 , 2018 . A sequel , Deadpool 3 , is in development . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Pre-production </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.4 Post-production </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Music </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Box office projection </Li> <Li> 7 Sequel </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise </H2> <P> Deadpool forms a team of mutants called the X-Force to protect young mutant Russell from the time - traveling soldier Cable . </P> <H2> Cast </H2> <Ul> <Li> Ryan Reynolds as Wade Wilson / Deadpool : A wisecracking mercenary with accelerated healing but severe scarring over his body after undergoing an experimental regenerative mutation . He forms the X-Force , a team of mutants . </Li> <Li> Josh Brolin as Nathan Summers / Cable : A time travelling cybernetic mutant soldier , `` in many ways the opposite of Deadpool '' . Director David Leitch called the dynamic between Cable and Deadpool `` sort of classic buddy - cop fare '' , and compared them to the characters portrayed by Nick Nolte and Eddie Murphy , respectively , in 48 Hrs. ( 1982 ) . Brolin signed a four - film deal to play the character , and described his appearance here as just the introduction for the character , with `` three more movies to reveal more . '' </Li> <Li> Morena Baccarin as Vanessa : An escort and Wilson 's fiancée . </Li> <Li> Julian Dennison as Russell : A young mutant being hunted by Cable . Dennison was the only actor that the creative team considered for the role , with Russell `` sort of a tailor - made character '' for the actor . </Li> <Li> Zazie Beetz as Neena Thurman / Domino : A mercenary with the mutant ability to manipulate luck , who joins Deadpool 's X-Force team . Leitch described the film 's version of the character as Beetz ' own `` real fun interesting take '' . Beetz began `` doing strength conditioning , so that 's like working out everyday '' when she got the role , for which she has to `` be shooting guns , I fight and a lot of that movement is full body and physical . '' </Li> <Li> T.J. Miller as Weasel : Wilson 's best friend , the owner of a bar frequented by mercenaries . </Li> <Li> Brianna Hildebrand as Negasonic Teenage Warhead : A teenage X-Man with the mutant power to detonate atomic bursts from her body , she is now a `` new level of X-Men '' after being a trainee in the first film . Hildebrand felt that `` it 's cool that she 's grown and matured and she still has so much of this essence of a punk kid '' from the first film ,

The next Deadpool movie is being released on

When is the next deadpool movie being released?

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Fortnite - wikipedia <H1> Fortnite </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the battle royale version of the game , see Fortnite Battle Royale . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Fortnite </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> European box art </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Epic Games </Li> <Li> People Can Fly </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher ( s ) </Th> <Td> Epic Games </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Director ( s ) </Th> <Td> Darren Sugg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artist ( s ) </Th> <Td> Pete Ellis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rom Di Prisco </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Engine </Th> <Td> Unreal Engine 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Platform ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Microsoft Windows </Li> <Li> macOS </Li> <Li> PlayStation 4 </Li> <Li> Xbox One </Li> <Li> iOS </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release </Th> <Td> 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre ( s ) </Th> <Td> Survival </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mode ( s ) </Th> <Td> Single - player , multiplayer </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Fortnite is a co-op sandbox survival game developed by Epic Games and People Can Fly and published by Epic Games . The game was released as a paid - for early access title for Microsoft Windows , macOS , PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 25 , 2017 , with a full free - to - play release expected in 2018 . The retail versions of the game were published by Gearbox Publishing , while online distribution of the PC versions is handled by Epic 's launcher . </P> <P> Fortnite is set in contemporary Earth , where the sudden appearance of a worldwide storm causes 98 % of the world 's population to disappear , and zombie - like creatures rise to attack the remainder . Considered by Epic as a cross between Minecraft and Left 4 Dead , Fortnite has up to four players cooperating on various missions on randomly - generated maps to collect resources , build fortifications around defensive objectives that are meant to help fight the storm and protect survivors , and construct weapons and traps to engage in combat with waves of these creatures that attempt to destroy the objectives . Players gain rewards through these missions to improve their hero characters , support teams , and arsenal of weapon and trap schematics to be able to take on more difficult missions . The game is supported through microtransactions to purchase in - game currency that can be used towards these upgrades . </P> <P> A standalone mode , Fortnite Battle Royale , based on the battle royale game genre but based on the core Fortnite gameplay , was released for the same platforms in September 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Gameplay </Li> <Li> 3 Development <Ul> <Li> 3.1 History </Li> <Li> 3.2 Art and design </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Sales </Li> <Li> 4.2 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis </H2> <P> One day , 98 % of Earth 's population suddenly disappeared , and the remaining population found the skies covered in dense clouds , creating chaotic storms that dropped husks , humanoid zombie - like creatures , that attacked the living . The survivors found ways to construct `` storm shields '' , a field that cleared the storm clouds from immediately overhead and reduced the attacks from husks , and used these to set up survivor bases across the globe . The player is a commander of one of these bases , charged with going out of the storm shield to find resources , survivors , and other allies to help expand their storm shield and find a way to return Earth to its normal state . </P> <H2> Gameplay </H2> <P> Currently , the paid - for product Fortnite provides two distinct modes : access to Fortnite Battle Royale , ( which is also available as a separate free - to - play title ) and the cooperative player - versus - environment `` Save the World '' , which is unique to the main Fortnite game . </P> <P> The `` Save the World '' mode is described as a co-op sandbox survival game and is about exploration , scavenging items , crafting weapons , building fortified structures , and fighting waves of encroaching monsters . Tim Sweeney , Epic 's founder , described the game as `` Minecraft meets Left 4 Dead '' . The game cycles between managing one 's resources at a safe home base , and then going out on missions to complete quests as to collect resources and obtain rewards to advance the game 's story . </P> <P> In the meta - game , the player has an inventory of weapon and trap schematics , hero characters , defender characters , and support characters , along with collected resources . Schematics are used to construct weapons and traps when on the field . Hero characters represent characters from one of four classes that the player can use while on a mission , as well as used to undertake resource - gathering missions making them unavailable to use until they return from the mission . Defender characters can be summoned to help with defense but only if there are less than four players on a mission . Support characters are used to form various non-playable squads that provide passive bonuses to the player 's attack strength , building speed , armor , and health , with additional benefits if the player can match certain characterization attributes within a squad . The player can spend different types of experience points and resources earned as mission rewards , from loot boxes ( represented as llama pinatas ) , or other sources to level up and evolve schematics and characters . For weapons and traps , this generally boosts their effectiveness as well as unlocking

The idea of Fortnite originated

Where did the idea of fortnite come from?

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for DRM , as it mainly transmitted in 10 kHz format . </P> <P> The power used by shortwave transmitters ranges from less than one watt for some experimental and amateur radio transmissions to 500 kilowatts and higher for intercontinental broadcasters and over-the - horizon radar . Shortwave transmitting centers often use specialized antenna designs ( like the ALLISS antenna technology ) to concentrate radio energy at the target area . </P> <H3> Advantages ( edit ) </H3> Soviet shortwave listener in Borisoglebsk , 1941 <P> Shortwave does possess a number of advantages over newer technologies , including the following : </P> <Ul> <Li> Difficulty of censoring programming by authorities in restrictive countries : unlike their relative ease in monitoring the Internet , government authorities face technical difficulties monitoring which stations ( sites ) are being listened to ( accessed ) . For example , during the attempted coup against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev , when his access to communications was limited ( e.g. his phones were cut off , etc . ) , Gorbachev was able to stay informed by means of the BBC World Service on shortwave . </Li> <Li> Low - cost shortwave radios are widely available in all but the most repressive countries in the world . Simple shortwave regenerative receivers can be easily built with a few parts . </Li> <Li> In many countries ( particularly in most developing nations and in the Eastern bloc during the Cold War era ) ownership of shortwave receivers has been and continues to be widespread ( in many of these countries some domestic stations also used shortwave ) . </Li> <Li> Many newer shortwave receivers are portable and can be battery - operated , making them useful in difficult circumstances . Newer technology includes hand - cranked radios which provide power without batteries . </Li> <Li> Shortwave radios can be used in situations where Internet or satellite communications service is temporarily or long - term unavailable ( or unaffordable ) . </Li> <Li> Shortwave radio travels much farther than broadcast FM ( 88 -- 108 MHz ) . Shortwave broadcasts can be easily transmitted over a distance of several thousands of kilometers , including from one continent to another . </Li> <Li> Particularly in tropical regions , SW is somewhat less prone to interference from thunderstorms than medium wave radio , and is able to cover a large geographic area with relatively low power ( and hence cost ) . Therefore , in many of these countries it is widely used for domestic broadcasting . </Li> <Li> Very little infrastructure is required for long - distance two - way communications using shortwave radio . All one needs is a pair of transceivers , each with an antenna , and a source of energy ( such as a battery , a portable generator , or the electrical grid ) . This makes shortwave radio one of the most robust means of communications , which can be disrupted only by interference or bad ionospheric conditions . Modern digital transmission modes such as MFSK and Olivia are even more robust , allowing successful reception of signals well below the noise floor of a conventional receiver . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Disadvantages ( edit ) </H3> <P> Shortwave radio 's benefits are sometimes regarded as being outweighed by its drawbacks , including : </P> <Ul> <Li> In most Western countries , shortwave radio ownership is usually limited to true enthusiasts , since most new standard radios do not receive the shortwave band . Therefore , Western audiences are limited . </Li> <Li> In the developed world , shortwave reception is very difficult in urban areas because of excessive noise from switched - mode power adapters , fluorescent or LED light sources , internet modems and routers , computers and many other sources of radio interference . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Shortwave listening ( edit ) </H2> A pennant sent to overseas listeners by Radio Budapest in the late 1980s Main article : Shortwave listening <P> The Asia - Pacific Telecommunity estimates that there are approximately 600 million shortwave broadcast - radio receivers in use in 2002 . WWCR claims that there are 1.5 billion shortwave receivers worldwide . </P> <P> Many hobbyists listen to shortwave broadcasters . In some cases , the goal is to hear as many stations from as many countries as possible ( DXing ) ; others listen to specialized shortwave utility , or `` ute '' , transmissions such as maritime , naval , aviation , or military signals . Others focus on intelligence signals from numbers stations , stations which transmit strange broadcast usually for intelligence operations , or the two way communications by amateur radio operators . Some short wave listeners behave analogously to `` lurkers '' on the Internet , in that they listen only and never make any attempt to send out their own signals . Other listeners participate in clubs , or actively send and receive QSL cards , or become involved with amateur radio and start transmitting on their own . </P> <P> Many listeners tune the shortwave bands for the programmes of stations broadcasting to a general audience ( such as Radio Taiwan International , China Radio International , Voice of America , Radio France Internationale , BBC World Service , Voice of Korea , Radio Free Sarawak etc . ) . Today , through the evolution of the Internet , the hobbyist can listen to shortwave signals via remotely controlled or web controlled shortwave receivers around the world , even without owning a shortwave radio . Many international broadcasters offer live streaming audio on their websites and a number have closed their shortwave service entirely , or severely curtailed it , in favour of internet transmission . </P> <P> Shortwave listeners , or SWLs , can obtain QSL cards from broadcasters , utility stations or amateur radio operators as trophies of the hobby . Some stations even give out special certificates , pennants , stickers and other tokens and promotional materials to shortwave listeners . </P> <H2> Shortwave broadcasts and music ( edit ) </H2> Composer

The mode used for short wave broadcast service is

Which mode is used for short wave broadcast service?

-4340755100872459608

Health ( Gaming ) - wikipedia <H1> Health ( Gaming ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search A health bar , a possible representation of the health of a character . <P> Health or vitality is an attribute assigned to entities , such as the player character , enemies and objects within a role - playing or video game , that indicates its state in combat . Health is usually measured in hit points or health points , shortened to HP . When the HP of a player character reaches zero , the player may lose a life or their character might become incapacitated or die . When the HP of an enemy reaches zero , it may be defeated or die and the player is usually rewarded in some way . </P> <P> Any entity within a game could have a health value , including the player character , non-player characters and objects . Indestructible entities have no diminishable health value . </P> <P> Health might be displayed as a numeric value , such as `` 50 / 100 '' . Here , the first number indicates the current amount of HP an entity has and the second number indicates the entity 's maximum HP . In video games , health can also be displayed graphically , such as with a bar that empties itself when an entity loses health ( a health bar , typically red ) , icons that are `` chipped away '' , or in more novel ways . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Usage <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Regeneration </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Display </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dungeons & Dragons co-creator Dave Arneson described the origin of hit points in a 2002 interview . When Arneson was adapting the medieval wargame Chainmail ( 1971 ) to a fantasy setting , a process that with Gary Gygax would lead to Dungeons & Dragons , he saw that the emphasis of the gameplay was moving from large armies to small groups of heroes and eventually to the identification of one player and one character that is essential to role - playing as it was originally conceived . Players became attached to their heroes and did not want them to die every time they lost a die roll . Players were thus given multiple hit points which were incrementally decreased as they took damage . Arneson took the concept , along with armor class , from a set of a naval American Civil War game 's rules . </P> <P> US Navy used similar concept in their tactical war games already in 1920s and 1930s . In their simulation each ship had Life parameter . The unit of Life of the ship was a number of `` equivalent penetrative 14 - inch shell hits '' . The Navy considered ie. that Kongō - class battlecruiser had 12 Life points and Nagato - class battleship had 18.8 . </P> <P> A visual power meter representing stamina was used in Nintendo 's 1983 arcade game Punch - Out ! ! and Data East 's 1981 DECO Cassette System arcade game Flash Boy . </P> <H2> Usage ( edit ) </H2> <P> In action video games as well as in role - playing games , health points can usually be depleted by attacking the entity . A defense attribute might reduce the amount of HP that is lost when a character is damaged . It is common in role - playing games for a character 's maximum health and defense attributes to be gradually raised as the character levels up . In game design , it is deemed important that a player is aware of it when they are losing health , each hit playing a clear sound effect . Author Scott Rogers states that `` health should deplete in an obvious manner , because with every hit , a player is closer to losing their life . '' The display of health also helps to dramatize the near - loss of a life . </P> <H3> Regeneration ( edit ) </H3> <P> Player characters can often restore their health points by consuming certain items , such as health potions , food or first - aid kits . Staying a night at an inn fully restores a character 's health in many role - playing video games . In general , the different methods of regenerating health has its uses in a particular genre . In action games , this method is very quick , whereas role - playing games feature slower paced methods to match the gameplay and realism . </P> <P> Some video games feature automatically regenerating health , where lost health points are regained over time . This can be useful to not `` cripple '' the player , making them still able to continue even after losing lots of health . However , automatically regenerating health may also cause a player to `` power through '' sections they might otherwise have had to approach cautiously , simply because there are no lasting consequences to losing a large amount of health . </P> <P> This mechanic initially appeared in action role - playing games , with early examples including the Hydlide series , the Ys series , and Woody Poco . In Woody Poco , the rate at which health recharges is based on food level . In Hydlide and Ys , the player character has to stand still for their health to automatically regenerate . This system was popularized in first - person shooters by Halo : Combat Evolved ( 2001 ) , though regenerating health in The Getaway ( 2002 ) has been cited to be more comparable to later use of the mechanic in first - person shooters . </P> <H2> Display ( edit ) </H2> Heart - shaped icons can indicate the amount of health a player has left . <P> The way health is displayed on the screen has an effect on

In the game War and Order, HP stands for

What does hp mean in war and order?

