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While the north-east, midwest and upper great plains have experienced a 30% increase in heavy rainfall episodes – considered once-in-every-five year downpours – parts of the west, particularly California, have been parched by drought.

By August 2014, a three-year drought was prompting changes to the agriculture industry in the valley.

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San Joaquin Valley

"Unquestionably, the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was formed to build the scientific case for humanity being the primary cause of global warming.

In it, the IUGG concurs with the "comprehensive and widely accepted and endorsed scientific assessments carried out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and regional and national bodies, which have firmly established, on the basis of scientific evidence, that human activities are the primary cause of recent climate change".

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Scientific consensus on climate change

More than half of the 44 studies selected for publication found that raised levels of CO2 had little or no impact on marine life, including crabs, limpets, sea urchins and sponges

This increase in acidity inhibits all marine life – having a greater impact on smaller organisms as well as shelled organisms (see scallops).

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contradiction

Petroleum

Climate Change ‘Heat Records’ Are a Huge Data Manipulation

In February 2019, The Western Journal published an article which alleged "Climate Change ‘Heat Records’ Are a Huge Data Manipulation."

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entailment

The Western Journal

“[…]The impact on calcification, metabolism, growth, fertility and survival of calcifying marine species when pH is lowered up to 0.3 units […] is beneficial, not damaging.

It is expected to drop by a further 0.3 to 0.5 pH units (an additional doubling to tripling of today's post-industrial acid concentrations) by 2100 as the oceans absorb more anthropogenic CO 2, the impacts being most severe for coral reefs and the Southern Ocean.

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neutral

Ocean acidification

Tony Abbott the Opposition must respect the Government's mandate to overturn the carbon tax.

On the first day of the new Parliament, Abbott introduced legislation into Parliament to repeal the Carbon Tax, and commenced Operation Sovereign Borders, the Coalition's policy to stop illegal maritime arrivals, which received strong public support.

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neutral

Tony Abbott

Overall, about 90% of the global warming occurs after the CO2 increase.

Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

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neutral

Carbon dioxide

[Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

Costs of production from coal fired plants built in "the 1970s and 1980s" are cheaper than renewable energy sources because of depreciation.

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Wind power

A cold day in Chicago in winter has nothing to do with the trend of global warming.

In it was the prediction that on our current course the planet will warm a disastrous seven degrees Fahrenheit (or about 3.9 degrees Celsius) by the end of this century.

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neutral

Climate change in the United States

Goklany has argued that the rising level of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere ‘is currently net beneficial for both humanity and the biosphere generally.”

Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.

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neutral

Carbon dioxide

In fact, the global melt rate has been accelerating since the mid-1970s.

This acceleration is due mostly to human-caused global warming, which is driving thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers.

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neutral

Sea level rise

We didn't have global warming during the Industrial Revolution

Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, and nitrous oxide.

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neutral

Global warming

Their analysis calculates the existential climate-related security risk to Earth through a scenario set 30 years into the future.

They analyze the past 30 years of environmentalism and the different outcomes that the green movement has taken in different state contexts and cultures.

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neutral

Environmental sociology

If every nation agrees to limit CO2 emissions, we can achieve significant cuts on a global scale.

Cost-effective 2 °C scenarios project annual global greenhouse gas emissions to peak before the year 2020, with deep cuts in emissions thereafter, leading to a reduction in 2050 of 41% compared to 1990 levels.

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neutral

Climate change mitigation

There are about 120,000 solar energy jobs in the United States, but only 1,700 of them are in Georgia.

[clarification needed] Solar jobs have more than doubled in the United States over the last decade growing 153% since 2010 to 242,343 workers directly employed by the industry.

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contradiction

Solar power in the United States

Our evolving dynamic planet has survived sea level changes of hundreds of metres

Earth's hydrosphere consists chiefly of the oceans, but technically includes all water surfaces in the world, including inland seas, lakes, rivers, and underground waters down to a depth of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) The deepest underwater location is Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean, having a depth of 10,900 metres (6.8 mi).

