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84ab1c6f-c36b-4c63-856a-810e7bfc3fe4 | In the writer s opinion this problem of possible rickets, which has far reaching bearings on our community life—on our stature, trunk development, respiratory capacity, and therefore, surely, on our crude physical power—on our ease and grace of movement and, therefore, our skill in athletic sports—on the deaths of mothers or infants in difficult labour—not to mention possible effects in increased liability to infection in the first year or two of life—will not be solved until in some suitable mixed community, and, on a large scale, not only doubtful cases, but, for control purposes, all children of a certain period of life, are submitted to the test of X-ray and biochemical findings correlated with clinical observation. |
6d06ca37-d31b-43a3-9563-755577431e74 | Until this happens we are all working in the dark, perhaps missing something important or perhaps going out on lost trails ; but whoever has the courage to arrange to finance such a scheme of routine examination of children in the susceptible years will be improving the point of welfare work, whether it means that some of our present efforts can be relaxed or whether we shall be called on to refocus or intensify our measures to safeguard nutrition at an earlier age or in some other way than at present. Only a few years ago (1933) we were frank enough to admit in this report that we suspected the presence of (past) rickets in about 34 per cent. of cases, in addition to the 30 per cent. we put down as definitely rachitic. |
e8826921-baa1-4bf6-8737-736c28f81565 | These figures 45 are not extraordinary or exaggerated compared with figures published in other places* where an attempt has been made to assess the incidence of the disease, which show also that the risks are not confined to England, although on the Continent rickets is known, somewhat unpleasantly, as " the English disease." But if they are in any way correct, whatever the actual powers of the exrachitic patient in the adult period of life, it would seem it might be advantageous and a public economy to run the problem further to earth and really get at the base of rickets (or of rickety appearances) and their more certain cure. One must not forget that with the precautions taken according to our present state of knowledge, no child in this Borough attending a Welfare Centre regularly has any right to develop true rickets. Dental caries we have discussed before in the same connection since there is at least some evidence that it may be led up to by poor quality teeth, such as are encountered frequently in rickets. |
540618ff-1214-475b-9523-a2cbfeede563 | This year the figure for dental caries again shows 20 per cent. of the total children affected, and 57 per cent, of those showing caries at the age of 2 years already having four or more teeth affected (exactly as last year) and 36 per cent. ditto at the age of 3 years. Since at the age of 2, many children have not even cut their full first set of 20, it is obvious that physiological growth can hardly keep pace with pathology here, and that dental treatment is never going to solve the problem. Like rickets, it remains something we do not know about yet, at bottom—that resists our methods of prevention ; that awaits real, practical exploration still in the human patient, and that apparently needs earlier and different methods of prophylaxis if improvement is to be attained. |
848a5fd7-15c3-4a3f-8b30-627ddfb61759 | These are some of the problems that in spite of the excellent showing of our records in certain respects, and the steady gratifying progress of the children towards greater apparent general well-being, remain with us to whet our appetites and our interest for further endeavours to get a child population that by comparison with others, at home or outside England, is beyond reproach. In Woolwich we are not without the means to do this, given the necessary reinforcements in knowledge and in our medical understanding. References. (1) Germany. Schmol of Dresden found unmistakable evidence of past rickets in 89 per cent. of children submitted to post-mortem examination between the years of 1901 and 1908. (2) Ferguson and Findlay (Medical Research Special Report No. 70, 1917) found well over 50 per cent. Glasgow children with definite signs of having had rickets." W United, States. |
66eec18f-2323-4e23-8ff6-bba7b0058abb | Eliot (Newhaven) in 1925 found X-ray evidence suggesting an incidence of 90-96 per cent. rickets in a series of children of native American and mixed European stocks that were examined. (4) England. McGonigle in 1923 found 83 per cent. of 2,676 County Durhan school children with definite rachitic signs plus 11 per cent. " query rickets." (5) England. Of 1,638 London five year old school children examined under auspices of London ounty Council at the request of the Board of Education Committee, 87.5 per cent. found to how rickety stigmata. 46 Provision of Maternity Outfits.—In 1930 the Council agreed to supply sterilised maternity outfits for the use of necessitous mothers in order to ensure the necessary cleanliness in domestic midwifery and with a view to minimising the risks of maternity. |
352ebe2c-1048-4338-b269-8ea40826f2a6 | They are supplied free, half cost, or cost price, according to the family income, the Council's economic circumstances scales being used as tests of necessity. During the year 83 applications were received : 86 were supplied—60 free, 10 at half cost, and 16 at cost price. Compensation to Midwives.—Whenever an assistant medical officer finds it necessary to recommend hospital treatment for expectant mothers referred to the Council s ante-natal clinics for ante-natal examination by midwives, the midwife loses her patient if the mother accepts the advice of the medical officer and is admitted to hospital. In these cases the Council make a payment of 10s. by way of compensation to the midwife subject to certain conditions, which were given in detail in my Annual Report for 1931, being complied with. During the year compensation was paid in eight instances. Payment of Midwives' Fees.—Payments to midwives, not exceeding 25s. |
54bf1cc9-c145-44d6-a2dc-a66934b50ded | in respect of any one confinement are guaranteed where this course is necessary or desirable. Two such payments were made during the year. Administration of the Public Health (Puerperal Fever and Puerperal Pyrexia) Regulations, 1926.—The Council's Scheme for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions provides for the services of a consultant—Mr. H. G. Taylor, F.R.C.S.—for the provision of nursing assistance, for hospital treatment in the County Council's hospitals, and for bacteriological examination where necessary. The extent to which it has been made use of has been reported on in that part of the infectious diseases section of the Report which deals with the notification of these diseases. Obstetric Complications in Private Practice.—In September, 1931, the Council arranged for the services of Mr. |
d6d488e8-bf1d-45c3-ba81-9c1e119a1ee9 | H. G. Taylor, F.R.C.S., the Council's Consultant under the Puerperal Fever and Puerperal Pyrexia Regulations, to be available in such exceptional cases, and to pay him a fee of £5 5s. Od. for each case. No case was dealt with in this way during the year. Home Helps.—The Council's Home Help Scheme was started in 1929 and in seven years the number of Home Helps supplied each year increased from 1 to 80. In view of the experience which had been gained from the working of the Scheme, it was reviewed and subsequently enlarged to include the provision of home helps (a) where the mother is confined in hospital; (b) where the mother is suffering from a complication which necessitates lying up in bed for a period ; and (c) where a miscarriage occurs if there has been attendance at a welfare centre and proper arrangements have been made for the confinement. |
63b9b2b8-8d34-4e81-bd91-5bbde712339d | At the same time the scale of assessment for the supply of home helps was revised and is now as follows :—(a) in the case of those within the Council's economic circumstances scale, the amount to be paid foi 47 the fortnight is 25 per cent, of the nett weekly income per head, calculated to the nearest sixpence, after deduction of rent only and with a minimum payment of 2s. ; (6) in the case of those within the half-cost scale, the amount for the fortnight is 75 per cent, of the nett. income per head per week, calculated to the nearest sixpence, after deduction of rent only, and (c) in the case of those above the scale each application is considered on its merits, due regard being had to what has been said before. In 1936 there were 111 applications and 90 home helps were provided. The total cost of the service was £370 6s. Od. |
902b6e69-9154-4555-a02d-05fd7a08687d | Boarding-out of Children.—While reviewing the Home Help Scheme the Council considered the possibility of providing assistance for expectant mothers in another way and decided in suitable circumstances to make arrangements for children to be boarded-out during the mother's lying-in period. This Scheme was adopted in September as an alternative to the Home Help Scheme. No cases were boarded-out during the year. Treatment of Minor Ailments.—Children requiring medical or surgical treatment for certain minor ailments are referred to the School Clinics at Brewer Street, Woolwich ; or at the Eltham and Plumstead Health Centres ; to private practitioners, or to hospitals. During the year, 316 children were sent to these clinics, and for each case the Council paid 5s. Od. Spectacles have been provided under this scheme at an additional cost to the Council. |
