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gq: A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they believed to be miraculous moves of God there. These Pentecost-like manifestations have steadily been in evidence throughout the history, such as seen in the two Great Awakenings. Pentecostalism, which in turn birthed the Charismatic movement within already established denominations, continues to be an important force in Western Christianity.

Question: What modern movement began in the 20th century? Question: What were the roots of the modern Pentecostal movement? Question: What type of mission was the birthplace of the modern Pentecostal movement? Question: In what city did the modern Pentecostal movement begin? Question: What movement did Pentecostalism create?

gq: In the United States and elsewhere in the world, there has been a marked rise in the evangelical wing of Protestant denominations, especially those that are more exclusively evangelical, and a corresponding decline in the mainstream liberal churches. In the post–World War I era, Liberal Christianity was on the rise, and a considerable number of seminaries held and taught from a liberal perspective as well. In the post–World War II era, the trend began to swing back towards the conservative camp in America's seminaries and church structures.

Question: Where has there been a rise in evangelical Protestantism? Question: What type of evangelical churches are the most popular? Question: What type of churches have declined? Question: When did Liberal Christianity increase? Question: When did conservative churches start to increase?

gq: In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism. The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the spread of secularism. Several scholars have argued for a link between the rise of secularism and Protestantism, attributing it to the wide-ranging freedom in the Protestant countries. In North America, South America and Australia Christian religious observance is much higher than in Europe. United States remains particularly religious in comparison to other developed countries. South America, historically Roman Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Question: What direction has Europe moved towards? Question: What caused the spread of secularism? Question: What areas have a higher rate of Christian observance? Question: What country is more religious than other developed nations? Question: When did South America show an increase in Evangelicals?

gq: In the view of many associated with the Radical Reformation, the Magisterial Reformation had not gone far enough. Radical Reformer, Andreas von Bodenstein Karlstadt, for example, referred to the Lutheran theologians at Wittenberg as the "new papists". Since the term "magister" also means "teacher", the Magisterial Reformation is also characterized by an emphasis on the authority of a teacher. This is made evident in the prominence of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli as leaders of the reform movements in their respective areas of ministry. Because of their authority, they were often criticized by Radical Reformers as being too much like the Roman Popes. A more political side of the Radical Reformation can be seen in the thought and practice of Hans Hut, although typically Anabaptism has been associated with pacifism.

Question: Which reformation was seen as not being effective enough? Question: What did Karlstadt call Lutheran theologians? Question: What is another name for magister? Question: What were reform movement leaders compared to? Question: What has been linked with pacifism?

gq: Protestants reject the Roman Catholic Church's doctrine that it is the one true church, believing in the invisible church, which consists of all who profess faith in Jesus Christ. Some Protestant denominations are less accepting of other denominations, and the basic orthodoxy of some is questioned by most of the others. Individual denominations also have formed over very subtle theological differences. Other denominations are simply regional or ethnic expressions of the same beliefs. Because the five solas are the main tenets of the Protestant faith, non-denominational groups and organizations are also considered Protestant.

Question: What Catholic doctrine do Protestants not believe in? Question: What type of church do Protestants believe in? Question: Who comprises the invisible church? Question: What is the name of the main principles of Protestantism? Question: What other entities are also considered to be Protestant?

gq: Various ecumenical movements have attempted cooperation or reorganization of the various divided Protestant denominations, according to various models of union, but divisions continue to outpace unions, as there is no overarching authority to which any of the churches owe allegiance, which can authoritatively define the faith. Most denominations share common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith while differing in many secondary doctrines, although what is major and what is secondary is a matter of idiosyncratic belief.

Question: What type of movements have tried to unite Protestant denominations? Question: Which is larger, divisions or unions of Protestantism? Question: What beliefs do most denominations agree on? Question: What types of doctrines do denominations not agree on? Question: What type of belief defines what is a major or minor doctrine?

gq: Several countries have established their national churches, linking the ecclesiastical structure with the state. Jurisdictions where a Protestant denomination has been established as a state religion include several Nordic countries; Denmark (including Greenland), the Faroe Islands (its church being independent since 2007), Iceland and Norway have established Evangelical Lutheran churches. Tuvalu has the only established church in Reformed tradition in the world, while Tonga—in the Methodist tradition. The Church of England is the officially established religious institution in England, and also the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion.

Question: What do national churches bring together? Question: How long has the Faroe Islands church been independent? Question: Who has the only Reformed church? Question: What type of church does Tonga have? Question: Who is the head church of the Anglican Communion?

gq: Protestants can be differentiated according to how they have been influenced by important movements since the Reformation, today regarded as branches. Some of these movements have a common lineage, sometimes directly spawning individual denominations. Due to the earlier stated multitude of denominations, this section discusses only the largest denominational families, or branches, widely considered to be a part of Protestantism. These are, in alphabetical order: Adventist, Anglican, Baptist, Calvinist (Reformed), Lutheran, Methodist and Pentecostal. A small but historically significant Anabaptist branch is also discussed.

Question: What created the differentiation of Protestant branches? Question: What do some branches share in common? Question: What is another name for denominational families? Question: What are the major branches of Protestantism? Question: What small branch of Protestantism will also be discussed?

gq: Although the Adventist churches hold much in common, their theologies differ on whether the intermediate state is unconscious sleep or consciousness, whether the ultimate punishment of the wicked is annihilation or eternal torment, the nature of immortality, whether or not the wicked are resurrected after the millennium, and whether the sanctuary of Daniel 8 refers to the one in heaven or one on earth. The movement has encouraged the examination of the whole Bible, leading Seventh-day Adventists and some smaller Adventist groups to observe the Sabbath. The General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists has compiled that church's core beliefs in the 28 Fundamental Beliefs (1980 and 2005), which use Biblical references as justification.

Question: What belief about ultimate punishment do Adventists disagree on? Question: The Adventist movement has encouraged examining what in full? Question: What Adventist groups observe the Sabbath? Question: What is the name of the Seventh-day Adventist's core beliefs? Question: What is used for justification of the 28 Fundamental Beliefs?

gq: The name Anabaptist, meaning "one who baptizes again", was given them by their persecutors in reference to the practice of re-baptizing converts who already had been baptized as infants. Anabaptists required that baptismal candidates be able to make their own confessions of faith and so rejected baptism of infants. The early members of this movement did not accept the name Anabaptist, claiming that since infant baptism was unscriptural and null and void, the baptizing of believers was not a re-baptism but in fact their first real baptism. As a result of their views on the nature of baptism and other issues, Anabaptists were heavily persecuted during the 16th century and into the 17th by both Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics.[aa] While most Anabaptists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Sermon on the Mount, which precluded taking oaths, participating in military actions, and participating in civil government, some who practiced re-baptism felt otherwise.[ab] They were thus technically Anabaptists, even though conservative Amish, Mennonites, and Hutterites and some historians tend to consider them as outside of true Anabaptism. Anabaptist reformers of the Radical Reformation are diveded into Radical and the so-called Second Front. Some important Radical Reformation theologians were John of Leiden, Thomas Müntzer, Kaspar Schwenkfeld, Sebastian Franck, Menno Simons. Second Front Reformers included Hans Denck, Conrad Grebel, Balthasar Hubmaier and Felix Manz.

Question: What does the word Anabaptist describe? Question: Who named the Anabaptists? Question: What baptism do Anabaptists reject? Question: Who persecuted the Anabaptists in the 16th century? Question: Hans Denck was considered what type of reformer?

gq: Anglicanism comprises the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or hold similar beliefs, worship practices and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English Church. There is no single "Anglican Church" with universal juridical authority, since each national or regional church has full autonomy. As the name suggests, the communion is an association of churches in full communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury. The great majority of Anglicans are members of churches which are part of the international Anglican Communion, which has 80 million adherents.

Question: When did the word Anglican begin? Question: What does Anglican mean? Question: What power does each national or regional church possess? Question: Who do the Anglican churches have communion with? Question: How many Anglican Communion members are there in the world?

gq: The Church of England declared its independence from the Catholic Church at the time of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Many of the new Anglican formularies of the mid-16th century corresponded closely to those of contemporary Reformed tradition. These reforms were understood by one of those most responsible for them, the then Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, as navigating a middle way between two of the emerging Protestant traditions, namely Lutheranism and Calvinism. By the end of the century, the retention in Anglicanism of many traditional liturgical forms and of the episcopate was already seen as unacceptable by those promoting the most developed Protestant principles.

Question: Who did the Church of England split from? Question: At what time did the Church of England become independent? Question: Who headed the Anglican reforms in the middle of the 16th century? Question: The Church of England's reforms put it in the middle of what two traditions? Question: What liturgical forms in Anglicanism were considered unacceptable by many progressive Protestants?

gq: Baptists subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and that it must be done by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling). Other tenets of Baptist churches include soul competency (liberty), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation. Baptists recognize two ministerial offices, pastors and deacons. Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant churches, though some Baptists disavow this identity.

Question: According to Baptists, who should have baptisms? Question: What type of baptism do Baptists conduct? Question: What is another term for soul competency? Question: What two offices do Baptists have? Question: What type of churches are most Baptists churches considered to be?

gq: Historians trace the earliest church labeled Baptist back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership, as did the preachers' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery, which had been part of the 18th-century teachings. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent.

Question: Where was the earliest Baptist church founded? Question: Who was the pastor of the first Baptist church? Question: Who believed that Christ's atonement was for everyone? Question: Who founded the first Baptist group in what is now the United States? Question: Who has spread the teachings of the Baptists to each continent?

gq: Today, this term also refers to the doctrines and practices of the Reformed churches of which Calvin was an early leader. Less commonly, it can refer to the individual teaching of Calvin himself. The particulars of Calvinist theology may be stated in a number of ways. Perhaps the best known summary is contained in the five points of Calvinism, though these points identify the Calvinist view on soteriology rather than summarizing the system as a whole. Broadly speaking, Calvinism stresses the sovereignty or rule of God in all things — in salvation but also in all of life. This concept is seen clearly in the doctrines of predestination and total depravity.

