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b2216310-9a4b-46bf-9bc9-2677319b775b | . . . . . . . . Continued Fever . . . . . . . . . . Puerperal Fever 4 . . . 1 3 . . 1 3 Plague . . . . . . . . . . Chicken-pox 262 22 113 116 8 3 . 74 74 114 Totals 461 27 151 219 28 34 2 133 152 176 SECTION IV. ISOLATION HOSPITAL ACCOMMODATION. 41 SECTION IV. Isolation Hospital Accommodation. Ordinary Infectious Complaints. The Isolation Hospital is situated in the Northern part of the district at The Friars. It consists of an Administration Block, a male and female pavilion, with kitchen between, for Scarlet Fever, and a similar one for Enteric Fever. There is a third pavilion for Diphtheria and observation cases. There is also attached a small operating room. |
825217ff-c33f-4fce-90d8-0e99777859e2 | The number of beds (not including cots) is as follows :— Scarlet Fever. Enteric. Diphtheria. Observation Cases. 14 14 2 2 The Administration Block was formerly an old mansion, and contains several very large rooms, which in case of emergency could be fitted up as Enteric wards. There is also a building containing the Laundry, the Disinfector, Ambulance and Van Sheds, and the Mortuary. Small-pox. For Small-pox the Council have made arrangements at the Clare Hall Hospital, South Mimms, for 12 beds. Ambulance Arrangements. The Ambulance used for the removal of patients is brougham-shaped, and is kept at the Isolation Hospital, there are also two vans which are used for the removal and return of bedding after disinfection. 42 Methods of Disinfection. Rooms. After a case has been removed to Hospital or has recovered all the textile articles in the room are removed. |
23afcbdd-f78e-459c-950f-ee7b98c5cfa6 | The rooms and articles of furniture are then thoroughly sprayed with Formalin, fumigated with Formalin, and sealed up for at least 6 hours. Articles of Clothing, &e. The articles of clothing, &c., are all removed from the infected room to the disinfector at the Hospital, and are steam disinfected in a Washington Lyons' Disinfector, and after being thoroughly aired are returned. Transport of Articles. The means of transport of the infected and disinfected articles is by vans provided for the purpose, and which are kept at the Isolation Hospital, No. 1 Van, which is used for infected articles, being lined throughout with zinc. When returning articles after disinfection, the sheets, blankets, &c., and wearing apparel are carefully folded and returned in No. 2 Van, carefully packed in hampers. SECTION V. GENERAL SANITARY ADMINISTRATION. 45 SECTION V. General Sanitary Administration. Houses and Housing Accommodation. Part III. |
48011674-2b70-4cfd-be0d-aa32cce9783c | of the Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890, has been adopted, but its provisions have never been put in force.. Personally, I do not think the Council could build houses to let at rents much less than is being charged by private owners, taking into consideration the present price of land, labour, and materials, and I should recommend the Council, in preference to building, to buy houses already built, and fit them up as may be necessary. This course is being adopted by many Local Authorities in and around London. Overcrowding. No doubt there is a good deal of overcrowding all over the District, but it is very difficult to detect cases, as we have no power of entry at night, and upon making inquiries in the daytime the particulars given by the occupiers are often very unreliable. The only solution of this is the putting into force of the byelaws relating to houses let in lodgings. Water Supply. |
a618fd54-526b-46f6-ae20-c3c7687c8595 | The District is supplied with a constant supply of water from the Metropolitan Water Board, Acton being in the Grand Junction district. Sewers. In regard to the sewers in the district, a large number of sewers in the centre of the town convey soil drainage from the older houses, as well as surface water from the old and new houses, into the London sewers ; but in the newer streets two sewers are laid, one of which conveys soil drainage to the Council's sewage 46 works, while the other conveys storm water into the London sewers. These sewers are regularly flushed and inspected from time to time. New sewers were laid during the year as follows:— North of the High Street. South of the High Street. Total. Soil sewers for conveying soil 2,283 yards 1,115 yards 3,398 yards For conveying surface water 2,255 yards 1,115 yards 3,370 yards Sewage Disposal. |
1189e72f-6141-480c-a413-559550af4ef2 | The soil drainage of about 18,000 persons in the District of Acton is conveyed into the London system, and a payment is made to the London County Council in regard to such drainage. The soil sewage from the remainder of the District is conveyed by sewers to the sewage works belonging to the Council in Acton Vale. The larger portion of it is conveyed by the low-level sewers, and this has to be pumped and raised to the surface. The high-level sewer delivers its contents by gravitation. The sewage is passed into open septic tanks, which are covered with a thick, firm crust—so firm that workmen walk across it and work on it with impunity. The effluent from the septic tanks is distributed over continuous filters of large broken clinker, and the effluent is conveyed by a sewer to the river. |
db663c16-44c4-4ea2-9651-f2b7d0e1e28f | In consequence of complaints being made in regard to sulphuretted hydrogen, which was given off during the process of filtration, the effluent from the septic tanks is treated with permanganate of potash, and a small quantity of permanganate is also added to the effluent from the filters. The Acton Council is at present promoting a Bill in Parliament in order to ensure that the soil drainage of the whole of the District shall be conveyed into the London sewers, while the storm water of the District is to be conveyed direct to the River Thames. 47 New Streets and Buildings. For the purpose of a thorough inspection of all new buildings and making up new roads, the District has been divided into two, the Uxbridge Road forming the division line. A building surveyor takes charge of each District, under the supervision of Mr. Ebbetts, the Council's engineer. The following new roads were made up and houses passed for occupation during the year:— North of the High Street. |
39fbf89f-b211-47a4-8bc0-d7c1b396b3f9 | South of the High Street. Total. New roads made up 12 16 28 Number of houses passed for occupation during the year 238 257 495 House Refuse. The collection of house refuse, scavenging and cleansing of the streets, and watering is carried out under the supervision of the Council's engineer, and the following particulars have been supplied to me by Mr. Webb, cleansing superintendent:— Collection.—For the purposes of collection of house refuse the District is divided into two, the High Street being the dividing line. The collection is made weekly from house to house. Nine dust fillers and 13 horses and carts—7 Council's, 6 hired—are employed. There is also a motor and trailer, which is capable of removing about 5 tons each journey. Disposal.—All the refuse is still deposited on the vacant land in connection with the cemetery. 48 During the year 40,128 cubic yards of house refuse were deposited at this shoot. |
66f2710d-a92d-4f2b-8934-049197710902 | Some months ago I received complaints with regard to the nuisance from flies in certain portions of the northern district, and I reported on the best means of disinfecting the dust shoot, as there is no doubt that this shoot is a favourable breeding ground for these pests. I reported that I was of opinion that the method of disinfection would be the cause of another nuisance, so that the Council did not take any action in the matter. If householders would only burn all vegetable matter instead of putting it into the dustbin, this would do much to mitigate the nuisance from flies. In the summer time very few fires are lighted owing to the convenience of gas stoves, and there is no doubt that this is the reason that so much vegetable refuse is put into the dustbins. Scavenging and Cleansing. The District is also divided into two for the cleansing and scavenging of the streets. Eight sweepers are employed to the North of the High Street and 11 to the South. |
943b896b-8f01-41ad-8031-c274358f3e30 | The men work in gangs of two and four. During the year 16,810 cubic yards of road-dust and slop were removed from the roads and street gulleys. Street Watering. The watering of the streets is done by the Council's own vans and men. During the summer months 16 vans are employed on this work, and 24,300 loads of water are spread over the streets in the District. I am very pleased with the manner in which all this work is carried out. 49 The Public Baths. These are a great boon to the neighbourhood. An important source of pollution of the water is the corridor which runs between the edge of the bath and the dressing boxes. Fully dressed persons walk in their dirty boots while bathers with their feet carry the dirt from the corridor into the bath. It must be evident that a large amount of street dirt is needlessly carried into the bath by the bathers. |
ff4c6355-1059-4325-b161-647c643ea69d | This source of pollution might be prevented in the following ways :—By a frequent washing of the corridors, and by insisting that every bather should remove his boots before entering the corridor. Slippers or sandals might be provided for use in the bath only. Some towns require in the second class bath, besides the above precautions, the bathers to wash themselves with soap and water before entering the swimming bath. This could be managed if two of the Lavatory Baths were given for the purpose and there were an attendant to see the instructions carried out. Mortuary Accommodation. The Public Mortuary is situated at the back of the Fire Station in High Street. It is a modern building, constructed in 1901, and contains three tables for viewing purposes and a Post-mortem room. It is fitted with all the latest improvements, structurally and as regards appliances. The walls of the whole of the interior are constructed of white glazed bricks. During the year 35 bodies were received into the Mortuary, i.e. |
637e0d9f-cb3f-4ca6-83ad-909b30ed7a4b | :— 23 Males and 12 Females—total 36. Post-mortem Examinations were made in 22 cases. B 50 The following list gives the number received during each month— Males. Females. Post Mortems. January 4 1 5 February 2 - 1 March 3 2 3 April 3 1 4 May 1 1 - June 2 - 1 July 1 - - August 1 1 1 September 1 1 1 October 3 — 1 November 2 2 2 December - 4 3 Totals 23 13 22 Cemetery. The old Cemetery in Churchfield Road is now closed. The Council in the year 1893 bought land in the northern part of the District in Willesden Lane, which has been laid out and prepared as a Burial Ground, and is the only Cemetery now used in the District. |