71f49464-d830-4774-b8a4-2eefb99f9f24 | Dental Treatment.—Mothers and children requiring dental treatment are referred from the Welfare Centres to the School Clinics at Brewer Street, Woolwich, at Westhorne Avenue, Eltham, and at Plumstead High Street. This service which had been established at Woolwich for many years, was extended to Eltham in 1932 and to Plumstead in 1933. There are three sessions per month at Woolwich, two per month at Plumstead, and two per month at Eltham. It was decided in October to provide as soon as possible weekly sessions at Plumstead and Eltham. The following Table No. 15 shows the cases attending, and the total attendances during the year. The number of sessions was 95, including anaesthetic days. TABLE No. 14. Brewer Street. Eltham. Plumstead. |
79391ac6-12e9-4e8b-b19a-99e28c4f7546 | Impetigo 5 34 9 Ear Discharge 21 26 28 Eyes 32 60 24 Miscellaneous 12 50 15 70 170 76 48 TABLE No. 15. Expectant Mothers. Nursing Mothers. Children under 5. No. Attendances. No. Attendances. No. Attendances. Woolwich.. 137 254 40 87 62 64 Eltham — — — 153 262 Plumstead — — — — 112 218 137 254 40 87 327 544 Dentures are provided free, at part cost, or at cost price, according to the ability to pay, and payment is spread over many weeks. In consequence, the income received during the year includes money received in respect of dentures supplied in previous years. |
0060fe04-b2d9-4e80-a489-82eaf4bc5507 | Forty-eight sets (complete or partial) of artificial teeth were supplied during the year at a total cost of £198 13s. 6d. Payments by mothers amounted to £75 7s. 6d. Orthopaedic Treatment for Children under Five Years of Age.— Children requiring orthopaedic treatment are referred to the remedial clinic of the Woolwich Invalid Children's Aid Association. The Council pay for children under five years of age sent by their medical officers to the clinic, 2s. Od. per attendance for cases requiring massage or electrical treatment and Is. 6d. per attendance for any other form of treatment. The cost of these services for the year was £178 5s. Od. Only cases recommended by the Medical Officer of Health are included in this scheme, and payment is only made for the number of attendances approved by him. |
8cf87da8-a964-4e95-a425-264e7a3874a7 | Excluding 87 children where wedges only were necessary and 51 others where temporary splinting only was required, the children referred to the clinic required treatment for following conditions set out under tabulated headings in Table No. 16. All children referred to this clinic are carefully " followed up either by the Voluntary Visitors of the Association or by the Council's Health Visitors. The Woolwich Invalid Children's Aid Association's main clinic is in Thomas Street, Woolwich, but arrangmeents have been made for the treatment of Eltham children on two half days a week at Christehurch Church Hall, Eltham High Street. The Association found, just as the Council did in the case of the artificial sunlight clinic, that the matter of attendances of Eltham children was a very difficult problem for Eltham mothers. The arrangement is a temporary one. |
d85bdd97-936f-4bc8-9c0e-bdd607b4a6a0 | The Maternity and Child Welfare Committee have accepted in principle the establishment of a municipal orthopaedic clinic at Eltham to be housed in the same building as the proposed artificial sunlight clinic. 49 TABLE No. 16. Cases Treated at Orthopaedic Clinic, 1936. Type of Case. Number remaining over from 1935. New Cases. Total Cases. Number who completed treatment by end of year. Number with treatment not completed. |
708acfb0-abf8-407e-ab85-09e776c88685 | Talipes (Club Foot) 4 11 15 13 2 Talipes (Flat Foot) — 5 5 3 2 Rickets— General 3 10 13 11 2 Genu Valgum (Knock Knee) 8 35 43 36 7 Genu Varum (Bow Leg) 4 45 49 43 6 Infantile Paralysis 1 1 2 — 2 Erb's Paralysis — 1 1 — 1 Bad Posture — 6 6 6 — Muscular Weakness 2 16 18 14 4 Mouth Breathing 2 3 5 5 — Torticollis 4 12 16 14 2 Other Deformities — 3 3 3 — Other Diseases 3 3 6 6 — 31 151 182 154 28 Provision of Nursing Assistance.—In Section I of the Report, |
99f607b2-08b9-4f1d-a9a3-9cad0167b61d | the general scheme of nursing assistance is described in full. The extent to which this service has been made use of in respect of specific diseases is fully reported on in the appropriate portions of the Infectious Diseases' Section of the Report. In addition grants were made to the nursing associations in respect of 37 children treated for threadworms at one shilling per visit, amounting in all to £17 10s. Od. Children's Beds.—Twelve beds have been reserved by the Council in the Woolwich War Memorial Hospital for the treatment of children under 5 years of age suffering from such conditions as are usually admitted to general or children's hospitals. Including those remaining in hospital at the beginning of the year, the number of children who received treatment during the year was 188. Of these, 155 were discharged cured or very much improved in health, 16 were discharged as improved, and 3 died. |
b32657d7-e9a3-49f2-81aa-c0e133dd3079 | Three children were transferred to other hospitals, eight others were discharged showing no improvement, and the number remaining in hospital at the end of the year was 3. The surgical conditions for which these children were 50 admitted included :—enlarged tonsils and adenoids, phimosis, hernia, injury, pyloric stenosis, hare lip, abscess, fracture, etc., and those admitted for medical treatment included children suffering from prematurity, malnutrition, pneumonia, bronchitis, diarrhoea, vomiting, enuresis, dermatitis, etc. Some children were admitted for observation. Institutional Midwifery.—(1) British Hospital for Mothers and Babies.— There are 44 beds in this hospital, and I am informed by Miss Gregory, the Secretary of the Hospital, that 842 babies were born during the year, and 165 mothers were admitted for ante-natal or emergency treatment. |
80f4ca67-099d-4d55-8dc3-5b57c41387a6 | At the ante-natal clinics in connection with this hospital, 9,525 attendances were made, and at the infant clinics, 3,070 attendances. In addition there were 180 extern cases. The number of mothers admitted under the Council's scheme was 139, the nett cost to the Council being £955 18s. 6d. (2) War Memorial Hospital.—There are 8 maternity beds in this general hospital, and I am indebted to Mr. R. S. G. Hutchings, the Secretary, for the following information regarding the admissions to the maternity unit during the year. The number of children born in the hospital was 211, and 34 mothers were admitted for antenatal or emergency treatment. The number of attendances at the ante-natal clinics was 1,811. The number of mothers admitted under the Council's scheme was 70, the nett cost to the Council being £439 19s. Od. |
d11485c6-80a7-49c1-9b5c-885dcc3843bb | Ante-Natal Treatment and Emergencies.—The number of cases admitted for ante-natal or emergency treatment under the Council's scheme was 6. The reasons for admission were —Albuminuria, 2 ; Pyelitis, 2 ; Rheumatoid Arthritis, 1 ; Toxaemia of Pregnancy, 1. Convalescent Home Treatment for Children under 5 Years of Age.— The necessary arrangements for this are made by the Woolwich Invalid Children's Aid Association, to whom the Council give grants-in-aid for this purpose. During the year, such grants were made in respect of 70 children, the total cost of whose convalescent treatment amounted to £490 9s. 3d. The Council's grants amounted to £200. The children were sent away for periods varying from 4 to 16 weeks, and payment was only made in respect of children sent to homes approved by the Medical Officer of Health. |
1977f88d-4645-4d52-b3e1-198611ce766c | Convalescent Home Treatment for Expectant and Nursing Mothers.— In June, 1931, the Council decided to make provision under their maternity and child welfare scheme for the convalescent treatment of expectant and nursing mothers. The scheme includes payment of railway fares where necessary. It was resolved also to recover some of the cost from patients after consideration of each case on its merits. During the year 3 mothers were so admitted to convalescent homes. Supply of Milk, etc., to Necessitous Mothers and Children.—Under the provisions of the Maternity and Child Welfare Act, 1918, milk, etc., is provided by 51 the Council for necessitous expectant and nursing mothers but modified in accordance with the discretion given to the Council in Circular No. 1U72 of 1930, and children under the age of five years, under the conditions laid down in Circular 185, issued by the Ministry of Health in March, 1921. |
517bbe57-8ec2-4537-8e11-8ca252397274 | The approximate cost of these services during the year was as follows :— Dried milk, £1,648 16s. Od. ; Fresh milk, £3 7s. 4d. ; Dinners, Nil. In 1934 the Council agreed to co-operate with the London County Council with regard to the supply of extra nourishment to maternity cases where domiciliary relief was being granted by the County Council. The scheme was subsequently enlarged to include delicate children whose parents were in receipt of out-relief. At the end of the year it was estimated that the amount due from the London County Council in respect of extra nourishment was £247, compared with £433 in the previous year. Blind Persons Act, 1920.—The Council, at the request of the London County Council, have arranged that home visiting of blind children under five years of age should be carried out by the Council's health visitors. |
