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فنزل عنه، وأتي ببرذون فركبه

So he dismounted, and a jade was brought to him and he rode it

فرأى فرسه يتوجى

He saw that his horse had injuries cm its hooves

وعن عبادة وخالد، قالا" ولما بعث عمر بأمان أهل إيلياء وسكنها الجند، شخص إلى بيت المقدس من الجابية

According to ‘Ubadah and Khalid" Having sent the assurance of safety to the people of Jerusalem and having stationed the army there, ‘Umar set out from al-Jabiyah to Jerusalem

فقبلا ركبتيه، وضم عمر كل واحد منهما محتضنهما

They kissed his knee, and ‘Umar embraced them, holding them to his chest

فلما انتهيا إلى الجابية، وافقا عمر رحمه اللَّه راكبا

When they reached al-Jabiyah, they found ‘Umar riding

وضم عمرا وشرحبيل إليه بالجابية

He ordered ‘Amr and Shurabbil to join him in al-Jabiyah

في الجنود التي كانت مع عمرو

He placed the soldiers who were with ‘Amr (b. alAsl) at their disposal

وعن سالم، قال" استعمل علقمة بْن مجزز على إيلياء وعلقمة بْن حكيم على الرملة

According to Salim" "‘Umarj appointed Alqamah b. Mujazziz governor of Jerusalem and appointed ‘Alqamah b. al-Hakim governor of al-Ramlah

فنزل كل واحد منهما في عمله في الجنود التي معه

Each of them stayed in his province with the soldiers who were with him

ثم سرح إليهم، وفرق فلسطين على رجلين، فجعل علقمة بْن حكيم على نصفها وأنزله الرملة، وعلقمة بْن مجزز على نصفها وأنزله إيلياء

He then sent to them "an army) and divided Palestine between two men; he put Alqamah b. Hakim in charge of one half and stationed him in al-Ramlah, and he put ‘Alqamah b. Mujazziz in charge of the other half and stationed him in Jerusalem

وعليهم إن خرجوا مثلذلك الشرط إلى آخره

The same conditions, in their entirety, apply to them if they leave "Lydda

وعلى أهل لد ومن دخل معهم من أهل فلسطين أن يعطوا الجزية كما يعطي أهل مدائن الشام

The people of Lydda and those of the people of Palestine who are in the same category must pay the poll tax like the people of the Syrian cities

ولا يكرهون على دينهم، ولا يضار أحد منهم

They will not be forcibly converted, and none of them will be harmed

ولا ينتقص منها ولا من حيزها ولا مللها، ولا من صلبهم ولا من أموالهم

Neither their churches, nor the land where they stand, nor their rituals, nor their crosses, nor their property will be damaged

أنه لا تسكن كنائسهم ولا تهدم

Their churches will not be inhabited "by the Muslims" and will not be destroyed

أعطاهم أمانا لأنفسهم وأموالهم ولكنائسهم وصلبهم وسقيمهم وبريئهم وسائر ملتهم

He gave them an assurance of safety for themselves, for their property, their churches, their crosses, their sick and their healthy, and all their rites

ذا ما أعطى عبد اللَّه عمر أمير المؤمنين أهل لد ومن دخل معهم من أهل فلسطين أجمعين

This is what the servant of God, ‘Umar, the Commander of the Faithful, awarded to the people of Lydda and to all the people of Palestine who are in the same category

فأما سائر كتبهم فعلى كتاب لد بسم اللَّه الرحمن الرحيم ه

The rest of the letters were identical to the letter of Lydda "which follows)" In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate

وكتب وحضر سنة خمس عشرة

This letter was written and prepared in the year 15/636-37

شهد على ذلك خالد بْن الوليد، وعمرو بْن العاص، وعبد الرحمن بْن عوف، ومعاوية بْن أبي سفيان

The persons who attest to it are Khalid b. al-Walid, ‘Amr b. al-‘A§I, ‘Abd al-Rahman b. ‘Awf, and Mu'awiyah b. Abi Sufyan

وعلى ما في هذا الكتاب عهد اللَّه وذمة رسوله وذمة الخلفاء وذمة المؤمنين إذا أعطوا الذي عليهم من الجزية

If they pay the poll tax according to their ob-ligations, then the contents of this letter are under the cov-enant of God, are the responsibility of His Prophet, of the caliphs, and of the faithful

