{"text": "ESA 's Advanced Concepts Team also demonstrated theoretically that a deflection of 99942 Apophis could be achieved by sending a spacecraft weighing less than a tonne to impact against the asteroid .", "entity": [{"entity": "ESA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Advanced Concepts Team", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [7, 29]}, {"entity": "99942 Apophis", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [83, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Studies in human neutrophils first detected a plasma membrane -localized site which reversibly bound 5-oxo-ETE and had the attributes of a Gi alpha subunit -linked G protein-coupled receptor based on the ability of 5-oxo-ETE to activate this class of membrane G proteins by a pertussis toxin -sensitive mechanism .", "entity": [{"entity": "neutrophils", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "plasma membrane -localized site", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 77]}, {"entity": "5-oxo-ETE", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "Gi alpha subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [139, 155]}, {"entity": "G protein-coupled receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [164, 190]}, {"entity": "5-oxo-ETE", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [215, 224]}, {"entity": "G proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [260, 270]}, {"entity": "pertussis toxin -sensitive mechanism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [276, 312]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "That first evening session was organized by Jack Yardley from Johns Hopkins University , and included Henry Appelman ( University of Michigan ) , Harvey Goldman ( Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School ) , Bill Hawk ( The Cleveland Clinic ) , Tom Kent ( University of Iowa ) , Si-Chun Ming ( Temple University ) , Tom Norris ( University of Washington ) , and Robert Riddell ( University of Chicago ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jack Yardley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Johns Hopkins University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [62, 86]}, {"entity": "Henry Appelman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 116]}, {"entity": "University of Michigan", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [119, 141]}, {"entity": "Harvey Goldman", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 199]}, {"entity": "Harvard Medical School", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [204, 226]}, {"entity": "Bill Hawk", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [231, 240]}, {"entity": "Cleveland Clinic", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [247, 263]}, {"entity": "Tom Kent", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [268, 276]}, {"entity": "University of Iowa", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [279, 297]}, {"entity": "Si-Chun Ming", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [302, 314]}, {"entity": "Temple University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [317, 334]}, {"entity": "Tom Norris", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [339, 349]}, {"entity": "University of Washington", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [352, 376]}, {"entity": "Robert Riddell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [385, 399]}, {"entity": "University of Chicago", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [402, 423]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Viral TK phosphorylates aciclovir into its monophosphate form , which is subsequently phosphorylated to active aciclovir triphoshate by cellular kinase s , thus selectively inhibiting viral DNA polymerase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Viral TK", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "aciclovir", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 33]}, {"entity": "aciclovir triphoshate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [111, 132]}, {"entity": "cellular kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [136, 151]}, {"entity": "DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [190, 204]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He also won the Copley Medal in 1907 , the Henry Draper Medal in 1916 and the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1923 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [16, 28]}, {"entity": "Henry Draper Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [78, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Hypomethylation of these genes correlated with decreased expression of various DNMTs and Methyl-CpG-binding domain binding proteins .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hypomethylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "DNMTs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [79, 84]}, {"entity": "Methyl-CpG-binding domain binding proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In February 2016 , he was one of the four scientists of LIGO Scientific Collaboration / Virgo interferometer collaboration presenting at the press conference for the announcement that the first direct gravitational wave observation had been made in September 2015 .", "entity": [{"entity": "LIGO Scientific Collaboration", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 85]}, {"entity": "Virgo interferometer", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 108]}, {"entity": "first direct gravitational wave observation", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [188, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Research indicates that the majority of variation in coat growth pattern , length and curl can be attributed to mutations in four genes , the R-spondin-2 gene or RSPO2 , the fibroblast growth factor-5 gene or FGF5 , the KRT71 gene or KRT71 and the melanocortin 5 receptor gene ( MC5R ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "R-spondin-2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [142, 153]}, {"entity": "RSPO2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [162, 167]}, {"entity": "fibroblast growth factor-5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [174, 200]}, {"entity": "FGF5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [209, 213]}, {"entity": "KRT71 gene", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [220, 230]}, {"entity": "KRT71", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 239]}, {"entity": "melanocortin 5 receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [248, 271]}, {"entity": "MC5R", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [279, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On 9 May 1821 he married in Klein Lankum with Camper 's third child and second daughter Frederika Theodora Ernestina Camper ( 1799-1834 ) , who was herself an amateur-scientist who accompanied him on voyages to Georges Cuvier in France and Humphry Davy in England ; she made drawings of his specimens .", "entity": [{"entity": "Klein Lankum", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Camper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "Frederika Theodora Ernestina Camper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 123]}, {"entity": "Georges Cuvier", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [211, 225]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [229, 235]}, {"entity": "Humphry Davy", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [240, 252]}, {"entity": "England", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [256, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "That is , cell stimulation causes DHA to be released from the sn-2 position of their membrane-bound cellular phospholipid pools through the action of a Phospholipase A2 -type enzyme and the subsequent attack of the released DHA by CYP450 epoxidases .", "entity": [{"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "sn-2 position", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "membrane-bound cellular phospholipid pools", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 127]}, {"entity": "Phospholipase A2 -type enzyme", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [152, 181]}, {"entity": "DHA", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [224, 227]}, {"entity": "CYP450 epoxidases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [231, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Football is also a common sport and the multi-use Saifur Rahman Stadium and Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Stadium s are known to host football matches .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saifur Rahman Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [50, 71]}, {"entity": "Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Khan 's research focus is on developing new inhibitors against multidrug resistant clinical strains with special interest on extended spectrum beta lactamases ( ESBL ) such as NDM-1 and Beta-lactamase , using QSARR modeling and structure-based virtual screening methods .", "entity": [{"entity": "Khan", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "multidrug resistant", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [63, 82]}, {"entity": "extended spectrum beta lactamases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [125, 158]}, {"entity": "ESBL", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [161, 165]}, {"entity": "NDM-1", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [176, 181]}, {"entity": "Beta-lactamase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [186, 200]}, {"entity": "QSARR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [209, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Polyethylene terephthalate ( PET ) bottles are made from ethylene and P-Xylene .", "entity": [{"entity": "Polyethylene terephthalate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "PET", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [29, 32]}, {"entity": "ethylene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [57, 65]}, {"entity": "P-Xylene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [70, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Most widely used to assess potential synthetic lethal interactions is using siRNA and CRISPR to modify target genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "siRNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 81]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [86, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In the low pressure process α-olefins ( e.g. 1-Butene or 1-Hexene ) may be added , which are incorporated in the polymer chain during polymerization .", "entity": [{"entity": "α-olefins", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [28, 37]}, {"entity": "1-Butene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [45, 53]}, {"entity": "1-Hexene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [57, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Cory 's work has been published in research journals including Blood ( journal ) , The EMBO Journal , Nature ( journal ) , Cell Death & amp ; Differentiation , and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cory", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Blood", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "The EMBO Journal", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "Nature", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Cell Death & amp ; Differentiation", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [123, 157]}, {"entity": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [164, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Albarn teamed up with Robert 3D Del Naja of Massive Attack and worked with Stop the War Coalition , CND and the Muslim Association of Britain to organise campaigns to raise awareness of the potential dangers of the UK 's involvement in the war .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albarn", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Robert 3D Del Naja", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [22, 40]}, {"entity": "Massive Attack", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 58]}, {"entity": "Stop the War Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 97]}, {"entity": "CND", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 103]}, {"entity": "Muslim Association of Britain", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 141]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [215, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Further articles appeared on neuroethics in Nature Neuroscience , Neuron , and Brain and Cognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nature Neuroscience", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "Neuron", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [66, 72]}, {"entity": "Brain and Cognition", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [79, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The primary effectors of Gβγ are various ion channels , such as G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel ( GIRKs ) , P-type calcium channel / Q-type calcium channel - and N- type voltage-gated Casup2 + / sup channels , as well as some isoforms of AC and PLC , along with some phosphoinositide-3-kinase ( PI3K ) isoforms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gβγ", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [25, 28]}, {"entity": "ion channels", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 119]}, {"entity": "GIRKs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "P-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [132, 154]}, {"entity": "Q-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [157, 179]}, {"entity": "N- type voltage-gated", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [186, 207]}, {"entity": "Casup2 + / sup", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [208, 222]}, {"entity": "AC", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [262, 264]}, {"entity": "PLC", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [269, 272]}, {"entity": "phosphoinositide-3-kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [291, 316]}, {"entity": "PI3K", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [319, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It displays the mean time , sidereal , ( or star ) , time and the motions of the sun , moon and the five then-known planets Venus , Mars , Saturn , Mercury , and Jupiter .", "entity": [{"entity": "sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [81, 84]}, {"entity": "moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [124, 129]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [132, 136]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [139, 145]}, {"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [148, 155]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [162, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Hamilton was a visiting professor at Harvard University and later spent nine months with the Royal Society ' s and the Royal Geographical Society ' s Xavantina-Cachimbo Expedition as a visiting professor at the University of São Paulo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hamilton", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [37, 55]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 106]}, {"entity": "Royal Geographical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 145]}, {"entity": "Xavantina-Cachimbo Expedition", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [150, 179]}, {"entity": "University of São Paulo", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [211, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In the second season , married couple Rose Nadler ( L. Scott Caldwell ) and Bernard Nadler ( Sam Anderson ) , separated on opposite sides of the island ( she with the main characters , he with the tail section survivors ) , were featured in a flashback episode after being reunited .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rose Nadler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [38, 49]}, {"entity": "L. Scott Caldwell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 69]}, {"entity": "Bernard Nadler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [76, 90]}, {"entity": "Sam Anderson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [93, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In the presence of Casup2 + / sup , calmodulin and S100 protein bind calponin at the region of actin-binding sites and reverse calponin 's inhibition of myosin MgATPase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Casup2 + / sup", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [19, 33]}, {"entity": "calmodulin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [36, 46]}, {"entity": "S100 protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "calponin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "calponin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 135]}, {"entity": "myosin MgATPase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [153, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The amplified fragment ( amplicon ) is incubated with the restriction enzyme HaeIII , comprising the SNP in their recognition sequence GGCC .", "entity": [{"entity": "amplicon", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "HaeIII", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "SNP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 104]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "She has won five Grammy Awards , including Grammy Award for Album of the Year and Grammy Award for Record of the Year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grammy Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [17, 30]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Album of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [43, 77]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award for Record of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [82, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Some asteroid s , also named after the same Shakespearean characters , share names with moons of Uranus : 171 Ophelia , 218 Bianca , 593 Titania , 666 Desdemona , 763 Cupido , and 2758 Cordelia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [97, 103]}, {"entity": "171 Ophelia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [106, 117]}, {"entity": "218 Bianca", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [120, 130]}, {"entity": "593 Titania", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [133, 144]}, {"entity": "666 Desdemona", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [147, 160]}, {"entity": "763 Cupido", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [163, 173]}, {"entity": "2758 Cordelia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [180, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It was opened in 1982 to host the 1982 Southern Cross Games and since then it has hosted the 1983 South American Championships in Athletics ; the 1985 , 1994 and 2001 South American Junior Championships in Athletics ; and the 1989 and 2001 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships , beside numerous seminars , congresses and courses .", "entity": [{"entity": "1982 Southern Cross Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [34, 59]}, {"entity": "1983 South American Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [93, 126]}, {"entity": "Athletics", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [130, 139]}, {"entity": "2001 South American Junior Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [162, 202]}, {"entity": "Athletics", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [206, 215]}, {"entity": "2001 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [235, 283]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "GAR + 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate → Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide + Tetrahydrofolic acid", "entity": [{"entity": "GAR", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "10-Formyltetrahydrofolate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [6, 31]}, {"entity": "Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [34, 69]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Alferov and colleagues worked on Gallium arsenide and Aluminium arsenide III-V heterojunctions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alferov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Gallium arsenide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [33, 49]}, {"entity": "Aluminium arsenide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [54, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "She has listed Christina Aguilera , Jessica Simpson , Bobbie Gentry , Janis Joplin , Shelby Lynne , and Shania Twain as her musical influences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Christina Aguilera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [15, 33]}, {"entity": "Jessica Simpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "Bobbie Gentry", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "Janis Joplin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [70, 82]}, {"entity": "Shelby Lynne", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Shania Twain", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 116]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Zeitschrift für Naturforschung ( English : Journal for Nature Research ) was established in 1946 by the Max Planck Institute and the physical sciences ( Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ) were separated from the other natural sciences ( Part B ) from 1947 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Zeitschrift für Naturforschung", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [4, 34]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Journal for Nature Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [47, 74]}, {"entity": "Max Planck Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 128]}, {"entity": "the physical sciences ( Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A )", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [133, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "A second meeting was held soon thereafter and included Klaus Clusius , Robert Döpel , Werner Heisenberg , and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Klaus Clusius", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "Robert Döpel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [71, 83]}, {"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [86, 103]}, {"entity": "Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [110, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He is the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from the The Recording Academy and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lifetime Achievement Award from the The Recording Academy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [25, 82]}, {"entity": "Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [89, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Self-harmful T cells , further referred to as autoreactive T cells , originate in the thymus because of the stochastic process called V ( D ) J recombination which conducts the generation of T-cell receptor ( TCRs ) and enables their limitless variability .", "entity": [{"entity": "Self-harmful T cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 20]}, {"entity": "autoreactive T cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 66]}, {"entity": "thymus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "V ( D ) J recombination", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [134, 157]}, {"entity": "T-cell receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [191, 206]}, {"entity": "TCRs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [209, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He has chaired the Southern Growth Policies Board , the Southern Regional Education Board , the Southern Technology Council , the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission , and the Education Commission of the States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southern Growth Policies Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [19, 49]}, {"entity": "Southern Regional Education Board", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 89]}, {"entity": "the Southern Technology Council", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 123]}, {"entity": "Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 171]}, {"entity": "Education Commission of the States", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [182, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The specific ligand of this receptor is CCL25 To note , the chemokine binding protein D6 had previously been named CCR9 , but this molecule is a scavenger receptor not a TRUE ( signaling ) chemokine receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCL25", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [40, 45]}, {"entity": "D6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 88]}, {"entity": "CCR9", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "scavenger receptor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [145, 163]}, {"entity": "chemokine receptor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 207]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This type of oxidative stress causes a loss of NF-κB signaling .", "entity": [{"entity": "oxidative stress", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 52]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Mikhail Rabinovich published over 250 peer reviewed articles in leading scientific journals ( Science , Neuron , Journal of Neuroscience , PLoS Computational Biology , Reviews of Modern Physics , Physics of Fluids , Physical Review Letters ) that are actively cited ( over 3000 citations ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mikhail Rabinovich", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "Neuron", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [104, 110]}, {"entity": "Journal of Neuroscience", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [113, 136]}, {"entity": "PLoS Computational Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [139, 165]}, {"entity": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [168, 193]}, {"entity": "Physics of Fluids", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [196, 213]}, {"entity": "Physical Review Letters", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [216, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Currently , three major groups of DNA binding proteins have been predominantly used for epigenome editing : Zinc finger proteins , Transcription Activator-Like Effectors ( TALEs ) and nuclease deficient Cas9 fusions ( CRISPR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 37]}, {"entity": "Zinc finger proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 128]}, {"entity": "Transcription Activator-Like Effectors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [131, 169]}, {"entity": "TALEs", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [172, 177]}, {"entity": "Cas9", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [203, 207]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [218, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On screen she has starred in scores of films and is a six-time Oscar nominee , winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the title role in the film Julia ( 1977 ) . 1977 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oscar", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [63, 68]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [91, 132]}, {"entity": "Julia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [164, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "By 1914 , experiments by physicists Ernest Rutherford , Henry Moseley , James Franck and Gustav Ludwig Hertz had largely established the structure of an atom as a dense nucleus of positive charge surrounded by lower-mass electrons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernest Rutherford", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 53]}, {"entity": "Henry Moseley", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [56, 69]}, {"entity": "James Franck", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [72, 84]}, {"entity": "Gustav Ludwig Hertz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [89, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "When the discovery of a new element is claimed , the Joint Working Party ( JWP ) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics ( IUPAP ) assembles to examine the claims according to their criteria for the discovery of a new element , and decides scientific priority and naming rights for the elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joint Working Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 72]}, {"entity": "JWP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [75, 78]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 137]}, {"entity": "IUPAC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 145]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [156, 203]}, {"entity": "IUPAP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 211]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [9, 36]}, {"entity": "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Further story arcs which provided a particular focus on individual characters include Addison Montgomery-Shepherd ( Kate Walsh ) facing Derek Shepherd ' s ( Patrick Dempsey ) desire to divorce her , Izzie Stevens ( Katherine Heigl ) coping with Denny Duquette ' s ( Jeffrey Dean Morgan ) death and the repercussions of her choice to quit the internship program , and Meredith Grey ( Ellen Pompeo ) struggling with the choice between Shepherd and Finn Dandridge ( Chris O 'Donnell ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Addison Montgomery-Shepherd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [86, 113]}, {"entity": "Kate Walsh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 126]}, {"entity": "Derek Shepherd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 150]}, {"entity": "Patrick Dempsey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 172]}, {"entity": "Izzie Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 212]}, {"entity": "Katherine Heigl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [215, 230]}, {"entity": "Denny Duquette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [245, 259]}, {"entity": "Jeffrey Dean Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [266, 285]}, {"entity": "Meredith Grey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [367, 380]}, {"entity": "Ellen Pompeo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [383, 395]}, {"entity": "Shepherd", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [433, 441]}, {"entity": "Finn Dandridge", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [446, 460]}, {"entity": "Chris O 'Donnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [463, 479]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Non-governmental agencies such as the International Planned Parenthood Federation and Marie Stopes International provide contraceptive advice for young women worldwide .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Planned Parenthood Federation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 81]}, {"entity": "Marie Stopes International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [86, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Together , they activate multiple signal transduction pathways including oxidant stress , tyrosine kinase s , Protein kinase C , and MAPK s leading to activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB , and dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms including HKme , histone lysine acetylation , and DNA methylation via the action of corresponding methyltransferases , demethylases , acetylases , and deacetylases .", "entity": [{"entity": "tyrosine kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [90, 105]}, {"entity": "Protein kinase C", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [110, 126]}, {"entity": "MAPK", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [133, 137]}, {"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [195, 200]}, {"entity": "HKme", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [256, 260]}, {"entity": "histone lysine acetylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [263, 289]}, {"entity": "DNA methylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [296, 311]}, {"entity": "methyltransferases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [344, 362]}, {"entity": "demethylases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [365, 377]}, {"entity": "acetylases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [380, 390]}, {"entity": "deacetylases", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [397, 409]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Young 's work on squid giant axons was utilized by Andrew Huxley and Alan Hodgkin who in 1963 received the Nobel Prize for their work on the conduction of action potentials along nerve fibres .", "entity": [{"entity": "Young", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "squid giant axons", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 34]}, {"entity": "Andrew Huxley", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "Alan Hodgkin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [69, 81]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "nerve fibres", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [179, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The group included the physicists Walther Bothe , Robert Döpel , Hans Geiger , Wolfgang Gentner ( probably sent by Walther Bothe ) , Wilhelm Hanle , Gerhard Hoffmann , and Georg Joos ; Peter Debye was invited , but he did not attend .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Robert Döpel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Hans Geiger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Wolfgang Gentner", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "Wilhelm Hanle", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [133, 146]}, {"entity": "Gerhard Hoffmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [149, 165]}, {"entity": "Georg Joos", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [172, 182]}, {"entity": "Peter Debye", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [185, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Writing for The Mathematical Gazette on the first edition , L. Rosenhead congratulated Goldstein for a lucid account of classical mechanics leading to modern theoretical physics , which he believed would stand the test of time alongside acknowledged classics such as E. T. Whittaker ' s Analytical Dynamics and Arnold Sommerfeld ' s Lectures on Theoretical Physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Mathematical Gazette", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [12, 36]}, {"entity": "L. Rosenhead", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Goldstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "classical mechanics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [120, 139]}, {"entity": "theoretical physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [158, 177]}, {"entity": "E. T. Whittaker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [267, 282]}, {"entity": "Analytical Dynamics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [287, 306]}, {"entity": "Arnold Sommerfeld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [311, 328]}, {"entity": "Theoretical Physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [345, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "During his academic career he served on the editorial boards of the Journal of Rational Mechanics and Analysis , Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis , Journal of Elasticity , and the International Journal of Solids and Structures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Journal of Rational Mechanics and Analysis", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [68, 110]}, {"entity": "Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [113, 156]}, {"entity": "Journal of Elasticity", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [159, 180]}, {"entity": "International Journal of Solids and Structures", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [191, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "DNA methyltransferase is the enzyme involved in the maintenance of DNA methylation marks .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA methyltransferase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "DNA methylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The California portion of the desert also contains Edwards Air Force Base and Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake , noted for experimental aviation and weapons projects , and the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms in the world at Twentynine Palms .", "entity": [{"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "Edwards Air Force Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [51, 73]}, {"entity": "Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 114]}, {"entity": "Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [180, 234]}, {"entity": "Twentynine Palms", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [251, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Theoretical modelling of two of these super-Earths , Kepler-62e and Kepler-62f , suggests both could be solid , either rocky or rocky with frozen water .", "entity": [{"entity": "super-Earths", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Kepler-62e", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [53, 63]}, {"entity": "Kepler-62f", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Nature Research also publishes other specialized journals including Nature Neuroscience , Nature Biotechnology , Nature Methods , the Nature Clinical Practice series of journals , Nature Structural & Molecular Biology , Nature Chemistry , and the Nature Reviews series of journals .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nature Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Nature Neuroscience", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "Nature Biotechnology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [90, 110]}, {"entity": "Nature Methods", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [113, 127]}, {"entity": "Nature Clinical Practice", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [134, 158]}, {"entity": "Nature Structural & Molecular Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [180, 217]}, {"entity": "Nature Chemistry", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [220, 236]}, {"entity": "Nature Reviews", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [247, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Biju has extensively published in high impact factor and prestigious journals such as Nature , Science , Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , Proceedings of the Royal Society , and has written books on both plants and amphibians .", "entity": [{"entity": "Biju", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Nature", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [86, 92]}, {"entity": "Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [95, 102]}, {"entity": "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [105, 146]}, {"entity": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [149, 196]}, {"entity": "Proceedings of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [199, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Lexell calculated its orbit , showed that the comet had had a much larger perihelion before the encounter with Jupiter in 1767 and predicted that after encountering Jupiter again in 1779 it would be altogether expelled from the inner Solar System .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lexell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [111, 118]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [165, 172]}, {"entity": "Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This minor planet was named in memory of Russian plant geneticist Nikolai Vavilov ( 1887-1943 ) and his physicist brother Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov ( 1891-1951 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "minor planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Nikolai Vavilov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [66, 81]}, {"entity": "Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [122, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Some of the many prestigious residents include : Academy Award winners Rustam Ibrahimbeyov and Vladimir Menshov , one of the founders and head of the Soviet space program Kerim Kerimov , Nobel Prize winner and physicist Lev Landau and famous musicians such as Gara Garayev , Uzeyir Hajibeyov , Muslim Magomayev , Vagif Mustafazadeh and Alim Qasimov .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Rustam Ibrahimbeyov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 90]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Menshov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [95, 111]}, {"entity": "Soviet space program", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [150, 170]}, {"entity": "Kerim Kerimov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [171, 184]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [187, 198]}, {"entity": "Lev Landau", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [220, 230]}, {"entity": "Gara Garayev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [260, 272]}, {"entity": "Uzeyir Hajibeyov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [275, 291]}, {"entity": "Muslim Magomayev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [294, 310]}, {"entity": "Vagif Mustafazadeh", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [313, 331]}, {"entity": "Alim Qasimov", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [336, 348]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "From 1937 to 1942 , as successor to Max Delbrück , Flügge was an assistant to Otto Hahn at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Chemie ( KWIC , after World War II reorganized and renamed the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry ) , in Berlin-Dahlem .", "entity": [{"entity": "Max Delbrück", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "Flügge", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "Otto Hahn", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [78, 87]}, {"entity": "Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Chemie", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 129]}, {"entity": "KWIC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [132, 136]}, {"entity": "World War II", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "Max Planck Institute for Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [186, 220]}, {"entity": "Berlin-Dahlem", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [228, 241]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 2007 the British Biochemical Society was given a grant by the Wellcome Trust to catalogue and preserve the 35 laboratory notebooks in which Sanger recorded his research from 1944 to 1983 .", "entity": [{"entity": "British Biochemical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 39]}, {"entity": "Wellcome Trust", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Sanger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [143, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He won the J. Lawrence Smith Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 1960 , the Meteoritical Society Frederick C. Leonard Memorial Medal in 1968 , the Kepler Gold Medal from the American Association for the Advancement of Science & amp ; Meteoritical Society in 1972 , the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1975 and the Bruce Medal in 1976 .