464df7e5-c8ee-4b88-a37c-85462e14eec9 | Reports are furnished to the County Council, as the occasion arises, when the home conditions are unsuitable for blind children or it is advisable that the child should be admitted to a suitable institution. During the year no new cases came to the knowledge of the department. Widows', Orphans' and Old Age Contributory Pensions Act, 1925.—The local authority may, in case of desertion of a child who is an orphan, administer the payments on behalf of the child. No case under the provisions of this Act was dealt with during the year. 52 SECTION IV. SANITARY ADMINISTRATION. Staff.—At the end of the year there were on the staff of the Sanitary Section of the Department, one Chief Inspector, twelve male inspectors, one woman inspector, three temporary inspectors, and three part-time women inspectors. |
3fb75bc0-b996-4d18-8b24-a59230dc1f6a | Six male inspectors were engaged wholly on district work, one mainly on district work but partly on duties in connection with the sale of poisons by listed sellers, two wholly on food inspection, one on inspection of shops and food premises, one in charge of disinfection and disinfestation, and one on special housing work. The three part-time women inspectors were engaged partly on health visiting and partly on sanitary inspection, and the woman inspector in general sanitary inspection. Three temporary inspectors were engaged on district work from August onwards, in order that the regular inspectors might supervise the measuring, by temporary assistants, of houses throughout the Borough, rendered necessary by the provisions of the Housing Act of 1935. Water Supply.—The Metropolitan Water Board is responsible for the water supply of the Borough, and no complaints were received as to the quality of the water supply during the year. Drainage.—Practically every house in the Borough is connected with the water carriage system for the disposal of sewage. |
3c9a423d-a5c1-49fa-80b7-7904924fba81 | The exceptions are in the outlying parts of the Borough. The number of cesspools at the end of the year was 12, 5 of which were in Plumstead and 7 in Eltham. The inspection of new drainage and of extensive reconstruction of old systems is carried out by the Borough Engineer, but in all other cases alterations are supervised by the Sanitary Inspectors. During the year 47 complaints were received regarding the defective action of combined drains ; on investigation, 299 houses in all were found to be affected. In all systems, except 7, the obstruction was of a temporary character. In 18 instances choked interceptors were found. Costs recovered from the owners amounted to £4 17s. 5d. |
ca774761-74d0-4adc-9fd3-1c57d3fd2e53 | In the following 7 instances reconstruction was necessary : 83-89, Sand Street; 33-42, Taylor Street; 1-9, High Street, North Woolwich ; and 137-147, Albert Road ; 187-195, Plumstead High Street ; 33-43, Grasdene Road ; 137, Albert Road, and 7 High Street, North Woolwich ; and 31-43, Cantwell Road. After service of the necessary notices and on receipt of the consents of the owners, the work was carried out by the Works 53 Department of the Council, the costs being paid by the owners in their proper proportions. One single private drain was cleared at the request of the owner, from whom the costs, amounting to 5s. were recovered. Removal and Disposal of Refuse.—House refuse is collected and disposed of by direct labour under the control of the Works Department of the Council. |
042d3f97-7a5b-444b-92a3-2351617e10cd | Collection is made once weekly, with the exception of a small central area, where a twice-weekly collection is made. All refuse is disposed of by burning at the Council's destructor at White Hart Road, Plumstead. Offensive trade refuse is removed by contractors, who make their own arrangements with the shopkeepers as to the time and day of removal. The contractors provide airtight receptacles of a type approved by your Medical Officer of Health, the number of these supplied varying according to the individual requirements of the shopkeepers. The minimum charge for the removal of these tins is Is. per week. Inoffensive trade refuse is removed by the Works Department at a charge of 5s. per load, and 2,476 tons of such refuse were removed. Complaints.—During the year 3,397 complaints of nuisances were made to the Health Department or to the Sanitary Inspectors on the district, and all these were investigated by the Sanitary Inspectors. |
3fb58646-f23e-4fd2-b6e9-95613286386e | After investigation the necessary notices for the remedy or abatement of the defects or nuisances discovered were served upon the owners or other persons responsible. Sanitary Inspection of the Area.—A summary of the inspections carried out by the Sanitary Inspectors will be found in Table No. 17. In connection therewith the numbers of intimation and statutory notices served were 1,833 and 395 respectively. The statutory notices related to 327 premises, and included 333 general, 22 ashpit, 10 water-closet, and 30 paving notices. In addition to these notices under the Public Health (London) Act, 16 notices were served under the London County Council (General Powers) Acts and under By-laws, and one under the Rats and Mice (Destruction) Act, 1919. In 48 instances, where owners did not comply with the statutory notices, the Town Clerk was asked to institute proceedings. |
4b36cd45-aef9-440a-9306-067642c7aaa2 | It was only necessary, however, to issue summonses in three instances, as in all the other cases the necessary steps were taken on receipt of a letter from him. 54 In Table No. 18 will be found a summary of the nuisances abated and defects remedied. TABLE No. 17. Inspections. Housing Survey — Houses Drains Tested by Smoke Test 395 Inspected 384 Drains Tested by Water Test 38 Clearance Areas — Houses New Houses 1,979 Surveyed 357 Tents and Vans 28 Complaints Investigated 3,397 Factories 353 Outworkers' Premises 130 Workshops 169 Houses Let in Lodgings 237 Workplaces 114 Houses re Infectious Disease 1,110 Shops Act, 1934 1,612 Houses re Smallpox Contacts 1 Theatres and Cinemas 23 Houses re Verminous Cases 8, |
993a0359-05d6-4d3e-b59e-b8521c9c497e | 769 Rag and Bone Premises 18 Houses re Scabies Cases 127 Urinals Accessible to the Public 238 Houses re Other Diseases 53 Women's Lavatories 64 Common Lodging Houses 38 Smoke Observations 37 Underground Rooms Illegally Special Inspections re Rats 312 Occupied 2 Miscellaneous 1,470 Drainage Inspections 1,706 Re-Inspections 6,020 TABLE No. 18. Nuisances Abated. |
170032d5-24fd-4fb1-b8ef-7aa9b2b78391 | Cleansing— Verminous Conditions— Interiors Cleansed 759 Rooms Cleansed 1,256 Rooms Cleansed 1,387 Defective Lighting— Damp Conditions— Windows Repaired 144 Walls 824 ,, Enlarged — Sites 24 ,, Additional 1 Roofs 551 Other Means 2 Rain Water Pipes and Gutters 278 Defective Ventilation— Others 24 Windows Rendered Usable 260 Dilapidations— ,, Additional Provided — Walls 744 Other Means 4 Ceilings 560 Defective Paving— Floors and Hearths 164 Yards Re-paved 116 Coppers 82 ,, Repaired 102 Stoves 168 Scullery Floors Re-paved or 39 Others 36 Repaired 55 TABLE No. 18—continued. |
a485c5e6-a8e1-47ec-9971-f7c9971da169 | House Drains— Underground Rooms Closed — Defective Drains Repaired 220 Water Supply— Choked Drains Cleared 403 Additional 13 Vent Pipes Repaired 23 Reinstated 22 Soil Pipes Repaired 6 Cisterns Cleansed — Gullies Fixed 55 , Covered 2 New Drainage 10 , Removed 1 Rain Water Tanks Repaired — Foul Accumulations— , , , Abolished 2 Manure Removed 4 Sinks Repaired or Provided 214 Offensive Accumulations Wastes Cleansed 37 Removed 24 Wastes Trapped or Repaired 293 Back Yards Cleansed 23 Water Closets— Dung Pits Provided — Flushing Apparatus Repaired 128 Rats— , , Renewed 43 Drains Repaired in Consequence 30 New Pans 239 Premises Rat-Proofed 15 New Traps 234 Other Effective Measures . |
a252ebde-8ece-4856-85f7-53de3506da74 | 18 Foul Pans Cleansed by Owner 18 Rag and Bone Premises Occupier 15 Premises Cleansed 1 Additional W.C.s Provided 7 Rainproof Premises Provided — Doors and Fastenings Vermin-proof Conditions Remedied 45 vided — Dust Bins Provided 358 Miscellaneous 37 Shops Act, 1934.—The Council, in their capacity as sanitary authority have to enforce some of the provisions of this Act. The remainder of the Act is administered by the London County Council. The term " Shop " includes any premises where any retail trade or business is carried on, any wholesale shop and any warehouses kept for the purposes of trade by any person carrying on any retail trade or business, or by any wholesale dealer or merchant. This definition was extended by the Shops Act, 1936, to include the business of lending books or periodicals when carried on for purposes of gain. |
26d4163b-e617-4f96-998e-44d838f4c499 | The Council have delegated all their powers, except the appointment of inspectors, to the Public Health Committee. The provisions, with the enforcement of which this Council are charged, are those which deal with ventilation, heating, and the provision of sanitary conveniences, and the Medical Officer of Health and all the Sanitary Inspectors have been appointed inspectors for this purpose. The problem of providing separate sanitary accommodation in small shops employing a mixed staff was considered by the Public Health Committee, and it was decided that in those shops where members of both sexes are employed, separate sanitary conveniences for each sex will be required if the number of employees 56 exceeds four. If the number is four, or less than four, one sanitary convenience will be regarded as suitable and sufficient provided that the door of such convenience is fixed with an appropriate lock or fastener on the internal side and with an automatic indicator showing on the external side of the door whether the apartment is engaged or vacant. |