Question: Who was an early leader in the Reformed churches? Question: What is the most well-known summary of Calvin's teachings? Question: What area does the five points of Calvinism focus on? Question: What is a brief description of Calvinism? Question: What Calvinism doctrines are examples of the concept of the sovereignty of God?

gq: Today, Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism. With approximately 80 million adherents, it constitutes the third most common Protestant confession after historically Pentecostal denominations and Anglicanism. The Lutheran World Federation, the largest global communion of Lutheran churches represents over 72 million people. Additionally, there are also many smaller bodies such as the International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference, as well as independent churches.

Question: What is one of the largest Protestant branches with 80 million members? Question: How popular is the branch of Lutheranism? Question: What is the largest body of Lutheran churches? Question: How many people belong to the Lutheran World Federation? Question: Name two smaller Lutheran church bodies.

gq: Methodism identifies principally with the theology of John Wesley—an Anglican priest and evangelist. This evangelical movement originated as a revival within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate Church following Wesley's death. Because of vigorous missionary activity, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, the United States, and beyond, today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide. Originally it appealed especially to workers, agricultural workers, and slaves.

Question: Who was the inspiration for Methodism? Question: What was John Wesley's occupation? Question: How did the Methodist movement spread so far and wide? Question: How many Methodists are there in the world today? Question: Who did Methodism originally attract?

gq: Soteriologically, most Methodists are Arminian, emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of monergism). Methodism is traditionally low church in liturgy, although this varies greatly between individual congregations; the Wesleys themselves greatly valued the Anglican liturgy and tradition. Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition; John Wesley's brother, Charles, was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church, and many other eminent hymn writers come from the Methodist tradition.

Question: Methodists believe that Christ achieved salvation for whom? Question: What do Methodists believe that one must do to receive Christ's salvation? Question: What Calvinist doctrine is focuses on salvation? Question: What is Methodism known for, as far as music goes? Question: Who wrote most of the Methodist hymns?

gq: This branch of Protestantism is distinguished by belief in the baptism with the Holy Spirit as an experience separate from conversion that enables a Christian to live a Holy Spirit–filled and empowered life. This empowerment includes the use of spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues and divine healing—two other defining characteristics of Pentecostalism. Because of their commitment to biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous, Pentecostals tend to see their movement as reflecting the same kind of spiritual power and teachings that were found in the Apostolic Age of the early church. For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term Apostolic or Full Gospel to describe their movement.

Question: Pentecostals believe in baptism with what entity? Question: Give two examples of spiritual gifts. Question: What three things are Pentecostals committed to? Question: Pentecostals liken their teachings to those of what age? Question: What are other terms used to describe Pentecostalism?

gq: Pentecostalism eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations, including large groups such as the Assemblies of God and the Church of God in Christ, both in the United States and elsewhere. There are over 279 million Pentecostals worldwide, and the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the global South. Since the 1960s, Pentecostalism has increasingly gained acceptance from other Christian traditions, and Pentecostal beliefs concerning Spirit baptism and spiritual gifts have been embraced by non-Pentecostal Christians in Protestant and Catholic churches through the Charismatic Movement. Together, Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity numbers over 500 million adherents.

Question: How many denominations were spawned by Pentecostalism? Question: How many Pentecostals are there in the world? Question: Where is Pentecostalism currently growing the most? Question: What movement has caused non-Pentecostal churches to accept some Pentecostal beliefs? Question: Who can claim over 500 million members?

gq: There are many other Protestant denominations that do not fit neatly into the mentioned branches, and are far smaller in membership. Some groups of individuals who hold basic Protestant tenets identify themselves simply as "Christians" or "born-again Christians". They typically distance themselves from the confessionalism and/or creedalism of other Christian communities by calling themselves "non-denominational" or "evangelical". Often founded by individual pastors, they have little affiliation with historic denominations.

Question: What do some groups of people who believe in basic Protestant principles identify as? Question: What denomination do these small groups belong to? Question: Who has founded these small groups of Christians? Question: How much affiliation do these small groups have with historical denominations?

gq: The Plymouth Brethren are a conservative, low church, evangelical movement, whose history can be traced to Dublin, Ireland, in the late 1820s, originating from Anglicanism. Among other beliefs, the group emphasizes sola scriptura. Brethren generally see themselves not as a denomination, but as a network, or even as a collection of overlapping networks, of like-minded independent churches. Although the group refused for many years to take any denominational name to itself—a stance that some of them still maintain—the title The Brethren, is one that many of their number are comfortable with in that the Bible designates all believers as brethren.

Question: Where do the Plymouth Brethren hail from? Question: When did the Plymouth Brethren originate? Question: What denomination do the Brethren originate from? Question: What belief is the emphasis of the Plymouth Brethren? Question: Though the Plymouth Brethren do not have a denominational name, what name is generally used for them?

gq: Quakers, or Friends, are members of a family of religious movements collectively known as the Religious Society of Friends. The central unifying doctrine of these movements is the priesthood of all believers. Many Friends view themselves as members of a Christian denomination. They include those with evangelical, holiness, liberal, and traditional conservative Quaker understandings of Christianity. Unlike many other groups that emerged within Christianity, the Religious Society of Friends has actively tried to avoid creeds and hierarchical structures.

Question: What is another informal name for Quaker? Question: What collective movement are the Quakers associated with? Question: What is the Quakers unifying belief? Question: What types of Christianity do Quakers belong to? Question: What have the Quakers tried to avoid?

gq: There are also Christian movements which cross denominational lines and even branches, and cannot be classified on the same level previously mentioned forms. Evangelicalism is a prominent example. Some of those movements are active exclusively within Protestantism, some are Christian-wide. Transdenominational movements are sometimes capable of affecting parts of the Roman Catholic Church, such as does it the Charismatic Movement, which aims to incorporate beliefs and practices similar to Pentecostals into the various branches of Christianity. Neo-charismatic churches are sometimes regarded as a subgroup of the Charismatic Movement. Nondenominational churches often adopt, or are akin to one of these movements.

Question: What is a prominent example of a movement which crosses over denominational lines? Question: Which movement actually affected the Catholic Church? Question: What groups beliefs does the Charismatic Movement seek to add to branches of Christianity? Question: Name a sub-group of the Charismatic Movement. Question: What other types of churches often adopt charismatic or evangelical beliefs?

gq: It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America. The origins of Evangelicalism are usually traced back to the English Methodist movement, Nicolaus Zinzendorf, the Moravian Church, Lutheran pietism, Presbyterianism and Puritanism. Among leaders and major figures of the Evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones.

Question: What period saw a large upswing in Evangelicalism? Question: Where did the Great Awakenings increase interest in Evangelicalism? Question: Methodism is part of what movement? Question: What man is associated with the beginnings of Evangelicalism?

gq: In America, Episcopalian Dennis Bennett is sometimes cited as one of the charismatic movement's seminal influence. In the United Kingdom, Colin Urquhart, Michael Harper, David Watson and others were in the vanguard of similar developments. The Massey conference in New Zealand, 1964 was attended by several Anglicans, including the Rev. Ray Muller, who went on to invite Bennett to New Zealand in 1966, and played a leading role in developing and promoting the Life in the Spirit seminars. Other Charismatic movement leaders in New Zealand include Bill Subritzky.

Question: What American is considered to have been a seminal influence in the charismatic movement? Question: Name UK influences on the Charismatic movement. Question: Where was the Massey conference held? Question: When was the Massey conference held? Question: The Massey conference eventually led to developing what seminars?

gq: Larry Christenson, a Lutheran theologian based in San Pedro, California, did much in the 1960s and 1970s to interpret the charismatic movement for Lutherans. A very large annual conference regarding that matter was held in Minneapolis. Charismatic Lutheran congregations in Minnesota became especially large and influential; especially "Hosanna!" in Lakeville, and North Heights in St. Paul. The next generation of Lutheran charismatics cluster around the Alliance of Renewal Churches. There is considerable charismatic activity among young Lutheran leaders in California centered around an annual gathering at Robinwood Church in Huntington Beach. Richard A. Jensen's Touched by the Spirit published in 1974, played a major role of the Lutheran understanding to the charismatic movement.

Question: Who helped Lutherans understand the charismatic movement in the 1960s? Question: In what state did charismatic Lutheran congregations grow to be quite large? Question: Where is an annual event that has quite a bit of charismatic activity? Question: Who wrote Touched by the Spirit? Question: What was published in 1974?

gq: In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts (charismata) of the Spirit. Generally, however, Reformed charismatics distance themselves from renewal movements with tendencies which could be perceived as overemotional, such as Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival. Prominent Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA, in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement, which leading figure is Terry Virgo.

Question: What is a name for gifts of the Spirit? Question: What tendencies do reformed charismatics avoid? Question: Name the renewal movements which could be considered overemotional. Question: Where is Every Nations Churches located? Question: Who heads the Newfrontiers movement?

gq: Puritans were blocked from changing the established church from within, and were severely restricted in England by laws controlling the practice of religion. Their beliefs, however, were transported by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands (and later to New England), and by evangelical clergy to Ireland (and later into Wales), and were spread into lay society and parts of the educational system, particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge. They took on distinctive beliefs about clerical dress and in opposition to the episcopal system, particularly after the 1619 conclusions of the Synod of Dort they were resisted by the English bishops. They largely adopted Sabbatarianism in the 17th century, and were influenced by millennialism.

Question: What group was very much hampered in England from making changes? Question: What college was influenced by Puritan beliefs? Question: When was the Synod of Dort? Question: What movement did the Puritans adopt in the 17th century? Question: What movement influenced the Puritans?

gq: They formed, and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva. In church polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of autonomous gathered churches. These separatist and independent strands of Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national church.

