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QRQA-10009-3-flip
If Milo is part of a larger population then Jerry is, which person's population will experience greater drifting of allele frequencies?
{ "text": [ "Milo", "Jerry" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The smaller a population is, the more allele frequencies may drift.
QRSent-10009
{ "effect_prop": "allele frequencies may drift", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "drifting of allele frequencies", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10140-5
A person that is white will get _____ than an African American person at the beach.
{ "text": [ "less sunburned", "more sunburned" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Light-skinned people get sunburned more quickly than people with darker skin.
QRSent-10140
{ "effect_prop": "sunburns", "cause_dir_str": "light-skinned", "effect_dir_str": "more quickly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "skin color" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "person", "more_effect_prop": "sunburned", "less_effect_prop": "sunburned", "less_cause_dir": "sunburned" }
QRQA-10235-1
The United States manufactured many more products last year than Belize did. This results in _____ producing a higher amount of hazardous waste.
{ "text": [ "Belize", "the United States" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Nations that have more industry produce more hazardous waste.
QRSent-10235
{ "effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "industry" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "Belize", "more_effect_prop": "hazardous waste.", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10176-3
Andy is noticing that all of the waves in the area are higher-frequency waves. Andy can then deduce that these waves have energy that is
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Higher-frequency waves have more energy.
QRSent-10176
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher-frequency", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10317-5
Jeffrey increases the number of carbon atoms to a natural gas hydrocarbon in a lab. The isomers
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As you increase the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon, the number of isomers quickly increases.
QRSent-10317
{ "effect_prop": "number of isomers", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_cause_dir": "isomers" }
QRQA-10189-3
When you use more force to move a car it will
{ "text": [ "move less", "move further" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When two skateboarders push against each other, it causes them to move apart. The harder they push together, the farther apart they move.
QRSent-10189
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "move further", "less_effect_dir": "move less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "car", "less_effect_prop": "car", "less_cause_dir": "car" }
QRQA-10374-3
When people breathe out their chest becomes
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Exhaling, or breathing out, decreases the size of the chest, which increases air pressure inside the lungs.
QRSent-10374
{ "effect_prop": "chest size", "cause_dir_str": "exhaling", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air in lunghs" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "people", "more_effect_prop": "chest", "less_effect_prop": "chest", "less_cause_dir": "chest" }
QRQA-10133-2
Dana draws many field lines on the chart. The field she is representing is likely
{ "text": [ "strong", "weak" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more field lines that are drawn, the stronger the field.
QRSent-10133
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the field", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "field lines drawn" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "strong", "less_effect_dir": "weak", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "field", "less_effect_prop": "field", "less_cause_dir": "field" }
QRQA-10363-4
If a muscle is not exercised, it will become
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Muscles that are exercised are bigger and stronger than muscles that are not exercised.
QRSent-10363
{ "effect_prop": "bigger muscles", "cause_dir_str": "exercised", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercising of muscles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "exercised", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10088-1-flip
If Jim removes resistors from the circuit he is building for his school science project, what will happen to the overall resistance of the circuit?
{ "text": [ "it will increase", "it will decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing the number of resistors in a series circuit increases the overall resistance of the circuit.
QRSent-10088
{ "effect_prop": "overall resistance", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10230-1
In a science class, the professor demonstrates refraction to the class. First, the professor shows a curved lens from a binocular, and then a flat pane of glass, demonstrating that
{ "text": [ "the curved lens refracts more light", "the flat pane refracts more light." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts the light that passes through it.
QRSent-10230
{ "effect_prop": "amount of light the lens refracts", "cause_dir_str": "more curved", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "the curvature of a lense" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "refracts more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "pane of glass", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10264-2
Will launches a rocket off the ground. As the speed of the gas that comes from the boosters increases, the rocket's height reached
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The rocket goes upwards because the hot gases shoot downwards out of the nozzle. The faster the gases go downwards, the faster the rocket goes upwards.
QRSent-10264
{ "effect_prop": "rocket goes upwards", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gases go downwards" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "height", "less_effect_prop": "height", "less_cause_dir": "height" }
QRQA-10217-3
If Ed adds a resistor to the circuit, the resistance will be
{ "text": [ "greater", "lower." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As more resistors are added in series, the total resistance of the circuit increases.