b0f41e00-9ccb-442b-a53d-e5d2a8fdd588 | It was opened in March, 1895. Sick Nursing. The District Nurses in connection with our Cottage Hospital have had under treatment 220 Patients and paid 7,090 visits, an average of 32 to each patient. Excellent work is done by these ladies, whose skill and sympathy are greatly appreciated. 51 Factories, Workshops, Laundries, Workplaces, and Homework. INSPECTIONS Including Inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors. Premises. Number of Inspections. Written Notices. Prosecutions. Factories (Including Factory Laundries.) 71 8 — Workshops (IncludingWorkshop Laundries) 362 45 — Workplaces 49 2 — Homeworkers' Premises 224 72 — Total 706 127 — 52 DEFECTS FOUND. Particulars. Number of Defects. Number of Prosecutions. Found. Remedied. Referred to H.M. Inspectur. |
7770a696-4ed5-4dc4-a35f-d50f5b5b5741 | Nuisances under the Public Health Acts:—* Want of cleanliness 18 18 - - Want of ventilation 7 7 - - Overcrowding 4 4 — — Want of drainage of floors 31 31 — — Other nuisances 59 59 — — †Sanitary accommodation Insufficient — — — — unsuitable or defective 48 48 — — not separate for sexes 8 8 — — Offences under the Factory and Workshop Act:— Illegal occupation of underground bakehouse (s. 101) - - - - Breach of special sanitary requirements for bakehouses (ss. 97 to 100) 2 2 — — Failure as regard lists of outworkers (s. 107) 13 13 — — Giving out work to be done in premises which are unwholesome (s. 108) — — — — infected (s. 110) - - - - Allowing wearing apparel to be made in premises infected by scarlet fever or small-pox (s. |
3ab5b894-83e3-4dc9-a38f-88b69fcd9137 | 109) — — — — Other offences — — — — Total 190 190 — — * Including those specified in Sections 2, 3, 7, and 8 of the Factory Act as remediable under the Public Health Acts. t Section 22 of the Public Health Acts Amendment Act, 1890, has been adopted by the Council. Sufficiency and suitability of sanitary accommodation for persons employed in factories and workshops is the same standard as that provided under the Factory and Workshop Act, 1901. 53 OTHER MATTERS. Class. Number. Matters notified to H.M. Inspectors of Factories :— Failure to affix Abstract of the Factory and Workshop Act (s. 133) 22 Action taken in matters referred by H.M. Inspectors as remediable under the PublicHealth Acts, but not under the Factory Act (s. 5). Notified by H.M. |
d5918e3c-5776-4f9e-b6b1-5056c3ceb240 | Inspector 23 Reports (of action taken) sent to H. M. Inspectors 23 Other 9 Underground Bakehouses (s. 101):— In use during 1903 8 Certificates granted in 1903 18 in 1904 In use at the end of 1904 8 Homework:— Number of Lists of Outworkers* (s. 107):— Lists. Outworkers. Lists received 153 368 Addresses of outworkers forwarded to other authorities 9 received from other authorities 18 Homework in unwholesome or infected premises:— Wearing Apparel. Other. Notices prohibiting homework in unwholesome premises (s. 108) — — Cases of infectious disease notified in homeworkers' premises 2 2 Orders prohibiting homework in infected premises (s. 110) — — 54 Class. Number. Workshops on the Registers. |
504a25e4-72fa-4484-ac06-c1f8b9c5455f | 131) at the end of 1904:— Laundries 256 Bakehouses 26 Dressmakers 25 Others 49 Total number of workshops on Register 356 Acton Improvement Act. The Acton Improvement Act, which came into force in June last, deals with many important matters relating to infectious disease prevention, tuberculosis, common lodging-houses, slaughter-houses, and sanitary provisions. The following sections set forth the provisions as to Tuberculosis:— TUBERCULOSIS IN ANIMALS. Part IV. Section 31 provides a penalty of £ 10 against any person who knowingly sells or suffers to be sold within the district milk for human consumption from a cow suffering from tuberculosis of the udder. This is a new provision, but there is no doubt that the word " knowingly" will be the great obstacle in recovering any penalty under this section. |
81b056c5-4cf6-4f96-92d0-bd6be2c0689f | Section 32 provides that any person who has become aware that any cow in his dairy from which milk 55 is used or sold for human consumption is suffering from tuberculosis of the udder and does not isolate such animal, shall be liable to a penalty of £5. This section is also new, and should prove very useful. Section 33 provides that any dairyman having a cow which he suspects or exhibits signs of tuberculosis shall inform the Medical Officer of Health and state his name and the address of the dairy where the cow is. Penalty for default 40s. This is also a very useful section, but there will be a difficulty of the various farmers supplying milk to Acton becoming aware of the provisions of the section. Section 34.—Under this section the Medical Officer of Health, or any person authorized by him in writing, may take samples of milk for examination, if the milk is intended for sale, produced, or sold within the district. |
451fb7a9-5335-4ece-a2c2-048569ebddae | The same powers may be exercised outside the district, but a justice's order must first be obtained in the district where it is proposed to take the sample. Under this section there is no penalty imposed upon any person refusing to allow a sample to be taken, neither has the sample to be divided as is required by the Food and Drugs Act. The object of this section is to permit of the milk of any cow being submitted to a bacteriological examination. Section 35. |
f5a4c46a-8d19-4555-9a8b-4382ef638254 | — (a) If milk from a dairy situate within the district is being sold or suffered to be sold or used within the district, the Medical Officer or any person provided with (and, if required, exhibiting) the authority in writing of the Medical Officer may, if accompanied by a properly qualified veterinary surgeon, at all reasonable hours enter the dairy and inspect the cows kept therein, and if the Medical Officer or such person has reason to suspect that any cow in the dairy is suffering from tuberculosis of the udder he may require the cow to be milked 56 in his presence, and may take samples of the milk, and the milk from any particular teat shall, if he so requires, be kept separate, and separate samples thereof be furnished. |
60a754e2-560e-4e34-b953-dd3be00e67b1 | (b) If the Medical Officer is of opinion that tuberculosis is caused or is likely to be caused to persons residing in the district from consumption of the milk supplied from a dairy situate within the district or from any cow kept therein, he shall report thereon to the Council, and his report shall be accompanied by any report furnished to him by the veterinary surgeon, and the Council may thereupon serve on the dairyman notice to appear before them within such time (being not less than 24 hours), as may be specified in the notice, to show cause why an order should not be made requiring him not to supply milk from any such dairy within the district until the order has been withdrawn by the Council. (c) The same provisions apply as in (3) to dairies outside the district, but a justice's order must first be obtained from a justice having jurisdiction in the district in which the dairy is situated. (d) Every assistance must be given to the Medical Officer of Health or authorized person. |
0418dd5e-16ab-420f-875f-7ff5f4928a4b | Penalty for refusing such assistance or obstruction, £5. (e) If in their opinion the dairyman fails to show cause why such an order should not be made as aforesaid, the Council may make the said order, and shall forthwith serve notice of the facts on the County Council of any administrative county in which the dairy is situated and on the Local Government Board, and if the dairy is situated outside the district, on the Council of the borough or district in which it is situated. (f) The said order shall be forthwith withdrawn on the Council or their Medical Officer being satisfied that the milk supply has been changed, or that it is not likely to cause tuberculosis to persons residing in the district. (g) If any person, after such an order has been 57 made, supplies any milk within the district in contravention of the order, or sells it for consumption therein, he shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding £5, and if the offence continues, to a daily penalty not exceeding forty shillings. |
e9ea72b7-b9ab-46f3-b1f4-14a19b3d6e45 | (h) A dairyman shall not be liable to an action for breach of contract if the breach be due to an order under this section. This section is an extension of section 4 of the Infectious Disease (Prevention) Act, 1890, so as to include tuberculosis. Section 36 allows the dairyman to appeal against an order made under the preceding section on refusal of the Council to withdraw the order to the Board of Agriculture, who shall appoint an officer to hear such appeal. The Board of Agriculture may require payment from the dairyman of any costs incurred by the appeal, and the Board may confirm, vary, or withdraw the order. Section 37.— If the dairyman shall not himself be in default in consequence of an order being made, or the refusal of the Council to its withdrawal, he may recover full compensation for any damage from the Council. The amount of compensation to be determined as provided by section 308 of the Public Health Act, 1875. |
85583ff9-6d1f-4945-9183-d1443c75e794 | Section 38 requires public notice to be given of this Part of this Act, and this has already been done according to the terms of the section. Section 39 provides for the recovery of penalties before a petty sessional court having jurisdiction in the place where the dairy is situated only. Section 40 provides for the testing of cows for discovering tuberculosis by tuberculin or other reasonable test, but this must not be applied unless the consent of the owner is obtained. All expenses incurred in the 58 execution of this part of the Act shall be charged to the general district rate. The attention of the Council must be drawn to the fact that the consent of the owner must be obtained before any test can be applied to any animal. Section 41.—Under this section power is given the Council to delegate its powers for the execution of this Part of the Act to a Committee. COMMON LODGING-HOUSES. Part VIII. |
408d46fa-025f-474e-86a1-eb340ebdcaa4 | Section 98 makes it compulsory on the proprietor of a common lodging-house to register the name of person in charge of the lodging-house when such proprietor is not residing on the premises, and such person must be approved by the Inspector of Nuisances, and must remain in the lodging-house at night between the hours of 9 p.m. and 6 a.m. It also provides that the keeper shall reside constantly on the premises. Penalty of 40s. for default. Section 99 requires every common lodging-house to be provided with sufficient and suitable sanitary conveniences, having regard to the number of lodgers, and with proper separate sanitary conveniences for persons of each sex, upon the report of the Inspector of Nuisances. Penalty for not providing same £20. Section 100 provides for an annual registration day for common lodging-houses and keepers. |
