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Climate Policy Radar 20

Total GHG emissions, including removals from the LULUCF sector, amounted to 29 409.53 Gg CO₂ eq. in 2020 and decreased by more than 54% compared to the base year 1990 (64 055.38 Gg CO₂ eq.). Total carbon removals in forest ecosystems in the Slovak Republic shows high fluctuations due to the sensitivity of the LULUCF sector to meteorological conditions and weather extremes. Figure 4.2: Trends in total GHG emissions (1990-2020) compared to the Kyoto target (8 % and 20 %) in the Slovak Republic Figure 4.1: Trends in GHG emissions (1990-2020) compared to the Kyoto target (8% and 20%) in the Slovak Republic

SVK

Europe & Central Asia

Results Result of the MO: Effect of FRS SO2 Effect Indicators FRS Specific Objective 2 (Protect Togolese from climate risks) Result 1: NDCs are integrated into all development plans at sectoral and communal levels Result 2: Target groups are trained on innovative practical performance indicators and the mobilization of adaptive financing 1.1 By the end of 2026, at least 80% of sectoral, local and economic policymakers have a perfect knowledge of the vision and objectives of the NDCs 1.2 By the end of 2026, at least 100% of the municipalities and sectoral ministries are equipped for the planning of the NDCs. 2. By the end of 2030, at least 60% of groups or companies operating in climate-vulnerable areas have integrated adaptation and mitigation into their production practices. 1. By the end of the year 2030, 100% of sectoral action plans Sectoral Action Plans and Change in connection with the NDCs and Communal Development Plans have integrated adaptation and mitigation. PDC 2.1 By the end of 2026, 117 facilitators have provided training in communes in vulnerable areas. Sources of verification 2.2 At the end of 2026, at least 6,000 people, including at least 1,240 women working in vulnerable areas, are equipped to design and implement innovative adaptation and mitigation projects Survey report Survey report activities Press publications NDC reports Evaluation report or survey Training reports Innovative projects implemented Press publications Risks Assumptions Activity report Risks identified for OS2 of the FRS policy on NDCs Absence or delay of funding

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

In October 2020, Japan declared "Carbon Neutral by 2050" based on the goals set in the Paris Agreement (continued efforts to limit the global temperature rise to well below 2C and further limit it to 1.5C). Did. In addition, more and more local governments are announcing zero carbon cities aiming to become carbon neutral by 2050. In addition, with the progress of ESG finance, the number of companies working on "decarbonized management" such as information disclosure and target setting related to climate change is increasing, and it is spreading to local companies through the supply chain. In response to this situation, the "Review Committee on the Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures" was held from October to December 2020 to discuss the direction of future institutional responses to further promote global warming countermeasures. Summed up about sex.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

biogas base and electrical appliances (heaters, cookers, lamps, etc.) use of biogá production of electricity Brief description of the contribution First Nationally Determined Contribution (Updated) of Cuba

CUB

Latin America & Caribbean

Lack of financial resources. At a material and technical level The following gaps and barriers are particularly evident: Lack of national research and systematic observation institutions in the field of weather and water sciences (meteorological, hydrological and oceanographic services);

GNB

Sub-Saharan Africa

Development of energy production from renewable sources Dchel Gronds costs Waste issues: ORIENTATION Support for municipalities in the development of urban transport plans example of the urban train in the district of Abidjan Efficient recovery of resources to tend towards a circular economy Facing the purchase of low-polluting vehicles and the disposal of the most polluting via standards, incentives or obligations Putting in place an incentive framework for the development of renewable energies (call for tenders, FIT, tax exemption, etc. ) Raise the barriers to investment (strengthening the institutional framework, securing investments, training employees, etc.) Investing in R&D, in particular by strengthening the capacities of the Institute for Research on Renewable Energies (REN) and evaluate the opportunity to create a Renewable Energies Promotion Agency To promote the development of projects on the following: - Hydroelectric plague - Methanization (waste, agricultural residues.. - Photovoltaics (promotion of solar PV Kis, PV pumping system. -Biomass (sustainable exploitation of energy wood) 6) Improve urban solubility; and Ensure the sustainable management and recovery of waste Key message: A circular economy in the recovery of waste MEASURES/ACTIONS Develop and implement a policy and a strategy for the sustainable management of waste including the recovery aspect -Reducing the bill -Decreases in revenue Develop circular economy actions -Eco-design of products -Recovery/lisation and recycling of lagi- -Reduction of the energy bill -Decreases in revenue -Decreases in productivity improvement of the compe- economy -Diversification of primary energy sources -Development of new sources of quality jobs and improvement of -Reduction of energy dependency vis-Impact on health vis-a-vis crowd energies Improvement of access to sources of safe energy and abundant quality of life -Reduction of social conflicts -Broadening of the scope of knowledge on energy efficiency -Improvement of the comp ive of saving knowledge on energy efficiency -Decreases in income -Improvement of the comp ECONOMY Improving the quality of life ECONOMIC -Enlargement of the field-Development of new fires of qualified jobs -Improvement of the quality of life -Reduction of social conflicts -Increase in income and national wealth -Reduction in levels of

CIV

Sub-Saharan Africa

Introduction Climate change is related to human survival and development. Human activities since the industrial revolution, especially the cumulative emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide produced by the massive consumption of fossil energy in developed countries, are the main cause of global climate change, which has brought serious consequences to the global ecosystem security and economic and social development, especially in developing countries. Great threat. Responding to climate change is a common cause of mankind. It requires the international community to unite and cooperate to deal with it under the framework of sustainable development, adhere to the path of green and low-carbon development, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and jointly build a clean and beautiful earth home. The global spread of the new crown pneumonia epidemic in 2020 has once again warned us that in the face of major infectious diseases, climate change and other common challenges of non-traditional security, human beings need a self-revolution, and all countries in the world must maintain unity and cooperation. The Paris Agreement adopted by the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) in 2015 established the goal of controlling global temperature rise to less than 2C above pre-industrial levels and striving to control The long-term goal of being within 1.5C defines the long-term vision and institutional arrangements for the global response to climate change, and defines the general direction of the future green and low-carbon transformation, which requires countries to work together to implement it. China has made historic and fundamental contributions to the conclusion, entry into force and implementation of the Paris Agreement, and actively promoted the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in international shipping and aviation, which has been widely recognized and highly appreciated by the international community. In 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to build a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern power by the middle of this century, which laid the main tone for the formulation of China's long-term low-emission development strategy. September 22, 2020

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

I. - State services as well as local authorities and their groups undertake to reduce by 30%, before 2020, their consumption of office paper by implementing a prevention plan to this effect, II. - From January 1, 2017, at least 25% of paper products, fiber-based stationery and printed matter acquired by State services as well as by local authorities and their groups are made from recycled paper. The other paper products, fiber-based stationery and printed matter acquired by State services as well as by local authorities and their groups come from sustainably managed forests.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

LONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR CARBON Ensure effective conditions for monitoring progress towards the goal of carbon neutrality (governance) and ensure the adoption of carbon neutral objectives in the sectoral areas; Involve society in the challenges of climate change, focusing on education, information and awareness raising, contributing to increasing individual and collective action.

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

Sector Methodological Assumptions and Approaches Contribution Considerations Cost Estimation Indicators related to the SDGs Sector Public Policy Action Base Year Timeframes Scope and Coverage Planning Methodological Assumptions and Approaches Energy Axis Mitigation. CND Update Projection 2020-2030. Oil Industry The request for international financial resources is foreseen through a scheme of non-reimbursable expenses for the execution of the project. The estimation project of carbon captured in the biomass of forests is based on the application of the indirect method of estimation of biomass and fixed carbon, making use of allometric equations and expansion factors, according to the procedures approved by the IPCC, RAINFOR and the FAO. Within the framework of the sustainable development goals (SDG), adopt urgent measures to combat climate change and its effects (Obj13). $865,000. Currently, work groups are being held with the Ecosocialism Ministry for international financing. SDG Goal: 13.2: Quantification of carbon captured per unit area evaluated Energy Mitigation Axis. CND Update Projection 2020 - 2030. Oil Industry Third Socialist Plan for Economic and Social Development of the Nation 2019-2025. Objective 5.4.2: Design a mitigation plan that covers the productive sectors that emit greenhouse gases, as a voluntary national contribution to efforts to save the planet. Structuring Program: Plan for the use of natural gas venting in order to increase availability for the domestic market. Natural gas flaring and venting minimization projects. Continue with the execution of projects for the energy use of natural gas generated in hydrocarbon production activities and consequently minimize the flaring and venting of gas resources in the operational areas of the oil and gas industry. 2022 2022 - 2030 For the period 2021-2030, in the Anzotegui and Monagas states, it is planned to continue with the execution of the projects associated with the increase in operational capacities for the use of associated natural gas, estimating a reduction of approximately 75% of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions generated as fugitive emissions in the oil industry. The projects cover the Engineering, Procurement and Construction of the infrastructure and equipment necessary for the compression, treatment and distribution of the associated natural gas, which will require to a great extent the participation of specialized national and international companies for

VEN

Latin America & Caribbean

On the basis of Article 89 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, I adopt ON THE PROCLAMATION OF THE LAW ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS I am promulgating the Law on the Establishment of Infrastructure for Alternative Fuels, which was adopted by the Croatian Parliament at its session on 9

HRV

Europe & Central Asia

As we are preparing the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, which will also include actions to get the maritime sector on track to net zero, we continue to implement the commitments in Clean Maritime Plan, building on the government's ambitious vision for the future of UK zero emission shipping. This includes the launch of a £20 million Clean Maritime Demonstration Competition, which will support the UK design and development of clean maritime technology, including hydrogen, and will lay the foundation for a network of real-world projects. We have established the Jet Zero Council to accelerate the development and adoption of new technologies to help develop our strategy to reach net zero aviation, along with investing £15 million into FlyZero as well as running a £15 million competition to support the production of sustainable aviation fuels in the UK. As we decarbonise across transport, energy requirements will change in many sectors, from trains, to boats and planes. This will create new demands on our energy systems. Accelerating the shift to zero emission vehicles could support around 40,000 new jobs by 2030. More details on ensuring all modes of transport are on a pathway to net zero will be set out in the forthcoming Transport Decarbonisation Plan.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Carbon neutrality by 2050 is economically and technologically feasible and is based on a reduction in emissions of between 85% and 90% by 2050, compared with 2005, and offsetting the remaining emissions through a carbon sink provided by land use and forests. The trajectory to neutrality allows the anticipation of greenhouse gas emission reductions of between -45% and -55% by 2030 and between -65% and -75% by 2040, compared to 2005.