-4752044886865067782

and was discovered in the ruins of Babylon in Mesopotamia ( modern Iraq ) in 1879 . It is currently in the possession of the British Museum , which sponsored the expedition that discovered the cylinder . It was created and used as a foundation deposit following the Persian conquest of Babylon in 539 BC , when the Neo-Babylonian Empire was invaded by Cyrus and incorporated into his Persian Empire . </P> <P> The text on the Cylinder praises Cyrus , sets out his genealogy and portrays him as a king from a line of kings . The Babylonian king Nabonidus , who was defeated and deposed by Cyrus , is denounced as an impious oppressor of the people of Babylonia and his low - born origins are implicitly contrasted to Cyrus ' kingly heritage . The victorious Cyrus is portrayed as having been chosen by the chief Babylonian god Marduk to restore peace and order to the Babylonians . The text states that Cyrus was welcomed by the people of Babylon as their new ruler and entered the city in peace . It appeals to Marduk to protect and help Cyrus and his son Cambyses . It extols Cyrus as a benefactor of the citizens of Babylonia who improved their lives , repatriated displaced people and restored temples and cult sanctuaries across Mesopotamia and elsewhere in the region . It concludes with a description of how Cyrus repaired the city wall of Babylon and found a similar inscription placed there by an earlier king . </P> <P> The Cylinder 's text has traditionally been seen by biblical scholars as corroborative evidence of Cyrus ' policy of the repatriation of the Jewish people following their Babylonian captivity ( an act that the Book of Ezra attributes to Cyrus ) , as the text refers to the restoration of cult sanctuaries and repatriation of deported peoples . This interpretation has been disputed , as the text identifies only Mesopotamian sanctuaries , and makes no mention of Jews , Jerusalem , or Judea . The Cylinder has also been referred to by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , the last Shah of Iran as the first declaration of universal human rights , a view rejected by some historians as anachronistic and a misunderstanding of the Cylinder 's generic nature as a typical statement made by a new monarch at the beginning of his reign . Neil MacGregor , Director of the British Museum , has stated that the cylinder was `` the first attempt we know about running a society , a state with different nationalities and faiths -- a new kind of statecraft . '' It was adopted as a national symbol of Iran by the Imperial State which put it on display in Tehran in 1971 to commemorate 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire . On October 14 , the Mohammad Reza Shah 's sister , Princess Ashraf Pahlavi , presented the United Nations Secretary General U Thant with a replica of the Cylinder . The princess asserted that `` the heritage of Cyrus was the heritage of human understanding , tolerance , courage , compassion and , above all , human liberty '' . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Discovery </Li> <Li> 2 Description <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Text </Li> <Li> 2.2 Associated fragments </Li> <Li> 2.3 Relation to a Chinese bone inscription </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Interpretations <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Mesopotamian and Persian tradition and propaganda <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Similarities with other royal inscriptions </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 Analysis of the Cylinder 's claims </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Biblical interpretations </Li> <Li> 3.3 Human rights <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Pahlavi Iranian government 's view </Li> <Li> 3.3. 2 Reception in the Islamic Republic </Li> <Li> 3.3. 3 Scholarly views </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Exhibition history </Li> <Li> 5 Freedom Sculpture </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Notes </Li> <Li> 8 References <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Books and journals </Li> <Li> 8.2 Media articles </Li> <Li> 8.3 Other sources </Li> <Li> 8.4 Editions and translations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Discovery ( edit ) </H2> Hormuzd Rassam in Mosul circa 1854 . The Cyrus Cylinder was discovered during Rassam 's excavations in Babylon in February -- March 1879 . <P> The Assyro - British archaeologist Hormuzd Rassam discovered the Cyrus Cylinder in March 1879 during a lengthy programme of excavations in Mesopotamia carried out for the British Museum . It had been placed as a foundation deposit in the foundations of the Ésagila , the city 's main temple . Rassam 's expedition followed on from an earlier dig carried out in 1850 by the British archaeologist Austen Henry Layard , who excavated three mounds in the same area but found little of importance . In 1877 , Layard became Britain 's ambassador to the Ottoman Empire , which ruled Mesopotamia at the time . He helped Rassam , who had been his assistant in the 1850 dig , to obtain a firman ( decree ) from the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II to continue the earlier excavations . The firman was only valid for a year but a second firman , with much more liberal terms , was issued in 1878 . It was granted for two years ( through to 15 October 1880 ) with the promise of an extension to 1882 if required . The Sultan 's decree authorised Rassam to `` pack and dispatch to England any antiquities ( he ) found ... provided , however , there were no duplicates . '' A representative of the Sultan was instructed to be present at the dig to examine the objects as they were uncovered . </P> <P> With permission secured , Rassam initiated a large - scale excavation at Babylon and other sites on behalf of the Trustees of the British Museum . He undertook the excavations in four distinct phases . In between each phase , he returned to England to bring back his finds and raise more funds

The first declaration of human rights was written by

Who wrote the first declaration of human rights?

3221262508309669486

in 1950 and 1956 , respectively . </P> <P> Until 1858 , the governor - general was selected by the Court of Directors of the East India Company , to whom he was responsible . Thereafter , he was appointed by the sovereign on the advice of the British government ; the Secretary of State for India , a member of the UK Cabinet , was responsible for instructing him on the exercise of his powers . After 1947 , the sovereign continued to appoint the governor - general , but did so on the advice of the Indian government . </P> <P> Governors - General served at the pleasure of the sovereign , though the practice was to have them serve five - year terms . Governors - General could have their commission rescinded ; and if one was removed , or left , a provisional governor - general was sometimes appointed until a new holder of the office could be chosen . The first Governor - General of British India was Warren Hastings , and the first Governor - General of independent India was Louis Mountbatten . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Functions </Li> <Li> 3 Council </Li> <Li> 4 Style and title </Li> <Li> 5 Flag </Li> <Li> 6 Residence </Li> <Li> 7 Insignia </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Warren Hastings , the first Governor - General of Fort William from 1773 to 1785 . <P> Many parts of the Indian subcontinent were governed by the East India Company , which nominally acted as the agent of the Mughal Emperor . In 1773 , motivated by corruption in the Company , the British government assumed partial control over the governance of India with the passage of the Regulating Act of 1773 . A Governor - General and Supreme Council of Bengal were appointed to rule over the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal . The first Governor - General and Council were named in the Act . </P> <P> The Charter Act 1833 replaced the Governor - General and Council of Fort William with the Governor - General and Council of India . The power to elect the Governor - General was retained by the Court of Directors , but the choice became subject to the Sovereign 's approval . </P> <P> After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the East India Company 's territories in India were put under the direct control of the Sovereign . The Government of India Act 1858 vested the power to appoint the Governor - General in the Sovereign . The Governor - General , in turn , had the power to appoint all lieutenant governors in India , subject to the Sovereign 's approval . </P> <P> India and Pakistan acquired independence in 1947 , but Governors - General continued to be appointed over each nation until republican constitutions were written . Louis Mountbatten , 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma remained Governor - General of India for some time after independence , but the two nations were otherwise headed by native Governors - General . India became a secular republic in 1950 ; Pakistan became an Islamic one in 1956 . </P> <H2> Functions ( edit ) </H2> Lord Curzon in his robes as Viceroy of India , a post he held from 1899 to 1905 . Lord Mountbatten addressing the Chamber of Princes as Crown Representative in the 1940s <P> The Governor - General originally had power only over the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal . The Regulating Act , however , granted them additional powers relating to foreign affairs and defence . The other Presidencies of the East India Company ( Madras , Bombay and Bencoolen ) were not allowed to declare war on or make peace with an Indian prince without receiving the prior approval of the Governor - General and Council of Fort William . </P> <P> The powers of the Governor - General , in respect of foreign affairs , were increased by the India Act 1784 . The Act provided that the other Governors under the East India Company could not declare war , make peace or conclude a treaty with an Indian prince unless expressly directed to do so by the Governor - General or by the Company 's Court of Directors . </P> <P> While the Governor - General thus became the controller of foreign policy in India , he was not the explicit head of British India . That status came only with the Charter Act 1833 , which granted him `` superintendence , direction and control of the whole civil and military Government '' of all of British India . The Act also granted legislative powers to the Governor - General and Council . </P> <P> After 1858 , the Governor - General ( now usually known as the Viceroy ) functioned as the chief administrator of India and as the Sovereign 's representative . India was divided into numerous provinces , each under the head of a Governor , Lieutenant Governor or Chief Commissioner or Administrator . Governors were appointed by the British Government , to whom they were directly responsible ; Lieutenant Governors , Chief Commissioners , and Administrators , however , were appointed by and were subordinate to the Viceroy . The Viceroy also oversaw the most powerful princely rulers : the Nizam of Hyderabad , the Maharaja of Mysore , the Maharaja ( Scindia ) of Gwalior , the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir and the Gaekwad ( Gaekwar ) Maharaja of Baroda . The remaining princely rulers were overseen either by the Rajputana Agency and Central India Agency , which were headed by representatives of the Viceroy , or by provincial authorities . </P> <P> The Chamber of Princes was an institution established in 1920 by a Royal Proclamation of King - Emperor George V to provide a forum in which the princely rulers could voice their needs

When India became independent, the Governor General of India was

Who was the governor general of india when country became independent?

-3632974700795137148

Reading FC - Wikipedia <H1> Reading FC </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Reading F.C. Women . <Table> Reading <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Full name </Th> <Td> Reading Football Club </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nickname ( s ) </Th> <Td> The Royals </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> 1871 ; 147 years ago ( 1871 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ground </Th> <Td> Madejski Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ground Capacity </Th> <Td> 24,161 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Dai Yongge and Dai Xiuli ( majority ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chairman </Th> <Td> Sir John Madejski </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Manager </Th> <Td> Jaap Stam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> League </Th> <Td> Championship </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2016 -- 17 </Th> <Td> Championship , 3rd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> Club website </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Home colours </Td> <Td> Away colours </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Current season </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Reading Football Club ( / ˈrɛdɪŋ / ( listen ) RED - ing ) is a professional association football club based in Reading , Berkshire , England . The team play in the Championship , the second tier of English football . </P> <P> Reading are nicknamed The Royals , due to Reading 's location in the Royal County of Berkshire , though they were previously known as The Biscuitmen , due to the town 's association with Huntley and Palmers . Established in 1871 , the club is one of the oldest teams in England , but did not join The Football League until 1920 , and had never played in the top tier of English football league system before the 2006 -- 07 season . The club competed in the 2012 -- 13 Premier League season , having gained promotion at the end of the 2011 -- 12 season after winning the Championship , but were relegated after just one season back in the top flight . </P> <P> The club played at Elm Park for 102 years between 1896 and 1998 . In 1998 the club moved to the new Madejski Stadium , which is named after the club 's co-chairman Sir John Madejski . </P> <P> The club holds the record for the number of successive league wins at the start of a season , with a total of 13 wins at the start of the 1985 -- 86 Third Division campaign and also the record for the number of points gained in the professional league season with 106 points in the 2005 -- 06 Football League Championship campaign . Reading then finished eighth in the 2006 -- 07 Premier League , their first ever season as a top flight club . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Crest and colours </Li> <Li> 3 Stadium </Li> <Li> 4 Support <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Rivalries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Sponsorship <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Additional kit sponsors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Ownership and finances </Li> <Li> 7 Players <Ul> <Li> 7.1 First - team squad </Li> <Li> 7.2 Under - 23 squad </Li> <Li> 7.3 Under - 18 squad </Li> <Li> 7.4 Out on loan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Records and statistics <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Notable players </Li> <Li> 8.2 Player of the season </Li> <Li> 8.3 International players </Li> <Li> 8.4 Former players </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Club officials </Li> <Li> 10 Managers </Li> <Li> 11 Women 's team </Li> <Li> 12 Honours <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Managerial </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 13 Affiliated clubs </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of Reading F.C. See also : Thames Valley Royals proposal <P> Reading were formed on 25 December 1871 , following a public meeting at the Bridge Street Rooms organised by the future club secretary Joseph Edward Sydenham . The early matches were played at Reading Recreation Ground , and later the club held fixtures at Reading Cricket Ground , Coley Park and Caversham Cricket Ground . The switch to professionalism in 1895 resulted in the need for a bigger ground and , to this end , the club moved again , to the purpose - built Elm Park on 5 September 1896 . In 1913 , Reading had a successful tour of Italy , prompting the leading sports newspaper Corriere della Sera to write `` without doubt , Reading FC are the finest foreign team seen in Italy '' . </P> The team from the 1926 -- 27 season <P> Reading were elected to the Football League Third Division South of the Football League in 1920 . Reading 's best performance in the FA Cup came in 1926 -- 27 when they lost to eventual winners Cardiff City at Wolverhampton in the semi-final , a placement the club would not match again until 2015 , when they lost to holders Arsenal in the semi-final . Reading lost their place in Division Two in May 1931 , and remained in Third Division South until the outbreak of World War II . The club won the Southern Section Cup , beating Bristol City in the two - legged final in 1938 , and when taking part in the regional London War League and Cup competitions , gained another honour by beating Brentford in the London War Cup Final of 1941 by 3 -- 2 at Stamford Bridge . </P> <P> When League football resumed after the war , Reading quickly came to prominence once again . The club 's record victory , 10 -- 2 versus Crystal Palace , was recorded in September 1946 , and Reading twice finished runners - up in the Third ( South ) , in 1948 -- 49 and 1951 -- 52 , but they were denied a return to Division Two as only the champions were promoted . The side 's moment of

The owner of Reading Football Club is

Who is the owner of reading football club?

-7123670178204378853

Tuskegee Airmen - Wikipedia <H1> Tuskegee Airmen </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Tuskegee Airmen ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Tuskegee Airmen ( unofficial ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> </P> Emblems of wing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Active </Th> <Td> 1940 -- 1948 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Branch </Th> <Td> United States Army Air Corps United States Army Air Forces United States Air Force </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Role </Th> <Td> trained for aerial combat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Part of </Th> <Td> graduates assigned to the 332nd Fighter Group ( 99th Fighter Squadron , 100th Fighter Squadron , 301st Fighter Squadron , 302d Fighter Squadron ) , 477th Medium Bombardment Group ( 616th Bombardment Squadron , 617th Bombardment Squadron , 618th Bombardment Squadron , 619th Bombardment Squadron ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nickname ( s ) </Th> <Td> Red Tails Red - Tail Angels </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Motto ( s ) </Th> <Td> Spit Fire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Engagements </Th> <Td> World War II </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Tuskegee Airmen / tʌsˈkiːɡiː / is the popular name of a group of African - American military pilots ( fighter and bomber ) who fought in World War II . They formed the 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces . The name also applies to the navigators , bombardiers , mechanics , instructors , crew chiefs , nurses , cooks and other support personnel . </P> <P> All black military pilots who trained in the United States trained at Moton Field , the Tuskegee Army Air Field , and were educated at Tuskegee University , located near Tuskegee , Alabama . The group included five Haitians from the Haitian Air Force , and one pilot from Trinidad. . It also included a Hispanic or Latino airman born in the Dominican Republic . </P> <P> Although the 477th Bombardment Group trained with North American B - 25 Mitchell bombers , they never served in combat . The 99th Pursuit Squadron ( later , 99th Fighter Squadron ) was the first black flying squadron , and the first to deploy overseas ( to North Africa in April 1943 , and later to Sicily and Italy ) . The 332nd Fighter Group , which originally included the 100th , 301st , and 302nd Fighter Squadrons , was the first black flying group . It deployed to Italy in early 1944 . In June 1944 , the 332nd Fighter Group began flying heavy bomber escort missions , and in July 1944 , with the addition of the 99th Fighter Squadron , it had four fighter squadrons . </P> <P> The 99th Fighter Squadron was initially equipped with Curtiss P - 40 Warhawk fighter - bomber aircraft . The 332nd Fighter Group and its 100th , 301st and 302nd Fighter Squadrons were equipped for initial combat missions with Bell P - 39 Airacobras ( March 1944 ) , later with Republic P - 47 Thunderbolts ( June -- July 1944 ) , and finally with the aircraft with which they became most commonly associated , the North American P - 51 Mustang ( July 1944 ) . When the pilots of the 332nd Fighter Group painted the tails of their P - 47s red , the nickname `` Red Tails '' was coined . The red markings that distinguished the Tuskegee Airmen included red bands on the noses of P - 51s as well as a red rudder ; the P - 51B and D Mustangs flew with similar color schemes , with red propeller spinners , yellow wing bands and all - red tail surfaces . </P> <P> The Tuskegee Airmen were the first African - American military aviators in the United States Armed Forces . During World War II , black Americans in many U.S. states were still subject to the Jim Crow laws and the American military was racially segregated , as was much of the federal government . The Tuskegee Airmen were subjected to discrimination , both within and outside the army . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origins <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Background </Li> <Li> 1.2 Testing </Li> <Li> 1.3 The First Lady 's flight </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Formation </Li> <Li> 3 Combat assignment <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Active air units </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Tuskegee Airmen bomber units <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Formation </Li> <Li> 4.2 Command difficulties </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 War accomplishments <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Controversy over escort record </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Postwar </Li> <Li> 7 Legacy and honors </Li> <Li> 8 Artistic depictions of the Tuskegee Airmen </Li> <Li> 9 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 10 Squadron images </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 Notes </Li> <Li> 13 Citations </Li> <Li> 14 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origins ( edit ) </H2> See also : Civilian Pilot Training Program <H3> Background ( edit ) </H3> The P - 51C Mustang flown by Commemorative Air Force in the colors and markings of Lieutenant Colonel Lee Archer Tuskegee Airman P - 51 Mustang taken at Airventure . This particular P - 51C is part of the Red Tail Project The Stearman Kaydet training aircraft used by the Tuskegee Airmen , bearing the name Spirit of Tuskegee Portrait of Tuskegee airman Edward M. Thomas by photographer Toni Frissell , March 1945 <P> Before the Tuskegee Airmen , no African - American had been a U.S. military pilot . In 1917 , African - American men had tried to become aerial observers , but were rejected . African - American Eugene Bullard served in the French air service during World War I , because he was not allowed to serve in an American unit . Instead , Bullard returned to infantry duty with the French . </P> <P> The racially motivated rejections of World War I African - American recruits sparked more than two decades of advocacy

The first African American Air Force unit trained at

Where did the first african american air force unit train?