06d9795b-1c80-4cdf-aa67-6382103b8375 | The number of Exemption Certificates issued in cases of shops where, owing to restricted accommodation or other special circumstances, a sanitary convenience could not be provided on the premises, was 14. In every case the alternative accommodation has been within 100 yards of the shop. Heating has been insisted upon in all closed shops, but the problem of heating wet fish, butchers and openfronted shops has not been solved. In the case of all closed shops means of ventilation other than the shop door has been insisted upon, and this has been met in the majority of cases by a movable fanlight over the door. The number of shops inspected during the year was 1,594, and 67 notices for offences under the Act were served. Sanitary accommodation was made suitable and sufficient in 34 cases, and suitable means of heating was provided in 14 cases. Smoke Abatement.—During the year 37 smoke observations were made on factory chimneys in the Borough. |
7b10d6dc-e9a4-4a8a-8f32-4da2c9c57748 | In 5 cases offences were committed and notices were served. In each case the nuisance was abated forthwith and no further action was taken. Public Baths and Washhouses.—There are three bathing establishments in the Borough, one at Plumstead, one at Woolwich, and a small one at North Woolwich. At Plumstead there is a First Class Swimming Bath (capacity 120,000 gallons); a Second Class Swimming Bath (capacity 80,000 gallons) ; 64 Slipper Baths, and a separate building for Turkish and Russian Vapour Baths. There is also a Public Washhouse. At Woolwich there is a First Class Swimming Bath (capacity 120,000 gallons) ; a Second Class Swimming Bath (capacity 90,000 gallons); and 60 Slipper Baths. At North Woolwich there are 22 Slipper Baths. Proposals for the establishment of swimming baths at Eltham were approved by the Council during the year. |
b6715284-1b30-45b7-ada1-14b513ce4f72 | An inquiry was held by the Minister of Health on the 9th October, 1936, and the matter was still under consideration at the end of the year. Through the courtesy of the Baths Superintendent I am able to say that the total number using the Swimming Baths during the year was 260,361 ; Turkish and Russian Vapour Baths, 12,339 ; Slipper Baths, 187,650 ; and the Public Washhouse, 16,095. Filtration plants have been installed at the Woolwich and Plumstead Baths, and the chemical and bacteriological content of the water is regularly examined by members of the Baths staff. There are two open-air swimming pools in the 57 Borough, one in Eltham Park and one in the Victoria Gardens, North Woolwich. These belong to the London County Council, and filtration plants have been installed at both. |
b0a98336-f2d9-4211-8afb-5dd2d7df6004 | There are also paddling pools in the Borough, one belonging to the Woolwich Borough Council on their Middle Park Estate, and one in Eaglesfield, belonging to the London County Council. There are no filtration plants at either of these. Eradication of Bed Bugs.—In the Circular dealing with the contents and arrangement of Annual Reports of Medical Officers of Health, this heading appears for the first time. The Ministry ask for information under the four heads as set out below :— 1. The number of (a) Council Houses, (b) Other Houses, (i.) Found to be infested, (ii.) Disinfested.—Such infestation as exists in Council houses is in houses occupied prior to the institution in 1934 of the Disinfestation Scheme. |
af6ec4b5-67a9-4ded-a4bd-649a6363e079 | Special visits are paid to the Council's houses (a) when a tenant gives notice that he intends to vacate the premises and before he does so; (b) when a tenant asks for a transfer to another Council house: and (c) at the request of the Estate Office, when the presence of bed-bugs is suspected. The number of such visits made during the year was 428. The number of Council houses found to be infested during the year was 104, and all of these were successfully disinfested. Houses other than those in Council ownership are found to be infested on house-to-house inspection, on inspection following investigation of a complaint, or on enquiry into the occurrence of infectious disease, and not infrequently an occupier asks for help in eradicating the bed-bug. |
87d83baf-d3ab-4b55-b79d-3002d42e59b9 | The number of such houses found to be infested during the year was 305, and the number in which the scheme of co-operation described in my Annual Report for 1932, between the Council and the landlord, was put into operation was 240. A further nineteen houses were known to be disinfested by owners. 2. The Methods Employed for Freeing Infested Houses from Bed-bugs.—The methods used by the Department during the year have varied:— (a) Sulphur dioxide, plus cleansing, as described in my Annual Reports for 1932 and 1933, was used in 221 houses, all of which, with the exception of 33, were in private ownership. In 194 instances this method of treatment was successful in one application. |
973c1324-3606-4f37-8716-cd97e1ef8fac | (b) Orthodichlorbenzene, the use of which in occupied houses was deprecated by the Ministry in a Circular dated 22nd May, was used on nine occasions in empty houses and on one occasion in an occupied house. It was only applied once on each occasion and was successful in each instance. (c) Cyanide (Zyklon B) was used for the disinfestation of 32 occupied houses in 17 blocks. It was also used in 22 new houses in 7 blocks, on the day the tenants 58 put their furniture into the houses. In each of these cases the occupiers of infested dwellings were accommodated for two nights in a block of empty houses on the Council's Estate, reserved for this purpose. The occupiers of the non-infested dwellings in the blocks were offered accommodation for one night, but allowed to return to their own dwellings the same evening if they so desired, as soon as the premises had been certified as safe. |
1954743f-2ea7-4cd2-bce0-a16bd0976002 | In no instance was any re-infestation discovered during the year. (d) In cases of light infestation, or where for any reason it was not practicable to seal off a room, other fumigants or contact sprays were used on 56 occasions, with three failures. (e) Experimentally 25 houses were disinfested with new fumigants, either by pseudo cumene, or by washed heavy naphtha. The technique for using these fumigants had to be worked out, and it can be said now that the work done promises well. The substances are non-toxic to humans. On every occasion, in each case, after one or more treatments, & successful result was finally obtained. In dealing with new substances it is necessary to find out how to use them. |
5bd839d2-c1b2-4009-a623-0bd6beb5e0ff | In these cases the method in use at the end of the year included the heating of the rooms by means of primus stoves to a temperature of over 65° F., the covering of the windows with brown paper to prevent loss of heat, and to darken the rooms, and the production of a saturated atmosphere at the elevated temperature. The rooms were left sealed up over night. Tf the results in the ensuing summer are as successful as these early experiments have been, it may be that a convenient method of eradicating the bed-bug in occupied houses has at last been found. (/) In addition to the above, 21 houses in Clearance Areas were disinfested with orthodichlorbenzene and 11 with other fumigants, before demolition. 3. |
ac31adcc-c20a-4b4b-aabd-180a30b94727 | The Methods Employed for Ensuring that the Belongings of Tenants are free from Vermin before Removal to Council Houses.—The Sanitary Inspector in charge of disinfestation inspects the furniture of all persons provisionally selected as tenants for the Council's houses, decides when disinfestation is necessary and makes the necessary arrangements. During the year he visited 709 houses in this connection. In all cases where vermin are found, the removal is carried out under the supervision of the Health Department, either in the Council's special pantechnicons, of which there are now two, or in hired vans. During the year 203 removals were carried out in this way, each vanload being disinfested with Zyklon B, at the Council's depot. Occasionally disinfestation is carried out after infested furniture has arrived in the new house, but this is only done when the number of removals at the week-end is greater than can be dealt with by vans. 59 4. |
725a89a8-1728-4cb1-a383-9b109b9db6cc | Whether the Work of Disinfestation is Carried out by the Local Authority or by a Contractor.—The work of disinfestation with hydrogen cyanide during the year was, in every instance, carried out by contractors, but at the end of the year arrangements were made for the training of the Council's own personnel in the use of Zyklon for this purpose, and from the beginning of 1937 it has been agreed that the work shall be done direct by the Council, so far as vans are concerned. At a later date, as soon as the necessary experience has been gained, the disinfestation of Council houses by this method will also be carried out direct by the Council as is all other disinfestation. A further question in my judgment might with advantage have been added namely, whether there is supervision of premises after disinfestation and if so, to what extent. To my mind this is as important as the actual disinfestation. |