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. Lawrence Smith Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [11, 34]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [44, 72]}, {"entity": "Meteoritical Society Frederick C. Leonard Memorial Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [87, 143]}, {"entity": "Kepler Gold Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [158, 175]}, {"entity": "American Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [185, 205]}, {"entity": "Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [280, 324]}, {"entity": "Bruce Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [341, 352]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On August 11 , 2014 , astronomers released studies , using the Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array ( ALMA ) for the first time , that detailed the distribution of Hydrogen cyanide , Hydrogen isocyanide , Formaldehyde , and dust inside the comae of comet s C / 2012 F6 ( Lemmon ) and C / 2012 S1 ( ISON ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [63, 109]}, {"entity": "ALMA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "Hydrogen cyanide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [174, 190]}, {"entity": "Hydrogen isocyanide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [193, 212]}, {"entity": "Formaldehyde", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [215, 227]}, {"entity": "comet s C / 2012 F6", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [259, 278]}, {"entity": "Lemmon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [281, 287]}, {"entity": "C / 2012 S1", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [294, 305]}, {"entity": "ISON", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [308, 312]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Ran exists in the cell in two nucleotide-bound forms : Guanosine diphosphate -bound and Guanosine triphosphate -bound .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ran", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Guanosine diphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [55, 76]}, {"entity": "Guanosine triphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [88, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The WH2 domain is found as a modular part of larger proteins ; it can be associated with the WH1 domain or EVH1 domain and with the CRIB domain , and the WH2 domain can occur as a tandem repeat .", "entity": [{"entity": "WH2 domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "WH1 domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "EVH1 domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "CRIB domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [132, 143]}, {"entity": "WH2 domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [154, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The song was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and an Academy Award for Best Original Song .", "entity": [{"entity": "Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [34, 75]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Song", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [83, 119]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "A United States Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker arrived at Misawa Air Base on 14 March with the first batch of relief workers and 50 civil engineers from Kadena Air Base .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [2, 45]}, {"entity": "Misawa Air Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "Kadena Air Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [152, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The journal is abstracted and indexed in Applied Mechanics Reviews , Current Contents / Engineering , Computing & Technology , Current Contents / Physics , Chemical , ; Earth Sciences , Compendex , Inspec , Mathematical Reviews , Scopus , and Zentralblatt MATH .", "entity": [{"entity": "Applied Mechanics Reviews", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [41, 66]}, {"entity": "Engineering", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [88, 99]}, {"entity": "Computing & Technology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [102, 124]}, {"entity": "Physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [146, 153]}, {"entity": "Chemical", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [156, 164]}, {"entity": "Earth Sciences", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [169, 183]}, {"entity": "Compendex", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [186, 195]}, {"entity": "Inspec", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [198, 204]}, {"entity": "Mathematical Reviews", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [207, 227]}, {"entity": "Scopus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [230, 236]}, {"entity": "Zentralblatt MATH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [243, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Neurexin - Neuroligin interactions help establish the trans-synaptic functional asymmetry essential for the stabilization and maintenance of proper synaptic transmission .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neurexin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Neuroligin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [11, 21]}, {"entity": "synaptic transmission", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [148, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In the 1950s , James D. Watson , Francis Crick , Rosalind Franklin , and Maurice Wilkins were instrumental in solving DNA structure and suggesting its relationship with the genetic transfer of information .", "entity": [{"entity": "James D. Watson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 30]}, {"entity": "Francis Crick", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [33, 46]}, {"entity": "Rosalind Franklin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "Maurice Wilkins", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [73, 88]}, {"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [118, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In July 1989 , an Indian group from the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre ( P. K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan ) and in October 1989 , John Bockris ' group from Texas University reported on the creation of tritium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Bhabha Atomic Research Centre", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 69]}, {"entity": "P. K. Iyengar", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "M. Srinivasan", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [90, 103]}, {"entity": "John Bockris", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [128, 140]}, {"entity": "Texas University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [154, 170]}, {"entity": "tritium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [199, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Ring1A and Ring1B ( which are also known as Rnf1 and Rnf2 , respectively ) are Ubiquitin ligase that mark lysine 119 of histone H2A with a single ubiquitin group ( H2AK119ub ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ring1A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Ring1B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [11, 17]}, {"entity": "Rnf1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 48]}, {"entity": "Rnf2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "Ubiquitin ligase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "lysine 119", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "H2A", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [128, 131]}, {"entity": "H2AK119ub", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [164, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The concept had been advocated by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck , Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , Erasmus Darwin , and Robert Grant , among others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jean-Baptiste Lamarck", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [58, 88]}, {"entity": "Erasmus Darwin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [91, 105]}, {"entity": "Robert Grant", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [112, 124]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On 11 August 2014 , astronomers released studies , using the Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array ( ALMA ) for the first time , that detailed the distribution of HCN , Hydrogen isocyanide , Formaldehyde , and dust inside the comae of comet s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 107]}, {"entity": "ALMA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "Hydrogen isocyanide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [178, 197]}, {"entity": "Formaldehyde", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [200, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He is currently on the editorial board of more than 10 scientific journals , among them Chaos , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A , PLOS One , European Journal of Physics , J. Nonlinear Science and Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics and of the Springer Series Complexity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chaos", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [88, 93]}, {"entity": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [96, 145]}, {"entity": "PLOS One", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "European Journal of Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [159, 186]}, {"entity": "J. Nonlinear Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [189, 209]}, {"entity": "Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [214, 247]}, {"entity": "the Springer Series Complexity", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [255, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This unification , which was observed by Michael Faraday , extended by James Clerk Maxwell , and partially reformulated by Oliver Heaviside and Heinrich Hertz , is one of the key accomplishments of 19th-century mathematical physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Faraday", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [41, 56]}, {"entity": "James Clerk Maxwell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [71, 90]}, {"entity": "Oliver Heaviside", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [123, 139]}, {"entity": "Heinrich Hertz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [144, 158]}, {"entity": "mathematical physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [211, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He has co-authored a number of frequently-cited articles in Circulation Research , the Journal of Biological Chemistry , and the American Journal of Physiology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Circulation Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [87, 118]}, {"entity": "American Journal of Physiology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [129, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Historian J. G. M. Ramsey reported a conference between militia commander John Sevier and Cherokee Chief Hanging Maw held at the original Citico in 1782 in which the two sides agreed to a truce .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. G. M. Ramsey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 25]}, {"entity": "militia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [56, 63]}, {"entity": "John Sevier", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 85]}, {"entity": "Cherokee", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 98]}, {"entity": "Hanging Maw", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [105, 116]}, {"entity": "Citico", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [138, 144]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Young began to study medicine in London at St Bartholomew 's Hospital in 1792 , moved to the University of Edinburgh Medical School in 1794 , and a year later went to Göttingen , Lower Saxony , Germany , where he obtained the degree of doctor of medicine in 1796 from the University of Göttingen .", "entity": [{"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "St Bartholomew 's Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [43, 69]}, {"entity": "University of Edinburgh Medical School", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [93, 131]}, {"entity": "Göttingen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [167, 176]}, {"entity": "Lower Saxony", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [179, 191]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [194, 201]}, {"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [272, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1827 he was elected member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , and in 1829 he won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [37, 70]}, {"entity": "Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [96, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The album earned Usher numerous awards , including two Grammy Award s , three Billboard Music Awards and a BET Awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Usher", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [55, 67]}, {"entity": "Billboard Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [78, 100]}, {"entity": "BET Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [107, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Amphitrite ( minor planet designation : 29 Amphridite ) is one of the largest S-type asteroid s , approximately in diameter , and probably third largest after 15 Eunomia and 3 Juno , although 7 Iris and 532 Herculina are similar in size .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amphitrite", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "minor planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 25]}, {"entity": "29 Amphridite", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [40, 53]}, {"entity": "15 Eunomia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [159, 169]}, {"entity": "3 Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [174, 180]}, {"entity": "7 Iris", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [192, 198]}, {"entity": "532 Herculina", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [203, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Woese was a MacArthur Fellow in 1984 , was made a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1988 , received the Leeuwenhoek Medal ( microbiology 's highest honor ) in 1992 , the Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology in 1995 from the National Academy of Sciences ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Woese", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "MacArthur Fellow", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 92]}, {"entity": "Leeuwenhoek Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [116, 133]}, {"entity": "microbiology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [136, 148]}, {"entity": "Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [182, 221]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [239, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "She played at 1989 AFC Championship and 1990 Asian Games .", "entity": [{"entity": "1989 AFC Championship", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [14, 35]}, {"entity": "1990 Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [40, 56]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He competed in Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics at the 1988 Summer Olympics .", "entity": [{"entity": "1988 Summer Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "1988 Summer Olympics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [59, 79]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Binding of these proteins recruit Histone deacetylase enzyme which initiate chromatin remodeling such that the DNA becoming less accessible to transcriptional machinery , such as RNA polymerase , effectively repressing gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histone deacetylase enzyme", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [34, 60]}, {"entity": "chromatin remodeling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 96]}, {"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [111, 114]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [179, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Lycomedes was discovered on 26 September 1960 , by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , on photographic plate s taken by astronomer Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lycomedes", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 9]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 56]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [75, 103]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [108, 127]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [184, 195]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [203, 222]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [226, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In recognition of his contribution to the creation of modern electrical science , an international convention , signed at the 1881 International Exposition of Electricity , established the ampere as a standard unit of electrical measurement , along with the coulomb , volt , ohm , and watt , which are named , respectively , after Ampère 's contemporaries Charles-Augustin de Coulomb of France , Alessandro Volta of Italy , Georg Ohm of Germany , and James Watt of Scotland .", "entity": [{"entity": "electrical science", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [61, 79]}, {"entity": "1881 International Exposition of Electricity", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [126, 170]}, {"entity": "ampere", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 195]}, {"entity": "coulomb", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [258, 265]}, {"entity": "volt", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [268, 272]}, {"entity": "ohm", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [275, 278]}, {"entity": "watt", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [285, 289]}, {"entity": "Ampère", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [331, 337]}, {"entity": "Charles-Augustin de Coulomb", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [356, 383]}, {"entity": "France", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [387, 393]}, {"entity": "Alessandro Volta", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [396, 412]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [416, 421]}, {"entity": "Georg Ohm", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [424, 433]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [437, 444]}, {"entity": "James Watt", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [451, 461]}, {"entity": "Scotland", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [465, 473]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Five out of Finland 's 15 universities ref group = note These are Aalto University , the University of Helsinki , the University of the Arts Helsinki , the Hanken School of Economics , and the National Defence University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [12, 19]}, {"entity": "Aalto University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "University of Helsinki", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [89, 111]}, {"entity": "University of the Arts Helsinki", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [118, 149]}, {"entity": "Hanken School of Economics", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [156, 182]}, {"entity": "National Defence University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [193, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The extended double stranded adapters are cleaved by Restriction enzyme at a specific restriction site located at 3 side of the tag sequence and will results in a 3 -dT overhang that will be ligated to the 3 -dA overhang on DNA libraries in adapter ligation step ( Figure 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Restriction enzyme", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [53, 71]}, {"entity": "3 -dT overhang", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [163, 177]}, {"entity": "3 -dA overhang", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [206, 220]}, {"entity": "DNA libraries", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [224, 237]}, {"entity": "adapter ligation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [241, 257]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "50000 Quaoar and 90377 Sedna are two Solar System objects discovered in this way by Michael E. Brown and others at Caltech using the Palomar Observatory ' s Samuel Oschin telescope of and the Palomar-Quest large-area CCD camera .", "entity": [{"entity": "50000 Quaoar", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "90377 Sedna", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [17, 28]}, {"entity": "Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 49]}, {"entity": "Michael E. Brown", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [84, 100]}, {"entity": "Caltech", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [115, 122]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 152]}, {"entity": "Samuel Oschin telescope", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [157, 180]}, {"entity": "Palomar-Quest large-area CCD camera", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [192, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He represented his country at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics without reaching the semifinals .", "entity": [{"entity": "2017 World Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [34, 71]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The German university system allowed students to move easily from one university to another , so he spent summer semesters at Heidelberg University in 1902 and the University of Zurich in 1903 .", "entity": [{"entity": "The German university", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "Heidelberg University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [126, 147]}, {"entity": "University of Zurich", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [164, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The apparently regulated genes encode subunits of RNA polymerase .", "entity": [{"entity": "RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [50, 64]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "STAT6 , IRF4 , GATA3 are absolutely required for TsubH / sub9 cell development and other such as PU.1 , BATF , NF-κB , NFAT1 , STAT5 , AP-1 transcription factor contribute to TsubH / sub9 sub-population commitment and to IL-9 production .", "entity": [{"entity": "STAT6", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "IRF4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 12]}, {"entity": "GATA3", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "TsubH / sub9 cell", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "PU.1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 101]}, {"entity": "BATF", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [104, 108]}, {"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "NFAT1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "STAT5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [127, 132]}, {"entity": "AP-1 transcription factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [135, 160]}, {"entity": "TsubH / sub9", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [175, 187]}, {"entity": "IL-9", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [221, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Reverse transcriptase protocols at the time had difficulties with the secondary structure of mRNA , leading to abbreviated cDNAs that were difficult to align and invited further complications in downstream analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Reverse transcriptase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [0, 21]}, {"entity": "mRNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 97]}, {"entity": "cDNAs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [123, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "These include the Naval Base San Diego , Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton , Marine Corps Air Station Miramar , and Naval Air Station North Island .", "entity": [{"entity": "Naval Base San Diego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [18, 38]}, {"entity": "Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [41, 73]}, {"entity": "Marine Corps Air Station Miramar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 108]}, {"entity": "Naval Air Station North Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Drewry Ice Stream in Ellsworth Land and Mount Drewry in the Queen Alexandra Range are named after him .", "entity": [{"entity": "Drewry Ice Stream", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Ellsworth Land", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "Mount Drewry", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "Queen Alexandra Range", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was a life member of the Franklin Institute , the National Academy of Engineering and the Society for Advancement of Management .", "entity": [{"entity": "Franklin Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Engineering", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 84]}, {"entity": "Society for Advancement of Management", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The principal candidates for the origin of Mars ' methane include non-biological processes such as Properties of water -rock reactions , radiolysis of water , and pyrite formation , all of which produce Hydrogen that could then generate methane and other hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with Carbon monoxide and COsub2 / sub .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [43, 47]}, {"entity": "methane", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [50, 57]}, {"entity": "water -rock reactions", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [113, 134]}, {"entity": "radiolysis of water", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [137, 156]}, {"entity": "pyrite formation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [163, 179]}, {"entity": "Hydrogen", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [203, 211]}, {"entity": "methane", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [237, 244]}, {"entity": "hydrocarbons", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [255, 267]}, {"entity": "Fischer-Tropsch synthesis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [272, 297]}, {"entity": "Carbon monoxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [303, 318]}, {"entity": "COsub2 / sub", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [323, 335]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Such a definition of the term planet could also have led to changes in classification for the trans-Neptunian object s , and the asteroids 4 Vesta , 2 Pallas , and 10 Hygiea .", "entity": [{"entity": "trans-Neptunian object", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [94, 116]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [139, 146]}, {"entity": "2 Pallas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "10 Hygiea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [164, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The minor planets 1062 Ljuba and 1086 Nata were also named after Soviet female paratroopers Lyuba Berlin ( 1915-1936 ) and Nata Babushkina ( 1915-1936 ) , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "minor planets", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "1062 Ljuba", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [18, 28]}, {"entity": "1086 Nata", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [33, 42]}, {"entity": "Soviet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [65, 71]}, {"entity": "Lyuba Berlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 104]}, {"entity": "Nata Babushkina", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This minor planet was named for Aesculapius , the Greek and Roman demigod of medicine and healing , son of Apollo and Coronis , after whom the asteroids 158 Koronis and 1862 Apollo are named , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "minor planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "Aesculapius", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [32, 43]}, {"entity": "Greek", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [50, 55]}, {"entity": "Roman", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [60, 65]}, {"entity": "medicine", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [77, 85]}, {"entity": "Apollo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "Coronis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [118, 125]}, {"entity": "158 Koronis", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [153, 164]}, {"entity": "1862 Apollo", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [169, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In this publication he proposed the names still used today for the seven then-known satellites of Saturn : Mimas , Enceladus , Tethys , Dione , Rhea , Titan , and Iapetus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "Mimas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "Enceladus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [115, 124]}, {"entity": "Tethys", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Dione", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [136, 141]}, {"entity": "Rhea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [144, 148]}, {"entity": "Titan", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [151, 156]}, {"entity": "Iapetus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [163, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It is probably the fifth- most-massive asteroid after Ceres , 4 Vesta , 2 Pallas , and 10 Hygiea , with a mass estimated to be 1.2 % of the mass of the entire asteroid belt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ceres", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "2 Pallas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "10 Hygiea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [87, 96]}, {"entity": "asteroid belt", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "They were proposed independently by Alfred J. Lotka in 1925 and Vito Volterra in 1926 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alfred J. Lotka", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "Vito Volterra", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [64, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Lolitrem B affects a kind of ion channel called BK channel s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lolitrem B", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "ion channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "BK channel", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 58]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Closer to the city , several sporting complexes are located , including the Hobart Aquatic Centre , Hobart International Tennis Centre the Domain Athletic Centre , and the Hobart TCA Ground .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hobart Aquatic Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 97]}, {"entity": "Hobart International Tennis Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 134]}, {"entity": "Domain Athletic Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 161]}, {"entity": "Hobart TCA Ground", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [172, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Additionally , she has received five Academy of Country Music Awards , six Country Music Association Awards , and a Grammy Award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Academy of Country Music Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [37, 68]}, {"entity": "Country Music Association Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [75, 107]}, {"entity": "Grammy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [116, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Juilfs was a theoretical physics assistant from 1938 to 1945 at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik ( KWIP , Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics ; today , the Max-Planck Institut für Physik ) , first for Max von Laue and from 1943 to Werner Heisenberg and Hentschel , 1996 , Appendix F .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juilfs", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 102]}, {"entity": "KWIP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 109]}, {"entity": "Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 148]}, {"entity": "Max-Planck Institut für Physik", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [163, 193]}, {"entity": "Max von Laue", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [208, 220]}, {"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [238, 255]}, {"entity": "Hentschel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [260, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Excessive amounts of chlorine in the buffer should also be avoided , since this will overlap with the sulfur peak ; Potassium bromide and Sodium bromide are suitable alternatives .", "entity": [{"entity": "chlorine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [21, 29]}, {"entity": "sulfur", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [102, 108]}, {"entity": "Potassium bromide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [116, 133]}, {"entity": "Sodium bromide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [138, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The original body farm is the University of Tennessee Anthropological Research Facility located a few miles from downtown on Alcoa Highway in Tennessee , behind the University of Tennessee Medical Center .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Tennessee Anthropological Research Facility", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [30, 87]}, {"entity": "Alcoa Highway in", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 141]}, {"entity": "Tennessee", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [142, 151]}, {"entity": "University of Tennessee Medical Center", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [165, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "These experimental and mathematical analyses were applied to several areas of geophysics : Earth 's shape , density , and gravity field ( Pierre Bouguer , Alexis Clairaut and Henry Cavendish ) , Earth 's magnetic field ( Alexander von Humboldt , Edmund Halley and Carl Friedrich Gauss ) , seismology ( John Milne and Robert Mallet ) , and the Earth 's age , heat and radioactivity ( Arthur Holmes and William Thomson , 1st Baron Kelvin ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "mathematical", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 35]}, {"entity": "geophysics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [78, 88]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "Pierre Bouguer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [138, 152]}, {"entity": "Alexis Clairaut", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [155, 170]}, {"entity": "Henry Cavendish", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [175, 190]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [195, 200]}, {"entity": "Alexander von Humboldt", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [221, 243]}, {"entity": "Edmund Halley", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [246, 259]}, {"entity": "Carl Friedrich Gauss", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [264, 284]}, {"entity": "seismology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [289, 299]}, {"entity": "John Milne", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [302, 312]}, {"entity": "Robert Mallet", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [317, 330]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [343, 348]}, {"entity": "Arthur Holmes", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [383, 396]}, {"entity": "William Thomson , 1st Baron Kelvin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [401, 435]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The three required enzyme activities are : exonuclease , DNA polymerase , and DNA ligase .", "entity": [{"entity": "exonuclease", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "DNA ligase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [78, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Computer programs that solve these problems have been used to research a broad range of scientific topics from Adenosine diphosphate to breast cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adenosine diphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [111, 132]}, {"entity": "breast cancer", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [136, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Observations are currently being coordinated by the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers and the British Astronomical Association to re-observe sites where transient lunar phenomena were reported in the past .", "entity": [{"entity": "Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 96]}, {"entity": "British Astronomical Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The programs described are Arthur Samuel ' s checkers program for the IBM 701 , Daniel Bobrow ' s STUDENT , Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon ' s Logic Theorist and Terry Winograd ' s SHRDLU .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arthur Samuel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [27, 40]}, {"entity": "IBM 701", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Daniel Bobrow", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "STUDENT", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [98, 105]}, {"entity": "Allen Newell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "Herbert A. Simon", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [125, 141]}, {"entity": "Logic Theorist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "Terry Winograd", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [165, 179]}, {"entity": "SHRDLU", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [184, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "All of these low-numbered asteroids have numbers between and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s , predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois , Johann Palisa , Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth ( also see category ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Auguste Charlois", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [135, 151]}, {"entity": "Johann Palisa", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [154, 167]}, {"entity": "Max Wolf", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [170, 178]}, {"entity": "Karl Reinmuth", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [183, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "For herbivore mammal species , DNA is usually extracted from faeces samples Potentially , this application is applicable to all herbivorous species feeding on angiosperms and gymnosperms Alternatively to the trn L aprroach , the markers RuBisCO , ITS2 , Maturase K , trnH-psbA can be used to amplify plant species .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 34]}, {"entity": "angiosperms", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "gymnosperms", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [175, 186]}, {"entity": "RuBisCO", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [237, 244]}, {"entity": "ITS2", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [247, 251]}, {"entity": "Maturase K", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [254, 264]}, {"entity": "trnH-psbA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [267, 276]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This is the Hong Kong roster in the women 's basketball tournament of the 2018 Asian Games .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hong Kong", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [12, 21]}, {"entity": "women 's basketball tournament", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 66]}, {"entity": "2018 Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [74, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Lucifer was the name used by the Romans for the Venus and the goddess Venus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lucifer", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Romans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [70, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The ten attendees were conference organizer J. Peter Pearman , Frank Drake , Philip Morrison , businessman and radio amateur Dana Atchley , chemist Melvin Calvin , astronomer Su-Shu Huang , neuroscientist John C. Lilly , inventor Barney Oliver , astronomer Carl Sagan and radio-astronomer Otto Struve .", "entity": [{"entity": "J. Peter Pearman", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [44, 60]}, {"entity": "Frank Drake", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "Philip Morrison", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 92]}, {"entity": "Dana Atchley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [125, 137]}, {"entity": "Melvin Calvin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [148, 161]}, {"entity": "Su-Shu Huang", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [175, 187]}, {"entity": "John C. Lilly", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [205, 218]}, {"entity": "Barney Oliver", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [230, 243]}, {"entity": "Carl Sagan", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [257, 267]}, {"entity": "Otto Struve", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [289, 300]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The planets of the Solar System are divided into two groups : the four inner planets are the terrestrial planet s ( Mercury , Venus , Earth and Mars ) , with relatively small sizes and rocky surfaces .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 31]}, {"entity": "terrestrial planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [93, 111]}, {"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [116, 123]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [134, 139]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [144, 148]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Recognition of Kilby 's outstanding achievements have been made by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) , including the election to IEEE Fellow in 1966 , the IEEE David Sarnoff Award in 1966 , was created in 1995 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kilby", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 120]}, {"entity": "IEEE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "IEEE Fellow", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [158, 169]}, {"entity": "IEEE David Sarnoff Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [184, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "With a diameter of approximately 10 kilometers , Amundsenia is one of the largest mid-sized Mars-crossing asteroid s such as 1139 Atami ( 9.35 km ) , 1474 Beira ( 14.9 km ) , 1011 Laodamia ( 7.39 km ) , 1727 Mette ( est 9 km ) , 1131 Porzia ( 7.13 km ) , 1235 Schorria ( est .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amundsenia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [49, 59]}, {"entity": "Mars-crossing asteroid", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [92, 114]}, {"entity": "1139 Atami", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "1474 Beira", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "1011 Laodamia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [175, 188]}, {"entity": "1727 Mette", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [203, 213]}, {"entity": "1131 Porzia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [229, 240]}, {"entity": "1235 Schorria", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [255, 268]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Beyond the Earth 's atmosphere , thunderstorms have also been observed on the planets of Jupiter , Saturn , Neptune , and , probably , Venus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [11, 16]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [89, 96]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [135, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Such measures include proofreading by some DNA polymerase during replication , DNA mismatch repair following replication , DNA proofreading and repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "DNA mismatch repair", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 98]}, {"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [123, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "New DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase s is one of the ways radiation induced DNA damage can be repaired .