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neutral

Marine life

Until last June, most scientists acknowledged that warming reached a peak in the late 1990s

The use of proxy indicators to get quantitative estimates of the temperature record of past centuries was developed from the 1990s onwards, and found indications that recent warming was exceptional.

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Hockey stick controversy

Water vapor helps trap heat, and is a far the strongest of the major greenhouse gases, contributing 36–72 percent of the greenhouse effect.

Water vapor is the most potent greenhouse gas owing to the presence of the hydroxyl bond which strongly absorbs in the infra-red region of the light spectrum.

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Water vapor

Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century.

For example, based on projections made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and results from the United Kingdom Hadley Centre's climate model (HadCM2), a model that accounts for both greenhouse gases and aerosols, by 2100 temperatures in Idaho could increase by 5 °F (2.8 °C) (with a range of 2-9 °F) in winter and summer and 4 °F (2.2 °C) (with a range of 2-7 °F) in spring and fall.

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neutral

Climate change in the United States

Polar bear numbers are increasing.

In two areas where harvest levels have been increased based on increased sightings, science-based studies have indicated declining populations, and a third area is considered data-deficient.

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contradiction

Polar bear

So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree of total warming might be caused by greenhouse gases.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said the likelihood was 90 percent to 99 percent that emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, spewed from tailpipes and smokestacks, were the dominant cause of the observed warming of the last 50 years.

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Scientific consensus on climate change

Australia’s signed a suicide note [with the Paris Accord] yet didn’t seem to notice that China, India, Indonesia and the US did not commit to reducing their large carbon dioxide emissions.

"U.S. and China announce steps to join the Paris accord that set nation-by-nation targets for cutting carbon emissions".

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contradiction

Paris Agreement

The planet’s average ground temperature has risen by around 1.62F (0.9C)

Without this heat-retention effect, the average surface temperature would be −18 °C (0 °F), in contrast to the current +15 °C (59 °F), and life on Earth probably would not exist in its current form.

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neutral

Earth

Pluto's climate change over the last 14 years is likely a seasonal event.

"Evidence for methane escape and strong seasonal and dynamical perturbations of Neptune's atmospheric temperatures".

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neutral

Neptune

That model predicted that global temperature between 1988 and 1997 would rise by 0.45°C (Figure 1).

Over the same time period, the "likely" range (greater than 66% probability, based on expert judgement) for these scenarios was for a global mean temperature increase of 1.1 to 6.4 °C.

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neutral

General circulation model

According to the study, as carbon levels have risen, the cold air at high altitudes over the tropics has actually grown colder.

The tropopause is an inversion layer, where the air temperature ceases to decrease with height and remains constant through its thickness.

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neutral

Troposphere

Pluto's climate change over the last 14 years is likely a seasonal event.

The long orbital period of Neptune results in seasons lasting forty years.

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entailment

Neptune

Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory

CO 2 is a heat-trapping greenhouse gas which causes global warming, which damages the environment and human health.

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neutral

Carbon tax

Sea ice continued its declining trend, both in the Arctic and Antarctic.

Polar Discovery "Continued Sea Ice Decline in 2005".

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entailment

Arctic Ocean

Since the mid 1970s, global temperatures have been warming at around 0.2 degrees Celsius per decade.

For 1979 to 2012, the linear warming trend for combined land and sea temperatures has been 0.155 °C (0.122 to 0.188 °C) per decade, according to AR5.

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neutral

Instrumental temperature record

Maximum warming occurs over the surface during winter while less surface warming is found in summer when heat is being used to melt sea ice.

In the Arctic, the area of ocean covered by sea ice increases over winter from a minimum in September to a maximum in March or sometimes February, before melting over the summer.

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neutral

Sea ice

as continents rise after the overlying ice has melted

As the water passes through the bottom, it continues to drop in temperature; since it is highly pressurized at this point, the melting temperature is suppressed and the water becomes supercooled as it melts surrounding ice.

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neutral

Overdeepening

Unlike the simple example of positive feedback we learned in high school, the increase from every round of feedback gets smaller and smaller, in the case of the enhanced greenhouse effect.

Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.