56fde952-6e85-4f8e-bfc8-744e6d55ebaa | Applications for renewal to be sent in on or previous to the 15th day of May in every year, and the Council may refuse to register or re-register any person if not satisfied as to his character and fitness for the position. 59 Leave to appeal is also given within 14 days, and a penalty of £5 against any person carrying on a lodginghouse unregistered, or who has not renewed his registration for the current year. Section 101 requires notice to be given of the provision of this Part of the Act, which has already been done. SLAUGHTER-HOUSES. Part XI. Section 117. (1) At any time after the passing of this Act the Council may— (a) Acquire by agreement any premises within the district used for the purpose of slaughtering cattle (hereinafter referred to as a "slaughterhouse") and the interest or interests of any owner, lessee, and occupier of such premises. |
999f553b-a251-4829-afb3-2822813c3c25 | (b) Agree with the owner, lessee, and occupier of any slaughter-house for the abolition of slaughtering therein on such terms and conditions as may be arranged between the parties. (2) At any time after the expiration of three years from the passing of this Act and after the Council have provided adequate slaughter-houses in convenient positions (to the satisfaction of the Local Government Board), and alter the expiration of six calendar months from the date of publication by the Council in two local newspapers circulating in the district of notice to that effect, no person shall in the way of trade slaughter any cattle within the district except in slaughter-houses provided by the Council, but this shall not apply to the slaughtering on premises by the owner, lessee, or occupier thereof of any cattle belonging to him and not 60 slaughtered for the purpose of trade, or by a farmer or agricultural occupier on his own premises. If any person acts in contravention of this section he shall be liable for each offence to a penalty not exceeding £5. |
c76a139a-81df-431d-ac98-8e524e2f8d38 | (3) The Council shall pay compensation to the owner, lessee, and occupier of every slaughter-house who may be injuriously affected by the exercise of the above powers, and the amount of such compensation shall, in case of difference, be settled as cases of disputed compensation are settled under the Lands Clauses Acts, and the provisions of those Acts shall apply accordingly. (4) The fees and charges to be demanded and received by the Council in respect of the use of any slaughter-house provided by them, or of any convenience connected therewith, shall be regulated by byelaws to be approved by the Local Government Board, and the Council may make byelaws accordingly, provided that the Council shall have power to charge for any slaughterhouse let at a weekly, monthly, or other rent such sum as may be agreed upon by the Council and the renters. |
be7db392-a8fd-481c-a3c2-5301f86149bf | (5) Nothing in this section shall interfere with the operation or effect of the Diseases of Animals Act, 1894, or of any order or licence of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries made or granted thereunder. Section 118. It shall not be lawful to blow or inflate the carcase, or any part of the carcase, of any animal slaughtered within, or brought within, the district, and any person offending against this enactment or exposing or depositing for sale within the district a carcase blown or inflated, or any part thereof, shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding 20s. This section makes it illegal to inflate any carcase, and very properly, as the air which is blown in may be from a contaminated source. 61 INFECTIOUS DISEASE PREVENTION. Part III. |
9027ac56-cce9-4525-9abb-d118c28d3f2a | As to the prevention of Infectious Disease provision is made with regard to infected books from Lending Libraries, infectious disease among dairymen and their servants, the inspection of school children, and the requiring of notification from the schools of children absent on account of infectious disease; also provision with regard to the manufacture and sale of ice cream, &c. SANITARY PROVISIONS. Part VII. These sections strengthen the general law with regard to drains and soil-pipes, the abolition of brick ash-pits, the cleansing of cisterns, provisions as to houses without a water supply, the amendment of Section 19 of the Public Health Acts Amendment Act 1890, defining the establishment of a new business, enlarging the definition of nuisances, the improper construction and repair of water-closets or drains, and various other important matters. Registered and Licensed Premises, &c. With regard to— Common Lodging-houses. Houses Let in Lodgings. Moveable Dwellings. |
e197b9f6-2732-4c0a-900a-da8bd97a2536 | Slaughter-houses. Cowsheds, Dairies, and Milkshops. Offensive Trades. Unsound Food. These are fully dealt with in the Report of the Chief Sanitary Inspector, which is appended herewith. SECTION VI. ADOPTIVE ACTS, BYELAWS, AND REGULATIONS IN FORCE IN THE DISTRICT. 65 SECTION VI. Adoptive Acts, Byelaws and Regulations in force in the District. The following Acts have been adopted :— Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890, Part III. Infectious Disease (Prevention) Act, 1890. Public Health Acts Amendment Act, 1890, section 3. Public Libraries Act, 1892. Baths and Washhouses Acts, 1846-1882. Acton Improvement Act, 1904. Byelaws. The following Byelaws and Regulations are in force in the District:— As to Made under Act. |
1dacc126-d02d-4ad2-a468-f6ad7434c4e2 | Section. New Streets „ P. H. A., 1875 157 Do. „ P. H. A. A. A., 1890 23 Cemeteries „ Cemeteries Clauses Act, 1847 2 Cleansing of Footways „ P. H. A., 1875 44 Closing of Buildings „ P. H. A., 1875 157 Common Lodging-houses „ P. H. A., 1875 80 Drainage „ P. H. A., 1875 157 New Buildings „ P. H. A., 1875 157 Do. „ P. H. A. A. A., 1890 23 Houses Let in Lodgings „ P. H. A., 1875 90 Offensive Trades „ P. H. A., 1875 113 Public Pleasure Grounds „ P. H.A., 1875 164 Scavenging „ P. |
81518aae-e77b-4052-927b-21ae99432e48 | H.A., 1875 44 66 County Council Byelaws. The following are in force in the District:— As to Made by Tent Dwellers, &c. Middlesex County Council. Disturbance of Persons Assembled in Public Buildings Do. Indecent Bathing Do. Lights to Vehicles Do. Posting Bills without Permission Do. Street Music Do. Shooting Galleries, Roundabouts, &c. Do. Betting in Streets Do. Abusive and Profane Language Do. Disorderly Conduct and Noisy Animals Do. With regard to the Byelaws made by the Middlesex County Council, and which are in force in the District. These can only be put in execution by the Police and Middlesex County Council. As to Made under Act. Section. Slaughter-houses „ P. H. A., 1875 169 Removal of Snow, Filth, &c. |
a65b586b-0a08-4cd3-99c8-c667bf236a32 | „ P. H. A., 1875 44 Waterclosets „ P. H. A. A. A 1890 23 Paving of Yards „ P. H. A. A. A., 1890 23 Removal of House Refuse „ P. H. A. A. A., 1890 23 Commons „ Metropolitan Commons Supplemental Act, 1882 Employment of Children „ Employment of Children Act, 1903 1, 2, 4. 9 Cleanliness and Position of Water Cisterns „ Acton Improvement Act, 1904 80 Isolation Hospitals „ Action Improvement Act, 1904 19 SECTION VII. CHIEF SANITARY INSPECTOR'S REPORT. f 2 69 SECTION VII. Annual Report of the Chief Sanitary Inspector for the Year 1904. To Dr. G. A. Garry Simpson, Medical Officer of Health. |
36d4ce8f-ef82-42ca-a489-7f627fad1965 | Sir,—I herewith present my fifth annual statement, showing the particulars of the action taken in the suppression of nuisances, &c., and various improvements effected by this department during the year 1904. The amount of sanitary work which has been done through the medium of this department will be seen from the tables which I have compiled. The complaints received at the Health Department are of a very varied character, and are often amusing. For example:—A woman called at the office to ask me to have a mangy dog destroyed belonging to a neighbour, as it had given the disease to seven children living in an adjoining house. Another individual requested a letter from me approving of his action in moving out of a house before I had inspected it on account of the damp condition of the same. I found upon my visit that a water pipe had burst, saturating the ceiling. He informed me that he did not know it was necessary in such a case to turn off the water at the stopcock. |
f5db777b-9e4b-46be-b0cc-fb88a6035577 | One thing I have particularly noticed since I have been in Acton, and that is the absence of bass brooms in the houses of the industrial classes. Without hesitation, I can say that in 90 percent, of the houses such an article would not be found, and, in calling attention to the dirty state of the yards, &c., their excuse invariably is that they have no broom. One of the charities in Acton would be conferring a great benefit to the cause of sanitation by distributing good bass brooms amongst the poorer classes. 70 Another evil I find in their houses is unnecessary furniture, ornaments, and drapery. These are not kept clean, and are receptacles for dust and filth. It is a very common occurrence when passing along a dark, narrow passage to be flapped in the face by some dirty curtains, which have been artistically hung and draped to make the kitchen a little more private, or, as they tell you, to take off the length of the passage. |
962edcce-2e8c-4c4b-8c0b-8022e5700266 | Owners, I find, when served with a notice to abate a nuisance arising from damp walls, try to evade the remedy by covering up the dampness with matchboarding. This is a very old idea, and it is difficult to convince such persons that, although the matchboarding has been erected, the dampness still exists, and that the only permanent remedy is to insert a damp course beneath the lowest timbers, and sometimes a vertical damp course as well, according to the circumstances giving rise to the dampness. In July the Council sent me to Glasgow as a delegate to the Sanitary Conference, and the proceedings were most valuable and instructive. Two important inventions which were on view at the Exhibition I should like to bring to the Council's notice. The first is an arrangement for the cleaning of premises without dismantling. It is not altogether new, but there is no doubt it is the right method for house-cleaning, and should be brought to the notice of the public. |