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA synthesis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [21, 35]}, {"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [75, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "CCR3 is a receptor for multiple inflammatory / inducible CC chemokines , including CCL11 , CCL26 , CCL7 , CCL13 , CCL15 , CCL24 and CCL5 that attract eosinophils , and CCL28 that attracts B and T lymphocyte s to mucosal tissue s.ref name = Youn / It is most highly expressed in both eosinophils and basophils , but can also be found in Th1 and Th2 cells and airway epithelial cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCR3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "CC chemokines", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "CCL11", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 88]}, {"entity": "CCL26", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [91, 96]}, {"entity": "CCL7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 103]}, {"entity": "CCL13", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [106, 111]}, {"entity": "CCL15", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [114, 119]}, {"entity": "CCL24", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [122, 127]}, {"entity": "CCL5", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [132, 136]}, {"entity": "CCL28", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [168, 173]}, {"entity": "B and T lymphocyte", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [188, 206]}, {"entity": "mucosal tissue", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [212, 226]}, {"entity": "eosinophils", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [283, 294]}, {"entity": "basophils", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [299, 308]}, {"entity": "Th1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [336, 339]}, {"entity": "Th2", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [344, 347]}, {"entity": "epithelial cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [365, 381]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On 11 September 2010 , Jones performed for an audience of 50,000 at the Help for Heroes charity concert at Twickenham Stadium performing Strange Things Are Happening Every Day and his hit Green , Green Grass of Home .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 28]}, {"entity": "Help for Heroes", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 87]}, {"entity": "charity concert", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "Twickenham Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [107, 125]}, {"entity": "Strange Things Are Happening Every Day", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [137, 175]}, {"entity": "Green , Green Grass of Home", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [188, 215]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Mining interests Thomas Ewing and George W. Grayson , then miner Edward Blewett , Judge Hiram G. Bond of Denver and New York City , and Seattle publisher Leigh S. J. Hunt , funded further work and soon a wagon road was built over Barlow Pass to join the Sauk wagon road .", "entity": [{"entity": "Thomas Ewing", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 29]}, {"entity": "George W. Grayson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 51]}, {"entity": "Edward Blewett", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Hiram G. Bond", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "Denver", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 111]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "Seattle", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 143]}, {"entity": "Leigh S. J. Hunt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [154, 170]}, {"entity": "Barlow Pass", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [230, 241]}, {"entity": "Sauk wagon road", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [254, 269]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Camilla is the 6th trinary asteroid that has been discovered in the asteroid belt , after 87 Sylvia , 45 Eugenia , 216 Kleopatra , 93 Minerva and 130 Elektra .", "entity": [{"entity": "Camilla", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "87 Sylvia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [90, 99]}, {"entity": "45 Eugenia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "216 Kleopatra", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [115, 128]}, {"entity": "93 Minerva", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [131, 141]}, {"entity": "130 Elektra", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This led to efforts such as Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment , or OGLE , that have characterized hundreds of such events , including those of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb and OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb .", "entity": [{"entity": "Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 68]}, {"entity": "OGLE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 78]}, {"entity": "OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [150, 170]}, {"entity": "OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [175, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Topics included matter creation and annihilation , the fundamental interaction s , elementary particle s and their currents , hadron ic and lepton ic physics , and the parton model , published in professional peer-reviewed scientific journal s including Nuclear Physics B , Australian Journal of Physics , Nuovo Cimento , and Physical Review D .", "entity": [{"entity": "matter creation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [16, 31]}, {"entity": "annihilation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "fundamental interaction", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 78]}, {"entity": "elementary particle", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 102]}, {"entity": "hadron ic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "lepton ic", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [140, 149]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [150, 157]}, {"entity": "parton model", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [168, 180]}, {"entity": "peer-reviewed scientific journal", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [209, 241]}, {"entity": "Nuclear Physics B", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [254, 271]}, {"entity": "Australian Journal of Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [274, 303]}, {"entity": "Nuovo Cimento", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [306, 319]}, {"entity": "Physical Review D", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [326, 343]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In neuron s , gambierol has been reported to induce Ca threshold for the activation of Ras superfamily .", "entity": [{"entity": "neuron", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [3, 9]}, {"entity": "gambierol", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "Ca threshold", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [52, 64]}, {"entity": "Ras superfamily", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It can simulate BOD / DO , Ammonia , Nitrate , Eutrophication , heavy metals and Wetland s .", "entity": [{"entity": "BOD", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [16, 19]}, {"entity": "DO", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [22, 24]}, {"entity": "Ammonia", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Nitrate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Eutrophication", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [47, 61]}, {"entity": "heavy metals", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "Wetland", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The episode 's airing - in particular , its shock regeneration - contributed to a public surge of interest , and speculation about Tennant 's replacement : actor Robert Carlyle was the bookmaker 's favourite and actors James McAvoy , Jason Statham , Alan Davies , and James Nesbitt were less popular predictions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tennant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "Robert Carlyle", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [162, 176]}, {"entity": "James McAvoy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [219, 231]}, {"entity": "Jason Statham", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [234, 247]}, {"entity": "Alan Davies", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [250, 261]}, {"entity": "James Nesbitt", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [268, 281]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He is a member of the American Philosophical Society and an elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , and in 1985 was a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy 0.2001 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Philosophical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [22, 52]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [68, 119]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the British Academy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [154, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Some additional examples include 990 Yerkes , 991 McDonalda , and 992 Swasey around this time ; many more minor planets would be discovered at the observatory in the following decades .", "entity": [{"entity": "990 Yerkes", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "991 McDonalda", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [46, 59]}, {"entity": "992 Swasey", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [66, 76]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Yet , unlike vertebrates who use G protein coupled receptors ( G protein-coupled receptor ) , insects express proteins including ORs ( olfactory receptors ) , GRs ( gustatory receptors ) and IRs ( ionotropic receptors ) which are all heteromeric ligand-gated ion channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "vertebrates", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "G protein coupled receptors", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [33, 60]}, {"entity": "G protein-coupled receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [63, 89]}, {"entity": "ORs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 132]}, {"entity": "olfactory receptors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [135, 154]}, {"entity": "GRs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 162]}, {"entity": "gustatory receptors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [165, 184]}, {"entity": "IRs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [191, 194]}, {"entity": "ionotropic receptors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [197, 217]}, {"entity": "heteromeric ligand-gated ion channels", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It works by blocking Type I topoisomerase which results in DNA damage and cell death .", "entity": [{"entity": "Type I topoisomerase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [21, 41]}, {"entity": "DNA damage", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 69]}, {"entity": "cell death", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [74, 84]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It did not pass through its perihelion until 13 March 1759 , the attraction of Jupiter and Saturn having caused a retardation of 618 days .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [91, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Vital-IT infrastructure is distributed to three sites : University of Lausanne , EPFL and University of Geneva .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vital-IT", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "University of Lausanne", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [60, 82]}, {"entity": "EPFL", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [85, 89]}, {"entity": "University of Geneva", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [94, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 2006 , his work with WITNESS and his long-standing support of peace and human rights causes was recognised by the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates with the Man of Peace award .", "entity": [{"entity": "WITNESS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 31]}, {"entity": "Nobel Peace Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [117, 134]}, {"entity": "Man of Peace award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [154, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Three of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related star s : two of the three , Kepler-438b and Kepler-442b , are near-Earth-size and likely rocky ; the third , Kepler-440b , is a super-Earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "exoplanets", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "Kepler-438b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [128, 139]}, {"entity": "Kepler-442b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [144, 155]}, {"entity": "Kepler-440b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [209, 220]}, {"entity": "super-Earth", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [228, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Alessandra Becatti ( born 30 April 1965 ) is an Italy female retired heptathlete , which participated at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alessandra Becatti", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "1987 World Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [109, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In order to reset the protein to its original , basic state , it needs ATP synthase .", "entity": [{"entity": "ATP synthase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [71, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In addition to the lighthouse , there are four other sites in Point Loma listed on the National Register of Historic Places : Cabrillo National Monument , the Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego , Naval Training Center San Diego , and Rosecroft .", "entity": [{"entity": "Point Loma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [62, 72]}, {"entity": "National Register of Historic Places", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [87, 123]}, {"entity": "Cabrillo National Monument", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 152]}, {"entity": "Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [159, 195]}, {"entity": "Naval Training Center San Diego", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [198, 229]}, {"entity": "Rosecroft", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [236, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In November 2018 a group of Chinese scientists published research in the journal Molecular Therapy detailing their use of CRISPR technology to correct a single mistaken amino acid successfully in 16 out of 18 attempts in a human embryo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Molecular Therapy", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [81, 98]}, {"entity": "CRISPR technology", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [122, 139]}, {"entity": "amino acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [169, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "With the first group interacts one plaque protein without PDZ domain , called cingulin , which plays a key role in the cell adhesion .", "entity": [{"entity": "plaque protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "PDZ domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 68]}, {"entity": "cingulin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "cell adhesion", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [119, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The story instead focuses on the Doctor 's companion , Donna Noble ( Catherine Tate ) and her encounters with former companion Rose Tyler ( Billie Piper ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donna Noble", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [55, 66]}, {"entity": "Catherine Tate", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "Rose Tyler", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 137]}, {"entity": "Billie Piper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [140, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In addition , he finished fourth at the 2014 European Championships and won the silver medal at the 2013 Summer Universiade .", "entity": [{"entity": "2014 European Championships", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [40, 67]}, {"entity": "2013 Summer Universiade", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [100, 123]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "As early as 1807 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon Brewster by Marischal College , Aberdeen ; in 1815 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society , and received the Copley Medal ; in 1818 he received the Rumford Medal of the society ; and in 1816 the French Institute awarded him one-half of the prize of three thousand francs for the two most important discoveries in physical science made in Europe during the two preceding years .", "entity": [{"entity": "LL.D.", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 36]}, {"entity": "Brewster", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [56, 64]}, {"entity": "Marischal College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [68, 85]}, {"entity": "Aberdeen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [124, 151]}, {"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [171, 183]}, {"entity": "Rumford Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [210, 223]}, {"entity": "French Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [257, 273]}, {"entity": "physical science", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [375, 391]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [400, 406]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "There are several descriptions and discussions about a philosophical theory of the water cycle by Vitruvius , Leonardo da Vinci and Bernard Palissy .", "entity": [{"entity": "philosophical", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [55, 68]}, {"entity": "water cycle", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 94]}, {"entity": "Vitruvius", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [98, 107]}, {"entity": "Leonardo da Vinci", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [110, 127]}, {"entity": "Bernard Palissy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [132, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Before receiving his Ph.D. for atomic models of alkali metals from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1924 , he spent the 1922-23 academic year as a Fellow of The American-Scandinavian Foundation at the University of Copenhagen under Niels Bohr and Hans Kramers .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkali metals", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 61]}, {"entity": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [67, 104]}, {"entity": "Fellow of The American-Scandinavian Foundation", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [155, 201]}, {"entity": "University of Copenhagen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [209, 233]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [240, 250]}, {"entity": "Hans Kramers", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [255, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Encke ( 1850 ) has further symbols for 5 Astraea , 6 Hebe , 7 Iris , 8 Flora and 9 Metis .", "entity": [{"entity": "Encke", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "5 Astraea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [39, 48]}, {"entity": "6 Hebe", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [51, 57]}, {"entity": "7 Iris", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [60, 66]}, {"entity": "8 Flora", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [69, 76]}, {"entity": "9 Metis", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [81, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "ABC Family Worldwide Inc ( ABC Family Channel ) , Regent University , the American Center for Law & Justice ( ACLJ ) , the Founders Inn and Conference Center , the Christian Coalition of America , an L-1011 Flying Hospital , Operation Blessing International , and CBN Asia .", "entity": [{"entity": "ABC Family Worldwide Inc", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "ABC Family Channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 45]}, {"entity": "Regent University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [50, 67]}, {"entity": "American Center for Law & Justice", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 107]}, {"entity": "ACLJ", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [110, 114]}, {"entity": "Founders Inn and Conference Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [123, 157]}, {"entity": "Christian Coalition of America", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [164, 194]}, {"entity": "L-1011 Flying Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [200, 222]}, {"entity": "Operation Blessing International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [225, 257]}, {"entity": "CBN Asia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [264, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The most common herbicide used was Herbicide Orange , more commonly referred to as Agent Orange : a fifty-fifty mixture of two herbicides 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ) and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid ) manufactured for the U.S. Department of Defense primarily by Monsanto Corporation and Dow Chemical .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herbicide Orange", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [35, 51]}, {"entity": "Agent Orange", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [138, 168]}, {"entity": "2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [171, 201]}, {"entity": "2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [208, 241]}, {"entity": "2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [244, 277]}, {"entity": "U.S. Department of Defense", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [301, 327]}, {"entity": "Monsanto Corporation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [341, 361]}, {"entity": "Dow Chemical", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [366, 378]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "During his career he held academic posts at the universities of University of Manchester ( 1951-6 ) , Durham University ( 1956-92 ) , the University of Ceylon and the University of Hong Kong , and was head of department at Durham where he remains an emeritus professor .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Manchester", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [64, 88]}, {"entity": "Durham University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [102, 119]}, {"entity": "University of Ceylon", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [138, 158]}, {"entity": "University of Hong Kong", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [167, 190]}, {"entity": "Durham", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [223, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Throughout its run , the executive producers of the series were Damon Lindelof , J. J. Abrams , Bryan Burk , Carlton Cuse , Jack Bender , Jeff Pinkner , Edward Kitsis , Adam Horowitz , Jean Higgins , and Elizabeth Sarnoff , with Lindelof and Cuse serving as showrunner s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Damon Lindelof", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [64, 78]}, {"entity": "J. J. Abrams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [81, 93]}, {"entity": "Bryan Burk", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "Carlton Cuse", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [109, 121]}, {"entity": "Jack Bender", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "Jeff Pinkner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 150]}, {"entity": "Edward Kitsis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 166]}, {"entity": "Adam Horowitz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 182]}, {"entity": "Jean Higgins", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 197]}, {"entity": "Elizabeth Sarnoff", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [204, 221]}, {"entity": "Lindelof", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [229, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1896 , he translated , from German , Heimat , a play in four acts by Hermann Sudermann , renamed Magda and played by Henry Stephenson and Charles Waldron in a Broadway theatre production in New York City , New York .", "entity": [{"entity": "German", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "Hermann Sudermann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [72, 89]}, {"entity": "Magda", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 105]}, {"entity": "Henry Stephenson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [120, 136]}, {"entity": "Charles Waldron", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 156]}, {"entity": "Broadway theatre", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [162, 178]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [193, 206]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [209, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It was discovered on 24 September 1960 , by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis Johannes van Houten at Leiden , on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in the United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [44, 72]}, {"entity": "Cornelis Johannes van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 105]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 161]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [165, 184]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [192, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On the other three gas giant s ( Saturn , Uranus and Neptune ) eclipses only occur at certain periods during the planet 's orbit , due to their higher inclination between the orbits of the moon and the orbital plane of the planet .", "entity": [{"entity": "gas giant", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 28]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [33, 39]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "moon", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It stars Vincent Gallo and Maria de Medeiros , and was directed by Spanish filmmaker and actress María Lidón ( credited in the English version of the movie as Luna ) , with screenplay by Spanish science fiction author Juan Miguel Aguilera .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vincent Gallo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "Maria de Medeiros", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 44]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 74]}, {"entity": "María Lidón", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 108]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [127, 134]}, {"entity": "Luna", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 163]}, {"entity": "Spanish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [187, 194]}, {"entity": "Juan Miguel Aguilera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [218, 238]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Occultations have also been used to estimate the diameter of trans-Neptunian object s such as , 28978 Ixion , and 20000 Varuna .", "entity": [{"entity": "Occultations", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "trans-Neptunian object", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [61, 83]}, {"entity": "28978 Ixion", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [96, 107]}, {"entity": "20000 Varuna", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [114, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "As demonstrated by Temin and Baltimore , who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Dulbecco , the transfer of viral genes to the cell is mediated by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase ( or , more precisely , RNA-dependent DNA polymerase ) , which replicates the viral genome ( in this case made of RNA ) into DNA , which is later incorporated in the host genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "Temin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [19, 24]}, {"entity": "Baltimore", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [29, 38]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [56, 93]}, {"entity": "Dulbecco", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "reverse transcriptase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [182, 203]}, {"entity": "RNA-dependent DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [228, 256]}, {"entity": "RNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [318, 321]}, {"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [329, 332]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In June 2011 , during the Second CoRoT Symposium , the probe added ten new objects to the Exoplanet catalogue : CoRoT-16b , CoRoT-17b , CoRoT-18b , CoRoT-19b , CoRoT-20b , CoRoT-21b , CoRoT-22b , CoRoT-23b , CoRoT-24b , CoRoT-24c .", "entity": [{"entity": "Second CoRoT Symposium", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [26, 48]}, {"entity": "Exoplanet catalogue", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 109]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-16b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [112, 121]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-17b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [124, 133]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-18b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [136, 145]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-19b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [148, 157]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-20b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [160, 169]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-21b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [172, 181]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-22b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [184, 193]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-23b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [196, 205]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-24b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [208, 217]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-24c", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [220, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "When he was about eighteen he went to the University of Copenhagen and afterwards studied at University of Rostock and Wittenberg .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Copenhagen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [42, 66]}, {"entity": "University of Rostock and Wittenberg", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [93, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Together with Roger Guillemin he described the neurohormone GnRH that controls Follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Guillemin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [14, 29]}, {"entity": "neurohormone", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [47, 59]}, {"entity": "GnRH", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [60, 64]}, {"entity": "Follicle-stimulating hormone", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [79, 107]}, {"entity": "Luteinizing hormone", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [112, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In December 2015 , it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and International Union of Pure and Applied Physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Joint Working Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 91]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 176]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [181, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Since 1993 the Milutin Milankovic Medal has been awarded by the European Geophysical Society ( called the European Geosciences Union since 2003 ) for contributions in the", "entity": [{"entity": "Milutin Milankovic Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [15, 39]}, {"entity": "European Geophysical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 92]}, {"entity": "European Geosciences Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [106, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The invitees included Walther Bothe , Siegfried Flügge , Hans Geiger , Otto Hahn , Paul Harteck , Gerhard Hoffmann , Josef Mattauch , and Georg Stetter .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [22, 35]}, {"entity": "Siegfried Flügge", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [38, 54]}, {"entity": "Hans Geiger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [57, 68]}, {"entity": "Otto Hahn", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [71, 80]}, {"entity": "Paul Harteck", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [83, 95]}, {"entity": "Gerhard Hoffmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [98, 114]}, {"entity": "Josef Mattauch", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [117, 131]}, {"entity": "Georg Stetter", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [138, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The study showed that CRISPR is could effectively be used as a gene-editing tool in human 2PN zygotes , which could lead potentially pregnancy viable if implanted .", "entity": [{"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [22, 28]}, {"entity": "human 2PN zygotes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [84, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Editors-in-Chief of Neuro-Ophthalmology are Gordon Plant ( National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery , London , UK ) and Walter Jay ( Loyola University Medical Center ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Neuro-Ophthalmology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "Gordon Plant", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [48, 60]}, {"entity": "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 111]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "UK", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [123, 125]}, {"entity": "Walter Jay", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [132, 142]}, {"entity": "Loyola University Medical Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [145, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "MACROH2A deposition has been suggested to be regulated by the Cullin - SPOP - RBX1 ligase complex and is actively involved in stable X inactivation , likely through the formation of an additional layer of epigenetic silencing .", "entity": [{"entity": "MACROH2A deposition", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "Cullin - SPOP - RBX1 ligase complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 97]}, {"entity": "X inactivation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 147]}, {"entity": "epigenetic silencing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [205, 225]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In addition , three new actors joined the regular cast : Elizabeth Mitchell , as fertility doctor and Other Juliet Burke ; and Kiele Sanchez and Rodrigo Santoro as background survivor couple Nikki Fernandez and Paulo .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elizabeth Mitchell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 75]}, {"entity": "Juliet Burke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 120]}, {"entity": "Kiele Sanchez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Rodrigo Santoro", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 160]}, {"entity": "Nikki Fernandez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 206]}, {"entity": "Paulo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [211, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On 13 February 2015 , scientists ( including Geoffrey Marcy , Seth Shostak , Frank Drake and David Brin ) at a convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , discussed Active SETI and whether transmitting a message to possible intelligent extraterrestrials in the Cosmos was a good idea ;", "entity": [{"entity": "Geoffrey Marcy", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [45, 59]}, {"entity": "Seth Shostak", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "Frank Drake", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 88]}, {"entity": "David Brin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [93, 103]}, {"entity": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [129, 180]}, {"entity": "Active SETI", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [193, 204]}, {"entity": "Cosmos", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [289, 295]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Arizona State University offers undergraduate student housing on four metropolitan Phoenix campuses ( Arizona State University Tempe campus , Arizona State University Polytechnic campus , Arizona State University Downtown Phoenix campus , and Arizona State University West campus ) , plus the ASU Colleges at Lake Havasu City .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arizona State University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "Phoenix campuses", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "Arizona State University Tempe campus", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [102, 139]}, {"entity": "Arizona State University Polytechnic campus", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [142, 185]}, {"entity": "Arizona State University Downtown Phoenix campus", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [188, 236]}, {"entity": "Arizona State University West campus", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [243, 279]}, {"entity": "ASU Colleges at Lake Havasu City", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [293, 325]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The traditional precursor is N-Nitroso-N-methylurea , but this compound is itself somewhat unstable , and nowadays compounds such as Methylnitronitrosoguanidine ( MNNG ) and Diazald ( Diazald ) are preferred .", "entity": [{"entity": "N-Nitroso-N-methylurea", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [29, 51]}, {"entity": "Methylnitronitrosoguanidine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [133, 160]}, {"entity": "MNNG", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [163, 167]}, {"entity": "Diazald", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [174, 181]}, {"entity": "Diazald", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [184, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The International Astronomical Union names all colles ( small hills ) on Saturn ' s moon Titan after characters in Tolkien 's work .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Astronomical Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 36]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "Titan", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [89, 94]}, {"entity": "Tolkien", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [115, 122]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Since uranium had been named after the planet Uranus and neptunium after the planet Neptune , element 94 was named after Pluto , which at the time was considered to be a planet as well .", "entity": [{"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [6, 13]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [46, 52]}, {"entity": "neptunium", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [57, 66]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [84, 91]}, {"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [121, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "A pupil of Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet , Gabriel Lamé and Augustin-Louis Cauchy Bjerknes worked for the rest of his life in the field of hydrodynamics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [11, 41]}, {"entity": "Gabriel Lamé", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [44, 56]}, {"entity": "Augustin-Louis Cauchy Bjerknes", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [61, 91]}, {"entity": "hydrodynamics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [140, 153]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He served as editor of Optics Communications ( 1987-2006 ) and was member of the editorial board at Physical Review A .", "entity": [{"entity": "Optics Communications", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [23, 44]}, {"entity": "Physical Review A", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [100, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In the 1840s , Urbain Le Verrier used Newtonian mechanics to predict the position of the then-undiscovered planet Neptune after analyzing perturbations in the orbit of Uranus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Urbain Le Verrier", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "Newtonian mechanics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [38, 57]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [168, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Esaki moved back to Japan in 1992 , subsequently , he served as president of the University of Tsukuba and Shibaura Institute of Technology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Esaki", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [20, 25]}, {"entity": "University of Tsukuba", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [81, 102]}, {"entity": "Shibaura Institute of Technology", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [107, 139]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "From 1930 to 1934 , Wu studied at National Central University ( later renamed Nanjing University ) , first in mathematics , but later transferring to physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wu", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [20, 22]}, {"entity": "National Central University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [34, 61]}, {"entity": "Nanjing University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [78, 96]}, {"entity": "mathematics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [150, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The quarry is at Herniss , to the north of the A 394 road , between Rame and Longdowns .", "entity": [{"entity": "Herniss", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [17, 24]}, {"entity": "A 394 road", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 57]}, {"entity": "Rame", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [68, 72]}, {"entity": "Longdowns", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [77, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The schemas targeted by emotional selection are those essential for meeting human needs , such as those define by Abraham Maslow and Henry Murray .", "entity": [{"entity": "schemas", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 11]}, {"entity": "Abraham Maslow", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [114, 128]}, {"entity": "Henry Murray", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [133, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University in 1991 , the Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine in 1993 , the Otto Warburg Medal in 1999 and half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution .", "entity": [{"entity": "Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [19, 45]}, {"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [85, 117]}, {"entity": "Otto Warburg Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [132, 150]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [175, 199]}, {"entity": "nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [231, 270]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Her group has characterized the role of a number of Pentatricopeptide repeat -containing proteins in gene expression , as well as proteins involved in splicing in the chloroplast , discovering a number of CRM domain -containing proteins and coining the domain name .