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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nterrify - trousers\n\n0. twig\n1. theme" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince theme is between the guide words terrify - trousers, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a water pitcher?\n\n0. 10 cups\n1. 10 fluid ounces\n2. 10 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a water pitcher is 10 cups.\n10 fluid ounces is too little and 10 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Uncle Ron,\n1. dear Uncle Ron," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Uncle Ron is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nDuring the Precambrian period, most of Earth's life forms lived in oceans. Meanwhile, land masses were mostly devoid of life.\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nDuring the Precambrian period, most of Earth's life forms lived in oceans. Meanwhile, land masses were mostly devoid of life.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word easily on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nedge - envy\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince easily is not between the guide words edge - envy, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a simple sentence?\n\n0. We can pack our bags tonight, or we can wait until morning.\n1. The engine in the car makes a strange noise." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.\nThe engine in the car makes a strange noise.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich announcement is more formal?\n\n0. The Centerville Law Firm is so happy to tell you . . .\n1. The Centerville Law Firm is pleased to announce . . ." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first announcement is more formal. It uses more elevated language (pleased to announce). The other announcement sounds more conversational (so happy).\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a 100-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 47°C\n1. a 100-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 62°C\n2. a 100-gram cup of black tea at a temperature of 56°C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three cups of black tea have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 62°C cup of black tea is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of three motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at the highest speed?\n\n0. a motorboat that moved 210miles west in 5hours\n1. a motorboat that moved 60miles east in 5hours\n2. a motorboat that moved 70miles south in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each motorboat moved does not affect its speed.\nNotice that each motorboat moved for 5 hours. The motorboat that moved 210 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that motorboat must have moved at the highest speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?\n\n0. As a geneticist, Kelly dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\n1. As a geneticist, Kelly enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Kelly dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.\nThe first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact.\nAs a geneticist, Kelly enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "There is a surplus if there is too much for sale at a given price.\nThere is a shortage if there is not enough for sale at a given price.\nSurpluses and shortages usually happen when people who are selling goods or services charge too much or too little.\nWhen the price is too high, consumers will not want to buy much of the good or service. The quantity demanded will be less than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a surplus.\nWhen the price is too low, too many consumers will want to buy the good or service. The quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. So, there will be a shortage.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a surplus or a shortage of plane tickets?\n\n0. surplus\n1. shortage" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "At the current price, there are not enough tickets for sale. There are 160 tickets for sale, but 230 people want to buy one.\nSo, there is a shortage of tickets.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nHow could Mia have anything insightful to say about foreign affairs? She grew up on a farm.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n2. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Mia cannot be insightful about foreign affairs because she grew up on a farm. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether she knows about foreign affairs. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Your niece,\nJanet\n1. Your Niece,\nJanet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nChloroform is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether chloroform is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for chloroform is CHCl3. This formula contains three symbols: C for carbon, H for hydrogen, and Cl for chlorine. So, the formula tells you that chloroform is made of three chemical elements bonded together.\nSubstances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, chloroform is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.\nDistance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.\nTime tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.\nThink about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.\n\nQuestion:\nCompare the motion of two trains. Which train was moving at a higher speed?\n\n0. a train that moved 635kilometers in 5hours\n1. a train that moved 605kilometers in 5hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the distance each train moved and the time it took to move that distance.\nOne train moved 635 kilometers in 5 hours.\nThe other train moved 605 kilometers in 5 hours.\nNotice that each train spent the same amount of time moving. The train that moved 635 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that train must have moved at a higher speed.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Native gold is a pure substance. It is not made by living things.\n1. A shark's tooth is not a pure substance. It is formed in nature.\n2. Potassium feldspar is a pure substance. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nNative gold is a mineral.\nPotassium feldspar is a mineral.\nA shark's tooth is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nSo, a shark's tooth is not a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this fruit fly's genotype for the body color gene?\n\n0. BB\n1. a gray body" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The fruit fly has two alleles for a gray body (B). So, the fly's genotype for the body color gene is BB.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles?\nThe number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot.\nThere are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a basketball court?\n\n0. 30 yards\n1. 30 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a basketball court is 30 yards.\n30 feet is too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. ***Now You See Me***\n1. \"Now You See Me\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Now You See Me**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nThe Fourth Amendment says that the government needs to have a good reason before it can () a person.\n\n0. hire\n1. enslave\n2. tax\n3. search" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Fourth Amendment says that the government needs to have a good reason before it can search a person or his or her property. The Fourth Amendment says that \"unreasonable searches\" are not allowed. It is not always clear what makes a search \"unreasonable.