remove inference
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README.md
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- kmfoda/booksum
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metrics:
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- rouge
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- text: large earthquakes along a given fault segment do not occur at random intervals
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because it takes time to accumulate the strain energy for the rupture. The rates
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at which tectonic plates move and accumulate strain at their boundaries are approximately
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uniform. Therefore, in first approximation, one may expect that large ruptures
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of the same fault segment will occur at approximately constant time intervals.
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If subsequent main shocks have different amounts of slip across the fault, then
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the recurrence time may vary, and the basic idea of periodic mainshocks must be
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modified. For great plate boundary ruptures the length and slip often vary by
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a factor of 2. Along the southern segment of the San Andreas fault the recurrence
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interval is 145 years with variations of several decades. The smaller the standard
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deviation of the average recurrence interval, the more specific could be the long
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term prediction of a future mainshock.
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example_title: earthquakes
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- text: " A typical feed-forward neural field algorithm. Spatiotemporal coordinates\
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\ are fed into a neural network that predicts values in the reconstructed domain.\
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\ Then, this domain is mapped to the sensor domain where sensor measurements are\
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\ available as supervision. Class and Section Problems Addressed Generalization\
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\ (Section 2) Inverse problems, ill-posed problems, editability; symmetries. Hybrid\
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\ Representations (Section 3) Computation & memory efficiency, representation\
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\ capacity, editability: Forward Maps (Section 4) Inverse problems Network Architecture\
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\ (Section 5) Spectral bias, integration & derivatives. Manipulating Neural Fields\
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\ (Section 6) Edit ability, constraints, regularization. Table 2: The five classes\
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\ of techniques in the neural field toolbox each addresses problems that arise\
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\ in learning, inference, and control. (Section 3). We can supervise reconstruction\
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\ via differentiable forward maps that transform Or project our domain (e.g, 3D\
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\ reconstruction via 2D images; Section 4) With appropriate network architecture\
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\ choices, we can overcome neural network spectral biases (blurriness) and efficiently\
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\ compute derivatives and integrals (Section 5). Finally, we can manipulate neural\
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\ fields to add constraints and regularizations, and to achieve editable representations\
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\ (Section 6). Collectively, these classes constitute a 'toolbox' of techniques\
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\ to help solve problems with neural fields There are three components in a conditional\
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\ neural field: (1) An encoder or inference function \u20AC that outputs the conditioning\
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\ latent variable 2 given an observation 0 E(0) =2. 2 is typically a low-dimensional\
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\ vector, and is often referred to aS a latent code Or feature code_ (2) A mapping\
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\ function 4 between Z and neural field parameters O: Y(z) = O; (3) The neural\
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\ field itself $. The encoder \u20AC finds the most probable z given the observations\
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\ O: argmaxz P(2/0). The decoder maximizes the inverse conditional probability\
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\ to find the most probable 0 given Z: arg- max P(Olz). We discuss different encoding\
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\ schemes with different optimality guarantees (Section 2.1.1), both global and\
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\ local conditioning (Section 2.1.2), and different mapping functions Y (Section\
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\ 2.1.3) 2. Generalization Suppose we wish to estimate a plausible 3D surface\
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\ shape given a partial or noisy point cloud. We need a suitable prior over the\
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\ sur- face in its reconstruction domain to generalize to the partial observations.\
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\ A neural network expresses a prior via the function space of its architecture\
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\ and parameters 0, and generalization is influenced by the inductive bias of\
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\ this function space (Section 5)."
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example_title: scientific paper
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- text: ' the big variety of data coming from diverse sources is one of the key properties
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of the big data phenomenon. It is, therefore, beneficial to understand how data
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is generated in various environments and scenarios, before looking at what should
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be done with this data and how to design the best possible architecture to accomplish
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this The evolution of IT architectures, described in Chapter 2, means that the
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data is no longer processed by a few big monolith systems, but rather by a group
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of services In parallel to the processing layer, the underlying data storage has
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also changed and became more distributed This, in turn, required a significant
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paradigm shift as the traditional approach to transactions (ACID) could no longer
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be supported. On top of this, cloud computing is becoming a major approach with
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the benefits of reducing costs and providing on-demand scalability but at the
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same time introducing concerns about privacy, data ownership, etc In the meantime
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the Internet continues its exponential growth: Every day both structured and unstructured
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data is published and available for processing: To achieve competitive advantage
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companies have to relate their corporate resources to external services, e.g.
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financial markets, weather forecasts, social media, etc While several of the sites
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provide some sort of API to access the data in a more orderly fashion; countless
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sources require advanced web mining and Natural Language Processing (NLP) processing
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techniques: Advances in science push researchers to construct new instruments
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for observing the universe O conducting experiments to understand even better
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the laws of physics and other domains. Every year humans have at their disposal
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new telescopes, space probes, particle accelerators, etc These instruments generate
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huge streams of data, which need to be stored and analyzed. The constant drive
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for efficiency in the industry motivates the introduction of new automation techniques
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and process optimization: This could not be done without analyzing the precise
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data that describe these processes. As more and more human tasks are automated,
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machines provide rich data sets, which can be analyzed in real-time to drive efficiency
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to new levels. Finally, it is now evident that the growth of the Internet of Things
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is becoming a major source of data. More and more of the devices are equipped
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with significant computational power and can generate a continuous data stream
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from their sensors. In the subsequent sections of this chapter, we will look at
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the domains described above to see what they generate in terms of data sets. We
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will compare the volumes but will also look at what is characteristic and important
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from their respective points of view. 3.1 The Internet is undoubtedly the largest
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database ever created by humans. While several well described; cleaned, and structured
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data sets have been made available through this medium, most of the resources
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are of an ambiguous, unstructured, incomplete or even erroneous nature. Still,
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several examples in the areas such as opinion mining, social media analysis, e-governance,
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etc, clearly show the potential lying in these resources. Those who can successfully
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mine and interpret the Internet data can gain unique insight and competitive advantage
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in their business An important area of data analytics on the edge of corporate
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IT and the Internet is Web Analytics.'