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pentatricopeptide repeat -containing proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [52, 97]}, {"entity": "chloroplast", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [167, 178]}, {"entity": "CRM domain -containing proteins", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [205, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Comparative table of countries with very high human development ( same or higher than 0.8 ) , according to UNDP ; OECD members ; advanced economies , according to the International Monetary Fund ; high income economies , according to the World Bank and income per capita ( purchasing power parity ) higher than $ 22,000 , according to the International Monetary Fund .", "entity": [{"entity": "UNDP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "OECD", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 118]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 194]}, {"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [238, 248]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [339, 366]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Pathogenic spirochetes , including B. burgdorferi and T. pallidum , use their proteolipid Bacterial adhesin s to stick to victim cells .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pathogenic spirochetes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 22]}, {"entity": "B. burgdorferi", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 49]}, {"entity": "T. pallidum", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "Bacterial adhesin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 107]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The alkaline earth metals are named after their oxide s , the alkaline earths , whose old-fashioned names were beryllia , Magnesium oxide , Calcium oxide , strontia , and baryta .", "entity": [{"entity": "alkaline earth metals", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "oxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "alkaline earths", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [62, 77]}, {"entity": "beryllia", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "Magnesium oxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [122, 137]}, {"entity": "Calcium oxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [140, 153]}, {"entity": "strontia", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [156, 164]}, {"entity": "baryta", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [171, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Copenhagen interpretation is an expression of the meaning of quantum mechanics that was largely devised from 1925 to 1927 by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copenhagen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [4, 14]}, {"entity": "quantum mechanics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [65, 82]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [129, 139]}, {"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [144, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He studied physics at the University of Heidelberg , the University of Lausanne , and , ultimately , the Humboldt University of Berlin under Max Planck .", "entity": [{"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "University of Heidelberg", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [26, 50]}, {"entity": "University of Lausanne", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [57, 79]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [105, 134]}, {"entity": "Max Planck", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [141, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He entered the accredited Illinois Central College , then transferred to the unaccredited Midwestern Baptist College in 1972 , attaining a Bachelor of Religious Education in 1974 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Illinois Central College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [26, 50]}, {"entity": "Midwestern Baptist College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [90, 116]}, {"entity": "Bachelor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [139, 147]}, {"entity": "Religious Education", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [151, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Chun-Tsung scholarships , supervised by the United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia ( New York ) , are awarded to undergraduates , usually in their 2nd or 3rd year , at six universities , which are Shanghai Jiaotong University , Fudan University , Lanzhou University , Soochow University , Peking University and Taiwan National Tsing Hua University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chun-Tsung scholarships", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [4, 27]}, {"entity": "United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [48, 99]}, {"entity": "New York", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [102, 110]}, {"entity": "Shanghai Jiaotong University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [214, 242]}, {"entity": "Fudan University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [245, 261]}, {"entity": "Lanzhou University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [264, 282]}, {"entity": "Soochow University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [285, 303]}, {"entity": "Peking University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [306, 323]}, {"entity": "Taiwan National Tsing Hua University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [328, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This leads to enhanced microbicidal capacity and secretion of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines : e.g. IFN-γ , IL-1 , IL-6 , Interleukin 12 , Interleukin 23 and TNFα .", "entity": [{"entity": "IFN-γ", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [111, 116]}, {"entity": "IL-1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [119, 123]}, {"entity": "IL-6", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 130]}, {"entity": "Interleukin 12", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 147]}, {"entity": "Interleukin 23", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [150, 164]}, {"entity": "TNFα", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [169, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was appointed as assistant to the astronomer Giovanni Battista Donati in 1862 , professor at the technological institute of Bologna in 1864 , professor of physics at the University of Cagliari in 1873 , and , finally , successor to his father in 1881 in the chair of technological physics at the University of Pisa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giovanni Battista Donati", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [48, 72]}, {"entity": "technological institute of Bologna", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 134]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [158, 165]}, {"entity": "University of Cagliari", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [173, 195]}, {"entity": "technological physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [270, 291]}, {"entity": "University of Pisa", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [299, 317]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Arts Centre Melbourne ( which includes the State Theatre , Hamer Hall , the Playhouse and the Fairfax Studio ) , and the Melbourne Recital Centre are located just to the south of the CBD , with the Sidney Myer Music Bowl in parklands to the east .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arts Centre Melbourne", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 25]}, {"entity": "State Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [47, 60]}, {"entity": "Hamer Hall", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 73]}, {"entity": "Playhouse", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 89]}, {"entity": "Fairfax Studio", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 112]}, {"entity": "Melbourne Recital Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 149]}, {"entity": "CBD", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 190]}, {"entity": "Sidney Myer Music Bowl", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [202, 224]}, {"entity": "parklands", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [228, 237]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In addition , he is the founding editor of Theoretical Population Biology ( 1971-2013 ) and an associate editor of Genetics , Human Genetics , Annals of Human Genetics , Annals of Human Biology , and Complexity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Theoretical Population Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [43, 73]}, {"entity": "Genetics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [115, 123]}, {"entity": "Human Genetics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [126, 140]}, {"entity": "Annals of Human Genetics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [143, 167]}, {"entity": "Annals of Human Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [170, 193]}, {"entity": "Complexity", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [200, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Marsden was discovered on 24 March 1971 , by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , on photographic plates taken by Dutch-American astronomer Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory , California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marsden", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [45, 50]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [69, 97]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [102, 121]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [192, 203]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [207, 226]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [229, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Jeffrey S. Moore has published over 300 articles in journals such as Macromolecules , the Journal of Chemical Education , Advanced Materials and the Journal of Materials Chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jeffrey S. Moore", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Macromolecules", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [69, 83]}, {"entity": "Journal of Chemical Education", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [90, 119]}, {"entity": "Advanced Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [122, 140]}, {"entity": "Journal of Materials Chemistry", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [149, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In addition , scientific results obtained using HAARP are routinely published in major research journals ( such as Geophysical Research Letters and Journal of Geophysical Research ) , written both by university scientists ( American and foreign ) and by U.S. Department of Defense research lab scientists .", "entity": [{"entity": "HAARP", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Geophysical Research Letters", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [115, 143]}, {"entity": "Journal of Geophysical Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [148, 179]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [224, 232]}, {"entity": "U.S. Department of Defense research lab", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [254, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "His work has appeared in leading scientific journals such as Nature , Science , Nature Genetics , Molecular Biology and Evolution , Journal of Evolutionary Biology , as well as popular magazines such as Scientific American .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nature", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Nature Genetics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [98, 129]}, {"entity": "Journal of Evolutionary Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [132, 163]}, {"entity": "Scientific American", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [203, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The city is home to the Department of Physical Education and Sport Science of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ( ) and the Serres Campus of the International Hellenic University ( former Technological Educational Institute of Central Macedonia ) , composed of the Faculty of Engineering , the Faculty of Economics and Management , and the Department of Interior Architecture and Design .", "entity": [{"entity": "Department of Physical Education and Sport Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 74]}, {"entity": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [82, 118]}, {"entity": "Serres Campus of the International Hellenic University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [131, 185]}, {"entity": "Technological Educational Institute of Central Macedonia", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [195, 251]}, {"entity": "Faculty of Engineering", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [272, 294]}, {"entity": "Faculty of Economics and Management", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [301, 336]}, {"entity": "Department of Interior Architecture and Design", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [347, 393]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Bangladesh is a member of the UN , World Trade Organization , International Monetary Fund , the World Bank , Asian Development Bank , OIC , Islamic Development Bank , SAARC , BIMSTEC and the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bangladesh", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "UN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [30, 32]}, {"entity": "World Trade Organization", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 59]}, {"entity": "International Monetary Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 89]}, {"entity": "World Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 106]}, {"entity": "Asian Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [109, 131]}, {"entity": "OIC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 137]}, {"entity": "Islamic Development Bank", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [140, 164]}, {"entity": "SAARC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [167, 172]}, {"entity": "BIMSTEC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [175, 182]}, {"entity": "Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [191, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Flügge also extended Niels Bohr and John Archibald Wheeler theory of nuclear fission published in 1939 . Niels Bohr and J. A. Wheeler Mechanism of nuclear fission , Phys .", "entity": [{"entity": "Flügge", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [21, 31]}, {"entity": "John Archibald Wheeler", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 58]}, {"entity": "theory of nuclear fission", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [59, 84]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [105, 115]}, {"entity": "J. A. Wheeler", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [120, 133]}, {"entity": "nuclear fission", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 162]}, {"entity": "Phys", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [165, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "His work won him the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society in 1838 , and in 1843 he received its Royal Medal for a paper on the Transparency of the Atmosphere and the Laws of Extinction of the Sun 's Rays passing through it .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rumford Medal of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [21, 55]}, {"entity": "Royal Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [94, 105]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [190, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Msub2 / sub muscarinic receptors decrease the heart rate by inhibiting depolarization of the sinoatrial node via Gi alpha subunit - G protein-coupled receptor and through modulation of muscarinic potassium channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "Msub2 / sub muscarinic receptors", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [4, 36]}, {"entity": "depolarization", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [75, 89]}, {"entity": "sinoatrial node", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [97, 112]}, {"entity": "Gi alpha subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "G protein-coupled receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [136, 162]}, {"entity": "muscarinic potassium channels", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Employing a starting feedstock mixture of 1-Butene and 2-Butene , which is known as Raffinate-2 , produces phenol and a mixture of acetone and butanone instead of only phenol and acetone in the original .", "entity": [{"entity": "1-Butene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [42, 50]}, {"entity": "2-Butene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [55, 63]}, {"entity": "Raffinate-2", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [84, 95]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [131, 138]}, {"entity": "butanone", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [143, 151]}, {"entity": "phenol", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [168, 174]}, {"entity": "acetone", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [179, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Kostiuk and his students were first to measure calcium currents through neuron soma , discover ATP-receptors and Acid-sensing ion channel currents .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kostiuk", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "neuron soma", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [72, 83]}, {"entity": "ATP-receptors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [95, 108]}, {"entity": "Acid-sensing ion channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [113, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1944 , Folch was appointed director of the new Biological Research Laboratory at the McLean Hospital ( a division of Massachusetts General Hospital ) and assistant professor of biological chemistry at Harvard Medical School to develop a program in Neuroscience .", "entity": [{"entity": "Folch", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "Biological Research Laboratory", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [50, 80]}, {"entity": "McLean Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 103]}, {"entity": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [120, 150]}, {"entity": "biological chemistry", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [180, 200]}, {"entity": "Harvard Medical School", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [204, 226]}, {"entity": "Neuroscience", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [251, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Right Stuff won four Academy Awards : for Academy Award for Best Sound Editing ( Jay Boekelheide ) , for Academy Award for Best Film Editing , for Academy Award for Best Original Score and for Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing ( Mark Berger , Tom Scott , Randy Thom and David MacMillan ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "The Right Stuff", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Sound Editing", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [46, 82]}, {"entity": "Jay Boekelheide", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Film Editing", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [109, 144]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Original Score", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [151, 188]}, {"entity": "Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [197, 232]}, {"entity": "Mark Berger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [235, 246]}, {"entity": "Tom Scott", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [249, 258]}, {"entity": "Randy Thom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [261, 271]}, {"entity": "David MacMillan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [276, 291]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It was discovered on 16 October 1977 , by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [42, 70]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [75, 94]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [98, 104]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [111, 122]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [126, 145]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [149, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Royal Society elected him a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1877 and bestowed their Rumford Medal ( 1894 ) , Davy ( 1909 ) , and Copley Medal ( 1916 ) medals upon him for his work , as well as inviting him to deliver their Bakerian Lecture in 1901 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 17]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [32, 59]}, {"entity": "Rumford Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "Davy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [117, 121]}, {"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [137, 149]}, {"entity": "Bakerian Lecture", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [231, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Witten has been honored with numerous awards including a MacArthur Grant ( 1982 ) , the Fields Medal ( 1990 ) , the Nemmers Prize in Mathematics ( 2000 ) , the National Medal of Science , retrieved 2013-09-01 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Witten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "MacArthur Grant", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [57, 72]}, {"entity": "Fields Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [88, 100]}, {"entity": "Nemmers Prize in Mathematics", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [116, 144]}, {"entity": "National Medal of Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [160, 185]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "2060 Chiron is a small Solar System body in the outer Solar System , orbit ing the Sun between Saturn and Uranus .", "entity": [{"entity": "2060 Chiron", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "small Solar System body", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 40]}, {"entity": "Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 66]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [83, 86]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [95, 101]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [106, 112]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Robert Hooke , Mikhail Lomonosov , Ole Borch , and Pierre Bayden all successfully created oxygen , but did not realize it at the time .", "entity": [{"entity": "Robert Hooke", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Mikhail Lomonosov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "Ole Borch", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "Pierre Bayden", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [90, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1753 , he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , and on 15 December 1769 a foreign member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 82]}, {"entity": "Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [133, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "A research into the mutual perturbations of Jupiter and Saturn secured for him the prize of the Berlin Academy in 1830 , and a memoir on cometary disturbances was crowned by the Paris Academy in 1850 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Berlin Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "Paris Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [178, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The lithophile elements include : Al , Boron , Barium , Beryllium , Bromine , Calcium , Chlorine , Cr , Caesium , Fluorine , Iodine , Hf , Potassium , Lithium , Magnesium , Sodium , Niobium , O , P , Rubidium , Sc , Si , Strontium , Ta , Th , Ti , U , V , Y , Zirconium , W and the lanthanides .", "entity": [{"entity": "Al", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [34, 36]}, {"entity": "Boron", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [39, 44]}, {"entity": "Barium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Beryllium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Bromine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [68, 75]}, {"entity": "Calcium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "Chlorine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [99, 101]}, {"entity": "Caesium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [104, 111]}, {"entity": "Fluorine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [114, 122]}, {"entity": "Iodine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "Hf", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [134, 136]}, {"entity": "Potassium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [139, 148]}, {"entity": "Lithium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [151, 158]}, {"entity": "Magnesium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [161, 170]}, {"entity": "Sodium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [173, 179]}, {"entity": "Niobium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [182, 189]}, {"entity": "O", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [192, 193]}, {"entity": "P", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [196, 197]}, {"entity": "Rubidium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [200, 208]}, {"entity": "Sc", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [211, 213]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [216, 218]}, {"entity": "Strontium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [221, 230]}, {"entity": "Ta", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [233, 235]}, {"entity": "Th", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [238, 240]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [243, 245]}, {"entity": "U", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [248, 249]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [252, 253]}, {"entity": "Y", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [256, 257]}, {"entity": "Zirconium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [260, 269]}, {"entity": "W", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [272, 273]}, {"entity": "lanthanides", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [282, 293]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He has been elected to the US National Academy of Sciences and Britain 's Royal Society , as well as to the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "US National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 58]}, {"entity": "Britain", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [63, 70]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [74, 87]}, {"entity": "American Philosophical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [108, 138]}, {"entity": "American Academy of Arts and Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [147, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "After receiving his D. Sc. in physics from Humboldt University of Berlin in Berlin , Germany in 1938 , Peterlin accepted in 1939 the chair as a professor of physics at the University of Ljubljana , where he remained for 22 years .", "entity": [{"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [30, 37]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [43, 72]}, {"entity": "Berlin", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [76, 82]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [85, 92]}, {"entity": "Peterlin", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [103, 111]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [157, 164]}, {"entity": "University of Ljubljana", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [172, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Histone s , gene regulatory proteins , DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase s , and other substances essential for nuclear activities must be imported from the cytoplasm .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histone", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "DNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [39, 53]}, {"entity": "RNA polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [58, 72]}, {"entity": "cytoplasm", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [157, 166]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The recurring characters of Adele Webber ( Loretta Devine ) , Finn Dandrige ( Chris O 'Donnell ) , Dr. Ellis Grey ( Kate Burton ) and Olivia Harper ( Sarah Utterback ) were portrayed with guest star billing .", "entity": [{"entity": "Adele Webber", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Loretta Devine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [43, 57]}, {"entity": "Finn Dandrige", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Chris O 'Donnell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "Dr. Ellis Grey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [99, 113]}, {"entity": "Kate Burton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [116, 127]}, {"entity": "Olivia Harper", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 147]}, {"entity": "Sarah Utterback", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [150, 165]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "( The previously discovered 45 Eugenia , 54 Alexandra , and 64 Angelina had nevertheless also been given non-classical names ; 64 Angelina had also been discovered by Tempel , but its name stood despite similar protests .", "entity": [{"entity": "45 Eugenia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [28, 38]}, {"entity": "54 Alexandra", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [41, 53]}, {"entity": "64 Angelina", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [60, 71]}, {"entity": "64 Angelina", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "Tempel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [167, 173]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Against a Crooked Sky is a 1975 American Western film directed by Earl Bellamy and starring Richard Boone , Stewart Petersen , and Henry Wilcoxon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Crooked Sky", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [10, 21]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 40]}, {"entity": "Western", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [41, 48]}, {"entity": "Earl Bellamy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "Richard Boone", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 105]}, {"entity": "Stewart Petersen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [108, 124]}, {"entity": "Henry Wilcoxon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [131, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Other alumni include scientists who were distinguished with the highest honours in their respective fields , amongst them Fields Medal , Pritzker Prize and Turing Award winners .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fields Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [122, 134]}, {"entity": "Pritzker Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [137, 151]}, {"entity": "Turing Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [156, 168]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "His research in cognitive psychology has won the Early Career Award ( 1984 ) and Boyd McCandless Award ( 1986 ) from the American Psychological Association , the Troland Research Award ( 1993 ) from the National Academy of Sciences , the Henry Dale Prize ( 2004 ) from the Royal Institution of Great Britain , and the George Miller Prize ( 2010 ) from the Cognitive Neuroscience Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "cognitive psychology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [16, 36]}, {"entity": "Early Career Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [49, 67]}, {"entity": "Boyd McCandless Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [81, 102]}, {"entity": "American Psychological Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 155]}, {"entity": "Troland Research Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [162, 184]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [203, 231]}, {"entity": "Henry Dale Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [238, 254]}, {"entity": "Royal Institution of Great Britain", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [273, 307]}, {"entity": "George Miller Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [318, 337]}, {"entity": "Cognitive Neuroscience Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [356, 386]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Her children were Jupiter , Neptune , Pluto , Juno , Ceres , and Vesta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [18, 25]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [28, 35]}, {"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [38, 43]}, {"entity": "Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [46, 50]}, {"entity": "Ceres", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [53, 58]}, {"entity": "Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [65, 70]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The episode was written by series creator Shonda Rhimes and directed by co-executive producer Peter Horton .", "entity": [{"entity": "Shonda Rhimes", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Peter Horton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [94, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Cohen received the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University together with Rita Levi-Montalcini in 1983 , the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for the isolation of nerve growth factor and the discovery of epidermal growth factor and the National Medal of Science in 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cohen", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [19, 45]}, {"entity": "Columbia University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "Rita Levi-Montalcini", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [85, 105]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [120, 157]}, {"entity": "nerve growth factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [187, 206]}, {"entity": "epidermal growth factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [228, 251]}, {"entity": "National Medal of Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [260, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences from 1836 and a foreign member of the Royal Society of London from 1837 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 56]}, {"entity": "Royal Society of London", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 118]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "During its ten seasons , Smallville won awards ranging from Primetime Emmy Award to Teen Choice Awards .", "entity": [{"entity": "Smallville", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [25, 35]}, {"entity": "Primetime Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "Teen Choice Awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [84, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Michalak 's estimate depends on the masses of 19 Fortuna , 29 Amphitrite , and 16 Psyche ; thus this mass was obtained assuming an incomplete dynamical model .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michalak", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "19 Fortuna", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "29 Amphitrite", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "16 Psyche", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [79, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Such covalent substances are usually gases , for example , HCl , Sulfur dioxide , Carbon dioxide , and Methane .", "entity": [{"entity": "HCl", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "Sulfur dioxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Carbon dioxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [82, 96]}, {"entity": "Methane", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [103, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Directors of the botanical garden from this period included Karl Julius Perleb , Fridolin Karl Leopold Spenner , Alexander Braun , Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli , Heinrich Anton de Bary and Julius von Sachs .", "entity": [{"entity": "botanical garden", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "Karl Julius Perleb", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [60, 78]}, {"entity": "Fridolin Karl Leopold Spenner", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [81, 110]}, {"entity": "Alexander Braun", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [131, 154]}, {"entity": "Heinrich Anton de Bary", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [157, 179]}, {"entity": "Julius von Sachs", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [184, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The most influential people were Erich Schumann , Abraham Esau , Walther Gerlach , and Kurt Diebner .", "entity": [{"entity": "Erich Schumann", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [33, 47]}, {"entity": "Abraham Esau", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Walther Gerlach", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [65, 80]}, {"entity": "Kurt Diebner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [87, 99]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Paleontologists - Mary Anning - Robert T. Bakker - Barnum Brown - William Buckland - Edward Drinker Cope - Jack Horner - Gideon Mantell - Othniel Charles Marsh - John Ostrom - Dong Zhiming br /", "entity": [{"entity": "Paleontologists", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Mary Anning", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Robert T. Bakker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [32, 48]}, {"entity": "Barnum Brown", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "William Buckland", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "Edward Drinker Cope", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [85, 104]}, {"entity": "Jack Horner", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [107, 118]}, {"entity": "Gideon Mantell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [121, 135]}, {"entity": "Othniel Charles Marsh", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [138, 159]}, {"entity": "John Ostrom", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [162, 173]}, {"entity": "Dong Zhiming", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [176, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In May 2008 , two new exoplanets of Jupiter size , CoRoT-4b and CoRoT-5b , as well as an unknown massive celestial object , CoRoT-3b , were announced by ESA .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-4b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-5b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [64, 72]}, {"entity": "CoRoT-3b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [124, 132]}, {"entity": "ESA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [153, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center assert that Pierce created cosmotheism in order to acquire tax-exempt status for the National Alliance after he had failed to do so earlier , and the SPLC refers to it as a bogus religion .", "entity": [{"entity": "Anti-Defamation League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "Southern Poverty Law Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 62]}, {"entity": "Pierce", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "cosmotheism", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [90, 101]}, {"entity": "National Alliance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 165]}, {"entity": "SPLC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [213, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In the episode , Sarah Jane Smith ( Elisabeth Sladen ) and Martha Jones ( Freema Agyeman ) , former travelling companions of the time-travelling Tenth Doctor ( David Tennant ) , prepare to counter the Dalek s ' universe-destroying Reality Bomb with devastating weapons of their own .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sarah Jane Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [17, 33]}, {"entity": "Elisabeth Sladen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 52]}, {"entity": "Martha Jones", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [59, 71]}, {"entity": "Freema Agyeman", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 88]}, {"entity": "time-travelling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 144]}, {"entity": "Tenth Doctor", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "David Tennant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [160, 173]}, {"entity": "Dalek", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [201, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Other studied asteroids included 15 Eunomia , 43 Ariadne , 44 Nysa , and 624 Hektor .", "entity": [{"entity": "15 Eunomia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [33, 43]}, {"entity": "43 Ariadne", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [46, 56]}, {"entity": "44 Nysa", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "624 Hektor", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [73, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On August 27 , Mercury and Venus were in conjunction , followed by a conjunction of Venus and Jupiter , meaning that the three planets were very close together in the evening sky .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [15, 22]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [94, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Audiences in Monte Carlo , Warsaw and Buenos Aires also heard Caruso sing during this pivotal phase of his career and , in 1899-1900 , he appeared before the tsar and the Russian aristocracy at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg and the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow as part of a touring company of first-class Italian singers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Monte Carlo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [13, 24]}, {"entity": "Warsaw", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [27, 33]}, {"entity": "Buenos Aires", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Caruso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 68]}, {"entity": "Russian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [171, 178]}, {"entity": "Mariinsky Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [198, 215]}, {"entity": "Bolshoi Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [244, 259]}, {"entity": "Moscow", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [263, 269]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [314, 321]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Another small epoch seen as a golden age is the unification of electricity , magnetism , and optics because of 19th century notables , including Michael Faraday , James Clerk Maxwell , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "electricity", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [63, 74]}, {"entity": "magnetism", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [77, 86]}, {"entity": "optics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Michael Faraday", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [145, 160]}, {"entity": "James Clerk Maxwell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [163, 182]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This culminates in the translocation of the NF-κB transcription factor Relish , leading to production of antimicrobial peptides and other effectors .", "entity": [{"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Relish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "antimicrobial peptides", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [105, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Like anandamide , both compounds activated the Cannabinoid receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "anandamide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [5, 15]}, {"entity": "Cannabinoid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The first one , Annales de physique , was latterly published by EDP Sciences under the same name up to 2009 , when it became integrated in the European Physical Journal series as the European Physical Journal H .", "entity": [{"entity": "Annales de physique", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [16, 35]}, {"entity": "EDP Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "European Physical Journal", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [143, 168]}, {"entity": "European Physical Journal H", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [183, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Many scientists such as James Clerk Maxwell , Oliver Heaviside and Heinrich Hertz unsuccessfully attempted to solve these problems by incorporating either Fresnel or Stokes ' theories into Maxwell 's new electromagnetic laws .