-8129143127887276431

106 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Transfer of Power '' </Td> <Td> Tony Goldwyn </Td> <Td> Matt Byrne & Mark Fish </Td> <Td> May 18 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> 616 </Td> <Td> 5.23 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 7 ( 2017 -- 18 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Scandal ( season 7 ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 107 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Watch Me '' </Td> <Td> Jann Turner </Td> <Td> Shonda Rhimes </Td> <Td> October 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> 701 </Td> <Td> 5.52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 108 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Pressing the Flesh '' </Td> <Td> Tony Goldwyn </Td> <Td> Matt Byrne </Td> <Td> October 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 702 </Td> <Td> 5.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 109 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Day 101 '' </Td> <Td> Scott Foley </Td> <Td> Zahir McGhee </Td> <Td> October 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 703 </Td> <Td> 4.70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 110 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Lost Girls '' </Td> <Td> Nicole Rubio </Td> <Td> Ameni Rozsa & Austin Guzman </Td> <Td> October 26 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> 704 </Td> <Td> 4.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 111 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Adventures in Babysitting '' </Td> <Td> Oliver Bokelberg </Td> <Td> Serveriano Canales & Tia Napolitano </Td> <Td> November 2 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 02 ) </Td> <Td> 705 </Td> <Td> 4.89 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 112 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Vampires and Bloodsuckers '' </Td> <Td> Jann Turner </Td> <Td> Chris Van Dusen & Tia Napolitano </Td> <Td> November 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 706 </Td> <Td> 5.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 113 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Something Borrowed '' </Td> <Td> Sharat Raju </Td> <Td> Mark Fish </Td> <Td> November 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> 707 </Td> <Td> 4.97 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 114 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Robin '' </Td> <Td> Daryn Okada </Td> <Td> Juan Carlos Fernandez </Td> <Td> January 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> 709 </Td> <Td> 5.17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 115 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Good People '' </Td> <Td> Nzingha Stewart </Td> <Td> Shonda Rhimes , Jess Brownell & Nicholas Nardini </Td> <Td> January 25 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 25 ) </Td> <Td> 708 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 116 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` The People v. Olivia Pope '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> February 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> 710 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 117 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` Army of One '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> February 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> 711 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 118 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> March 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Specials ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Narrator </Th> <Th> Aired between </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` The Secret is Out '' </Td> <Td> Joshua Malina as David Rosen </Td> <Td> `` White Hat 's Back On '' ( season two ) `` It 's Handled '' ( season three ) </Td> <Td> October 3 , 2013 ( 2013 - 10 - 03 ) </Td> <Td> 5.75 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Webisodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Gladiator wanted ( edit ) </H3> <P> A web series debuted prior to the sixth - season premiere and features Guillermo Diaz as Huck , Katie Lowes as Quinn , Cornelius Smith Jr. as Marcus and George Newbern as Charlie . All of the episodes were directed by Darby Stanchfield , who portrays Abby in the show . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` So You Want to Be a Gladiator in a Suit '' </Td> <Td> Darby Stanchfield </Td> <Td> Juan Carlos Fernandez </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` A Job to Kill For '' </Td> <Td> Darby Stanchfield </Td> <Td> Juan Carlos Fernandez </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Induction '' </Td> <Td> Darby Stanchfield </Td> <Td> Juan Carlos Fernandez </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Governments Fall '' </Td> <Td> Darby Stanchfield </Td> <Td> Juan Carlos Fernandez </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` By Dawn 's Early Light '' </Td> <Td> Darby Stanchfield </Td> <Td> Juan Carlos Fernandez </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Exit Interview '' </Td> <Td> Darby Stanchfield </Td> <Td> Juan Carlos Fernandez </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2>

The next episode of Scandal is coming out on

When is the next scandal episode coming out?

-3429928405660073272

Adobe Flash Player - wikipedia <H1> Adobe Flash Player </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Adobe Flash Player <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original author ( s ) </Th> <Td> FutureWave Macromedia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Adobe Systems </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Initial release </Th> <Td> 1996 ; 22 years ago ( 1996 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Stable release ( s ) ( ± ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Windows , macOS , Linux , Chrome OS </Th> <Td> 28.0. 0.137 / January 9 , 2018 ; 16 days ago ( 2018 - 01 - 09 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Android 4.0. x </Th> <Td> 11.1. 115.81 / September 10 , 2013 ; 4 years ago ( 2013 - 09 - 10 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Android 2. x and 3. x </Th> <Td> 11.1. 111.73 / September 10 , 2013 ; 4 years ago ( 2013 - 09 - 10 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Solaris </Th> <Td> 11.2. 202.223 / March 28 , 2012 ; 5 years ago ( 2012 - 03 - 28 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Preview release ( s ) ( ± ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Windows , macOS , Linux , Chrome OS </Th> <Td> 28.0. 0.152 Beta / January 24 , 2018 ; 1 day ago ( 2018 - 01 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written in </Th> <Td> C++ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Operating system </Th> <Td> Windows , macOS , Linux , Chrome OS , Solaris , BlackBerry Tablet OS , Android , and Pocket PC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Platform </Th> <Td> Web browsers and ActiveX - based software </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Available in </Th> <Td> Chinese Simplified , Chinese Traditional , English , French , German , Italian , Japanese , Polish , Russian , Spanish , Korean , and Turkish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Run - time environment , Media player , and Browser extension </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> License </Th> <Td> Freeware </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.adobe.com/products/flashplayer.html </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Adobe Flash Player ( labeled Shockwave Flash in Internet Explorer and Firefox ) is freeware software for using content created on the Adobe Flash platform , including viewing multimedia , executing rich Internet applications , and streaming video and audio . Flash Player can run from a web browser as a browser plug - in or on supported mobile devices . Flash Player was created by Macromedia and has been developed and distributed by Adobe Systems since Adobe acquired Macromedia . </P> <P> Flash Player runs SWF files that can be created by the Adobe Animate and Adobe Flash Professional authoring tools , by Adobe Flash Builder or by third party tools such as FlashDevelop . Flash Player supports vector and raster graphics , 3D graphics , an embedded scripting language called ActionScript , and streaming of video and audio . ActionScript is based on ECMAScript , and supports object - oriented code , and is similar to JavaScript . Flash Player has a wide user base , and is a common format for games , animations , and graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) embedded in web pages . Adobe stated in 2013 that more than 400 million out of over 1 billion connected desktops update to the new version of Flash Player within six weeks of release . </P> <P> Flash Player is distributed for free and its plug - in versions are available for every major web browser and operating system . Google Chrome comes bundled with the sandboxed Adobe Flash plug - in and Windows 8 and later come with their own integrated Flash Player ( for Internet Explorer and Edge ) . </P> <P> Flash Player has become increasingly criticized for its performance , consumption of battery on mobile devices , the number of security vulnerabilities that had been discovered in the software , and that Flash is a closed platform . Apple co-founder Steve Jobs was highly critical of Flash Player , having published an open letter detailing Apple 's reasoning for banning the Flash platform from being used on its iOS device family . Its usage has also waned due to modern web standards that allow some of Flash 's use cases to be fulfilled without third - party plugins . In July 2017 , Adobe announced that it would end support for Flash Player in 2020 , and continued to encourage the use of open HTML5 standards in place of Flash . The announcement was coordinated with Apple , Facebook , Google , Microsoft , and Mozilla . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Features <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Data formats </Li> <Li> 1.2 Multimedia formats </Li> <Li> 1.3 Streaming protocols </Li> <Li> 1.4 Performance <Ul> <Li> 1.4. 1 Hardware acceleration </Li> <Li> 1.4. 2 Compilation </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Development methods </Li> <Li> 3 Development tools <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Game development </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Availability <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Desktop platforms </Li> <Li> 4.2 Mobile platforms </Li> <Li> 4.3 Other hardware </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Open source </Li> <Li> 6 Criticism <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Usability </Li> <Li> 6.2 Privacy </Li> <Li> 6.3 Security </Li> <Li> 6.4 Vendor lock - in </Li> <Li> 6.5 Apple controversy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Release history </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References and notes </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Features ( edit ) </H2> <P> Adobe Flash Player is a runtime that executes and displays content from a provided SWF file , although it has no in - built features to modify the SWF file at runtime . It can execute software written in the ActionScript programming language which enables the runtime manipulation of text , data , vector graphics , raster graphics , sound and video . The

The most current Adobe Flash Player version is

What is the most current adobe flash player version?

8199559637713501129

The Sleeping Beauty ( ballet ) - wikipedia <H1> The Sleeping Beauty ( ballet ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th> Ballets by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> Swan Lake ( 1876 ) Sleeping Beauty ( 1889 ) The Nutcracker ( 1892 ) List of all compositions </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Sleeping Beauty ( Russian : Спящая красавица / Spyashchaya krasavitsa ) is a ballet in a prologue and three acts , first performed in 1890 . The music was composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( his opus 66 ) . The score was completed in 1889 , and is the second of his three ballets . The original scenario was conceived by Ivan Vsevolozhsky , and is based on Charles Perrault 's La Belle au bois dormant . The choreographer of the original production was Marius Petipa . </P> <P> The premiere performance took place at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg on January 15 , 1890 . The work has become one of the classical repertoire 's most famous ballets . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Composition history </Li> <Li> 1.2 Performance history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Roles and original cast </Li> <Li> 3 Instrumentation </Li> <Li> 4 Roles </Li> <Li> 5 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 6 Structure </Li> <Li> 7 Versions by other hands <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Piano arrangements </Li> <Li> 7.2 Aurora 's Wedding by Sergei Diaghilev </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Trademark controversy </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Video samples </Li> <Li> 10.2 Scores </Li> <Li> 10.3 History </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Composition history ( edit ) </H3> <P> Tchaikovsky was approached by the Director of the Imperial Theatres in St. Petersburg , Ivan Vsevolozhsky on 25 May 1888 about a possible ballet adaptation on the subject of the story of Undine . It was later decided that Charles Perrault 's La Belle au bois dormant would be the story for which Tchaikovsky would compose the music for the ballet . Tchaikovsky did not hesitate to accept the commission , although he was aware that his only previous ballet , Swan Lake , met with little enthusiasm at that stage of his career . </P> <P> The ballet scenario that Tchaikovsky worked on was based on the Brothers Grimm 's version of Perrault 's work entitled ' Dornröschen ' . In that version , the Princess 's parents ( the King and the Queen ) survived the 100 - year sleep to celebrate the Princess 's wedding to the Prince . However , Vsevolozhsky incorporated Perrault 's other characters from his stories into the ballet , such as Puss in Boots , Little Red Riding Hood , Cinderella , Bluebird , Bluebeard , Ricky of the Tuft and Tom Thumb . Other French fairy tale characters to be featured are Beauty and the Beast , Pretty Goldilocks and The White Cat . Regardless , Tchaikovsky was happy to inform the Director of the Imperial Theatre that he had great pleasure studying the work and had come away with adequate inspiration to do it justice . </P> <P> The choreographer was Marius Petipa , ballet master of the Imperial Ballet , who wrote a very detailed list of instructions as to the musical requirements . Tchaikovsky worked quickly on the new work at Frolovskoye ; he began initial sketches in the winter of 1888 and began orchestration on the work on 30 May 1889 . </P> <P> The ballet 's focus was undeniably on the two main conflicting forces of good ( the Lilac Fairy ) and evil ( Carabosse ) ; each has a leitmotif representing them , which run through the entire ballet , serving as an important thread to the underlying plot . Act III of the work , however , takes a complete break from the two motifs and instead places focus on the individual characters of the various court dances . </P> <H3> Performance history ( edit ) </H3> <P> St. Petersburg premiere ( world premiere ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Date : 15 January 1890 </Li> <Li> Place : Imperial Mariinsky Theatre , St. Petersburg </Li> <Li> Balletmaster : Marius Petipa </Li> <Li> Conductor : Riccardo Drigo </Li> <Li> Scene Designers : Henrich Levogt ( Prologue ) , Ivan Andreyev ( Act 1 ) , Mikhail Bocharov ( Acts 1 & 2 ) , Matvey Shishkov ( Act 3 ) </Li> <Li> Costumes : Ivan Vsevolozhsky </Li> </Ul> <P> Moscow premiere </P> <Ul> <Li> Date : 17 January 1899 </Li> <Li> Place : Moscow Imperial Bolshoi Theatre </Li> <Li> Balletmaster : Aleksandr Gorsky </Li> <Li> Conductor : Andrey Arends </Li> <Li> Scene Designers : Anatoliy Geltser , Karl Valts ( Waltz ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Other notable productions </P> <Ul> <Li> 1896 , Milan , La Scala , staged by Giorgio Saracco , Carlotta Brianza as Aurora </Li> <Li> 1921 , London , Alhambra Theatre , as The Sleeping Princess , Diaghilev production , staged by Nikolay Sergeyev , scenes by Léon Bakst </Li> <Li> 1937 , Philadelphia , staged by Catherine Littlefield </Li> <Li> 1946 , London , Royal Opera House debut , performed by the Sadler 's Wells Ballet . </Li> <Li> 1968 , London , with the London Festival Ballet at the Royal Festival Hall </Li> <Li> 1990 , San Francisco , with San Francisco Ballet as choreographed by Helgi Tómasson in tribute to Tchaikovsky , and with a focus on maintaining the Russian - French connection </Li> <Li> 1992 , Basel Theater Basel reworked by Youri Vámos with new narrative involving the life of Anna Anderson and her claim to be Grand Duchess Anastasia . The order of musical numbers has been slightly changed , some numbers omitted with other music by Tchaikovsky added and major set pieces of Petipa 's choreography retained , but now placed in different narrative context - often

Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker are three famous ballets by

Swan lake the sleeping beauty and the nutcracker are three famous ballets by?

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starring role and recurring actor Joel de la Fuente 's not appearing for the first time since 2002 . Of the latter change , Warren Leight said , `` those scenes ( which featured Fuente ) can be dry '' and hired Gilbert Gottfried as a more comedic replacement . In addition to these changes , Linus Roache became a recurring cast member in his role of Michael Cutter , whom he played on Law & Order ; on SVU former Executive ADA Cutter serves as the Bureau Chief for ADAs attached to the Special Victims Unit . </P> <P> In season 14 , Raúl Esparza joined the cast in a recurring capacity as ADA Rafael Barba and prior to the season 15 premiere , Esparza was promoted to a series regular . Also in season 15 , Belzer departed the cast in the fifth episode , `` Wonderland Story '' , in which Sgt . Munch retired from the NYPD and took a job in the DA 's office as an investigator . Later in the season , Captain Cragen announced his departure from the NYPD , which made newly promoted Sgt . Benson the temporary squad commander . In leaving the cast , Florek ended a 400 - episode run as Captain Cragen . In season 16 , Peter Scanavino joined the series , first in a recurring role for episodes 1 -- 3 and then was promoted to the main cast in episode 5 , with Kelli Giddish , Danny Pino , Ice - T and Raúl Esparza no longer appearing in every episode . On May 20 , 2015 , it was revealed that Danny Pino would be leaving the cast after the season 16 finale `` Surrendering Noah '' . </P> <P> In August 2017 , it was announced that Philip Winchester will recur in season 19 as ADA Peter Stone , his character from Chicago P.D. and Chicago Justice , who is the son of Benjamin Stone , the ADA on the original Law & Order show . It was later also announced that Brooke Shields was enlisted to assume a major recurring role starting in Season 19 of the long - running dramatic series . </P> <H3> Salaries ( edit ) </H3> <P> By season twelve , both Mariska Hargitay and Christopher Meloni had become among the highest - paid lead actors on a drama , with each earning nearly $400,000 per episode , a salary that TV Guide said was exceeded only by House 's Hugh Laurie . During season sixteen , Hargitay was reported to be earning $450,000 per episode , or $10,350,000 per season , In season seventeen , her salary increased to $500,000 per episode . </P> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit characters <Table> <Tr> <Th> Cast </Th> <Th> Character </Th> <Th> Rank / Position </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Seasons </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Regular </Th> <Th> Recurring </Th> <Th> Guest </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Christopher Meloni </Td> <Td> Elliot Stabler </Td> <Td> Detective </Td> <Td> 1 -- 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mariska Hargitay </Td> <Td> Olivia Benson </Td> <Td> Lieutenant </Td> <Td> 1 -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Richard Belzer </Td> <Td> John Munch </Td> <Td> DA Investigator </Td> <Td> 1 -- 15 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 15 , 17 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dann Florek </Td> <Td> Donald Cragen </Td> <Td> Captain </Td> <Td> 1 -- 15 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michelle Hurd </Td> <Td> Monique Jeffries </Td> <Td> Detective </Td> <Td> 1 -- 2 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stephanie March </Td> <Td> Alexandra Cabot </Td> <Td> Assistant District Attorney </Td> <Td> 2 -- 5 , 11 </Td> <Td> 2 , 10 , 13 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice - T </Td> <Td> Odafin `` Fin '' Tutuola </Td> <Td> Detective </Td> <Td> 2 -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tamara Tunie </Td> <Td> Melinda Warner </Td> <Td> Medical Examiner </Td> <Td> 7 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 6 , 13 -- 17 </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> B.D. Wong </Td> <Td> George Huang </Td> <Td> FBI Special Agent </Td> <Td> 4 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 3 </Td> <Td> 13 -- 15 , 17 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Diane Neal </Td> <Td> Casey Novak </Td> <Td> Senior Assistant District Attorney </Td> <Td> 5 -- 9 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Adam Beach </Td> <Td> Chester Lake </Td> <Td> Detective </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michaela McManus </Td> <Td> Kim Greylek </Td> <Td> Assistant District Attorney </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Danny Pino </Td> <Td> Nick Amaro </Td> <Td> Detective </Td> <Td> 13 -- 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kelli Giddish </Td> <Td> Amanda Rollins </Td> <Td> Detective </Td> <Td> 13 -- </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Raúl Esparza </Td> <Td> Rafael Barba </Td> <Td> Assistant District Attorney </Td> <Td> 15 -- </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Peter Scanavino </Td> <Td> Dominick Carisi Jr . </Td> <Td> Detective </Td> <Td> 16 -- </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Positions </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Olivia Benson was previously a Detective ( seasons 1 -- 15 ) and a Sergeant ( seasons 15 -- 17 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ John Munch was previously a Detective ( seasons 1 -- 8 ) and a Sergeant ( seasons 9 -- 15 ) ; the character , played by Belzer , first appeared on Homicide : Life on the Street ( 1993 - 99 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Captain Donald

The cast of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit includes

Cast of law & order special victim unit?