QRSent-10217
{ "effect_prop": "resitances", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10303-2-flip
You would find worse air near a
{ "text": [ "factory", "wooded area." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More pollutants mean poorer air quality.
QRSent-10303
{ "effect_prop": "air quality", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "poorer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pollutants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "worse", "less_cause_prop": "a wooded area", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "air", "less_cause_dir": "air" }
QRQA-10174-1-flip
Kate makes a machine that is very unproductive, and it gets work done slowly, because it uses force in amounts that are
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Machines make work easier by increasing the amount of force that is applied, increasing the distance over which the force is applied, or changing the direction in which the force is applied.
QRSent-10174
{ "effect_prop": "easy", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "easier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "slowly", "less_cause_prop": "force", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "work done", "less_cause_dir": "work done" }
QRQA-10317-5-flip
Jeffrey decreases the number of carbon atoms to a natural gas hydrocarbon in a lab. The isomers
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As you increase the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon, the number of isomers quickly increases.
QRSent-10317
{ "effect_prop": "number of isomers", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "number of carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_cause_dir": "isomers" }
QRQA-10051-1
Ron watches a wave for 10 seconds and notices 10 crests. He watches another wave for 10 seconds and sees 5 crests. Which wave has a greater frequency?
{ "text": [ "10 crests", "5 crests" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests or compressions that pass the point in 1 second or other time period. The higher the number is, the greater is the frequency of the wave.
QRSent-10051
{ "effect_prop": "frequency of the wave", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of crests that pass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "crests", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10235-4
When you have a lot of factories in an area the level of trash will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Nations that have more industry produce more hazardous waste.
QRSent-10235
{ "effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "industry" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "trash", "less_effect_prop": "trash", "less_cause_dir": "trash" }
QRQA-10075-3
Places that are near the middle of earth are generally
{ "text": [ "colder", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Areas near the equator are warmer than areas near the poles because they receive more direct sunlight.
QRSent-10075
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "near", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close to the equator" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "heat", "less_effect_prop": "heat", "less_cause_dir": "heat" }
QRQA-10246-4
A doctor took two urine samples from Kyle, one on Tuesday and one on Wednesday. The Tuesday sample was a darker color than the Wednesday sample, which means that there was more water in
{ "text": [ "the Tuesday sample", "the Wednesday sample." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The darker the urine, the less water it contains.
QRSent-10246
{ "effect_prop": "water", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "darkness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10122-4-flip
Lizzie visited a village where no predator wiped people out. The population got
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
An increase in predators, the emergence of a new disease, or the loss of habitat are just three possible problems that will decrease a population.
QRSent-10122
{ "effect_prop": "Population", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Predators" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "predator", "more_effect_prop": "population", "less_effect_prop": "population", "less_cause_dir": "population" }
QRQA-10125-5-flip
When it gets cold out what happens to our blood flow?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
On a hot day, an endotherm may give off more heat by increasing blood flow to the surface of the body.
QRSent-10125
{ "effect_prop": "blood flow", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "out", "more_effect_prop": "flow", "less_effect_prop": "flow", "less_cause_dir": "flow" }
QRQA-10343-2
Low frequency bass notes have what length wavelengths
{ "text": [ "long", "short" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Longer wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves have higher frequencies.
QRSent-10343
{ "effect_prop": "frequency", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "wavelength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "Low", "less_cause_prop": "wavelengths", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "frequency base notes", "less_cause_dir": "frequency base notes" }
QRQA-10280-2
Ryan noticed that a popular solar panel is _____ expensive than it was.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Solar power is expensive, but as demand increases technology improves and costs decrease.
QRSent-10280
{ "effect_prop": "Cost", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Demand" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "expensive", "less_effect_prop": "expensive", "less_cause_dir": "expensive" }
QRQA-10178-2
Ollie is a rocket scientist and was testing missiles. Better missiles likely result in _____ rockets.
{ "text": [ "worse", "better" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The development of better missiles fostered better rocket technologies.
QRSent-10178
{ "effect_prop": "rocket technologies", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "better", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "missile development" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "better", "less_effect_dir": "worse", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rockets", "less_effect_prop": "rockets", "less_cause_dir": "rockets" }
QRQA-10231-3-flip
David is getting ready to fly into space on a rocket. As the rocket shoots upwards, part of the mass attaches, allowing the rocket to go
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
By using multiple stages, empty fuel containers could drop away. This reduced the mass of the rocket so that it could fly higher.