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Clerk Maxwell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [24, 43]}, {"entity": "Oliver Heaviside", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [46, 62]}, {"entity": "Heinrich Hertz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [67, 81]}, {"entity": "Fresnel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [155, 162]}, {"entity": "Stokes", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [166, 172]}, {"entity": "Maxwell 's new electromagnetic laws", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [189, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Furry made important contributions to the early development of Quantum Field Theory with J. Robert Oppenheimer , Vladimir Fock , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Furry", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Quantum Field Theory", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [63, 83]}, {"entity": "J. Robert Oppenheimer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [89, 110]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Fock", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [113, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "While Caruso sang at such venues as La Scala in Milan , the Royal Opera House , in London , the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg , and the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires , he appeared most often at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City where he was the leading tenor for 18 consecutive seasons .", "entity": [{"entity": "Caruso", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [6, 12]}, {"entity": "La Scala", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 44]}, {"entity": "Milan", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Royal Opera House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [83, 89]}, {"entity": "Mariinsky Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [96, 113]}, {"entity": "Saint Petersburg", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [117, 133]}, {"entity": "Teatro Colón", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [144, 156]}, {"entity": "Buenos Aires", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [160, 172]}, {"entity": "Metropolitan Opera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [205, 223]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [227, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "These are : Birdlife International , the IUCN , the International Water Management Institute , Wetlands International and the World Wide Fund for Nature .", "entity": [{"entity": "Birdlife International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [12, 34]}, {"entity": "IUCN", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [41, 45]}, {"entity": "International Water Management Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [52, 92]}, {"entity": "Wetlands International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [95, 117]}, {"entity": "World Wide Fund for Nature", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [126, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "2016 he has been awarded the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience together with Gerd Binnig and Calvin Quate for the Scanning Force Microscope .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kavli Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [29, 40]}, {"entity": "Nanoscience", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [44, 55]}, {"entity": "Gerd Binnig", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [70, 81]}, {"entity": "Calvin Quate", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "Scanning Force Microscope", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [107, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "A nucleosome consists of 2 sets of 4 histones : H2A , H2B , Histone H3 , and Histone H4 .", "entity": [{"entity": "H2A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [48, 51]}, {"entity": "H2B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [54, 57]}, {"entity": "Histone H3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [60, 70]}, {"entity": "Histone H4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [77, 87]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1978 , he was also heavily influenced by the visit of Simon van der Meer and Carlo Rubbia to the laboratory , speaking on the possibilities of stochastic phase space cooling of antiproton beams and the exciting possibilities with proton-antiproton collisions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simon van der Meer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [57, 75]}, {"entity": "Carlo Rubbia", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 92]}, {"entity": "stochastic phase space cooling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [146, 176]}, {"entity": "antiproton", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [180, 190]}, {"entity": "proton-antiproton collisions", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [233, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Botryosphaeran reduces hepatic steatosis and dyslipidaemia , and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese rats through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) and the expression of the Forkhead transcription factor , FOXO3a , in adipose tissue .", "entity": [{"entity": "Botryosphaeran", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "hepatic steatosis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [23, 40]}, {"entity": "dyslipidaemia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "glucose intolerance", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [65, 84]}, {"entity": "AMP-activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [134, 162]}, {"entity": "AMPK", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [165, 169]}, {"entity": "Forkhead transcription factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [198, 227]}, {"entity": "FOXO3a", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [230, 236]}, {"entity": "adipose tissue", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [242, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "A 1990 Michael Winner film Bullseye ! , starring Michael Caine and Roger Moore , referenced the Fleischmann and Pons experiment .", "entity": [{"entity": "Michael Winner", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [7, 21]}, {"entity": "Bullseye !", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 37]}, {"entity": "Michael Caine", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [49, 62]}, {"entity": "Roger Moore", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [67, 78]}, {"entity": "Fleischmann and Pons experiment", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [96, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "She also played at 1990 Asian Games , 1991 , 1993 and 1995 AFC Championship .", "entity": [{"entity": "Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [24, 35]}, {"entity": "AFC Championship", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [59, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In the Greek-influenced tradition , Neptune is the brother of Jupiter and Pluto ; the brothers preside over the realms of Heaven , the earthly world , and the Underworld .About the relationship of the lord of our earthly world with water ( s ) Bloch , p .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greek-influenced", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [7, 23]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [36, 43]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [62, 69]}, {"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [74, 79]}, {"entity": "Bloch", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [244, 249]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "First subgroup composed by JAM-A , JAM-B , JAM-C has a PDZ domain binding motif type II at their C-termini , which interacts with the PDZ domain of ZO-1 , AF-6 , PAR-3 and MUPP1 .", "entity": [{"entity": "JAM-A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "JAM-B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "JAM-C", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [43, 48]}, {"entity": "PDZ domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [55, 65]}, {"entity": "C-termini", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [97, 106]}, {"entity": "PDZ domain", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [134, 144]}, {"entity": "ZO-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [148, 152]}, {"entity": "AF-6", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [155, 159]}, {"entity": "PAR-3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [162, 167]}, {"entity": "MUPP1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [172, 177]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "( See Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation ) Asymmetric hydrogenation of an alkene in the presence of ( ( S ) - BINAP ) Ru ( Acetate ) sub2 / sub is used for the commercial production of enantiomerically pure ( 97 % ee ) naproxen , used as an anti-inflammatory drug .", "entity": [{"entity": "Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [6, 37]}, {"entity": "hydrogenation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 64]}, {"entity": "alkene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [71, 77]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [101, 102]}, {"entity": "BINAP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [107, 112]}, {"entity": "Ru", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [115, 117]}, {"entity": "Acetate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [120, 127]}, {"entity": "ee", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [211, 213]}, {"entity": "naproxen", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [216, 224]}, {"entity": "anti-inflammatory drug", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [238, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "At the end of May , Mercury , Venus and Jupiter went through a series of conjunctions only a few days apart .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [20, 27]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [30, 35]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [40, 47]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "There is some information about earthquakes in Aristotle ' s Meteorology , in Naturalis Historia by Pliny the Elder , and in Strabo ' s Geographica .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aristotle", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [47, 56]}, {"entity": "Meteorology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Naturalis Historia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 96]}, {"entity": "Pliny the Elder", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 115]}, {"entity": "Strabo", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "Geographica", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [136, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Ernst Mayr remarks that the theory was hotly contested by some famous geneticists : William Bateson , Wilhelm Johannsen , Richard Goldschmidt and T.H. Morgan , all of a rather dogmatic turn of mind .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ernst Mayr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "William Bateson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [84, 99]}, {"entity": "Wilhelm Johannsen", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [102, 119]}, {"entity": "Richard Goldschmidt", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [122, 141]}, {"entity": "T.H. Morgan", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [146, 157]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He calculated the orbit s of the moons of Uranus and Saturn , obtaining the first value for Uranus ' mass .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [42, 48]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [53, 59]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [92, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Some known inhibitors of the caveolae pathway are Filipin III , Genistein and Nystatin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Filipin III", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [50, 61]}, {"entity": "Genistein", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [64, 73]}, {"entity": "Nystatin", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [78, 86]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Three of the country 's largest universities are located in central Thessaloniki : Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , the University of Macedonia and the International Hellenic University .", "entity": [{"entity": "central Thessaloniki", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [60, 80]}, {"entity": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [83, 119]}, {"entity": "University of Macedonia", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [126, 149]}, {"entity": "International Hellenic University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [158, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Walter Kohn , for his development of the density-functional theory , and John Pople , for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry , received the 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walter Kohn", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "density-functional theory", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [41, 66]}, {"entity": "John Pople", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "quantum chemistry", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [134, 151]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [172, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Max Planck , Albert Einstein , and Niels Bohr postulated the occurrence of energy in discrete quantities ( quanta ) in order to explain phenomena such as the spectrum of black-body radiation , the photoelectric effect , and the stability and spectra of atoms .", "entity": [{"entity": "Max Planck", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [13, 28]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [35, 45]}, {"entity": "black-body radiation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [170, 190]}, {"entity": "photoelectric effect", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [197, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The introduction of the Others featured Tom , a.k.a. Mr. Friendly ( M. C. Gainey ) , and Ethan Rom ( William Mapother ) , all of whom have been shown in both flashbacks and the ongoing story .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [40, 43]}, {"entity": "M. C. Gainey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [68, 80]}, {"entity": "Ethan Rom", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 98]}, {"entity": "William Mapother", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [101, 117]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "When the Royal Society in London published the groundbreaking work of an Italian lensmaker in their journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , de Graaf wrote to the editor of the journal , Henry Oldenburg , with a ringing endorsement of van Leeuwenhoek 's microscopes which , he claimed , far surpass those which we have hitherto seen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [9, 22]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [26, 32]}, {"entity": "Italian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [108, 155]}, {"entity": "Henry Oldenburg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [204, 219]}, {"entity": "van Leeuwenhoek", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [252, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Under his leadership the neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932 and in the same year the first experiment to split the nucleus in a fully controlled manner was performed by students working under his direction , John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton .", "entity": [{"entity": "James Chadwick", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 65]}, {"entity": "John Cockcroft", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [222, 236]}, {"entity": "Ernest Walton", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [241, 254]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Whereas the xenon fluorides are well characterized , with the exception of dichloride Xenon dichloride and Xenon tetrachloride , the other halides are not known .", "entity": [{"entity": "xenon fluorides", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [12, 27]}, {"entity": "dichloride", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "Xenon dichloride", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [86, 102]}, {"entity": "Xenon tetrachloride", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [107, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "As examples , antibiotic drug s of the tetracycline and quinolone families are chelators of Fe sup2 + / sup , Calcium sup2 + / sup , and Magnesium sup2 + / sup ions .", "entity": [{"entity": "tetracycline", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [39, 51]}, {"entity": "quinolone", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [56, 65]}, {"entity": "Fe sup2 + / sup", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [92, 107]}, {"entity": "Calcium sup2 + / sup", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [110, 130]}, {"entity": "Magnesium sup2 + / sup", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [137, 159]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Precursors of T cells originate in the bone marrow from which they migrate via bloodstream into thymic cortex , where they encounter stromal cell s including cTECs , which form the microenvironment crucial for proliferation and development of T cells by expression of DLL4 ( delta-like notch ligand 4 ) , cytokine s IL-7 , TGFβ or stem cell factor and chemokine s CCL25 , CXCL12 or CCRL1 etc .", "entity": [{"entity": "Precursors", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 21]}, {"entity": "bone marrow", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 50]}, {"entity": "thymic cortex", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [96, 109]}, {"entity": "stromal cell", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "cTECs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [158, 163]}, {"entity": "T cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [243, 250]}, {"entity": "DLL4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [268, 272]}, {"entity": "delta-like notch ligand 4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [275, 300]}, {"entity": "cytokine", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [305, 313]}, {"entity": "IL-7", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [316, 320]}, {"entity": "TGFβ", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [323, 327]}, {"entity": "stem cell factor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [331, 347]}, {"entity": "chemokine", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [352, 361]}, {"entity": "CCL25", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [364, 369]}, {"entity": "CXCL12", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [372, 378]}, {"entity": "CCRL1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [382, 387]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Donna J. Haraway ( born September 6 , 1944 ) is an American Professor Emerita in the History of Consciousness Department and Feminist Studies Department at the University of California , Santa Cruz , United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Donna J. Haraway", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 59]}, {"entity": "Professor Emerita", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "History of Consciousness Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [85, 120]}, {"entity": "Feminist Studies Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [125, 152]}, {"entity": "University of California", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [160, 184]}, {"entity": "Santa Cruz", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [187, 197]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [200, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Since then , names have been given to 134 additional satellites : 57 satellites of Jupiter , 43 of Saturn , 22 of Uranus , 12 of Neptune , 5 of Pluto , 1 of Eris , and 2 of Haumea .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [83, 90]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [99, 105]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [114, 120]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [129, 136]}, {"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [144, 149]}, {"entity": "Eris", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [157, 161]}, {"entity": "Haumea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [173, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "His research group 's developments in the solar and plasmonics field have been featured in Scientific American and in research papers in Science , Nature Materials , Nature Photonics and Advanced Materials .", "entity": [{"entity": "solar and plasmonics field", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [42, 68]}, {"entity": "Scientific American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [91, 110]}, {"entity": "Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [137, 144]}, {"entity": "Nature Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [147, 163]}, {"entity": "Nature Photonics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [166, 182]}, {"entity": "Advanced Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [187, 205]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The settlements included Grytviken , Leith Harbour , King Edward Point , Stromness , Husvik , Prince Olav Harbour , Ocean Harbour and Godthul .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grytviken", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 34]}, {"entity": "Leith Harbour", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [37, 50]}, {"entity": "King Edward Point", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [53, 70]}, {"entity": "Stromness", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 82]}, {"entity": "Husvik", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [85, 91]}, {"entity": "Prince Olav Harbour", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [94, 113]}, {"entity": "Ocean Harbour", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [116, 129]}, {"entity": "Godthul", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [134, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Other work included an improved determination of the rotation period of Mars , the discovery that the Martian polar caps vary seasonally , the discovery of Titania and Oberon ( moons of Uranus ) and Enceladus and Mimas ( moons of Saturn ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "Martian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [102, 109]}, {"entity": "Titania", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [156, 163]}, {"entity": "Oberon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [168, 174]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [186, 192]}, {"entity": "Enceladus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [199, 208]}, {"entity": "Mimas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [213, 218]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [230, 236]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Specifically , in cells treated with Ezh1 / 2 inhibitors , greater numbers of promyelocytic leukemia ( PML ) foci , which are involved with repression of gene expression , were seen , along with upregulation of interferon-alpha ( IFN-α ) and Interleukin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ezh1 / 2 inhibitors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [37, 56]}, {"entity": "promyelocytic leukemia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 100]}, {"entity": "PML", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "interferon-alpha", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [211, 227]}, {"entity": "IFN-α", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [230, 235]}, {"entity": "Interleukin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [242, 253]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The visitor starts with the sun on the eastern summit of the Hill , and following the trail to the west from the Sun , in the direction of Mills Observatory , he or she will encounter another eight rocks representing the planets Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus and Neptune .", "entity": [{"entity": "sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "Hill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [61, 65]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [113, 116]}, {"entity": "Mills Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [139, 156]}, {"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [229, 236]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [239, 244]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [247, 252]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [255, 259]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [262, 269]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [272, 278]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [281, 287]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [292, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Simpson 's other great passions were astronomy ( he was a member of the British Astronomical Association and - unusually for an amateur - was made a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society ) and pacifism , specifically addressed in the title of his Tenth String Quartet , For Peace .", "entity": [{"entity": "Simpson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "astronomy", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [37, 46]}, {"entity": "British Astronomical Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 104]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [149, 189]}, {"entity": "pacifism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [196, 204]}, {"entity": "Tenth String Quartet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [250, 270]}, {"entity": "For Peace", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [273, 282]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Palsson serves on the editorial board of several scientific journals including Annals of Biomedical Engineering , Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Metabolic Engineering and Molecular Systems Biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palsson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Annals of Biomedical Engineering", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [79, 111]}, {"entity": "Biotechnology and Bioengineering", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [114, 146]}, {"entity": "Metabolic Engineering", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [149, 170]}, {"entity": "Molecular Systems Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [175, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Of the sympatric species , they all contain Egg lysin that drives gamete isolation , but the allopatric species does not .", "entity": [{"entity": "Egg lysin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 53]}, {"entity": "gamete isolation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "As examples , for Greeks , Constantine XI Palaiologos and Kolokotronis ; and for Serbs , Miloš Obilić and Tzar Lazar ; for Montenegrins , Đurađ I Balšić and Ivan Crnojević ; for Albanians , George Kastrioti Skanderbeg ; for ethnic Macedonians , Nikola Karev for Bulgarians , Vasil Levski , Georgi Sava Rakovski and Hristo Botev and for Croats , Nikola Šubić Zrinjski .", "entity": [{"entity": "Greeks", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [18, 24]}, {"entity": "Constantine XI Palaiologos", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [27, 53]}, {"entity": "Kolokotronis", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [58, 70]}, {"entity": "Serbs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "Miloš Obilić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [89, 101]}, {"entity": "Tzar Lazar", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 116]}, {"entity": "Montenegrins", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [123, 135]}, {"entity": "Đurađ I Balšić", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 152]}, {"entity": "Ivan Crnojević", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [157, 171]}, {"entity": "Albanians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [178, 187]}, {"entity": "George Kastrioti Skanderbeg", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [190, 217]}, {"entity": "ethnic Macedonians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [224, 242]}, {"entity": "Nikola Karev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [245, 257]}, {"entity": "Bulgarians", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [262, 272]}, {"entity": "Vasil Levski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [275, 287]}, {"entity": "Georgi Sava Rakovski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [290, 310]}, {"entity": "Hristo Botev", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [315, 327]}, {"entity": "Croats", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [336, 342]}, {"entity": "Nikola Šubić Zrinjski", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [345, 366]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Today we know that AHR / CYP1-signaling is involved in an amazing array of genetic networks and subcellular processes critical to lifesub production ; crosstalk with hypoxia and Hypoxia-inducible factors ( HIF ) -signaling pathways ; transforming growth factor -signaling pathways , as well as growth suppression ; tumor initiation ; tumor promotion ; transgenerational inheritance and epigenetic effects ; chromatin remodeling ; histone modification ; and aging-related and degenerative disease s .", "entity": [{"entity": "AHR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 22]}, {"entity": "CYP1-signaling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [25, 39]}, {"entity": "hypoxia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "Hypoxia-inducible factors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [178, 203]}, {"entity": "HIF", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [206, 209]}, {"entity": "transforming growth factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 260]}, {"entity": "growth suppression", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [294, 312]}, {"entity": "tumor initiation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [315, 331]}, {"entity": "tumor promotion", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [334, 349]}, {"entity": "transgenerational inheritance", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [352, 381]}, {"entity": "epigenetic effects", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [386, 404]}, {"entity": "chromatin remodeling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [407, 427]}, {"entity": "histone modification", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [430, 450]}, {"entity": "aging-related and degenerative disease", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [457, 495]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The concept of détournement has had a popular influence amongst contemporary radicals , and the technique can be seen in action in the present day when looking at the work of Culture Jammer s including the Cacophony Society , Billboard Liberation Front , monochrom , Occupy Movements and Adbusters , whose subvertisements detourn .", "entity": [{"entity": "détournement", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 27]}, {"entity": "Culture Jammer", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [175, 189]}, {"entity": "Cacophony Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 223]}, {"entity": "Billboard Liberation Front", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [226, 252]}, {"entity": "monochrom", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [255, 264]}, {"entity": "Occupy Movements", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [267, 283]}, {"entity": "Adbusters", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [288, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "She played a substantial role in the discovery of germ cell migratory pathways ( namely those involving gap junction s , G protein-coupled receptor like Tre-1 , and isoprenoids ) , particularly those concerning migration into the ovaries and testis .", "entity": [{"entity": "gap junction", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [104, 116]}, {"entity": "G protein-coupled receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [121, 147]}, {"entity": "Tre-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 158]}, {"entity": "isoprenoids", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [165, 176]}, {"entity": "ovaries", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [230, 237]}, {"entity": "testis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [242, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It was developed as a treatment for hepatitis C , acting as a NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor , but while it showed a good safety profile in clinical trials , it was not sufficiently effective to be used as a stand-alone agent .", "entity": [{"entity": "hepatitis C", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [36, 47]}, {"entity": "NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [62, 91]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Galaxies and protostar s usually show differential rotation ; examples in the Solar System include the Sun , Jupiter and Saturn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galaxies", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "protostar", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [13, 22]}, {"entity": "Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 90]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [109, 116]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [121, 127]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Alsufi was discovered on 24 September 1960 , by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , on photographic plates taken by Dutch-American astronomer Tom Gehrels at the U.S. Palomar Observatory , California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alsufi", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 53]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [72, 100]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [105, 124]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [128, 134]}, {"entity": "Dutch-American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [169, 183]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [195, 206]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [214, 218]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [219, 238]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [241, 251]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Manchester hosted the 2002 Commonwealth Games , which left it a legacy of sporting facilities including the City of Manchester Stadium , Manchester Aquatics Centre and the National Cycling Centre , headquarters of British Cycling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Manchester", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "2002 Commonwealth Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [22, 45]}, {"entity": "City of Manchester Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [108, 134]}, {"entity": "Manchester Aquatics Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [137, 163]}, {"entity": "National Cycling Centre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [172, 195]}, {"entity": "British Cycling", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [214, 229]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The rings of Uranus are a system of ring s around the planet Uranus , intermediate in complexity between the more extensive set around Saturn and the simpler systems around Jupiter and Neptune .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [13, 19]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [61, 67]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [135, 141]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [173, 180]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [185, 192]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "These orbital variations , which are influenced by gravity of the Moon , Sun , Jupiter , and Saturn , form the basis of the Milankovitch cycle .", "entity": [{"entity": "Moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [66, 70]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [73, 76]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [79, 86]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [93, 99]}, {"entity": "Milankovitch cycle", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [124, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Some exceptions are the Taraxacum officinale ( Taraxacum officinale ) , which since its introduction to the region has proliferated on beaches and shores and near newly opened roads on Baffin Island , Barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) , shepherd 's purse ( Capsella bursa-pastoris ) and the opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taraxacum officinale", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [24, 44]}, {"entity": "Taraxacum officinale", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [47, 67]}, {"entity": "Baffin Island", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [185, 198]}, {"entity": "Barley", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [201, 207]}, {"entity": "Hordeum vulgare", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [210, 225]}, {"entity": "shepherd 's purse", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [230, 247]}, {"entity": "Capsella bursa-pastoris", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [250, 273]}, {"entity": "opium poppy", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [284, 295]}, {"entity": "Papaver somniferum", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [298, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1348 , Giovanni Dondi built the first known clock driven mechanism which displays the ecliptical position of Moon , Sun , Mercury , Venus , Mars , Jupiter and Saturn according to the complicated Ptolemaic planetary theories .", "entity": [{"entity": "Giovanni Dondi", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [10, 24]}, {"entity": "Moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [112, 116]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [119, 122]}, {"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [125, 132]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [135, 140]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [150, 157]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [162, 168]}, {"entity": "Ptolemaic planetary theories", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [198, 226]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "H3K27me3 is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H3 .", "entity": [{"entity": "H3K27me3", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "epigenetic modification", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 38]}, {"entity": "DNA packaging protein", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 67]}, {"entity": "Histone H3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [68, 78]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1994 , Tooze moved to London to set up a lab studying the biogenesis of Secretion at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund , later the Cancer Research UK London Research Institute ( and now part of the Francis Crick Institute ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Tooze", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [10, 15]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 31]}, {"entity": "Imperial Cancer Research Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [92, 121]}, {"entity": "Cancer Research UK London Research Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [134, 178]}, {"entity": "Francis Crick Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [201, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He also included perturbations due to the other planets ( principally Jupiter and Venus ) and also accounted for the more difficult problem of the non-spherical nature of the Earth and Moon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [82, 87]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [175, 180]}, {"entity": "Moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [185, 189]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Among the biggest YEC organizations are Answers in Genesis , Institute for Creation Research , and Creation Ministries International .", "entity": [{"entity": "Answers in Genesis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 58]}, {"entity": "Institute for Creation Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [61, 92]}, {"entity": "Creation Ministries International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [99, 132]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The transcription factors STAT protein , NF-κB , p73 , and p53 are among the many proteins that PIAS interacts with .", "entity": [{"entity": "STAT protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "p73", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 52]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "PIAS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The journal is published by Taylor and Francis on behalf of the American Association of Geographers , of which it is one of four official journals , the others being The Professional Geographer , AAG Review of Books , GeoHumanities , and African Geographical Review .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taylor and Francis", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 46]}, {"entity": "American Association of Geographers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 99]}, {"entity": "The Professional Geographer", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [166, 193]}, {"entity": "AAG Review of Books", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [196, 215]}, {"entity": "GeoHumanities", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [218, 231]}, {"entity": "African Geographical Review", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [238, 265]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The scientists reported that genome editing by CRISPR induced DNA damage response and the cell cycle stopped .", "entity": [{"entity": "genome editing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 43]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "DNA damage response", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [62, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Jared Diamond describes an Evil Quartet of habitat destruction , overkill , introduced species and secondary extinctions.small which has been adopted by major international conservation organizations such as the US Nature Conservancy , the World Wildlife Fund , Conservation International and BirdLife International .