فإنه لا يؤخذ منهم شيء حتى يحصد حصادهم

Nothing will be taken from them before their harvest is reaped

ومن شاء سار مع الروم، ومن شاء رجع إلى أهله

Those who wish may go with the Byzantines, and and those who wish may return to their families

ومن كان بها من أهل الأرض قبل مقتل فلان، فمن شاء منهم قعدوا عليه مثل ما على أهل إيلياء من الجزية

Those villagers (ahl al-ard) who were in Jerusalem before the killing of so-and-so may remain in the city if they wish, but they must pay the poll tax like the people of Jerusalem

ومن أحب من أهل إيلياء أن يسير بنفسه وماله مع الروم ويخلي بِيَعهم وصلبهم فإنهم آمنون على أنفسهم وعلى بيعهم وصلبهم، حتى يبلغوا مأمنهم

Those of the people of Jerusalem who want to leave with the Byzantines, take their property, and abandontheir churches and their crosses will be sate until they reach their place of safety

وعليه مثل ما على أهل إيلياء من الجزية

They will have to pay the poll tax like the people of Jerusalem

فمن خرج منهم فإنه آمن على نفسه وماله حتى يبلغوا مأمنهم، ومن أقام منهم فهو آمن

As for those who will leave the city, their lives and property will be safe until they reach their place of safety; and as for those who remain, they will be safe

وعلى أهل إيلياء أن يعطوا الجزية كما يعطي أهل المدائن، وعليهم أن يخرجوا منها الروم واللصوص

The people of Jerusalem must pay the poll tax like the people of die "other" cities, and they must expel the Byzantines and the robbers

ولا يسكن بإيلياء معهم أحد من اليهود

No Jew will live with them in Je-rusalem

ولا ينتقص منها ولا من حيزها، ولا من صليبهم، ولا من شيء من أموالهم

Neither they, nor the land on which they stand, nor their cross, nor their property will be damaged

أعطاهم أمانا لأنفسهم وأموالهم، ولكنائسهم وصلبانهم، وسقيمها وبريئها وسائر ملتها

He has given them an assurance of safety for themselves, for their property, their churches, their crosses, the sick and the healthy of the city, and for all the rituals that belong to their religion

هذا ما أعطى عبد اللَّه عمر أمير المؤمنين أهل إيلياء من الأمان

This is the assurance of safety (amdn) which the servant of God, ‘Umar, the Commander of the Faithful, has granted to the people of Jerusalem

بسم اللَّه الرحمن الرحيم

In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate

وكتب لهم فيها الصلح لكل كورة كتابا واحدا، ما خلا أهل إيلياء

He wrote for them the peace conditions. He wrote one letter to all the provinces (of Palestine) except to the people of Jerusalem

وعن خالد وعبادة، قالا" صالح عمر أهل إيلياء بالجابية

According to Khalid and ‘Ubadah" ‘Umar made peace with the people of Jerusalem in al-Jabiyah

فشهد الكتاب

They witnessed the writing "of the treaty

قال" وانضم عمرو وشرحبيل إلى عمر بالجابية حين جرى الصلح فيما بينهم

‘Amr and Shurahbil joined ‘Umar in al-Jabiyah when the peace "with the people of Palestine" was concluded

إنكم لو قد فقدتم العباس لانتقض بكم الشر كما ينتقض أول الحبل

If' you lose al-Abbas, evil will untwist you like the ends of a rope

فقال" إني أبادر بجهاد العدو موت العباس

‘Umar said" "I hasten to fight the enemy before the death of al-‘Abbas

إنك تريد عدوا كلبا

You are heading toward a rabid enemy

فقال علي" أين تخرج بنفسك

Ali said" "Where are going by yourself

وعن عدي بْن سهل، قال" لما استمد أهل الشام عمر على أهل فلسطين، استخلف عليا، وخرج ممدا لهم

According to ‘Adi b. Sahl" When the Muslims of Syria asked ‘Umar to help them against the people of Palestine, he appointed ‘Ali as his deputy and set out to reinforce them

فكتب إليه بذلك، فسار عن المدينة

Abu ‘Ubaydah wrote to ‘Umar about it, and ‘Umar made the journey from Medina

فطلب أهله منه أن يصالحهم على صلح أهل مدن الشام، وأن يكون المتولي للعقد عمر بْن الخطاب

Its people asked him to conclude peace with them on the conditions of the Syrian cities and asked that ‘Umar b. al-Khattab be responsible for the treaty