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<Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> EU Parliament </Th> <Td> Yorkshire and the Humber </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Parliament </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> York Outer </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Dl> <Dt> List of places </Dt> <Dd> UK </Dd> <Dd> England </Dd> <Dd> Yorkshire </Dd> </Dl> 53 ° 59 ′ 31 '' N 1 ° 04 ′ 21 '' W  /  53.992020 ° N 1.072380 ° W  / 53.992020 ; - 1.072380 Coordinates : 53 ° 59 ′ 31 '' N 1 ° 04 ′ 21 '' W  /  53.992020 ° N 1.072380 ° W  / 53.992020 ; - 1.072380 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> New Earswick is a model village and civil parish in the unitary authority of City of York in North Yorkshire , England , near the River Foss , north of York and south of Haxby . According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 2,812 , reducing to 2,737 at the 2011 Census . Before 1996 it had been part of the Ryedale district . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Governance </Li> <Li> 3 Community </Li> <Li> 4 Geography </Li> <Li> 5 Economy </Li> <Li> 6 Transport </Li> <Li> 7 Education </Li> <Li> 8 Religious sites </Li> <Li> 9 Sport </Li> <Li> 10 Gallery </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The village of New Earswick was built as a genuine mixed community . There was housing for both workers and managers , in a green setting with gardens for each home with its own 2 fruit trees . It was founded by the York philanthropist , Joseph Rowntree , who was quoted as saying , `` I do not want to establish communities bearing the stamp of charity but rather of rightly ordered and self governing communities '' . The first 28 houses were built between 1902 and 1904 by the architect Raymond Unwin , after which the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust ( now the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust ) was established to continue building and manage the new village . The Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust is part of the Joseph Rowntree Foundation . </P> <P> The village had contemporaries such as Bournville , Saltaire , Port Sunlight and others . This was in sharp contrast to the slums that had developed in York and other cities during the previous century , the deprivation of which had been revealed in Seebohm Rowntree 's report of 1901 , entitled Poverty : a study of town life . It revealed appalling statistics of dark , overcrowded and insanitary housing . </P> <P> As a result of the report , Joseph Rowntree 's conviction that it must be possible to provide better housing for people on low incomes led him to acquire 150 acres of land near the village of Earswick , two and a half miles to the north of the centre of York . The planner Raymond Unwin and the architect Barry Parker were commissioned to produce an overall plan for a new ' garden ' village and the detailed designs for its first houses . They also designed the garden cities of Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City . </P> <P> The building of New Earswick created a balanced village community where rents were kept low , but still represented a modest commercial return on the capital invested . Houses were open to any working people , not just Rowntree employees . The village was to be a demonstration of good practice . </P> <P> The Trust Deed of the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust , which was set up in 1904 to build and manage New Earswick , safeguarded generous open green space . All the grass verges were planted with trees after which almost all the roads are named . The village was built with bricks that were made in the brickworks on the outskirts of New Earswick . From 1950 the brickyard , which closed down in the 1930s , was developed into a nature reserve . </P> <P> Due to their religious beliefs , The Rowntree family decreed there would not be a public house in the village . There never has been , although the Sports Club obtained a drink 's license in the 1980s . </P> <H2> Governance ( edit ) </H2> <P> New Earswick is part of the Huntington & New Earswick Ward of the City of York Council . As of 2010 it is represented by Keith Hyman , Keith Orrel and Carol Runciman who are all members of the local Liberal Democrat Party . </P> <P> A Parish Council was created in 1934 consisting of ten elected councillors and a clerk . </P> <H2> Community ( edit ) </H2> <P> There is a local community centre , the Folk Hall , which hosts activities such as keep - fit , yoga , snooker , and a junior youth club . New Earswick has recreational facilities , including a swimming pool ( due for closure without public consultation ) , tennis courts and football , rugby and cricket pitches at the New Earswick Sports and Social Club . There were two open access play areas close to the Folk Hall , including a hard surface play area which have recently been bulldozed for a development of houses . There is a library based in the Integrated Children 's Centre at the local primary school , a doctor 's surgery and a range of shops , including two general stores , a pet shop and Post Office . As of 2017 the Post Office is situated within the Folk Hall . </P> <P> The village has 36 allotments in two areas , Willow Bank and Sleeper Path . </P> <P> In the 1960s , the Folk Hall was a live music venue featuring the likes of Procol Harum and Pink Floyd . </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> <P> The River Foss runs along the eastern boundary of New

The garden city of New Earswick was designed by

Who designed the garden city of new earswick?

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The lower Cambrian had a burst of apparently rapid evolution , called the `` Cambrian explosion '' . One of the many hypotheses for `` causes '' of the Cambrian explosion is the `` Light Switch '' theory of Andrew Parker : It holds that the evolution of eyes started an arms race that accelerated evolution . Before the Cambrian explosion , animals may have sensed light , but did not use it for fast locomotion or navigation by vision . </P> <P> The rate of eye evolution is difficult to estimate , because the fossil record , particularly of the lower Cambrian , is poor . How fast a circular patch of photoreceptor cells evolve into a fully functional vertebrate eye has been estimated based on rates of mutation , relative advantage to the organism , and natural selection . However , the time needed for each state was consistently overestimated and the generation time was set to one year , which is common in small animals . Even with these pessimistic values , the vertebrate eye would still evolve from a patch of photoreceptor cells in less than 364,000 years . </P> <H2> One origin or many ? ( edit ) </H2> <P> Whether the eye evolved once or many times depends on the definition of an eye . All eyed animals share much of the genetic machinery for eye development . This suggests that the ancestor of eyed animals had some form of light - sensitive machinery -- even if it was not a dedicated optical organ . However , even photoreceptor cells may have evolved more than once from molecularly similar chemoreceptor cells . Probably , photoreceptor cells existed long before the Cambrian explosion . Higher - level similarities -- such as the use of the protein crystallin in the independently derived cephalopod and vertebrate lenses -- reflect the co-option of a more fundamental protein to a new function within the eye . </P> <P> A shared trait common to all light - sensitive organs are opsins . Opsins belong to a family of photo - sensitive proteins and fall into nine groups , which already existed in the urbilaterian , the last common ancestor of all bilateral symmetrical animals . Additionally , the genetic toolkit for positioning eyes is shared by all animals : The PAX6 gene controls where eyes develop in animals ranging from octopuses to mice and fruit flies . Such high - level genes are , by implication , much older than many of the structures that they control today ; they must originally have served a different purpose , before they were co-opted for eye development . </P> <P> Eyes and other sensory organs probably evolved before the brain : There is no need for an information - processing organ ( brain ) before there is information to process . </P> <H2> Stages of eye evolution ( edit ) </H2> The stigma ( 2 ) of the euglena hides a light - sensitive spot . <P> The earliest predecessors of the eye were photoreceptor proteins that sense light , found even in unicellular organisms , called `` eyespots '' . Eyespots can only sense ambient brightness : they can distinguish light from dark , sufficient for photoperiodism and daily synchronization of circadian rhythms . They are insufficient for vision , as they can not distinguish shapes or determine the direction light is coming from . Eyespots are found in nearly all major animal groups , and are common among unicellular organisms , including euglena . The euglena 's eyespot , called a stigma , is located at its anterior end . It is a small splotch of red pigment which shades a collection of light sensitive crystals . Together with the leading flagellum , the eyespot allows the organism to move in response to light , often toward the light to assist in photosynthesis , and to predict day and night , the primary function of circadian rhythms . Visual pigments are located in the brains of more complex organisms , and are thought to have a role in synchronising spawning with lunar cycles . By detecting the subtle changes in night - time illumination , organisms could synchronise the release of sperm and eggs to maximise the probability of fertilisation . </P> <P> Vision itself relies on a basic biochemistry which is common to all eyes . However , how this biochemical toolkit is used to interpret an organism 's environment varies widely : eyes have a wide range of structures and forms , all of which have evolved quite late relative to the underlying proteins and molecules . </P> <P> At a cellular level , there appear to be two main `` designs '' of eyes , one possessed by the protostomes ( molluscs , annelid worms and arthropods ) , the other by the deuterostomes ( chordates and echinoderms ) . </P> <P> The functional unit of the eye is the photoreceptor cell , which contains the opsin proteins and responds to light by initiating a nerve impulse . The light sensitive opsins are borne on a hairy layer , to maximise the surface area . The nature of these `` hairs '' differs , with two basic forms underlying photoreceptor structure : microvilli and cilia . In the eyes of protostomes , they are microvilli : extensions or protrusions of the cellular membrane . But in the eyes of deuterostomes , they are derived from cilia , which are separate structures . However , outside the eyes an organism may use the other type of photoreceptor cells , for instance the clamworm Platynereis dumerilii uses microvilliar cells in the eyes but has additionally deep brain ciliary photoreceptor cells . The actual derivation may be more complicated , as some microvilli contain traces of cilia -- but other observations appear to support a fundamental difference between protostomes and deuterostomes . These considerations centre on the response of the cells to light -- some use sodium to cause the electric signal that will form a nerve impulse , and others use potassium ;

The first step in the evolution of the eye is the development of

What is the first step in the evolution of the eye?

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The Curse of Oak Island - wikipedia <H1> The Curse of Oak Island </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Curse of Oak Island </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Reality </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Narrated by </Th> <Td> Robert Clotworthy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Kevin Burns </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multiple </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 43 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Prometheus Entertainment </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> A&E Networks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> History Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> January 5 , 2014 ( 2014 - 01 - 05 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Production website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Curse of Oak Island is an active reality television series that first premiered in Canada on the History network on January 5 , 2014 . The show features what is known as the Oak Island mystery , showing efforts to search for historical artifacts and treasure . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Background </Li> <Li> 1.2 Theories </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Series overview </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Season 1 ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> 4.2 Season 2 ( 2014 -- 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 4.3 Season 3 ( 2015 -- 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 4.4 Season 4 ( 2016 -- 2017 ) </Li> <Li> 4.5 Season 5 ( 2017 -- 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Further reading </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Curse of Oak Island follows brothers Marty and Rick Lagina , originally from Kingsford , Michigan , through their efforts to find the speculated treasure or historical artifacts believed to be on Oak Island . The series discusses the history of the island , recent discoveries , theories , and prior attempts to investigate the site . Areas of interest include the `` Money Pit '' , Borehole 10 - x , Smith 's Cove , `` Nolan 's Cross '' , the `` Hatch '' , the `` Watchtower '' and the `` Swamp '' . </P> <H3> Background ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Lagina brothers became fascinated with the island after reading the January 1965 issue of Reader 's Digest magazine that features an article on the Restall family 's work to investigate the so - called `` Money Pit '' . Marty and his brother Rick obtained a controlling interest in Oak Island Tours , which reportedly owns most of the island . The brothers were later approached by Prometheus Entertainment to do a reality show . Rick and Marty have engaged the assistance of father - and - son Dan and Dave Blankenship , permanent residents of the island who have likewise been searching for treasure since the 1960s . </P> <H3> Theories ( edit ) </H3> <P> The series explores various Oak Island theories and conjectures through conversations with independent researchers . Persons featured have included Zena Halpern discussing her theory about North African gold and sharing copies of a French map of the island which she claims is dated 1347 ; J. Hutton Pulitzer discussing his theory of ancient mariner visitations ; Petter Amundsen discussing his theory about codes hidden in Shakespearen literature and a secret project involving Sir Francis Bacon and the Rosicrucians ; Daniel Ronnstam discussing his theory about the 90 foot stone being a dual cypher containing instructions as how to defeat the money pit flood tunnels with corn ; authors Kathleen McGowen and Alen Butler discussing their theory involving the fabled Knights Templar treasure and an alleged relocation of historical religious artifacts to the island ; and John O'Brien discussing his theory that the island contains treasures of the Aztec Empire . It has also been suggested by Zena Halpern , without evidence , that the Templars worshipped the Phoenician goddess Tanit . </P> <H2> Series overview ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 5 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> January 5 , 2014 ( 2014 - 01 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> February 9 , 2014 ( 2014 - 02 - 09 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> November 4 , 2014 ( 2014 - 11 - 04 ) </Td> <Td> January 13 , 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 13 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 13 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> November 10 , 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> February 2 , 2016 ( 2016 - 02 - 02 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 16 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> November 15 , 2016 ( 2016 - 11 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> February 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 21 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 5 </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 18 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> November 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> March 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 06 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Having started in 2014 , The Curse of Oak Island is currently in its fifth season . On August 2 , 2016 , it was announced that Nova Scotia Business Inc. approved $1,271,546 in film funding for the production of the 4th season . In October 2017

The TV show "The Curse of

Where is the tv show the curse of oak island filmed?

-2162391145049066060

Director of the United States Mint - wikipedia <H1> Director of the United States Mint </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Seal of the United States Mint . <P> The Director of the United States Mint is the head of the United States Mint . The position is currently vacant . Since January 20 , 2017 , the senior career official at the Mint has been Acting Principal Deputy Director David Motl . </P> <P> The office of Director has existed since the creation of the Mint by the Coinage Act of 1792 . Initially appointed serving at the pleasure of the President of the United States , the Coinage Act of 1873 specified a five - year term for Directors . The Director operates with general directions provided by the United States Secretary of the Treasury . </P> <P> Since the resignation of Edmund C. Moy in 2011 the mint has been without an official director . Initially Matthew Rhett Jeppson was nominated by US President Barack Obama to become the mint 's 39th director and was given the temporary title of principal deputy director , however the nomination was never confirmed by the Senate . Jeppson stepped down as principal deputy director in January 2017 , being replaced by Acting Principal Deputy Director David Motl . </P> <H2> List of Directors of the United States Mint ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Assumed Office </Th> <Th> Left Office </Th> <Th> President Appointed By </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> David Rittenhouse </Td> <Td> April 1792 </Td> <Td> June 1795 </Td> <Td> George Washington </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Henry William de Saussure </Td> <Td> July 1795 </Td> <Td> October 1795 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elias Boudinot </Td> <Td> October 1795 </Td> <Td> July 1805 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Patterson </Td> <Td> January 1806 </Td> <Td> July 1824 </Td> <Td> Thomas Jefferson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Samuel Moore </Td> <Td> July 1824 </Td> <Td> July 1835 </Td> <Td> James Monroe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert M. Patterson </Td> <Td> May 1835 </Td> <Td> July 1851 </Td> <Td> Andrew Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> George Nicholas Eckert </Td> <Td> July 1851 </Td> <Td> April 1853 </Td> <Td> Millard Fillmore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Thomas M. Pettit </Td> <Td> April 1853 </Td> <Td> May 1853 </Td> <Td> Franklin Pierce </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James Ross Snowden </Td> <Td> June 1853 </Td> <Td> May 1861 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James Pollock </Td> <Td> May 1861 </Td> <Td> September 1866 </Td> <Td> Abraham Lincoln </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> William Millward </Td> <Td> October 1866 </Td> <Td> April 1867 </Td> <Td> Andrew Johnson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Henry Linderman </Td> <Td> April 1867 </Td> <Td> May 1869 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James Pollock </Td> <Td> May 1869 </Td> <Td> March 1873 </Td> <Td> Ulysses S. Grant </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Henry Linderman </Td> <Td> April 1873 </Td> <Td> December 1878 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Horatio C. Burchard </Td> <Td> February 1879 </Td> <Td> June 1885 </Td> <Td> Rutherford B. Hayes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James P. Kimball </Td> <Td> July 1885 </Td> <Td> October 1889 </Td> <Td> Grover Cleveland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Edward O. Leech </Td> <Td> October 1889 </Td> <Td> May 1893 </Td> <Td> Benjamin Harrison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert E. Preston </Td> <Td> November 1893 </Td> <Td> February 1898 </Td> <Td> Grover Cleveland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> George E. Roberts </Td> <Td> February 1898 </Td> <Td> July 1907 </Td> <Td> William McKinley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Frank A. Leach </Td> <Td> September 1907 </Td> <Td> August 1909 </Td> <Td> Theodore Roosevelt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> A. Piatt Andrew </Td> <Td> November 1909 </Td> <Td> June 1910 </Td> <Td> William Howard Taft </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> George E. Roberts </Td> <Td> July 1910 </Td> <Td> November 1914 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert W. Woolley </Td> <Td> March 1915 </Td> <Td> July 1916 </Td> <Td> Woodrow Wilson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> F.H. von Engelken </Td> <Td> September 1916 </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Raymond T. Baker </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> <Td> March 1922 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Frank Edgar Scobey </Td> <Td> March 1922 </Td> <Td> September 1923 </Td> <Td> Warren G. Harding </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert J. Grant </Td> <Td> November 1923 </Td> <Td> May 1933 </Td> <Td> Calvin Coolidge </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nellie Tayloe Ross </Td> <Td> May 1933 </Td> <Td> April 1953 </Td> <Td> Franklin D. Roosevelt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> William H. Brett </Td> <Td> July 1954 </Td> <Td> January 1961 </Td> <Td> Dwight D. Eisenhower </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eva Adams </Td> <Td> October 1961 </Td> <Td> August 1969 </Td> <Td> John F. Kennedy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mary Brooks </Td> <Td> September 1969 </Td> <Td> February 1977 </Td> <Td> Richard Nixon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stella Hackel Sims </Td> <Td> November 1977 </Td> <Td> April 1981 </Td> <Td> Jimmy Carter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Donna Pope </Td> <Td> July 1981 </Td> <Td> August 1991 </Td> <Td> Ronald Reagan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> David J. Ryder </Td> <Td> September 1992 </Td> <Td> November 1993 </Td> <Td> George H.W. Bush </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Philip N. Diehl </Td> <Td> June 1994 </Td> <Td> March 2000 </Td> <Td> Bill Clinton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jay W. Johnson </Td> <Td> May 2000 </Td> <Td> August 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Henrietta H. Fore </Td> <Td> August 2001 </Td> <Td> August 2005 </Td> <Td> George W. Bush </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Edmund C. Moy </Td> <Td> September 2006 </Td> <Td> January 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> David J. Ryder </Td> <Td> April 2018 </Td> <Td> Incumbent </Td> <Td> Donald Trump </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ About the Mint at usmint.gov ( retrieved 20 April 2015 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gilkes , Paul ( 23 January 2017 ) . `` Rhett Jeppson leaves U.S. Mint as principal deputy director '' . coinworld.com . Retrieved 13 April 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Director 's Office '' . US Mint . Retrieved 13 April

The current director of the US Mint is

Who is the current director of the us mint?