df6f906f-aaac-4764-b575-5d21fc120101 | By means of air in a high state of vacuum suction all articles are instantly freed from dust by passing a flat-shaped nozzle over the carpets, furniture, &c. The dust is drawn down a tube into a receptacle provided for the purpose outside the building. In the London area alone, during the year, 7,000 houses were thus cleaned and 63 tons of solid dust were removed. As is well known, dust assists in the production of a low state of health, especially among children, and the more general use of such a mode of house-cleaning should be welcomed by all. 71 The second invention was for the prevention of smoke from factory chimneys. The arrangement is very simple and cheap, and consists of tubes made of prepared clay, and fixed beyond the bridge of the boiler. These, soon after the fire is lighted, become white hot, like an incandescent gas mantle, and consume all smoke and incombusted gas which passes through them. |
0283ed59-7c6a-404b-ba4b-f4d4979a4431 | From the experiments I witnessed it was most efficient, and if adopted by all manufacturers there is no doubt we should not hear so much about the pollution of the air. It is only to be hoped that such an arrangement will be able to be adopted for use in household grates. In the course of visiting slaughter-houses and butchers' shops, on one or two occasions I found meat showing slight evidences of tuberculosis. On drawing the owner's attention to the diseased parts they were at once destroyed. No prosecution for selling diseased meat has occurred during the year. The slaughtermen, I find, make it a practice to cut the pharyngeal glands from pigs whilst dressing the carcasses. |
9cc3c1ff-4cae-4759-9b44-e6f346faf1a6 | These glands show very clearly the presence of tubercle in the pig, and by their being extracted it is impossible to seize the heads of those affected, or the whole carcase, as recommended by the Royal Commission, who advise that the presence of tubercle (in any degree) in pigs should involve the seizure of the whole carcase. So that one has to cut into and examine other glands, generally the inguinal glands. I communicated with the Local Government Board with regard to the cutting out of these glands, to which they replied that their Inspector, Dr. Buchanan, would make inquiries, and would communicate with me on the subject. It is impossible to impress too strongly upon butchers and slaughtermen that if the lungs, liver, kidneys, or lymphatic glands of a slaughtered animal show even 72 slight evidence of tubercle these parts should be destroyed, and also the neighbouring parts of the carcase, even if they appear healthy. |
8cf068cf-4462-4637-80b9-2446b8b73822 | Doubtless, it would be better to destroy the whole carcase, but owing to the widespread prevalence of tubercle, the question of compensation is a serious one; but there can be no question of the wisdom of destroying any portion of a carcase which presents to the naked eye traces, no matter how slight, of tuberculosis. Upon making an inspection of one of the principal cowsheds, I found a cow which appeared to me to be in a very advanced state of tuberculosis. The next day I drew your attention to my discovery, and you visited the premises and confirmed my opinion. I communicated with Dr. Young, the county medical officer of health, and arranged a meeting to inspect the animal, but upon our again visiting the cowshed the animal had been removed. The cowkeeper was questioned as to the whereabouts of the animal, but he denied that any animal had been removed, and pointed out another cow, which he said was the cow in question. |
fc152688-9512-4386-bbc7-c3fc154054c6 | You informed him that further investigations would be made, but within six hours he called upon you and apologised for his action, and admitted that the cow had the day before been sold to Messrs. Harrison and Barber for cats and dogs meat. The Acton Improvement Act, which received the Royal Assent on 24th June, contains many useful and beneficial clauses. Although Parliament did not grant all the Council asked for, the application of the sections it does contain will greatly assist us in making Acton the healthiest suburb around London. In many matters it is now not necessary to prove a nuisance or direct injury to health. The clauses dealing with tuberculosis in cows and milk are most important, and will be made use of should occasion arise. 73 I have to thank Mr. E. J. Gough, (assistant inspector) for his able assistance during the year. I can only speak in the highest terms of his abilities and his devotion to duty. |
6dd70bdb-1f7b-421d-be1f-e7d6e1287c17 | Miss L. Bulkeley Williams (health visitor) has assisted me in many ways, and has brought to my notice things which I should not ordinarily have met with, and I beg to record my thanks to her. It was necessary during the year to make a change of typist, and in Miss Morton we have a most capable stenographer and typist. On behalf of the Department I beg to tender to you many thanks for your kind consideration. I am, dear Sir, obediently yours, Maurice W. Kinch. Public Health Department, Gothic Villa, Mill Hill Grove, Acton, W. |
0f66423c-3b43-49cc-9231-f0568227ae2a | 74 Number of Inspections, &c. Premises inspected 2,216 Re-inspections to premises where Nuisances were in course of abatement 3.981 Nuisances reported 3.7I5 „ abated 3.427 Letters written 638 „ received 1.525 Notices received from H. M. Factory Inspector 10 Library Books removed from Infected Houses and destroyed 9 Van Dwellings inspected 11 Visits paid to Infected Houses 461 Infectious Patients removed to Hospitals 55 Rooms fumigated 232 Bedding disinfected 35 tons 15 cwt. Closets disinfected after Enteric Fever Cases 8 The following Tabulated List gives particulars of the sanitary improvements effected during the year:— House drains taken up and reconstructed 49 „ repaired 32 , unstopped and cleansed 86 , provided with intercepting traps 142 „ manholes provided to 181 „ ventilated 20 „ manholes to, cleansed 20 , |
4a601ca3-e07e-4d99-9704-ecaee202f031 | „ repaired 25 „ fresh-air inlets repaired 10 „ „ „ provided 180 Water-closets repaired 10 „ new provided 6 „ „ pans provided to 190 „ unstopped and cleansed 35 „ pan closets and containers replaced by efficient pans 3 , provided with new flushing cisterns 123 „ flushing cisterns repaired 64 „ flush, disconnected from drinking water cisterns 13 75 Waterclosets additional or separate, provided in Factories and Workshops 9 „ apartment, foul and dilapidated 23 Soil-pipes repaired 11 „ ventilated 19 „ increased ventilation provided 17 „ reconstructed 14 Want of stopper to interceptor 10 Ventilating shafts repaired 15 „ provided 82 Waste-pipes, sink waste-pipes disconnected from drain 57 „ „ stopped 5 „ bath and lavatory waste-pipes disconnected from drain 13 Sinks, new, |
dc85fedd-077c-4ea8-8f03-3da6f16ec794 | provided 4 „ repaired 61 „ trapped with lead traps 28 Rainwater-pipes disconnected from drain 160 „ repaired 68 „ provided 17 Eaves guttering provided 25 „ repaired 64 Gully traps replaced with stoneware gullies 97 „ removed from improper situations 8 „ unstopped 9 „ provided 24 „ grids provided to 15 „ cement work around, repaired 38 Yards, paving repaired 102 „ paved and drained 70 „ cleansed 48 Dust-bins provided 293 Ashpits, foul and defective, |
e4e052a3-a66c-4731-b144-8a8d3923e939 | remedied 54 Cisterns repaired and covered 33 „ cleansed 21 „ removed from improper position 4 Houses cleansed and whitewashed 364 76 Houses plastering of walls and ceilings repaired 94 „ dealt with under Housing Acts 24 Workshops cleansed and limewashed 26 „ roof repaired 11 Roofs of houses repaired 68 Floors of houses repaired or relaid 36 „ workshops repaired or relaid 32 „ stables repaired or relaid 9 Stables provided with drainage 3 „ „ ventilation 2 Coach-house floors repaired 10 „ ceilings 5 Dampness of house walls remedied 121 Air spaces under floors of houses ventilated 3 Accumulations of refuse removed 34 , manure removed 12 , water in cellars removed 6 „ in ditches 6 Manure receptacles provided 18 Animals, fowls, &c. nuisances from, abated 22 Urinals cleansed 18 Overcrowding, |
2603c36e-15f8-433b-af40-b739a8d9b392 | number of cases abated 10 Smoke nuisances, number of cases dealt with 1 Water supply provided to houses 4 Taps provided on main 6 Miscellaneous nuisances abated 53 Notices. One thousand one hundred and eighty-seven Preliminary Notices and 63 Statutory Notices have been served for the abatement of nuisances, and the necessary works asked for were carried out in nearly all cases, no Police Court proceedings being necessary. As I pointed out last year the very few Police Court proceedings and the number of Statutory Notices compared with the Preliminary ones show that the Statutory Notices are not asked for unless the owners 77 absolutely refuse to comply with what I consider a reasonable request, and necessary in the interests of public health. Drainage Examinations. The smoke test has been applied 173 times, and in addition 42 drains were opened up for examination after formal written complaints had been made and authority given for that purpose. The volatile or chemical test has also been applied to drains in numerous instances. |
ed286869-cc11-4d35-bf29-ca39cf2c21c3 | Inspection of Meat and Other Foods. The various butchers' shops, greengrocers' shops, and other places where food is sold were frequently inspected during the year, but I did not find any cause for complaint. During the year the following were seized and taken before a Justice:— 1 box of oranges. 1 barrel of dog fish. 1 pad of skate. 1 barrel of apples. 28 breasts of mutton. ½ bushel of pears. 3½ dozen haddocks. Food and Drug's Acts. Samples under these Acts were taken by Mr. W. Tyler, the County Council Inspector. No returns were supplied to our Council as to the number of samples taken in the district and the result of the analysis. I have now been appointed to carry out this work, and I propose starting on 1st January, 1905. A detailed statement will be presented in the next Annual Report. Dairies, Cowsheds, and Milkshops. |
542b6821-955a-44dc-9d59-218a871c7dae | There are at present 68 dairies and milkshops and 3 cowkeepers on the Register. Every quarter I forward a Notice to the occupier of every dairy and cowshed 78 reminding him of his duty to have the premises limewashed, as required by the Regulations, 141 visits were paid to the dairies and milkshops, and 18 to the cowsheds, and they were found to be in good order, with the exception of one which was found to be getting into a bad state. I served a notice upon the owner to remedy the defects, and he has given the tenant notice to leave, and proposes putting up some houses on the site. Bakehouses. The number of bakehouses on the Register is 26, of which eight are underground. A circular letter is sent to the occupiers every six months reminding them of the time to limewash and cleanse, as prescribed by the Factory and Workshop Act, 1901. |