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neutral

Climate change feedback

Globally averaged thermometers show two periods of warming since 1900: a half-degree from natural causes in the first half of the 20th century, before there was an increase in industrial carbon dioxide that was enough to produce it, and another half-degree in the last quarter of the century.

One argument is that of global warming occurring due to human-caused emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels.

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neutral

20th century

Small amounts of very active substances can cause large effects.

In the upper range of recreational ethanol concentrations of 20 to 50 mM, depression of the central nervous system is more marked, with effects including complete drunkenness, profound sedation, amnesia, emesis, hypnosis, and eventually unconsciousness.

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contradiction

Alcohol (drug)

The tax-payer funded National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has become mired in fresh global warming data scandal involving numbers for the Great Lakes region that substantially ramp up averages."

In 2013, NOAA closed 600 weather stations.

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neutral

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

“We almost take forests as a given but we lose forest every year, which means we are diminishing them as a carbon sink.

From the perspective of the developing world, the benefits of forest as carbon sinks or biodiversity reserves go primarily to richer developed nations and there is insufficient compensation for these services.

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neutral

Deforestation

IPCC were wrong about Himalayan glaciers

The report has also been criticized for inclusion of an erroneous date for the projected demise of the Himalayan glaciers.

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IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

Climate scientists have predicted global temperatures would increase more than one degree Celsius by 2020," but observed temperatures have been only half as high.

The Earth's average surface temperature has increased by 1.5 °F (0.83 °C) since 1880.

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neutral

Climate change and agriculture

An area of coastal ecosystems larger than New York City is destroyed every year, removing an important buffer from extreme weather for coastal communities and releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

For example, through the early-mid Eocene volcanic outgassing, the oxidation of methane stored in wetlands, and seafloor gases increased atmospheric CO2 (carbon dioxide) concentrations to levels as high as 3500 ppm.

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Ecology

Tree-ring proxy reconstructions are reliable before 1960, tracking closely with the instrumental record and other independent proxies.

Individual proxy records, such as tree ring widths and densities used in dendroclimatology, are calibrated against the instrumental record for the period of overlap.

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neutral

Temperature record of the past 1000 years

“[…]The impact on calcification, metabolism, growth, fertility and survival of calcifying marine species when pH is lowered up to 0.3 units […] is beneficial, not damaging.

Although the natural absorption of CO 2 by the world's oceans helps mitigate the climatic effects of anthropogenic emissions of CO 2, it is believed that the resulting decrease in pH will have negative consequences, primarily for oceanic calcifying organisms.

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neutral

Ocean acidification

The global trend is calculated from hundreds of CO2 measuring stations and confirmed by satellites.

The brightening trend is corroborated by other data, including satellite analyses.

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neutral

Global dimming

Freedom of Information (FOI) requests were ignored

la Repubblica said that its FOI requests had been hindered and delayed in all jurisdictions.

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Julian Assange

“The worldwide temperature record has been changed.

An examination of the average global temperature changes by decades reveals continuing climate change, and AR5 reports "Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth's surface than any preceding decade since 1850 (see Figure SPM.1).

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Instrumental temperature record

Ever since 2012, scientists have been debating a complex and frankly explosive idea about how a warming planet will alter our weather — one that, if it’s correct, would have profound implications across the Northern Hemisphere and especially in its middle latitudes

Problems of global warming, climate change, and their various negative impacts on human life and on the functioning of entire societies are one of the most dramatic challenges of modern times.

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entailment

Scientific consensus on climate change

Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world — including in the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska and Africa.

Mountain glaciers are widespread, especially in the Andes, the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains, the Caucasus, Scandinavian mountains, and the Alps.

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neutral

Glacier

Sea level rise could reach six or seven feet by the year 2100.

In high emission scenario, it will be 34 cm by 2050 and 111 cm by 2100.

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neutral

Sea level rise

That drop in temperature came after what was described in the National Geographic as 'six decades of abnormal warmth'."

"The next five years will be 'anomalously warm,' scientists predict".

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neutral

Global warming

Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.".

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neutral

Global warming

We’ll still be facing extreme heat, but at a far more manageable level than if we’d done nothing to halt climate change.

Climate change is predicted to increase frequency and magnitude of natural hazards such as extreme heat.