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receive the attention of investors . </P> <H3> Pricing ( edit ) </H3> <P> After the 2007 financial crisis , major suppliers such as Sociedad Química y Minera ( SQM ) dropped lithium carbonate pricing by 20 % . Prices rose in 2012 . A 2012 Business Week article outlined the oligopoly in the lithium space : `` SQM , controlled by billionaire Julio Ponce , is the second - largest , followed by Rockwood , which is backed by Henry Kravis 's KKR & Co. , and Philadelphia - based FMC '' . Global consumption may jump to 300,000 metric tons a year by 2020 from about 150,000 tons in 2012 , to match the demand for lithium batteries that has been growing at about 25 % a year , outpacing the 4 % to 5 % overall gain in lithium production . </P> <H3> Extraction ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lithium salts are extracted from water in mineral springs , brine pools , and brine deposits . </P> <P> Lithium is present in seawater , but commercially viable methods of extraction have yet to be developed . </P> <P> Another potential source of lithium is the leachates of geothermal wells , which are carried to the surface . Recovery of lithium has been demonstrated in the field ; the lithium is separated by simple filtration . The process and environmental costs are primarily those of the already - operating well ; net environmental impacts may thus be positive . </P> <H2> Uses ( edit ) </H2> Estimates of global lithium uses in 2015 Ceramics and glass ( 32 % ) Batteries ( 35 % ) Lubricating greases ( 9 % ) Continuous casting ( 5 % ) Air treatment ( 5 % ) Polymers ( 4 % ) Primary aluminum production ( 1 % ) Pharmaceuticals ( < 1 % ) Other ( 9 % ) <H3> Ceramics and glass ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lithium oxide is widely used as a flux for processing silica , reducing the melting point and viscosity of the material and leading to glazes with improved physical properties including low coefficients of thermal expansion . Worldwide , this is one of the largest use for lithium compounds . Glazes containing lithium oxides are used for ovenware . Lithium carbonate ( Li CO ) is generally used in this application because it converts to the oxide upon heating . </P> <H3> Electrical and electronics ( edit ) </H3> <P> Late in the 20th century , lithium became an important component of battery electrolytes and electrodes , because of its high electrode potential . Because of its low atomic mass , it has a high charge - and power - to - weight ratio . A typical lithium - ion battery can generate approximately 3 volts per cell , compared with 2.1 volts for lead - acid or 1.5 volts for zinc - carbon cells . Lithium - ion batteries , which are rechargeable and have a high energy density , should not be confused with lithium batteries , which are disposable ( primary ) batteries with lithium or its compounds as the anode . Other rechargeable batteries that use lithium include the lithium - ion polymer battery , lithium iron phosphate battery , and the nanowire battery . </P> <H3> Lubricating greases ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Lithium grease <P> The third most common use of lithium is in greases . Lithium hydroxide is a strong base and , when heated with a fat , produces a soap made of lithium stearate . Lithium soap has the ability to thicken oils , and it is used to manufacture all - purpose , high - temperature lubricating greases . </P> <H3> Metallurgy ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lithium ( e.g. as lithium carbonate ) is used as an additive to continuous casting mould flux slags where it increases fluidity , a use which accounts for 5 % of global lithium use ( 2011 ) . Lithium compounds are also used as additives ( fluxes ) to foundry sand for iron casting to reduce veining . </P> <P> Lithium ( as lithium fluoride ) is used as an additive to aluminium smelters ( Hall -- Héroult process ) , reducing melting temperature and increasing electrical resistance , a use which accounts for 3 % of production ( 2011 ) . </P> <P> When used as a flux for welding or soldering , metallic lithium promotes the fusing of metals during the process and eliminates the forming of oxides by absorbing impurities . Alloys of the metal with aluminium , cadmium , copper and manganese are used to make high - performance aircraft parts ( see also Lithium - aluminium alloys ) . </P> <H3> Silicon nano - welding ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lithium has been found effective in assisting the perfection of silicon nano - welds in electronic components for electric batteries and other devices . </P> <H3> Other chemical and industrial uses ( edit ) </H3> Lithium use in flares and pyrotechnics is due to its rose - red flame . Pyrotechnics ( edit ) <P> Lithium compounds are used as pyrotechnic colorants and oxidizers in red fireworks and flares . </P> Air purification ( edit ) <P> Lithium chloride and lithium bromide are hygroscopic and are used as desiccants for gas streams . Lithium hydroxide and lithium peroxide are the salts most used in confined areas , such as aboard spacecraft and submarines , for carbon dioxide removal and air purification . Lithium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide from the air by forming lithium carbonate , and is preferred over other alkaline hydroxides for its low weight . </P> <P> Lithium peroxide ( Li O ) in presence of moisture not only reacts with carbon dioxide to form lithium carbonate , but also releases oxygen . The reaction is as follows : </P> <Dl> <Dd> 2 Li O + 2 CO → 2 Li CO + O . </Dd> </Dl> <P> Some of the aforementioned compounds , as well as lithium perchlorate , are used

The main mineral in

What is the main mineral in lithium batteries?

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constitution were made deleting or adding or diluting the fundamental rights before the judgement of Golaknath case ( Constitutional amendments 1 , 4 , 7 and 16 ) and after the validity of 24th constitutional amendment is upheld by the Supreme Court ( Constitutional amendments 25 , 42 , 44 , 50 , 77 , 81 , 85 , 86 , 93 and 97 ) . </P> <H3> Validity of Article 31B ( edit ) </H3> <P> Articles 31A and Article 31B are added by First constitutional amendment in 1951 . Article 31B says that any acts and regulations included in the Ninth Schedule of the constitution by the Parliament can override the fundamental rights and such laws can not be repealed or made void by the judiciary on the grounds of violating fundamental rights . Thus fundamental rights given in Part III are not equally applicable in each state / region and can be made different by making additions / deletions to Ninth Schedule by constitutional amendments . In 2007 , Supreme Court ruled that there could not be any blanket immunity from judicial review for the laws inserted in the Ninth Schedule . Apex court also stated it shall examine laws included in the Ninth Schedule after 1973 for any incompatibility with the basic structure doctrine . </P> <H3> Amendment to Article 31C ( edit ) </H3> <P> Section 4 of the 42nd Amendment , had changed Article 31C of the constitution to accord precedence to the Directive Principles ( earlier applicable only to clauses b & c of Article 39 ) over the fundamental rights of individuals . In Minerva Mills v. Union of India case , supreme court ruled that the amendment to the Article 31C is not valid and ultra vires . </P> <H3> Right to property ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Constitution originally provided for the right to property under Articles 19 and 31 . Article 19 guaranteed to all citizens the right to acquire , hold and dispose of property . Article 31 provided that `` no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law . '' It also provided that compensation would be paid to a person whose property has been taken for public purposes . </P> <P> The provisions relating to the right to property were changed a number of times . The Forty - Fourth Amendment of 1978 deleted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights A new provision , Article 300 - A , was added to the constitution , which provided that `` no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law '' . Thus if a legislature makes a law depriving a person of his property , there would be no obligation on the part of the State to pay anything as compensation . The aggrieved person shall have no right to move the court under Article 32 . Thus , the right to property is no longer a fundamental right , though it is still a constitutional right . If the government appears to have acted unfairly , the action can be challenged in a court of law by aggrieved citizens . </P> <P> The liberalisation of the economy and the government 's initiative to set up special economic zones has led to many protests by farmers and have led to calls for the reinstatement of the fundamental right to private property . The Supreme Court has sent a notice to the government questioning why the right should not be brought back but in 2010 the court rejected the PIL </P> <H3> Right to education ( edit ) </H3> <P> The right to education at elementary level has been made one of the fundamental rights in 2002 under the Eighty - Sixth Amendment of 2002 . However this right was brought in to implementation after eight years in 2010 . Article 21A -- On 2 April 2010 , India joined a group of few countries in the world , with a historic law making education a fundamental right of every child coming into force . Making elementary education an entitlement for children in the 6 -- 14 age group , the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act will directly benefit children who do not go to school at present . This act provides for appointment of teachers with the requisite entry and academic qualifications . </P> <P> The former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh announced the operationalisation of the Act . Children , who had either dropped out of schools or never been to any educational institution , will get elementary education as it will be binding on the part of the local and State governments to ensure that all children in the 6 -- 14 age group get schooling . As per the Act , private educational institutions should reserve 25 per cent seats for children from the weaker sections of society . The Centre and the States have agreed to share the financial burden in the ratio of 55 : 45 , while the Finance Commission has given Rs. 250 billion to the States for implementing the Act . The Centre has approved an outlay of Rs. 150 billion for 2010 -- 2011 . </P> <P> The school management committee or the local authority will identify the drop - outs or out - of - school children aged above six and admit them in classes appropriate to their age after giving special training . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikisource has original text related to this article : Constitution of India / Part III </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lawmaking procedure in India </Li> <Li> President 's rule </Li> <Li> President of India </Li> <Li> Federalism in India </Li> <Li> Part I of the Constitution of India </Li> <Li> List of amendments of the Constitution of India </Li> <Li> List of Acts of the Parliament of India </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-41033954 </Li> <Li> Jump up

According to the Constitution of India, the right to property is a

Right to property according to the constitution of india is a?

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) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> State courts </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Local government </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Other countries </Li> <Li> Atlas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The President of the United States ( POTUS / ˈpoʊtəs / POH - təs ) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America . The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander - in - chief of the United States Armed Forces . </P> <P> In contemporary times , the president is looked upon as the world 's most powerful political figure and as the leader of the only current global superpower . The role includes responsibility for the world 's most expensive military that has the second largest nuclear arsenal . The president also leads the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP . The president possesses significant domestic and international hard and soft power . </P> <P> Article II of the Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government . It vests the executive power of the United States in the president . The power includes the execution and enforcement of federal law , alongside the responsibility of appointing federal executive , diplomatic , regulatory and judicial officers , and concluding treaties with foreign powers with the advice and consent of the Senate . The president is further empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves , and to convene and adjourn either or both houses of Congress under extraordinary circumstances . The president directs the foreign and domestic policies of the United States , and takes an active role in promoting his policy priorities to members of Congress . In addition , as part of the system of checks and balances , Article One of the United States Constitution gives the president the power to sign or veto federal legislation . Since the office of president was established in 1789 , its power has grown substantially , as has the power of the federal government as a whole . </P> <P> Through the Electoral College , the registered voters indirectly elect the president and vice president to a four - year term . This is the only federal election in the United States which is not decided by popular vote . Nine vice presidents became president by virtue of a president 's intra-term death or resignation . </P> <P> The Twenty - second Amendment precludes any United States citizen from being elected president for a third term . It also prohibits a person from being elected to the presidency more than once if that person previously had served as president , or acting president , for more than two years of another person 's term as president . In all , 44 individuals have served 45 presidencies ( counting Grover Cleveland 's two non-consecutive terms separately ) spanning 57 full four - year terms . </P> <P> Donald Trump is the 45th and current president , inaugurated on January 20 , 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin </Li> <Li> 2 Powers and duties <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Article I legislative role </Li> <Li> 2.2 Article II executive powers <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 War and foreign affairs powers </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 Administrative powers </Li> <Li> 2.2. 3 Juridical powers </Li> <Li> 2.2. 4 Legislative facilitator </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Ceremonial roles </Li> <Li> 2.4 Critics of presidency 's evolution </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Selection process <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Eligibility </Li> <Li> 3.2 Campaigns and nomination </Li> <Li> 3.3 Election and oath </Li> <Li> 3.4 Tenure and term limits </Li> <Li> 3.5 Succession , vacancy , or disability </Li> <Li> 3.6 Political affiliation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Compensation </Li> <Li> 5 Residence </Li> <Li> 6 Travel </Li> <Li> 7 Protection </Li> <Li> 8 Post-presidency <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Presidential libraries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Timeline of presidents </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 Notes </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 13.1 Primary sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin </H2> <P> During the American Revolution in 1776 , the Thirteen Colonies , acting through the Second Continental Congress , declared political independence from Great Britain . The new states were independent of each other as nation states and recognized the necessity of closely coordinating their efforts against the British . Congress desired to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy and negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish an alliance between the states . Under the Articles , Congress was a central authority without any legislative power . It could make its own resolutions , determinations , and regulations , but not any laws , and could not impose any taxes or enforce local commercial regulations upon its citizens . This institutional design reflected how Americans believed the deposed British system of Crown and Parliament ought to have functioned with respect to the royal dominion : a superintending body for matters that concerned the entire empire . The states were out from under any monarchy and assigned some formerly royal prerogatives ( e.g. , making war , receiving ambassadors , etc . ) to Congress ; the remaining prerogatives were lodged within their own respective state governments . The states agreed to a resolution that settled competing western land claims . The Articles took effect on March 1 , 1781 , when Maryland became the final state to ratify them . </P> <P> In 1783 , the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies . With peace at hand , the states each turned toward their own internal affairs . By 1786 , Americans found their continental borders besieged and weak and their respective economies in crises as neighboring states agitated trade rivalries with one another . They witnessed their hard currency pouring into foreign markets to pay for imports ,

The current President of the United States is

Who is the president of usa right now?

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<P> As the Internet became more popular , FutureWave realized the potential for a vector - based web animation tool that might challenge Macromedia Shockwave technology . In 1995 , FutureWave modified SmartSketch by adding frame - by - frame animation features and released this new product as FutureSplash Animator on Macintosh and PC . </P> <P> FutureWave approached Adobe Systems with an offer to sell them FutureSplash in 1995 , but Adobe turned down the offer at that time . Microsoft wanted to create an `` online TV network '' ( MSN 2.0 ) and adopted FutureSplash animated content as a central part of it . Disney Online used FutureSplash animations for their subscription - based service Disney 's Daily Blast . Fox Broadcasting Company launched The Simpsons using FutureSplash . </P> <H3> Macromedia ( edit ) </H3> <P> In November 1996 , FutureSplash was acquired by Macromedia , and Macromedia re-branded and released FutureSplash Animator as Macromedia Flash 1.0 . Flash was a two - part system , a graphics and animation editor known as Macromedia Flash , and a player known as Macromedia Flash Player . </P> <P> FutureSplash Animator was an animation tool originally developed for pen - based computing devices . Due to the small size of the FutureSplash Viewer , it was particularly suited for download on the Web . Macromedia distributed Flash Player as a free browser plugin in order to quickly gain market share . By 2005 , more computers worldwide had Flash Player installed than any other Web media format , including Java , QuickTime , RealNetworks and Windows Media Player . </P> <P> Macromedia upgraded the Flash system between 1996 and 1999 adding MovieClips , Actions ( the precursor to ActionScript ) , Alpha transparency , and other features . As Flash matured , Macromedia 's focus shifted from marketing it as a graphics and media tool to promoting it as a Web application platform , adding scripting and data access capabilities to the player while attempting to retain its small footprint . </P> <P> In 2000 , the first major version of ActionScript was developed , and released with Flash 5 . Actionscript 2.0 was released with Flash MX 2004 and supported object - oriented programming , improved UI components and other programming features . The last version of Flash released by Macromedia was Flash 8 , which focused on graphical upgrades such as filters ( blur , drop shadow , etc . ) , blend modes ( similar to Adobe Photoshop ) , and advanced features for FLV video . </P> <H3> Adobe ( edit ) </H3> <P> Macromedia was acquired by Adobe Systems in 2005 , and the entire Macromedia product line including Flash , Dreamweaver , Director / Shockwave , Fireworks ( which has since been discontinued ) and Authorware is now handled by Adobe . </P> <P> In 2007 , Adobe 's first version release was Adobe Flash CS3 Professional , the ninth major version of Flash . It introduced the ActionScript 3.0 programming language , which supported modern programming practices and enabled business applications to be developed with Flash . Adobe Flex Builder ( built on Eclipse ) targeted the enterprise application development market , and was also released the same year . Flex Builder included the Flex SDK , a set of components that included charting , advanced UI , and data services ( Flex Data Services ) . </P> <P> In 2008 , Adobe released the tenth version of Flash , Adobe Flash CS4 . Flash 10 improved animation capabilities within the Flash editor , adding a motion editor panel ( similar to Adobe After Effects ) , inverse kinematics ( bones ) , basic 3D object animation , object - based animation , and other text and graphics features . Flash Player 10 included an in - built 3D engine ( without GPU acceleration ) that allowed basic object transformations in 3D space ( position , rotation , scaling ) . </P> <P> Also in 2008 , Adobe released the first version of Adobe Integrated Runtime ( later re-branded as Adobe AIR ) , a runtime engine that replaced Flash Player , and provided additional capabilities to the ActionScript 3.0 language to build desktop and mobile applications . With AIR , developers could access the file system ( the user 's files and folders ) , and connected devices suxh as joystick , gamepad and sensors for the first time . </P> <P> In 2011 , Adobe Flash Player 11 was released , and with it the first version of Stage3D , allowing GPU - accelerated 3D rendering for Flash applications and games on desktop platforms such as Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X . Adobe further improved 3D capabilities from 2011 to 2013 , adding support for 3D rendering on Android and iOS platforms , alpha - channels , compressed textures , texture atlases , and other features . Adobe AIR was upgraded to support 64 - bit computers , and to allow developers to add additional functionality to the AIR runtime using AIR Native Extensions ( ANE ) . </P> <P> In 2014 , Adobe AIR reached a milestone with over 100,000 unique applications built , and over 1 billion installations logged across the world ( May 2014 ) . Adobe AIR was voted the Best Mobile Application Development product at the Consumer Electronics Show on two consecutive years ( CES 2014 and CES 2015 ) . In 2016 , Adobe renamed Flash Professional , the primary authoring software for Flash content , to Adobe Animate to reflect its growing use for authoring HTML5 content in favour of Flash content . </P> <H3> Open Screen Project ( edit ) </H3> <P> On May 1 , 2008 , Adobe announced the Open Screen Project , with the intent of providing a consistent application interface across devices such as personal computers , mobile devices , and consumer electronics . When the project was announced , seven goals were outlined : the abolition of licensing fees for Adobe Flash Player and Adobe Integrated Runtime , the

Adobe Flash CS3 Professional

What is the use of adobe flash cs3 professional?