6dd0af29-fac4-49bb-adce-77254cd4472e | All these premises have been visited, 89 inspections having been made. Slaughter-houses. There are four registered slaughter-houses in the district, 48 visits were paid to these premises, and upon each occasion the byelaws were found to be complied with. Piggeries. With reference to the piggeries I have to report that they have been frequently inspected, but I have never received any complaints as to the smell from same. In Old Oak Lane, Nos. 1 to 4, I have persuaded the owner to make the tenants abolish keeping pigs in the back yards, so that we now only have three piggeries in Old Oak Lane. Common Lodging-houses. Only two common lodging-houses exist in the district. These have been regularly inspected, and on all occasions found to be in a satisfactory condition. 79 Smoke Abatement. All factory and works chimneys have been observed at frequent intervals. |
2e227b34-c428-4b4d-920f-a2e3db030de6 | No proceedings have been taken against the owners for emitting black smoke so as to be a nuisance. I received complaints from the Coal Smoke Abatement Society during the year and immediately served Notices with reference to same. The observations kept by myself and assistant numbered 19. I have to record the valuable assistance in the suppression of smoke nuisances which I have received from the Inspector to the Coal Smoke Abatement Society. Printed by Knight & Co., La Belle Sauvage, E.C.—(6132-1905) |
35281a22-1f3a-4207-9903-7ad6aeabe51e | ACT 13 Urban District of Acton. Annual Report of the Medical Officer of Health for 1 9 0 5. Urban District of Acton. Annual Report of the Medical Officer of Health for 1 9 0 5. 2 Public Health and Isolation Hospital Committee. Mr. Councillor E. F. HUNT (Chairman). „ „ F. A. BALDWIN. „ „ W. EYDMANN, Jun. „ „ S. GOODHALL. „ „ S. F. HOLLOWAY. „ „ J. W. JARRATT, J.P. „ „ E. E. B. LANDON. „ „ G. PIKE. ANNUAL REPORT of the MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH for the URBAN DISTRICT OF ACTON, For the Year 1905. Gothic Villa, Mill Hill Grove, March, 1906. |
d42bcca5-d9a8-403c-9f6a-b5f7968440a5 | To the Chairman and Members of the Acton District Council. Gentlemen, I have the honour to present the Council with a Report on the sanitary condition of the district, together with the vital and other statistics for the year 1905. The report has been so arranged as to comply, as far as possible, with the recommendations issued by the Local Government Board:— Every Medical Officer of Health, appointed under order of the Local Government Board, is required to make an annual report with regard to each sanitary district which is under his superintendence. This report is to be for the year ending 31st of December, and is to be made to the Council by whom he is appointed. The Medical Officer of Health himself should send a copy of it to the Local Government Board, and to the County Council within which his district may be situated. |
057a0501-290f-42e9-96e0-bace08d3ef37 | 4 The report should deal with the extent, distribution and causes of disease within the district; and should give an account of any noteworthy outbreaks of epidemic diseases during the year under review, stating the results of his investigations into their origin and propagation, and the steps taken by him, or on his advice, to check their spread. As these reports are for the information of the Local Government Board and of the County Council, as well as of the Council of the District, a statement of the local circumstances and a history of local sanitary questions, which may seem superfluous for the latter, may often be needed by the former bodies. The tabular statements of sickness and mortality in the district during the year, are appended on forms supplied for that purpose, and are the subject of comments in the rest of the report. These Tables are given at the end of the report; Table 5 appears in that form this year for the first time. |
1c402f62-314e-4a17-b4e6-6b9c7efaef0f | One Table is supplied by the Home Office for the guidance and convenience of Medical Officers of Health in preparing that part of their Annual Report which relates to Factories, Workshops, Workplaces and Homework. Section 132 of the Factory and Workshops Act, 1901, requires that the Medical Officer of Health of every District Council shall, in his Annual Report to them, report specifically on the administration of this Act in Workshops and Workplaces ; and he shall send a copy of his Annual Report, or so much as deals with this subject to the Secretary of State. POPULATION. As population is the basis of all our vital statistics, it is of the greatest importance that we should arrive at a fairly correct estimate of it, if any reliance is to be placed on the mortality and other statistics. Our knowledge rests primarily on the Census returns which have been made regularly since 1801, and the numbers of the latest enumerations are utilized as a basis to calculate the probable increase or decrease in the population. |
ea5c1398-54b4-4434-b4be-50bf1aff597b | 5 For statistical purposes, the estimated population at the end of the second quarter in each year is taken, and various methods have been devised by which an estimate is arrived at, but it is obvious that the correct figures can only be ascertained for the end of the first quarter of the actual year in which the Census was taken. If there had been neither emigration nor immigration, the exact population could be ascertained by calculating the natural increase or decrease in each year, i.e. the increase or the decrease would correspond to the number by which the births exceeded or fell short of the deaths. In Acton, emigration and immigration profoundly affect the population, and though no information is obtainable as to the extent of these factors, we are perfectly aware of their effect. Any estimate based upon the natural increase of the population would be entirely worthless. |
c57dea68-263a-4718-87e1-b73fc305b610 | The method adopted by the Registrar General is based on the assumption that the population increases in geometrical progression, that the rate of increase which prevailed in the last completed intercensal period has since been maintained. Such an assumption is constantly being demonstrated to be unreliable by the results of the Census. The result may be vitiated by the introduction of factors which formerly were not in existence. Any abnormal development within the district is liable to upset any calculation based on such an assumption. In Acton, since 1901 the development of large industries and the revolution of the mode of transit, have rendered such a method of calculation almost valueless, and one is justified in discarding it. The nearest approach to a correct estimate will probably be attained by calculating the number of new houses erected and occupied since the Census, and allowing 6.2 persons for each house. |
3fdcfeec-dfcb-47e4-8633-950380270191 | This figure represents the average number of persons occupying each house at the Census, but there is reason to believe 6 that now the average number is slightly higher, owing to the character of the buildings erected. A large number of the houses recently built are let in tenements, and this fact accounts for the increase in the average number of occupiers per house from 5.9 in 1891 to 6.2 in 1901. At the Census of 1901, there were 6,086 inhabited houses in the district and the population was 37,744. There were besides, 454 uninhabited houses ; 95 of the latter were in occupation and 359 were not in occupation. The point should be emphasized that the above figures have been abstracted from Table 9 of the Census report, as some confusion has arisen, and a distinction was not made between Tables 9, 12 and 15 of the Report. |
ceeb2454-5abd-4328-9170-2e1cce9b1d28 | The number of tenements together with the number of rooms to each tenement is given in Table 15, and there were 8,326 separate tenements in the parish at the Census. The figure 6,086 represents the number of separate dwelling houses, and if a house is let in flats, the building is reckoned as a single house, and each tenement is not taken separately. Between March 31st, 1901, and June 30th, 1905, 1,865 dwelling houses or shops have been erected, and 63 public buildings, such as schools, factories, offices, workshops, &c." On the latter date there would be in the district 158 public buildings and 8,320 dwelling houses ; 310 of the latter were vacant, leaving a total of 8,010 houses inhabited and in occupation. An average of 6.2 persons per house would give a population of 49,662. |
bf5120c0-c219-4abe-9b5a-3243dd426bf5 | As there is reason to assume that the average number is now slightly over 6.2, for the purposes of this report, the population has been estimated at 50,000 inhabitants. Unless great changes in the industrial and social conditions of a district have recently taken place, the birth rate serves as a means of checking the estimated population. Though the birth rate has shown a tendency towards a steady and continuous decline, these stages have not been marked by sudden and abrupt changes, and if the deviation from the average birth rate 7 of the district he abnormal, there is always reason for suspecting a mistake in the estimated population. On Table i is given the birth rate since 1895, and based upon an estimate of 50,000, there is only a difference of 1 per 1000 between the rate of 1905 and the decennial average. BIRTHS. The number of births registered during the year was 1,527, 807 males and 720 females. |
716aaa3a-730a-436f-97b7-c1bff217c92e | This number corresponds to a birth rate of 30.5 per 1,000 inhabitants, which is 16 per cent. higher than that of 1904, and slightly below the average rate for the ten years 1895-1904. The above figures have been obtained by estimating the number of births as the rate per 1,000 of the population living at all ages. The result obtained by this method may be described as the crude birth rate. As a means of comparison with the birth rate of the district in former years, it is satisfactory, unless there are strong reasons to assume that the age constitution of the population has considerably changed. If the number of women living at child-bearing years differs in the districts compared, the above method would be useless as a basis of comparison. As a ratio of the births to the total population, the birth rate of Acton is higher than that of England and Wales, and even higher than it is in the 76 large towns. |