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example_title: data science textbook
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- text: "Transformer-based models have shown to be very useful for many NLP tasks.\
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\ However, a major limitation of transformers-based models is its O(n^2)O(n 2)\
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\ time & memory complexity (where nn is sequence length). Hence, it's computationally\
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\ very expensive to apply transformer-based models on long sequences n > 512n>512.\
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\ Several recent papers, e.g. Longformer, Performer, Reformer, Clustered attention\
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\ try to remedy this problem by approximating the full attention matrix. You can\
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\ checkout \U0001F917's recent blog post in case you are unfamiliar with these\
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\ models.\nBigBird (introduced in paper) is one of such recent models to address\
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\ this issue. BigBird relies on block sparse attention instead of normal attention\
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\ (i.e. BERT's attention) and can handle sequences up to a length of 4096 at a\
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\ much lower computational cost compared to BERT. It has achieved SOTA on various\
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\ tasks involving very long sequences such as long documents summarization, question-answering\
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\ with long contexts.\nBigBird RoBERTa-like model is now available in \U0001F917\
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Transformers. The goal of this post is to give the reader an in-depth understanding\
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\ of big bird implementation & ease one's life in using BigBird with \U0001F917\
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Transformers. But, before going into more depth, it is important to remember that\
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\ the BigBird's attention is an approximation of BERT's full attention and therefore\
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\ does not strive to be better than BERT's full attention, but rather to be more\
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\ efficient. It simply allows to apply transformer-based models to much longer\
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\ sequences since BERT's quadratic memory requirement quickly becomes unbearable.\
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\ Simply put, if we would have \u221E compute & \u221E time, BERT's attention\
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\ would be preferred over block sparse attention (which we are going to discuss\
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\ in this post).\nIf you wonder why we need more compute when working with longer\
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\ sequences, this blog post is just right for you!\nSome of the main questions\
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\ one might have when working with standard BERT-like attention include:\nDo all\
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\ tokens really have to attend to all other tokens? Why not compute attention\
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\ only over important tokens? How to decide what tokens are important? How to\
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\ attend to just a few tokens in a very efficient way? In this blog post, we will\
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\ try to answer those questions.\nWhat tokens should be attended to? We will give\
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\ a practical example of how attention works by considering the sentence 'BigBird\
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\ is now available in HuggingFace for extractive question answering'. In BERT-like\
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\ attention, every word would simply attend to all other tokens.\nLet's think\
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\ about a sensible choice of key tokens that a queried token actually only should\
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\ attend to by writing some pseudo-code. Will will assume that the token available\
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\ is queried and build a sensible list of key tokens to attend to.\n>>> # let's\
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\ consider following sentence as an example >>> example = ['BigBird', 'is', 'now',\
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\ 'available', 'in', 'HuggingFace', 'for', 'extractive', 'question', 'answering']\n\
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>>> # further let's assume, we're trying to understand the representation of 'available'\
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\ i.e. >>> query_token = 'available' >>> # We will initialize an empty `set` and\
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\ fill up the tokens of our interest as we proceed in this section. >>> key_tokens\
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\ = [] # => currently 'available' token doesn't have anything to attend Nearby\
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\ tokens should be important because, in a sentence (sequence of words), the current\
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\ word is highly dependent on neighboring past & future tokens. This intuition\
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\ is the idea behind the concept of sliding attention."
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example_title: bigbird blog intro
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- text: 'The majority of available text summarization datasets include short-form
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source documents that lack long-range causal and temporal dependencies, and often
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contain strong layout and stylistic biases. While relevant, such datasets will
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offer limited challenges for future generations of text summarization systems.
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We address these issues by introducing BookSum, a collection of datasets for long-form
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narrative summarization. Our dataset covers source documents from the literature
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domain, such as novels, plays and stories, and includes highly abstractive, human
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written summaries on three levels of granularity of increasing difficulty: paragraph-,
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chapter-, and book-level. The domain and structure of our dataset poses a unique
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set of challenges for summarization systems, which include: processing very long
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documents, non-trivial causal and temporal dependencies, and rich discourse structures.
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To facilitate future work, we trained and evaluated multiple extractive and abstractive
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summarization models as baselines for our dataset.'
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example_title: BookSum Abstract
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parameters:
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max_length: 64
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min_length: 4
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no_repeat_ngram_size: 3
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early_stopping: true
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repetition_penalty: 1.5
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length_penalty: 0.8
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encoder_no_repeat_ngram_size: 4
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num_beams: 1
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model-index:
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- name: pszemraj/long-t5-tglobal-large-pubmed-3k-booksum-16384-WIP
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results:
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## Comparisons
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- compare to [pszemraj/led-large-book-summary](https://huggingface.co/pszemraj/led-large-book-summary).
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- **
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- kmfoda/booksum
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metrics:
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- rouge
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inference: False
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model-index:
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- name: pszemraj/long-t5-tglobal-large-pubmed-3k-booksum-16384-WIP
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results:
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## Comparisons
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- compare to [pszemraj/led-large-book-summary](https://huggingface.co/pszemraj/led-large-book-summary).
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- **inference API has been disabled because it's too compute-intensive :/**
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