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

I Within the scope of the Climate Change Action Plan, we are preparing a road map that covers all sectors and identifies our short, medium and long-term tar- gets for combating climate change. Our aim in preparing this action plan that foresees year 2023, is to integrate Turkey's future development and environ- mental plans and to proceed seamlessly, and without losing pace. $ S W n t- Turkey's Ninth Development Plan (2007-2013) states that Within the scope of Turkey's circumstances, a National Action Plan setting greenhouse gas emis- sion decrease policies and measures with the participation of all related stake- holders will be prepared to fulfill her commitments under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.' Turkey, moving forward and fulfilling her com- mitments in line with this statement, showed her ambition and determination in this matter by completing the Climate Change Action Plan. Becoming a country that can pass its heritage of civilization on to future gen- erations is only possible by taking on leading roles in one's time.

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

developed the GHG emission accounting methods for local enterprises in key enterprises (institutions)², and launched the research and construction platform In 2012, China launched the management work on voluntary GHG emission

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

The target of a 14% share of renewable energy in the transport sector is implemented in accordance with the Directive on the promotion of renewable energy (RES II). The proportion of renewable energy in the transport sector will increase, primarily due to the increasing market penetration of electric mobility paired with a high proportion of renewable energy in the electricity mix and a slight increase in the use of sustainably produced biofuels. In 2017, Austria had a share of renewables in the transport sector of around 9.5%. The additional 4.5% to achieve the minimum target of 14% in 2030 can be reached by increasing the share of e-mobility and an increased share of biofuels in gasoline and diesel fuels.

AUT

Europe & Central Asia

Freight traffic Increase of freight rail traffic by an additional 20%, taking into account the WEM scenario in terms of total freight traffic in Montenegro at the end of the planned period. Increasing the share of freight traffic by electric railway by an additional 10%, taking into account the WEM scenario regarding the share of freight traffic by electric railway within the total freight railway traffic. Passenger transport

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Table 2.1.1.11: Information on source category 1A1a Main activity electricity and heat production, biomass / CH, NO Energy Sector Category Source/Fuel/Gas Key Category? Category Description / Defini-Sum of emissions from main activity producers of electricity generation, combined heat and power generation, and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public usiles) are defined as those tion undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be in public or private ownership. Emissions from own on-site use of fuel should be included. Emissions from autoproducers should be assigned to the sector where they were generated and not under 1A1a. in the Republic of Moldova electricity generation capacity include: Moldavian Thermal Power Plant (MTPP) in Dnestrovsk (on the left bank of the Dniester River) with an installed capacity of 2,520 MW; CHP-2 Chisinau, with an installed capacity of 240 MW and 1,200 Gealih heat capacity; CHP-1 Chisinau, with an installed capacity of 66 MW and 254 Goalh heat capacity, CHP-North Balf, with an installed capacity of 24 MW and 200 Gcal/h heat capacity, other power plants, including CHP owned by sugar plants with an installed capacity of 97.5 MW operating on natural gas and residual fuel oil, built during 1966-1981. In recent years, renewable energy sources of small power are being developed. Their total capacity in 2015 represented 5 MW of electric power, while in 2016-circa 6.9 MW. In the RM, within 1990-2016, share of biofuels from total fuel consumption within category 1A1a increased from 0.02 per cent to 1.09 per cent of the total (biofuels consumption recorded a significant growth, in particular between 2000 and 2016, from circa 59 TJ to 753 TJ). Within the current inventory cycle, GHG emission under the Sector 1 Energy were estimated for the first time separately for the RBDR and LBOR. Emissions Fuel Consumption Emission factor (Equation 2.1) Where: Country Detal Equation (Describe variables for method used)

MDA

Europe & Central Asia

The national territory of Cuba covers an area of 10,988,600 hectares, of which the agricultural area is equivalent to 60.2% (6,619,500 hectares). At the end of 2009, the cultivated area reached 2,988,500 hectares (45.1% of the agricultural area). Currently, 65% of the total soils in Cuba are affected by different degradation processes and around 76.8% have limiting factors to produce food, as a result of almost 5 centuries of irrational and unsustainable exploitation. More than 40% of Cuban soils are affected by erosion and if it refers to potential erosion, that percentage rises to 56%.

CUB

Latin America & Caribbean

to ensure the adequacy of energy supply and demand and to strengthen energy efficiency in the key sectors of the national economy. To institutionalize energy efficiency, several partnership agreements have been concluded with the Ministries in charge of Housing, Tourism, National Education and Industry and others will be established with other major players in the national energy scene. Our objective through these partnerships is to introduce energy efficiency techniques in a sustainable manner into all sectoral development programs, to encourage industrial companies to use renewable energies and cogeneration, to generalize audits energy at the level of SMEs-SMIs, to draw up an energy efficiency code in buildings providing for the development of solar water heaters, to generalize the use of low-consumption lamps and to use equipment adapted to the level of the public lighting These actions cannot be implemented without an incentive legislative and institutional framework commensurate with our ambitions.

MAR

Middle East & North Africa

Key measures for the green transition The plan supports the green transition through investments of over €1 billion in the energy-efficient renovation of buildings, including social housing. Furthermore, €1.3 billion will be invested in sustainable mobility, notably by improving railway infrastructure, financing green public buses, deploying electric charging stations, developing urban public transport and creating or refurbishing cycling pathways. In addition, an important reform promotes electric road transport by limiting preferential tax treatment of company cars to zero-emission vehicles by 2026. The plan supports the decarbonisation of the energy sector by promoting the use of hydrogen as an energy source, with an investment of €540 million and an accompanying reform that should contribute to making it happen. On biodiversity and climate change adaptation €400 million will be invested for reconnecting ecosystems, enhancing protected natural areas, forests and wetlands and for structural measures to sustainably manage water availability thereby increasing climate change resilience. Example project: Electric charging stations

BEL

Europe & Central Asia

Around three quarters of Switzerland's greenhouse gas emissions result from fossil fuel use. Energy and climate policy are therefore closely linked. The main objective of the Energy Strategy 2050 (increasing energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy) also contributes to the mitigation of CO emissions. However, due to the implementation of the Energy Strategy 2050, it is possible that the production of electricity from fossil sources may increase, which would have a negative impact on Switzerland's CO emissions. Fossil thermal power plants are therefore obliged to fully compensate their emissions. The first bundle of measures of the Energy Strategy 2050 also includes measures that require adjustments of the CO Act, most notably the strengthening of the CO emissions regulations for passenger cars from 130 to 95 grams of CO per kilometre, the exemption from the CO levy of operators of fossil combined heat and power plants, and the increase of the maximum amount earmarked for the national buildings refurbishment programme from 300 million to 450 million Swiss francs per year. As detailed in section 5.2.1, EPFL and Infras (2016) and EPFL (2017) estimate that in the energy sector the combined effects of policies and measures are responsible for about 12 per cent of the aggregate effect of currently implemented and adopted policies and measures.

CHE

Europe & Central Asia

(81) Co-products from the production and use of fuels should be taken into account in the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions. The substitution method is appropriate for the purposes of policy analysis, but not for the regulation of individual economic operators and individual consign- ments of transport fuels. In those cases the energy alloca- tion method is the most appropriate method, as it is easy to apply, is predictable over time, minimises counter- productive incentives and produces results that are gener- ally comparable with those produced by the substitution method. For the purposes of policy analysis the Commis- sion should also, in its reporting, present results using the substitution method. (82) In order to avoid a disproportionate administrative burden, a list of default values should be laid down for common biofuel production pathways and that list should be updated and expanded when further reliable data is avail- able. Economic operators should always be entitled to claim the level of greenhouse gas emission saving for bio- fuels and bioliquids established by that list. Where the default value for greenhouse gas emission saving from a production pathway lies below the required minimum level of greenhouse gas emission saving, producers wish- ing to demonstrate their compliance with this minimum level should be required to show that actual emissions from their production process are lower than those that were assumed in the calculation of the default values. (83) It is appropriate for the data used in the calculation of the default values to be obtained from independent, scientifi- cally expert sources and to be updated as appropriate as those sources progress their work. The Commission should encourage those sources to address, when they update their work, emissions from cultivation, the effect of regional and climatological conditions, the effects of cultivation using sustainable agricultural and organic farming methods, and the scientific contribution of producers, within the Com- munity and in third countries, and civil society.

EUR

Europe & Central Asia

(b) Vigorously developing new energy resources We will spur large-scale, high-quality development of wind and solar power generation across the board, continue to promote both concentrated and distributed systems, and accelerate the construction of wind and solar farms. We will speed up innovative upgrading and specialized application of innovations in smart photovoltaic industry, creatively develop the solar + model, and promote a diversified layout in photovoltaic power generation. Emphasizing both onshore and offshore power generation systems, we will promote rapid and coordinated development of wind power, improve industrial chains for offshore wind power, and encourage the construction of offshore wind bases. We will actively develop solar thermal power generation, and promote the establishment of comprehensive bases for generating power with renewable resources where solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind power complement each other. We will develop biomass power generation and heating as well as biogas according to local conditions. We will explore ways of expanding the exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy as well as new marine energy sources such as wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy. We will further refine mechanisms for ensuring the uptake of power generated from renewable sources. By 2030, total installed generation capacity of wind and solar power will reach above 1200 gigawatts. (c) Developing hydro power according to local conditions

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

The Republic of Namibia is an upper-middle-income herself as a leader in environmental protection. Namibia is the first nation in the world to incorporate environmental protection into its constitution. The country has protected almost the entire Namib Desert, the world's oldest desert, from environmental damage. Namibia has also protected its entire 1571 km long coastline as a national park. This far- sighted commitment to sustainable development has protected the natural environment of Namibia, including its marine life, coastal ecosystems and its extraordinary wildlife which include elephants, cheetahs, rhino and lions. Together with the country's reputation for stability and safety, this has contributed to Namibia's growing reputation as an eco-tourist destination which attracts visitors from all over the world. In spite of so many positive indicators, Namibia faces significant challenges. While the economy has grown substantially, this has not reduced unemployment. As a result, in terms of income equality, Namibia is amongst the most unequal nations in the world. Twenty-eight percent of the labour force is unemployed. In 2016, nearly 18% of the population lived in poverty. Moreover, a large proportion of the population is vulnerable to communicable and noncommunicable diseases. The prevalence of HIV is particularly high at 16.9% in 2014 from 19% in 2012. A lack of industrialization and infrastructure has contributed to Namibia's economic imbalance. In the year 2014, 31% of Namibian work force worked in agriculture which contributed only 3.9% of the GDP. While drought and declines in prices on the global market are partly responsible for agriculture's relatively small contribution to Namibia's GDP, a lack of modernisation in farming techniques and a lack of infrastructure in business development have made modernization, Namibia has an unfavorable trade

NAM

Sub-Saharan Africa

The INDC sets out a number of mitigation actions to limit the country's GHG emissions. These mitigation actions will play a key role in realizing the move to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy and to Bangladesh becoming middle-income country by 2021. The INDC includes both unconditional and conditional emissions reduction goals for the power, transport, and industry sectors, alongside further mitigation actions in other sectors, which Bangladesh intends to carry out. The foundation of this INDC is in line with Bangladesh's existing strategies and plans, in particular the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP), Renewable Energy Policy 2008, the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Master Plan (E&CC Master Plan), the forthcoming National Adaptation Plan, the National Sustainable Development Strategy, the Perspective Plan (Vision 2021), the National Disaster Management Plan and the Disaster Management Act. As per this INDC, Bangladesh will provide an unconditional contribution to reduce GHG emissions by 5% from Business as Usual (BAU) levels by 2030 in the power, transport and industry sectors, based on the support of existing resources and a conditional 15% reduction in GHG emissions from BAU levels by 2030 in the above sectors subject to appropriate international support (MoEF, 2015). Bangladesh has started to prepare its INDC implementation road map in which it intends to implement adaptation activities worth about $40 billion.