Question: What types of piety did the Puritans advocate? Question: What type of theology did Puritans accept? Question: Where was Calvin criticized? Question: When did separatists become powerful in Puritanism? Question: At what gathering were supporters unsuccessful in establishing a new national church?

gq: Although the Reformation was a religious movement, it also had a strong impact on all other aspects of life: marriage and family, education, the humanities and sciences, the political and social order, the economy, and the arts. Protestant churches reject the idea of a celibate priesthood and thus allow their clergy to marry. Many of their families contributed to the development of intellectual elites in their countries. Since about 1950, women have entered the ministry, and some have assumed leading positions (e.g. bishops), in most Protestant churches.

Question: What religious movement affected education, politics, the economy, and marriage? Question: What churches let their clergy marry? Question: What priesthood rules do Protestant churches reject? Question: When did women join the Protestant ministry? Question: What types of churches have women had leading positions?

gq: As the Reformers wanted all members of the church to be able to read the Bible, education on all levels got a strong boost. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the literacy rate in England was about 60 per cent, in Scotland 65 per cent, and in Sweden eight of ten men and women were able to read and to write. Colleges and universities were founded. For example, the Puritans who established Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628 founded Harvard College only eight years later. About a dozen other colleges followed in the 18th century, including Yale (1701). Pennsylvania also became a centre of learning.

Question: What did Reformers increase so that their followers could read the Bible? Question: In the middle of the eighteenth century, how many Swedes could read and write? Question: Who founded Harvard College? Question: When was Yale founded? Question: What state became a hub of learning?

gq: The Protestant concept of God and man allows believers to use all their God-given faculties, including the power of reason. That means that they are allowed to explore God's creation and, according to Genesis 2:15, make use of it in a responsible and sustainable way. Thus a cultural climate was created that greatly enhanced the development of the humanities and the sciences. Another consequence of the Protestant understanding of man is that the believers, in gratitude for their election and redemption in Christ, are to follow God's commandments. Industry, frugality, calling, discipline, and a strong sense of responsibility are at the heart of their moral code. In particular, Calvin rejected luxury. Therefore, craftsmen, industrialists, and other businessmen were able to reinvest the greater part of their profits in the most efficient machinery and the most modern production methods that were based on progress in the sciences and technology. As a result, productivity grew, which led to increased profits and enabled employers to pay higher wages. In this way, the economy, the sciences, and technology reinforced each other. The chance to participate in the economic success of technological inventions was a strong incentive to both inventors and investors. The Protestant work ethic was an important force behind the unplanned and uncoordinated mass action that influenced the development of capitalism and the Industrial Revolution. This idea is also known as the "Protestant ethic thesis."

Question: What is the heart of the Protestant moral code? Question: What did Calvin particular reject? Question: What was a strong reason for inventors and investors to work on technical inventions? Question: What work ethic was an influence on capitalism and the Industrial Revolution? Question: What is another name for the Protestant work ethic?

gq: In a factor analysis of the latest wave of World Values Survey data, Arno Tausch (Corvinus University of Budapest) found that Protestantism emerges to be very close to combining religion and the traditions of liberalism. The Global Value Development Index, calculated by Tausch, relies on the World Values Survey dimensions such as trust in the state of law, no support for shadow economy, postmaterial activism, support for democracy, a non-acceptance of violence, xenophobia and racism, trust in transnational capital and Universities, confidence in the market economy, supporting gender justice, and engaging in environmental activism, etc.

Question: Who calculated the Global Value Development Index? Question: Who did an analysis of World Values Survey data? Question: What university is Arno Tausch from? Question: What does a good job of combining religion and liberalism? Question: What type of engagement is considered a World Value?

gq: Episcopalians and Presbyterians, as well as other WASPs, tend to be considerably wealthier and better educated (having graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita) than most other religious groups in United States, and are disproportionately represented in the upper reaches of American business, law and politics, especially the Republican Party. Numbers of the most wealthy and affluent American families as the Vanderbilts and the Astors, Rockefeller, Du Pont, Roosevelt, Forbes, Whitneys, the Morgans and Harrimans are Mainline Protestant families.

Question: What denominations are considered to be wealthier than most other groups? Question: What denominations are considered to be better educated than most other groups? Question: Other than politics, what areas have a disproportionately large number of Protestants? Question: What political group has a disproportionately large number of Protestants? Question: Affluent American families are what type of families?

gq: Protestantism has had an important influence on science. According to the Merton Thesis, there was a positive correlation between the rise of English Puritanism and German Pietism on the one hand and early experimental science on the other. The Merton Thesis has two separate parts: Firstly, it presents a theory that science changes due to an accumulation of observations and improvement in experimental technique and methodology; secondly, it puts forward the argument that the popularity of science in 17th-century England and the religious demography of the Royal Society (English scientists of that time were predominantly Puritans or other Protestants) can be explained by a correlation between Protestantism and the scientific values. Merton focused on English Puritanism and German Pietism as having been responsible for the development of the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries. He explained that the connection between religious affiliation and interest in science was the result of a significant synergy between the ascetic Protestant values and those of modern science. Protestant values encouraged scientific research by allowing science to identify God's influence on the world—his creation—and thus providing a religious justification for scientific research.

Question: The rise of English Puritanism and German Pietism resulted in a corresponding rise in what? Question: What other reason did Merton believe causes science to advance? Question: What religions were English scientists in the 17th century? Question: What religions did Merton think caused the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries? Question: What values were thought to have a significant synergy?

gq: In the Middle Ages, the Church and the worldly authorities were closely related. Martin Luther separated the religious and the worldly realms in principle (doctrine of the two kingdoms). The believers were obliged to use reason to govern the worldly sphere in an orderly and peaceful way. Luther's doctrine of the priesthood of all believers upgraded the role of laymen in the church considerably. The members of a congregation had the right to elect a minister and, if necessary, to vote for his dismissal (Treatise On the right and authority of a Christian assembly or congregation to judge all doctrines and to call, install and dismiss teachers, as testified in Scripture; 1523). Calvin strengthened this basically democratic approach by including elected laymen (church elders, presbyters) in his representative church government. The Huguenots added regional synods and a national synod, whose members were elected by the congregations, to Calvin's system of church self-government. This system was taken over by the other reformed churches.

Question: What was the name of the doctrine that separated church and non-religious affairs? Question: What were Luther's followers advised to use when governing worldly affairs? Question: When was the treatise that allowed a congregation to elect or remove a minister? Question: Who added the election of laymen to church government? Question: Who added synods to church government?

gq: Politically, Calvin favoured a mixture of aristocracy and democracy. He appreciated the advantages of democracy: "It is an invaluable gift, if God allows a people to freely elect its own authorities and overlords." Calvin also thought that earthly rulers lose their divine right and must be put down when they rise up against God. To further protect the rights of ordinary people, Calvin suggested separating political powers in a system of checks and balances (separation of powers). Thus he and his followers resisted political absolutism and paved the way for the rise of modern democracy. Besides England, the Netherlands were, under Calvinist leadership, the freest country in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It granted asylum to philosophers like Baruch Spinoza and Pierre Bayle. Hugo Grotius was able to teach his natural-law theory and a relatively liberal interpretation of the Bible.

Question: What political mixture did Calvin prefer? Question: Who paved the way for modern democracy to emerge? Question: What is the term for checks and balances in a political system? Question: What philosophers were given asylum? Question: Who was allowed to teach a liberal Bible interpretation?

gq: Consistent with Calvin's political ideas, Protestants created both the English and the American democracies. In seventeenth-century England, the most important persons and events in this process were the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, John Milton, John Locke, the Glorious Revolution, the English Bill of Rights, and the Act of Settlement. Later, the British took their democratic ideals to their colonies, e.g. Australia, New Zealand, and India. In North America, Plymouth Colony (Pilgrim Fathers; 1620) and Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628) practised democratic self-rule and separation of powers. These Congregationalists were convinced that the democratic form of government was the will of God. The Mayflower Compact was a social contract.

Question: Whose democracies were created by Protestants? Question: Other than the U.S., to what colonies did the British export their democratic beliefs? Question: What other group in America practiced self-rule and separation of powers? Question: What democratic principles were followed by the Plymouth Colony? Question: What group believed that democracy was the will of God?

gq: Protestants also took the initiative in advocating for religious freedom. Freedom of conscience had high priority on the theological, philosophical, and political agendas since Luther refused to recant his beliefs before the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire at Worms (1521). In his view, faith was a free work of the Holy Spirit and could, therefore, not be forced on a person. The persecuted Anabaptists and Huguenots demanded freedom of conscience, and they practised separation of church and state. In the early seventeenth century, Baptists like John Smyth and Thomas Helwys published tracts in defense of religious freedom. Their thinking influenced John Milton and John Locke's stance on tolerance. Under the leadership of Baptist Roger Williams, Congregationalist Thomas Hooker, and Quaker William Penn, respectively, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania combined democratic constitutions with freedom of religion. These colonies became safe havens for persecuted religious minorities, including Jews. The United States Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and the American Bill of Rights with its fundamental human rights made this tradition permanent by giving it a legal and political framework. The great majority of American Protestants, both clergy and laity, strongly supported the independence movement. All major Protestant churches were represented in the First and Second Continental Congresses. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the American democracy became a model for numerous other countries and regions throughout the world (e.g., Latin America, Japan, and Germany). The strongest link between the American and French Revolutions was Marquis de Lafayette, an ardent supporter of the American constitutional principles. The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was mainly based on Lafayette's draft of this document. The United Nations Declaration and Universal Declaration of Human Rights also echo the American constitutional tradition.