4d7dbf4f-dc92-4550-9e60-b831d1c4b851 | But if we calculate the ratio which the births registered bears to the women living between the ages of 15 and 45 years, the birth rate in this district is lower than it is throughout the kingdom. If we assume that the age and sex distribution has not altered since the Census, the births registered last year correspond to a rate of 108 per 1,000 women living between the ages of 15 and 45 years. 8 DEATHS. On Table I, instructions are given by the Local Government Board concerning the corrections necessary before arriving at the net number of deaths belonging to the district. The deaths of "non-residents" are to be subtracted from the total registered in the district, and the deaths of "residents" registered in public institutions beyond the district are to be added. By the term "non-resident" is meant persons brought into the district on account of sickness or infirmity and dying in public institutions here. |
19e11b43-5789-4081-b63a-1025da7fc37d | By the term "residents" is meant persons who have been taken out of the district on account of sickness or infirmity and died in public institutions elsewhere. The "public institutions" to be taken into account for the purposes of the Local Government Board Tables are those into which persons are habitually received on account of sickness or infirmity, such as hospitals, workhouses, and lunatic asylums. Five hundred and thirty-seven deaths were registered in the district ; three of these were of persons belonging to other districts, but only one non-resident died in a public institution, leaving 536 as the total deaths belonging to, and registered in, the district. This figure would correspond to a death rate of 10.7 per 1,000 inhabitants. |
fe216b05-5c7a-43ed-b7d5-72f07f16ac5e | Hitherto, the deaths of "residents" registered in public institutions beyond the district have not been included, but last year the County Council made arrangements whereby a list of these deaths was obtained by the County Medical Officer of Health, who forwarded to the local Medical Officers of Health particulars of the deaths belonging to the respective districts. For Poor Law purposes, this parish is included in the Brentford Union, and 54 persons belonging to Acton died in the Workhouse Infirmary. 9 Owing to the proximity of Acton to the large London hospitals, a large number of residents are yearly treated in public institutions outside the district, and any deaths which may result have to be added. Altogether, 92 residents died outside the district, and these deaths were distributed as follows :— Isleworth Infirmary 54 West London Hospital 7 St. George's Hospital 5 Great Ormonde Street Children's Hospital 5 Wandsworth Asylum 5 St. Mary's Hospital 3 St. |
c3eb3147-6e90-415d-98b1-cfe977b0f216 | Thomas' Hospital 2 Mount Vernon Hospital 2 Guy's Hospital 1 University College Hospital 1 Brompton Hospital 1 Homaepathic Hospital 1 Cancer Hospital 1 Kensington Infirmary 1 Hackney Infirmary 1 Bethnal House Asylum 1 Colney Hatch Asylum 1 The total number of deaths belonging to the district is 628, which corresponds to a death rate of 12.5 per 1,000 inhabitants. There is another correction which is necessary before a comparison can be instituted between this district and neighbouring ones. When one considers to what extent a death rate is affected by the sex distribution, and, more especially, by the age constitution of a population, its small value for comparison with other towns will be appreciated. 10 Females, as a class, live longer than males, and a town with an undue proportion of women would show a lower death rate than a town with an undue proportion of men, although the former might not necessarily be a healthier district. |
7731323a-84ca-4ff6-998f-ec110d78480a | The age constitution of the population affects the death rate in a more marked manner. The tendency to death is much greater among persons living at the extremes of life—among infants and old people—and the liability to die reaches its minimum among persons living between the ages of ten and fifteen years. In order to neutralise the errors in death rate arising from sex and age constitution, the Registrar General has devised a method by which they can be corrected. This method is based upon the death rate of each sex at different ages throughout England and Wales, and by this means series of factors are obtained bv which the recorded death rates of different towns can be multiplied, so as to make them comparable with that of England and Wales and with each other. The figures by which the recorded or crude death rate should be multiplied, in order to correct for variations of sex and age distribution, is called the factor for correction for the particular district ; and when the recorded death rate is multiplied by the factor for correction, the result is the corrected death rate for that district. |
f93cd424-1d8a-41cb-80eb-2c298ae9e5e8 | The factor for correction for Acton is 1.04240, so that if the recorded death rate 12.5 be multiplied by this figure the corrected death rate is 13.1. In 1905, the death rate for the whole of England and Wales was 15.2 per 1,000; for the 76 large towns it was 15.7 per 1.000, and for the 141 smaller towns it was 14.4 per 1,000. Ward Distribution— It is desirable and important that the statistics should be subjected to as minute an analysis as possible, if we are to ascertain the results obtained, and in what direction progress has been made. It is by such means that the actual influence of 11 sanitation upon the public health can be measured. Unfortunately, it is somewhat difficult to ascertain the exact death rate of each ward. |
9cd18b66-c251-4586-bd1e-66fe96c3c624 | The previous address of persons who died in public institutions outside the district was not this year ascertained ; it is hoped that this defect will be remedied next year. Of the deaths registered within the district, 139 belonged to the North Ward, 184 to the East Ward, and 213 to the West Ward. Again, the population of each ward can only be approximately estimated. With the assistance of the Surveyor and Accountant, the population of each ward has been calculated as follows:— North Ward 15,000 East Ward 19,000 West Ward 16,000 The death rate of each ward based upon the estimate would be:— North Ward 9.3 per 1,000 East Ward 9.7 per 1,000 West Ward 13.3 per 1,000 These figures do not include the deaths of the residents in public institutions outside the district. ZYMOTIC DISEASES. Deaths 66. Death rate 1.3. |
b5771e4b-5b51-48a3-be6b-d3f661c10273 | The so-called Zymotic death rate includes deaths from seven Zymotic Diseases namely, Small Pox, Measles, Whooping Cough, Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria, Fever and Diarrhoea. In some quarters it still retains its popularity as an index of the seven diseases. An epidemic of Measles or Whooping Cough may affect the magnitude of the Zymotic death rate more profoundly than an excessive prevalence of Diphtheria, Enteric Fever or Diarrhoea, though the former diseases may be but little dependent on sanitary conditions. Moreover, some of the other preventable diseases, such as Phthisis and Puerperal Fever are not included. 12 To obviate any fallacious conclusions, the diseases are separately dealt with. SCARLET FEVER. One hundred and thirty-seven notifications were received and two deaths occurred. As may be inferred from a case fatality of l.5 per cent., most of the cases exhibited very mild symptoms. |
b9313abb-d03d-48c9-b042-4df13e32de60 | On one occasion 5 children were found attending school in the peeling stage of the disease. In other instances, when the history of a case was being investigated, other children were found in the same house who had suffered from the disease, but in so mild a form that no doctor was called in attendance. DIPHTHERIA AND MEMBRANOUS CROUP. Fifty-one cases of Diphtheria were notified, and 4 deaths were registered as caused by the disease. Ward Distribution— Thirty-one notifications were received from the North Ward, 10 from the East Ward, and 10 from the West Ward. There is a large increase in the North Ward, and this is entirely accounted for by an outbreak which occurred in the Willesden Junction district during the latter portion of the year. In recent years, the Northern portion of the district had been comparatively free of Diphtheria, and the disease was much more prevalent in the East and West Wards. |
f8aa8358-4cb5-425c-92a0-cab60d1e571f | The same course of events was observed during the earlier part of 1905. Up to the end of July, 20 cases were notified, and of these 10 were from the West Ward and 8 from the East Ward. Between August 1st and December 31st, 29 cases were reported, and 26 of these were from the North Ward—-19 living in the Willesden Junction district. 13 Age Incidence— Of the notifications, 18, or 38 per cent. of the total, were between the ages of 1 and 5 years; and 26, or 51 per cent., were between the ages of 5 and 15 years. On the other hand, 75 per cent. of the deaths occurred in children between the ages of 1 and 5 years. |
08469bae-c15e-4c03-ba38-bcbb9c004ad4 | Between the ages of 1 and 5 years, the case fatality was 17 per cent., whilst between the ages of 5 and 15 years it only reached 4 per cent. The figures are too small upon which to base any general conclusions, except in so far as they coincide with those gleaned in other districts, and, to this extent, they serve to illustrate a few facts in connection with the disease. In the first place, the incidence of attack is different to the incidence of mortality. Diphtheria is more prevalent between the ages of 5 and 15 years, but more deaths occur between the ages of 1 and 5 years. Translated into other words, these figures mean, that the younger the child the less chance it has of recovery if attacked by the disease. |
dc89bc3e-b1ef-48f4-906f-0026c7919949 | If there be anything in the theory that school attendance is one of the most potent factors in the spread of Diphtheria, this phenomenon forms a strong argument against the encouragement of attendance at school of children between the ages of 3 and 5 years. Hospital Isolation— Thirty-nine cases were removed to the Isolation Hospital and 12 were nursed at their homes. The deaths were evenly distributed, 2 occurring in the Hospital and 2 occurring outside. Twenty-six cases from the North Ward were removed to the Hospital, 6 from the East Ward, and 7 from the West Ward. 14 Willesden Outbreak- To obviate the necessity of a further report, four cases which occurred in 1906 are included in this portion ; these are omitted from the preceding figures and also from the Tables for 1905. The first case in the Willesden neighbourhood was reported from Victoria Road on April 26th, but no others occurred until August 8th. |