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Climate change and gender

“The global reef crisis does not necessarily mean extinction for coral species.

"One-Third of Reef-Building Corals Face Elevated Extinction Risk from Climate Change and Local Impacts".

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neutral

Conservation biology

'Our harmless emissions of trifling quantities of carbon dioxide cannot possibly acidify the oceans.

These rising levels of carbon dioxide are acidifying the oceans.

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contradiction

Marine pollution

The sun was so intense, it took the mercury up to in excess of 120°F as it topped out at 122.4 °F (50.2°C).

The surface temperature of Mercury ranges from 100 to 700 K (−173 to 427 °C; −280 to 800 °F) at the most extreme places: 0°N, 0°W, or 180°W.

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neutral

Mercury (planet)

No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the contrary.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.

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neutral

Global warming

Pluto experiences drastic season changes due to an elliptical orbit (that takes 250 Earth years).

It has a moderately eccentric and inclined orbit during which it ranges from 30 to 49 astronomical units or AU (4.4–7.4 billion km) from the Sun.

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neutral

Pluto

Different areas of science are understood with varying degrees of certainty.

Aristotle maintained that man knows a thing scientifically "when he possesses a conviction arrived at in a certain way, and when the first principles on which that conviction rests are known to him with certainty".

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neutral

Science

temperatures were 6-10C above normal over most of France, Germany and northern Spain during the final days of the month, according to C3S.

Temperatures can be 4 °C (7 °F) higher in the city than in the surrounding areas.

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neutral

Berlin

Yet, according to NASA, only one temperature sensing station is necessary for the two cities and the vast area between them to be adequately represented in their network.”

They concluded that global mean temperatures can be determined even though meteorological stations are typically in the Northern hemisphere and confined to continental regions.

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neutral

James Hansen

Trudeau's carbon tax will raise gas prices by 11 cents/litre.

The tax rate for gasoline is $CDN0.008 per liter, or about $3.50 per tonne of CO 2 equivalent.

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neutral

Carbon tax

The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

The scientific consensus as of 2013[update], as stated in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, is that it "is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century".

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entailment

Global warming

an individual heatwave triggering coral bleaching cannot be linked to global warming as the process triggering an individual heatwave is fundamentally different from that triggering global warming

Similar rapid adaption may protect coral reefs from global warming.

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neutral

Coral reef

It’s not carbon dioxide, it’s not methane… Scientists estimate that somewhere between 75% and 90% of Earth greenhouse effect is caused by water vapor in clouds.”

The largest human influence has been the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

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neutral

Global warming

Big rooftop solar's plan forces Nevada families who don't have solar panels to pay higher power bills to subsidize rooftop solar.

A 2014 report funded by the Institute for Electric Innovation claims that net metering in California produces excessively large subsidies for typical residential rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) facilities.

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neutral

Net metering

"I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)

Perry was re-elected to a second full term in office, winning 39% of the vote to Bell's 30%, Strayhorn's 18% and Friedman's 12%.

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entailment

2006 Texas gubernatorial election

If the same eruptions had happened near the more recent end of the dataset, they could have pushed the overall trend into negative numbers, or a long-term cooling,’ Christy said.”

The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue into the Cenozoic Era.

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neutral

Phanerozoic

They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

A wide variety of temperature proxies together prove that the 20th century was the hottest recorded in the last 2,000 years.

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entailment

Effects of global warming

Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

The Moon may have dramatically affected the development of life by moderating the planet's climate.

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neutral

Earth

Because the collapse of vulnerable parts of the ice sheet could raise the sea level dramatically, the continued existence of the world’s great coastal cities — Miami, New York, Shanghai and many more — is tied to Antarctica’s fate.

A rapid collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet could raise sea level by 3.3 metres (11 ft).

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entailment

Sea level rise

We know the Northwest Passage had been open before."

In 1602, George Weymouth became the first European to explore what would later be called Hudson Strait when he sailed Discovery 300 nautical miles (560 km) into the Strait.

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neutral

Northwest Passage

Monsoons in China fail, the great rivers of Asia virtually dry up, and rainfall in central America falls by half.