284139b5-0d92-4b61-b5cd-863b9b8e824d | Education as to the way the bed-bug is spread is important particularly amongst those members of the public who regard it as an inevitable accompaniment of a working class dwelling. Even now, after five years' intensive work here against the bed-bug, there is too much exchange of bedding and cot furniture between neighbours and friends; too much thoughtless purchase of infested second-hand furniture from neighbours and dealers; and a too sympathetic readiness to buy infested firewood from itinerant hawkers. Too often infested premises in private ownership are occupied after disinfestation by new tenants with infested belongings. In Woolwich all houses which are disinfested or where furniture is disinfested prior to the tenant's admission, are subject for a period of two years to periodicinspection by the Council's Women Sanitary Inspectors. In this way 615 houses dealt with in earlier years were inspected. Bugs were found in 1936 in 104 of those treated in 1935. |
fbd9dd24-8a9c-465d-b2dc-ddb267299451 | All of these were in private ownership and sulphur dioxide was the fumigant used in the great majority (88) of them. On the other hand, in not a single house in the Council's Estates from which the bed-bug had been eliminated did re-infestation occur. Each new tenant receives by post a copy of the Council's Health Services booklet which contains a short article on the bed-bug and how it spreads; the tenant of each infested house after disinfestation is given a reprint of this article, and an Inspector personally explains the precautions which must be taken if the house is to remain free from bugs. As in previous years, greatly appreciated assistance in skilled observation and scientific control of the processes used, has been given by officers of Government departments and specialists in this work. Factory and Workshop Act.—The following Table is in the form adopted by the Secretary of State to provide for uniformity throughout the country in the presentation of certain particulars of this work which lend themselves to statistical treatment. |
b8f0db2c-9211-4bae-baaa-b8baa1f98790 | 60 TABLE No. 19. Factories, Workshops and Workplaces. 1.—Inspection. Premises. (1) Number of Inspections. (2) Written Notices. (3) Occupiers. Prosecuted. (4) Factories (including Factory Laundries) 353 22 — Workshops (including Workshop Laundries) 169 13 — Workplaces (other than Outworkers' premises) 114 5 — Homeworkers' Premises 130 — — Total 766 40 — 2.—Defects Found. Particulars. (i) Number of Defects. Number of Prosecutions. (5) Found. (2) Remedied. (3) Referred to H.M. Inspector. |
74586bdd-8c3b-4c04-9cd6-5cab43d4df4a | (4) Nuisances under the Public Health Acts: Want of Cleanliness 80 80 — — Want of Ventilation 1 1 — — Overcrowding — — — — Want of Drainage of Floors 2 2 — — Other Nuisances — — — — Sanitary Accommodation Insufficient 4 4 — — Unsuitable or Defective 66 66 — — Not separate for Sexes — — — — Offences under the Factory and Workshop Acts:— Illegal Occupation of Underground Bakehouses (S. 101) — — — — Other Offences — — — — Total 153 153 — — 61 3.—Outwork in Unwholesome Premises : Section 108. Nature of Work. (1) Instances. (2) Notices Served. (3) Prosecutions. |
070e307d-0d3a-4aab-ad2a-ab8b593bf687 | (4) Making of Wearing Apparel — — — Making of Lamp Shades — — — Covering of racquet balls — — — The Rats and Mice (Destruction) Act, 1919.—Each district Inspector is the rats officer for his area, and investigates all complaints received. The total number of inspections made was 203. In 30 instances it was necessary to secure the repair of defective drains. Fifteen premises were made rat-proof, and other effective measures were taken in 18 instances. The number of statutory notices served under the Rats and Mice (Destruction) Act, 1919, was one. During the National Rat Week, held from 2nd—7th November, special measures were undertaken with the co-operation of the many large firms in the Borough, and the Borough Engineer. The number of baits laid in sewers in Woolwich and Plumstead was 8,820. |
de32569c-85fc-4501-b16b-949b49b32de8 | Fouling of Footways by Dogs.—In 1934 the Council made a By-law which was sanctioned by the Home Office to come into operation from the 1st January, 1935. In November, 1936, a communication was received from the Home Office suggesting that the Borough Council should cause notices to be exhibited in the streets drawing attention to the provisions of this By-law, and it was decided that notices as to the provisions of the By-law should be exhibited in various prominent places throughout the Borough. Nine summonses were issued during the year, particulars of which will be found in Table No. 22 at the end of the Section. Nuisance from Pigeons.—Under Section 121 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1936, a Borough Council is empowered to seize and destroy, sell or otherwise dispose of house-doves or pigeons in excessive numbers, if they appear to have no owner. |
768a9af6-4e22-437d-85fc-c750bc6e977b | It is necessary, however, in the first place, for the Council to obtain the consent to the measures adopted by them from the persons or body in whom the building or land, upon which the birds congregate, is vested. The powers of the Council under this Section have been delegated to the Health Committee. No action was taken during the year. Rag and Bone By-Laws.—One of the By-laws made by the London County Council prohibits the distribution or sale of any article of food or any balloon or other toy from any premises used for the business, or from any cart, barrow or other vehicle or receptacle used for the collection or disposal of rags and bones, etc., or in any other way connected with the business. 62 These By-laws do not appear to be wide enough. |
3c477853-7181-4b43-ae99-d30092816b49 | Numerous complaints have been received of persons giving children, in exchange for rags, etc., articles —for example, goldfish, which do not fall within the definition of "any article of food or balloon or any toy." A further difficulty has been experienced in tracing persons responsible. In recent years it has been noted that bills bearing no name and address have been distributed outside schools inviting school-children to supply old woollen articles and rags in exchange for toys. These bills were distributed by men who were not principals. They accepted rags and gave toys in exchange but, when challenged, did not disclose who their principals were. It has been suggested that it should be made obligatory for a rag and bone dealer to affix his name and address to any vehicle used by him in the conduct of his business. During the year representations were made to the London County Council that these matters should receive consideration. |
833e0232-3870-45d2-b696-c2827e78bf0c | The County Council in a letter expressed themselves sympathetic to these proposals so far as children under 14 years are concerned, and suggested that the Council should communicate these views to the Metropolitan Boroughs' Standing Joint Committee for consideration as the question is one which affects all boroughs. Three summonses were taken out during the year. The results of these proceedings will be found in Table No. 22. Rag Flock Act.—Six samples of rag flock were taken for analysis. Such material must comply with the Rag Flock Regulations, in which it is laid down that the soluble chlorine in the form of chlorides must not exceed 30 parts of chlorine in 100,000 parts of flock. All the samples complied with the Regulations, as the result of analyses show, the number of parts of chlorine being, respectively, 9, 8, 6, 3, 5, 6. |
51813578-df85-4726-92a6-21006d444e21 | Mortuaries.—The Public Mortuary is in Sun Street, Woolwich, and a temporary mortuary is provided in Eltham High Street. The following Table shows the use made of the mortuaries during the year:— TABLE No. 20. Sun Street. Sun Street (Infectious). Eltham. All Mortuaries. Number of Bodies Received:- 1935 1936 (a) For Inquest — — — (6) For Custody 8 — 2 20 10 8 — 2 20 10 Number of Post-Mortem Examinations — — — — — 63 Cemeteries.—The Council own three cemeteries within the Borough, two in Plumstead and one in Eltham. The two in Plumstead are known respectively as the Woolwich Cemetery and the Plumstead Cemetery, the Woolwich one being divided into two portions, the Old and the New. |
54eb2d48-27ea-4b3c-9d0f-67a9d16bcfb0 | Eltham Cemetery was opened for interments in April, 1935. Burials also take place in Eltham Churchyard, and rarely in a private burial ground within the grounds of Christchurch Priory in Eltham High Street. In the following Table is shown the number of interments in the different graveyards. The information in the case of the cemeteries is given through the courtesy of the Town Clerk, and, in the case of the Eltham Churchyard, through that of the Vicar of Eltham. TABLE No. 21. Number of Interments. 1934 1935 1936 Woolwich Cemetery 661 584 610 Plumstead Cemetery 755 681 741 Eltham Cemetery — 56 140 Eltham Churchyard 236 166 168 Exhumations.— During the year three exhumations under Home Office licences were carried out. |
024e3874-aafd-4e8d-b743-4684b70f2082 | Offensive Trades.—By the Transfer of Powers Order, 1933, consideration of, and decision on, applications for the establishment anew or the enlargement of certain offensive businesses, or imposition, modification, or removal of conditions, was transferred from the London County Council to the Metropolitan Borough Councils. At that time there was only one offensive trade, namely, that of a slaughterer of poultry, the premises at which this was carried on being approved by the London County Council in November, 1931. An application by the Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society to establish anew the business of a slaughterer of cattle and of a tripe boiler was considered by the Council in July, 1936, and was approved subject to the conditions which are set out under slaughterhouses in the food section of the report. Removal of Infirm and Diseased Persons.—Power is given by Section 224 of the Public Health (London) Act, 1936, to remove infirm and diseased persons living under insanitary conditions to institutions. |