QRSent-10231
{ "effect_prop": "flying height", "cause_dir_str": "reduced", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rocket", "less_effect_prop": "rocket", "less_cause_dir": "rocket" }
QRQA-10023-1-flip
If Jim climbs to the bottom of a mountain and takes the temperature after taking the temperature at the top of the mountain, which area will he get a higher reading at?
{ "text": [ "top of the mountain", "bottom of the mountain" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The surface is heated by the Sun and some of that heat radiates back into the air. This makes the temperature higher near the surface than at higher altitudes.
QRSent-10023
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "near the surface", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "altitudes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "altitude", "more_effect_prop": "temperature reading", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10015-5-flip
Jeff noticed the food supply changed over time in his city. The destruction of farming machines likely caused the food supply to
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Better farming techniques and machines increased the food supply and the distribution of food.
QRSent-10015
{ "effect_prop": "food supply", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "increased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farming machines" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "farming machines", "more_effect_prop": "food supply", "less_effect_prop": "food supply", "less_cause_dir": "food supply" }
QRQA-10231-1
A rocket should be able to fly higher if its mass were
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
By using multiple stages, empty fuel containers could drop away. This reduced the mass of the rocket so that it could fly higher.
QRSent-10231
{ "effect_prop": "altitude", "cause_dir_str": "reduced", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of the rocket" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "altitude", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10261-3-flip
Lisa is hitting a tennis ball against the wall. As the tennis ball bounces towards the wall and away from her, the magnetic force of attraction between the wall and the ball
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the distance between the objects increases the magnetic force of attraction decreases.
QRSent-10261
{ "effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "wall", "more_effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "less_effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "less_cause_dir": "magnetic force of attraction" }
QRQA-10003-4
When a city expands the distance across the city
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the Universe expands, galaxies move further and further apart.
QRSent-10003
{ "effect_prop": "distance", "cause_dir_str": "expands", "effect_dir_str": "further and further", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "expansion" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "distance", "less_effect_prop": "distance", "less_cause_dir": "distance" }
QRQA-10320-1
If pressure has exerted more force on a rock and increased it's metamorphism, would it be
{ "text": [ "easier to determine what the original rock was", "harder to determine what the original rock was?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more extreme the amount of metamorphism, the more difficult it is to tell what the original rock was.
QRSent-10320
{ "effect_prop": "difficulty in determining what the original rock was", "cause_dir_str": "more extreme", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "the amount of metamorphism" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "easier", "less_effect_dir": "harder", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "determine what the original rock was", "less_effect_prop": "determine what the original rock was", "less_cause_dir": "determine what the original rock was" }
QRQA-10269-2-flip
Derek felt cold as he stood in the shade, and since his body was cooling down, he knew that his blood vessels in his skin were
{ "text": [ "expanding", "contracting" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When your brain senses that your body temperature is increasing, it sends messages to the blood vessels in the skin to increase in diameter.
QRSent-10269
{ "effect_prop": "blood vessel diameter", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "body temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "expanding", "less_effect_dir": "contracting", "less_cause_prop": "body", "more_effect_prop": "blood vessels", "less_effect_prop": "blood vessels", "less_cause_dir": "blood vessels" }
QRQA-10375-3-flip
Tim adjusted his microwave so that it was at a lower frequency. This resulted in the waves inside the microwave to have
{ "text": [ "less energy", "more energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With higher frequencies, the microwaves also have more energy.
QRSent-10375
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequencies" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "frequency", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10116-4
Sally has an electron. Sue has an electron that is closer to the nucleus. Whose electron has lower energy?
{ "text": [ "Sally", "Sue" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Electrons at lower energy levels, which are closer to the nucleus, have less energy.
QRSent-10116
{ "effect_prop": "closer to the nucleus", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy levels electrons" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "closer to the nucleus", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "energy of electron", "more_effect_prop": "electron", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10386-1
Jim is playing with a rubber band by stretching and releasing it. Would he feel more resistance stretching the band to
{ "text": [ "40 cm or", "30 cm" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The farther you stretch the band, the greater the resistance is.