99d845b0-f2ad-4e6e-957d-13ad4e18e504 | Two cases were notified in August, but neither was a pupil in the Willesden School. Between September 8th and September 20th, ten cases were notified from Railway Cottages, eight of whom attended the Willesden School. On September 11th the School was closed for 3 weeks No fresh cases occurred between September 20th & October 18th; on the latter date two notifications were received. A month elapsed before another case was notified, but between November 18th and November 25th, four notifications were received ; and on December 23rd, a case was removed to Hospital from Railway Cottages, which case subsequently proved fatal. Between January 18th and February 2nd, 1906, four cases were notified from Railway Cottages, all of whom attended school. Altogether, 24 cases were notified from this neighbourhood, and 16 of the children attended the Willesden School. |
c42b83a8-ce47-4f20-9bda-82433e9140c5 | The cases occurred in 20 houses, three in one family, two each in two houses, and a single case in 17 houses. Eighteen cases were notified from Railway Cottages, four from Inverness Terrace, one from Victoria Road, and one from the Huts. 15 Five of the children were between the ages of 3 and 4 years, six between 4 and 5 years, three between 5 and 6 years, one between 7 and 8 years, three between 8 and 9 years, and six over 10 years. A report was presented to the Health Committee upon the condition of the school, and though certain improvements were suggested, it must not be inferred that school buildings in themselves have much (if any) influence upon the propagation of Diphtheria. Even where gross insanitary conditions exist, these only act as predisposing causes in the spread of infectious disease. |
34f59243-63e7-49a7-8a60-8e2a49a1bb3a | Sewer gas, for instance, may cause an ulceration of the throat and thus make the individual more susceptible to contract Diphtheria; but the exciting cause must always be contact, either direct or indirect with somebody who is harbouring the germs. A person may be a carrier of the germs in his throat or or nose without exhibiting any clinical symptons of the disease ; or the symptons may be as mild, or even milder, than those of an ordinary sore throat. It is this peculiarity of Diphtheria which causes school attendance to be a factor in the spread of the disease. It will be observed that the cases occurred in groups, and the cessation of notifications followed the detection of a mild case, which was in attendance at school whilst suffering from the disease. When the cases from Railway Cottages were notified in September, an examination of other children suffering from a sore throat led to the discovery of Diphtheria in one of the pupils. |
f2a8d9be-fad7-4b85-9486-6e24a70554a0 | In the circumstances, it was deemed wise as an additional precaution to close the school for 3 weeks. Similarly, when a notification was received in October, a child, in whose throat the Diphtheria baccili were found, was attending school. As previously stated, following this last case, freedom from the disease was experienced for a month; but on 16 November 18th two cases, and on November 22nd one case were notified. The source of infection could not be traced, until an examination of all suspicious cases of sore throat was undertaken, and a mild case of Diphtheria was again discovered. Almost similar circumstances were observed in January, 1906, and probably the same conditions obtained in December, but as the school was closed on the latter date for the Christmas Holidays, the children were not examined. It is unnecessary to dwell upon the numerous opportunites which children in school have of transferring an infection if present, from one to the other. |
2fcc5cae-9fee-489f-b1b8-003c43e073f6 | It is more than probable that the act of coughing or sneezing or even talking, is sufficient to distribute into the atmosphere in the immediate vicinity any germs lurking in the throat or nose. To the sucking of pencils and other pastimes in which children occasionally indulge infection has been traced. Any of these conditions would be brought into operation, and it is not necessary to go further afield, although other paths along which infection is sometimes carried might be mentioned. The periods during which the district was free of the disease are not incapable of explanation. Only a very small percentage of the children was examined, and it is legitimate to assume that someone was acting as a carrier of the disease without exhibiting clinical symptoms. There is another factor which sometimes operates in the spread of Diphtheria. Convalescent children are sometimes discharged from Isolation Hospital in a state of infection, and cause what are termed "return cases." |
68a30e39-bcf9-402f-a5dd-c0c5cd88dc43 | No instance of infection due to this cause was discovered in the Willesden district, but the following case illustrates the possibility of such a source. On February 25th, a child was removed from a house in Westminster to one of the Metropolitan Fever Hospitals, suffering from Scarlet Fever. She was transferred to a Convalescent Hospital and discharged on December 12th. On December 19th, her mother was removed 17 to the hospital, suffering from Diphtheria. Dr. Allan, the Medical Officer of Health for Westminster gave me the above particulars, and stated that the child was staying with some relatives at Acton. The case was traced, and an examination was made of the throat and nose. The result of the bacteriological examination proved the child to be suffering from Diphtheria on December 22nd. |
63fd4d6d-2142-40e7-9907-62d7aad2db17 | These instances are given to show the various paths along which the infection may be carried, and the fact that the outbreak was kept so well under control is due in a great measure to the cordial co-operation of the officials of the Education Committee. Special praise is due to Mr. Syers, the Head Master, and the other teachers for the vigilence and care which they exercised. MEASLES. Eour deaths were registered as due to Measles. Measles is not a scheduled disease under the Infectious Diseases Notification Act, 1889, but cases are kindly notified from the elementary schools by the teachers. Altogether 301 cases were reported, the largest number being from the West Ward. The two schools chiefly affected were the Priory and Central. The case fatality was very low, but this phenomenon is usually observed when an outbreak occurs during the warmer months of the year. In the first and last quarters the district was almost entirely free of the disease. |
1b56d15a-d1ce-4382-b099-ca84601482d4 | WHOOPING COUGH. Ten children succumbed to this disease. Most of the deaths occurred during the first quarter of the year. One hundred and twenty-six cases were reported to the Sanitary Authority—11 from the North Ward, 72 from the East Ward, and 43 from the West Ward. 18 The notifications do not give a correct index of the distribution of the disease; the information is more promptly obtained from some schools than it is from the others. DIARRHCEAL DISEASES. The number of deaths from Diarrhoea was 40, which is equal to a rate of .8 per 1,000 living. Thirty-two of these deaths were of children under one year, which number is equal to a rate of 21 per 1,000 births. Seventeen deaths were registered as due to Enteritis or Gastro-enteritis. |
b8951111-c0f3-4e63-8be5-b596c5a689c2 | The average number of deaths from Diarrhcea alone, for the ten years 1895-1904, was over 51. This figure alone emphasises the drain of the diseases upon our resources, but it probably does not show to the full extent the amount of mischief wrought. In spite of the power of rapid recuperation which children possess, a large number of those who recover from the immediate effects of Diarrhoea are so debilitated that they succumb later to other diseases, such as Marasmus, Bronchitis. There was, in 1905, a considerable decrease in the number of deaths from diseases of the digestive organs ; and although it is too early to state definitely what effect the attention paid to the rearing of infants, one is justified in assuming that the instructions given by the Health Visitor have borne some fruit. The disease is essentially a symptom dependent on various causes, and the most severe forms occur during the summer heat. |
1b33bcc5-5341-442c-87b5-5e86c95548f0 | It is rarely seen out of large towns, and most observers regard it as a contagious Zymotic disease, though the specific germ has not with certainty been discovered. As far back as 1887, Dr. Ballard included it among the principal Zymotic diseases, and, recently, some observers have claimed the Bacillus of Shiga as the organism that gives rise to the specific symptom. Milk is probably the chief medium by which the germs are carried into the body, and the ignorance of mothers 19 in the proper management of children and their feeding is a most important factor in the causation of the disease. Very frequently the parent believes that a bottle of medicine is sufficient to cure the symptoms, and is quite oblivious of the fact that one of the factors in the illness is improper feeding, and until that is remedied the disease will persist. Even with care, the difficulty of keeping milk sweet in a warm dry summer is considerable. |
2261f37c-66ce-435e-9e79-24a655c88f29 | Dust and various other things laden with germs are liable to be deposited in the milk. Although it may seem unnatural to rejoice in a moist summer, there can be no doubt as to the beneficial influence of an excessive rainfall. The total amount of yearly rainfall bears no direct relation to the mortality ; the prevalence of the disease is more closely related to the number of rainy days in July, August and September. In this respect, last year, on the whole, was a favourable one. TUBERCULAR DISEASES. Deaths 74. Rate 1.5 per 1,000. Forty-three deaths were due to Phthisis or Consumption, this number being equal to a rate of .86 per 1,000 inhabitants. Thirty-one deaths were due to other Tubercular Diseases. In June, 1902, arrangements were made for the voluntary notification of Consumption, the sum of 2s. 6d. being paid for each case notified. |
36432dd3-cf28-4935-a07e-a75866a73a10 | The result has been unsatisfactory, and five notifications only were received during the year. Even partial information is of some value, and it is hoped that in time the public will appreciate the fact that it is a preventable disease, and that the medical practitioner will not be subjected to odium when he notifies. On the receipt of a notification, inquiries were made and instructions given as to the management of the infective material, &c. The Council also recognised that, as in the early 20 stages the disease is curable, arrangements should be made for the treatment of the patients at a Sanatorium. In July, 1905, an agreement was entered into between the Council and the Managers of the Mount Vernon Sanatorium, whereby the Council contributes towards the maintenance of three beds. Five patients were admitted into the Sanatorium during the year. INFANTILE MORTALITY. The mode of calculating the Infantile Mortality demands a word of explanation. |