BGD

South Asia

Forestry in 5 million ha of forest and 2 million ha of woodland alone represents around 50% of the total domestic abatement potential (or 130 Mt COe) and, as a sector, can even yield 'negative emissions' via sequestration, i.e., storage of carbon in the form of wood, at a level that surpasses emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. The single most important lever is to reduce demand for fuelwood through fuelwood efficient stoves, offering a potential of almost 35 Mt COe reduction, while other advanced cooking and baking technologies (electric, biogas, and LPG stoves) offer an additional combined potential of more than 15 Mt COe. Capturing this abatement potential requires the switch of more than 20 million households to more efficient stoves. In addition, afforestation (2 million ha), reforestation (1 million ha), and forest management (2 million ha of forests and 2 million ha of woodlands) can help to increase sequestration by more than 40 Mt COe and hence even surpass any remaining emissions from the forestry sector. Pressure from agriculture on forests can be reduced by agriculture intensification on existing land or unlocking degraded land thanks to irrigation, with the potential to lower deforestation and thus the associated emissions by nearly 40 Mt COe in 2030. The agriculture sector has a total abatement potential for soil- and livestock- related emissions of 90 Mt COe, representing around 35% of the total domestic abatement potential Soil. The introduction of lower-emitting techniques, such as conservation agriculture (including applying zero or minimum tillage), watershed man- agement, and nutrient and crop management, could reduce emissions by 40 Mt COe in 2030. The introduction and enhancement of these lower- emitting techniques will form a priority for the soil sector in the coming years and the initiative will target 75% of rural households by 2030. Moreover, through agricultural intensification and capture of new agricultural land in arid areas through irrigation, techniques from crop production help to increase the abatement potential from saved forests. In fact, these initiatives increase the sequestration from forests by 38 MT COe in 2030. Livestock. There is ample potential to increase the efficiency of the cattle value chain via higher productivity of cattle

ETH

Sub-Saharan Africa

• The range of choices for how households, businesses and the taxpayer could contribute towards different elements of the transition to Net Zero. Sixth Carbon Budget-The path to Net Zero The Treasury's funding review will be a crucial first step in demonstrating that strong leadership and coordination at the centre of Government can ensure the action to deliver Net Zero is delivered in a fair and equitable way. Its interim report was due to be published around the same time as this report, but had not been at the time of writing.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

IPCC (2006) Tier 1 approaches were used to estimate emissions from livestock enteric fermentation and manure management, synthetic fertilizer application, and methane emissions from rice production In 2012, agriculture was estimated to emit 4 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Based on projected population and GDP growth, described in Section 1(e), GHG emissions from the agriculture sector are estimated to increase to 6.8 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions in 2030 for the baseline scenario. Five (5) mitigation measures in the agriculture sector were assessed. The unconditional objective includes the implementation of two (2) mitigation measures, which make it possible to reduce GHG emissions from the agricultural sector by 14.34% in 2030 compared to GHG emissions from the agricultural sector in the scenario of reference. The conditional objective includes the implementation of three (3) additional mitigation measures. The full implementation of the unconditional and conditional objectives makes it possible to reduce GHG emissions from the agricultural sector by 20% in 2030 compared to the reference scenario. Forestry and other land uses IPCC (2006) Tier 1 approaches were used to estimate emissions from Forest Land Remaining Forest Land (biomass gains and losses), Forest Converted to Other Land and Land Converted to Forest Land. In 2012, TSF emissions were estimated to amount to 58 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Based on the continuation of historical trends, GHG emissions for the FAT sector are estimated to increase to 68.6 million tonnes of C02 equivalent emissions in 2030 for the baseline scenario. Two mitigation measures in the agricultural sector were assessed, based on the objectives of the SPREF strategy of Cte d'Ivoire. The unconditional goal includes the implementation of two mitigation measures, to reduce the rate of deforestation by 70% and the conversion of 1 million hectares of land to forest by 2030, which achieves a reduction 35% of FOLU sector GHG emissions in 2030 compared to FOLU sector GHG emissions in the baseline scenario. The conditional goal includes the implementation of an additional mitigation measure, the conversion of an additional 2 million hectares of land to forest by 2030. Full implementation of the unconditional and conditional goals results in 150% GHG emissions from the agricultural

CIV

Sub-Saharan Africa

Renewable energy use will be increased to account for over 50 % of the final energy consumption in the 2020s. The long-term goal is for the energy system to become carbon neutral and be heavily based on renewable energy sources. Policy measures looking to 2030 take into account not only cost-effectiveness but also longer term needs to change the energy system. The use of agricultural, municipal and industrial waste and sidestreams in the production of heat and electricity as well as transport fuels will be promoted. This will also reduce environmental stress, promote a circular economy, and create reference sites for clean bioeconomy and circular economy solutions. Decentralised electricity and heat production based on renewable energy will be promoted. An effort will be made to increase decentralised small- scale production, mainly on market terms and through the current economic incentives. The interest of citizens, companies and the public sector in utilising renewable sources in the energy solutions of individual buildings will be encouraged through guidance by information and local reference sites. Changes in financial incentives for decentralised production, including investment aids, will be implemented with moderation and over a sufficiently long time interval, taking the reduction in the costs of decentralised production into account. Renewable energy investment subsidies will primarily be targeted at the commercialisation of new technologies and to the non-ETS sector, including plants producing advanced biofuels for transport, wider use of alternative transport power sources, and building- specific or other non- ETS electricity and heat production of companies and farms. The objective is that aid for different technologies will be phased out as a technology develops, the costs are reduced and competitiveness improves. Additional measures taken to increase the volume of renewable energy and improve energy efficiency will bring Finland's self-sufficiency in energy up to 55 % of final energy consumption by the end of the 2020s. Global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will create demand for clean energy production and consumption solutions. In measures that promote renewable energy use, attention should also be paid to the creation of references and a domestic market for solutions based on renewable energy, resource efficiency and a flexible energy system, which are growing global sectors.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

(25) The transition to climate neutrality requires changes across the entire policy spectrum and a collective effort of all sectors of the economy and society, as highlighted in the European Green Deal. The European Council, in its conclusions of 12December 2019, stated that all relevant Union legislation and policies need to be consistent with, and contribute to, the fulfilment of the climate-neutrality objective while respecting a level playing field, and invited the Commission to examine whether this requires an adjustment of the existing rules. (26) As announced in the European Green Deal, the Commission assessed the Unions 2030 target for greenhouse gas emission reduction, in its communication of 17September 2020 entitled Stepping up Europes 2030 climate ambition Investing in a climate-neutral future for the benefit of our people. The Commission did so on the basis of a comprehensive impact assessment and taking into account its analysis of the integrated national energy and climate plans submitted to it in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council(12). In light of the 2050 climate-neutrality objective, by 2030 greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced and removals enhanced, so that net greenhouse gas emissions, that is emissions after the deduction of removals, are reduced economy-wide and domestically by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. The European Council endorsed that target in its conclusions of 10 and 11December 2020. It also provided initial guidance on its implementation. That new Union 2030 climate target is a subsequent target for the purposes of point (11) of Article2 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999, and therefore replaces the 2030 Union-wide target for greenhouse gas emissions set out in that point. In addition, the Commission should, by 30June 2021, assess how the relevant Union legislation implementing the Union 2030 climate target would need to be amended in order to achieve such net emission reductions. In view of this, the Commission has announced a revision of the relevant climate and energy legislation which will be adopted in a package covering, inter alia, renewables, energy efficiency, land use, energy taxation, CO2 emission performance standards for light-duty vehicles, effort sharing and the EU ETS. The Commission intends to assess the impacts of the introduction of additional Union

EUR

Europe & Central Asia

> According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Turkey is located in the Mediterranean Basin, which is among the regions that will be most affected by the negative effects of climate change. Turkey's national vision on climate change; integrated climate change policies with development policies; expanded energy efficiency; increased the use of clean and renewable energy sources; is to become a country that actively participates in the fight against climate change within the framework of its special conditions and can offer high quality of life and welfare to all its citizens with low carbon intensity. Basic Principles

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

Electricity A whole-of-economy Plan to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 Agriculture and the land sector

AUS

East Asia & Pacific

Name of action to prevent IC Program for further modernization and renewal of low-voltage electrical networks for the period 2017-2021 The program of measures for the cardinal improvement and development of the waste management system for 2017-2021. No. PP-2916 dated April 21, 2017 Comprehensive program to further improve energy-efficient sectors of the economy and the social sphere, introduce energy-saving technologies and develop renewable energy sources in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2019-2022. mepp-4422 dated August 22, 2019 Status current current current Description of action to prevent CC Improved power supply to more than 42.7% of consumers through the modernization and renewal of low-voltage power networks and TpaHformator points Total cost - 835.9 million USD Targeted programs approved : on the arrangement of 168 solid waste landfills and forecast parameters for the organization of cluster production at landfills, including sorting and processing to extract valuable components from waste; on the use of MSW as a secondary raw material for the production of consumer goods, fuel and organic fertilizers on preparation for environmentally safe storage of waste. Total cost - 27.178 million dollars (including funds of entrepreneurs: 7.978 million dollars, loans of the National Bank: 19.2 million dollars) Approved: by 2030, bringing the share of renewable energy to 25% or more of total generation electrical energy; <<Roadmap for further improvement of EE and sectors of the economy and social sphere, as well as the development of RES. measures to ensure the uninterrupted supply of energy resources to social facilities in the regions and reduce energy consumption in cities through the phased installation of modern solar photovoltaic power plants and solar water heaters; EE heating systems; improving the system of thermal protection of buildings; installation of solar photovoltaic power plants (average 2 kW) and solar water heaters (average 200 liters) in private households, replacement of non-standard gas burners with modern ones and energy efficiency; phased implementation of the energy management system in accordance with the international standard (ISO 50001) at 24 domestic enterprises and organizations. Sector Energy Executive Agency Energy JSC Uzbekenergo Communal State Committee for Ecology Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Economic Industry, Ministry of Innovations, Ministry of Finance Planned reduction of