Question: What group initiated the right to religious freedom? Question: Where did Luther refuse to change his beliefs? Question: What persecuted groups followed the separation of church and state? Question: Who wrote about religious freedom in the early 17th century? Question: How many American Protestants supported independence in America?

gq: Democracy, social-contract theory, separation of powers, religious freedom, separation of church and state – these achievements of the Reformation and early Protestantism were elaborated on and popularized by Enlightenment thinkers. Some of the philosophers of the English, Scottish, German, and Swiss Enlightenment - Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, John Toland, David Hume, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christian Wolff, Immanuel Kant, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau - had Protestant backgrounds. For example, John Locke, whose political thought was based on "a set of Protestant Christian assumptions", derived the equality of all humans, including the equality of the genders ("Adam and Eve"), from Genesis 1, 26-28. As all persons were created equally free, all governments needed "the consent of the governed." These Lockean ideas were fundamental to the United States Declaration of Independence, which also deduced human rights from the biblical belief in creation: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

Question: What group popularized early Protestant teachings about separation of church and state? Question: Whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence? Question: What did John Locke use as a basis for his political beliefs? Question: What scripture did Locke use as a reference for equality? Question: What Rights do the Declaration of Independence consider unalienable?

gq: Also, other human rights were advocated for by some Protestants. For example, torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740, slavery in Britain in 1834 and in the United States in 1865 (William Wilberforce, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln - against Southern Protestants). Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf were among the first thinkers who made significant contributions to international law. The Geneva Convention, an important part of humanitarian international law, was largely the work of Henry Dunant, a reformed pietist. He also founded the Red Cross.

Question: When did Prussia stop torture? Question: When did Britain end slavery? Question: Who were the first men to make large contributions to international law? Question: What international law was Henry Dunant mostly responsible for? Question: Who founded the Red Cross?

gq: Protestants have founded hospitals, homes for disabled or elderly people, educational institutions, organizations that give aid to developing countries, and other social welfare agencies. In the nineteenth century, throughout the Anglo-American world, numerous dedicated members of all Protestant denominations were active in social reform movements such as the abolition of slavery, prison reforms, and woman suffrage. As an answer to the "social question" of the nineteenth century, Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck introduced insurance programs that led the way to the welfare state (health insurance, accident insurance, disability insurance, old-age pensions). To Bismarck this was "practical Christianity". These programs, too, were copied by many other nations, particularly in the Western world.

Question: What social reform movements were Protestants working toward in the nineteen century? Question: What country started programs that led to the welfare state? Question: Who first introduced social insurance programs? Question: What did Bismarck consider social insurance programs to be? Question: What area copied Bismarck's social programs the most?

gq: World literature was enriched by the works of Edmund Spenser, John Milton, John Bunyan, John Donne, John Dryden, Daniel Defoe, William Wordsworth, Jonathan Swift, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Edgar Allan Poe, Matthew Arnold, Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, Theodor Fontane, Washington Irving, Robert Browning, Emily Dickinson, Emily Brontë, Charles Dickens, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Thomas Stearns Eliot, John Galsworthy, Thomas Mann, William Faulkner, John Updike, and many others.

Question: Samuel Taylor is listed as enriching what? Question: Edgar Allen Poe added value to literature in what area? Question: What did John Milton do for world literature? Question: What women writers were listed as contributors to world literature?

gq: The view of the Roman Catholic Church is that Protestant denominations cannot be considered churches but rather that they are ecclesial communities or specific faith-believing communities because their ordinances and doctrines are not historically the same as the Catholic sacraments and dogmas, and the Protestant communities have no sacramental ministerial priesthood and therefore lack true apostolic succession. According to Bishop Hilarion (Alfeyev) the Eastern Orthodox Church shares the same view on the subject.

Question: The Roman Catholic Church considers Protestant denominations to be what? Question: What does the Roman Catholic Church say is not comparable to their sacraments and dogmas? Question: What is lacking in Protestant priesthood, according to the Roman Catholic Church? Question: What is lacking in Protestantism, according to the Roman Catholic Church? Question: What other Church shares the Roman Catholic view on Protestant churches?

gq: Contrary to how the Protestant Reformers were often characterized, the concept of a catholic or universal Church was not brushed aside during the Protestant Reformation. On the contrary, the visible unity of the catholic or universal church was seen by the Protestant reformers as an important and essential doctrine of the Reformation. The Magisterial reformers, such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli, believed that they were reforming the Roman Catholic Church, which they viewed as having become corrupted. Each of them took very seriously the charges of schism and innovation, denying these charges and maintaining that it was the Roman Catholic Church that had left them. In order to justify their departure from the Roman Catholic Church, Protestants often posited a new argument, saying that there was no real visible Church with divine authority, only a spiritual, invisible, and hidden church—this notion began in the early days of the Protestant Reformation.

Question: Who were Magisterial reformers? Question: What institution did Martin Luther believe he was reforming? Question: What church did the Reformers claim had left them? Question: Instead of a visible church, what did Protestants believe there was? Question: When did the idea of a hidden church begin?

gq: Wherever the Magisterial Reformation, which received support from the ruling authorities, took place, the result was a reformed national Protestant church envisioned to be a part of the whole invisible church, but disagreeing, in certain important points of doctrine and doctrine-linked practice, with what had until then been considered the normative reference point on such matters, namely the Papacy and central authority of the Roman Catholic Church. The Reformed churches thus believed in some form of Catholicity, founded on their doctrines of the five solas and a visible ecclesiastical organization based on the 14th and 15th century Conciliar movement, rejecting the papacy and papal infallibility in favor of ecumenical councils, but rejecting the latest ecumenical council, the Council of Trent. Religious unity therefore became not one of doctrine and identity but one of invisible character, wherein the unity was one of faith in Jesus Christ, not common identity, doctrine, belief, and collaborative action.

Question: Who supported the Magisterial Reformation? Question: What are the doctrines of the Reformed churches called? Question: The Reformed churches based their beliefs about ecclesiastical organization on what movement? Question: What ecumenical council did the Reformed churches reject? Question: What type of character became central to religious unity in Reformed churches?

gq: The ecumenical movement has had an influence on mainline churches, beginning at least in 1910 with the Edinburgh Missionary Conference. Its origins lay in the recognition of the need for cooperation on the mission field in Africa, Asia and Oceania. Since 1948, the World Council of Churches has been influential, but ineffective in creating a united church. There are also ecumenical bodies at regional, national and local levels across the globe; but schisms still far outnumber unifications. One, but not the only expression of the ecumenical movement, has been the move to form united churches, such as the Church of South India, the Church of North India, the US-based United Church of Christ, the United Church of Canada, the Uniting Church in Australia and the United Church of Christ in the Philippines which have rapidly declining memberships. There has been a strong engagement of Orthodox churches in the ecumenical movement, though the reaction of individual Orthodox theologians has ranged from tentative approval of the aim of Christian unity to outright condemnation of the perceived effect of watering down Orthodox doctrine.

Question: What conference was held in 1910? Question: What group has been unsuccessful in creating a unified church since 1948? Question: What types of churches have had rapidly declining memberships? Question: What churches have been strongly engaged in the ecumenical movement? Question: What have Orthodox churches condemned the perception of?

gq: A Protestant baptism is held to be valid by the Catholic Church if given with the trinitarian formula and with the intent to baptize. However, as the ordination of Protestant ministers is not recognized due to the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church, all other sacraments (except marriage) performed by Protestant denominations and ministers are not recognized as valid. Therefore, Protestants desiring full communion with the Catholic Church are not re-baptized (although they are confirmed) and Protestant ministers who become Catholics may be ordained to the priesthood after a period of study.

Question: If done properly, what Protestant practice does the Catholic Church recognize? Question: Why does the Catholic Church not recognize the ordination of Protestant ministers? Question: What is the only other sacrament of the Protestants that the Catholic Church recognizes? Question: Protestants who want full communion with the Catholic Church do not have to be what? Question: Who can become ordained to the Catholic priesthood after a period of study?

gq: In 1999, the representatives of Lutheran World Federation and Catholic Church signed the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, apparently resolving the conflict over the nature of justification which was at the root of the Protestant Reformation, although Confessional Lutherans reject this statement. This is understandable, since there is no compelling authority within them. On 18 July 2006, delegates to the World Methodist Conference voted unanimously to adopt the Joint Declaration.

Question: What two groups originally signed the Joint Declaration? Question: What document was signed in 1999? Question: The Joint Declaration supposedly resolves the conflict which originally led to what movement? Question: Who rejects the statement signed in 1999? Question: Who adopted the Joint Declaration in 2006?

gq: There are more than 900 million Protestants worldwide,[ad] among approximately 2.4 billion Christians.[ae] In 2010, a total of more than 800 million included 300 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 260 million in the Americas, 140 million in Asia-Pacific region, 100 million in Europe and 2 million in Middle East-North Africa. Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population. Various estimates put the percentage of Protestants in relation to the total number of world's Christians at 33%, 36%, 36.7%, and 40%, while in relation to the world's population at 11.6% and 13%.

Question: How many Protestants are there in the world? Question: What is the total population of Christians in the world? Question: What area had the largest Protestant population in 2010? Question: What area only had about 2 million Protestants in 2010? Question: Approximately how much of the world's population are Protestant (in fractions)?

gq: In European countries which were most profoundly influenced by the Reformation, Protestantism still remains the most practiced religion. These include the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom. In other historical Protestant strongholds such as Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Latvia, Estonia and Hungary, it remains one of the most popular religions. Although Czech Republic was the site of one of the most significant pre-reformation movements, there are only few Protestant adherents; mainly due to historical reasons like persecution of Protestants by the Catholic Habsburgs, restrictions during the Communist rule, and also the ongoing secularization. Over the last several decades, religious practice has been declining as secularization has increased. According to a 2012 study about Religiosity in the European Union in 2012 by Eurobarometer, Protestants made up 12% of the EU population. According to Pew Research Center, Protestants constituted nearly one fifth (or 17.8%) of the continent's Christian population in 2010. Clarke and Beyer estimate that Protestants constituted 15% of all Europeans in 2009, while Noll claims that less than 12% of them lived in Europe in 2010.