QRSent-10386
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretch" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "stretching the band", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10399-3-flip
If Mona is unpacking coffee into a tin and she continues to remove more coffee, what happens to the density of the coffee inside the tin?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more tightly packed the particles inside the material are, the more dense we say they are.
QRSent-10399
{ "effect_prop": "dense", "cause_dir_str": "more tightly packed", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "tightly packed the particles inside the material" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "coffee", "more_effect_prop": "density", "less_effect_prop": "density", "less_cause_dir": "density" }
QRQA-10320-4-flip
Evan is picking up rocks on the beach. Some rocks are very basic small ones, and others are large, clumpy stones with different textures. The rocks that are less difficult to identify had amounts of metamorphism that were
{ "text": [ "more extreme", "less extreme" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more extreme the amount of metamorphism, the more difficult it is to tell what the original rock was.
QRSent-10320
{ "effect_prop": "difficult to tell what the original rock was", "cause_dir_str": "more extreme", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "extreme the amount of metamorphism" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "difficult to identify", "less_cause_dir": "difficult to identify" }
QRQA-10019-3
An object with little elastic potential energy _____ be easily stretched.
{ "text": [ "will", "won't" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more an elastic object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10019
{ "effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretching of material" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "little", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "elastic potential energy" }
QRQA-10038-2-flip
If you use less force when accelerating a car it will go
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The harder the batter hits the ball, the greater will be its acceleration.
QRSent-10038
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "force", "more_effect_prop": "accelerating", "less_effect_prop": "accelerating", "less_cause_dir": "accelerating" }
QRQA-10140-3-flip
A dark-skinned person will sunburn _____ than a pale person.
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Light-skinned people get sunburned more quickly than people with darker skin.
QRSent-10140
{ "effect_prop": "sunburning", "cause_dir_str": "light-skinned", "effect_dir_str": "more quickly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "skin pigmentation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "skin pigmentation", "more_effect_prop": "sunburn", "less_effect_prop": "sunburn", "less_cause_dir": "sunburn" }
QRQA-10352-1-flip
During a game of tug-o-war, two teams are pulling a rope, the team that will pull the least has people who weigh
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Gravity is a pull which all matter exerts on all other matter, the more mass, the stronger the pull.
QRSent-10352
{ "effect_prop": "pull", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "the least", "less_cause_prop": "people", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "pull", "less_cause_dir": "pull" }
QRQA-10026-1
Causing particles in a longitudinal wave to come together causes the amplitude to
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer together the particles in a longitudinal wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10026
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "proximity of particles in a longitudinal wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "n/a", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10068-2
Jan lives in a great country and she is rich. Compared to another person in a poorer country, Jan will use an amount of energy that is
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
People in the richer nations of the world use far more energy, especially energy from fossil fuels, than people in the poorer nations do.
QRSent-10068
{ "effect_prop": "energy used", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rich people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "country", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10132-3
Polly was out in the sun. She has dark skin. Her skin likely absorbs _____ vitamin D than a light-skinned person.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Pigments in the skin act like a filter that can prevent the skin from making vitamin D. As a result, people with darker skin need more time in the sun than people with lighter skin to make the same amount of vitamin D.
QRSent-10132
{ "effect_prop": "skin making vitamin D", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "prevent", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "darker skin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "skin", "more_effect_prop": "vitamin D", "less_effect_prop": "vitamin D", "less_cause_dir": "vitamin D" }
QRQA-10366-1
Jay's risk of breast cancer is 10% at age 25. What will happen to her risk of breast cancer at age 50?
{ "text": [ "it will decrease", "it will increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Breast cancer is rare in teens but becomes more common as females get older.
QRSent-10366
{ "effect_prop": "risk of cancer", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "risk of breast cancer", "less_effect_prop": "risk of breast cancer", "less_cause_dir": "risk of breast cancer" }
QRQA-10022-2-flip
Ann and Bob were both farmers. Ann lived in a colder climate while Bob lived in a warmer climate. When they compared notes they found that the number of crops they could successfully grow was different. Who's farm would be able to grow more types of crops?
{ "text": [ "Bob", "Ann" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The warmer a climate is, the more types of vegetation it will have and the greater the rate of biological weathering.
