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license: cdla-permissive-2.0
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# Model card for granite-geospatial-wxc-downscaling

`granite-geospatial-wxc-downscaling` is a fine-tuned foundation model for the downscaling of weather and climate data. It is based on the [Prithvi WxC foundation model](https://huggingface.co/Prithvi-WxC). `granite-geospatial-downscaling` has been used to downscale both MERRA-2 data as well as EURO-CORDEX climate simulations. The weights for the former are included here.

<b>6x downscaling of MERRA-2 2m temperature</b>

<center><img src="downscaling_T2M_coolwarm_animated.gif" alt="Downscaling of MERRA-2 T2M" width=462></center>

More information: [Code](https://github.com/IBM/granite-wxc), [base model](https://huggingface.co/Prithvi-WxC), paper (to appear).

## Architecture

From an architecture point of view, we embed Prithvi WxC's transformer layers into a series of convolutional layers. That is, we typically increase resolution before and after the pre-trained transformer stages.

## Data - MERRA-2

As a reference and baseline how to use Prithvi WxC as well as the downscaling architecture, we have used `granite-geospatial-downscaling` for 6x downscaling of MERRA-2 2m temperature data. That is, we take MERRA-2 data of 0.5 x 0.625 degrees resolution, coarsen it by a factor of six along each axis and then apply an additional smoothing filter via a 3x3 convolution. Subsequently we fine-tune the above architecture to recover the high resolution data. The weights for this are included here.

## Further applications - EURO-CORDEX

In addition, we have used the same architecture with different hyperparameter choices for a 12x downscaling of a subset of EURO-CORDEX climate simulation.