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jared Diamond", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Evil Quartet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [27, 39]}, {"entity": "habitat destruction", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 62]}, {"entity": "US Nature Conservancy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [212, 233]}, {"entity": "World Wildlife Fund", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [240, 259]}, {"entity": "Conservation International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [262, 288]}, {"entity": "BirdLife International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [293, 315]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Typical COC material will have a higher modulus than HDPE and Polypropylene , similar to Polyethylene terephthalate or PC .", "entity": [{"entity": "COC", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "HDPE", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "Polypropylene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [62, 75]}, {"entity": "Polyethylene terephthalate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [89, 115]}, {"entity": "PC", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [119, 121]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Red Mars won the BSFA Award in 1992 and Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1993 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Red Mars", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "BSFA Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [17, 27]}, {"entity": "Nebula Award for Best Novel", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [40, 67]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "1 The eight planets are : Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , and Neptune .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [26, 33]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [36, 41]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [52, 56]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [69, 75]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [91, 98]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor and F2RL3 are similarly hypomethylated in smokers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 35]}, {"entity": "F2RL3", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [40, 45]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "These include the TRUE Blue Crew , Antipodean Resistance , the Australian Defence League , National Action ( Australia ) , the Q Society , Reclaim Australia and the Lads Society ( formerly United Patriots Front ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TRUE Blue Crew", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [18, 32]}, {"entity": "Antipodean Resistance", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "Australian Defence League", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 88]}, {"entity": "National Action", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [91, 106]}, {"entity": "Australia", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [109, 118]}, {"entity": "Q Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 136]}, {"entity": "Reclaim Australia", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [139, 156]}, {"entity": "Lads Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 177]}, {"entity": "United Patriots Front", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [189, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was named one of the most valued reviewers of 2010 by the Editors of Elsevier and Nuclear Physics Other journals for which Dr. Poenaru peer review ed articles include Physical Review Letters , Physical Review C , Journal of Physics G : Nuclear and Particle Physics and Canadian Journal of Physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Elsevier", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 80]}, {"entity": "Nuclear Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [85, 100]}, {"entity": "Poenaru", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "Physical Review Letters", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [170, 193]}, {"entity": "Physical Review C", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [196, 213]}, {"entity": "Journal of Physics G", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [216, 236]}, {"entity": "Nuclear and Particle Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [239, 267]}, {"entity": "Canadian Journal of Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [272, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Several TLR immunodeficiencies have been described in which cellular proteins that should transmit the message from the Toll-like receptor to the nucleus are abnormal .", "entity": [{"entity": "TLR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "Toll-like receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [120, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "52872 Okyrhoe is a centaur orbiting in the outer Solar System between Jupiter and Saturn .", "entity": [{"entity": "52872 Okyrhoe", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "centaur", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 26]}, {"entity": "outer Solar System", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 61]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [70, 77]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [82, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "For example , LHsub2 / sub / LOx bipropellant produces higher Isubsp / sub but lower thrust than RP-1 / LOx due to the exhaust gases having a lower density and higher velocity ( Properties of water vs Carbon dioxide and Hsub2 / subO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "LHsub2 / sub / LOx", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "Isubsp / sub", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "RP-1 / LOx", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "water", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [192, 197]}, {"entity": "Carbon dioxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [201, 215]}, {"entity": "Hsub2 / subO", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [220, 232]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The term can also be used to describe the motion of a satellite across its parent planet , for instance one of the Galilean satellites ( Io , Europa , Ganymede , Callisto ) across Jupiter , as seen from Earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Galilean satellites", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [115, 134]}, {"entity": "Io", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [137, 139]}, {"entity": "Europa", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [142, 148]}, {"entity": "Ganymede", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [151, 159]}, {"entity": "Callisto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [180, 187]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [203, 208]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "For the Good Times ( Ray Price ) won Song of the Year in 1970 from the Academy of Country Music , while Sunday Morning Coming Down ( Johnny Cash ) won the same award from the Academy 's rival , the Country Music Association , in the same year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Good Times", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [8, 18]}, {"entity": "Ray Price", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [21, 30]}, {"entity": "Song of the Year", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [37, 53]}, {"entity": "Academy of Country Music", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [71, 95]}, {"entity": "Sunday Morning Coming Down", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [104, 130]}, {"entity": "Johnny Cash", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [133, 144]}, {"entity": "Country Music Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [198, 223]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It was discovered during the Palomar-Leiden survey on 24 September 1960 , by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California , United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Palomar-Leiden survey", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 50]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 105]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [110, 129]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [133, 139]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [146, 157]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [161, 180]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [184, 194]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [197, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The British English spelling of this compound is hydrogen sulphide , but this spelling is not recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) or the Royal Society of Chemistry .", "entity": [{"entity": "British English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 19]}, {"entity": "hydrogen sulphide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [49, 66]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [113, 162]}, {"entity": "IUPAC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [165, 170]}, {"entity": "Royal Society of Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [180, 206]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "They include the N-terminal scaffold attachment factor -A / B , acinus and PIAS ( SAP ) domain , the Proline - Isoleucine - Asparagine -Ile- Threonine ( PINIT ) motif , the RING finger domain - Zinc finger -like zinc -binding domain ( RLD ) , the highly acidic domain ( AD ) , the SUMO-interacting motif ( SIM ) , and the serine / threonine -rich C-terminal region ( S / T ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "N-terminal scaffold attachment factor -A / B", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [17, 61]}, {"entity": "acinus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 70]}, {"entity": "PIAS ( SAP )", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 87]}, {"entity": "Proline", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [101, 108]}, {"entity": "Isoleucine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "Asparagine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [124, 134]}, {"entity": "Threonine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [141, 150]}, {"entity": "PINIT", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [153, 158]}, {"entity": "RING finger domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [173, 191]}, {"entity": "Zinc finger -like zinc -binding domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [194, 232]}, {"entity": "RLD", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [235, 238]}, {"entity": "SUMO-interacting motif", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [281, 303]}, {"entity": "SIM", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [306, 309]}, {"entity": "serine / threonine -rich C-terminal region", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [322, 364]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The use of 1,4-butanediol as an intelligent cosubstrate has also been validated in non-aqueous media using a commercial Alcohol dehydrogenase .Kara S , Spickermann D , Weckbecker A , Leggewie C , Arends IWCE , Hollmann F ( 2014 ) Bioreductions Catalyzed by an Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Non-aqueous Media .", "entity": [{"entity": "1,4-butanediol", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [11, 25]}, {"entity": "intelligent cosubstrate", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 55]}, {"entity": "non-aqueous media", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 100]}, {"entity": "Alcohol dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [120, 141]}, {"entity": ".Kara S", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [142, 149]}, {"entity": "Spickermann D", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [152, 165]}, {"entity": "Weckbecker A", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [168, 180]}, {"entity": "Leggewie C", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [183, 193]}, {"entity": "Arends IWCE", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [196, 207]}, {"entity": "Hollmann F", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [210, 220]}, {"entity": "Bioreductions Catalyzed", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [230, 253]}, {"entity": "Alcohol Dehydrogenase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [260, 281]}, {"entity": "Non-aqueous Media", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [285, 302]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Also dealt with was Miranda Bailey ( Chandra Wilson ) attempting to have Stevens rejoin the program , Mark Sloan ( Dane ) arriving from New York City in order to resume his romantic relationship with Montgomery , and Callie Torres ( Sara Ramirez ) being evacuated from the hospital .", "entity": [{"entity": "Miranda Bailey", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [20, 34]}, {"entity": "Chandra Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [37, 51]}, {"entity": "Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Mark Sloan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [102, 112]}, {"entity": "Dane", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [115, 119]}, {"entity": "New York City", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "Montgomery", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [200, 210]}, {"entity": "Callie Torres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [217, 230]}, {"entity": "Sara Ramirez", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [233, 245]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Members of this second group are ZONAB , Ral-A , Raf-1 , Protein kinase C , symplekin , cingulin and some more .", "entity": [{"entity": "ZONAB", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 38]}, {"entity": "Ral-A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [41, 46]}, {"entity": "Raf-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "Protein kinase C", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [57, 73]}, {"entity": "symplekin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [76, 85]}, {"entity": "cingulin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [88, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Amar Nath Bhaduri ( 1935-2003 ) was an Indian molecular enzymologist and chemical biologist , known for his studies on UDP-glucose 4-epimerase , a homodimeric epimerase found in cells and his work on Leishmania donovani , the protozoal pathogen for Kala-azar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amar Nath Bhaduri", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Indian", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "molecular enzymologist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [46, 68]}, {"entity": "chemical biologist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [73, 91]}, {"entity": "UDP-glucose 4-epimerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [119, 142]}, {"entity": "homodimeric epimerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [147, 168]}, {"entity": "Leishmania donovani", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [200, 219]}, {"entity": "protozoal pathogen", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [226, 244]}, {"entity": "Kala-azar", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [249, 258]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Sakharov was discovered on 24 September 1960 , by the Dutch astronomers Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten , on photographic plates taken by Dutch-American astronomer Tom Gehrels at the U.S. Palomar Observatory in California .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sakharov", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 59]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [72, 100]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [105, 124]}, {"entity": "Dutch-American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [159, 173]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 196]}, {"entity": "U.S. Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [204, 228]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [232, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The traditional emblem for the House of Lancaster is a red rose , the Red Rose of Lancaster , similar to that of the House of York , which is a white rose .", "entity": [{"entity": "House of Lancaster", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [31, 49]}, {"entity": "Red Rose of Lancaster", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 91]}, {"entity": "House of York", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "; the most exclusive sports clubs : CCI , The Willingdon Sports Club as well as Bombay Gymkhana and the most expensive hospitals : Breach Candy Hospital , Bombay Hospital , Jaslok Hospital and Hurkisondas Hospital ; in the nation .", "entity": [{"entity": "CCI", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [36, 39]}, {"entity": "The Willingdon Sports Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [42, 68]}, {"entity": "Bombay Gymkhana", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "Breach Candy Hospital", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [131, 152]}, {"entity": "Bombay Hospital", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [155, 170]}, {"entity": "Jaslok Hospital", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [173, 188]}, {"entity": "Hurkisondas Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [193, 213]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The NLR proteins are not linear : the NB-ARC domain is sandwiched in between the Leucine-rich repeat and Toll-Interleukin receptor / CC domains .", "entity": [{"entity": "NLR proteins", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 16]}, {"entity": "NB-ARC domain", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "Leucine-rich repeat", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [81, 100]}, {"entity": "Toll-Interleukin receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [105, 130]}, {"entity": "CC domains", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [133, 143]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In season three , two actors were promoted from recurring to starring roles : Henry Ian Cusick as former Scottish soldier Desmond Hume ; and Michael Emerson as the manipulative leader of the Others , Ben Linus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry Ian Cusick", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [78, 94]}, {"entity": "Scottish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [105, 113]}, {"entity": "Desmond Hume", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [122, 134]}, {"entity": "Michael Emerson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [141, 156]}, {"entity": "Ben Linus", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [200, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "From left to right , they are : Saturn with sickle and club for Saturday , Jupiter with thunderbolts for Thursday , Mars with sword and shield for Tuesday , Venus with Cupid for Friday and Mercury with staff and bag for Wednesday .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [32, 38]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [75, 82]}, {"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [116, 120]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [157, 162]}, {"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [189, 196]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Saha also invented an instrument to measure the weight and pressure of solar rays and helped to build several scientific institutions , such as the Physics Department in University of Allahabad and the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics in Calcutta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saha", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Physics Department", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [148, 166]}, {"entity": "University of Allahabad", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [170, 193]}, {"entity": "Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [202, 235]}, {"entity": "Calcutta", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [239, 247]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Insulin signaling activates the adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) -sensitive potassium ( KATP ) channels in the arcuate nucleus , decreases AgRP release , and through the vagus nerve , leads to decreased glucose production by the liver by decreasing gluconeogenic enzymes : Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase , Glucose 6-phosphatase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Insulin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "adenosine triphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [32, 54]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [57, 60]}, {"entity": "potassium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [74, 83]}, {"entity": "KATP", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [86, 90]}, {"entity": "arcuate nucleus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [109, 124]}, {"entity": "AgRP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [137, 141]}, {"entity": "glucose", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [201, 208]}, {"entity": "liver", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [227, 232]}, {"entity": "gluconeogenic enzymes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [247, 268]}, {"entity": "Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [271, 304]}, {"entity": "Glucose 6-phosphatase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [307, 328]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The conclusion of the scientists was that further effort was needed in to improve the precision and efficiency of CRISPR gene editing .", "entity": [{"entity": "CRISPR gene editing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [114, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In the second step react Phosphoribosylamine , glycine and ATP to create Glycineamide ribonucleotide , ADP , and pyrophosphate - catalyzed by phosphoribosylamine - glycine ligase ( GAR synthetase ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phosphoribosylamine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [25, 44]}, {"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [47, 54]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [59, 62]}, {"entity": "Glycineamide ribonucleotide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [73, 100]}, {"entity": "ADP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [103, 106]}, {"entity": "pyrophosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [113, 126]}, {"entity": "phosphoribosylamine - glycine ligase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [142, 178]}, {"entity": "GAR synthetase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [181, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Schweickart is a fellow of the American Astronautical Society and the International Academy of Astronautics , and an associate fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Schweickart", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 11]}, {"entity": "fellow of the American Astronautical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [17, 61]}, {"entity": "International Academy of Astronautics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 107]}, {"entity": "fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [127, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The scientists used tripronuclear ( 3PN ) zygotes , zygotes fertilized by two sperm and therefore non-viable , to investigate CRISPR -mediated gene editing in human cells , something that had never been attempted before .", "entity": [{"entity": "tripronuclear ( 3PN ) zygotes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [20, 49]}, {"entity": "CRISPR -mediated gene editing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Now being unemployed , Izzie Stevens ( Katherine Heigl ) tries to move on after the death of her fiancé , Denny Duquette ( Jeffrey Dean Morgan ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Izzie Stevens", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [23, 36]}, {"entity": "Katherine Heigl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [39, 54]}, {"entity": "Denny Duquette", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [106, 120]}, {"entity": "Jeffrey Dean Morgan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 142]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Soon he established closer contact to Wilhelm Wien , Arnold Sommerfeld , Johannes Stark , and Albert Einstein .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilhelm Wien", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Arnold Sommerfeld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [53, 70]}, {"entity": "Johannes Stark", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [73, 87]}, {"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [94, 109]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He studied astronomy and physics at the University of Dorpat , and furthered his education of physics in Paris in the laboratories of Antoine César Becquerel ( 1788-1878 ) and Henri Victor Regnault ( 1810-1878 ) , and afterwards at Berlin in the laboratories of Heinrich Gustav Magnus ( 1802-1870 ) , Johann Christian Poggendorff ( 1796-1877 ) and Heinrich Wilhelm Dove ( 1803-1879 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "astronomy", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [11, 20]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [25, 32]}, {"entity": "University of Dorpat", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [40, 60]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [94, 101]}, {"entity": "Paris", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [105, 110]}, {"entity": "Antoine César Becquerel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [134, 157]}, {"entity": "Henri Victor Regnault", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [176, 197]}, {"entity": "Heinrich Gustav Magnus", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [262, 284]}, {"entity": "Johann Christian Poggendorff", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [301, 329]}, {"entity": "Heinrich Wilhelm Dove", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [348, 369]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Declaring an arsenal of 39,967 tons of chemical weapons in 1997 , by far the largest arsenal , consisting of blister agents : Lewisite , Sulfur mustard , Lewisite-mustard mix , and nerve agents : Sarin , Soman , and VX .", "entity": [{"entity": "blister agents", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [109, 123]}, {"entity": "Lewisite", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "Sulfur mustard", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [137, 151]}, {"entity": "Lewisite-mustard mix", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [154, 174]}, {"entity": "nerve agents", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [181, 193]}, {"entity": "Sarin", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [196, 201]}, {"entity": "Soman", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [204, 209]}, {"entity": "VX", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [216, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Dyson presented his observations of the solar eclipse of May 29 , 1919 to a joint meeting of the Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society on 6 November 1919 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dyson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "solar eclipse of May 29 , 1919", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [40, 70]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [97, 110]}, {"entity": "Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The discovery of the asteroid 3 Juno by Karl Ludwig Harding and 4 Vesta by Olbers , buttressed his hypothesis .", "entity": [{"entity": "3 Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [30, 36]}, {"entity": "Karl Ludwig Harding", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [40, 59]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [64, 71]}, {"entity": "Olbers", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [75, 81]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "During their maturation in the thymus , they undergo a process called V ( D ) J recombination which conducts the development of T-cell receptor ( TCR ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "thymus", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 37]}, {"entity": "V ( D ) J recombination", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 93]}, {"entity": "T-cell receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [128, 143]}, {"entity": "TCR", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The chalcophile elements include : Silver , Arsenic , Bi , Cadmium , Cu , Gallium , Ge , Hg , Indium , Pb , Sulfur , Sb , Selenium , Sn , Tellurium , Thallium and Zn . Allaby , M. ( 2013 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Silver", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [35, 41]}, {"entity": "Arsenic", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [44, 51]}, {"entity": "Bi", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [54, 56]}, {"entity": "Cadmium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Cu", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "Gallium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Ge", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [84, 86]}, {"entity": "Hg", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [89, 91]}, {"entity": "Indium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [94, 100]}, {"entity": "Pb", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [103, 105]}, {"entity": "Sulfur", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [108, 114]}, {"entity": "Sb", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [117, 119]}, {"entity": "Selenium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [122, 130]}, {"entity": "Sn", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [133, 135]}, {"entity": "Tellurium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [138, 147]}, {"entity": "Thallium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [150, 158]}, {"entity": "Zn", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [163, 165]}, {"entity": "Allaby , M.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [168, 179]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "LINE1 transposable elements have been identified as targets for ionizing radiation .", "entity": [{"entity": "LINE1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "ionizing radiation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [64, 82]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Staudinger , who initially wanted to become a botanist , studied chemistry at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , at the Technische Universität Darmstadt and at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich .", "entity": [{"entity": "Staudinger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "chemistry", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [65, 74]}, {"entity": "Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [82, 126]}, {"entity": "Technische Universität Darmstadt", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [136, 168]}, {"entity": "Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [180, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Chinese Physics Letters is a part of a small group of four journals from the Chinese Physical Society , the other three are : Communications in Theoretical Physics ( in English , subtitled Chinese Physics A ) , Chinese Physics B ( in English ) , and Chinese Physics C ( in English ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chinese Physics Letters", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [0, 23]}, {"entity": "Chinese Physical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 101]}, {"entity": "Communications in Theoretical Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [126, 163]}, {"entity": "Chinese Physics A", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [189, 206]}, {"entity": "Chinese Physics B", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [211, 228]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 241]}, {"entity": "Chinese Physics C", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [250, 267]}, {"entity": "English", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [273, 280]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Mount Tuve in Ellsworth Land in Antarctica was named in honor of Merle Anthony Tuve .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mount Tuve", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 10]}, {"entity": "Ellsworth Land", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [14, 28]}, {"entity": "Antarctica", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [32, 42]}, {"entity": "Merle Anthony Tuve", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [65, 83]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Supercritical fluids occur in the atmospheres of the gas giant s Jupiter and Saturn , and probably in those of the ice giant s Uranus and Neptune .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [65, 72]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [77, 83]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [127, 133]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [138, 145]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Confirmed transiting hot Jupiters that have orbital periods of less than one day include WASP-18b , WASP-19b , WASP-43b , and WASP-103b .", "entity": [{"entity": "Jupiters", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [25, 33]}, {"entity": "WASP-18b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [89, 97]}, {"entity": "WASP-19b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [100, 108]}, {"entity": "WASP-43b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [111, 119]}, {"entity": "WASP-103b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [126, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Fraser has been an editor for journals mBio , Journal of Bacteriology , Microbial Genomics ( journal ) , Molecular Case Studies , and DNA and Cell Biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fraser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "mBio", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "Journal of Bacteriology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [46, 69]}, {"entity": "Microbial Genomics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [72, 90]}, {"entity": "Molecular Case Studies", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [105, 127]}, {"entity": "DNA and Cell Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [134, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Aluminium hydroxide , ferrous hydroxide , Hydroxide ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Aluminium hydroxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 19]}, {"entity": "ferrous hydroxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [22, 39]}, {"entity": "Hydroxide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [42, 51]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The gamma pseudogene contains an inverted long interspersed nuclear element .", "entity": [{"entity": "gamma pseudogene", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "long interspersed nuclear element", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [42, 75]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Juno was originally considered a planet , along with 1 Ceres , 2 Pallas , and 4 Vesta .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "1 Ceres", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [53, 60]}, {"entity": "2 Pallas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [63, 71]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [78, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Henry Taube , Ph.D , M.Sc , B.Sc. , Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada ( November 30 , 1915 & amp ; ndash ; November 16 , 2005 ) was a Canadian -born American chemist noted for having been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in the mechanisms of electron-transfer reactions , especially in metal complexes .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henry", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "Taube", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [6, 11]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [36, 73]}, {"entity": "Canadian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [153, 161]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [209, 233]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In recognition of the vast amount of scientific information amassed by both rovers , two asteroid s have been named in their honor : 37452 Spirit and 39382 Opportunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "37452 Spirit", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [133, 145]}, {"entity": "39382 Opportunity", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [150, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He has been published in a range of Academic journal s , such as the Cambridge Journal of Economics , the Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics and the Oxford Review of Economic Policy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cambridge Journal of Economics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [69, 99]}, {"entity": "Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [106, 149]}, {"entity": "Oxford Review of Economic Policy", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [158, 190]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Under typical dark sky conditions Uranus ( magnitude + 5.8 ) can be seen as well with averted vision , as can the asteroid 4 Vesta at its brighter oppositions .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [34, 40]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [123, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This methylation causes other factors like Histone deacetylase ( HDACs ) to bind to the chromosome and propagate heterochromatin formation , even into active gene regions .", "entity": [{"entity": "methylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [5, 16]}, {"entity": "Histone deacetylase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [43, 62]}, {"entity": "HDACs", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [65, 70]}, {"entity": "chromosome", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [88, 98]}, {"entity": "heterochromatin formation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [113, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The 2nd group of anions consist of Chloride , Bromide , Iodide , Nitrate .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chloride", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Bromide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [46, 53]}, {"entity": "Iodide", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [56, 62]}, {"entity": "Nitrate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [65, 72]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1987 , he discovered the DNA sequence of CRISPR ,", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 31]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It works as a transmitter from and to the tight junction , because of its association with signaling molecules ( Phosphoinositide 3-kinase , Protein kinase C , YES , Protein phosphatase 2 , 1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phosphoinositide 3-kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [113, 138]}, {"entity": "Protein kinase C", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [141, 157]}, {"entity": "YES", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [160, 163]}, {"entity": "Protein phosphatase 2 , 1", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [166, 191]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Other enzymes such as ( Transglutaminase ) control chromatin remodeling through proteins such as sirtuin1 ( SIRT1 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Transglutaminase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "chromatin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [51, 60]}, {"entity": "sirtuin1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [97, 105]}, {"entity": "SIRT1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [108, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "However , various histone modifications are placed by epigenetic modifiers such as DNA methyltransferase in neurons and these marks regulate gene expression throughout the life span of the neuron .", "entity": [{"entity": "epigenetic modifiers", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 74]}, {"entity": "DNA methyltransferase", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 104]}, {"entity": "gene expression", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [141, 156]}, {"entity": "neuron", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [189, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Juno can reach + 7.5 at a favourable opposition , which is brighter than Neptune or Titan , and is the reason for it being discovered before the larger asteroids 10 Hygiea , 52 Europa , 511 Davida , and 704 Interamnia .", "entity": [{"entity": "Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [73, 80]}, {"entity": "Titan", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [84, 89]}, {"entity": "10 Hygiea", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "52 Europa", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [174, 183]}, {"entity": "511 Davida", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [186, 196]}, {"entity": "704 Interamnia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [203, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "She also played at 1986 , 1989 , 1993 , 1995 AFC Championship , 1990 , Football at the 1994 Asian Games .", "entity": [{"entity": "AFC Championship", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [45, 61]}, {"entity": "Football", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [71, 79]}, {"entity": "Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [92, 103]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The biological effects of estrogens ( and xenoestrogens ) are mediated through the Estrogen receptor .", "entity": [{"entity": "estrogens", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [26, 35]}, {"entity": "xenoestrogens", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [42, 55]}, {"entity": "Estrogen receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 100]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Pauli spent a year at the University of Göttingen as the assistant to Max Born , and the following year at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in University of Copenhagen , which later became the Niels Bohr Institute in 1965 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pauli", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 5]}, {"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [26, 49]}, {"entity": "Max Born", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [70, 78]}, {"entity": "Institute for Theoretical Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [111, 144]}, {"entity": "University of Copenhagen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [148, 172]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [198, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Ellen DeGeneres also became the first actress to win an award for voice acting , and the third person to do so after Robin Williams and Scott Weinger in 1992 , both for Aladdin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ellen DeGeneres", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Robin Williams", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [117, 131]}, {"entity": "Scott Weinger", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [136, 149]}, {"entity": "Aladdin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [169, 176]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Assisted by activists from Southern Christian Leadership Conference , Congress of Racial Equality , SNCC , and the NAACP , African Americans and supporters took a stand to fight segregation through nonviolence .", "entity": [{"entity": "Southern Christian Leadership Conference", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 67]}, {"entity": "Congress of Racial Equality", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [70, 97]}, {"entity": "SNCC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [100, 104]}, {"entity": "NAACP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [115, 120]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "DSBs can be artificially induced using genome editing technologies such as CRISPR or TALEN .", "entity": [{"entity": "DSBs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [75, 81]}, {"entity": "TALEN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 90]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Beginning in 1882 , data for Mercury , Uranus , and Neptune was added to the first part , with eclipses , occultations , and other phenomena forming a separate third part .