QRSent-10022
{ "effect_prop": "types of vegetation", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warmer a climate" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "climate", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10348-2-flip
A genotype with good fitness will likely produce _____ offspring than a more fit one.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Genotypes with greater fitness produce more offspring and pass more copies of their alleles to the next generation.
QRSent-10348
{ "effect_prop": "offspring", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fitness of genotypes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "fitness", "less_effect_prop": "fitness", "less_cause_dir": "fitness" }
QRQA-10312-3
Eric adds more resistors to the series circuit. The resistance
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a series circuit, the resistance increases as more resistors are added in series.
QRSent-10312
{ "effect_prop": "resistors added in series", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistance in a series circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more resistors", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "resistance", "more_effect_prop": "series circuit", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10083-3-flip
Will was pulling some magnets apart. When is the electrostatic force the lowest?
{ "text": [ "when the magnets are close", "when the magnets are far" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer the charged objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force.
QRSent-10083
{ "effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lowest", "less_cause_prop": "magnets", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_cause_dir": "electrostatic force" }
QRQA-10117-1-flip
When in the stratosphere, Dean can tell that the temperature is getting cooler as the altitude he is at
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, the temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10117
{ "effect_prop": "altitude", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "altitude", "less_effect_prop": "altitude", "less_cause_dir": "altitude" }
QRQA-10053-1
Henry noticed that his piece of cake was heavier than his piece of butter. The cake was _____ dense.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A given volume of a denser substance is heavier than the same volume of a less dense substance.
QRSent-10053
{ "effect_prop": "Dense", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "denser", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Heavy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10145-4
Donna wants to have her water molecules move faster through transpiration, so she will make the temperature
{ "text": [ "cooler", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In transipration, at warmer temperatures water molecules move faster, and the rate of evaporation from stomata is therefore much faster.
QRSent-10145
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warmth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "molecules", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10104-4-flip
John was watching the planets rotate around the sun. He noticed that was the distance between the sun and earth is higher, the speed of Earth is
{ "text": [ "Higher", "Lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The Earth travels faster in its elliptical orbit when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther away.
QRSent-10104
{ "effect_prop": "distance", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "spped", "more_effect_prop": "distance between the sun and earth", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10046-2
Would a big star be
{ "text": [ "hotter", "colder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bigger stars produce more energy, so their surfaces are hotter.
QRSent-10046
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "star size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "hotter", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "star", "less_effect_prop": "star", "less_cause_dir": "star" }
QRQA-10400-1
If Jim raises the temperature of the air inside his balloon, will his balloon rise higher into the air or sink towards the ground?
{ "text": [ "rise higher", "sink lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Warm air is less dense than cool air, so it rises higher in the troposphere.
QRSent-10400
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "warm", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "lower", "less_effect_dir": "higher", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "sink", "less_effect_prop": "rise", "less_cause_dir": "rise" }
QRQA-10051-2-flip
As waves get larger the frequency of them
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests or compressions that pass the point in 1 second or other time period. The higher the number is, the greater is the frequency of the wave.
QRSent-10051
{ "effect_prop": "frequency", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10356-4
Tony is laying cable that is 1 inch in diameter, while Rita lays cable that is 0.1 inches in diameter. Who's cable offers more resistance?
{ "text": [ "Tony", "Rita" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Thicker resistors offer less resistance than thinner resistors.
QRSent-10356
{ "effect_prop": "resistance available", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistor thickness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "diameter", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10058-1-flip
If there are fewer bacteria with the right mutation, will the occurrence of the mutation become
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bacteria with a mutation the helps resist antibiotics increase in numbers, so the mutation becomes more common.
QRSent-10058
{ "effect_prop": "commonness of the mutation", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "bacteria with the right mutation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "bacteria with the right mutation", "more_effect_prop": "occurrence of the mutation", "less_effect_prop": "occurrence of the mutation", "less_cause_dir": "occurrence of the mutation" }
QRQA-10034-5
Adam had a moderate voice as a child, but as his larynx grew larger with age, his voice got
{ "text": [ "higher", "deeper" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The voice becomes deeper as the larynx in the throat grows larger.