Question: In what European areas is Protestantism still the most practiced religion? Question: In what countries is Protestantism one of the most popular (but not THE most popular) religions? Question: What area was once the site of a significant pre-reformation movement, but now only has a small number of Protestants? Question: In 2012, what percentage of the EU was thought to be Protestant? Question: The Pew Research Center estimated Protestants to be what percentage of Europe's Christian population in 2010?

gq: Changes in worldwide Protestantism over the last century have been significant. Since 1900, Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. That caused Protestantism to be called a primarily non-Western religion. Much of the growth has occurred after World War II, when decolonization of Africa and abolition of various restrictions against Protestants in Latin American countries occurred. According to one source, Protestants constituted respectively 2.5%, 2%, 0.5% of Latin Americans, Africans and Asians. In 2000, percentage of Protestants on mentioned continents was 17%, more than 27% and 5.5%, respectively. According to Mark A. Noll, 79% of Anglicans lived in the United Kingdom in 1910, while most of the remainder was found in the United States and across the British Commonwealth. By 2010, 59% of Anglicans were found in Africa. In 2010, more Protestants lived in India than in the UK or Germany, while Protestants in Brazil accounted for as many people as Protestants in the UK and Germany combined. Almost as many lived in each of Nigeria and China as in all of Europe. China is home to world's largest Protestant minority.[af]

Question: Where has Protestantism spread quickly since the 1900's? Question: When did much of the spread of Protestantism occur in the 20th century? Question: What percentage of Anglicans were in the UK in 1910? Question: In 2010, what percentage of Anglicans were said to be in Africa? Question: In 2010, what country had more Protestants than both the UK and Germany together?

gq: Brasília (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾaˈziljɐ]) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located atop the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-western region. It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital. Brasília and its metro (encompassing the whole of the Federal District) had a population of 2,556,149 in 2011, making it the 4th most populous city in Brazil. Among major Latin American cities, Brasília has the highest GDP per capita at R$61,915 (US$36,175).

Question: What is Brazil's capital? Question: What region of Brazil is Brasilia in? Question: When was Brasilia founded? Question: What is the population of Brasilia's metro area? Question: What is Brasilia's GDP per capita in US dollars?

gq: The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil. The name 'Brasília' is commonly used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche; However, the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions, only one of which is Brasília proper, with a population of 209,926 in a 2011 survey; Demographic publications generally do not make this distinction and list the population of Brasília as synonymous with the population of the Federal District, considering the whole of it as its metropolitan area. The city was one of the main host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, Brasília hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.

Question: What does Brasilia's metro area consist of? Question: How many administrative regions does the Federal District have? Question: What is Brasilia's proper city population? Question: Which World Cup did Brasilia host? Question: Which Confederations Cup did Brasilia host?

gq: Juscelino Kubitschek, President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961, ordered the construction of Brasília, fulfilling the promise of the Constitution and his own political campaign promise. Building Brasília was part of Juscelino's "fifty years of prosperity in five" plan. Lúcio Costa won a contest and was the main urban planner in 1957, with 5550 people competing. Oscar Niemeyer, a close friend, was the chief architect of most public buildings and Roberto Burle Marx was the landscape designer. Brasília was built in 41 months, from 1956 to April 21, 1960, when it was officially inaugurated.

Question: Who ordered Brasilia be built? Question: When did Kubitschek become President of Brazil? Question: When did Kubitschek leave office? Question: How many people competed to be Brasilia's urban planner? Question: When was Brasilia inaugurated?

gq: Until the 1980s, the governor of the Federal District was appointed by the Federal Government, and the laws of Brasília were issued by the Brazilian Federal Senate. With the Constitution of 1988 Brasília gained the right to elect its Governor, and a District Assembly (Câmara Legislativa) was elected to exercise legislative power. The Federal District does not have a Judicial Power of its own. The Judicial Power which serves the Federal District also serves federal territories. Currently, Brazil does not have any territories, therefore, for now the courts serve only cases from the Federal District.

Question: When did Brazil pass a new Constitution? Question: What rights did Brasilia gain in 1988? Question: What is Brasilia's District Assembly called?

gq: Brasília has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) according to the Köppen system, with two distinct seasons: the rainy season, from October to April, and a dry season, from May to September. The average temperature is 20.6 °C (69.1 °F). September, at the end of the dry season, has the highest average maximum temperature, 28.3 °C (82.9 °F), has major and minor lower maximum average temperature, of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) and 12.9 °C (55.2 °F), respectively. Average temperatures from September through March are a consistent 22 °C (72 °F). With 247.4 mm (9.7 in), January is the month with the highest rainfall of the year, while June is the lowest, with only 8.7 mm (0.3 in).

Question: What climate type does Brasilia have? Question: When is Brasilia's rainy season? Question: When is Brasilia's dry season? Question: What is the average maximum temperature in Brasilia in September? Question: Which month does Brasilia have the highest rainfall?

gq: The Portuguese language is the official national language and the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish are also part of the official curriculum. The city has six international schools: American School of Brasília, Brasília International School (BIS), Escola das Nações, Swiss International School (SIS), Lycée français François-Mitterrand (LfFM) and Maple Bear Canadian School. August 2016 will see the opening of a new international school - The British School of Brasilia. Brasília has two universities, three university centers, and many private colleges.

Question: What is Brazil's official language? Question: What languages besides Portuguese are taught in Brasilia's schools? Question: How many international schools are in Brasilia? Question: When will a new international school open in Brasilia? Question: What nationality will the new international school in Brasilia be?

gq: The Cathedral of Brasília in the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil, is an expression of the architect Oscar Niemeyer. This concrete-framed hyperboloid structure, seems with its glass roof reaching up, open, to the heavens. On 31 May 1970, the Cathedral’s structure was finished, and only the 70 m (229.66 ft) diameter of the circular area were visible. Niemeyer's project of Cathedral of Brasília is based in the hyperboloid of revolution which sections are asymmetric. The hyperboloid structure itself is a result of 16 identical assembled concrete columns. These columns, having hyperbolic section and weighing 90 t, represent two hands moving upwards to heaven. The Cathedral was dedicated on 31 May 1970.

Question: Who designed the Cathedral of Brasília? Question: What type of structure is the Cathedral of Brasília? Question: How many identical columns are used in the Cathedral of Brasília? Question: How much do the Cathedral of Brasília's columns weigh? Question: When was the Cathedral of Brasília dedicated?

gq: A series of low-lying annexes (largely hidden) flank both ends. Also in the square are the glass-faced Planalto Palace housing the presidential offices, and the Palace of the Supreme Court. Farther east, on a triangle of land jutting into the lake, is the Palace of the Dawn (Palácio da Alvorada; the presidential residence). Between the federal and civic buildings on the Monumental Axis is the city's cathedral, considered by many to be Niemeyer's finest achievement (see photographs of the interior). The parabolically shaped structure is characterized by its 16 gracefully curving supports, which join in a circle 115 feet (35 meters) above the floor of the nave; stretched between the supports are translucent walls of tinted glass. The nave is entered via a subterranean passage rather than conventional doorways. Other notable buildings are Buriti Palace, Itamaraty Palace, the National Theater, and several foreign embassies that creatively embody features of their national architecture. The Brazilian landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx designed landmark modernist gardens for some of the principal buildings.

Question: What is in the Planalto Palace? Question: What does 'Palácio da Alvorada' mean? Question: Where does Brazil's president live, in Portuguese? Question: Who designed gardens for some of Brasilia's major buildings? Question: What style of gardens did Marx design?

gq: Both low-cost and luxury housing were built by the government in the Brasília. The residential zones of the inner city are arranged into superquadras ("superblocks"): groups of apartment buildings along with a prescribed number and type of schools, retail stores, and open spaces. At the northern end of Lake Paranoá, separated from the inner city, is a peninsula with many fashionable homes, and a similar city exists on the southern lakeshore. Originally the city planners envisioned extensive public areas along the shores of the artificial lake, but during early development private clubs, hotels, and upscale residences and restaurants gained footholds around the water. Set well apart from the city are satellite cities, including Gama, Ceilândia, Taguatinga, Núcleo Bandeirante, Sobradinho, and Planaltina. These cities, with the exception of Gama and Sobradinho were not planned.

Question: What are 'superquadras' or superblocks? Question: Where is there a peninsula with luxury homes? Question: What did the planners want to have around Lake Paranoa? Question: What took over Lake Paranoa's shores contrary to the plan? Question: What mostly-unplanned cities are around Brasilia?

gq: After a visit to Brasília, the French writer Simone de Beauvoir complained that all of its superquadras exuded "the same air of elegant monotony," and other observers have equated the city's large open lawns, plazas, and fields to wastelands. As the city has matured, some of these have gained adornments, and many have been improved by landscaping, giving some observers a sense of "humanized" spaciousness. Although not fully accomplished, the "Brasília utopia" has produced a city of relatively high quality of life, in which the citizens live in forested areas with sporting and leisure structure (the superquadras) flanked by small commercial areas, bookstores and cafes; the city is famous for its cuisine and efficiency of transit.

Question: What nationality was de Beauvoir? Question: What was de Beauvoir's career? Question: Who complained that Brasilia was monotonous? Question: What is Brasilia famous for?

gq: The major roles of construction and of services (government, communications, banking and finance, food production, entertainment, and legal services) in Brasília's economy reflect the city's status as a governmental rather than an industrial center. Industries connected with construction, food processing, and furnishings are important, as are those associated with publishing, printing, and computer software. GDP is divided in Public Administration 54.8%, Services 28.7%, Industry 10.2%, Commerce 6.1%, Agribusiness 0.2%.