\" But a search for no reason is definitely unreasonable! Police officers and other government employees search people every day. There are many good reasons the government might have to search someone. For example, the person might be acting in a suspicious or strange way. Or a police officer might see something against the law before the search. It is often hard to know if the government has a good enough reason to do a search. Often a judge will have to decide. The full text of the Fourth Amendment is below. How can a police officer or other member of the government get the right to search someone? The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction.\nAn object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is:\nmoving in a straight line at a constant speed, or\nremaining motionless.\nIf an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is:\nspeeding up,\nslowing down, or\nchanging direction.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich statement describes the asteroid's motion?\n\n0. The asteroid has a constant velocity.\n1. The asteroid is accelerating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The asteroid is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. So, the asteroid has a constant velocity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nYou've reached Andy Conway's voice mail. Please leave a detailed message at the beep, and I will return your call at my earliest convenience.\n\n0. onomatopoeia\n1. idiom" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nBeep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an elephant?\n\n0. 5,220 grams\n1. 5,220 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of an elephant is 5,220 kilograms.\n5,220 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. cent\n1. dollar\n2. penny\n3. buy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Cent, penny, and dollar go together. They are money. Buy is not money, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. Chromosomes store nutrients, water, and waste in an animal cell.\n1. The vacuoles of an animal cell use sunlight to make sugar.\n2. In a plant cell, the endoplasmic reticulum helps ribosomes build proteins." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\nSome traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.\nAn organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.\nAn organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.\nThe types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.\nA dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.\nA recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the flower position trait?\n\n0. terminal flowers\n1. axial flowers" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The pea plant's genotype for the flower position gene is ff. The pea plant's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for terminal flowers. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the flower position trait must be terminal flowers.\nTo check this answer, consider whether the pea plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for terminal flowers (f) is recessive to the allele for axial flowers (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.\nThe pea plant's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the pea plant's phenotype for the flower position trait must be terminal flowers.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re­acts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nbending a paper clip\nmixing sand and water\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nBending a paper clip is a physical change. After you bend it, the paper clip has a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nMixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word tangle on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nthrottle - truth\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince tangle is not between the guide words throttle - truth, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. cent\n1. dollar\n2. penny\n3. sell" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Dollar, cent, and penny go together. They are money. Sell is not money, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a sentence fragment?\nBy the time the Guerra Bianca, or White War, ended in 1917, Italian and Austro-Hungarian soldiers fighting for three years in extreme conditions at altitudes of up to twelve thousand feet.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought.\nBy the time the Guerra Bianca, or White War, ended in 1917, Italian and Austro-Hungarian soldiers fighting for three years in extreme conditions at altitudes of up to twelve thousand feet.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nBy the time the Guerra Bianca, or White War, ended in 1917, Italian and Austro-Hungarian soldiers had been fighting for three years in extreme conditions at altitudes of up to twelve thousand feet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re­acts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nice melting in a glass\nmolding clay into the shape of a pot\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nIce melting in a glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not made.\nMolding clay into the shape of a pot is a physical change. The clay gets a different shape. But it is made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nIce melting is caused by heating. But molding clay is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the most thermal energy?\n\n0. a 150-gram glass of water at a temperature of 42°F\n1. a 150-gram glass of water at a temperature of 85°F\n2. a 150-gram glass of water at a temperature of 56°F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three glasses of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 85°F glass of water is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212°F | Water boils | 100°C\n98.6°F | Body temperature | 37°C\n68°F | Room temperature | 20°C\n32°F | Water freezes | 0°C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a pot of boiling soup?\n\n0. 215°C\n1. 215°F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a pot of boiling soup is 215°F.\n215°C is too hot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Arianna decided to make escargots using the small snails from her garden, but she prepared them terribly. Since she'd forgotten to add garlic, the taste was disappointing.\n1. Arianna made escargots using the small snails from her garden. She prepared them according to the recipe but found the chewy texture terribly disappointing." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner.\nArianna decided to make escargots using the small snails from her garden, but she prepared them terribly. Since she'd forgotten to add garlic, the taste was disappointing.\nThe second text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very.\nArianna made escargots using the small snails from her garden. She prepared them according to the recipe but found the chewy texture terribly disappointing.\nMost style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nLithium chloride is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether lithium chloride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for lithium chloride, LiCl, contains two atomic symbols: Li for lithium and Cl for chlorine. So, the formula tells you that lithium chloride is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.\nSince lithium chloride is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, lithium chloride is a compound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. pipevine swallowtail butterfly\n1. human\n2. whiptail lizard\n3. cockatoo" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A whiptail lizard is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a whiptail lizard is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA cockatoo is a bird. Like other birds, a cockatoo is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA human is a mammal. Like other mammals, a human is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA pipevine swallowtail butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a pipevine swallowtail butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a large soup pot?