QRSent-10034
{ "effect_prop": "large larynx", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "larger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deep voice" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "voice", "more_effect_prop": "larynx", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10187-2
John was looking at the ocean water and made a great observation. The water nearer the shores had an amount of nutrients that was
{ "text": [ "Greater", "Lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Therefore, water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10187
{ "effect_prop": "nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "nearer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amount of nutrients", "less_effect_prop": "amount of nutrients", "less_cause_dir": "amount of nutrients" }
QRQA-10182-3
If an acid is weak, it's concentration of ions will be
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A stronger acid produces a greater concentration of ions than a weaker acid.
QRSent-10182
{ "effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "acid" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "acid", "more_effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "less_effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "less_cause_dir": "concentration of ions" }
QRQA-10153-3
If Milo is experimenting in his lab and he increases the temperature in the room, what happens to the energy of the particles in that room?
{ "text": [ "it increases", "it decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster.
QRSent-10153
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy of particles", "less_effect_prop": "energy of particles", "less_cause_dir": "energy of particles" }
QRQA-10392-3
When Dave screams outside he notices that the sound travels at different speeds in different temperatures. The sound travels faster when it is
{ "text": [ "cold.", "hot" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For a given medium, sound has a slower speed at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10392
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperatures", "more_effect_prop": "sound travels", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10116-2-flip
Mona is measuring electrons and their energy levels for a school science project. Some electrons are closer to the nucleus compared to others. Do closer electrons or electrons that are further away have less energy?
{ "text": [ "closer", "further away" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Electrons at lower energy levels, which are closer to the nucleus, have less energy.
QRSent-10116
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "closer to the nucleus" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "nucleus", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10245-4
The pulling force of a rubber band will _____ when you move your hands apart.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The farther apart you move your hands, the stronger the force of the rubber band pulling your hands together.
QRSent-10245
{ "effect_prop": "pulling force of the rubber band", "cause_dir_str": "farther apart", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between hands" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pulling force of a rubber band", "less_effect_prop": "pulling force of a rubber band", "less_cause_dir": "pulling force of a rubber band" }
QRQA-10156-5
When someone gets older what happens to their heart
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The older a person is, the greater their chance of developing a cardiovascular disease.
QRSent-10156
{ "effect_prop": "cardiovascular disease", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "heart", "less_effect_prop": "heart", "less_cause_dir": "heart" }
QRQA-10233-4-flip
If we bring two small magnets next to each other they will have _____ force than two large magnets.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer objects are to each other, the stronger the gravitational force between them.
QRSent-10233
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "two small magnets", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10260-2
When a car is going fast it has
{ "text": [ "low energy", "high energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Faster-moving water has more energy.
QRSent-10260
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10131-4
Mike is looking at two cars to buy. The first car, a Toyota, uses twice as much oil and fossil fuels to run, compared to the Kia he is looking at. If Mike wants to buy the car that causes less pollution, he should buy the
{ "text": [ "Toyota", "Kia" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Greater use of oil and other fossil fuels causes more pollution.
QRSent-10131
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "use of oil and other fossil fuels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less pollution", "less_cause_prop": "Kia", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "car", "less_cause_dir": "car" }
QRQA-10112-2-flip
Mona is excavating a deep tunnel as part of an exploratory committee. As she travels upwards back from the Earth, what can she expect will happen to the temperature?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Temperature increases with depth inside the Earth, so melting of rocks is more likely to occur at greater depths.
QRSent-10112
{ "effect_prop": "Temperature", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth inside the Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "Earth", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10085-3-flip
If a wire were to be doubled in length, it would have _____ resistance than the original length wire.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Longer wires have more resistance than shorter wires.
QRSent-10085
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wire length" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "length", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10017-1-flip
If Jim decreases the frequency of the radio waves on his shortwave radio, will the radio use
{ "text": [ "less energy?", "more or" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In electromagnetic waves with higher frequencies, photons have more energy.
QRSent-10017
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequencies" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "frequency", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10323-5-flip
If Milo decreases the heat he applies to a resistor, what happens to the resistance?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The hotter a resistor becomes the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10323
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hotter a resistor" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "heat", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10136-2-flip
Jeff removes energy from his water. The water becomes more
{ "text": [ "cold", "hot" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The temperature of matter increases with the added energy.