UZB

Europe & Central Asia

We will build a new electric power system that the share of new energy resources keep increasing, and work toward an optimized distribution of clean electricity generation on a broad scale. We will make vigorous efforts to enhance the overall adjustable capacity of our electric power system, expedite the construction of flexible power sources, incorporate enterprise-affiliated power plants, the load of traditional energy intensive industries, interruptible industrial and commercial load, electric vehicle charging grids, and virtual power plants into regulation of the power system, build resilient smart electrical grids, and make grids more secure and reliable. We will actively develop the new energy + energy storage model, promote coordination of power source-grid-load-storage, use multiple energy sources to supplement each other, and support the deployment of appropriate energy storage systems for distributed new energy sources. We will draft a new round of medium to long-term development plans for pumped-storage hydro power stations, and refine policies and mechanisms for spurring the development of this type of energy storage. We will accelerate the broad demonstration and application of new types of energy storage. We will deepen structural reform with regard to electric power, and speed up development of a unified national electricity market. By 2025, installed capacity of new types of energy storage will reach 30 gigawatts or more. By 2030, installed pumped-storage hydro power capacity will reach approximately 120 gigawatts, and provincial-level electrical grids will be equipped with peak load response capacity of 5% or more.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

4.3.2 o To make sure that by 2010 renewable energies are in a strategic and competitive position with respect to fossil fuels, by increasing their contribution to the Spanish energy mix in terms of PER considerations to 32% of the gross electricity consumption by 2012, and 37% by 2020. industrial equipment, as well as buildings.

ESP

Europe & Central Asia

-An increased threat to livelihood to unfavourable climate conditions. -Degradation of the physical integrity of critical marine and fresh water environments. -Changes in fish supply in response to changes in breeding habitats or other stresses.

BLZ

Latin America & Caribbean

The energy sector includes the Mitigation approach to reduce GHG emissions in the sector and the Adaptation approach to improve the conditions and resilience of the population with respect to the effects of climate change; the management areas that make up the sector or the areas where an impact is expected to be achieved, defined as Electricity generation, an area that considers variables that affect the production and processing of energy from the supplier's point of view, Electricity consumption, which takes into account the variables that affect the consumer sectors and their energy consumption patterns, and Electricity access, which analyzes variables that affect the coverage, access and availability of energy in the general population; The lines of work, which would represent a set of measures and indicators to be worked on in the energy sector according to macro objectives to be achieved, such as the development of the electricity system, the limitation of polluting energies in the electricity matrix, the application of energy efficiency measures, the electrification of energy consumption, the expansion of the availability of energy resources, the improvement of interaction capacities with the electricity grid (Figure 1).

BOL

Latin America & Caribbean

has. by 50%, if the activity level of the attribution element is reduced by at least 50% and by less than 75%; b. 75%, if the activity level of the attribution element is reduced by at least 75% and by less than 90%; vs. by 100%, if the activity level of the attribution element is reduced by at least 90%. SL Increase in the quantity of emission rights allocated free of charge ¹ The quantity of emission rights allocated each year free of charge to a company covered by the ETS is increased when a physical modification of a fixed installation or the construction of a new fixed installation leads to an increase of at least less than 10% of the installed capacity of an allocation element.

CHE

Europe & Central Asia

Graph N 12. Variation in the cost of solar installations at the residential level Fuente: Tracking the Sun IX. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The large increase in photovoltaic panel installations for self-consumption is presumed to be associated with the decrease in technology costs (see graph N 12).

PAN

Latin America & Caribbean

2.3.1 Ensuring a 13% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption by 2020 2.3.2 Ensuring a 10% share of energy from renewable sources in transport by 2020 while reducing NO VOC and PM2.5 emissions from transport 2.3.3 Ensuring the commitment to increase energy efficiency by 2020

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

The total target is in accordance with Directive 2009/28/EC - Estonia must ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources amounts to 25% of the gross final consumption of energy by 2020. The same directive also provides that each member state shall adopt a National Renewable Energy Action Plan. In Estonia, the National Renewable Energy Action Plan up to 2020 (NREAP) was approved by the Government in November 2010 (Order No 452, 26.11.2010). The national goals for Estonia in the EU 20-20-20 package require a 25% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption by 2020 and allow for an 11% increase in GHG emissions outside the emissions trading directive scope by 2020, compared to the 2005 level. The 10% share of renewable energy sources in road transport

EST

Europe & Central Asia

NAPA, NCCP and GCF country Program Responsible Ministry of/for Environment; MoPW, Responsible MUPD and UNTL Ministry of/for Environment

TLS

East Asia & Pacific

GOSL, 2014. Environmental Management Act, 2014. Implementing a Framework for Environmental Management. Ministry of Sustainable Development, Energy, Science and Technology. GOSL., 2012. Water Resources Management Agency Strategic Plan: 2012 to 2017. GOSL, 2014. Draft Saint Lucia Pollution Regulations 2014. Implementing a Framework for Environmental Management. Ministry of Sustainable Development, Energy, Science and Technology.

LCA

Latin America & Caribbean

regulations in the short to medium term is fundamental in reducing carbon emissions. EU legislation sets mandatory emission reduction targets for new cars and vans sold in Europe. A 164g CO₂/km. The regulation has driven car manufacturers to develop innovative energy efficient

IRL

Europe & Central Asia

3.18.5.1 Increasing transparency of progress 3.18.5 Demonstrating progress towards net zero government to choose how they intervene in their sectors, to allow more agile, smarter regulation. The Government would like to see a consistent approach taken across the various regulated sectors and will set out more thinking on this in due course.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

rise to a network of streams which provides the main source of potable water on the main island. The Hague in November 2000. ranging from a low of - 3.36 per cent in 2010 to a high of 7.69 per cent in 2003.

VCT

Latin America & Caribbean

In the Governmental agreement from November 2017 is a strong focus on climate issues, including a pledge for Iceland to become carbon neutral no later than 2040. In the agreement it is also stated that new action plan will be published, including all sectors, Climate committee will be established, and the carbon tax will be increased. The focus has been set on action and measures to enable Iceland to meet the targets of 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emission in 2030 compared to 1990 and to gain carbon neutrality no later than 2040. 4.1 Background and recent policy development

ISL

Europe & Central Asia

The Government wants to promote the establishment of new green growth businesses and Denmark as a workshop for the development of new green technologies. With the 2020 climate agreement on energy and industry, there is broad political support for Denmark taking the global lead in renewable energy and ensuring an ambitious green transition of industry.² Denmark is facing an ambitious expansion of green energy and a significant investment in green technologies of the future, including carbon capture and Power-to-X. Denmark has entered into a partnership with the Netherlands, which will finance a subsidy scheme for Power-to-X plants with at least 750 million DKK. The collaboration will help to collect experiences with large-scale production of green fuels for transport and industry, and strengthen international cooperation in the Power-to-X sector. The UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that capture and storage are necessary to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. These technologies will contribute to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, including in sectors where it is currently difficult or not Denmark is leading the way with an ambitious national green transition, and we can make great strides with established technologies and instruments. But there is also a need to develop technologies through cooperation with other countries and the international business community to attract knowledge, innovation and investments from other countries, businesses and actors. This can contribute to our domestic efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% by 2030 and the goal of climate neutrality by 2050. The Government will work to attract green investments to Denmark and engage in international collaborations on innovation and research, which can strengthen the role of Danish knowledge institutions and accelerate the development of new green technologies that can contribute to maintaining Danish positions of strength. Intensified climate diplomacy efforts can also contribute to these efforts. 65 billion DKK², this sector provides a basis for increased green growth in Denmark and contributions to the global green transition. Therefore, Danish businesses need favourable conditions for developing and exporting new green products and solutions, including access to export promotion initiatives and financing. as well as new incentives for research and development. The Government will work to ensure the spread of Danish businesses' green solutions through a focused export promotion initiative and by further strengthening green economic diplomacy.

DNK

Europe & Central Asia

DEA, 2014j: Climate Change and Human Health. Climate and Impacts Factsheet Series, Department of Environmental Affairs, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa. DEA, 2014h: Climate Change Adaptation: Human Settlements. Adaptation Scenarios Factsheet Republic of South Africa.

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

"Agenda 21", have drawn the government's attention to some of the emerging issues e.g. degradation of the environment and natural resources. In addition, climate change is Development Strategies, each of four year timeframe which is also the life time of the

KIR

East Asia & Pacific

autumn and winter floods caused by precipitation will increase especially in large lakes and their outflow rivers. 190 6 Climate change impacts, adaptation measures and vulnerability assessment Adaptation to climate change is also addressed in the River Basin Management Plans to 2021, based on the EU Water Framework Directive. These plans were updated and adopted by the Government in December 2015 for 2016 to 2021. The main objective is to achieve good ecological and chemical status in surface and ground waters taking into account climate change. Adaptive measures for improving nutrient management, better risk management of accidents such as overflows from waste water treatment plants and better management of storm water are ongoing in many sectors. Additionally, many natural water retention measures are suggested in recently updated plans.

FIN

Europe & Central Asia

By 2030, the volumes of primary energy consumption in the North- Western federal district will have exceeded the level of 2008 by the fac- tor of 1.4-1.6. The primary energy production will grow at higher rates in the regions (by 2030, the level of 2008 will have been overcome by the factor of 2.5-2.7), as a result, the North-Western federal district will no more be an energy-deficient region by the end of the second phase of the Strategy implementation, and by 2030, the level of the region's provision with primary energy will have reached 114-128%.