وقيل" كان سبب قدوم عمر إلى الشام، أن أبا عبيدة حضر بيت المقدس

It was said that the reason for ‘Umar's coming to Syria was the fol-lowing" Abu ‘Ubaydah besieged Jerusalem

وذلك أن أرطبون والتذارق لحقا بمصر، مقدم عمر الجابية، وأصيبا بعد في بعض الصوائف

The reason for this was that Artabun and al-Tadhariq had left for Egypt when ‘Umar came to al-Jabiyah; they were subsequently killed in one of the summer expeditions

وعن خالد وعبادة، قالا" كان الذي صالح فلسطين العوام من أهل إيلياء والرملة

According to Khalid and ‘Ubadah" The peace treaty concerning Palestine was concluded by the populace of Jerusalem and al-Ramlah

وأنتم والله يا معشر العرب تقتلونه على بضع عشرة ذراعا من باب لد

By God, you Arabs will kill him ten odd cubits from the gate of Lydda

فقال" هو من بني بنيامين

The Jew said" "He is from the sons of Benjamin

فسأله عمر عن الدجال

‘Umar asked him about the false Messiah

وشهد ذلك اليهودي الصلح

The Jew witnessed the conclusion of the peace treaty

وهم عشر كور، وفلسطين تعدل الشام كله

The people of Palestine were "organized in" ten provinces, and Palestine was equal to Syria in its entirety

فصارت فلسطين نصفين" نصف مع أهل إيلياء، ونصف مع أهل الرملة

Palestine was divided into two parts" one part was with the people of Jerusalem, and the other with the people of al-Ramlah

فأعطوه واكتتبوا منه على إيلياء وحيزها، والرملة وحيزها

They gave to ‘Umar ... and asked him to give them in writing "the peace terms" for Jerusalem and its region and for al-Ramlah and its region

فأمنوهم، وإذا هم أهل إيلياء

They granted them an assurance of safety and "it became clear that" these were people from Jerusalem

ولا تراعوا وأمنوهم

Do not be afraid, but grant it to them

فقال عمر" مستأمنة

He said" "They are seeking an assurance of safety

فنظر، فإذا كردوس يلمعون بالسيوف

Umar looked and saw a detachment of horsemen brandishing their swords

فقال" ما شأنكم؟ فقالوا" ألا ترى الخيل والسيوف

‘Umar asked" "What is it?", and they replied" "Do you not see the horsemen and the swords

فبينا عمر معسكرا بالجابية، فزع الناس إلى السلاح

While ‘Umar was camping in al-Jabiyah, the Muslims seized their weapons in alarm

وكانوا قد أشجوا عمرا وأشجاهم، ولم يقدر عليها ولا على الرملة

"The people of Jerusalem) caused distress to ‘Amr and he caused distress to them, but he could not conquer Jerusalem, nor could he conquer al-Ramlah

لا والله لا ترجع حتى يفتح اللَّه إيلياء

By God, you will not return before God conquers Jerusalem

أنت صاحب إيلياء

You are the master of Jerusalem

وعن سالم، قال" لما دخل عمر الشام تلقاه رجل من يهود دمشق، فقال" السلام عليك يا فاروق

According to Salim" When 'Umar entered Syria, a Jew from Damascus met him and said" "Peace be upon you, O Faruq

فأنتم والله معشر العرب تقتلونه دون باب لد ببضع عشرة ذراعا

You, the Arabs, will kill him ten odd cubits in front of the gate of Lydda

فقال له اليهودي" وما مسألتك عنه يا أمير المؤمنين

The Jew said to him" What are you asking about him, O Commander of the Faithful

فسأله عن الدجال- وكان كثير المسألة عنه

‘Umar asked the Jew about the false Messiah, for he was wont to ask about him a great deal

فلما فتحت عليه دعا ذلك اليهودي، فقيل له" إن عنده لعلما قال

When ‘Umar was granted victory over Jeru-salem, he summoned that same Jew, and it was said to him" "He is, indeed, in possession of knowledge

فصالحوه على الجزية، وفتحوها له

They made peace with ‘Umar on the condition that they would pay the poll tax and opened up Jerusalem for him

فأقبلوا فإذا هم أهل إيلياء

They drew near and it became clear that they were people from Jerusalem

فأمنوهم

Grant it to them

فلما دنوا منه سلوا السيوف، فقال عمر" هؤلاء قوم يستأمنون

When they came close, they drew their swords, but ‘Umar said" "These are people who are coming to seek an assurance of safety