QRSent-10136
{ "effect_prop": "added energy", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "added", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "matter temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "removes", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy from his water", "less_cause_dir": "energy from his water" }
QRQA-10323-5
If Milo increases the heat he applies to a resistor, what happens to the resistance?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The hotter a resistor becomes the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10323
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hotter a resistor" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10061-2
Alan saw Venus through his old telescope. He then looked through his bigger, better telescope. Venus likely appears brighter through the
{ "text": [ "smaller telescope", "bigger telescope" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger telescopes can collect more light.
QRSent-10061
{ "effect_prop": "collect light", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "telescopes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "brighter", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Venus", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10313-4
Eric adds gas to a 20ml container and Rita adds gas to a 10ml container. Which container holds more gas particles?
{ "text": [ "Rita", "Eric" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In the larger container we will still have the same number of gas particles, but now they are filling a much larger space.
QRSent-10313
{ "effect_prop": "number of gas particles", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "container" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "container", "more_effect_prop": "gas particles", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10063-4-flip
Dean is trying to get a wavelength that has less energy, so Dean will have his wavelength produce waves that are
{ "text": [ "shorter", "longer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Waves with shorter wavelengths have more energy.
QRSent-10063
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "long wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10059-3-flip
A main sequence star that is very bright is not among the _____ stars
{ "text": [ "hottest", "coolest" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The hotter a main sequence star is, the brighter it is.
QRSent-10059
{ "effect_prop": "brightness", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "brighter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of a main sequence star" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "very bright", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "stars", "more_effect_prop": "star", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10305-4
If we find something with a high pH value that is likely to be
{ "text": [ "acidic", "basic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the pH value is, the stronger the base.
QRSent-10305
{ "effect_prop": "basic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10312-2-flip
Derek subtracts several resistors from his project within his series circuit, so therefore, within the series circuit, the resistance will have
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In a series circuit, the resistance increases as more resistors are added in series.
QRSent-10312
{ "effect_prop": "resistors", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "subtracts from", "less_cause_prop": "circuit resistance", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistors series", "less_cause_dir": "resistors series" }
QRQA-10327-5
Tim has a quark and pulls it farther away from Rob, who also has a quark. What happens to the attraction force between the quarks?
{ "text": [ "it increases", "it decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Gluons make quarks attract each other more strongly the farther apart the quarks get.
QRSent-10327
{ "effect_prop": "attraction of quarks", "cause_dir_str": "farther apart", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between quarks" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "attraction force between the quarks", "less_effect_prop": "attraction force between the quarks", "less_cause_dir": "attraction force between the quarks" }
QRQA-10259-4-flip
Tina had a large rock on the beach. Rich had a large rock 10 miles inland. The person with the rock that has less effect on the tides is
{ "text": [ "Rich", "Tina" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The Moon has a greater effect on the tides because, although it is much smaller than the Sun, it is much closer.
QRSent-10259
{ "effect_prop": "effect on the tides", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to tides" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less effect", "less_cause_prop": "large rock", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "tides", "less_cause_dir": "tides" }
QRQA-10302-2-flip
A smaller alkenes will melt _____ than a smaller one.
{ "text": [ "sooner", "later" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10302
{ "effect_prop": "melting point", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Bigger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Alkenes", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10261-4-flip
If Mona is holding a toy truck and a toy car a certain distance away from each other and she then moves the two objects closer together, which happens to the magnetic force of attraction between the two objects?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the distance between the objects increases the magnetic force of attraction decreases.
QRSent-10261
{ "effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "two objects", "more_effect_prop": "magnetic force of attractionmagnetic force of attraction", "less_effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "less_cause_dir": "magnetic force of attraction" }
QRQA-10213-1
What will happen to the functionality of a structure if Jim increases the surface area of it?
{ "text": [ "functionality increases", "functionality decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In Life Sciences it is important to note that whenever a structure has an increased surface area, there is an increase in the functioning of that structure.
QRSent-10213
{ "effect_prop": "functionality", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "functionality", "less_effect_prop": "functionality", "less_cause_dir": "functionality" }
QRQA-10177-5
Eric has a hydrocarbon with 20 carbon atoms. Rita has a hydrocarbon with 35 carbon atoms. Whose hydrocarbon has more isomers?
{ "text": [ "Eric", "Rita" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more carbon atoms a hydrocarbon has, the greater the number of isomers.