Question: What is Brasilia's most important non-service industry? Question: What services are central to Brasilia's economy? Question: How much of Brasilia's GDP is from Public Administration? Question: How much of Brasilia's GDP is from Services? Question: How much of Brasilia's GDP is from Agribusiness?

gq: Besides being the political center, Brasília is an important economic center. Brasília has the highest city gross domestic product (GDP) of 99.5 billion reais representing 3.76% of the total Brazilian GDP. The main economic activity of the federal capital results from its administrative function. Its industrial planning is studied carefully by the Government of the Federal District. Being a city registered by UNESCO, the government in Brasília has opted to encourage the development of non-polluting industries such as software, film, video, and gemology among others, with emphasis on environmental preservation and maintaining ecological balance, preserving the city property.

Question: What is Brasilia's GDP? Question: How much of Brazil's GDP comes from Brasilia? Question: What industries is Brasilia trying to encourage?

gq: The city's planned design included specific areas for almost everything, including accommodation, Hotels Sectors North and South. New hotel facilities are being developed elsewhere, such as the hotels and tourism Sector North, located on the shores of Lake Paranoá. Brasília has a range of tourist accommodation from inns, pensions and hostels to larger international chain hotels. The city's restaurants cater to a wide range of foods from local and regional Brazilian dishes to international cuisine.

Question: Where did Brasilia place hotels? Question: What lake has some hotels around it? Question: What kinds of hotels does Brasilia have? Question: What kinds of restaurants does Brasilia have?

gq: Brasília has also been the focus of modern-day literature. Published in 2008, The World In Grey: Dom Bosco's Prophecy, by author Ryan J. Lucero, tells an apocalypticle story based on the famous prophecy from the late 19th century by the Italian saint Don Bosco. According to Don Bosco's prophecy: "Between parallels 15 and 20, around a lake which shall be formed; A great civilization will thrive, and that will be the Promised Land." Brasília lies between the parallels 15° S and 20° S, where an artificial lake (Paranoá Lake) was formed. Don Bosco is Brasília's patron saint.

Question: When was 'The World In Grey' published? Question: Who wrote 'The World In Grey'? Question: Whose prophecy is 'The World In Grey' based on? Question: What lake did Don Bosco predict? Question: Who is Brasilia's patron saint?

gq: Praça dos Três Poderes (Portuguese for Square of the Three Powers) is a plaza in Brasília. The name is derived from the encounter of the three federal branches around the plaza: the Executive, represented by the Palácio do Planalto (presidential office); the Legislative, represented by the National Congress (Congresso Nacional); and the Judicial branch, represented by the Supreme Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal). It is a tourist attraction in Brasília, designed by Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer as a place where the three branches would meet harmoniously.

Question: What does 'Praça dos Três Poderes' mean? Question: What does the name 'Praça dos Três Poderes' come from? Question: What is Brazil's Congress called? Question: What is Brazil's Supreme Court called? Question: Who designed the Praça dos Três Poderes?

gq: The Palácio da Alvorada is the official residence of the President of Brazil. The palace was designed, along with the rest of the city of Brasília, by Oscar Niemeyer and inaugurated in 1958. One of the first structures built in the republic's new capital city, the "Alvorada" lies on a peninsula at the margins of Lake Paranoá. The principles of simplicity and modernity, that in the past characterized the great works of architecture, motivated Niemeyer. The viewer has an impression of looking at a glass box, softly landed on the ground with the support of thin external columns. The building has an area of 7,000 m2 with three floors consisting of the basement, landing, and second floor. The auditorium, kitchen, laundry, medical center, and administration offices are at basement level. The rooms used by the presidency for official receptions are on the landing. The second floor has four suites, two apartments, and various private rooms which make up the residential part of the palace. The building also has a library, a heated Olympic-sized swimming pool, a music room, two dining rooms and various meeting rooms. A chapel and heliport are in adjacent buildings.

Question: Where does Brazil's president live? Question: When did Brasilia's presidential residence open? Question: What principles of architecture was the Alvorada designed with? Question: How large is the Alvorada? Question: How many floors does the Alvorada have?

gq: The Palácio do Planalto is the official workplace of the President of Brazil. It is located at the Praça dos Três Poderes in Brasília. As the seat of government, the term "Planalto" is often used as a metonym for the executive branch of government. The main working office of the President of the Republic is in the Palácio do Planalto. The President and his or her family do not live in it, rather in the official residence, the Palácio da Alvorada. Besides the President, senior advisors also have offices in the "Planalto," including the Vice-President of Brazil and the Chief of Staff. The other Ministries are along the Esplanada dos Ministérios. The architect of the Palácio do Planalto was Oscar Niemeyer, creator of most of the important buildings in Brasília. The idea was to project an image of simplicity and modernity using fine lines and waves to compose the columns and exterior structures. The Palace is four stories high, and has an area of 36,000 m2. Four other adjacent buildings are also part of the complex.

Question: Where are the President's offices? Question: Where are the VP's offices? Question: Who designed the Planalto? Question: How many floors does the Planalto have? Question: How large is the Planalto?

gq: This makes for a large number of takeoffs and landings and it is not unusual for flights to be delayed in the holding pattern before landing. Following the airport's master plan, Infraero built a second runway, which was finished in 2006. In 2007, the airport handled 11,119,872 passengers. The main building's third floor, with 12 thousand square meters, has a panoramic deck, a food court, shops, four movie theatres with total capacity of 500 people, and space for exhibitions. Brasília Airport has 136 vendor spaces. The airport is located about 11 km (6.8 mi) from the central area of Brasília, outside the metro system. The area outside the airport's main gate is lined with taxis as well as several bus line services which connect the airport to Brasília's central district. The parking lot accommodates 1,200 cars. The airport is serviced by domestic and regional airlines (TAM, GOL, Azul, WebJET, Trip and Avianca), in addition to a number of international carriers. In 2012, Brasília's International Airport was won by the InfrAmerica consortium, formed by the Brazilian engineering company ENGEVIX and the Argentine Corporacion America holding company, with a 50% stake each. During the 25-year concession, the airport may be expanded to up to 40 million passengers a year.

Question: When did Brasilia's airport add a second runway? Question: How many passengers came through Brasilia's airport in 2007? Question: How many movie theaters are in Brasilia's airport? Question: How many vendor spaces are in Brasilia's airport? Question: How many parking spaces are there at Brasilia's airport?

gq: In 2014, the airport received 15 new boarding bridges, totalling 28 in all. This was the main requirement made by the federal government, which transferred the operation of the terminal to the Inframerica Group after an auction. The group invested R$750 million in the project. In the same year, the number of parking spaces doubled, reaching three thousand. The airport's entrance have a new rooftop cover and a new access road. Furthermore, a VIP room was created on Terminal 1's third floor. The investments resulted an increase the capacity of Brasília's airport from approximately 15 million passengers per year to 21 million by 2014. Brasília has direct flights to all states of Brazil and direct international flights to Atlanta, Buenos Aires, Lisbon, Miami, Panama City, and Paris.

Question: When did the number of boarding bridges at Brasilia's airport nearly double? Question: How many boarding bridges does Brasilia's airport have? Question: What company now runs Brasilia's airport? Question: Besides boarding bridges, what also doubled in 2014 at Brasilia's airport? Question: What is Brasilia's airport's annual passenger capacity after 2014's improvements?

gq: The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge, also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília. It is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, former president of Brazil. It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal for this project at the 2003 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh due to "...outstanding achievement demonstrating harmony with the environment, aesthetic merit and successful community participation".

Question: What is the JK Bridge a nickname for? Question: What does the JK Bridge cross? Question: Who was the JK Bridge named for? Question: Who was de Oliveira? Question: Who designed the JK Bridge?

gq: The metro leaves the Rodoviária (bus station) and goes south, avoiding most of the political and tourist areas. The main purpose of the metro is to serve cities, such as Samambaia, Taguatinga and Ceilândia, as well as Guará and Águas Claras. The satellite cities served are more populated in total than the Plano Piloto itself (the census of 2000 indicated that Ceilândia had 344,039 inhabitants, Taguatinga had 243,575, whereas the Plano Piloto had approximately 400,000 inhabitants), and most residents of the satellite cities depend on public transportation.

Question: What is the Rodoviária? Question: What areas does Brasilia's public transit avoid? Question: As of 2000, how many people lived in Ceilândia? Question: As of 2000, how many people lived in Taguatinga? Question: As of 2000, how many people lived in the Plano Piloto?

gq: In the original city plan, the interstate buses should also stop at the Central Station. Because of the growth of Brasília (and corresponding growth in the bus fleet), today the interstate buses leave from the older interstate station (called Rodoferroviária), located at the western end of the Eixo Monumental. The Central Bus Station also contains a main metro station. A new bus station was opened in July 2010. It is on Saída Sul (South Exit) near Parkshopping Mall and with its metro station, and it's also an inter-state bus station, used only to leave the Federal District.

Question: Where did Brasilia's plan want interstate buses to stop? Question: What is the older interstate bus station called? Question: Where is the older interstate bus station? Question: What street is Brasilia's newest bus station on? Question: What mall is Brasilia's newest bus station near?

gq: Brasília is known as a departing point for the practice of unpowered air sports, sports that may be practiced with hang gliding or paragliding wings. Practitioners of such sports reveal that, because of the city's dry weather, the city offers strong thermal winds and great "cloud-streets", which is also the name for a manoeuvre quite appreciated by practitioners. In 2003, Brasília hosted the 14th Hang Gliding World Championship, one of the categories of free flying. In August 2005, the city hosted the 2nd stage of the Brazilian Hang Gliding Championship.