RUS

Europe & Central Asia

Mongolia's primary source of energy is coal; it is estimated that there are 173 billion tonnes of coal. Coal-fired thermal power plants accounted for a total of 96.1% of the total electricity supply in 2015; a total of 5541.74 GWh of electricity. There are quite numbers of regulations in place aimed at reducing GHG emissions by increasing renewable energy and improving energy efficiency. Such as Mongolia's 2030 Sustainable Development in energy supply related goals include: the share of power demand supplied by domestic power generation sources will be 100% by 2030, the share of renewable energy sources in total installed power capacity for domestic supply will be 30% by 2030, the use of nuclear energy for electricity and heat generation for the period 2025-2030. Mongolia's Renewable Energy Law was approved in 2007 and renovated in 2015. Its purpose is to regulate the generation and delivery of power from renewable energy resources and to encourage the development of privately financed power projects by setting up the legal framework that will allow electricity from Renewable energy to be bought. One of the main factors which are contributing to energy usage is heat loss in buildings. Green Development Policy aims to decrease heat loss by 40% by 2030 by insulation improvements for existing buildings and the implementation of new energy-efficient standards for new buildings. The Energy Conservation (EC) Law of Mongolia was approved by the Parliament on 26 November 2015. The EC Law mandates large energy consumers to undergo an energy audit and to report annually

MNG

East Asia & Pacific

the Secretariat of Planning of the Energy Subsector. by agreement, of human, technical and financial resources, as well as materials and equipment necessary for the performance of its functions in accordance with the

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

quantitative assessment of effects of PaMs in the field of electricity generation from renewable energy sources: while most EU Member States and by extension, most countries - own a "double dividend" from the encouragement of electricity generation from renewable ("carbon neutral") sources - by increasing the share of renewable energy in accordance with the RED (Directive No 2009/28/EC) and, in addition, by lowering GHG emissions from electricity generation - Luxembourg only benefits from the increase in the share of renewable energy. Electricity generated in Luxembourg from renewable sources does not substitute generation from fossil fuels, as it is the case in most other Member States as it replaces electricity imports, which are "carbon neutral" according to IPCC allocation rule of GHG emissions based on the territorial principle. Therefore the promotion of electricity generation from renewable energy sources or from CHP to replace electricity imports does not have an impact on the GHG emissions, and are consequently not considered as measures in this report and are, de facto, included in the baseline - or BAU - scenario.

LUX

Europe & Central Asia

CO, emissions were estimated following a Tier 2 methodological approach available in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, by multiplying the above-mentioned emission factors to annual activity data on hydrated lime production considering the type of lime produced, the correction factor or the amount of lime kiln dust, LKD representing a mixture of raw materials varying from an uncalcined state to a completely calcined state. Virtually, all types of kilns used to produce lime generate such dust, but the amount depends on the technology applied within the respective factory. It should be noted that the lime kiln dust can be retained by electrostatic precipitation or filtration, and it is possible to return it to the kiln as raw material. Related to CO₂ emissions, any amount of dust that is not returned to the kiln is considered to be a system loss. Table 4-20: Default EFs used to estimate CO₂ emissions from glass production Under this source category are covered GHG emissions originated from the production of different types of glass (flat window glass, multi-layer insulating glass, mirrors, glassware, tableware, specialty glass, etc.). Glass is produced from a raw material mix containing silica (SiO₂), sodium (Na,0), lime (CaO) or other carbonates (CaCO,, CaMg(CO), Na₂CO,, BaCO,, K,CO, SrCO,, etc.), with small admixture of aluminium (AIO) and alkaline substances, plus other minor ingredients. The process of glass production allows for a small quantity of recycled glass (cullet) to be used (its share can vary between 10-80 per cent of the total raw material used). The melting process for different types of glass is similar. The process of glass production implies the following phases: selection and preparation of the raw material, melting, moulding, hardening, quenching, and finishing.

MDA

Europe & Central Asia

Enteric fermentation Extreme weather event Fire weather conditions First Nations Forest degradation Forest Fire Danger Index Fugitive emissions Full Carbon Accounting Model (FullCAM) Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) Indigenous rangers Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) The process in animals by which gases, including methane, are produced as a by-product of the microbial fermentation associated with digestion of feed. A weather event that is rare at a particular place and time of year.'Rare' can be defined as being in the 10th or 90th percentile of the probability observed in past trends. Climatic conditions that increase or reduce the likelihood of bushfires. High temperatures, low rainfall and humidity, and high winds increase the likelihood of fire. A generic term for Indigenous peoples of any country. In Australia, the term refers to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people; however, the term is not limited to Indigenous peoples of Australia and can be used to describe Indigenous peoples from other countries (e.g. Canada). A direct, human-induced activity that leads to a long-term reduction in forest carbon stocks. Used to forecast the influence of weather on fire behaviour in forests. The index is related to the chances of a fire starting, its rate of spread, and its intensity and difficulty of suppression, according to various combinations of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and long- and short-term drought effects. Fugitive emissions involve the release of non-combustion, greenhouse gases arising from the production and delivery of fossil fuels. Fugitive emissions from solid fuels arise from the production, transport and handling of coal, and emissions from decommissioned mines and coal mine waste gas flaring. Fugitive emissions from oil and gas extraction, production and transport involve venting, flaring, leakage, evaporation and storage losses. Fugitive emissions from carbon dioxide transport and storage arise from the transport, injection and storage of carbon dioxide associated with carbon capture and storage activities. A calculation tool for modelling Australia's greenhouse gas emissions from the land sector. FullCAM is used in Australia's National

AUS

East Asia & Pacific

11 In the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures (Cabinet decision on May 13, 2016), Japan has committed to lead the international community so that major emitters reduce their emissions in accordance to their abilities under the fair and effective international framework in which all major countries participate, based upon the Paris Agreement. It has also committed to working on 80% reduction of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 as a long-term goal, while balancing global warming countermeasures and economic growth.

JPN

East Asia & Pacific

To ensure that the 2030 targets are achieved, in 2018 the Climate Action Plan 2050 will be underpinned with a programme of measures having quantifiable

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

Mitigation Measure Brief Description Clean Air Ontario Program Brief Description Qubec Public Transit Development Assistance Program Brief Description Qubec Transportation Electrification Initiatives Brief Description C, CH, NO Reduce pollutants that contribute to the Smog emitted by vehicles CO,CH, NO Reduce GHG emissions from the Transportation Economics sector Type of instrument Sectors targeted GHGs targeted Targeted objective or activity Ontario has established or is in the process of establishing new initiatives to support the adoption of electric vehicles, including an electric vehicle incentive program, the Ontario Electric Vehicle Charging Station Program, the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Incentive Program, the Electric Vehicle Discovery Center, the electric vehicle overnight charging station, the Electric and Hydrogen Vehicle Promotion Partnership and the Electric School Bus Pilot Program. Ontario has set a 5% sales target in 2020 for electric and hydrogen passenger vehicles. Ontario Transportation NE C, CH NO Implemented 1999 Implement Drive Clean Ontario is a mandatory emissions inspection and vehicle maintenance program for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. Light-duty vehicles registered in the program area must be tested every two years, and heavy-duty vehicles registered in the province must be tested annually, unless they are exempt from one. year out of two because of the good results obtained. Transport Responsible for implementation Reduce GHG emissions from the transport sector and accelerate the deployment of electric vehicles and related infrastructure Economy Qubec Status of implementation Qubec Start of implementation Measure implemented 2013 implemented Measure The program will have an impact on GHG emissions associated with passenger transportation through the support of transit authorities in increasing transit-related services, activities and capital projects. investments are made in urban and rural services as well as in inter-regional bus service. CO) 30.1 kt NE NE NE Qubec attaches great importance to electric transportation, including light vehicles and electric public transit, and to promoting the development of the industrial electrification sector. The targets for 2020 are: to reach 100,000 electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles; reduce the number of liters of fuel consumed annually in Quebec by 66 million; 5,000 jobs in the electric vehicle sector and have led to investments of $500 million. The Drive Green program has two components: the Drive Electric program and the Branch au travail program. The Drive Electric program offers a rebate on the purchase or lease to individuals, businesses, non-profit organizations and municipalities in Quebec who wish to

CAN

North America

Within the industry sector, reliance on negative emissions was seen in all pathways. Similar to results from the Trottier Institute and Canada's LTS modelling, negative emissions are found to be necessary to achieve Canada's net zero by 2050 target, such as through the deployment of DAC and BECCS. • However, CCI's analysis found that Canada can reach net zero by 2050 without relying on engineered negative solutions, with nature-based solutions playing a larger role. This conclusion is unlike Canada's LTS scenario results, which assumed a specific emission reduction from LULUCF across all scenarios and models.

CAN

North America

The Solomon Islands is a small contributor to the greenhouse gas emissions by any measurable indicator and yet it is at the frontline of the wrath of climate change and sea level rise. Solomon Islands has a right to develop its economy and improve the well-being of its population. Thus Solomon Islands contribution towards limiting the global temperature to below 1.5C relative to pre-industrial levels provides a moral imperative as a global citizen. The government has embarked on a number of actions which will result in increasing the use of renewable energy technologies, improving energy security and reduction of GHG emissions. However, the main focus for long term sustainable development still remains the issue of addressing the adverse impacts of climate change and its consequent sea-level rise.

SLB

East Asia & Pacific

Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 implies achieving a balance between greenhouse gas emissions and absorptions on national territory. Indeed, by 2050, by mobilizing to the maximum the potential of each lever available to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, without however making technological bets, a certain level of emissions seems incompressible, in particular in non-energy sectors (particularly agriculture). To achieve carbon neutrality, these emissions must be offset by carbon sinks, such as: ecosystems managed by humans (forests, agricultural land, etc.), products and materials derived from the bioeconomy from plant materials (wood, straw, etc.), industrial processes (capture and storage or reuse of carbon - see appendix 5. CSUC).