e8d8ee7e-ba05-4001-b8a1-227bdbaebf9b | Usually such persons are persuaded to enter an institution, but occasionally difficulty is experienced in this 64 connection, and it is necessary to make application to a Magistrate for an Order. No such applications were made during the year. Sandpits.—It is the practice of the Council to disinfect all children's sandpits under their control at regular intervals during the year. Pharmacy and Poisons Act, 1933.—This Act places upon Metropolitan Borough Councils the duties of enforcing the provisions of that part of the Act which relates to poisons in Part 2 of the Poisons List. Poisons in Part 1 of the Poisons List may only he sold by "authorised sellers" and those in Part 2 by authorised sellers and by listed sellers, whose names appear in a register to be kept by the local authority. |
ac628adc-3b8d-450f-9e5d-277d6ff445f8 | "Authorised sellers," i.e., pharmacists, are inspected by Inspectors appointed by the Pharmaceutical Society, but the Borough Council are required to arrange for the necessary inspection of all listed sellers. The Council have appointed as inspectors for this purpose, the Medical Officer of Health, the Chief Sanitary Inspector, and two sanitary inspectors. The Act came into force on the 1st May, 1936, and 84 names were entered on the Council's list during the year. Legal, Proceedings.—The particulars of the various prosecutions instituted under the various Acts are set out in detail in the following Table, No. 22:— TABLE No. 22. Prosecutions under Public Health and Kindred Acts. No. Date of Hearing. Offence. Situation. Result. 1 3rd January Foul decaying match lining in back lobby and absence of eaves guttering on washhouse and water closet. |
4ee89c49-6a17-4462-a82e-704b2ccb15f5 | 15, Dock Street Order to abate in 21 days. 2 3rd January Failed to cleanse and free from vermin the walls of the ground floor front and back rooms and the first floor front room. 15, Dock Street Fined Is. Od., and £2 2s. costs. 3 8th May Damp walls and defective roof. 1, Halons Road Magistrate's Order and 2s. costs. 4 8th May Did distribute toys from a vehicle in exchange for rags. Fuchsia Street Ordered to pay 2s. costs. 5 8th May Being a person having charge of a dog on lead, allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. Court Road Adjourned sine die. 65 TABLE No. 22—continued. No. Date of Heating. Offence. Situation. Result. |
d41a7582-1857-4705-9db7-0f17bf67ab9c | 6 8th May Being a person having charge of a dog on lead, allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. Shooters Hill Dismissed under Probation of Offenders Act. 7 28th May Being a person having charge of a dog on lead, allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. Footscray Road Fined 10s. Od. 8 19th June Being a person having charge of a dog on lead, allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. Eltham High Street Fined 5s. Od. 9 19th June Did distribute toys from a vehicle in exchange for rags. Elizabeth Street Fined 7s. 6d. 10 28th July Did distribute toys from a vehicle in exchange for rags. Ann Street Fined 2s. 6d. |
ba051b38-cbc6-4492-a3a2-f9b3ed236a1b | 11 20th August Being a person having charge of a dog on lead, allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. Eltham Hill Fined 7s. 6d. 12 29th September Being a person having charge of a dog on lead, allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. Plumstead Common Road. Fined 2s. 6d. 13 29th September Broken leaky downpipe on west side of house. 98a, Woolwich High Street. Work done. Summons withdrawn. 14 27 th October Being a person having charge of a dog on lead, allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. Wrottesley Road Fined 2s. 6d. 15 27th October Being a person having charge of a dog on lead, allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. |
e55b9bee-1161-471f-9e57-1ecae5fa6e4a | McLeod Road Fined 2s. 6d. 16 27th October Being a person having charge of a dog on lead, allowed said dog to deposit its excrement on public footway. Woolwich Road Fined 2s. 6d. 17 11th November Insufficient ashpit 26, Dumbreck Road Dustbin supplied. Summons with drawn. 66 SECTION V. INSPECTION AND SUPERVISION OF FOOD. Three Sanitary Inspectors have been specifically appointed for the inspection and supervision of food and food premises. Two of these are responsible for the inspection of meat at the slaughter-houses, and for the taking of samples under the Food and Drugs (Adulteration) Act, 1928, and the various Regulations dealing with food standards. |
ba96c545-56b0-4486-a296-5eb364dd9997 | The third regularly and systematically inspects all food premises, especially those so used for the first time, paying particular regard to the hygiene of premises used for the sale, etc., of food, as provided for in the Public Health (London) Act, 1936. In addition, each district inspector exercises a general supervision over all food exposed for sale and all food premises in his district, and in turn is responsible for the bi-weekly inspections of the market. Milk Supply.—The Borough Council is required to keep registers for all persons carrying on in the Borough the trade of cowkeeper, dairyman or purveyor of milk. The register of retail purveyors of milk is to be kept separate from the other. All dairies have to be registered also. Information on these matters is set out below in tabular form. TABLE No. 23. No. |
99c52bb3-8d6f-4860-a161-c14fa9417fcd | Cowkeepers 2 Cowsheds 5 Dairies 73 Dairymen with premises in the Borough 51 Dairymen with premises outside the Borough 35 Purveyors of milk in sealed bottles 163 The number of inspections of these premises was 357, and a high standard of cleanliness in cowsheds and dairies and in other premises where milk is sold has been maintained. The cowsheds in the Borough are fast disappearing. At the end of the year they were as set out in the following Table, No. 24:— TABLE No. 24. Situation of Cowhouse. No. of Sheds. No. of Cows. Licencee. |
e00b8c80-4be5-48e2-85e8-2f04cc62713f | Avery Hill Farm, Eltham 3 69 W. F. Fisher Coldharbour Farm, Eltham 2 88 C. U. Fisher 67 Designated Milks.—Until the 30th May, 1936, the Council were authorised, under the Milk (Special Designations) Order, 1923, to grant licences to persons other than producers to sell milk under special designations. Each licence automatically terminates on the last day of the year on which it is issued. |
426a3d2d-8626-4e0b-b006-6991039b1a0d | In tabular form is shown below the number of licences so issued during the period:— Number of pasteurisers' licences issued 1 Number of dealers' licences issued to use the designation (a) "Certified" 5 (b) "Grade A (Tuberculin Tested)" 7 (c) "Grade A" 1 (d) "Grade A (Pasteurised)" 13 (e) "Pasteurised" 33 Number of supplementary licences issued to sell:— (a) "Certified" Milk 2 (b) "Grade A (Tuberculin Tested)" Milk 4 (c) "Grade A (Pasteurised)" Milk 2 (d) "Pasteurised" Milk 7 A new Order, the Milk (Special Designations) Order, 1936, came into operation on the 1st June, 1936. |
0d32f7a9-b4b1-4299-83ce-6ee6f3530ece | This Order revoked the previous Order and prescribes the following special designations:—(a) "Tuberculin Tested"; (b) "Accredited"; and (c) "Pasteurised." If Tuberculin Tested milk is pasteurised and sold as Tuberculin Tested Milk (Pasteurised) two licences are required. If Tuberculin Tested Milk has been bottled at the place of production the word "Certified" may be added. The new Order like the old, prescribes maximum fees and authorises Licensing Authorities to charge lower fees or to dispense with them altogether. In this connection the Council decided that they would charge maximum fees for the whole year or any period exceeding six months and half fees for any shorter period. In London all licences can now be granted by Metropolitan Borough Councils. No licences were issued under the new Order. |
8999c4f3-94bc-40f7-920b-caa0b4afbf18 | Bacteriological Examination of Milk.—During the year forty-five samples of pasteurised milk were bacteriologically examined in order to ascertain whether they complied with the standards prescribed by the Milk (Special Designations) Orders, 1923 or 1936. The results are set out in Table No. 25. following. In every instance the prescribed standard was complied with. Three samples of raw milk, taken at farms in the district, were examined for the presence of the tubercle bacillus. In one case this bacillus was found. The London County Council were informed and a veterinary examination of the cows in the cowsheds followed. 68 TABLE No. 25. Month. Type of Milk. Number of Bacteria per c.c. Bacillus coli per 1/10 c.c. January Pasteurised 7,800 — do. 15,000 — do. 21,000 Present do. 13,500 — do. |
ce3180b5-a5c0-42ee-9d49-f8831122fa4e | 10,730 — February Pasteurised 5,100 — do. 21,000 — do. 14,200 — do. 9,530 — do. 4,700 — March Pasteurised 52,000 — do. 48,000 — do. 31,000 — do. 16,400 — do. 13,060 — April Pasteurised 8,000 — do. 6,800 — do. 19,000 — do. 13,600 — do. 10,600 — May Pasteurised 32,000 — do. 4,200 — do. 46,000 — do. 7,630 — do. 7,400 — June Pasteurised 28,500 — do. 6,400 — do. 16,400 — do. 17,300 — do. 19,800 — July Pasteurised 5,800 — do. 24,000 — do. |