\n\n0. 6 liters\n1. 6 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a large soup pot is 6 liters.\n6 milliliters is too little.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would stretch more?\n\n0. rock\n1. nylon swim shorts" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the nylon swim shorts would stretch more. If you pull the leg opening on a pair of nylon swim shorts, it will get wider.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear dr. McKnight,\n1. Dear Dr. McKnight," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Dr. McKnight is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re­acts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nan old sandwich rotting in a trashcan\nbaking cookies\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies!\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But a sandwich rotting is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nBen says that he would not be the person he is today were it not for his childhood, which he describes as Dickensian.\n\n0. a song\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Dickensian is literature.\nThe works of British author Charles Dickens often featured characters struggling to survive in settings such as debtors' prisons and orphanages.\nThe allusion Dickensian means harsh or poverty-stricken.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the amphibian.\n\n0. black howler\n1. red-headed poison frog\n2. salmon\n3. thresher shark" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A red-headed poison frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nPoison dart frogs come in many bright colors. Their bright color warns other animals that these frogs are poisonous.\nA black howler is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nHowler monkeys have loud calls, or howls. Their calls can be heard over three miles away!\nA thresher shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nA thresher shark has a long tail. It can use its tail to hit and stun prey.\nA salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nUnlike most other fish, salmon can live in both fresh water and salt water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nwater evaporating from a lake\ndry ice sublimating and becoming a gas\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nWater evaporating from a lake is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed.\nDry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets warm, it changes state and becomes carbon dioxide gas. This change of state, from solid to gas, is called sublimation.\nDry ice becoming a gas is a physical change. A change of state does not form a different type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBoth changes are caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nLast year, 50,000 people lived in the city of Riverside. But since then, 8,000 people have moved away. What probably happened to the overall supply of houses for sale in Riverside?\n\n0. The supply probably went down.\n1. The supply probably went up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The population of Riverside fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Riverside has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 125-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 5°C\n1. a 125-gram glass of grape juice at a temperature of 20°C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two glasses of grape juice have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 20°C glass of grape juice is hotter than the 5°C glass of grape juice, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe number of off-leash dogs I've seen in Silvergrove is completely unacceptable. Let's make our streets safe again by addressing this dog problem, before our city becomes a haven for criminals.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that off-leash dogs would somehow cause an increase in crime in Silvergrove. However, these two ideas aren't related. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a red herring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nSpring and fall—the best times to enjoy the lake and avoid the crowds of summer. No fees or permits are required then.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought.\nSpring and fall—the best times to enjoy the lake and avoid the crowds of summer. No fees or permits are required then.\nHere is one way to fix the sentence fragment:\nSpring and fall are the best times to enjoy the lake and avoid the crowds of summer. No fees or permits are required then.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nA large amount of rock and soil tumbles down a slope.\n\n0. deposition\n1. landslide\n2. drought" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nTiana put a bandage on my cut.\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The corridor in the basement was dark and damp, so Lauren put on a sweater and found a flashlight.\n1. Rosanne and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction so.\nThe corridor in the basement was dark and damp, so Lauren put on a sweater and found a flashlight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nIn such an unfamiliar environment, Oliver was a fish out of water.\n\n0. Oliver didn't have any friends.\n1. Oliver felt out of place." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom a fish out of water suggests that Oliver felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nRed velvet cupcakes were Jenny's Achilles's heel when she was trying to eat more healthily.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. a movie" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Achilles's heel is Greek mythology.\nIn Greek mythology, Achilles's mother dips him in a river that protects his body wherever it touches. His heel does not get wet, so it is the one part of his body left unprotected. During the Trojan War, an arrow hits Achilles in the heel and kills him.\nThe allusion Achilles's heel means a sole weakness.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.\nAs the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.\nA glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a water pitcher?\n\n0. 12 cups\n1. 12 fluid ounces\n2. 12 gallons" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the volume of a water pitcher is 12 cups.\n12 fluid ounces is too little and 12 gallons is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Zach and his best friend go to the same college, but he is graduating this coming June.\n1. Zach and his best friend go to the same college, but Zach is graduating this coming June." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Zach or his best friend.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Zach.\nZach and his best friend go to the same college, but Zach is graduating this coming June.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nYesterday's tennis match was a classic David and Goliath story, with Jayce playing against his former team captain, Tamir.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. a poem" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion David and Goliath is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, a young man named David slays Goliath, a giant and champion warrior, using nothing more than a sling and a stone.\nThe allusion David and Goliath means involving unequal rivals.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Henry's phenotype for the leg color trait?\n\n0. yellow legs\n1. ll" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Henry's observable version of the leg color trait is yellow legs. So, Henry's phenotype for the leg color trait is yellow legs.