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

d) Mitigation contribution relative to the reference indicator, expressed nu- merically, for example in percentage or amount of reduction; e) Information on sources of data used in quantifying the reference point(s); a) Time frame and/or period for im- plementation, including start and end date, consistent with any further rel- evant decision adopted by the Con- ference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CP/RA)(CMA); b) Whether it is a single-year or multi- year target, as applicable; a) General description of the target; ment, which promotes HFC reduction actions Participation in the Nitric Acid Climate Action Group (NACAG) for NO mitigation Mexico generates its National Inventory of Greenhouse Gases and Compounds (INEGYCEI), with IPCC 2006 the methodologies and established by the IPCC f) Information on the circumstanc 2006 and, in accordance with the guidel of the Convention, country under which the Party may update the will submit its reports by means of the Biennial Update Reports. Subsequent reports will describe the advances and methodological improvements of IN- EGYCEI, as well as the baseline. Available at https://datos.gob.mx/busca/dataset/ inventario-nacional-de-emisiones-de-gases-y-compuestos-de-efecto-invernadero-inegycei values of the reference indicators; 2. Time frames and/or periods for implementation: b) Sectors, gases, categories, and pools covered by the nationally determined contribution, including, as applica- ble, consistent with Intergovernmen- tal Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines; In addition, in terms of strengthening the means of implementation and trans- parency, the following actions will be performed: Climate finance strategy Technological innovation policy to combat climate change International cooperation based on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement Strengthening of MRV systems for GHG emissions Evaluation of public policies in mitigation and adaptation The emissions projection was based on the activity data and

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

The Environmental Goals and Sustainable Prosperity Act (2007) In 2007, Nova Scotia passed legislation outlining principles for sustainable economic growth, including a requirement to reduce GHG emissions in the province to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020. The development and implementation of the Nova Scotia Climate Action Plan led to early action on the electricity sector, the largest source of emissions in the province. As a result, Nova Scotia has not only achieved its target six years early, it has also already met the Canadian 2030 target of 30% below 2005 levels, and is on a track to continue reducing emissions. Tidal Energy

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Nova Scotia has implemented two separate regulations to reduce emissions from the electricity sector and to improve the supply of renewable energy; together, these two regulations are expected to result in a reduction of 2,700 kt eq. CO in 2020. The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Regulations put in place a mandatory declining cap for GHG emissions from power plants. From a baseline of 10.2 Mt (2007), reductions are planned in incremental steps so that emissions total 7,500 kt or less by 2020 and are down to 4,500 kt or less. less by 2030. The total GHG reduction from the electricity sector from 2007 to 2030 will be at least 5,700 kt eq. CO. Under the Renewable Electricity Regulations, 40% of electricity supply must come from renewable sources by 2020. This will involve adopting a diverse mix of energy sources, including wind power, tidal power, solar power, hydropower and bioenergy. The impact of this mitigation measure is included in the estimate of the federal CO Emissions Reduction measure, resulting from amendments to the Coal-fired Electricity Regulations.

CAN

North America

inclusion of vulnerable groups in the development of Samoa. Vulnerable groups will have increased access to Post Secondary Education Training and Technical Vocational Education Training opportunities. Climate and disaster resilience activities at village level will be supported as an essential part of community capacity building actions in areas such as infrastructure, skills building, knowledge sharing, increasing access to information and preparedness. Country wide investments applied at village and district levels will incorporate climate and disaster resilience. These outcomes support the global Sustainable Development Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls and Sustainable Development Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries. 8.2). Community Safety Improved

WSM

East Asia & Pacific

(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting before the period at the end of the first sentence the following: ", including increasing and verifying compliance with such codes"; and (2) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following: "(2) Additional funding shall be provided under this subsection for implementation of a plan to achieve and document at least a 90 percent rate of compliance with residential and commercial building energy efficiency codes, based on energy performance- "(A) to a State that has adopted and is implementing, on a statewide basis- "(i) a residential building energy efficiency code that meets or exceeds the requirements of the 2004 Inter- national Energy Conservation Code, or any succeeding version of that code that has received an affirmative deter- mination from the Secretary under subsection (a)(5)(A); and "(ii) a commercial building energy efficiency code that meets or exceeds the requirements of the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004, or any succeeding version of that standard that has received an affirmative determination from the Secretary under subsection (b)(2)(A); or "(B) in a State in which there is no statewide energy code either for residential buildings or for commercial buildings, to a local government that has adopted and is implementing residential and commercial building energy efficiency codes, as described in subparagraph (A). "(3) Of the amounts made available under this subsection, the Secretary may use $500,000 for each fiscal year to train State and local officials to implement codes described in paragraph (2). "(4XA) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out. this subsection- "(i) $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2010; and "(ii) such sums as are necessary for fiscal year 2011 and each fiscal year thereafter. "(B) Funding provided to States under paragraph (2) for each fiscal year shall not exceed one-half of the excess of funding under this subsection over $5,000,000 for the fiscal year.". Subtitle C-Energy Efficient Products

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

INEC. 2000. "III National Agricultural Census". National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Aquaculture and Fisheries (MAGAP), Agricultural Information Service (SICA). Ecuador. INEC. 2010. "Preliminary Data VII Population Census and VI Housing 2010". National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). Quito, Ecuador. National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (INAMHI), with the support of the Ministry of the Environment of Ecuador, Project for Adaptation to the Impact of the Accelerated Retreat of Glaciers in the Tropical Andes (PRAA), Project for Adaptation to Climate Change through Effective Water Governance in Ecuador (PACC), and the GEF/UNDP/MAE Second National Communication Project on climate change, and the participation of the General Secretariat of the Andean Community (SGCA). 2010. Statistical Analysis with FClimdex in Ecuador. Quito. IPCC. 2001. "Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Program Ambient". Intergovernmental Panel of Experts on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland. IPCC. 2002. Climate Change and Biodiversity. Technical Document V of the IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Program. Intergovernmental Panel of Experts on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland. IPCC. 2006. "IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories." Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Swiss. IPCC. 2007. "Climate Change 2007: the AR4 Synthesis Report." Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Swiss. IPCC. 2007b. Parry, M.; Canziani, O.; Palutikof, J.; Van der Linden, P. & Hanson, C (Eds). Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge. MAE. 2001. "National Biodiversity Policy and Strategy of Ecuador." Ministry of the Environment (MAE). Quito, Ecuador. MA

ECU

Latin America & Caribbean

It can be seen in Figure 2-4 (left), by type of fuel the major sources of CO2 emissions in energy sector is gas fuels combustions. Figure 1 (right) shows the sectoral sources of CO emissions in energy during 2005-2015 is dominated by the up-stream oil and gas production facility, in which the GHG emissions is generated from natural gas combustions for own use in the up-stream oil and gas production facility. After this up-stream facility, the main sectoral sources are dominated by road and water-born transportation, power generation, residential and fugitive. However, after 2012 the contribution of GHG emissions from fuel combustions for power generation increase exceeds the GHG emissions from fuel combustions for the road and water-born transportation. The calculation of CO emissions from fuel combustions using sectoral approach usually is slightly higher if compare those are calculated by reference approach. It indicates possible problems with the collection of activity data and parameters used in estimating GHG emission level that related to net calorific values, carbon content, excluded carbon calculation, etc. The reference approach still can be used in the estimation of GHG emissions in energy sector if there is no comprehensive energy balance table available in the national Statistics. However, for the case of Timor-Leste, the comparison of the calculation of CO emissions from fuel combustions under reference and sectoral approaches shows that there is no significant discrepancy (see Figure 2-4). It can be seen from the figure that the discrepancy is almost neglected, and it is only occurred in 2015, i.e. 0.02%.

TLS

East Asia & Pacific

The State Program of Measures to Mitigate the Consequences of Climate Change for 2013-2020 (hereinafter referred to as the State Program) was developed in pursuance of the obligations of the Republic of Belarus under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as the Framework Convention) and the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change (hereinafter referred to as the Kyoto Protocol), in the development of the National Program of Measures to Mitigate the Consequences of Climate Change for 2008-2012, approved by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated August 4, 2008 No. 1117 (National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2008, No. 188, 5/28111), and taking into account the requirements of the Program of Socio-Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus for 2011-2015, approved by Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated April 11, 2011 No. 136 (National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2011, No. 43, 1/12462), emission reduction target greenhouse gases in accordance with Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated May 7, 2012 No. 224 "On negotiating a draft amendment to Annex B to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" (National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2012., No. 53, 1/13497), other state programs providing for the greening of industrial production, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, expanding the use of renewable and local energy sources

BLR

Europe & Central Asia

(c) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Paris Agreement; (d) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement; (e) How the Party has addressed Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Paris Agreement. 7. How the NDC contributes set out in its Article 2 (a) How the nationally determined contribution contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention as set out in its Article 2; (b) How the nationally determined contribution contributes towards Article 2, paragraph 1(a), and Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement. safeguarding the welfare of the people and ensuring a clean, green and healthy environment for every citizen. Brunei Darussalam's NDC has continued to enhance its mitigation efforts and moved towards economy-wide GHG emissions reduction in light of its national circumstances, which reflects its efforts as a developing country Party to address Article 4, paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement. Not applicable. towards achieving the objectives of the Convention as Brunei Darussalam's target to reduce GHG emissions by 20% by 2030 from Business-as-Usual levels is in line with the objectives set out in Article 2 of the Convention. Brunei Darussalam's target to reduce GHG emissions by 20% by 2030 from Business-as-Usual levels is in line with the objectives of the Paris Agreement, and is aimed at achieving the long term-temperature goal set out in Article 2, paragraph 1(a), of the Paris Agreement. As a developing country, Brunei Darussalam will endeavour to limit the increase in GHG emissions in accordance to its national capacity and circumstances with so as to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and

BRN

East Asia & Pacific

In preparing the proposal, the Ministry of Economy, Planning and Development and the National State Reform Council had the support of multiple national and international organizations and experts, and the most diverse sectors and groups of stakeholders participated in the consultation process. national life. The National Development Strategy marks two milestones in the future of the Nation. In the first place, through extensive consultations, it has been possible to define which country Dominicans want to have by the year 2030, and what are the best ways to achieve it. There is, therefore, a national agreement on what we want and how to achieve it. This agreement must bring about the union of wills to ensure that the policies set forth in the Strategy are promoted to achieve the necessary reforms. The other milestone is that the National Development Strategy means a fundamental change in the way the State is run. The fact of having agreed on objectives, policies and goals should lead to a fundamental continuity of state action in pursuit of the achievement of the country that Dominican men and women said they wanted. Improvisation and lack of coordination in state actions must become a thing of the past.

DOM

Latin America & Caribbean

Post-2012, new developments in the local electricity generation sector played a crucial part in the reversal of the emissions trend for energy industries. Marsa Power Station was largely decommissioned (one operational unit remaining solely for emergency stand-by purposes still in place), investment was made in an interconnector with mainland Europe, thus allowing for the possibility to source electricity from the European grid, and the construction and bringing into operation of a gas-fired plant. These investments together have led to the drastic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions that may be observed after 2012, coupled by significant improvements in the overall emissions intensity of indigenous electricity generation. It is to note that all existing public electricity generation plants mentioned here fall within the scope of the European Union's Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and are subject to monitoring, reporting and emissions accounting obligations under the EU ETS. Historical CO emissions, electricity generated in Malta and electricity sources through the interconnector, since 2005 (the first year of implementation of the EU ETS) are shown in Figure 16. Furthermore, progress is being achieved with regards to sourcing of a share of local energy demand from renewable energy sources. The share of renewable energy in relation to gross final electricity consumption is estimated to have reached 6.6% by 2017.