dbb1874c-8006-45d2-b1aa-9e5bbb21aff9 | 54,000 — do. 10,530 — do. 13,160 — October Pasteurised 18,000 — do. 37,000 — do. 52,000 — do. 16,360 — do. 18,700 — November Pasteurised 37,000 — do. 61,000 — do. 49,000 — do. 8,400 — do. 9,260 — Dried and Condensed Milks.—Two samples of condensed milk and one of dried milk were examined. The appropriate Regulations were being complied with in every respect. Artificial Cream Act, 1929.—This Act has for its object the regulation of the manufacture and sale of artificial cream. The Council are required to keep a register of all premises (with certain exceptions) where artificial cream is manufactured, sold, exposed or kept for sale. One shop where artificial cream is sold, has been placed on the register. |
484b328b-0b97-4976-920c-2a0eec246d3c | 69 Meat Supply.—Notice of intention to slaughter any animal must be given to the Council in accordance with the provisions of the Public Health (Meat) Regulations, 1924. No meat marking scheme under Part III. of these regulations is in force in the Borough. The following Table, No. 26, shows the number of animals slaughtered and inspected in the Borough during the year. In 1935 the number was 39,029. TABLE No. 26. Month. Cattle. Sheep and Lambs. Pigs. Calves. Total. January 320 1,391 1,832 — 3,543 February 290 1,566 1,929 — 3,785 March 283 1,543 1,671 1 3,498 April 274 1,544 1,588 132 3,538 May 292 1,760 514 170 2, |
a3ccb00f-2bf3-4809-884a-71838f8bd288 | 736 June 258 1,853 180 172 2,463 July 284 2,210 99 153 2,746 August 257 1,797 177 120 2,351 September 275 1,725 1,562 20 3,582 October 308 1,366 2,170 1 3,845 November 297 1,459 2,229 — 3,985 December 308 1,322 2,639 — 4,269 3,446 19,536 16,590 769 40,341 The number of whole carcases condemned on account of disease or injury was 42 (2 cattle, 6 sheep and 34 pigs). In 2,521 instances partial condemnation was necessary in respect of 390 cattle, 143 sheep, 1.986 pigs and 2 calves. |
feeeaae8-e827-4ab1-bbd1-5c47788c3481 | Licensing of Slaughtermen.—The Slaughter of Animals Act, 1933, requires that all slaughtermen shall be licensed. During the year no new licences were issued, but 21 were renewed. Slaughterhouses.—There is no public slaughterhouse in the Borough. Slaughterhouses are subject to annual licence, and in Table No. 27 which follows, are shown those licences in force at the end of the year. 70 TABLE No. 27. Situation of Slaughterhouse. Owner. Bostall Farm, Abbey Wood Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society, Ltd. 14, Church Street Portlock, T. W. 33, Herbert Road Anderson, F. |
12dc2138-a308-4731-a04a-74e85f3af345 | 38, Plumstead Common Road Reed, A. J. In July the Council considered an application from the Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society, Ltd., for the establishment anew of the business of a slaughterer of cattle and of a tripe boiler, at premises to be situated at Clothworkers Wood, Woodlands Farm, Plumstead. A Public Inquiry was held by the Public Health Committee, and after listening to the various objections put forward and considering the evidence given the Public Health Committee reported that they were not satisfied that the objectors had proved that the proposed businesses would be a nuisance or affect injuriously the residents of the neighbouring houses, and that they were of opinion that the proposed businesses were necessary, and the proposed site was suitable. |
1867831f-55f8-4c06-9b6e-487ae8879854 | They therefore decided to recommend the Council as follows:— "That the application of the Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society, Limited, to establish anew the businesses of Slaughterer of Cattle and that of Tripe Boiler at Clothworkers Wood be granted, subject to the following conditions:— (1) That no dwelling house shall be erected within 100 feet of the proposed slaughterhouse. (2) That the existing licence operating at Abbey Wood slaughterhouse be discontinued when a new licence is issued. (3) That all appropriate by-laws and statutory provisions be strictly observed. (4) That the screen of trees proposed, be maintained effectively during the period of operation of the licence." The Council adopted the recommendations. |
87196e1c-64e4-4da3-84c5-7524c303c7fc | Registered Premises.—The Public Health (London) Act, 1936, requires the registration of premises used for the following purposes:— (а) The sale, manufacture or storage of ice cream or similar commodity; (б) The manufacture of sausages; (c) The preparation or manufacture of potted, pressed, pickled or preserved meat, fish or other food. |
a3261644-014a-48e3-82ca-c377f61298b7 | The register of such premises which is now complete is kept in five parts, and the numbers in each part at the end of the year were as set out below:— (a) Sale, manufacture or storage of Ice Cream 221 (b) Manufacture of Sausages 92 71 (c) Preparation or manufacture of Potted, Pressed, Pickled, or Preserved Meat 125 (d) Preparation or manufacture of Potted, Pressed, Pickled or Preserved Fish 45 (e) Preparation or manufacture of Potted, Pressed, Pickled or Preserved other foods 4 The total number of inspections made was 826. Other Food Premises.—As a matter of routine the food inspector made 477 visits to other food premises, including eating houses, coffee stalls, and restaurants, and immediate- action was taken in regard to any insanitary condition found. In addition, 2,456 visits were made to shops and to stalls in the markets. |
cc3b8011-12c3-4238-8045-20f751922c2f | Bakehouses.—There were, at the end of the year, 35 bakehouses in the Borough, of which 33 were factory and 8 underground. The inspections numbered 90, and 6 notices were served. The conditions on the whole were satisfactory. The number of inspections made in respect of all food premises, other than those referred to above as registered premises, is shown in the following Table:— TABLE No. 28. Premises. On Register 31st December Number of Legal Proceedings. Inspections. Notices. Bakehouses 35 90 6 Cowsheds 5 79 2 — Dairies 73 278 2 — Slaughterhouses 4 16 — — Premises where food is prepared (other than above 170 477 35 — Shops and Markets — 2,456 4 — Unsound Food.—There were 464 instances of unsound food being surrendered. |
21e0ce3e-dc4d-4607-ab59-a23db0f5d3c8 | These compare with 483 in 1935. Included in the food surrendered were: 2 tons 19 cwts. Pork; 2 tons 6 cwts. Beef; 3 cwts. 1 qr. Mutton; 2 tons 1 cwt. Ox Liver; 6 cwts. 3 qrs. Ox Lungs; 17 cwts. 3 qrs. Pig Offal; 3 cwts. 3 qrs. Sheep Offal; 6 qrs. Fish; 3 cwts. Broccoli; 2 cwts. Prunes; 1 qr. Sugar; 24 lbs. Corned Beef; 1 case of Turkeys; 50 cases of Tomatoes. 72 Six seizures were made. Included in these were 4£ lbs. Tomatoes; 2 lbs. Cooked Beetroot; 4| lbs. |
f3d2a600-f45f-491d-a25f-2a58f9d6effd | Apples; 9 Oranges; 104 lbs. Cherries; 3 Pineapples; 5 Pig's Heads. Merchandise Marks Act, 1926.—Under the provisions of Section 9 of the above Act, Food and Drug Authorities have power to execute any of the provisions of the Act, other than those relating to importation, in respect of foodstuffs which are subject to an Order in Council made under the Act. The Orders which so far have been made are as follows :— The Merchandise Marks (Imported Goods) No. 3 Order, 1928. The Merchandise Marks (Imported Goods) No. 5 Order, 1928. The Merchandise Marks No. 4 Order, 1929. The Merchandise Marks No. 5 Order, 1930. The Merchandise Marks No. 8 Order, 1931. The Merchandise Marks No. 1 Order, 1932. |
1345c9a5-843b-423e-abc1-f88aa052adf1 | The Merchandise Marks No. 3 Order, 1934. The Merchandise Marks No. 5 Order, 1934. The Merchandise Marks No. 7 Order, 1934. The Merchandise Marks Amendment Order, (Imported Goods) (Imported Goods) (Imported Goods) (Imported Goods) (Imported Goods) (Imported Goods) (Imported Goods) (Imported Goods) 1936. Honey; Apples. Currants; Sultanas and Raisins; Eggs in Shell; Dried Eggs; Oat Products. Raw Tomatoes. Malt Products. Frozen or Chilled Salmon or Sea Trout. Butter. Bacon and Ham. Dead Poultry. Meat. Meat. These Orders prohibit the sale, or exposure for sale, respectively, in the United Kingdom, of the products mentioned above, unless the goods bear an indication of the country of origin. |
39037c69-6bda-4322-b770-1cc3b7bfaa98 | The term "sale" includes sale, wholesale, or sale by retail; and exposure for sale includes exposure for sale, wholesale, and exposure for sale by retail. As a general rule imported produce does not require marking when sold in quantities not exceeding 14 lbs. in weight. Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Acts.—These Acts empower the Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries to make Orders for the grading and marking of agricultural produce. One mark—the National Mark—is used, or will be used, for all graded produce of England and Wales, and by law it conveys a 73 guarantee that the produce is of the grade stated. It is not compulsory for all such food stuffs to be so marked, but, if marked, they must conform to the standard. In London the local authority is the Metropolitan Borough Council concerned and in Woolwich the Medical Officer of Health, the Chief Sanitary Inspector and three Sanitary Inspectors have been appointed officers under the Act. |
1ee8d4df-e47c-4e68-9b3e-191c1efc1db0 | The following is a list of products regarding which Regulations were in force on the 31st December, 1936:— Date of Regulations. Produce. 1929 Potatoes. 1930 Strawberries; Cherries. 1931 Beef. 1932 Cider. 1933 Wheat Flour; Gooseberries; Loganberries ; berries; Red Currants; Cheshire Cheese; Pears. 1934 Cauliflower and Broccoli; Canned Fruits; Honey; Asparagus; Jam; Carrots; Leeks; Radishes; Red Beet; Cabbage Greens and Cabbages; Salad (Spring) Onions; Parsnips; Ripe Onions and Shallots; Watercress: Horseradish; Kidney and Runner Beans; Mushrooms; Forced Rhubarb; Natural Rhubarb; Stilton Cheese; Hot House Grapes. |