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Philip inherited this trait?\n\n0. Philip's mother cuts his hair every month.\n1. Philip's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Philip." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWe were expecting twenty guests, but only ten came. We had enough extra food to feed the entire town!\n\n0. hyperbole\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nFeed the entire town is an exaggeration, since it's unlikely that there would be enough food to feed the number of people who live in a town.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Wesley inherited this trait?\n\n0. Wesley's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Wesley.\n1. Wesley and his father both have short hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Hornblende is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.\n1. Diamond is a pure substance. It is formed in nature.\n2. Candle wax is not a pure substance. It is made by humans." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nCandle wax is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.\nCandle wax is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, candle wax is not a mineral.\nDiamond is a mineral.\nHornblende is a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAn avid reader, Jared attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound-complex\n2. complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Jared attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Pedro acquired this trait?\n\n0. Pedro is most interested in American history.\n1. Pedro learned history by reading." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nRosa needs a new pair of shoes.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, needs. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nColton has naturally dark skin.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Colton's skin color is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. The cell membrane stores nutrients, water, and waste in a plant cell.\n1. In animal cells, lysosomes break down waste and worn-out cell parts.\n2. The endoplasmic reticulum breaks down sugar to release energy that an animal cell can use." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Lester acquired this trait?\n\n0. Lester can cook food over a fire.\n1. Lester learned how to build a fire at summer camp." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nA drought has made this year's tomato harvest smaller than usual. What will probably happen to the overall supply of tomato sauce?\n\n0. The supply will probably go up.\n1. The supply will probably go down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Since the tomato harvest was smaller than usual, tomatoes will be harder to get. Because tomatoes are a resource for making tomato sauce, tomato sauce will be harder to make. So, the supply of tomato sauce will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)\n1. magnesium (Mg)\n2. hydrazine (N2H4)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide contains two symbols: H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. So, hydrogen peroxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrogen peroxide is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for magnesium contains one symbol: Mg. So, magnesium is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, magnesium is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for hydrazine contains two symbols: N for nitrogen and H for hydrogen. So, hydrazine is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, hydrazine is a compound, not an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nShelby's phone slipped out of her pocket, landing in the toilet with a plop.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. onomatopoeia" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound.\nPlop represents the sound of the phone landing in the toilet.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an elephant?\n\n0. 4,630 kilograms\n1. 4,630 grams" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of an elephant is 4,630 kilograms.\n4,630 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nDo you know Bernard from soccer camp, or do you have another connection with him?\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Kelly investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a plastic sled or a wooden sled go down a hill faster?\n1. Does a rubber inner tube sled go faster down a small hill or down a big hill?\n2. Does a rubber inner tube sled or a plastic sled go faster down a hill?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Nina decides to see the tamarins. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. Nina will spend more time walking to the tamarins. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the vultures are close by.\n1. Nina will enjoy seeing the tamarins more than she would have enjoyed seeing the vultures." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Nina wants or needs:\nNina will spend more time walking to the tamarins. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the vultures are close by.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThat teenager just ran a stop sign! That settles it: teenagers are bad drivers.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\n2. hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that a single teenager running a stop sign indicates that all young people are bad drivers. However, a single observation is usually not enough to draw a conclusion about a much bigger group of people. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the water balloon's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth () as the water balloon fell toward Richard.\n\n0. stayed the same\n1. decreased\n2. increased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth changed.\nRichard was lower than the balcony. As the water balloon fell toward Richard, the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth decreased as the water balloon fell toward Richard.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has more thermal energy?\n\n0. a 175-gram baked potato at a temperature of 55°C\n1. a 175-gram baked potato at a temperature of 65°C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two baked potatoes have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 65°C potato is hotter than the 55°C potato, it has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Danville has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Danville's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go up.\n1. The supply will probably go down." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Danville. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nIt's an open secret that Johnny is writing a book based on his experiences living in Singapore. He never talks about it, but almost all his friends know.\n\n0. apostrophe\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nOpen secret is a contradiction, because open describes something that is freely or publicly known, and a secret is hidden.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to fly across the United States in an airplane?\n\n0. 7 minutes\n1. 7 hours" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to fly across the United States in an airplane is 7 hours.\n7 minutes is too fast.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a hiking trail?\n\n0. 3 miles\n1. 3 inches\n2. 3 yards" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 3 miles.\n3 inches and 3 yards are both too short.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\n\"Your new hairstyle is so boring!\" Dean remarked when his sister showed up with a pink-and-blue mohawk.