MLT

Europe & Central Asia

According to the 2020-2030 energy strategy, the country has the opportunity to increase the share of renewable energy sources (hydro, wind and solar), and thus reduce the share of imported electricity and generation of imported thermal power plants, thereby increasing the degree of energy independence and clean energy. In December 2019, the Law on Encouraging the Production and Use of Energy from Renewable Sources, adopted by the Parliament of Georgia, provides a legal basis for mechanisms to promote the production of renewable energy, the so-called "development of support schemes". Such mechanisms in international practice are the "Premium Tariff", "Green Certificate", "Price Difference Agreement" and "Special Green Tariff". The purpose of these mechanisms is to facilitate the production of electricity from renewable energy sources (hydro, wind, solar). Also, according to this law, by the end of 2020 the government must approve the support schemes developed by the Ministry, which include incentives, schemes or mechanisms for the use of energy from renewable sources, including biomass, in Georgia, such as: investment assistance, tax exemption or reduction, Tax refund. By 2021, the rules for announcing and conducting a competitive auction to encourage the production of energy from renewable sources and the granting and revoking of the status of privileged producer of energy from renewable sources should be adopted.

GEO

Europe & Central Asia

-4 Proposed renewable energy and energy efficiency targets Grid electricity (large scale electricity generation) o High market penetration scenario - 20% of generation mix in 2025 (3467 GWh) o Baseline scenario - 15 % of generation mix in 2025 (2600 GWh). This translates into an overall installed capacity in the year 2025 of 400 MW from wind farms 160 MW from geothermal power stations and 6 MW from power stations using landfill gas o Low market penetration scenario - 10 % of generation mix in 2025 (1733 GWh) Off-grid electrification (electrification of individual rural Households-HH)4 o High market penetration scenario - 160.000 rural HH (65% of identified market potential) to be electrified Solar Home Systems until 2025 (installed capacity app. 8 MWp) o Baseline scenario 110.000 rural HH (45% of identified market potential) to be electrified Solar Home Systems until 2025 (installed capacity ann 55 MW) o High market penetration scenario - 20% of generation mix in 2025 (3467 GWh) o Baseline scenario - 15 % of generation mix in 2025 (2600 GWh). This translates into an overall installed capacity in the year 2025 of 400 MW from wind farms 160 MW from geothermal power stations and 6 MW from power stations using landfill gas Low market penetration scenario - 10% of generation mix in 2025 (1733 GWh)

YEM

Middle East & North Africa

development finance institutions and the CBN in order to install solar systems at an affordable price. The project will also draw on the experience of the 'Energising Economies' project through which customers with low energy demand were provided with electricity on a monthly 'pay-as-you-go' basis by private sector operators. The project will also promote the local production of solar com- ponents and appliances, taking advantage of the work that has already been done in this regard by the NASENI and others. The Solar Power Strategy will support 250,000 jobs and impact up to 25 million beneficiaries through the installation of 5 million Solar Home systems and mini-grids. Provision of reliable elec- tricity to health clinics will also be included as a priority. The project will swiftly increase the stock of affordable energy by providing solar power to rural communities that have little or no access to the national grid. Private sector installers of so- lar systems will be supported to access low-cost financing from

NGA

Sub-Saharan Africa

In the rural sector, there are some 21 atolls and 1 raised island that are currently occupied with 165 villages in many islets. Not all have equal water needs. The first task will be to establish a priority list in four rankings of villages needing improved water supplies. Then in a four phase, each of five years program rapid assessment of current groundwater resources will be undertaken for each priority ranking together with the formation of village or island level water committee. These committees will be used to develop strategies for local ownership, protection and control of water supply systems including identifying rules for water use and for local cost-recovery for maintenance and operation. Under the oversight of the local committees, solar powered pumping and water storages will be developed and sourced from groundwater at some distance from dwellings and livestock. As well investigations will be conducted of the impact of sanitation systems on rural water supplies. A review will be conducted at the end of each phase to identify strengths and weaknesses. It is planned this will be a 20 year program. The revolving loans fund to assist householders in South Tarawa to install rainwater collection and storage tanks has proved a considerable success. This strategy will seek to extend that scheme to more areas in South Tarawa and to rural areas and to provide larger community storages to drier locations. A community awareness program will be conducted to increase understanding of the care, protection and maintenance of rainwater systems. This is considered to be a 5 year program. The government's policy on decentralisation from South Tarawa to designated growth centres will be promoted to decrease inward migration. The Outer Island Water Supply project is designed to increase the attractiveness and amenity of Outer Islands also as an aid too decreasing inward migration. Refurbishment of the supply main has already been carried out in South Tarawa. The distribution system to households will be improved to lower leakage rates and new connections feed tanks with water meters will be installed in 80% of households and a water tariff system will be introduced. Urban Councils will form Water Management Committees to steer this process and a consumer education program will be undertaken on the use, protection and care of the system and on water tariffs. This is a planned 5 year program. Strategy 2: Achieve financially, technically and environmentally sustainable water resource management

KIR

East Asia & Pacific

While both targets 7.A, that is, integrating the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs, and reversing the loss of environmental resources; and 7.B, that is, reducing rate of loss of biodiversity by 2010, have not been achieved, there is some progress in Target 7.C that is, halving, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. As of the second quarter of 2010, 56.8% of urban residents and 3.8% of rural residents had piped water, while 6.1% of the urban population and 23.9% of the rural population relied on public wells. 29.4% of the population had access to a pit latrine, while 38.1% of the population had no access to sanitation facilities. In 2007, only 40.8% of households, nationally, had access to septic tanks or a sewer network while about 63% of households had access to some form of solid residual collection.

LSO

Sub-Saharan Africa

This Regulation sets out a binding objective of climate neutrality in the Union by 2050 in pursuit of the long-term temperature goal set out in point (a) of Article2(1) of the Paris Agreement, and provides a framework for achieving progress in pursuit of the global adaptation goal established in Article7 of the Paris Agreement. This Regulation also sets out a binding Union target of a net domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions for 2030.

EUR

Europe & Central Asia

having (2) cross-sectoral energy conservation sources will be at least 30 % of total energy increase by 50%. Energy Efficiency referred

FSM

East Asia & Pacific

10.2 Knowledge Management and Information, Education and Communication (IEC)

PHL

East Asia & Pacific

Policy impacts Our commitment to a 40GW offshore wind target could help bring forth around 20bn of private investment in renewable energy. Co-ordinated offshore wind connection could deliver up to 6bn in consumer savings by 2050, significantly reducing environmental and social impacts on coastal communities. An estimated 60% of spending on UK offshore wind will be invested back into the economy by 2030. Target Milestones

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

• Residual waste. After re-use & recycling, any residual waste volumes not exported or landfilled are predominantly incinerated in energy from waste plants, with some small use in Manufacturing. All energy from waste plants fit CCS by 2050, to capture the fossil and biogenic CO₂ emissions resulting from the mixed fossil/biogenic waste fractions. Chapter 3:Sector pathways to Net Zero b) Alternative pathways to delivering abatement and fuel supplies

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

61. energy performance contract - a contract between the user and the energy service provider, verified and monitored throughout its duration, whereby the investment in works, equipment and services for the implementation of energy efficiency improvement measures included in the energy service is repaid according to the agreed level of energy efficiency improvement or other agreed criteria, such as financial savings 62. efficient centralized heating and cooling - a centralized heating or cooling system that uses at least 50% of renewable energy, 50% of waste heat, 75% of heat obtained from cogeneration or 50% of a combination of such energy and heat 63. efficient heating and cooling - a heating and cooling system that, in relation to the initial scenario that reflects the usual situation, measurably reduces the consumption of primary energy required to supply one unit of supplied energy within the relevant system boundary in a cost-effective manner, in accordance with the assessment from the analysis costs and benefits in accordance with the Act on the Thermal Energy Market and taking into account the energy required for extraction, conversion, transport and distribution

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Instruments / regulations National Policies National Biodiversity Policy Policies for the Agricultural Sector and the Development of Rural Territories 2015-2018 National Risk Management Policy 2016-2030 Sectoral Public Policy for the Modernization of Public Transportation Buses in the San Jos Metropolitan Area National Policy for Sustainable Production and Consumption 2018-2030 National Policy for Adaptation to Climate Change 2018-2030: DE 41091-MINAE Laws and their regulations Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Year Objective Direction of conservation actions by the State and 2015 integration of the policy in instruments and planning processes of national, sectoral and municipal development, with the active participation of the citizenry Objective 1 Increase agricultural added value, promoting improvements in productivity and sustainable rural development, with a growth between 6 and 8 percent in the period. In order to fulfill this objective, it is necessary to achieve a significant increase in the sector's budget and the financial support required by the private sector, as well as the support of other sectors such as Transport and Infrastructure; Science, Technology and Telecommunications; Economy, Industry, Commerce and Tourism; International Policy and others 2015 Objective 2 Support the national goal of reducing rural poverty through actions that improve living conditions in rural territories and foster the dignity of the rural population. A reduction of rural poverty is proposed; objective that must be achieved through the joint effort between various sectors, especially with work and social security, human development and social inclusion, education, health, nutrition and sports, housing and human settlements, among others. On the other hand, it is necessary that adequate macroeconomic conditions exist for the sector's contribution to be effective at the national level. 2016 Evidences risk factors and strengthens capacities in the construction of a preventive culture that reduces vulnerability, avoids losses and favors effective recovery from possible disaster events, contributing to national development and well-being of the population 2017 Focused on strengthening public transport. It gives continuity to the process of strengthening and modernization of public transport, with the sectorization and begins the phase of effective trunking of urban routes in the Metropolitan Area of San Jos It articulates the national planning instruments in a framework of inter- 2018 coordination inter-institutional and intersectoral based on sustainability, pollution prevention and shared responsibilities. It will strengthen adaptation capacities and resilience conditions and will improve territorial planning in 2018, to reduce the exposure and

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Regarding the implementation of the commitments assumed for the second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol at the level of the European Union, since December 2008 the Energy - Climate Change Package was adopted, through which the efforts to reduce emissions were established of greenhouse gases between Member States. 1 The package distributes among the member states by criteria and targets the UF objectives The package distributes among the member states, by means of criteria and targets, the EU objectives assumed at the 2007 spring European Council, respectively of reducing CO emissions by 20% by 2020 at the EU level and increasing, in the same period of time, by up to 20% of the share of renewable energies in total energy consumption, as well as increasing energy efficiency by 20%. The package includes the following legislative acts:

ROU

Europe & Central Asia

As for attracting funds from the private sector, we will promote the development of financial market rules, such as standards for information disclosure and evaluation, in cooperation with other countries. Carbon neutrality by 2050 is an extremely difficult task, requiring more ambitious innovation challenges than ever before. For particularly important projects, after sharing ambitious and specific goals between the public and private sectors, we will provide end-to-end support from technology development to demonstration and social implementation for companies that commit to taking on the challenge of achieving those goals.. For this reason, a fund of 2 trillion yen will be created in the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), a national research and development agency.. Based on the implementation plan of this strategy, we will actively pursue priority areas such as (1) greening and electrification of electricity, (2) realization of a hydrogen society, and (3) CO fixation and reuse, which are indispensable for a carbon-neutral society and the foundation of industrial competitiveness. We will continue to support the ambitious research and development of companies that demonstrate their commitment to achieving these targets for the next 10 years.