فبينا عمر بْن الخطاب بها، إذ نظر إلى كردوس من خيل مقبل

While in al-Jabiyah ‘Umar b. al-Khattab saw an approaching detachment of horsemen

وعن سالم بْن عبد اللَّه، قال" لما قدم عمر رحمه اللَّه الجابية، قال له رجل من يهود" يا أمير المؤمنين، لا ترجع إلى بلادك حتى يفتح اللَّه عليك إيلياء

According to Salim b. ‘Abdallah" When ‘Umar reached al-Jabiyah, a Jew said to him" "O Commander of the Faithful, you will not return to your country before God has granted you victory over Jerusalem

ذكر فتح بيت المقدس

The Conquest of Jerusalem

وعمرو وشرحبيل بأجنادين لم يتحركا من مكانهما

‘Amr and Shurabbil were at that time in Ajnadayn and did not move from their place

قال" فنعم إذا وركب حتى دخل الجابية

‘Umar said" "It is all right, then," and he rode on till he entered al-Jabiyah

فقالوا" يا أمير المؤمنين، إنها يلامقة، وإن علينا السلاح

They replied" "O Commander of the Faithful, these are coats, and we have our weapons with us

وتالله لو فعلتموها على رأس المائتين لاستبدلت بكم غيركم

By God, if you did this at the head of two hundred men, I would have replaced you with others

سرع ما ندت بكم البطنة

How quickly has gluttony led you astray

وإنما شبعتم منذ سنتين

Youhave been eating well for two years

إياي تستقبلون في هذا الزي

Is it me that you are coming to meet in this attire

وقال" سرع ما لفتم عن رأيكم

He said" "How quickly were you turned away from your senses

فنزل وأخذ الحجارة، فرماهم بها

‘Umar dismounted, took stones in his hand, and pelted them

على الخيول، عليهم الديباج والحرير

They were riding on horses and were clad in brocade and silk

فكان أول من لقيه يزيد ثم أبو عبيدة ثم خالد

The first man to meet him was Yazid, then Abu ‘Ubaydah, and then Khalid

فلقوه حيث رفعت لهم الجابية

They met him where al-Jabiyah came into view

في المجردة- وأن يستخلفوا على أعمالهم

He instructed them to come with light cavalry (mujarradah) and to appoint deputies to govern their provinces

وخرج وقد كتب مخرجه أول مرة إلى أمراء الأجناد أن يوافوه بالجابية- ليوم سماه لهم

At the time of his departure "from Medina" for the first time he wrote to the amirs of the provinces and instructed them to meet him at al-Jabiyah on a day which he specified for them

فاستخلف عليها

‘Umar appointed ‘Ail to govern Medina in his stead

فأما الأولى فعلى فرس، وأما الثانية فعلى بعير، وأما الثالثة فقصر عنها أن الطاعون مستعر، وأما الرابعة فدخلها على حمار

The first time he rode a horse; the second time he rode a camel; the third time he failed to reach Syria because the plague was raging, and the fourth time he entered Syria on a donkey

وجميع ما خرج عمر إلى الشام أربع مرات

All in all ‘Umar went to Syria four times

فنادى في الناس، ثم خرج فيهم حتى نزل بالجابية

He summoned the people, set out with them, and camped at al-Jabiyah

ولما كتب عمرو إلى عمر بذلك، عرف أن عمرا لم يقل إلا بعلم

When ‘Amr wrote to ‘Umar about this, ‘Umar knew that he was speaking out of knowledge

فرأيك

I desire your opinion

وكتب إلى عمر يستمده، ويقول" إني أعالج حربا كئودا ضدوما وبلادا ادخرت لك

He wrote to ‘Umar, asking his help and saying" "I am conducting a difficult and fierce war and "struggling for) a land that has been held and preserved for you

فرجع الرسول إلى عمرو فعرف أنه عمر

The envoy returned to ‘Amr, who understood now that the man was ‘Umar

ثلاثة أحرف

It is written with three letters

قال" صاحبها رجل اسمه عمر

Artabun said" "The name of the man destined to do it is ‘Umar

فضحكوا وتعجبوا، وأقبلوا على أرطبون، فقالوا" من أين علمت أنه ليس بصاحبها

They laughed and wondered; then they approached Artabun, saying" "From what source do you know that he is not the man destined to conquer this land