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mercury", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [29, 36]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [39, 45]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [52, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1966 Maiman received the American Physical Society ' s Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize and the Hertz Foundation Award for distinguished contribution in the field of science ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Maiman", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [8, 14]}, {"entity": "American Physical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 53]}, {"entity": "Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [58, 98]}, {"entity": "Hertz Foundation Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [107, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1968 and 1970 , Roger Penrose , Stephen Hawking , and George F. R. Ellis published papers where they showed that mathematical singularities were an inevitable initial condition of relativistic models of the Big Bang .", "entity": [{"entity": "Roger Penrose", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [19, 32]}, {"entity": "Stephen Hawking", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [35, 50]}, {"entity": "George F. R. Ellis", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [57, 75]}, {"entity": "Big Bang", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [210, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He received a Doctorate , honoris causa , from the University of Paris and honorary memberships in the Royal Society , Royal Society of Edinburgh , the Indian Academy of Sciences , the International Academy of Philosophy and Sciences , and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doctorate", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 23]}, {"entity": "honoris causa", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 39]}, {"entity": "University of Paris", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [51, 70]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 116]}, {"entity": "Royal Society of Edinburgh", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 145]}, {"entity": "Indian Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [152, 178]}, {"entity": "International Academy of Philosophy and Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [185, 233]}, {"entity": "Pontifical Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [244, 274]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "There are two voltage-gated calcium channels within cardiac muscle : L-type calcium channel s ( ' L ' for Long-lasting ) and T-type calcium channel s ( ' T ' for Transient , i.e. short ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "voltage-gated calcium channels", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 44]}, {"entity": "L-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [69, 91]}, {"entity": "T-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [125, 147]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1855 , he received the Copley Medal of the Royal Society for his ' very remarkable experimental researches ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [26, 38]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [46, 59]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In chemistry , Erwin Schrödinger , Linus Pauling , Robert S. Mulliken and others noted that the consequence of Heisenberg 's relation was that the electron , as a wave packet , could not be considered to have an exact location in its orbital .", "entity": [{"entity": "chemistry", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [3, 12]}, {"entity": "Erwin Schrödinger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 32]}, {"entity": "Linus Pauling", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [35, 48]}, {"entity": "Robert S. Mulliken", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [51, 69]}, {"entity": "Heisenberg 's relation", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [111, 133]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "After 3 years at King 's College London ( contemporary with Rosalind Franklin ) she moved to the University of Sheffield in 1955 as a demonstrator in the Biochemistry department ( now Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ) , obtaining an MRC grant to study the iron storage protein Ferritin , publishing preliminary X-ray diffraction data in the 1st volume of the Journal of Molecular Biology in 1959 .", "entity": [{"entity": "King 's College London", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [17, 39]}, {"entity": "Rosalind Franklin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [60, 77]}, {"entity": "University of Sheffield", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [97, 120]}, {"entity": "Biochemistry", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [154, 166]}, {"entity": "Molecular Biology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [184, 201]}, {"entity": "Biotechnology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [206, 219]}, {"entity": "MRC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [237, 240]}, {"entity": "Ferritin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [281, 289]}, {"entity": "X-ray", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [315, 320]}, {"entity": "Journal of Molecular Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [363, 391]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Several academic bodies exist to support behavior genetic research , including the Behavior Genetics Association , the International Society for Twin Studies , and the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "behavior genetic", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [41, 57]}, {"entity": "Behavior Genetics Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [83, 112]}, {"entity": "International Society for Twin Studies", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [119, 157]}, {"entity": "International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [168, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "García studied law , first at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru -although the official records of his tenure in this university were never found- and later earning a law degree from the National University of San Marcos in 1971 .", "entity": [{"entity": "García", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Pontifical Catholic University of Peru", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [34, 72]}, {"entity": "National University of San Marcos", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [195, 228]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The claims were initially submitted to the International Journal of Astrobiology , which rejected the paper , but were eventually published by the fringe Journal of Cosmology .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Journal of Astrobiology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [43, 80]}, {"entity": "Journal of Cosmology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [154, 174]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Another absolute instrumental approach was also possible with the development of light scattering theory by Einstein , Raman , Peter Debye , Bruno H. Zimm , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "light scattering theory", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [81, 104]}, {"entity": "Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [108, 116]}, {"entity": "Raman", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [119, 124]}, {"entity": "Peter Debye", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "Bruno H. Zimm", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [141, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "She discovered mutations in the genes encoding the Retinoic acid receptor , the active derivative of vitamin A , in liver cancer and some types of leukemia and dissected the molecular mechanisms underlying their role in oncogenesis and treatment sensitivity .", "entity": [{"entity": "Retinoic acid receptor", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 73]}, {"entity": "vitamin A", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [101, 110]}, {"entity": "liver cancer", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [116, 128]}, {"entity": "leukemia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 155]}, {"entity": "oncogenesis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [220, 231]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This was shown by Artur Avila and Svetlana Jitomirskaya solving the by-then famous ten martini problem with respect to the parameters ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Artur Avila", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [18, 29]}, {"entity": "Svetlana Jitomirskaya", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [34, 55]}, {"entity": "ten martini problem", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [83, 102]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Uranus and 4 Vesta had most probably been seen but could not be recognized as planets because they appear so faint even at maximum brightness ; Uranus ' magnitude varies from + 5.3supm / sup to + 5.9supm / sup , and Vesta 's from + 5.2supm / sup to + 8.5supm / sup ( so that it is only visible near its opposition dates ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [11, 18]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [144, 150]}, {"entity": "Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [216, 221]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "While he was there , he was among a group of physicists including Bruno Zumino , Harry Lehmann , Wolfhart Zimmermann , Kurt Symanzik , Gerhard Lüders , Reinhard Oehme , Vladimir Glaser , and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bruno Zumino", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [66, 78]}, {"entity": "Harry Lehmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [81, 94]}, {"entity": "Wolfhart Zimmermann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [97, 116]}, {"entity": "Kurt Symanzik", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [119, 132]}, {"entity": "Gerhard Lüders", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [135, 149]}, {"entity": "Reinhard Oehme", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [152, 166]}, {"entity": "Vladimir Glaser", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [169, 184]}, {"entity": "Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [191, 220]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He served on the editorial boards of several scientific journals , including NeuroImage , European Journal of Neuroscience , European Journal of Physiology , NeuroReport , Physiological Reviews , Journal of Motor Behavior , Perception , Cognition , Behavioural Brain Research , and Experimental Brain Research .", "entity": [{"entity": "NeuroImage", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [77, 87]}, {"entity": "European Journal of Neuroscience", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [90, 122]}, {"entity": "European Journal of Physiology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [125, 155]}, {"entity": "NeuroReport", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [158, 169]}, {"entity": "Physiological Reviews", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [172, 193]}, {"entity": "Journal of Motor Behavior", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [196, 221]}, {"entity": "Perception", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [224, 234]}, {"entity": "Cognition", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [237, 246]}, {"entity": "Behavioural Brain Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [249, 275]}, {"entity": "Experimental Brain Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [282, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Amdahl was named an IBM Fellow in 1965 , became a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1967 and was recognized as the Centennial Alumnus of South Dakota State University in 1986 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Amdahl", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "IBM Fellow", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [20, 30]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Engineering", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [64, 95]}, {"entity": "South Dakota State University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [152, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Additionally , Histone Deacetylase A6 and A19 activity contributes to silencing of Cytochrome P450 707A and activation of NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 4 , 9 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Histone Deacetylase A6", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [15, 37]}, {"entity": "A19", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [42, 45]}, {"entity": "Cytochrome P450 707A", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [83, 103]}, {"entity": "NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [122, 158]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Mikhail Lomonosov ( 1711-1765 ) had previously expressed similar ideas in 1748 and proved them in experiments ; others whose ideas pre-date the work of Lavoisier include Jean Rey ( 1583-1645 ) , Joseph Black ( 1728-1799 ) , and Henry Cavendish ( 1731-1810 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mikhail Lomonosov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 17]}, {"entity": "Lavoisier", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [152, 161]}, {"entity": "Jean Rey", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [170, 178]}, {"entity": "Joseph Black", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [195, 207]}, {"entity": "Henry Cavendish", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [228, 243]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Magnetogenetic techniques involve first fusing TRPV class receptors , which are selective calcium transporters , with a paramagnetic protein ( typically Ferritin ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Magnetogenetic techniques", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "TRPV class receptors", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [47, 67]}, {"entity": "calcium transporters", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 110]}, {"entity": "paramagnetic protein", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [120, 140]}, {"entity": "Ferritin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [153, 161]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The boy was sent to school at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand , part of the University of Paris , and it was decided that he would carry on the family martial tradition. The comte , the boy 's great-grandfather , enrolled the boy in a program to train future Musketeers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lycée Louis-le-Grand", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [34, 54]}, {"entity": "University of Paris", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [69, 88]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Mars has four known co-orbital asteroids ( 5261 Eureka , , all at the Lagrangian point s ) , and Jupiter has many ( an estimated one million greater than 1 km in diameter , the Jovian trojans ) ; there are also other small co-orbital moons in the Saturnian system : Telesto and Calypso with Tethys , and Helene and Polydeuces with Dione .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mars", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "5261 Eureka", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Lagrangian point", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [70, 86]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [97, 104]}, {"entity": "Jovian trojans", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [177, 191]}, {"entity": "Saturnian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [247, 256]}, {"entity": "Telesto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [266, 273]}, {"entity": "Calypso", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [278, 285]}, {"entity": "Tethys", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [291, 297]}, {"entity": "Helene", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [304, 310]}, {"entity": "Polydeuces", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [315, 325]}, {"entity": "Dione", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [331, 336]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "A key step in nitrification is the oxidation of ammonia to hydroxylamine ( NH2OH ) catalyzed by the enzyme Ammonia monooxygenase ( AMO ) .Arciero , D. ; Vannelli , T. ; Logan , M. ; Hopper , A. B.Degradation of trichloroethylene by the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea Biochem .", "entity": [{"entity": "nitrification", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 27]}, {"entity": "oxidation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [35, 44]}, {"entity": "ammonia", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [48, 55]}, {"entity": "hydroxylamine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [59, 72]}, {"entity": "NH2OH", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [75, 80]}, {"entity": "Ammonia monooxygenase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [107, 128]}, {"entity": "AMO", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [131, 134]}, {"entity": ".Arciero , D.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [137, 150]}, {"entity": "Vannelli , T.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [153, 166]}, {"entity": "Logan , M.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [169, 179]}, {"entity": "Hopper , A.", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [182, 193]}, {"entity": "trichloroethylene", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [211, 228]}, {"entity": "ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [236, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The transform provides an alternative approach to analytic wave front set s of distributions , developed independently by the Japanese mathematicians Mikio Sato , Masaki Kashiwara and Takahiro Kawai in their approach to microlocal analysis .", "entity": [{"entity": "wave front set", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [59, 73]}, {"entity": "Japanese", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 134]}, {"entity": "Mikio Sato", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [150, 160]}, {"entity": "Masaki Kashiwara", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [163, 179]}, {"entity": "Takahiro Kawai", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [184, 198]}, {"entity": "microlocal analysis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [220, 239]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This minor planet was named by Tadeusz Banachiewicz after Jan Śniadecki ( 1756-1830 ) , a Polish professor of mathematics and astronomy , who founded the Kraków Observatory ( ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "minor planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [5, 17]}, {"entity": "Tadeusz Banachiewicz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [31, 51]}, {"entity": "Jan Śniadecki", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [58, 71]}, {"entity": "Polish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [90, 96]}, {"entity": "mathematics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "astronomy", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [126, 135]}, {"entity": "Kraków Observatory", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [154, 172]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in March 1827 and was awarded their Royal Medal the same year .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [17, 44]}, {"entity": "Royal Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [81, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Fischer then attended the University of Bonn in 1871 , but switched to the University of Strasbourg in 1872 with his study of phthaleins , and was appointed to a position at the university .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fischer", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "University of Bonn", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [26, 44]}, {"entity": "University of Strasbourg", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [75, 99]}, {"entity": "phthaleins", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [126, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The hydroxyl radical can damage virtually all types of macromolecules : carbohydrates , nucleic acids ( mutation s ) , lipids ( lipid peroxidation ) , and amino acids ( e.g. conversion of Phenylalanine to m - Tyrosine and o - Tyrosine ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "hydroxyl radical", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [4, 20]}, {"entity": "carbohydrates", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [72, 85]}, {"entity": "nucleic acids", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [88, 101]}, {"entity": "lipids", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [119, 125]}, {"entity": "lipid peroxidation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [128, 146]}, {"entity": "amino acids", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [155, 166]}, {"entity": "Phenylalanine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [188, 201]}, {"entity": "m - Tyrosine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [205, 217]}, {"entity": "o - Tyrosine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [222, 234]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Notable companions from the earlier series included Romana ( Mary Tamm and Lalla Ward ) , a Time Lady ; Sarah Jane Smith ( Elisabeth Sladen ) ; and Jo Grant ( Katy Manning ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Romana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 58]}, {"entity": "Mary Tamm", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [61, 70]}, {"entity": "Lalla Ward", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [75, 85]}, {"entity": "Time Lady", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [92, 101]}, {"entity": "Sarah Jane Smith", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [104, 120]}, {"entity": "Elisabeth Sladen", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [123, 139]}, {"entity": "Jo Grant", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [148, 156]}, {"entity": "Katy Manning", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [159, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Pre-implantation in the uterine wall , rate of loss is undetectable as the Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone is not secreted until implantation .", "entity": [{"entity": "uterine wall", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 36]}, {"entity": "Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [75, 111]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The conclusion of the study would suggest that p53 inhibition might increase efficiency of human germline editing and that p53 function would need to be watched when developing CRISPR based therapy .", "entity": [{"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [47, 50]}, {"entity": "human germline editing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [91, 113]}, {"entity": "p53", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 126]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [177, 183]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The human and mouse genomes each contain about 30 ( evolutionarily highly conserved ) bHLH / PAS protein-coding genes ; this gene subfamily is a subset within the 110 members of the human Basic helix-loop-helix gene superfamily .", "entity": [{"entity": "bHLH / PAS", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "Basic helix-loop-helix", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [188, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "They also noticed the similarity between this test theory and Lorentz ether theory of Hendrik Lorentz , Joseph Larmor and Henri Poincaré .", "entity": [{"entity": "Lorentz ether theory", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [62, 82]}, {"entity": "Hendrik Lorentz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [86, 101]}, {"entity": "Joseph Larmor", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [104, 117]}, {"entity": "Henri Poincaré", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [122, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It was founded by William Bateson and Edith Rebecca Saunders in 1919 and celebrates its centenary year in 2019 .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Bateson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [18, 33]}, {"entity": "Edith Rebecca Saunders", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [38, 60]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "They include the first Albert Einstein Award ( 1951 ) , the U.S. National Medal of Science ( 1964 ) , honorary D.Sc. degrees from Purdue University ( 1961 ) and Harvard University ( 1962 ) , and the Nature of Light Award of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences ( 1949 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Einstein Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [23, 44]}, {"entity": "U.S. National Medal of Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [60, 90]}, {"entity": "Purdue University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [130, 147]}, {"entity": "Harvard University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [161, 179]}, {"entity": "Nature of Light Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [199, 220]}, {"entity": "U.S. National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [228, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Szilard initially attended Budapest University of Technology and Economics in Budapest , but his engineering studies were interrupted by service in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. He left Hungary for Germany in 1919 , enrolling at Technical University of Berlin , but became bored with engineering and transferred to Humboldt University of Berlin , where he studied physics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Szilard", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Budapest University of Technology and Economics", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [27, 74]}, {"entity": "Budapest", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 86]}, {"entity": "Austro-Hungarian Army", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [152, 173]}, {"entity": "World War I.", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [181, 193]}, {"entity": "Hungary", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [202, 209]}, {"entity": "Germany", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [214, 221]}, {"entity": "Technical University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [245, 275]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [331, 360]}, {"entity": "physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [380, 387]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Notable proponents of this approach include Arjun Appadurai , James Clifford , George E. Marcus , Sidney Mintz , Michael Taussig , Eric Wolf and Ronald Daus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Arjun Appadurai", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [44, 59]}, {"entity": "James Clifford", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [62, 76]}, {"entity": "George E. Marcus", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "Sidney Mintz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [98, 110]}, {"entity": "Michael Taussig", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "Eric Wolf", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [131, 140]}, {"entity": "Ronald Daus", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [145, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 2002 , it received nominations for Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television ( Black ) , Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television ( Anthony Simcoe as the Luxan warrior Ka D 'Argo ) , and Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television ( Gigi Edgley as the Nebari rogue Chiana ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [38, 81]}, {"entity": "Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [94, 146]}, {"entity": "Anthony Simcoe", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [149, 163]}, {"entity": "Ka D 'Argo", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [185, 195]}, {"entity": "Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [204, 258]}, {"entity": "Gigi Edgley", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [261, 272]}, {"entity": "Chiana", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [293, 299]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "to University of Göttingen in 1913 , to ETH Zurich in 1920 , to University of Leipzig in 1927 , and in 1934 to Humboldt University of Berlin , where , succeeding Einstein , he became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics ( now named the Max-Planck-Institut ) whose facilities were built only during Debye 's era .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [3, 26]}, {"entity": "ETH Zurich", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [40, 50]}, {"entity": "University of Leipzig", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [64, 85]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [111, 140]}, {"entity": "Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [199, 235]}, {"entity": "Max-Planck-Institut", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [252, 271]}, {"entity": "Debye", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [314, 319]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "She is an active voice in numerous committees of the National Academy of Sciences , the American Association for the Advancement of Science ( AAAS ) , and the National Science Foundation .", "entity": [{"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [53, 81]}, {"entity": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [88, 139]}, {"entity": "AAAS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [142, 146]}, {"entity": "National Science Foundation", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [159, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "East Malaysia currently has two public universities , namely Universiti Malaysia Sarawak ( UNIMAS ) and Universiti Malaysia Sabah ( UMS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "East Malaysia", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 13]}, {"entity": "Universiti Malaysia Sarawak", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [61, 88]}, {"entity": "UNIMAS", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [91, 97]}, {"entity": "Universiti Malaysia Sabah", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [104, 129]}, {"entity": "UMS", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [132, 135]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He became an expert on the electrical conductivity of gases , the properties of ion s , and the behavior of atmospheric electricity , publishing in journals including the Physical Review , Journal of Applied Physics , Journal of Chemical Physics , and the Journal of Atmospheric Electricity and Terrestrial Magnetism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Physical Review", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [171, 186]}, {"entity": "Journal of Applied Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [189, 215]}, {"entity": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [218, 245]}, {"entity": "Journal of Atmospheric Electricity and Terrestrial Magnetism", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [256, 316]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Interaction of PAMPs with PRPs ( pattern-recognition proteins ) activates a series of Serine protease and those proteolytically cleave the prophenoloxidase ( proPO ) zymogen and activate phenoxidase ( PO ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "PAMPs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [15, 20]}, {"entity": "PRPs", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 30]}, {"entity": "pattern-recognition proteins", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 61]}, {"entity": "Serine protease", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [86, 101]}, {"entity": "prophenoloxidase", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [139, 155]}, {"entity": "proPO", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [158, 163]}, {"entity": "zymogen", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [166, 173]}, {"entity": "phenoxidase", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [187, 198]}, {"entity": "PO", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [201, 203]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "His lab identified a set of transcription factor s that enabled activation of miR-430 and a large fraction of the genome after fertilization : maternal Nanog , Oct4 and SOX gene family .Nanog , Pou5f1 and SoxB1 activate zygotic gene expression during the maternal-to-zygotic transition .", "entity": [{"entity": "transcription factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [28, 48]}, {"entity": "miR-430", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "fertilization", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [127, 140]}, {"entity": "Nanog", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [152, 157]}, {"entity": "Oct4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [160, 164]}, {"entity": "SOX gene family .Nanog", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [169, 191]}, {"entity": "Pou5f1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [194, 200]}, {"entity": "SoxB1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [205, 210]}, {"entity": "zygotic gene", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [220, 232]}, {"entity": "maternal-to-zygotic transition", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [255, 285]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The purification of penicillin was achieved by Ernst Chain , Norman Heatley and Edward Abraham , with Chain and Abraham eventually developing a theoretical model for its chemical structure , which was later confirmed by Dorothy Hodgkin using X-ray crystallography .", "entity": [{"entity": "purification of penicillin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 30]}, {"entity": "Ernst Chain", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [47, 58]}, {"entity": "Norman Heatley", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [61, 75]}, {"entity": "Edward Abraham", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 94]}, {"entity": "Chain", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [102, 107]}, {"entity": "Abraham", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [112, 119]}, {"entity": "Dorothy Hodgkin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [220, 235]}, {"entity": "X-ray crystallography", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [242, 263]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Taurasi also received many personal accolades at UConn including the 2003 and 2004 Naismith College Player of the Year awards , the 2003 Wade Trophy , the 2003 and 2004 Honda Sports Award and the 2003 Associated Press Player of the Year award .", "entity": [{"entity": "Taurasi", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "UConn", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [49, 54]}, {"entity": "Naismith College Player of the Year awards", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [83, 125]}, {"entity": "Wade Trophy", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [137, 148]}, {"entity": "Honda Sports Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [169, 187]}, {"entity": "Associated Press Player of the Year award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [201, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On 15 June 1826 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society , and in 1830 was one of the founders of the Royal Geographical Society ( RGS ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [31, 58]}, {"entity": "Royal Geographical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [104, 130]}, {"entity": "RGS", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [133, 136]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The entire set is processed through cycles of : ( a ) hybridization at 60 ° C ; ( b ) elongation via Taq polymerase and a standard ligase ; and ( c ) denaturation at 95 ° C , forming progressively longer contiguous strands and ultimately resulting in the final genome .", "entity": [{"entity": "hybridization", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [54, 67]}, {"entity": "elongation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [86, 96]}, {"entity": "Taq polymerase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [101, 115]}, {"entity": "ligase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [131, 137]}, {"entity": "denaturation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [150, 162]}, {"entity": "genome", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [261, 267]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This includes Pluto , which is constrained in its orbit by the gravity of Neptune and shares its orbital neighbourhood with many Kuiper belt objects .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [14, 19]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [74, 81]}, {"entity": "Kuiper belt", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [129, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The importance of the predicted return based on the calculation by Encke was rewarded by the Royal Astronomical Society in London by presenting their Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society to him in 1824 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Encke", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [67, 72]}, {"entity": "Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [93, 119]}, {"entity": "London", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [123, 129]}, {"entity": "Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [150, 194]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "That work has led to identification and molecular cloning of the IκB kinase ( IKK ) complex , which has turned out to be one of the major activators of the inflammatory response and innate immunity .", "entity": [{"entity": "IκB kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [65, 75]}, {"entity": "IKK", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [78, 81]}, {"entity": "inflammatory response", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [156, 177]}, {"entity": "innate immunity", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [182, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Purity standards for reagents are set by organizations such as ASTM International or the American Chemical Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "ASTM International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 81]}, {"entity": "American Chemical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [89, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was later awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society and the Royal Medal of the Royal Society for this work .", "entity": [{"entity": "Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [25, 69]}, {"entity": "Royal Medal of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [78, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Early pioneers also include Alexey Grigorevich Ivakhnenko , Teuvo Kohonen , Stephen Grossberg , Kunihiko Fukushima , Christoph von der Malsburg , David Willshaw , Shun-Ichi Amari , Bernard Widrow , John Hopfield , Eduardo R. Caianiello , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Alexey Grigorevich Ivakhnenko", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [28, 57]}, {"entity": "Teuvo Kohonen", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "Stephen Grossberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [76, 93]}, {"entity": "Kunihiko Fukushima", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [96, 114]}, {"entity": "Christoph von der Malsburg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [117, 143]}, {"entity": "David Willshaw", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [146, 160]}, {"entity": "Shun-Ichi Amari", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [163, 178]}, {"entity": "Bernard Widrow", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [181, 195]}, {"entity": "John Hopfield", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [198, 211]}, {"entity": "Eduardo R. Caianiello", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [214, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The others : William Henry Bragg ( 1915 ) and William Lawrence Bragg ( 1915 ) ; J. J. Thomson ( 1906 ) and George Paget Thomson ( 1937 ) ; and Manne Siegbahn ( 1924 ) and Kai M. Siegbahn ( 1981 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Henry Bragg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [13, 32]}, {"entity": "William Lawrence Bragg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [46, 68]}, {"entity": "J. J. Thomson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "George Paget Thomson", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [107, 127]}, {"entity": "Manne Siegbahn", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [143, 157]}, {"entity": "Kai M. Siegbahn", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [171, 186]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On Broadway , the song was originally performed by Chita Rivera , with Candy Brown , Cheryl Clark , Graciela Daniele , Michon Peacock and Pamela Sousa .", "entity": [{"entity": "Broadway", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 11]}, {"entity": "Chita Rivera", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [51, 63]}, {"entity": "Candy Brown", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [71, 82]}, {"entity": "Cheryl Clark", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Graciela Daniele", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [100, 116]}, {"entity": "Michon Peacock", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [119, 133]}, {"entity": "Pamela Sousa", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [138, 150]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Sydney Goldstein , who also wrote the Royal Society memoir for Kármán , reviewed the autobiography Sydney Goldstein ( 1968 ) Journal of Fluid Mechanics 33 ( 2 ) and remembered an eminent engineer and scientist , warm-hearted and witty , much traveled , well-known by many , devoted to international collaboration , who , in his own words , as a scientist found the military ' the most comfortable group to deal with ' .", "entity": [{"entity": "Sydney Goldstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 16]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 51]}, {"entity": "Kármán", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [63, 69]}, {"entity": "Sydney Goldstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [99, 115]}, {"entity": "Journal of Fluid Mechanics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [125, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Epigenetic modifications to the genome , including Histone , DNA methylation , and the modulation of RNAi , are major epigenetic events used to modulate gene expression .", "entity": [{"entity": "Epigenetic modifications", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 24]}, {"entity": "Histone", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 58]}, {"entity": "DNA methylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 76]}, {"entity": "RNAi", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Among the honors he 's received are the Federation Aeronautique Internationale ' s De la Vaulx Medal in 1970 for his Apollo 9 flight , both of NASA 's Distinguished Service and Exceptional Service medals , and , unusual for an astronaut , an Emmy Award from the U.S. National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences for transmitting the first live TV pictures from space .", "entity": [{"entity": "Federation Aeronautique Internationale", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [40, 78]}, {"entity": "De la Vaulx Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [83, 100]}, {"entity": "Apollo 9 flight", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [117, 132]}, {"entity": "NASA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [143, 147]}, {"entity": "Distinguished Service", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [151, 172]}, {"entity": "Exceptional Service medals", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [177, 203]}, {"entity": "Emmy Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [242, 252]}, {"entity": "U.S.", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [262, 266]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [267, 315]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel in uranium , and subsequently observed by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie in thorium and in the new elements polonium and radium .", "entity": [{"entity": "Henri Becquerel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [40, 55]}, {"entity": "uranium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Marie Curie", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [98, 109]}, {"entity": "Pierre Curie", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [114, 126]}, {"entity": "thorium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [130, 137]}, {"entity": "polonium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [162, 170]}, {"entity": "radium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [175, 181]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Investigations conducted at the site by William Duncan Strong , Waldo Rudolph Wedel , and A. T. Hill were instrumental in the development of Great Plains archaeology , and of Pawnee archaeology in particular .