JPN

East Asia & Pacific

Strategies, plans and programs National Energy Strategy National Logistics Strategy allowing the implementation of the NDC in terms of mitigation Objectives Achieve 52% of the installed electrical power from renewable sources, including 20% solar energy, 20% in wind energy and 12% in hydraulic energy by 2030; Achieve an energy saving of 20% by 2030 compared to the trend evolution; National Waste Reduction and Recovery Strategy National Liquid Sanitation and Wastewater Treatment Program Green Morocco Plan Reduce energy consumption in buildings, industry and transport by 5% by 2020 and 20% in 2030. For the year 2030, energy savings by sector would be 17% for industry, 24.5% for transport, 14% for the city, housing and tertiary sector and 13, 5% for agriculture and sea fishing; Install an additional capacity of 450 MW in combined cycle technology running on imported natural gas by 2030; Supply the main industries with energy through pipelines of imported and regasified natural gas. Reduce logistics costs for the benefit of consumers and the competitiveness of economic operators and through optimized, secure and mass management of the flow of goods; Accelerate GDP growth by increasing added value induced by lower logistics costs; Contribute to sustainable development by reducing nuisances. - Reduce the waste to be disposed of in controlled landfills and improve the recycling-recovery rate by 2030, including: * 20% recycling of household and similar waste (DMA); + 20% recovery of organic matter from AMD; *10% energy recovery from waste; * 25% recycling of industrial waste; *70% recycling of end-of-life vehicles; Create sustainable green jobs, in particular with the integration of scavengers, the creation of more landfill and recovery centers (CEV), the encouragement of the creation of recycling units and the multiplication of public-private agreements. Achieve an overall connection rate to the urban sanitation network of 75% in 2016, 80% in 2020 and 100% in 2030; Achieve a volume of treated wastewater of 50% in 2016, 60% in 2020 and 100% in 2030; Treat wastewater up to the tertiary sector and reuse it at 50% for inland cities in 2020. Modernize the agricultural sector in order to increase agricultural GDP by +60 to 90 billion DH to reach 110 to 150

MAR

Middle East & North Africa

S The levels of natural gas needs of the national market would be around 45 billion m in 2020 and 55 billion m in 2030. To these needs are added the volumes dedicated to export whose revenues contribute to financing of the national economy. to

DZA

Middle East & North Africa

Name of the action Country Program for Carbon Neutrality³ Since the guidance provided by the ENCC and the ENCC Action Plan in 2012, the Carbon Neutrality Country Program (PPCN) was implemented. This program, which was created aimed at organizations, uses the INTE B5 Standard to demonstrate Carbon Neutrality, based on the ISO 14064 family of international standards, which define the specific measurement standards, verification activities and the way to strengthen the quality of the GHG inventories. The Costa Rican Accreditation Entity (ECA) and the verification organizations, the Carbon Neutral Unit of the School of Agriculture of the Humid Tropics Region (EARTH) and the Institute of Technical Standards of Costa Rica (INTECO) ensured the verification processes from 2012 to 2018. The DCC, as the lead institution, manages the registry of organizations that report on this initiative. 3. Project communicated in the first IBA (MINAE, 2015, pp.75-82) and update information provided by Mora, L. (03-Oct-2018 and 12-Dec-2019), DCC.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Publish an annual progress update against a set of key indicators for achieving our climate goals. • Expand climate change training to ensure the Civil Service has the skills and people it needs to deliver net zero. 4. Our goal is to go even further to embed net zero across government activity. This will mean that government takes net zero into account when taking decisions, public sector buildings will emit less carbon, our procurement decisions will lead to greener supply chains, and civil servants across government will have the skills they need to deliver this mission.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

The general objective of reducing emissions is to contribute to the global effort to limit global warming below 2C through adaptation measures with co-benefits in terms of mitigation. In the Energy sector, the emissions reduction target is to reduce GHG emissions by 12.8% and 15.6% respectively in 2025 and 2030. The emissions reduction target in the Agriculture sector is 15% by 2030. In the Forestry and other land uses sector, the objective is to sequester 12893811.19 IC and 13216035.32 IC respectively in 2025 and 2030 through reforestation; and 15,034,490.58 IC and 15,296,797.06 IC respectively in 2025 and 2030 through natural regeneration. To develop these objectives, LEAP, EX-ACT and COMAP were used in the Energy, Agriculture and FAT sectors respectively. The scenarios are based on socio-economic assumptions.

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

Carbon dioxide emissions are 13% lower than in 2010. In 2020, the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of railway transportation work will be reduced by 15% compared with 2010. Waterway transportation. Promote the development of large-scale and professional transport ships. speed up

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

The Place-Based Climate Action Network (PCAN), £1m SR22-25, (£3.6m overall) - is a UKRI supported network that is developing city-level Climate Commissions in Leeds, Belfast and Edinburgh and replicating the model at different scales across the UK. These Climate Commissions enlist business and civic leaders to work with local authorities on climate action. This publication is available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ uk-net-zero-research-and-innovation-framework-delivery-plan-2022-to-2025 The National Interdisciplinary Circular Economy Research (NICER) Programme - See Challenge 5.1 and other references.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

- Ensure safety of the dike system, civil works, technical and economic infrastructure, that meets the requirements for natural disaster prevention and mitigation; - Keep the sector growth of 20%, poverty reduction rate of 20% and reduction of green house gas emission at 20% in each 10-year period. 1.2 Specific objectives

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

In January 2007, the Commission published a Renewable Energy Roadmap outlining a long-term strategy and in 2009 the EU adopted Directive 2009/28/EC aiming at increasing the average renewable share across the EU to 20% by 2020. Such Directive sets mandatory national targets for the overall share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy: the national target for Italy is 17%.. EU countries are free to decide their own preferred'mix' of renewable sources, allowing them to take account of their different potentials. They had to present National Action Plans (NAPs) based on indicative trajectories to the European Commission by 30 June 2010, followed by progress reports to be submitted every two years. The objective expressed in the form of a share of energy from renewable sources relative to total consumption in transport, electricity and heating and cooling in 2020 also takes into account the effects of other policy measures addressing energy efficiency. The Directive 2009/28/EU has been transposed by the Legislative Decree N. 28 of 3rd March 2011. The

ITA

Europe & Central Asia

Table 9. (Continuation) Entity Chihuahua Coahuila State of Mexico Guanajuato Sector Energy: generation with renewable sources Waste: wastewater treatment Energy: energy efficiency Transportation Energy: energy efficiency Energy Energy: energy efficiency Energy: use of renewable energy sources Industry Description of the shares Photovoltaic solar farm with a 60 MW capacity, privately owned, installed in the municipality of Ascensin. Photovoltaic solar farm of 35 MW capacity, private property installed in the Municipality of Camargo. Privately owned photovoltaic solar farm with a 35 MW capacity installed in the municipality of Jimnez. Photovoltaic solar farm with a 35 MW capacity, privately owned, installed in the municipality of Ojinaga. Project for a 292.5 KW capacity photovoltaic solar plant, installed in the parking lot of the State Civil Pensions Directorate for own services in the parking lot and in part of the institution's offices. Photovoltaic solar farm with 16 MW capacity, privately owned, installed at the junction to the Moctezuma town, Ahumada municipality, to deliver the energy produced to Lasalle Universities of the country and to the LEONI cable industry in Cd. Cuauhtmoc Drinking water systems operated with energy solar. Project for a photovoltaic solar plant with a capacity of 250 KW, installed on the roof of the Children's Hospital in the city of Chihuahua, to supply approximately 10%. of the electrical energy consumed by the hospital. Wastewater treatment systems by natural methods. Replacement of conventional luminaires by LED luminaires in municipalities. Share your car program (SMADU). Energy savings in the public lighting network in municipalities of the State of Mexico. Energy efficiency and application of renewable energy technologies in the SEDAGRO complex. Electrical energy savings implemented in state agencies with improvement projects, and that have been recognized by the Secretary of Innovation, Science and Higher Education (SICES) of the state of Guanajuato. Savings in the consumption of electrical energy in buildings of the municipal administration of Len, due to the implementation of the use of renewable energies (solar cells). Electrical energy savings implemented by industry, businesses and services, and which have been recognized by the Secretary of Innovation, Science and Higher Education (SICES)

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

Tourism currently provides only around 50,000 Jordanian jobs, representing 6% of the total employment in the various economic sectors. There is a big opportunity to improve the ability of the tourism sector to increase the employment rate to global averages, estimated at about 18% given its ability to create more job opportunities. This increase should include all the Kingdom's governorates. In this context, it is necessary to take measures that would increase job-generating tourism investments, develop the education and training system in various tourist areas and replace foreign labor with Jordanian labor as much as possible. In order to develop Jordan's tourism sector, the efforts that are being made by the concerned authorities, particularly the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, should be continued, by developing the various tourism subsectors in Jordan, such as the religious tourism, continuing to creating new tourist routes and developing those already existing in various governorates of the Kingdom and offering various tourist services in these areas. At the intersection of Jordan's attractiveness as a tourist destination and its potential positioning as a regional diplomatic and humanitarian hub sits conferences and events. The ongoing expansion of Jordan's 5-star hotel market and unique world-class facilities such as the King Hussein Conference Centre at the Dead Sea mean that the basic MICE infrastructure is already in place. Jordan is already host to World Economic Forums and major international industry conferences but could win a greater share of the regional MICE market.

JOR

Middle East & North Africa