Over three-quarters of annual rainfall in Northern Australia falls during this time.

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neutral

Monsoon

Extreme weather events are being made more frequent and worse by global warming.

Climate change caused by human activities that emit greenhouse gases into the air is expected to affect the frequency of extreme weather events such as drought, extreme temperatures, flooding, high winds, and severe storms.

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entailment

Weather

Multiple lines of independent evidence indicate humidity is rising and provides positive feedback.

Self-verification is the drive to reinforce the existing self-image and self-enhancement is the drive to seek positive feedback.

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neutral

Confirmation bias

The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "there is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere".

There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere and disruption of the Earth's climate.

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entailment

Climate change denial

"The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a temperature pattern in the Pacific Ocean that spends roughly 20-30 years in the cool phase or the warm phase.

During a "warm", or "positive", phase, the west Pacific becomes cooler and part of the eastern ocean warms; during a "cool" or "negative" phase, the opposite pattern occurs.

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neutral

Pacific decadal oscillation

Top Scientist Hal Lewis Resigns Over Climate Change Corruption

"President Obama Honors Nation's Top Scientists and Innovators".

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neutral

Arthur D. Levinson

A global network of 500 scientists and professionals has prepared this urgent message.

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is an international synthesis by over 1000 of the world's leading biological scientists that analyzes the state of the Earth's ecosystems and provides summaries and guidelines for decision-makers.

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neutral

Sustainability

But [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey—and the recent history of tropical cyclones worldwide—suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

"Storm Harvey: impacts likely worsened due to global warming".

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entailment

Hurricane Harvey

Jupiter's climate change is due to shifts in internal turbulence fueled from an internal heat source - the planet radiates twice as much energy as it receives from the sun.

As with Uranus, the source of this heating is unknown, but the discrepancy is larger: Uranus only radiates 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun; whereas Neptune radiates about 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun.

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neutral

Neptune

195 countries signed the 2015 Paris Agreement, agreeing to limit global warming and adapt to climate change, partly by protecting nature.

In 2015, all (then) 196 parties to the convention came together for the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris 30 November - 12 December and adopted by consensus the Paris Agreement, aimed at limiting global warming to less than two degrees Celsius, and pursue efforts to limit the rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

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entailment

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

The final amount of extra CO2 that remains in the atmosphere stays there on a time scale of centuries.

Atmospheric CO2 has risen over the last 150 years to current levels of over 390 ppmv, from the 180 – 300 ppmv of the prior 800 thousand years This rise in temperature has reduced the Arctic ice cap to 1,100,000 sq mi (2,800,000 km2),[citation needed] smaller than ever recorded.

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entailment

Petroleum

Hundreds of flowers across the UK are flowering earlier now than any time in 250 years.

26 April 2008.

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neutral

Cherry blossom

Under the most ambitious scenarios, they found a strong likelihood that Antarctica would remain fairly stable.”

The sheet has been of recent concern because of the small possibility of its collapse.

REFUTES

contradiction

Antarctica

It seems scientists have noticed recently that quite a few planets in our solar system seem to be heating up a bit, including Pluto."

The four largest, Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa, show similarities to the terrestrial planets, such as volcanism and internal heating.

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neutral

Solar System

'Gore claims the snowcap atop Africa's Mt. Kilimanjaro is shrinking and that global warming is to blame.

"The Shrinking Glaciers of Kilimanjaro: Can Global Warming Be Blamed?".

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neutral

Retreat of glaciers since 1850

"The solar system oscillates with a 60-year cycle due to the Jupiter/Saturn three-synodic cycle and to a Jupiter/Saturn beat tidal cycle...

"Modeling the 5 : 2 Mean-Motion Resonance in the Jupiter-Saturn Planetary System".

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neutral

Saturn

“In 2013 the level of U.S. farm output was about 2.7 times its 1948 level, and productivity was growing at an average annual rate of 1.52%.

Private sector productivity growth, measured as real output per hour of all persons, increased at an average rate of 1.9% during Reagan's eight years, compared to an average 1.3% during the preceding eight years.