QRSent-10177
{ "effect_prop": "number of isomers", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms a hydrocarbon has" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10396-2-flip
If Jim lowers carbon dioxide to the ocean, the level of acidity in the ocean becomes
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With higher levels of dissolved carbon dioxide in ocean water, the water becomes more acidic.
QRSent-10396
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon dioxide in ocean water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "carbon dioxide", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }
QRQA-10041-5
Don sees wavelengths using a spectrometer. A wavelength that is very short likely has a _____ frequency compared to a longer one.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Because all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through space, a wave with a shorter wavelength must have a higher frequency, and vice versa.
QRSent-10041
{ "effect_prop": "wavelengths", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "shorter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "frequencies of wavelength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "very short", "less_cause_prop": "frequency", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "wavelength", "less_cause_dir": "wavelength" }
QRQA-10315-1
If the population of India were to double, their people should expect to have _____ food available.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease.
QRSent-10315
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "food", "less_effect_prop": "food", "less_cause_dir": "food" }
QRQA-10237-1-flip
Joe noticed that the humidity inside the greenhouse was getting very low, so he turned the sprinklers on to make it more humid. Thus, when the water potential gradient across the inside and outside of the leaf becomes equal, the rate of transpiration will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As humidity increases, the water potential gradient across the inside and outside the leaf become more equal, and so the rate of transpiration decreases.
QRSent-10237
{ "effect_prop": "rate of transpiration", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "humidity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "the greenhouse", "more_effect_prop": "rate of transpiration", "less_effect_prop": "rate of transpiration", "less_cause_dir": "rate of transpiration" }
QRQA-10208-4
John was watching the particle accelerator and made an observation. The greater an objects mass and velocity, the kinetic energy was
{ "text": [ "Greater", "Less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy.
QRSent-10208
{ "effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Greater", "less_effect_dir": "Less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_cause_dir": "kinetic energy" }
QRQA-10194-2
Christy is in lab measuring the pH values of some substances. The first substance she measures has a pH value of 8. The second substance has a pH value of 9. Compared to the first, the second substance can be said to be _____ basic.
{ "text": [ "less.", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bases have pH values above 7. The higher the pH value, the more strongly basic the substance.
QRSent-10194
{ "effect_prop": "basic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH values" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "pH", "more_effect_prop": "basic", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10128-2
A stream going down a mountain will have to do _____ cutting.
{ "text": [ "much", "little" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In erosion, the higher the elevation, the farther the stream is from where it will reach base level and the more cutting it has to do.
QRSent-10128
{ "effect_prop": "cutting the stream must do to reach base level", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "much", "less_effect_dir": "little", "less_cause_prop": "mountain", "more_effect_prop": "cutting", "less_effect_prop": "cutting", "less_cause_dir": "cutting" }
QRQA-10093-3
Waves that come in very fast to the shores have
{ "text": [ "more energy", "less energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Higher frequency waves have greater energy.
QRSent-10093
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more energy", "less_effect_dir": "less energy", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10359-2-flip
If current decreases, that means resistance is
{ "text": [ "increasing", "decreasing" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When we add resistors in parallel to each other the total resistance decreases and the current increases.
QRSent-10359
{ "effect_prop": "current", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "resistance", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "current", "less_cause_dir": "current" }
QRQA-10279-1-flip
Two small planets are near each other, and two large planets are near each other. The smaller planets, compared to the larger planets will have a gravitational pull that is
{ "text": [ "weaker", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The greater the mass of the objects, the stronger the gravitational pull between them.
QRSent-10279
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "planets", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational pull" }
QRQA-10190-4-flip
Dane is dropping bouncy balls out of windows. He drops a green ball out of the first story window, then a red ball out of the second story window. The ball with the least potential energy is the
{ "text": [ "red ball", "green ball" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
So the higher an object is above a surface, the more potential energy it has.
QRSent-10190
{ "effect_prop": "potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "height" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "least", "less_cause_prop": "window", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "potential energy" }
QRQA-10393-4-flip
Derek is noting how close particles are, and sees that they are very far apart. Since the particles are so far apart, the amplitude of the wave will be
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer together the particles are, the greater the amplitude of the wave.
QRSent-10393
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude of wave", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude of the wave", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude of the wave", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude of the wave" }