2df14e0e-273a-4178-9b10-e10aa6aa5d36 | 1935 Apples; Glasshouse-grown Tomatoes ; Cucumbers; Wheat Flower (Amendment); Dressed Poultry; Canned Fruits (Amendment); Bottled Fruits; Bottled Vegetables; Blackcurrants; Creamery Butter; Vegetables; Perry; Caerphilly Cheese; Cheddar Cheese; Cream Cheese. 1936 Eggs; Malt Extract and Malt Flour; Canned Vegetables; Plums; Leicester Cheese; Lancashire Cheese; Wensleydale Cheese; Fruit Juice Syrup. During the year Regulations affecting Eggs (1930), Malt Extract and Malt Flour (1933), Canned Vegetables (1934), Plums (1935), were revoked. No offences were discovered during the year. Sophistication of Food.—The following Table, No. |
b503151e-f8ca-4da1-a893-a3482f99b754 | 29, gives details of the various analyses made under the Food and Drugs (Adulteration) Act, Public Health (Condensed Milk) Regulations, Public Health (Dried Milk) Regidations, and the Public Health (Preservatives, etc., in Food) Regulations. 74 TABLE No. 29. Article. Formal Samples. Informal Samples. Number Analysed. Number Adulterated. Milk 241 36 277 6 Cream — 7 7 — Dried Milk — 1 1 — Condensed Milk — 2 2 — Butter 1 25 26 1 Cheese — 5 5 — Margarine — 4 4 — Lard — 3 3 — Suet 1 5 6 1 Dripping — 3 3 — Cream Cheese — 3 3 2 Vitacream — 2 2 1 Tea — 7 7 — Coffee — 6 6 — |
25e0ea0c-d58c-4e0b-98ad-e122b99159f0 | Sugar — 10 10 2 Flour — 5 5 — Cornflour — 5 5 — Rice — 6 6 — Sago — 4 4 — Pearl Barley — 5 5 — Oatmeal — 1 1 — Sultanas — 3 3 — Currants — 3 3 — Raisins — 3 3 — Nuts and Raisins — 1 1 — Cake and Fruit — 4 4 — Ground Almonds — 1 1 — Pepper — 5 5 — Dried Mint — 4 4 — Mustard — 4 4 — Bread — 3 3 — 75 TABLE No. 29—continued. Article. Formal Samples. Informal Samples. Number Analysed. Number Adulterated. |
58a775a9-9a79-451d-94a0-c0e6cbece464 | Tapioca — 3 3 — Dried Fruits — 5 5 — Mincemeat — 3 3 — Jams and Jellies — 18 18 — Salad Dressing — 4 4 — Tomato Cream — 1 1 — Black Treacle — 1 1 — Preserved Ginger — 1 1 — Ground Ginger — 1 1 — Sandwich Cheese and Crab — 2 2 — Sweets and Confectionery — 14 14 — Ice Cream — 3 3 — Lemon Squash — 3 3 — Grape Fruit Squash — 2 2 — Lemon Cheese — 6 6 — Junket Powder — 1 1 — Pickles — 3 3 — Vinegar 1 13 14 2 Pectin, Fruit — 1 1 — Peppercorns 8 1 9 1 Orange Squash — 2 2 1 Meat, |
b216e9d4-ecdd-40a3-8f94-18fd6f6aaec7 | Minced 14 — 14 — Meat Paste — 3 3 — Brawn — 3 3 — Saveloys — 1 1 — Sausages 12 4 16 — Sausages Preserved 1 3 4 — Tripe 4 — 4 — Corned Beef — 1 1 1 Ham Sandwich — 1 1 — Beef Extract — 1 1 — 76 TABLE No. 29—continued. Article. Formal Samples. Informal Samples. Number Analysed. Number Adulterated. |
8200a8c8-8ccc-4d02-b193-6ca549e3a9c2 | Fish Paste — 2 2 — Fish 3 1 4 — Rum 6 — 6 — Whisky 8 — 8 — Gin 8 — 8 1 Non-alcoholic Wine — 2 2 — Ginger Wine — 1 1 — Ale — 5 5 — Mineral Water — 1 1 — Canned Fruits — 23 23 8 Canned Salmon — 1 1 — Canned Sardines — 10 10 — Canned Sild — 20 20 7 Apples — 3 3 — Soup Mixture — 2 2 — Canned Roes — 2 2 — Canned Herrings and Pilchards . . |
87301d5a-5e7c-408f-adb6-61389c9b9c3c | — 2 2 — Canned Beans and Peas — 9 9 — Canned Spaghetti — 2 2 — Canned Crab — 2 2 — Canned Kipper Snacks — 2 2 — Canned Lobster — 1 1 — Sulphur Ointment — 3 3 — Salicylic Acid Ointment — 3 3 — Salicylic Acid — 1 1 — Cream of Magnesia — 6 6 1 Saline Lemon Flavour — 1. 1 — Ammonia (dilute solution) — 3 3 1 Arrowroot — 4 4 — Chlorinated Lime — 1 1 — Proprietary Foods — 2 2 — 77 TABLE No. 29—continued. Article. Formal Samples. Informal Samples. Number Analysed. Number Adulterated. |
9e4aa7ad-e43e-41a1-bb62-dc318252fb8e | Seidlitz Powder - 4 4 1 Glucose Syrup - 1 1 - Barley Water - 1 1 - 308 402 710 37 The Public Analyst has furnished the following figures showing the percentage of fat found in each sample of milk submitted for analysis during the last three years:— TABLE No. 30. 1934 1935 1936 4.5 per cent. and over 7 8 4 4 per cent. and under 4.5 per cent. 9 11 11 3.5 per cent. and under 4 per cent. 88 102 145 3 per cent. and under 3.5 per cent. 128 146 113 Below 3 per cent. 5 8 4 237 275 277 Mr. |
b2b32966-e138-42db-8523-bf5b75409ebb | Amphlett Williams makes the following observations on his analyses during the year:— "The average percentages of fat and of solids-not-fat found in the samples of milk analysed during the past three years are given below: the averages have been calculated for each quarter as well as for the whole year, and thus show the regular seasonable variations in the quality of the milk. All the samples analysed have been included excepting those definitely adulterated, of which particulars will be found elsewhere. Percentage of Fat. Quarter. 1934 1935 1936 January—March 3.52 3.51 3.60 April—June 3.41 3.50 3.43 July—August 3.53 3.59 3.56 September—December 3.69 3.92 3.81 Whole Year 3.54 3.59 3.59 78 Percentage of Solids-not-fat. Quarter. |
fdb61dac-c026-4f0c-b487-d436b60dc999 | 1934 1935 1936 January—March 8.80 8.85 8.76 April—June 8.86 8.85 8.78 July—August 8.69 8.67 8.70 September—December 8.97 8.86 8.81 Whole Year 8.83 8.81 8.77 The results are typical of the milk supply in the Metropolitan area and show that a satisfactory standard, considerably above the minimum of the Sale of Milk Regulations, 1901, has been maintained in Woolwich. In connection with the experimental work carried out in this laboratory during 1935 on the application of certain methods of analysis to heated milks, six further samples of 'hot milk' were taken from various cafes, etc., during this year. |
aa07f4a2-d6b3-4852-95ba-352b35b46b42 | Two of these were found to be deficient in fat, to the extent of 10 and 37 per cent., respectively; prosecutions were taken against the vendors concerned, and after a warning, each of the cases was dismissed under the Probation of Offenders Act on payment of £5 5s. Od. costs. Of 20 samples of canned sild and brisling, seven were contaminated with excessive amounts of tin, derived apparently from imperfect canning and over-long storing. Where an excess of tin was detected in a sample, further samples were taken from the same consignment, and where contamination was confirmed in other cans also, the consignment was surrendered by the vendor and destroyed. The Local Authority acting for the district in which the wholesalers or importers were situated was also informed, so that further supplies of the same brand might be examined at the source. |
becef710-d129-4ea2-84cc-315e3b9222dc | Ten samples of canned sardines, in addition to the samples of sild, etc., were also examined for lead, but no further instance occurred of the contamination by this metal which was detected in the previous year. Eight samples of canned prunes, imported from Australia, all of the same brand, were found to be contaminated with tin. The wholesalers surrendered the whole consignment and it was destroyed. It may be said here that the attitude of the wholesalers concerned has been entirely helpful to the administration. In the case of the Barbadoes Raw Sugar it was at their suggestion that samples from a shipment which had been condemned elsewhere were taken and analysed. These were found to contain an excessive amount of tin and sulphur dioxide and, as with the other articles the consignment was voluntarily surrendered for destruction. |
17ca746f-102c-4a34-aa11-ddfe1cb5a2d0 | It is believed that the excessive amounts of tin which have been found from time to time in brown sugar, are derived from a special process of manufacture, 79 where stannous chloride is added to fix the natural colour of the brown "Denierara" type of sugar, which would otherwise be removed in the refining. The finished brown sugar should not, of course, contain tin, and it is probable that the crude, dark sugar analysed was obtained by evaporating the mother liquor containing the stannous chloride, etc., from which the brown sugar had been previously crystallised and separated. A sample of Orange Squash contained an excessive amount of bright red coal-tar dye—presumably added to suggest that the 'Squash' was made from blood oranges. Pure orange squash is only slightly deeper in colour than lemon squash, and after the dye had been extracted from this sample by wool, the squash returned to its natural colour. |
685ba6dc-ea42-4d00-b464-56f427cc5191 | There was no evidence, however, that the dye was injurious to health, and in the absence of any legal standard for such drinks, no further action was taken." Adulterated Samples—Action Taken.—The following Table, No. 31, shows the number of adulterated samples and the action taken in each instance where the sample was formal:— TABLE No. 31. Sample No. Article. Formal or Informal. Result of Analysis. Result of Legal Proceedings or other Action. 465 Cream Cheese Informal Contained only 49.0 per cent. of milk fat. Prepared from whole milk but not from cream. — 466 Cream Cheese Informal Contained only 51.4 per cent. of milk fat. Prepared from whole milk but not from cream. – 509 Cream of Magnesia Informal 16 per cent. deficient in magnesium hydroxide. |
cbc2eb15-37f6-44f7-ae3f-89af9899d44f | — 527 Prunes, canned Informal Contained tin, 2.59 grains per lb. Stock surrendered and destroyed. 532 Milk Informal 10 per cent. of the fat abstracted. — 549 Prunes, canned Informal Contained tin, 2.38 grains per lb. Stock surrendered and destroyed. 550 Prunes. canned Informal Contained tin, 2.24 grains per lb. Stock surrendered and destroyed. 551 Prunes, canned Informal Contained tin, 2.52 grains per lb. Stock surrendered and destroyed. 552 Prunes, canned Informal Contained tin, 2.38 grains per lb. Stock surrendered and destroyed. 570 Prunes, canned Informal Contained tin, 2.24 grains per lb. Stock surrendered and destroyed. 80 TABLE No. 31—continued. Sample No. Article. Formal or Informal. Result of Analysis. |