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nBoring shows verbal irony because Dean's sister's hairstyle is not at all boring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.\nMy friends walk along the path.\nA run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.\nI knocked on the door it opened.\nIt started raining, we ran inside.\nTo fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence.\nI knocked on the door. It opened.\nIt started raining. We ran inside.\nYou can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nI knocked on the door, and it opened.\nIt started raining, so we ran inside.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a run-on sentence?\n\n0. Tracy is from Dover now she lives in Ashland.\n1. The explorers nervously entered the dark cave." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Tracy is from Dover now she lives in Ashland is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined without end punctuation: Tracy is from Dover and Now she lives in Ashland.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Franklin's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?\n\n0. solid coloring\n1. Aa" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Franklin's observable version of the coat pattern trait is solid coloring. So, Franklin's phenotype for the coat pattern trait is solid coloring.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich organ is a muscular tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach?\n\n0. small intestine\n1. large intestine\n2. heart\n3. esophagus" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Greenville has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Greenville's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go down.\n1. The supply will probably go up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Greenville. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nMatthew always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.\n\n0. complex\n1. compound-complex\n2. compound\n3. simple" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nMatthew always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the fish traits listed above.\n\n0. Cardinalfish have scaly skin and live near coral reefs. Cardinalfish lay eggs with no shells and have fins that help them swim underwater.\n1. Red salamanders do not have lungs! They can breathe through their moist, smooth skin. Adult red salamanders live near rivers or ponds. They lay eggs with no shells under rocks or logs. The baby red salamanders live underwater." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nFish have the following traits:\nThey have fins, not limbs.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA red salamander has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA red salamander does not have all of the traits of a fish. A red salamander is an amphibian.\nA cardinalfish has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA cardinalfish has the traits of a fish. A cardinalfish is a fish.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nMitch's definitely voting for the Conservative Party in the next election because he said there was no way he was voting for the Labour Party.\n\n0. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n1. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n2. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Mitch is voting either for the candidate from the Conservative Party or the Labour Party. However, Mitch might be voting for a third party—or he might not be voting at all. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nA large amount of soil and rock quickly rolls down a hillside.\n\n0. meteorite crash\n1. landslide\n2. deposition" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Pam investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do scented candles or unscented candles produce more smoke?\n1. Do large candles or small candles produce more smoke?\n2. Do candles with thick wicks or with thin wicks produce more smoke?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Quinn investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a catapult with a longer arm launch a rubber ball farther than a catapult with a shorter arm?\n1. Does a heavier ball travel farther than a lighter ball when launched from a catapult?\n2. Does a rubber ball travel farther when launched from a metal catapult or from a wooden catapult?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an adult alligator?\n\n0. 10 yards\n1. 10 inches\n2. 10 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of an adult alligator is 10 feet.\n10 inches is too short and 10 yards is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a trumpet a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a trumpet is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a trumpet something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a trumpet a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a trumpet is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.\nA vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.\nAn invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the invertebrate.\n\n0. jumping spider\n1. asp viper\n2. sheep\n3. harbor seal" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Like other spiders, a jumping spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.\nA sheep is a mammal. Like other mammals, a sheep is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nAn asp viper is a reptile. Like other reptiles, an asp viper is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nA harbor seal is a mammal. Like other mammals, a harbor seal is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Some words are alike. They go together in a group.\nRed, blue, and green go together. They are colors.\nMom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word is not like the others?\n\n0. desk\n1. shovel\n2. saw\n3. hammer" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Saw, hammer, and shovel go together. They are tools. Desk is not a tool, so it is not like the other words.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich greeting is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Dear Steven,\n1. dear Steven," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second greeting is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Steven is capitalized because it is a proper noun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nDuncan's recent behavior made his parents begin to see his friend Kirk as some sort of Svengali.\n\n0. modern history\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Svengali is literature.\nIn George du Maurier's novel Trilby, Svengali is a hypnotist who exerts such power over the central character that she is suddenly able to sing, which she was unable to do before.\nThe allusion Svengali means a person with an unduly strong influence over someone else.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\nThe stars () in the midnight sky.\n\n0. glistened\n1. danced" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the word danced. It describes the stars as if they were lively, dancing people.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAn avid reader, Mike attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\n\n0. compound-complex\n1. simple\n2. complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nAn avid reader, Mike attends weekly book club meetings, and he finishes several novels every month.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would smell more?\n\n0. soap\n1. icicle" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smelly is a property. A smelly material has a strong smell.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine smelling the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the soap would smell more. Dish soap has a strong smell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]