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Middle cranial fossa - wikipedia <H1> Middle cranial fossa </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Middle cranial fossa </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Base of the skull . Upper surface . ( Middle cranial fossa is the centermost of the three indentations , in pink and yellow . ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> fossa cranii media </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TA </Th> <Td> A02. 1.00. 049 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 54369 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The middle cranial fossa , deeper than the anterior cranial fossa , is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull . It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest . </P> <P> It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone , the anterior clinoid processes , and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove ; behind , by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellæ ; laterally by the temporal squamæ , sphenoidal angles of the parietals , and greater wings of the sphenoid . It is traversed by the squamosal , sphenoparietal , sphenosquamosal , and sphenopetrosal sutures . </P> <P> It houses the temporal lobes of the brain and the pituitary gland . A middle fossa craniotomy is one means to surgically remove acoustic neuromas ( vestibular schwannoma ) growing within the internal auditory canal of the temporal bone . </P> Middle cranial fossa surgical anatomy as demonstrated in a right cadaver temporal bone by Dr Jack M Kartush - view from above . <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Middle part </Li> <Li> 2 Lateral parts </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 Additional images </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Middle part ( edit ) </H2> <P> The middle part of the fossa presents , in front , the chiasmatic groove and tuberculum sellae ; the chiasmatic groove ends on either side at the optic foramen , which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to the orbital cavity . </P> <P> Behind the optic foramen the anterior clinoid process is directed backward and medialward and gives attachment to the tentorium cerebelli . </P> <P> Behind the tuberculum sellæ is a deep depression , the sella turcica , containing the fossa hypophyseos , which lodges the hypophysis , and presents on its anterior wall the middle clinoid processes . </P> <P> The sella turcica is bounded posteriorly by a quadrilateral plate of bone , the dorsum sellae , the upper angles of which are surmounted by the posterior clinoid processes : these afford attachment to the tentorium cerebelli , and below each is a notch for the abducent nerve . </P> <P> On either side of the sella turcica is the carotid groove , which is broad , shallow , and curved somewhat like the italic letter f . </P> <P> It begins behind at the foramen lacerum , and ends on the medial side of the anterior clinoid process , where it is sometimes converted into a foramen ( carotico - clinoid ) by the union of the anterior with the middle clinoid process ; posteriorly , it is bounded laterally by the lingula . </P> <P> This groove lodges the cavernous sinus and the internal carotid artery , the latter being surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves . </P> <H2> Lateral parts ( edit ) </H2> <P> The lateral parts of the middle fossa are of considerable depth , and support the temporal lobes of the brain . </P> <P> They are marked by depressions for the brain convolutions and traversed by furrows for the anterior and posterior branches of the middle meningeal vessels . </P> <P> These furrows begin near the foramen spinosum , and the anterior runs forward and upward to the sphenoidal angle of the parietal , where it is sometimes converted into a bony canal ; the posterior runs lateralward and backward across the temporal squama and passes on to the parietal near the middle of its lower border . </P> <P> The following apertures are also to be seen . </P> <P> In front is the superior orbital fissure , bounded above by the small wing , below , by the great wing , and medially , by the body of the sphenoid ; it is usually completed laterally by the orbital plate of the frontal bone . </P> <P> It transmits to the orbital cavity the oculomotor , the trochlear , the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal , and the abducent nerves , some filaments from the cavernous plexus of the sympathetic , and the orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery ; and from the orbital cavity a recurrent branch from the lacrimal artery to the dura mater , and the ophthalmic veins . </P> <P> Behind the medial end of the superior orbital fissure is the foramen rotundum , for the passage of the maxillary nerve . </P> <P> Behind and lateral to the foramen rotundum is the foramen ovale , which transmits the mandibular nerve , the accessory meningeal artery , and the lesser superficial petrosal nerve . </P> <P> Medial to the foramen ovale is the foramen Vesalii , which varies in size in different individuals , and is often absent ; when present , it opens below at the lateral side of the scaphoid fossa , and transmits a small vein . </P> <P> Lateral to the foramen ovale is the foramen spinosum , for the passage of the middle meningeal vessels , and a recurrent branch from the mandibular nerve . </P> <P> Medial to the foramen ovale is the foramen lacerum ; in the fresh state the lower part of this aperture is filled up by a layer of fibrocartilage , while its upper and

The middle cranial fossa contains

What part of the brain is in the middle cranial fossa?

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The Outsiders ( novel ) - wikipedia <H1> The Outsiders ( novel ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> The Outsiders <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> First hardcover edition , 1967 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> S.E. Hinton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cover artist </Th> <Td> Robert Hunt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Young adult fiction </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Viking Press , Dell Publishing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> April 24 , 1967 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Print ( hardcover , paperback ) , Audiobook </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> 192 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISBN </Th> <Td> 0 - 670 - 53257 - 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OCLC </Th> <Td> 64396432 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Followed by </Th> <Td> That Was Then , This Is Now </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Outsiders is a coming - of - age novel by S.E. Hinton , first published in 1967 by Viking Press . Hinton was 15 when she started writing the novel , but did most of the work when she was 16 and a junior in high school . Hinton was 18 when the book was published . The book details the conflict between two rival gangs divided by their socioeconomic status : the working - class `` greasers '' and the upper - class `` Socs '' ( pronounced / ˈsoʊʃɪz / -- short for Socials ) . The story is told in first - person perspective by teenaged protagonist Ponyboy Curtis . </P> <P> The story in the book takes place in Tulsa , Oklahoma , in 1965 , but this is never explicitly stated in the book . </P> <P> A film adaptation was produced in 1983 , and a little - known short - lived television series appeared in 1990 , picking up where the movie left off . A stage adaptation was written by Christopher Sergel and published in 1990 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot summary </Li> <Li> 2 Major characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Greasers </Li> <Li> 2.2 Socs </Li> <Li> 2.3 Other characters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Controversy </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot summary </H2> <P> Ponyboy Curtis , a teenaged member of a loose gang of `` greasers '' , is leaving a movie theater when he is jumped by `` Socs '' , the greasers ' rival gang . Several greasers , including Ponyboy 's two older brothers -- the paternal Darry and the popular Sodapop -- come to his rescue . The next night , Ponyboy and two greaser friends , the hardened Dally and the quiet Johnny , meet Cherry and Marcia , a pair of Soc girls , at a drive - in movie theater . Cherry spurns Dally 's rude advances , but Ponyboy ends up speaking civilly with Cherry , emotionally connecting with a Soc for the first time in his life . </P> <P> Afterward , Ponyboy , Johnny , and their wisecracking friend Two - Bit begin to walk Cherry and Marcia home , when they are stopped by Cherry 's boyfriend Bob , who badly beat up Johnny a few months back . Bob and the greasers exchange taunts , but Cherry prevents a fight by willingly leaving with Bob . Ponyboy gets home at two in the morning , enraging Darry until he suddenly slaps Ponyboy . Ponyboy runs out the door and meets up with Johnny , expressing his anger at Darry 's increasing coldness in the wake of his parents ' recent deaths in a car crash . </P> <P> Ponyboy and Johnny wander into a park , where Bob and four other Socs surround them . After some heated talk , Ponyboy spits at the Socs , prompting them to try to drown him in a nearby fountain , but Johnny stabs Bob , killing him and dispersing the Socs . Terrified of what to do next , Ponyboy and Johnny rush to find Dally , who gives them money and a loaded gun , directing them to hide in an abandoned church in Windrixville . During their stay there , Pony cuts and dyes his hair as a disguise , reads Gone with the Wind to Johnny , and , upon viewing a beautiful sunrise , recites the poem `` Nothing Gold Can Stay '' by Robert Frost . </P> <P> Days later , Dally comes to check on them , revealing that violence between the greasers and Socs has escalated since Bob 's death into all - out city - wide warfare , with Cherry acting out of guilt as a spy for the greasers . Johnny decides to turn himself in and Dally agrees to take the boys back home . As they attempt to leave , they notice the church has caught fire and several local schoolchildren have become trapped inside . The greasers run inside the burning church to save the children , but Ponyboy is rendered unconscious by the fumes . At the hospital he discovers that he and Dally are not badly injured , but a piece of the church roof fell on Johnny and broke his back . Sodapop and Darry come to the hospital ; Darry breaks down and cries . Ponyboy then realizes that Darry cares about him , and is only hard on Ponyboy because he loves him and cares about his future . </P> <P> The following morning the newspapers declare Pony and Johnny heroes , but Johnny will be charged with manslaughter for Bob 's death . Two - Bit tells them that the greaser -- Soc rivalry is to be settled in a final rumble . Ponyboy and Two - Bit are approached by a Soc named Randy , Bob 's best friend , who expresses

The Greasers in The Outsiders live in

Where do the greasers live in the outsiders?

1658149178541467525

as synonyms ) . </P> <P> In Germany , using hops was also a religious and political choice in the early 16th century . There was no tax on hops to be paid on the Catholic church , unlike on gruit , for which the Protestant preferred hopped beer . </P> <P> Hops used in England were imported from France , Holland and Germany with import duty paid for those ; it was not until 1524 that hops were first grown in the southeast of England ( Kent ) when they were introduced as an agricultural crop by Dutch farmers . Therefore , in the hop industry there are many words which originally were Dutch words ( see oast house ) . Hops were then grown as far north as Aberdeen , near breweries for infrastructure convenience . </P> <P> According to Thomas Tusser 's 1557 Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry : </P> <P> `` The hop for his profit I thus do exalt , It strengtheneth drink and it flavoureth malt ; And being well - brewed long kept it will last , And drawing abide , if ye draw not too fast . '' </P> <P> In England there were many complaints over the quality of imported hops , the sacks of which were often contaminated by stalks , sand or straw to increase their weight . As a result , in 1603 , King James I approved an Act of Parliament banning the practice by which `` the Subjects of this Realm have been of late years abused &c. to the Value of £ 20,000 yearly , besides the Danger of their Healths '' . </P> <P> Hop cultivation was begun in the present - day United States in 1629 by English and Dutch farmers . Before prohibition , cultivation was mainly centred around New York , California , Oregon , and Washington state . Problems with powdery mildew and downy mildew devastated New York 's production by the 1920s , and California only produces hops on a small scale . </P> <P> Hop bars were used before modern machinery was invented to make the holes for the hop poles . </P> <H2> World production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Hops production is concentrated in moist temperate climates , with much of the world 's production occurring near the 48th parallel north . Hop plants prefer the same soils as potatoes and the leading potato - growing states in the United States are also major hops - producing areas ; however , not all potato - growing areas can produce good hops naturally : soils in the Maritime Provinces of Canada , for example , lack the boron that hops prefer . Historically , hops were not grown in Ireland , but were imported from England . In 1752 more than 500 tons of English hops were imported through Dublin alone . </P> <P> Important production centres today are the Hallertau in Germany ( more hop - growing area than any other country as of 2006 ) , the Yakima ( Washington ) and Willamette ( Oregon ) valleys , and western Canyon County , Idaho ( including the communities of Parma , Wilder , Greenleaf , and Notus ) . The principal production centres in the UK are in Kent ( which produces Kent Goldings hops ) , Herefordshire , and Worcestershire . Essentially all of the harvested hops are used in beer making . </P> Early season hop growth in a hop yard in the Yakima River Valley of Washington with Mount Adams in the distance <Table> <Tr> <Th> Hop producing country </Th> <Th> 2012 hop output in tonnes ( t ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> 34,434 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 27,782 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> China </Td> <Td> 11,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Czech Republic </Td> <Td> 4,338 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Poland </Td> <Td> 2,206 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> North Korea </Td> <Td> 2,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Albania </Td> <Td> 1,650 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 1,650 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Slovenia </Td> <Td> 1,338 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Cultivation and harvest ( edit ) </H3> A superstructure of overhead wires supports strings that in turn support bines <P> Although hops are grown in most of the continental United States and Canada , cultivation of hops for commercial production requires a particular environment . As hops are a climbing plant , they are trained to grow up trellises made from strings or wires that support the plants and allow them significantly greater growth with the same sunlight profile . In this way , energy that would have been required to build structural cells is also freed for crop growth . </P> <P> The hop plant 's reproduction method is that male and female flowers develop on separate plants , although occasionally a fertile individual will develop which contains both male and female flowers . Because pollinated seeds are undesirable for brewing beer , only female plants are grown in hop fields , thus preventing pollination . Female plants are propagated vegetatively , and male plants are culled if plants are grown from seeds . </P> <P> Hop plants are planted in rows about 2 to 2.5 metres ( 7 to 8 ft ) apart . Each spring , the roots send forth new bines that are started up strings from the ground to an overhead trellis . The cones grow high on the bine , and in the past , these cones were picked by hand . Harvesting of hops became much more efficient with the invention of the mechanical hops separator , patented by Emil Clemens Horst in 1909 . </P> <P> Harvest comes near the end of summer when the bines are pulled down and the flowers are taken to a hop house or oast house for drying . Hop houses are two - story buildings , of which the upper story has a slatted floor covered with burlap . Here the flowers are poured out and raked even . A heating unit

In the United States, hops are primarily grown in

Where do they grow hops in the us?

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ironically , they both lose , usually when Jerry 's final trap or attack on Tom backfires or Jerry overlooks something . In Chuck Jones ' Filet Meow , Jerry orders a shark from the pet store to scare Tom away from eating a goldfish , but finds himself entirely intimidated as well . Finally , they occasionally end up being friends , although within this set of stories , there is often a last minute event that ruins the truce . One story that has friendly ending is Snowbody Loves Me . </P> <P> Both characters display sadistic tendencies , in that they are equally likely to take pleasure in tormenting each other , although it is often in response to a triggering event . However , when one character appears to truly be in mortal danger from an unplanned situation or due to actions by a third party , the other will develop a conscience and save him . Occasionally , they bond over a mutual sentiment towards an unpleasant experience and their attacking each other is more play than serious attacks . Multiple shorts show the two getting along with minimal difficulty , and they are more than capable of working together when the situation calls for it , usually against a third party who manages to torture and humiliate them both . Sometimes this partnership is forgotten quickly when an unexpected event happens , or when one character feels that the other is no longer necessary . This is the case in Posse Cat , when they agree that Jerry will allow himself to be caught if Tom agrees to share his reward dinner , but Tom then reneges . Other times however , Tom does keep his promise to Jerry and the partnerships are not quickly dissolved after the problem is solved . </P> <P> Tom changes his love interest many times . The first love interest is Toots who appears in Puss n ' Toots , and calls him `` Tommy '' in The Mouse Comes to Dinner . He is also interested in a cat called Toots in The Zoot Cat although she has a different appearance to the original Toots . The most frequent love interest of Tom 's is Toodles Galore , who never has any dialogue in the cartoons . </P> <P> Despite five shorts ending with a depiction of Tom 's apparent death , his demise is never permanent ; he even reads about his own death in a flashback in Jerry 's Diary . He appears to die in explosions in Mouse Trouble ( after which he is seen in heaven ) , Yankee Doodle Mouse and in Safety Second , while in The Two Mouseketeers he is guillotined offscreen . </P> <H2> Hanna - Barbera era ( edit ) </H2> <P> The following characters were introduced in the theatrical shorts that were directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera . </P> <H3> Spike and Tyke ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Spike and Tyke ( characters ) <P> Spike , occasionally referred to as Butch or Killer , is a stern but occasionally dumb American bulldog who is particularly disapproving of cats , but a softie when it comes to mice ( though in his debut appearance , Dog Trouble , Spike goes after both Tom and Jerry ) , and later , his son Tyke . In the shorts Jerry would often try to get Tom in trouble with Spike making him a shoo - in for a beating from the bulldog . Spike has a few weaknesses that Tom tries to capitalize upon : his possessiveness about his bone and his ticklishness . He made his first appearance in the 1942 Tom and Jerry cartoon Dog Trouble , and his first speaking role was in 1944 's The Bodyguard , where he was voiced by Billy Bletcher up until 1949 , from which point he was voiced by Daws Butler . Unlike his father Spike , Tyke does not speak . He only communicates by yapping , whimpering , growling , facial expressions and wagging his tail . In Tom and Jerry Kids , Tyke does have a speaking role in the program and is the first time that viewers were able to hear Tyke speak . Spike is very protective towards his son and gets very angry at Tom if Tyke is bothered or harmed . Although Tyke has spoken in Tom and Jerry Kids , he has laughed in one Tom and Jerry short . After Daws Butler , Maurice LaMarche , Frank Welker , John DiMaggio , Michael Donovan , Phil LaMarr and currently Rick Zieff would all perform Spike 's voice . Tyke 's vocal effects are provided by Frank Welker and speaking roles by Patric Zimmerman . </P> <H3> Butch ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Butch Cat ( Tom and Jerry ) <P> Butch ( voiced by Frank Graham , later Daws Butler due to Graham 's death ) is a black alley cat who made his first appearance in the Tom and Jerry series in the 1943 short Baby Puss , alongside Topsy and the already - established Meathead . His character , however ( along with the character of Toodles Galore ) , first appeared in the 1941 MGM short The Alley Cat , directed by Hugh Harman , Butch 's only solo cartoon . Butch is the leader of the alley cat bullies who are usually friends with Tom and help him catch Jerry . In his first appearance , however , Butch was an antagonist , tormenting Tom after Tom 's young girl owner treated him like a baby -- to the point of dressing Tom up in a diaper , a bonnet , and pink paw mittens . Thus costumed , Tom could n't help but be a figure of fun -- both for Butch and his gang , and for Jerry . Butch also battles with Tom over Toodles Galore and her affections in a couple of shorts including the 1946 short , Springtime for

The dog's name on Tom and Jerry is

What's the dog's name on tom and jerry?

