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**blank** causes rocks to roll downhill

gravity

**blank** of measurement describes an object 's length

meter

**blank** is used to determine an object 's texture

touch

**blank** is found in food

chemical

A student crumples up a sheet of paper. **blank** property of the paper has changed

shape

**blank** is nonliving

bicycle

the main source of energy for the water cycle is **blank**

sunlight

If an object is attracted to a magnet, the object is most likely made of **blank**

metal

**blank** causes an ice cube to melt

heat

**blank** causes a marble to sink to the bottom of a glass of water

gravity

An object’s hardness, taste, and texture are examples of **blank**

properties

**blank** is necessary for humans to maintain good health

resting

Some birds fly south before winter each year. This is an example of **blank**

migration

**blank** often helps an animal attract a mate

coloration

Windy, cloudy, rainy, and cold are words that help describe **blank**

weather

**blank** can be used to determine an object 's ability to reflect light

sight

A student drops a ball. **blank** force causes the ball to fall to the ground

gravity

**blank** can be used to describe an object 's length

meters

**blank** is being used when a person pushes a wooden block across the floor

mechanical

During winter, the white fur of an arctic fox blends in with the snow. This adaptation is called **blank**

camouflage

Since green plants make their own food, they are called **blank**

producers

Humans depend on **blank** natural resource from the environment

water

Many birds fly south for the winter. This adaptation is called **blank**

migration

Green plants get the energy they need to make food from **blank**

sunlight

When plants and animals die, **blank** organisms help return nutrients to the food chain

decomposers

Some butterflies live an average of two weeks. This period of time is called a life **blank**

span

In New York State, the longest period of daylight occurs during **blank** month

June

Sleet, rain, snow, and hail are forms of **blank**

precipitation

**blank** is needed to change water from a liquid to a gas

heat

**blank** of energy does a person use to pedal a bicycle

mechanical

Base your answers on the information below. One hot, summer day it rained very heavily. After the rain, a plastic pan on a picnic table had 2 cm of rainwater in it. Four hours later, all the rainwater in the pan was gone. **blank** process caused the rainwater in the pan to disappear as it sat outside in the hot air

evaporation

A mother hen clucks loudly **blank** danger is near and her chicks quickly gather around her. Which sense helps the chicks receive this warning about danger from their mother

sound

A student has a ball of clay that sinks **blank** placed in a pan of water. Which property should he change to make the clay float

shape

**blank** of a plant produces the seeds

flower

Fourth graders are planning a roller-skate race. **blank** surface would be the best for this race

blacktop

Animals get energy for growth and repair from **blank**

food

a rabbit 's fur would be thickest during **blank**

winter

**blank** is usually found in nature as a liquid , solid , and gas

water

When a person speaks into a telephone, sound energy is changed mostly into **blank** form of energy

electrical

A car skids along the road and smoke appears to be coming from under the tires. The heat that produces the smoke is caused by **blank**

friction

**blank** a baby shakes a rattle, it makes a noise. Which form of energy was changed to sound energy

mechanical

A ball is tossed up in the air and it comes back down. The ball comes back down because of **blank**

gravity

Sleet and hail are forms of **blank**

precipitation

The movement of soil by wind or water is called **blank**

erosion

**blank** is used to measure the volume of a liquid

graduated cylinder

A marble is dropped in a glass of water. **blank** force pulls the marble to the bottom of the glass

gravity

**blank** causes the leaves of a plant to become larger

growth

One way animals usually respond to a sudden drop in temperature is by **blank**

shivering

A student puts two identical plants in the same type and amount of soil. She gives them the same amount of water. She puts one of these plants near a sunny window and the other in a dark room. This experiment tests how the plants respond to **blank**

light

**blank** most often has a harmful effect on the environment

polluting

In New York State, the shortest period of daylight occurs during **blank** month

December

Elaine wants to measure the volume of a large pitcher of lemonade. **blank** units should Elaine use

liters

Janet has been given some minerals to identify. One of her samples is yellow. **blank** of these minerals is most likely to be yellow

Sulfur

**blank** uses carbon from the air to make food for plants

photosynthesis

Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. **blank** force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill

gravity

Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of **blank**

adaptation

Clouds and fog are made up of **blank**

water

A balloon filled with water is placed in a freezer. **blank** property of the water will change as the water reaches its freezing point

state

One type of animal hatches from an egg, breathes through gills when it is young, and mainly lives on land as an adult. Into **blank** group is this animal classified

amphibians

Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. **blank** activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year

farming

A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to **blank**

friction

A boy can see his face **blank** he looks into a calm pond. Which physical property of the pond makes this happen

reflectiveness

Solar panels are used to absorb sunlight. **blank** color panel would absorb the most sunlight

black

A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. **blank** sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate

hearing

The main function of a tree's trunk is to provide **blank**

support

Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of **blank** adaptation

camouflaging

The condition of the air outdoors at a certain time of day is known as **blank**

weather

**blank** of matter has no definite volume and no definite shape

gas

A student reaches into a bag of objects. **blank** property of the objects can be observed by using only the sense of touch

texture

When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, **blank** physical property of the paper changes

Shape

The distance between Richmond and Norfolk is best measured in ___ **blank**

kilometers

Sonar helps people find **blank** information about an object

Location

Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. **blank** process causes this difference in temperature

convection

Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. **blank** of these kinds of living things is a cow

Herbivore

fourth from the sun in our solar system is **blank**

Mars

A student shines a flashlight on different colors of paper. **blank** color of paper will absorb the most light

Black

**blank** would be most likely to study the changes in animal populations in nature

Ecologist

Heat was applied to a substance. First the substance expanded, and then it melted. **blank** state of matter did the substance start off as

Solid

**blank** mineral, found in Arkansas, is an ore that can be used to produce aluminum

bauxite

A student is investigating the properties of a mineral. The student tests the mineral by putting it under an ultraviolet light. **blank** property of the mineral can be identified using this test

fluorescence

a satellite of the planet earth is **blank** in the sky

Moon

**blank** pulls things towards the center of earth

gravity

Irene needs to join two boards together. **blank** would NOT be used to join the boards together

saw

If your hands are cold, you can warm them by rubbing them together. The heat energy that you produce is caused by **blank**

friction

When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be **blank**

fair

The parts of plants that make seeds are the **blank**

flowers

Plants use sunlight to make **blank**

food

A student picked up a small rock using a magnet. The rock probably contained **blank**

iron

**blank** causes sound

vibrations

**blank** of the following properties best describes a material 's ability to resist scratching

hardness

In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of **blank**

precipitation

**blank** of the following fasteners are best to use to fasten the sides of a wooden birdhouse

nails

Water moves directly from a lake to the air by **blank** of the following processes

evaporation

**blank** of organism is made of one cell

bacteria

the highest temperatures are most often recorded during **blank**

afternoon

A student walks to school one morning and notices the grass is wet but the streets are dry. **blank** of these processes most likely caused the grass to be wet

condensation

A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. **blank** force causes the ball to slow while traveling up

gravity

**blank** is grown for food

Rice

not lay eggs **blank** of these animals

dogs

Small grasshoppers shed their outer covering as they grow larger. **blank** animal also sheds its outer covering as it grows larger

snake