Question: What type of sports are popular in Brasilia? Question: Why is Brasilia a good place for air sports? Question: What air sports event did Brasilia host in 2003? Question: What air sports event did Brasilia host in 2005?

gq: Greece is a developed country with an economy based on the service (82.8%) and industrial sectors (13.3%). The agricultural sector contributed 3.9% of national economic output in 2015. Important Greek industries include tourism and shipping. With 18 million international tourists in 2013, Greece was the 7th most visited country in the European Union and 16th in the world. The Greek Merchant Navy is the largest in the world, with Greek-owned vessels accounting for 15% of global deadweight tonnage as of 2013. The increased demand for international maritime transportation between Greece and Asia has resulted in unprecedented investment in the shipping industry.

Question: What type of country is Greece? Question: What percentage of Greece's economy is based on service? Question: How much of Greece's economy is comprised of industrial sectors? Question: How much of the national economic output did the agricultural sector of Greece contribute in 2015? Question: How many international tourists visited Greece in 2013?

gq: The country is a significant agricultural producer within the EU. Greece has the largest economy in the Balkans and is as an important regional investor. Greece was the largest foreign investor in Albania in 2013, the third in Bulgaria, in the top-three in Romania and Serbia and the most important trading partner and largest foreign investor in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The Greek telecommunications company OTE has become a strong investor in former Yugoslavia and in other Balkan countries.

Question: What is Greece a significant producer of within the EU? Question: Greece has the largest what in the Balkans? Question: What was Albania's largest foreign investor in 2013? Question: Who is Greece the most important trading partner to? Question: What Greek telecommunications company has become a strong investor in former Yugoslavia?

gq: Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country joined what is now the European Union in 1981. In 2001 Greece adopted the euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachmae per euro. Greece is a member of the International Monetary Fund and of the World Trade Organization, and ranked 34th on Ernst & Young's Globalization Index 2011.

Question: What is Greece's economy classified as? Question: What does the abbreviation OECD expand to? Question: What organization was Greek a founding member? Question: When did Greece join what is now the European Union? Question: When did Greece adopt the Euro as its currency?

gq: World War II (1939-1945) devastated the country's economy, but the high levels of economic growth that followed from 1950 to 1980 have been called the Greek economic miracle. From 2000 Greece saw high levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average, peaking at 5.8% in 2003 and 5.7% in 2006. The subsequent Great Recession and Greek government-debt crisis, a central focus of the wider European debt crisis, plunged the economy into a sharp downturn, with real GDP growth rates of −0.3% in 2008, −4.3% in 2009, −5.5% in 2010, −9.1% in 2011, −7.3% in 2012 and −3.2% in 2013. In 2011, the country's public debt reached €356 billion (172% of nominal GDP). After negotiating the biggest debt restructuring in history with the private sector, Greece reduced its sovereign debt burden to €280 billion (137% of GDP) in the first quarter of 2012. Greece achieved a real GDP growth rate of 0.7% in 2014 after 6 years of economic decline, but fell back into recession in 2015.

Question: What years of economic growth was called Greece's economic miracle? Question: From what year was Greece's levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average? Question: What was the GDP growth rate of Greece in 2013? Question: How much public debt did Greece have in 2011? Question: What year did Greece fall back into recession?

gq: The evolution of the Greek economy during the 19th century (a period that transformed a large part of the world because of the Industrial Revolution) has been little researched. Recent research from 2006 examines the gradual development of industry and further development of shipping in a predominantly agricultural economy, calculating an average rate of per capita GDP growth between 1833 and 1911 that was only slightly lower than that of the other Western European nations. Industrial activity, (including heavy industry like shipbuilding) was evident, mainly in Ermoupolis and Piraeus. Nonetheless, Greece faced economic hardships and defaulted on its external loans in 1826, 1843, 1860 and 1894.

Question: What does recent research from 2006 examine? Question: What transformed a large part of the world in the 19th century? Question: What was Greece's GDP growth between 1833 and 1911 compared other Western European nations? Question: What type of industrial activity was evident in Greece in the period researched? Question: What did Greece do in 1826, 1843, 1860 and 1894?

gq: After fourteen consecutive years of economic growth, Greece went into recession in 2008. By the end of 2009, the Greek economy faced the highest budget deficit and government debt-to-GDP ratios in the EU. After several upward revisions, the 2009 budget deficit is now estimated at 15.7% of GDP. This, combined with rapidly rising debt levels (127.9% of GDP in 2009) led to a precipitous increase in borrowing costs, effectively shutting Greece out of the global financial markets and resulting in a severe economic crisis.

Question: How many years of consecutive growth had Greece had? Question: When did Greece go into recession? Question: What did the Greek economy have the highest of at the end of 2009? Question: What percentage of GDP was the budget deficit of Greece in 2009? Question: What type of crisis resulted from the budget deficit and rising debt levels of Greece?

gq: Greece was accused of trying to cover up the extent of its massive budget deficit in the wake of the global financial crisis. The allegation was prompted by the massive revision of the 2009 budget deficit forecast by the new PASOK government elected in October 2009, from "6–8%" (estimated by the previous New Democracy government) to 12.7% (later revised to 15.7%). However, the accuracy of the revised figures has also been questioned, and in February 2012 the Hellenic Parliament voted in favor of an official investigation following accusations by a former member of the Hellenic Statistical Authority that the deficit had been artificially inflated in order to justify harsher austerity measures.

Question: What was Greece accused of covering up the extent of? Question: What prompted the allegation of Greece's covering up its budget deficit? Question: When did the Parliament vote in favor of an investigation? Question: Who voted in favor of an official investigation of the accusations? Question: What did a former member of the Hellenic Statistical Authority say the deficit had been inflated to justify?

gq: Most of the differences in the revised budget deficit numbers were due to a temporary change of accounting practices by the new government, i.e., recording expenses when military material was ordered rather than received. However, it was the retroactive application of ESA95 methodology (applied since 2000) by Eurostat, that finally raised the reference year (1999) budget deficit to 3.38% of GDP, thus exceeding the 3% limit. This led to claims that Greece (similar claims have been made about other European countries like Italy) had not actually met all five accession criteria, and the common perception that Greece entered the Eurozone through "falsified" deficit numbers.

Question: What were the majority of the differences in the revised budget due to the temporary changing of? Question: When were expenses recorded by the new government? Question: What did retroactively applying the ESA95 methodology result in raising the budget deficit to? Question: By how much did the budget deficit of Greece exceed the 3% limit in the reference year of 1999? Question: What other European country were claims similar to those levied against Greece made?

gq: In the 2005 OECD report for Greece, it was clearly stated that "the impact of new accounting rules on the fiscal figures for the years 1997 to 1999 ranged from 0.7 to 1 percentage point of GDP; this retroactive change of methodology was responsible for the revised deficit exceeding 3% in 1999, the year of [Greece's] EMU membership qualification". The above led the Greek minister of finance to clarify that the 1999 budget deficit was below the prescribed 3% limit when calculated with the ESA79 methodology in force at the time of Greece's application, and thus the criteria had been met.

Question: Who provided a report for Greece in 2005? Question: What was the range of the impact of the new accounting rules on the Greek fiscal figures for the years 1997 to 1999? Question: What was the year of Greece's EMU membership qualification? Question: What did the Greek minister of finance clarify the 1999 budget was below when calculated with the ESA79 methodology? Question: What methodology was in force when Greece submitted its membership qualification?

gq: An error sometimes made is the confusion of discussion regarding Greece’s Eurozone entry with the controversy regarding usage of derivatives’ deals with U.S. Banks by Greece and other Eurozone countries to artificially reduce their reported budget deficits. A currency swap arranged with Goldman Sachs allowed Greece to "hide" 2.8 billion Euros of debt, however, this affected deficit values after 2001 (when Greece had already been admitted into the Eurozone) and is not related to Greece’s Eurozone entry.

Question: What error is sometimes made by tying Greece's Eurozone entry with? Question: What banks did Greece use derivatives' deals with? Question: What was the result of the deals with the U.S. banks? Question: How many Euros was Greece able to "hide" because of an arrangement with Goldman Sachs? Question: Why aren't the deficit values affected by the currency swap with Goldman Sachs relevant to Greece's Eurozone entry?

gq: According to Der Spiegel, credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt because Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives. A German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank." These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union and the monetary union guidelines. In May 2010, the Greek government deficit was again revised and estimated to be 13.6% which was the second highest in the world relative to GDP with Iceland in first place at 15.7% and Great Britain third with 12.6%. Public debt was forecast, according to some estimates, to hit 120% of GDP during 2010.

Question: What were credits given to European governments disguised as? Question: Why weren't swaps registered as debts by Eurostat at the time? Question: What rules did a German derivatives dealer say could be quite legally circumvented through swaps? Question: What was again revised in May of 2010? Question: What was Greece's public debt forecast to hit as high of a percentage of GDP of in 2010?

gq: As a consequence, there was a crisis in international confidence in Greece's ability to repay its sovereign debt, as reflected by the rise of the country's borrowing rates (although their slow rise – the 10-year government bond yield only exceeded 7% in April 2010 – coinciding with a large number of negative articles, has led to arguments about the role of international news media in the evolution of the crisis). In order to avert a default (as high borrowing rates effectively prohibited access to the markets), in May 2010 the other Eurozone countries, and the IMF, agreed to a "rescue package" which involved giving Greece an immediate €45 billion in bail-out loans, with more funds to follow, totaling €110 billion. In order to secure the funding, Greece was required to adopt harsh austerity measures to bring its deficit under control. Their implementation will be monitored and evaluated by the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the IMF.

Question: What did the international banks have doubts about Greece's ability to repay? Question: What was a consequence of the doubt that Greece could pay it's debts? Question: How much money did the IMF and other Eurozone countries agree to give Greece in 2010? Question: What was the total amount of the rescue package given to Greece? Question: What organizations are keeping a watchful eye on how Greece is implementing austerity measures?

gq: Between 2005 and 2011, Greece has had the highest percentage increase in industrial output compared to 2005 levels out of all European Union members, with an increase of 6%. Eurostat statistics show that the industrial sector was hit by the Greek financial crisis throughout 2009 and 2010, with domestic output decreasing by 5.8% and industrial production in general by 13.4%. Currently, Greece is ranked third in the European Union in the production of marble (over 920,000 tons), after Italy and Spain.