4db2956d-5bba-4101-902c-9931a2b053ed | The method usually adopted, and followed here, is to calculate out the ratio of deaths of infants under one year to the actual number of births during the year under consideration. Under certain conditions, a more accurate plan would be to calculate the ratio of deaths in the current year to the number of births in the latter half of the preceding year and the former half of the current year. To work out the infantile mortality as the ratio of deaths under twelve months to the total number of deaths registered, would be misleading and unfair to those districts that have a high birth rate. There were 172 deaths of infants under one year of age— 162 deaths were registered in the district and 10 occurred in public institutions beyond the district. The 172 deaths correspond to an infantile mortality of 112 per 1,000 births. |
d77fe6b4-12a5-4bde-ad78-c7782e8ccb57 | In 1905, the infantile mortality in England and Wales was 128 per 1,000; in the 76 large towns it was 140 per 1,000, and in the 141 smaller towns it was 132 per 1,000. With the exception of 1903, the infantile mortality of 1905 is the lowest recorded in the district, and it is 30 per cent. below the average rate for the ten years 1895-1904. The death rate has diminished most markedly in the later age periods. On Table 5 are given the deaths from stated causes, in weeks and months, under one year of age. An examination of that table 21 affords convincing proof that the term Infantile Mortality is not synonymous with Improper Feeding. |
792ca07c-22de-4fdb-ab71-9c4773bcbff1 | There is no intention to minimise the important part which ignorance and carelessness in the feeding of infants play in producing a high death rate ; and it is a significant fact, that of the 30 deaths from Diarrhœal diseases which were inquired into, not one of the children was entirely breast fed; but it is getting more and more patent that a purer milk supply and a juster appreciation of the principles of infant feeding will not completely solve the question of Infantile Mortality. There has been an improvement between the ages of three and twelve months, but the death rate amongst children under three months has been stationary, or, if anything, it has advanced. The Chairman of the Health Committee recently called attention to this matter, and pointed out that one-third of the deaths of infants under one year of age occurred before the birth of the child was made known to the Sanitary Authority. It is true that, under existing conditions, the causes of some of these deaths are beyond the control of any Sanitary Authority. |
120b09c4-b518-4f04-98ec-48ae5e23d407 | Thirty-three deaths were due to congenital causes; and until some means be devised whereby attention can be directed to the Hygiene of Pregnancy, this sacrifice of life will continue. Possibly, Acton is peculiarly situated in this respect. A large number of married females are employed in the local industries, and it is more than probable that work which necessitates standing, and continued far into pregnancy, does tend to produce an abnormal percentage of premature children. But, this aspect of female labour, after all, is only a symptom ; the cause lies deeper, and presents one of the most difficult of social problems. 22 INQUESTS. Thirty deaths were certified by the Coroner. A Coroner's jury, as a rule, consider death under two main aspects. They distinguish deaths by disease from deaths as the result of violence or negligence. Under the former head 13 deaths occurred. By far the largest number of deaths from violence was due to suicide. |
8a608ac2-9a18-492b-9a21-bc9f48feafb1 | No fewer than 8 persons committed suicide during the year, which is exactly double the number for 1904. Two deaths from overlaying occurred ; and, as usual with this kind of accident, one occurred on a Saturday night and the other on a Sunday night. ISOLATION HOSPITAL. The Isolation Hospital is situated in Wales Farm Road, and was opened for the reception of patients on January 18th, 1905. The question of providing an Isolation Hospital had been discussed for years, and the first application to the Local Government Board in connection with it was on February 21st, 1901. The Council had negotiated with the Goldsmith Company for the purchase of the Friars Estates as a site for the Isolation Hospital. The price agreed on for the whole area was £13,400, and of this the sum allocated for the site of the Hospital was £5,000. |
7b4445f1-b737-4f7e-a123-75d735d0ed23 | On the estate was a dwelling-house, and this building was transformed and utilised as an administrative block. The inquiry by the Local Government Board was held on May 20th, 1901, but for some unaccountable reason the sanction was not obtained until January 17th, 1902. The application for the money to erect the Hospital buildings was made on June 2nd, 1902, the inquiry was held on November 6th, and the sanction obtained on December 24th, 1902. 23 The amount originally borrowed for this purpose was £9,900; but application for an additional sum of £3,350 was made on August 30th, 1903, and the sanction obtained on February 6th, 1904. The sum of £2,123 Is. |
be58470c-dcf4-46df-b4fc-5b4a1051b509 | was required for the Disinfecting Station, Mortuary, Electric Lighting, and the laying-out of the grounds, and sanction was obtained for this expenditure on November 23rd, 1904. During the year 1905, 142 patients were admitted. Eight deaths occurred, 124 were discharged, and 10 remained under treatment on January 1st, 1906. Diphtheria— Thirty-six cases of Diphtheria were treated at the Hospital, with 2 deaths. This corresponds to a fatality of 5.2 per cent., compared with 16.6 per cent. amongst the children treated at their own houses. Tracheotomy was performed in two instances, and one of the patients died. Thirty-four of the patients were treated with anti-toxin. Enteric Fever— Four cases of Enteric Fever were removed, with 3 deaths. Scarlet Fever— One hundred and two cases of Scarlet Fever were admitted, with 2 deaths. |
7d04d942-83a7-48a1-8097-2056d059fa39 | 24 Table 1. VITAL STATISTICS OF WHOLE DISTRICT DURING 1905, AND PREVIOUS YEARS. Year. Population estimated to Middle of each Year. Births. Total Deaths Registered in the District. Total Deaths in Public Institutions in the District. Deaths of Non-residents Registered in Public Institutions in the District. Deaths of Residents Registered in Public Institutions beyond the District. Nett Deaths at all Ages belonging to the District. No. Rate* Under 1 Year of Age. At all Ages. No. Rate per 1,000 Births registered. No. Rale* No. Rate* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1895 29,236 874 30 147 168 445 15.2 33 478 16.3 1896 30,564 894 29. |
e324bf90-d9da-478e-bf34-6ca19b13ddb4 | 2 151 170 435 14.2 29 464 15.1 1897 31,952 973 30.4 193 198 470 14.7 33 503 15.8 1898 33,404 995 29.8 181 182 507 15.2 10 517 15.5 1899 34,901 1,068 30.6 200 187 509 14,6 1900 36,508 1,080 29.5 182 168 528 14.4 15 1901 38,373 1,211 31.5 206 170 519 13.5 6 1902 41,000 1,242 30.3 186 150 593 14.4 12 1903 43,802 1,422 32.4 150 105 430 9. |
a38602e8-d085-4a89-95be-345803c450cf | 8 8 1904 46,780 1,450 30. 207 143 576 12.3 9 Average for yrs.1895-1904. 366,529 1,1209 30.6 1,803 161 5,012 13.7 1905 50,000 1,527 30.5 162 106 537 10.7 27 1 92 628 12.5 * Rates in Columns 4, 8, and 13 calculated per 1,000 of estimated population. Total population as per Census, 1901.—All ages, 37,744. Number of inhabited houses, 6,114. Average Number of persons per house, 6.1. Area of District in acres (exclusive of area covered by water), 2,304. 25 I. Institutions within the District receiving sick and infirm persons from outside the District. II. |
44a80f5d-0703-4785-aa07-de402d7f352e | Institutions outside the District receiving sick and infirm persons from the District. III. Other Institutions, the deaths in which have been distributed among the several localities in the3 District. Cottage Hospital Isleworth Infirmary Wandsworth Asylum Mount Vernon Hospital West London Hospital St. Gdeorge's Hospital Great Ormonde Street Children's Hospital St. Mary's Hospital St. Mary's Hospital St. Thomas' Hospital Guy's Hospital University College Hospital Brompton Hospital Homœpathic Hospital Cancer Hospital Kensington Infirmary Hackney Infirmary Bethnal House Asylum Colney Hatch Asylum Table 2. VITAL STATISTICS OF SEPARATE LOCALITIES IN 1905. ACTON. Population estimated to middle of year 50,000 Births registered 1,527 Deaths at all ages 536 Deaths under 1 year 162 North Ward. |
1fc4e942-ac39-43cd-ab8b-7711dbff6798 | Population estimated to middle of year 15,000 Deaths at all ages 139 Deaths under 1 year 27 East Ward. Population estimated to middle of year 19,000 Deaths at all ages 184 Deaths under 1 year 60 West Ward. Population estimated to middle of year 16,000 Deaths at all ages 213 Deaths under 1 year 75 26 Table 3. CASES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE NOTIFIED DURING THE YEAR 1905. Notifiable Disease. Cases notified in whole District. Total Cases notified in each locality. Number of Cases removed to Hospital from each locality. At all Ages. At Ages—Years. North. East. West. North. East. West. Under 1. 1 to 5. 5 to 15. 15 to 25. 25 to 65. 65 and upwards Small-pox 1 1 1 1 Cholera |
14567106-892f-4b6d-a70c-79a2b2ff2313 | Diphtheria 49 16 26 1 6 29 10 10 24 6 7 Membranous Croup 2 2 2 2 Erysipelas 28 1 3 1 20 3 10 14 4 Scarlet Fever 137 2 37 81 11 6 32 50 55 25 42 41 Typhus Fever Enteric Fever 12 1 5 6 4 6 2 3 2 Relapsing Fever Continued Fever Puerperal Fever 3 3 3 Plague Chicken Pox 177 22 64 83 8 38 64 75 Phthisis 5 2 3 1 1 3 Totals 414 25 119 195 28 44 3 117 148 149 52 51 50 27 Table 4. |
a90dec67-ae6a-4ccb-89d7-e10e58d112f8 | CAUSES OF, AND AGES AT, DEATH DURING YEAR 1905. Causes of Death. Deaths at the Subjoined Ages of "Residents," whether occurring in or beyond the District. Deaths at all Ages of "Residents " belonging to Localities, whether occurring in or beyond the District. Total Deaths whether of Residents or Non '' Residents" in Public Institutions in the District. All Ages. Under 1 year. 1 and under 5. 5 and under 15. 15 and under 25. 25 and under 65. 65 and upwards. North Ward. East Ward. West Ward. Small-pox Measles 4 2 2 1 1 2 Scarlet Fever 2 1 1 2 2 Whooping Cough 10 6 3 1 2 1 3 Diphtheria and Membranous Croup 4 3 1 2 1 1 2 |