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References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song was written by Brown with Matthew McGinn and Jordan Schmidt . The song is about a couple where the question `` what if '' is asked repeatedly about what would happen in their relationship . It features a duet with Lauren Alaina , a school friend from Lakeview - Fort Oglethorpe High School when he was living in Fort Oglethorpe , Georgia . According to Brown , the song was initially not intended to be a duet , he said : `` Once we decided on adding a woman to `` What Ifs , '' I knew that I wanted Lauren to sing it , and , of course , she killed it . '' According to Brown , another song was going to be used in the album , however , he was asked so much about `` What Ifs '' on social media that it was then decided that the song should be included in the album . </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song is in the key of G minor with a moderately fast tempo of approximately 126 beats per minute . It follows the chord progression Gm - B ♭ - F. Brown 's vocals range from F - B ♭ . </P> <H2> Commercial performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song sold 6,000 downloads in the US the week the album was released on December 2 , 2016 , allowing it to chart at number 37 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart . The song first entered the US Billboard Country Airplay chart for the week of March 4 , 2017 at number 60 . It reached No. 1 on Hot Country Songs in October 2017 , ending the record breaking 34 - week reign of Sam Hunt 's `` Body Like a Back Road '' . The song is the first No. 1 on the chart for both Brown and Alaina . The following week , for charts dated October 28 , 2017 , `` What Ifs '' stayed at number one , as well as topping the Country Airplay and Country Streaming Songs charts . Together with the release of the deluxe edition of the album which also reached number on Top Country Albums , and another number one for a new track `` Heaven '' on digital sales , Brown became the first artist to have simultaneous number ones on all five main country charts . </P> <P> The song was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 2 , 2017 . It was the third most - consumed country song of 2017 , with 1,551,000 including streams ( 599,000 in pure sale ) sold in the year . It has sold 679,000 copies in the US as of March 2018 . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The official music video for the song was directed by P.R. Brown and produced by Steve Lamar . The video was filmed along the Californian coast at The Inn at Newport Ranch , a resort and cattle ranch to the north of San Francisco . It features Brown and his duet partner Lauren Alaina singing along the coast . It was released on May 14 , 2017 . An earlier lyric video was first released on May 4 , 2017 , and shows Brown and Alaina cruising down a road . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2017 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada ( Canadian Hot 100 ) </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Country Airplay ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2017 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard Country Airplay </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard Hot Country Songs </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard Hot 100 </Th> <Td> 72 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Certifications and sales ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> <Th> Certified units / Sales </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canada ( Music Canada ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States ( RIAA ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 679,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Dukes , Billy ( January 24 , 2017 ) . `` Kane Brown ( Feat . Lauren Alaina ) , ' What Ifs ' ( Listen ) '' . Taste of Country . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Konicki , Lisa ( February 8 , 2017 ) . `` Kane Brown 's Current Single , `` What Ifs , '' With Lauren Alaina Almost Did n't Make The Album `` . Nash Country Daily . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Freeman , Jon ( December 2 , 2016 ) . `` Kane Brown on Personal New Album , Why He Wo n't Sing First Hit : Ram Report '' . Rolling Stone . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Asker , Jim ( October 17 , 2017 ) . `` Kane Brown Becomes First Artist To Simultaneously Lead Five Country Charts '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' What Ifs ' sheet music '' . MusicNotes.com . Retrieved 5 February 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bjorke , Matt ( December 13 , 2016 ) . `` Top 30 Digital Country Singles Chart : December 13 , 2016 '' . Roughstock . Retrieved February 5 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Country Airplay '' .

The music video "What Ifs" was filmed

Where was the music video what ifs filmed?

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Petroleum industry in Nigeria - wikipedia <H1> Petroleum industry in Nigeria </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Nigeria is the largest oil and gas producer in Africa . Crude oil from the delta basin comes in two types : light , and comparatively heavy -- the lighter around 36 gravity and the heavier , 20 -- 25 gravity . Both types are paraffinic and low in sulfur . </P> The gates of the oil refinery in Port Harcourt <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of oil exploration </Li> <Li> 2 Production and exploration <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Offshore </Li> <Li> 2.2 Natural gas </Li> <Li> 2.3 Downstream </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Current manufacturing </Li> <Li> 4 History and politics <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Colonial legacy ( 1800s -- 1960s ) </Li> <Li> 4.2 Implications and causes of civil war ( 1966 -- 1970 ) </Li> <Li> 4.3 Industry nationalisation ( 1970 -- 1979 ) </Li> <Li> 4.4 Attempted democracy and debt ( 1979 -- 1983 ) </Li> <Li> 4.5 Return to military rule and electoral annulment ( 1983 -- 1993 ) </Li> <Li> 4.6 An environment of crisis ( 1993 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Operating agreements <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Joint venture companies </Li> <Li> 5.2 Current situation </Li> <Li> 5.3 Oil theft </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Environmental impact <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Oil spills and water contamination </Li> <Li> 6.2 Natural gas flaring </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Human rights impact <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Repression of protest and government corruption </Li> <Li> 7.2 Poverty and chronic underdevelopment </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of oil exploration ( edit ) </H2> <P> The history of oil exploration in Nigeria dates back to 1907 when Nigerian Bitumen Corporation conducted exploratory work in the country , at the onset of World War I the firm 's operation were stopped . Thereafter , licenses were given to D'Arcy Exploration Company and Whitehall Petroleum but neither company found oil of commercial value and they returned their licenses in 1923 . A new license covering 920,000 square kilometres ( 357,000 square miles ) was given to Shell D'arcy Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria , a consortium of Shell and British Petroleum ( then known as Anglo - Iranian ) . The company began exploratory work in 1937 . The consortium was granted license to explore oil all over the territory of Nigeria but the acreage allotted to the company in the original license was reduced in 1951 and then between 1955 and 1957 . Drilling activities started in 1951 with the first test well drilled in Owerri area . Oil was discovered in non-commercial quantities at Akata , near Eket in 1953 . Prior to the Akata find , the company had spent around 6 million pounds in exploratory activities in the country . Shell - BP in the pursuit of commercially available petroleum found oil in Oloibiri , Nigeria in 1956 . Other important oil wells discovered during the period were Afam and Bomu in Ogoni territory . Production of crude oil began in 1957 and in 1960 , a total of 847,000 tonnes of crude oil was exported . Towards the end of the 1950s , non-British firms were granted license to explore for oil : Mobil in 1955 , Tenneco in 1960 , Gulf Oil and later Chevron in 1961 , Agip in 1962 , and Elf in 1962 . Prior to the discovery of oil , Nigeria ( like many other African countries ) strongly relied on agricultural exports to other countries to supply their economy . Many Nigerians thought the developers were looking for palm oil . But after nearly 50 years searching for oil in the country , Shell - BP discovered the oil at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta . The first oil field began production in 1958 . </P> <P> After that , the economy of Nigeria should have seemingly have experienced a strong increase . However , competition for the profits from oil created a great level of terror and conflict for those living in the region . Many citizens of Nigeria believe that they have n't been able to see the economic benefits of oil companies in the state . Additionally , Nigerian government officials have remained majority shareholders in the profits created by the production of Nigerian oil , leading to government capturing of nearly all oil production , and citizens are not seeing socioeconomic benefits , and insist that oil companies should compensate people . </P> <H2> Production and exploration ( edit ) </H2> Satellite image of Niger Delta <P> As of 2000 , oil and gas exports accounted for more than 98 % of export earnings and about 83 % of federal government revenue , as well as generating more than 14 % of its GDP . It also provides 95 % of foreign exchange earnings , and about 65 % of government budgetary revenues . </P> <P> Nigeria 's proven oil reserves are estimated by the United States Energy Information Administration ( EIA ) at between 16 and 22 billion barrels ( 2.5 × 10 and 3.5 × 10 m ) , but other sources claim there could be as much as 35.3 billion barrels ( 5.61 × 10 m ) . Its reserves make Nigeria the tenth most petroleum - rich nation , and by the far the most affluent in Africa . In mid-2001 its crude oil production was averaging around 2,200,000 barrels ( 350,000 m ) per day . It is expected that the industry will continue to be profitable based on an average bench mark oil price of $85 - $90 per barrel . </P> <P> Nearly all of the country 's primary reserves are concentrated in and around the delta of the Niger River , but off - shore rigs are also prominent in the well - endowed coastal region . Nigeria is one of the few major oil - producing nations still capable of increasing its oil output

Most of Africa's petroleum and natural gas are found in the region of

In which regions are most of africa petroleum and natural gas found?

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under Federal Trade Commission rules , various mollusk pearls may be referred to as ' pearls ' , without qualification . </P> <P> A few species produce pearls that can be of interest as gemstones . These species include the bailer shell Melo , the giant clam Tridacna , various scallop species , Pen shells Pinna , and the Haliotis iris species of abalone . Pearls of abalone , or pāua , are mabe pearls , or blister pearls , unique to New Zealand waters and are commonly referred to as ' blue pearls ' . They are admired for their incredible luster and naturally bright vibrant colors that are often compared to opal . Another example is the conch pearl ( sometimes referred to simply as the ' pink pearl ' ) , which is found very rarely growing between the mantle and the shell of the queen conch or pink conch , Strombus gigas , a large sea snail or marine gastropod from the Caribbean Sea . These pearls , which are often pink in color , are a by - product of the conch fishing industry , and the best of them display a shimmering optical effect related to chatoyance known as ' flame structure ' . </P> <P> Somewhat similar gastropod pearls , this time more orange in hue , are ( again very rarely ) found in the horse conch Pleuroploca gigantea . </P> <P> The second largest pearl known was found in the Philippines in 1934 and is known as the Pearl of Lao Tzu . It is a naturally occurring , non-nacreous , calcareous concretion ( pearl ) from a giant clam . Because it did not grow in a pearl oyster it is not pearly ; instead the surface is glossy like porcelain . Other pearls from giant clams are known to exist , but this is a particularly large one weighing 14 lb ( 6.4 kg ) . </P> <P> The largest known pearl ( also from a giant clam ) was found in the Philippines as well by a fisherman from Puerto Princesa , Palawan Island . The enormous pearl is 30 cm wide ( 1 ft ) , 67 cm long ( 2.2 ft ) and weighs 75 lb ( 34 kg ) . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Pearl hunting ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Pearl hunting A 14th - century piece of clothing used by Kuwaiti divers searching for pearls in the Persian Gulf <P> The ancient chronicle Mahavamsa mentions of the thriving pearl industry in the port of Oruwella in the Gulf of Mannar in Sri Lanka . It also records that eight varieties of pearls accompanied Prince Vijaya 's embassy to the Pandyan king as well as king Devanampiya Tissa 's embassy to Emperor Ashoka . Pliny the Elder ( 23 -- 79AD ) praised the pearl fishery of the Gulf as most productive in the world . </P> <P> For thousands of years , seawater pearls were retrieved by divers in the Indian Ocean in areas such as the Persian Gulf , the Red Sea and the Gulf of Mannar . Evidence also suggest a prehistoric origin to pearl diving in these regions . Starting in the Han Dynasty ( 206 BC -- 220 AD ) , the Chinese hunted extensively for seawater pearls in the South China Sea . In the 14th - century Arabian Sea , the traveller Ibn Battuta provided the earliest known description of pearl diving by means of attaching a cord to the diver 's waist . </P> Catching of pearls , Bern Physiologus ( 9th century ) <P> When Spanish conquistadors arrived in the Western Hemisphere , they discovered that around the islands of Cubagua and Margarita , some 200 km north of the Venezuelan coast , was an extensive pearl bed ( a bed of pearl oysters ) . One discovered and named pearl , La Peregrina pearl , was offered to the Spanish queen . According to Garcilasso de la Vega , who says that he saw La Peregrina at Seville in 1607 , this was found at Panama in 1560 by a slave worker who was rewarded with his liberty , and his owner with the office of alcalde of Panama . </P> <P> Margarita pearls are extremely difficult to find today and are known for their unique yellowish color . The most famous Margarita necklace that anyone can see today is the one that then Venezuelan President Romulo Betancourt gave to Jacqueline Kennedy when she and her husband , President John F. Kennedy paid an official visit to Venezuela . </P> <P> Before the beginning of the 20th century , pearl hunting was the most common way of harvesting pearls . Divers manually pulled oysters from ocean floors and river bottoms and checked them individually for pearls . Not all mussels and oysters produce pearls . In a haul of three tons , only three or four oysters will produce perfect pearls . </P> British isles ( edit ) <P> Pearls were one of the attractions which drew Julius Caesar to Britain . They are , for the most part , freshwater pearls from mussels . Pearling was banned in the U.K. in 1998 due to the endangered status of river mussels . Discovery and publicity about the sale for a substantial sum of the Abernethy pearl in the River Tay had resulted in heavy exploitation of mussel colonies during the 1970s and 80s by weekend warriors . When it was permitted it was carried on mainly by Scottish Travellers who found pearls varied from river to river with the River Oykel in the Highlands being noted for the finest rose - pink pearls . There are two firms in Scotland that are licensed to sell pre-1998 freshwater pearls . </P> <H3> Pearl farming ( edit ) </H3> A pearl being extracted from an akoya pearl oyster . See also : Oyster farming <P> Today , the cultured pearls on the market can be divided into two categories . The first category covers

In India, pearls are found in

In which sea pearl is found in india?

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is incomplete . Please help to improve it , or discuss the issue on the talk page . ( June 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> This is a list of national animals . </P> <H2> National animals </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Name of animal </Th> <Th> Scientific name </Th> <Th> Pictures </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Algeria </Td> <Td> Fennec fox </Td> <Td> Vulpes zerda </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Angola </Td> <Td> Red - crested turaco ( national bird ) </Td> <Td> Tauraco erythrolophus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anguilla </Td> <Td> Zenaida dove </Td> <Td> Zenaida aurita </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Antigua and Barbuda </Td> <Td> Fallow deer ( national animal ) </Td> <Td> Dama dama </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Frigate ( national bird ) </Td> <Td> Fregata magnificens </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hawksbill turtle ( national sea creature ) </Td> <Td> Eretmochelys imbricata </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> Rufous hornero </Td> <Td> Furnarius rufus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Red kangaroo ( national animal ) </Td> <Td> Macropus rufus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Emu ( national bird ) </Td> <Td> Dromaius novaehollandiae </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria </Td> <Td> Black eagle </Td> <Td> Ictinaetus malaiensis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Azerbaijan </Td> <Td> Karabakh horse </Td> <Td> Equus ferus caballus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bangladesh </Td> <Td> Royal Bengal tiger ( national animal ) </Td> <Td> Panthera tigris tigris </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Magpie robin ( national bird ) </Td> <Td> Copsychus saularis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ilish ( national fish ) </Td> <Td> Tenualosa ilisha </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belarus </Td> <Td> European bison </Td> <Td> Bison bonasus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> Lion ( heraldic Leo Belgicus ) </Td> <Td> Panthera leo </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belize </Td> <Td> Baird 's tapir ( national animal ) </Td> <Td> Tapirus bairdii </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Keel - billed toucan ( national bird ) </Td> <Td> Ramphastos sulfuratus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bhutan </Td> <Td> Druk </Td> <Td> Mythical </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Takin </Td> <Td> Budorcas taxicolor </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> Rufous - bellied thrush </Td> <Td> Turdus rufiventris </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cambodia </Td> <Td> Kouprey </Td> <Td> Bos sauveli </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> North American beaver ( sovereignty animal symbol ) </Td> <Td> Castor canadensis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canadian horse ( national horse ) </Td> <Td> Equus ferus caballus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> China </Td> <Td> Giant panda ( national animal ) </Td> <Td> Ailuropoda melanoleuca </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chinese dragon ( national animal ) </Td> <Td> Mythical </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Red - crowned crane ( national bird ) </Td> <Td> Grus japonensis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Democratic Republic of the Congo </Td> <Td> Okapi </Td> <Td> Okapia johnstoni </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Colombia </Td> <Td> Andean condor </Td> <Td> Vultur gryphus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Costa Rica </Td> <Td> Yigüirro ( national bird ) </Td> <Td> Turdus grayi </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> White - tailed deer ( national animal ) </Td> <Td> Odocoileus virginianus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> West Indian manatee ( national aquatic animal ) </Td> <Td> Trichechus manatus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Croatia </Td> <Td> Pine marten </Td> <Td> Martes martes </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cuba </Td> <Td> Cuban trogon </Td> <Td> Priotelus temnurus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cyprus </Td> <Td> Cypriot mouflon </Td> <Td> Ovis orientalis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Czech Republic </Td> <Td> Double - tailed lion </Td> <Td> Mythical </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denmark </Td> <Td> Mute swan ( national bird ) </Td> <Td> Cygnus olor </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Small tortoiseshell ( national butterfly ) </Td> <Td> Aglais urticae </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Egypt </Td> <Td> Steppe eagle </Td> <Td> Aquila nipalensis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Estonia </Td> <Td> Barn swallow ( national bird ) </Td> <Td> Hirundo rustica </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eritrea </Td> <Td> Arabian camel </Td> <Td> Camelus dromedarius </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ethiopia </Td> <Td> Lion </Td> <Td> Panthera leo </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Faroe Islands </Td> <Td> Eurasian oystercatcher ( national bird ) </Td> <Td> Haematopus ostralgus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Finland </Td> <Td> Brown bear ( national animal ) </Td> <Td> Ursus arctos </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Whooper swan ( national bird ) </Td> <Td> Cygnus cygnus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Holly blue ( national butterfly ) </Td> <Td> Celastrina argiolus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> European perch ( national fish ) </Td> <Td> Perca fluviatilis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Seven - spot ladybird ( national insect ) </Td> <Td> Coccinella septempunctata </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Gallic rooster </Td> <Td> Gallus gallus domesticus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> Unspecified Eagle </Td> <Td> Members of Accipitridae </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Greece </Td> <Td> Phoenix </Td> <Td> Mythical </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dolphins </Td> <Td> Delphinus </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td>

The panda is the national animal of

Panda is a national animal of which country?