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neutral

Reaganomics

In truth, the overwhelming majority of climate-research funding comes from the federal government and left-wing foundations.

Between 2003 and 2013, the donor-advised funds Donors Trust and Donors Capital Fund, combined, were the largest funders, accounting for about one quarter of the total funds, and the American Enterprise Institute was the largest recipient, 16% of the total funds.

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neutral

Climate change denial

New Jersey is "losing 50 football fields of open space to development every day and the more we develop upstream the more flooding we have downstream."

"Jersey City has gained nearly 15,000 residents since 2010, making it the fastest growing municipality in the state and a symbol of the Garden State's reinvigorated urban core."

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neutral

New Jersey

Coral bleaching has devastated 93% of the Great Barrier Reef

An overall analysis of coral loss found that coral populations on the Great Barrier Reef had declined by 50.7% from 1985 to 2012, but with only about 10% of that decline attributable to bleaching, and the remaining 90% caused about equally by tropical cyclones and by predation by crown-of-thorns starfishes.

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contradiction

Coral bleaching

If we double atmospheric carbon dioxide[…] we’d only raise global surface temperatures by about a degree Celsius.

Not only do increasing carbon dioxide concentrations lead to increases in global surface temperature, but increasing global temperatures also cause increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide.

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neutral

Carbon dioxide

For what appears to be the first time since scientists began keeping track, sea ice in the Arctic and the Antarctic are at record lows this time of year.

The Arctic sea ice minimum is the day in a given year when Arctic sea ice reaches its smallest extent, occurring at the end of the summer melting season, normally during September.

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neutral

Arctic sea ice decline

While the link between cosmic rays and cloud cover is yet to be confirmed, more importantly, there has been no correlation between cosmic rays and global temperatures over the last 30 years of global warming.

Together with the lack of a proven physical mechanism and the plausibility of other causal factors affecting changes in cloud cover, this makes the association between galactic cosmic ray-induced changes in aerosol and cloud formation controversial Studies by Lockwood and Fröhlich (2007) and Sloan and Wolfendale (2008) found no relation between warming in recent decades and cosmic rays.

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entailment

Attribution of recent climate change

the total area burned in the western United States over the past 33 years was double the size it would have been without any human-caused warming.

After about a thousand years, 20% to 30% of human-emitted CO 2 will remain in the atmosphere, not taken up by the ocean or the land, committing the climate to warming long after emissions have stopped.

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neutral

Effects of global warming

The original global temperature schematic which appeared in the IPCC First Assessment Report and seemed to show the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) hotter than Present was based on the central England temperature record, and ended in the 1950s.

However, that view was questioned by other researchers; the IPCC First Assessment Report of 1990 discussed the "Medieval Warm Period around 1000 AD (which may not have been global) and the Little Ice Age which ended only in the middle to late nineteenth century."

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entailment

Medieval Warm Period

Last year, scientists published evidence that the conditions leading up to “stuck jet streams” are becoming more common, with warming in the Arctic seen as a likely culprit.

Based on effects of Arctic amplification (warming) and ice loss, a study in 2015 concluded that highly amplified jet-stream patterns are occurring more frequently in the past two decades, and that such patterns can not be tied to certain seasons.

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entailment

Arctic sea ice decline

unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed.

According to the Bureau of Meteorology's 2011 Australian Climate Statement, Australia had lower than average temperatures in 2011 as a consequence of a La Niña weather pattern; however, "the country's 10-year average continues to demonstrate the rising trend in temperatures, with 2002–2011 likely to rank in the top two warmest 10-year periods on record for Australia, at 0.52 °C (0.94 °F) above the long-term average".

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neutral

Australia

‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’

Other organisms are directly harmed as a result of acidification.

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neutral

Ocean acidification

As a result, half of the people surveyed around the world last year said they thought climate change would make humanity extinct.

"Biologists think 50% of species will be facing extinction by the end of the century".

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neutral

Human overpopulation

So it’s clear now we’re not seeing dangerous global warming, and the climate models are wrong.

The IPCC has pointed out that many long-term climate scenario models require large-scale manmade negative emissions to avoid serious climate change.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Greenhouse gas