Question: What did Greece have the highest percentage increase in between 2005 and 2011? Question: What was the increase of Greece's industrial output between 2005 and 2011? Question: What did the industrial production in Greece fall by due to the financial crisis? Question: What is Greece ranked in the EU in the production of marble? Question: How many tons of marble does Greece produce?

gq: Greece has the largest merchant navy in the world, accounting for more than 15% of the world's total deadweight tonnage (dwt) according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. The Greek merchant navy's total dwt of nearly 245 million is comparable only to Japan's, which is ranked second with almost 224 million. Additionally, Greece represents 39.52% of all of the European Union's dwt. However, today's fleet roster is smaller than an all-time high of 5,000 ships in the late 1970s.

Question: What does Greece have the largest of in the world? Question: Greece's navy accounts for more than what percentage of the world's total deadweight tonnage? Question: What is the Greek merchant navy's total dwt? Question: What percentage of the entire EU's dwt does Greece alone represent? Question: How many ships did Greece's navy have in the late 1970s?

gq: In terms of ship categories, Greek companies have 22.6% of the world's tankers and 16.1% of the world's bulk carriers (in dwt). An additional equivalent of 27.45% of the world's tanker dwt is on order, with another 12.7% of bulk carriers also on order. Shipping accounts for an estimated 6% of Greek GDP, employs about 160,000 people (4% of the workforce), and represents 1/3 of the country's trade deficit. Earnings from shipping amounted to €14.1 billion in 2011, while between 2000 and 2010 Greek shipping contributed a total of €140 billion (half of the country's public debt in 2009 and 3.5 times the receipts from the European Union in the period 2000–2013). The 2011 ECSA report showed that there are approximately 750 Greek shipping companies in operation.

Question: How many of the world's tankers do Greek companies own? Question: What percentage of the world's bulk carriers are Greece's? Question: What percentage of Greece's GDP does shipping account for? Question: What did earnings from Greece's shipping amount to in 2011? Question: How many Greek shipping companies were in operation in 2011?

gq: Counting shipping as quasi-exports and in terms of monetary value, Greece ranked 4th globally in 2011 having "exported" shipping services worth 17,704.132 million $; only Denmark, Germany and South Korea ranked higher during that year. Similarly counting shipping services provided to Greece by other countries as quasi-imports and the difference between "exports" and "imports" as a "trade balance", Greece in 2011 ranked in the latter second behind Germany, having "imported" shipping services worth 7,076.605 million US$ and having run a "trade surplus" of 10,712.342 million US$.

Question: When counting shipping as quasi-exports and in terms of monetary value, what is Greece's global rank? Question: What was the worth Greece's shipping services in 2011? Question: What three countries were ahead of Greece in 2011 with exports? Question: What was the shipping services imported by Greece in 2011 worth? Question: What was Greece's 2011 trade surplus?

gq: Between 1949 and the 1980s, telephone communications in Greece were a state monopoly by the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization, better known by its acronym, OTE. Despite the liberalization of telephone communications in the country in the 1980s, OTE still dominates the Greek market in its field and has emerged as one of the largest telecommunications companies in Southeast Europe. Since 2011, the company's major shareholder is Deutsche Telekom with a 40% stake, while the Greek state continues to own 10% of the company's shares. OTE owns several subsidiaries across the Balkans, including Cosmote, Greece's top mobile telecommunications provider, Cosmote Romania and Albanian Mobile Communications.

Question: Who ran the phones in Greece between 1949 and the 1980s? Question: What was the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization better known by the acronym of? Question: When did the liberalization of the telephone communications in Greece happen? Question: What company has a 40% stake in OTE? Question: How many shares of OTE does the Greek state own?

gq: Greece has tended to lag behind its European Union partners in terms of Internet use, with the gap closing rapidly in recent years. The percentage of households with access to the Internet more than doubled between 2006 and 2013, from 23% to 56% respectively (compared with an EU average of 49% and 79%). At the same time, there has been a massive increase in the proportion of households with a broadband connection, from 4% in 2006 to 55% in 2013 (compared with an EU average of 30% and 76%). However, Greece also has the EU's third highest percentage of people who have never used the Internet: 36% in 2013, down from 65% in 2006 (compared with an EU average of 21% and 42%).

Question: What does Greece lag behind other EU countries in terms of use? Question: How much did the percentage of households with access to the internet increase between 2006 and 2013? Question: What has the been a massive increase in the number of households with in Greece? Question: Who has the EU's third highest percentage of people who've never used the Internet? Question: What percentage of people in Greece had never used the Internet as of 2013?

gq: Greece attracts more than 16 million tourists each year, thus contributing 18.2% to the nation's GDP in 2008 according to an OECD report. The same survey showed that the average tourist expenditure while in Greece was $1,073, ranking Greece 10th in the world. The number of jobs directly or indirectly related to the tourism sector were 840,000 in 2008 and represented 19% of the country's total labor force. In 2009, Greece welcomed over 19.3 million tourists, a major increase from the 17.7 million tourists the country welcomed in 2008.

Question: How many millions of tourists does Greece attract each year? Question: What part of Greece's GDP is accounted for by tourism? Question: What did the 2008 OECD report show the average tourist expenditure while in Greece was? Question: How many jobs in 2008 in Greece were somehow related to the tourism industry? Question: How many tourists did Greece welcome in 2009?

gq: In recent years a number of well-known tourism-related organizations have placed Greek destinations in the top of their lists. In 2009 Lonely Planet ranked Thessaloniki, the country's second-largest city, the world's fifth best "Ultimate Party Town", alongside cities such as Montreal and Dubai, while in 2011 the island of Santorini was voted as the best island in the world by Travel + Leisure. The neighbouring island of Mykonos was ranked as the 5th best island Europe. Thessaloniki was the European Youth Capital in 2014.

Question: What have a number of tourism-related organizations placed Greek destinations at the top of? Question: What Greek city was rated the world's fifth best ultimate party town by 2009's Lonely Planet? Question: What distinction does the city of Thessaloniki have in regards to size in Greece? Question: What did Travel+Leisure vote the island of Santorini as in 2011? Question: What island was ranked as the 5th best in Europe?

gq: Between 1975 and 2009, Olympic Airways (known after 2003 as Olympic Airlines) was the country’s state-owned flag carrier, but financial problems led to its privatization and relaunch as Olympic Air in 2009. Both Aegean Airlines and Olympic Air have won awards for their services; in 2009 and 2011, Aegean Airlines was awarded the "Best regional airline in Europe" award by Skytrax, and also has two gold and one silver awards by the ERA, while Olympic Air holds one silver ERA award for "Airline of the Year" as well as a "Condé Nast Traveller 2011 Readers Choice Awards: Top Domestic Airline" award.

Question: What was Olympic Airways known as after 2003? Question: What was Olympic Airlines relaunched as in 2009? Question: What airlines was award the "Best regional airline in Europe" award by Skytrax? Question: What does Olympic Air hold a silver ERA award for? Question: What year did Olympic Air receive an award as Top Domestic Airline?

gq: Greece's rail network is estimated to be at 2,548 km. Rail transport in Greece is operated by TrainOSE, a subsidiary of the Hellenic Railways Organization (OSE). Most of the country's network is standard gauge (1,565 km), while the country also has 983 km of narrow gauge. A total of 764 km of rail are electrified. Greece has rail connections with Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia and Turkey. A total of three suburban railway systems (Proastiakos) are in operation (in Athens, Thessaloniki and Patras), while one metro system is operational in Athens with another under construction.

Question: How long is Greek's rail network estimated to run? Question: Who runs the rail transport in Greece? Question: Who is TrainOSE a subsidiary of? Question: What gauge is most of Greece's railway? Question: How many kilometers of Greece's railway is electrified?

gq: According to Eurostat, Greece's largest port by tons of goods transported in 2010 is the port of Aghioi Theodoroi, with 17.38 million tons. The Port of Thessaloniki comes second with 15.8 million tons, followed by the Port of Piraeus, with 13.2 million tons, and the port of Eleusis, with 12.37 million tons. The total number of goods transported through Greece in 2010 amounted to 124.38 million tons, a considerable drop from the 164.3 million tons transported through the country in 2007. Since then, Piraeus has grown to become the Mediterranean's third-largest port thanks to heavy investment by Chinese logistics giant COSCO. In 2013, Piraeus was declared the fastest-growing port in the world.

Question: What was Greece's largest port as measured by good transported in 2010? Question: How many million of tons went through Aghioi Theodoroi in 2010? Question: How many million tons of goods did port Eleusis transport in 2010? Question: How many tons of goods were transported through Greece in 2007? Question: What was the port of Piraeus declared to be in 2013?

gq: In 2010 Piraeus handled 513,319 TEUs, followed by Thessaloniki, which handled 273,282 TEUs. In the same year, 83.9 million people passed through Greece's ports, 12.7 million through the port of Paloukia in Salamis, another 12.7 through the port of Perama, 9.5 million through Piraeus and 2.7 million through Igoumenitsa. In 2013, Piraeus handled a record 3.16 million TEUs, the third-largest figure in the Mediterranean, of which 2.52 million were transported through Pier II, owned by COSCO and 644,000 were transported through Pier I, owned by the Greek state.

Question: How many TEUs did Piraeus handle in 2010? Question: What amount of TEUs did Thessaloniki handle in 2010? Question: How many million of people passed through Greece's ports in 2010? Question: What record amount of TEUs did Piraeus handle in 2013? Question: What organization owns Pier II in Piraeus?