2324745743680584211

Eastern coastal plains - Wikipedia <H1> Eastern coastal plains </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article relies largely or entirely on a single source . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources . ( May 2015 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> View of Fields at Biccavolu , Eastern coastal plains , Andhra Pradesh <P> The Eastern Coastal Plains refers to a wide stretch of landmass of India , lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal . It is wider and leveled than the western coastal plains and stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south to West Bengal in the north through Andhra Pradesh and Odisha . Chilka Lake is a brackish water lake along the eastern coastal plain . It lies in the state of Odisha and stretches to the south of the Mahanadi Delta . </P> <P> Deltas of many of India 's rivers form a major portion of these plains . The Mahanadi , Godavari , Kaveri and Krishna rivers drain these plains . The region receives both the Northeast & Southwest monsoon rains with its annual rainfall averaging between 1,000 and 3,000 mm ( 39 and 118 in ) . The width of the plains varies between 100 and 130 km ( 62 to 80 miles ) . </P> <P> It is locally known as Utkal Plains in the Northern part between Cossye and Rushikulya Rivers , Northern Circars in the Central part between Rushikulya and Krishna Rivers and , as Coromandel Coast in the Southern part from the south of river Krishna till the Southern tip of Mainland India at Cape Comorin where it merges with the Western Coastal Plains . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Western Coastal Plains </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Sr. Bimcy ; Sr. Sisily ; Charlotte . Bibliographic information . Scholar Publishing House . pp. 20 -- 21 . ISBN 8171725163 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Geography of India </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Climate </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Climate </Li> <Li> Climatic regions </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Geology </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fossil Parks </Li> <Li> Geology of India </Li> <Li> Indian Plate </Li> <Li> Stones </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Landforms </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Beaches </Li> <Li> Canals </Li> <Li> Desert </Li> <Li> Extreme points </Li> <Li> Glaciers </Li> <Li> Islands </Li> <Li> Lakes </Li> <Li> Mountains </Li> <Li> Rivers </Li> <Li> Valleys </Li> <Li> Volcanoes </Li> <Li> Waterfalls </Li> <Li> Plains <Ul> <Li> Indo - Gangetic </Li> <Li> Eastern Coastal </Li> <Li> Western Coastal </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Regions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> North India </Li> <Li> Northeast India </Li> <Li> East India </Li> <Li> South India </Li> <Li> West India </Li> <Li> Central India </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subdivisions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Autonomous administrative divisions </Li> <Li> States and territories </Li> <Li> Districts </Li> <Li> Cities </Li> <Li> Towns </Li> <Li> Municipalities </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Environment </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Biogeographic classification </Li> <Li> Ecoregions </Li> <Li> Fauna </Li> <Li> Flora </Li> <Li> Forests </Li> <Li> Issues </Li> <Li> Protected Areas </Li> <Li> Wildlife </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This Indian location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_coastal_plains&oldid=812520937 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Plains of India </Li> <Li> Coasts of India </Li> <Li> India geography stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from May 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> India articles missing geocoordinate data </Li> <Li> All articles needing coordinates </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 28 November 2017 , at 08 : 32 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The coastal plains of India are situated

Where are the coastal plains of india situated?

2620904320274887581

Deion Sanders - wikipedia <H1> Deion Sanders </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Deion Sanders <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Sanders in 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> No. 21 , 37 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Position : </Th> <Td> Cornerback </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date of birth : </Th> <Td> ( 1967 - 08 - 09 ) August 9 , 1967 ( age 50 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Place of birth : </Th> <Td> Fort Myers , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Height : </Th> <Td> 6 ft 1 in ( 1.85 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weight : </Th> <Td> 198 lb ( 90 kg ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> High school : </Th> <Td> North Fort Myers ( FL ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> College : </Th> <Td> Florida State </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NFL Draft : </Th> <Td> 1989 / Round : 1 / Pick : 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career history </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Atlanta Falcons ( 1989 -- 1993 ) </Li> <Li> San Francisco 49ers ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> Dallas Cowboys ( 1995 -- 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Washington Redskins ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Baltimore Ravens ( 2004 -- 2005 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career highlights and awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> 2 × Super Bowl champion ( XXIX , XXX ) </Li> <Li> 8 × Pro Bowl ( 1991 -- 1994 , 1996 -- 1999 ) </Li> <Li> 8 × First - team All - Pro ( 1991 -- 1994 , 1996 -- 1999 ) </Li> <Li> NFL Defensive Player of the Year ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> NFL 1990s All - Decade Team </Li> <Li> Atlanta Falcons Ring of Honor </Li> <Li> Jim Thorpe Award ( 1988 ) </Li> <Li> 2 × Unanimous All - American ( 1987 , 1988 ) </Li> <Li> Florida State Seminoles No. 2 retired </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career NFL statistics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Interceptions : </Th> <Td> 53 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defensive touchdowns : </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Return touchdowns : </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Receptions : </Th> <Td> 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Receiving yards : </Th> <Td> 784 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Receiving touchdowns : </Th> <Td> 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Player stats at NFL.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Player stats at PFR </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Pro Football Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> College Football Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Deion Luywnn Sanders Sr. ( / ˈdiːɒn / ; born August 9 , 1967 ) , nicknamed Primetime , is a former American football and baseball player who works as an analyst for CBS Sports and the NFL Network . He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2011 . </P> <P> Sanders played football primarily at cornerback , but also as a kick returner , punt returner and occasionally wide receiver . He played in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the Atlanta Falcons , the San Francisco 49ers , the Dallas Cowboys , the Washington Redskins and the Baltimore Ravens , winning the Super Bowl with both the 49ers and the Cowboys . An outfielder in baseball , he played professionally for the New York Yankees , the Atlanta Braves , the Cincinnati Reds and the San Francisco Giants , and participated in the 1992 World Series with the Braves . He attended Florida State University , where he was recognized as a two - time All - American in football , and also played baseball and ran track . </P> <P> Sanders founded the Prime Prep Academy charter school in 2012 and has coached at the school . The school was closed January 30 , 2015 , due to financial insolvency . In 2014 , he debuted his new show , the Deion Family Playbook . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life <Ul> <Li> 1.1 High school </Li> <Li> 1.2 College career </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Professional baseball career </Li> <Li> 3 Professional football career <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Draft and Atlanta Falcons </Li> <Li> 3.2 San Francisco 49ers </Li> <Li> 3.3 Dallas Cowboys </Li> <Li> 3.4 Washington Redskins </Li> <Li> 3.5 Baltimore Ravens </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Legacy </Li> <Li> 5 Media appearances and pop culture fame </Li> <Li> 6 Other business and entertainment ventures </Li> <Li> 7 Discography </Li> <Li> 8 Personal life </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <H3> High school ( edit ) </H3> <P> Sanders was born in Fort Myers , Florida . He attended North Fort Myers High School in North Fort Myers , and was a letterman and All - State honoree in football , basketball and baseball . In 1985 , Sanders was named to the Florida High School Association All - Century Team which selected the top 33 players in the 100 - year history of high school football in the state . </P> <P> The Kansas City Royals selected Sanders out of North Fort Myers High School in the sixth round of the 1985 Major League Baseball draft . He did not sign with the Royals . </P> <H3> College career ( edit ) </H3> Sanders at Florida State <P> Sanders enrolled at Florida State University and played three sports for the Florida State Seminoles : football , baseball , and track . Beginning his freshman year , he started in the Seminoles ' secondary , played outfield for the baseball team that finished fifth in the nation , and helped lead the track and field team to a conference championship . </P> <P> Under head coach Bobby Bowden , Sanders was a two - time consensus All - American cornerback in 1987

Deion Sanders was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame as a

Who did deion sanders go in the hall of fame as?

-8650104853556692961

Manchester United F.C. - Wikipedia <H1> Manchester United F.C. </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` MUFC '' and `` Manchester United '' redirect here . For other uses , see MUFC ( disambiguation ) . For the basketball team , see Manchester Eagles . Not to be confused with F.C. United of Manchester . <Table> Manchester United <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Full name </Th> <Td> Manchester United Football Club </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nickname ( s ) </Th> <Td> The Red Devils </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Short name </Th> <Td> MUFC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> 1878 ; 140 years ago ( 1878 ) , as Newton Heath LYR F.C. 1902 ; 116 years ago ( 1902 ) , as Manchester United F.C. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ground </Th> <Td> Old Trafford </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ground Capacity </Th> <Td> 74,994 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Manchester United plc ( NYSE : MANU ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Co-chairmen </Th> <Td> Joel and Avram Glazer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Manager </Th> <Td> José Mourinho </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> League </Th> <Td> Premier League </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2016 -- 17 </Th> <Td> Premier League , 6th of 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> Club website </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Home colours </Td> <Td> Away colours </Td> <Td> Third colours </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Current season </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford , Greater Manchester , England , that competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . Nicknamed `` the Red Devils '' , the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878 , changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium , Old Trafford , in 1910 . </P> <P> Manchester United have won a record 20 League titles , 12 FA Cups , 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields . The club has also won three UEFA Champions Leagues , one UEFA Europa League , one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup . In 1998 -- 99 , the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the treble of the Premier League , the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League . In 2016 -- 17 , by winning the UEFA Europa League , they became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions . In addition , they became the only professional English club to have won every ongoing honour available to the first team that is organised by a national or international governing body . </P> <P> The 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players . In 1968 , under the management of Matt Busby , Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup . Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as manager , including 13 Premier League titles , 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues , between 1986 and 2013 , when he announced his retirement . José Mourinho is the club 's current manager , having been appointed on 27 May 2016 . </P> <P> Manchester United was the highest - earning football club in the world for 2016 -- 17 , with an annual revenue of € 676.3 million , and the world 's most valuable football club in 2017 , valued at £ 2.86 billion . As of June 2015 , it is the world 's most valuable football brand , estimated to be worth $1.2 billion . After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991 , the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost £ 800 million , after which the company was taken private again , before going public once more in August 2012 , when they made an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange . Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world , and has its strongest rivalries with Liverpool , Manchester City and Leeds United . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Early years ( 1878 -- 1945 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Busby years ( 1945 -- 1969 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 1969 -- 1986 </Li> <Li> 1.4 Ferguson years ( 1986 -- 2013 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5 2013 -- present </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Crest and colours <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Kit evolution </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Grounds </Li> <Li> 4 Support <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Rivalries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Global brand <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Sponsorship </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Ownership and finances </Li> <Li> 7 Players <Ul> <Li> 7.1 First - team squad <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 1 Out on loan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.2 Reserves and academy </Li> <Li> 7.3 Former players </Li> <Li> 7.4 Club captains </Li> <Li> 7.5 Player records </Li> <Li> 7.6 Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Club officials <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Managerial history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Honours <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Domestic <Ul> <Li> 9.1. 1 League </Li> <Li> 9.1. 2 Cups </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9.2 European </Li> <Li> 9.3 Worldwide </Li> <Li> 9.4 Doubles and Trebles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> History </H2> <H3> Early years ( 1878 -- 1945 ) </H3> Main article : History of Manchester United F.C. ( 1878 -- 1945 ) A chart showing the progress of Manchester United through the English football league system from joining as Newton Heath in 1892 -- 93 to the present <P> Manchester United was formed in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR Football Club

The name of Manchester United's stadium is

What is the name of manchester united stadium?

1706317595158666491

get closer to the horse and offer him some seaweed . The hungry stallion finds himself unable to resist , but visibly struggles with his distrust for humans . Eventually , the hunger wins and he takes Alec 's offer ; their bond has been sealed and the two are now inseparable . Alec even manages to ride the unbroken horse , after many times falling off the horse . One day , a fishing ship arrives , rescuing both Alec and the stallion . </P> <P> Back home in Flushing , NY , Alec is given a hero 's welcome . The Black has a temporary home in Alec 's backyard , but a garbage man not knowing that there is a wild horse in the backyard is chased by the Black , who races off down the street after being spooked by a passing car . Alec chases after him through every part of town , but loses track of him . The next day , Alec meets Snoe ( and Napoleon ) who tell him where the Black is . Alec finds the stallion in the barn of Henry Dailey , a retired jockey and racehorse trainer , who apparently spent all night catching the Black . Henry allows Alec to keep the Black in his barn . </P> <P> When Alec wonders how fast the Black is , Alec and Henry decide to train the Black for the racetrack , while Henry teaches Alec how to be a jockey . The Black surprises Henry with his speed . Henry immediately starts plotting to get the Black into a match race between two of the country 's current champions , to be held at Santa Anita , California . To do that , he sets up a secret demonstration at night where the press can witness his speed , keeping the identity of Alec and the Black secret . The news about the mystery horse is soon widespread and the Black is entered into the race . </P> <P> The race is the most anticipated horse - racing event of the year . Before the two champions and the Black enter the starting gate , the Black gets into a fight with one of his opponents , wounding his leg . Alec does not see the wound until he is in the gate . As he dismounts , the bell rings and the horses take off . Alec desperately tries to stay on his horse and trying to stop him . He falls behind , but the Black wo n't stop . When Alec regains his balance , the Black is well on his way to catch up with his opponents . Alec now encourages the Black to run as fast as he can , remembering the wild rides on the island , as they catch up . The Black eventually wins by two lengths . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Kelly Reno as Alec Ramsay </Li> <Li> Mickey Rooney as Henry Dailey </Li> <Li> Teri Garr as Mrs. Ramsay , Alec 's mother </Li> <Li> Hoyt Axton as Mr. Ramsay , Alec 's father </Li> <Li> Clarence Muse as Snoe </Li> <Li> Michael Higgins as Jim Neville </Li> <Li> Ed McNamara as Jake </Li> <Li> Doghmi Larbi as Arab </Li> <Li> John Burton as Jockey No. 1 </Li> <Li> John Buchanan as Jockey No. 2 </Li> <Li> Kristen Vigard as Becky </Li> <Li> Fausto Tozzi as Rescue Captain </Li> <Li> John Karlsen as Archeologist </Li> <Li> Leopoldo Trieste as Priest </Li> <Li> Frank Cousins as African Chieftain </Li> <Li> Don Hudson as Zaurog </Li> <Li> Marne Maitland as Drake Captain </Li> <Li> Tom Dahlgren as Veterinarian </Li> </Ul> <H3> Horses ( edit ) </H3> <P> Cass Ole , a champion Arabian stallion , was featured in most of the movie 's scenes , with Fae Jur , another black Arabian stallion , being his main double . Fae Jur 's main scene is the one where Alec is trying to gain the trust of the Black on the beach . Two other stunt doubles were used for running , fighting and swimming scenes . </P> <P> El Mokhtar , an Egyptian Arabian racehorse , was the producers ' first choice to portray the Black , but they were unable to secure his services for the film from his owners , who declined any offers . He does appear in The Black Stallion Returns , alongside Cass Ole , by which time the studio bought out the syndicate of owners in order to secure El Mokhtar 's services . </P> <P> Napoleon was portrayed by Junior , who previously appeared in National Lampoon 's Animal House as Trooper , Niedermeyer 's horse . </P> <H2> Awards and honors ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Academy Awards ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film received two nominations for the Academy Awards : </P> <Ul> <Li> Mickey Rooney was nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting Role . </Li> <Li> Robert Dalva was nominated for Best Film Editing . </Li> </Ul> <P> In addition , Alan Splet was awarded with a Special Achievement Award for sound editing . </P> <H3> Golden Globe Awards ( edit ) </H3> <P> Carmine Coppola was nominated for Best Original Score at the Golden Globe Awards . He later won the award in this category for his score of Apocalypse Now . </P> <H3> British Academy Awards ( edit ) </H3> <P> Caleb Deschanel was nominated for Best Cinematography by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards . </P> <H3> La film Critics Awards ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film received two awards from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards for Best Cinematography ( Caleb Deschanel ) and Best Music ( Carmine Coppola ) . </P> <H3> Others ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film also won the 1979 National Society of Film Critics award for Best Cinematography . </P> <P> In 2002 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress

The mother in the movie "The Black Stallion" was played by

Who played the mother in the black stallion?

-5670674709553776773

The Proud Family ( soundtrack ) - Wikipedia <H1> The Proud Family ( soundtrack ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Proud Family </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by Various Artists </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> April 20 , 2004 August 16 , 2005 ( Re-release ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Soul , hip hop , hip hop soul </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Walt Disney </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Proud Family is a soundtrack album for the show of the same name . A combination of both original tunes by the characters in the show , popular hits by popular music artists such as Alicia Keys , Jhené Aiko , India Arie , and Solange Knowles & Destiny 's Child ( who perform the theme song ) , and classic soul music from artists such as Aretha Franklin and The O'Jays . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This soundtrack - related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Proud_Family_(soundtrack)&oldid=638462881 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Television animation soundtracks </Li> <Li> 2004 soundtracks </Li> <Li> Hip hop soundtracks </Li> <Li> Soul soundtracks </Li> <Li> Walt Disney Records soundtracks </Li> <Li> Soundtrack stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles lacking sources from December 2009 </Li> <Li> All articles lacking sources </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 17 December 2014 , at 07 : 09 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The theme song for The Proud Family is sung by

Who sings the theme song for the proud family?