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Duncan Strong", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [40, 61]}, {"entity": "Waldo Rudolph Wedel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [64, 83]}, {"entity": "A. T. Hill", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [90, 100]}, {"entity": "Great Plains archaeology", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [141, 165]}, {"entity": "Pawnee archaeology", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [175, 193]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In fact , when math E / math belongs to the spectrum , the inequality becomes an equality ( the Aubry-André formula ) , proved by Jean Bourgain and Svetlana Jitomirskaya .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aubry-André formula", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [96, 115]}, {"entity": "Jean Bourgain", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "Svetlana Jitomirskaya", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [148, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "There are four community colleges in the valley ; Los Angeles Valley College in Valley Glen , Los Angeles Mission College in Sylmar , Los Angeles Pierce College in Woodland Hills and Glendale Community College in the College Hills neighborhood of Glendale .", "entity": [{"entity": "Los Angeles Valley College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [50, 76]}, {"entity": "Valley Glen", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [80, 91]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Mission College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [94, 121]}, {"entity": "Sylmar", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "Los Angeles Pierce College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [134, 160]}, {"entity": "Woodland Hills", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [164, 178]}, {"entity": "Glendale Community College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [183, 209]}, {"entity": "College Hills neighborhood of Glendale", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [217, 255]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was elected President of the International Council for Science in 2008 , to start his term in 2011 .. International Council for Science .", "entity": [{"entity": "International Council for Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [32, 65]}, {"entity": "International Council for Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 138]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "To occur , this lobopodia-based fibroblast migration needs Nesprin , Integrin , RhoA , ROCK and myosin II .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nesprin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "Integrin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [69, 77]}, {"entity": "RhoA", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [80, 84]}, {"entity": "ROCK", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [87, 91]}, {"entity": "myosin II", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [96, 105]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Martin Karplus , Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems .", "entity": [{"entity": "Martin Karplus", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Michael Levitt", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Arieh Warshel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 49]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [68, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The group included the physicists Walther Bothe , Robert Döpel , Hans Geiger , Wolfgang Gentner , Wilhelm Hanle , Gerhard Hoffmann , and Joos .", "entity": [{"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Robert Döpel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [50, 62]}, {"entity": "Hans Geiger", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [65, 76]}, {"entity": "Wolfgang Gentner", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [79, 95]}, {"entity": "Wilhelm Hanle", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [98, 111]}, {"entity": "Gerhard Hoffmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [114, 130]}, {"entity": "Joos", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [137, 141]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1991 , he obtained a Doctor of Science degree in Physics and Mathematics from Moscow State University and moved to Tokyo ( Japan ) in 1993 to teach astronomy in Hitotsubashi University .", "entity": [{"entity": "Doctor of Science", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 41]}, {"entity": "Physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [52, 59]}, {"entity": "Mathematics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [64, 75]}, {"entity": "Moscow State University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [81, 104]}, {"entity": "Tokyo", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 123]}, {"entity": "Japan", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [126, 131]}, {"entity": "astronomy", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [151, 160]}, {"entity": "Hitotsubashi University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [164, 187]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "For his discovery of the neutron , Chadwick was awarded the Hughes Medal by the Royal Society in 1932 , the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 , the Copley Medal in 1950 and the Franklin Medal in 1951 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chadwick", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [35, 43]}, {"entity": "Hughes Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [60, 72]}, {"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [80, 93]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Physics", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [108, 130]}, {"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [145, 157]}, {"entity": "Franklin Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [174, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Wilson won gold medals in the 800 metres at both the 2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics and the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Wilson", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [53, 96]}, {"entity": "2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [105, 149]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On February 12 , 2005 , he was given a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award by The Recording Academy .", "entity": [{"entity": "Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [39, 72]}, {"entity": "The Recording Academy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [76, 97]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Chicago 's cultural heavyweights , such as the Art Institute of Chicago , the Goodman Theatre , the Chicago Theatre , the Lyric Opera at the Civic Opera House building , and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra , are also in this area , as is the historic Palmer House Hilton hotel , found on East Monroe Street .", "entity": [{"entity": "Chicago", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Art Institute of Chicago", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [47, 71]}, {"entity": "Goodman Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 93]}, {"entity": "Chicago Theatre", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [100, 115]}, {"entity": "Lyric Opera", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [122, 133]}, {"entity": "Civic Opera House", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [141, 158]}, {"entity": "Chicago Symphony Orchestra", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [178, 204]}, {"entity": "Palmer House Hilton hotel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [250, 275]}, {"entity": "East Monroe Street", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [287, 305]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "On 23 January 1960 , the Swiss-designed Trieste , originally built in Italy and acquired by the U.S. Navy , , supported by the USS Wandank ( ATF 204 ) and escorted by the USS Lewis ( DE 535 ) , descended to the ocean floor in the trench manned by Jacques Piccard ( who co-designed the submersible along with his father , Auguste Piccard ) and USN Lieutenant Don Walsh .", "entity": [{"entity": "Trieste", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [40, 47]}, {"entity": "Italy", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [70, 75]}, {"entity": "U.S. Navy", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [96, 105]}, {"entity": "USS Wandank", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [127, 138]}, {"entity": "ATF 204", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [141, 148]}, {"entity": "USS Lewis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [171, 180]}, {"entity": "Jacques Piccard", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [247, 262]}, {"entity": "Auguste Piccard", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [321, 336]}, {"entity": "Don Walsh", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [358, 367]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He has also received honorary doctorates from the universities of Newcastle , Surrey , Tel Aviv University , McGill , Simon Fraser University and the University of Tromsø .", "entity": [{"entity": "universities of Newcastle", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [50, 75]}, {"entity": "Surrey", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [78, 84]}, {"entity": "Tel Aviv University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [87, 106]}, {"entity": "McGill", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [109, 115]}, {"entity": "Simon Fraser University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [118, 141]}, {"entity": "University of Tromsø", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [150, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Some fifty papers published in books and journals such as Nature , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , Journal of Theoretical Biology , Journal of Zoology London , Journal of Animal Ecology , Animal Behaviour , and Proceedings of the Royal Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nature", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [58, 64]}, {"entity": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [67, 114]}, {"entity": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [117, 147]}, {"entity": "Journal of Zoology London", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [150, 175]}, {"entity": "Journal of Animal Ecology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [178, 203]}, {"entity": "Animal Behaviour", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [206, 222]}, {"entity": "Proceedings of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [229, 261]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "A conjunction of Venus and Jupiter occurred on 1 December 2008 , and several hours later both planets separately reached conjunction with the crescent Moon .", "entity": [{"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [17, 22]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [27, 34]}, {"entity": "Moon", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [151, 155]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Repeated cocaine administration in mice induces post-translational modifications including hyperacetylation of Histone H3 or Histone H4 at 1,696 genes in one brain reward region the nucleus accumbens and deacetylation at 206 genes .", "entity": [{"entity": "cocaine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [9, 16]}, {"entity": "post-translational modifications", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [48, 80]}, {"entity": "hyperacetylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [91, 107]}, {"entity": "Histone H3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [111, 121]}, {"entity": "Histone H4", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [125, 135]}, {"entity": "nucleus accumbens", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [182, 199]}, {"entity": "deacetylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [204, 217]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Others , such as Julian Steward and Leslie White , focused on how societies evolve and fit their ecological niche - an approach popularized by Marvin Harris .", "entity": [{"entity": "Julian Steward", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [17, 31]}, {"entity": "Leslie White", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 48]}, {"entity": "Marvin Harris", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [143, 156]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "San Juan de Dios Hospital , Philippine Children 's Medical Center , San Lazaro Hospital , Ospital ng Muntinlupa , Lung Center of the Philippines , the National Kidney and Transplant Institute , Manila Adventist Medical Center and Las Piñas Hospital also made steps to ban the toxic chemical .", "entity": [{"entity": "San Juan de Dios Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [0, 25]}, {"entity": "Philippine Children 's Medical Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [28, 65]}, {"entity": "San Lazaro Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 87]}, {"entity": "Ospital ng Muntinlupa", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [90, 111]}, {"entity": "Lung Center of the Philippines", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [114, 144]}, {"entity": "National Kidney and Transplant Institute", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [151, 191]}, {"entity": "Manila Adventist Medical Center", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [194, 225]}, {"entity": "Las Piñas Hospital", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [230, 248]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "A similar example is given by the Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ) , which , when acclimated to temperatures of 26 ° C , produced a significantly higher amount of taurine , Glutamic acid , Gamma-Aminobutyric acid and glycine compared to acclimation to 12 ° C. This may mean that the aforementioned compounds aid in antioxidant defense , osmoregulatory processes , or energetic purposes at these temperatures .", "entity": [{"entity": "Senegalese sole", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 49]}, {"entity": "Solea senegalensis", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [52, 70]}, {"entity": "taurine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [169, 176]}, {"entity": "Glutamic acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [179, 192]}, {"entity": "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [195, 218]}, {"entity": "glycine", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [223, 230]}, {"entity": "antioxidant defense", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [321, 340]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Richard Laurence Millington Synge Fellow of the Royal Society FRSE FRIC FRSC MRIA ( Liverpool , 28 October 1914 - Norwich , 18 August 1994 ) was a British biochemist , and shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography with Archer Martin .", "entity": [{"entity": "Richard Laurence Millington Synge", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 33]}, {"entity": "Fellow of the Royal Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [34, 61]}, {"entity": "FRSE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "FRIC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 71]}, {"entity": "FRSC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [72, 76]}, {"entity": "MRIA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "Liverpool", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [84, 93]}, {"entity": "Norwich", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [114, 121]}, {"entity": "British", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [147, 154]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [188, 212]}, {"entity": "partition chromatography", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [234, 258]}, {"entity": "Archer Martin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [264, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In December 2015 , the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) and International Union of Pure and Applied Physics ( IUPAP ) recognized the element 's discovery and assigned the priority of the discovery to the Dubna-Livermore collaboration ..", "entity": [{"entity": "Joint Working Party", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 42]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [78, 127]}, {"entity": "IUPAC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [130, 135]}, {"entity": "International Union of Pure and Applied Physics", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [142, 189]}, {"entity": "IUPAP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [192, 197]}, {"entity": "Dubna-Livermore", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [286, 301]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He then studied meteorology and geography in Humboldt University of Berlin , where he had as instructors Ferdinand von Richthofen and Wilhelm von Bezold .", "entity": [{"entity": "meteorology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [16, 27]}, {"entity": "geography", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [32, 41]}, {"entity": "Humboldt University of Berlin", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [45, 74]}, {"entity": "Ferdinand von Richthofen", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [105, 129]}, {"entity": "Wilhelm von Bezold", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [134, 152]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Minimum distances from the Earth , Venus , and Jupiter , are 0.5 , 0.8 , and 3.5 AU , respectively .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [27, 32]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [35, 40]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [47, 54]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Her published work includes biographies of Marie Curie , Alexander Graham Bell , Niels Bohr , Isaac Newton , Albert Einstein , Linus Pauling .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marie Curie", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [43, 54]}, {"entity": "Alexander Graham Bell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [57, 78]}, {"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [81, 91]}, {"entity": "Isaac Newton", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [94, 106]}, {"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [109, 124]}, {"entity": "Linus Pauling", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [127, 140]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Friedmann Peak , in the Darwin Mountains of Antarctica , where she co-discovered endolith ic microorganisms in the Beacon sandstone , is named after her .", "entity": [{"entity": "Friedmann Peak", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [0, 14]}, {"entity": "Darwin Mountains", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [24, 40]}, {"entity": "Antarctica", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Beacon sandstone", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 131]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Three of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zone s of their related star s : two of the three , Kepler-438b and Kepler-442b , are near-Earth-size and likely rocky ; the third , Kepler-440b , is a super-Earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "exoplanets", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [29, 39]}, {"entity": "habitable zone", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [67, 81]}, {"entity": "Kepler-438b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [129, 140]}, {"entity": "Kepler-442b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [145, 156]}, {"entity": "Kepler-440b", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [210, 221]}, {"entity": "super-Earth", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [229, 240]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In the middle of the century , the Boone and Crockett Club and the Safari Club International developed complex scoring systems based on various dimensions and the number of tines or points , and they keep extensive records of high-scoring antlers .", "entity": [{"entity": "Boone and Crockett Club", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [35, 58]}, {"entity": "Safari Club International", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [67, 92]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1958 , George Beadle and Edward Tatum received the Nobel Prize for work in fungi showing that one gene produces one enzyme .", "entity": [{"entity": "George Beadle", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [10, 23]}, {"entity": "Edward Tatum", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [28, 40]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [54, 65]}, {"entity": "one gene produces one enzyme", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [97, 125]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Oxidants are usually chemical substances with elements in high oxidation states , or else highly electronegative elements ( Osub2 / sub , Fluorine , Chlorine , Bromine ) that can gain extra electrons by oxidizing another substance .", "entity": [{"entity": "Oxidants", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Osub2 / sub", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [124, 135]}, {"entity": "Fluorine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [138, 146]}, {"entity": "Chlorine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "Bromine", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [160, 167]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "While there , Bugs meets Marvin the Martian who is trying to blow up Earth with the Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator ( in reality a stick of dynamite ; this is the same device he tried to use in his debut short Haredevil Hare , though that Space Modulator was Uranium rather than Illudium ) because it obstructs his view of Venus .", "entity": [{"entity": "Marvin the Martian", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [25, 43]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [69, 74]}, {"entity": "Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [84, 123]}, {"entity": "Haredevil Hare", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [218, 232]}, {"entity": "Space Modulator", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [247, 262]}, {"entity": "Uranium", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [267, 274]}, {"entity": "Venus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [331, 336]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Their engagement with specific ideas relating to feminism , technoscience , political consciousness , and other social issues , formed the images and narrative of Haraway 's book Modest _ Witness for which she received the Society for Social Studies of Science ' s ( 4S ) Ludwik Fleck Prize in 1999 .", "entity": [{"entity": "feminism", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [49, 57]}, {"entity": "technoscience", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [60, 73]}, {"entity": "political consciousness", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 99]}, {"entity": "Haraway", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [163, 170]}, {"entity": "Modest _ Witness", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [179, 195]}, {"entity": "Society for Social Studies of Science", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [223, 260]}, {"entity": "4S", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [267, 269]}, {"entity": "Ludwik Fleck Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [272, 290]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The next year , in 1995 , a film adaptation of the book , Apollo 13 , was released , directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks as Lovell , Bill Paxton as Haise , Kevin Bacon as Swigert , Gary Sinise as Mattingly , Ed Harris as Kranz , and Kathleen Quinlan as Marilyn Lovell .", "entity": [{"entity": "Apollo 13", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [58, 67]}, {"entity": "Ron Howard", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [97, 107]}, {"entity": "Tom Hanks", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [121, 130]}, {"entity": "Lovell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [134, 140]}, {"entity": "Bill Paxton", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [143, 154]}, {"entity": "Haise", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [158, 163]}, {"entity": "Kevin Bacon", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [166, 177]}, {"entity": "Swigert", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [181, 188]}, {"entity": "Gary Sinise", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 202]}, {"entity": "Mattingly", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [206, 215]}, {"entity": "Ed Harris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [218, 227]}, {"entity": "Kranz", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [231, 236]}, {"entity": "Kathleen Quinlan", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [243, 259]}, {"entity": "Marilyn Lovell", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [263, 277]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Only when a virulence factor is sensed , the Adenosine diphosphate is exchanged for Adenosine triphosphate .", "entity": [{"entity": "virulence factor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [12, 28]}, {"entity": "Adenosine diphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [45, 66]}, {"entity": "Adenosine triphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [84, 106]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The awards that Mayr received include the National Medal of Science , the Balzan Prize , the Sarton Medal of the History of Science Society , the International Prize for Biology , the Loye and Alden Miller Research Award , and the Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mayr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [16, 20]}, {"entity": "National Medal of Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [42, 67]}, {"entity": "Balzan Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [74, 86]}, {"entity": "Sarton Medal of the History of Science Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [93, 139]}, {"entity": "International Prize for Biology", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [146, 177]}, {"entity": "Loye and Alden Miller Research Award", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [184, 220]}, {"entity": "Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [231, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1893 he received the Royal Society ' s Copley Medal , then the most prestigious scientific prize in the world , for his researches and discoveries in physical science .", "entity": [{"entity": "Royal Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [24, 37]}, {"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [42, 54]}, {"entity": "physical science", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [153, 169]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Santos 's scientific work has appeared in journals such as Psychological Science , Animal Cognition , Developmental Science , Current Biology , Animal Behavior , and Cognition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Santos", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "Psychological Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [59, 80]}, {"entity": "Animal Cognition", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [83, 99]}, {"entity": "Developmental Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [102, 123]}, {"entity": "Current Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [126, 141]}, {"entity": "Animal Behavior , and Cognition", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [144, 175]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The resultant increase in Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor expression could lead to a decrease in the body 's ability to break down carcinogens , increasing the risk of cancer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [26, 61]}, {"entity": "carcinogens", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [135, 146]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "His father encouraged him to apply to United States Military Academy , but he decided to enroll in the United States Naval Academy instead .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Military Academy", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [38, 68]}, {"entity": "United States Naval Academy", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [103, 130]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This would be achieved using biotechnology methods to confer to them the capacity to alter nucleotides in the chromosomes of infected individuals through sequence-specific editing systems like CRISPR , ZFN or TALEN .", "entity": [{"entity": "biotechnology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [29, 42]}, {"entity": "nucleotides", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [91, 102]}, {"entity": "chromosomes", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [110, 121]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [193, 199]}, {"entity": "ZFN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [202, 205]}, {"entity": "TALEN", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [209, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Toutatis is also a Mars-crosser asteroid with a chaotic orbit produced by a 3 : 1 resonance with the planet Jupiter , a 1 : 4 resonance with the planet Earth , and frequent close approaches to the terrestrial planet s , including Earth .", "entity": [{"entity": "Toutatis", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Mars-crosser asteroid", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [19, 40]}, {"entity": "Jupiter", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [108, 115]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [152, 157]}, {"entity": "terrestrial planet", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [197, 215]}, {"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [230, 235]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It was discovered on 22 February 1938 , by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland , and later named for Johannes Gabriel Granö , rector of the University of Turku .", "entity": [{"entity": "Finnish", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [43, 50]}, {"entity": "Yrjö Väisälä", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [62, 74]}, {"entity": "Turku Observatory", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [78, 95]}, {"entity": "Southwest Finland", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [99, 116]}, {"entity": "Johannes Gabriel Granö", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [139, 161]}, {"entity": "University of Turku", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [178, 197]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Her research group demonstrated that one such small protein , AcrZ , binds to the multidrug efflux pump protein Acriflavine resistance protein family to affect its ability to export certain classes of antibiotics .", "entity": [{"entity": "AcrZ", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 66]}, {"entity": "Acriflavine resistance protein family", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [112, 149]}, {"entity": "antibiotics", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [201, 212]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Starling 's successor , Archibald Hill , fostered the career of Bernard Katz , whose long association with UCL began in 1935 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Starling", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Archibald Hill", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [24, 38]}, {"entity": "Bernard Katz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [64, 76]}, {"entity": "UCL", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [107, 110]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It was discovered on 19 September 1973 , by Dutch astronomers Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden , on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California , United States .", "entity": [{"entity": "Dutch", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [44, 49]}, {"entity": "Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [62, 90]}, {"entity": "Cornelis van Houten", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [95, 114]}, {"entity": "Leiden", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [118, 124]}, {"entity": "Tom Gehrels", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [159, 170]}, {"entity": "Palomar Observatory", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [178, 197]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [201, 211]}, {"entity": "United States", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [214, 227]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Though Mendeleev was widely honored by scientific organizations all over Europe , including ( in 1882 ) the Davy Medal from the Royal Society of London ( which later also awarded him the Copley Medal in 1905 ) ,", "entity": [{"entity": "Mendeleev", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [7, 16]}, {"entity": "Europe", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [73, 79]}, {"entity": "Davy Medal from the Royal Society of London", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [108, 151]}, {"entity": "Copley Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [187, 199]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Ras stimulates Mitogen-activated protein kinase to phosphorylate ERK 1 / 2 which induce outgrowth of neurite s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ras", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [0, 3]}, {"entity": "Mitogen-activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [15, 47]}, {"entity": "phosphorylate ERK 1 / 2", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [51, 74]}, {"entity": "neurite", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 108]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The results of his preliminary investigations were published in the journal Physikalische Zeitschrift in 1916 ( a full paper was later published in Zeitschrift für Physik in 1922 ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Physikalische Zeitschrift", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [76, 101]}, {"entity": "Zeitschrift für Physik", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [148, 170]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Hund worked at the Universities of University of Rostock , Leipzig , University of Jena , Frankfurt am Main , and University of Göttingen .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hund", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "University of Rostock", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [35, 56]}, {"entity": "Leipzig", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [59, 66]}, {"entity": "University of Jena", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [69, 87]}, {"entity": "Frankfurt am Main", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [90, 107]}, {"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [114, 137]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was awarded the William Bowie Medal by the American Geophysical Union , the Alexander Agassiz Medal of the National Academy of Sciences , the Medal of the Royal Geographical Society , the Vega Medal by the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography and the Sweden Order of the Polar Star .", "entity": [{"entity": "William Bowie Medal by the American Geophysical Union", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [19, 72]}, {"entity": "Alexander Agassiz Medal of the National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [79, 138]}, {"entity": "Medal of the Royal Geographical Society", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [145, 184]}, {"entity": "Vega Medal by the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [191, 255]}, {"entity": "Sweden Order of the Polar Star", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [264, 294]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "For example , calcium antagonist s , which are used to treat coronary heart disease , hypertension , and cardiac arrhythmia , act by inhibiting L-type calcium channel or T-type calcium channel calcium channels .", "entity": [{"entity": "calcium antagonist", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [14, 32]}, {"entity": "coronary heart disease", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [61, 83]}, {"entity": "hypertension", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [86, 98]}, {"entity": "cardiac arrhythmia", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [105, 123]}, {"entity": "L-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [144, 166]}, {"entity": "T-type calcium channel", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [170, 192]}, {"entity": "calcium", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [193, 200]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The report on the B 8 experiment was written by Fritz Bopp , Erich Fischer , Werner Heisenberg , and Karl Wirtz from the KWIP and Walther Bothe , Peter Jensen , and Oskar Ritter from the KWImF.Hentschel and Hentschel , 1996 , 377 and 377n73 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Fritz Bopp", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [48, 58]}, {"entity": "Erich Fischer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [61, 74]}, {"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 94]}, {"entity": "Karl Wirtz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [101, 111]}, {"entity": "KWIP", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [121, 125]}, {"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [130, 143]}, {"entity": "Peter Jensen", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [146, 158]}, {"entity": "Oskar Ritter", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [165, 177]}, {"entity": "KWImF.Hentschel", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [187, 202]}, {"entity": "Hentschel", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [207, 216]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In the 1960s , Ehlers collaborated with Felix Pirani and Alfred Schild on a constructive-axiomatic approach to general relativity : a way of deriving the theory from a minimal set of elementary objects and a set of axioms specifying these objects ' properties .", "entity": [{"entity": "Ehlers", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 21]}, {"entity": "Felix Pirani", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [40, 52]}, {"entity": "Alfred Schild", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [57, 70]}, {"entity": "general relativity", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [111, 129]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Loss of function MLH1 , MSH2 , MSH6 or PMS2 genes cause defective DNA mismatch repair .", "entity": [{"entity": "MLH1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [17, 21]}, {"entity": "MSH2", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [24, 28]}, {"entity": "MSH6", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [31, 35]}, {"entity": "PMS2", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [39, 43]}, {"entity": "DNA mismatch repair", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [66, 85]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 2011 , the chairman and ranking member of the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services called for an alternative plan where Futenma aircraft would move to Kadena Air Base while the current aircraft at Kadena would move to Andersen Air Force Base .", "entity": [{"entity": "United States Senate Committee on Armed Services", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [49, 97]}, {"entity": "Futenma", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [135, 142]}, {"entity": "Kadena Air Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [166, 181]}, {"entity": "Kadena", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [212, 218]}, {"entity": "Andersen Air Force Base", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [233, 256]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Other members of the Nuclear Physics Working Group in both 1956 and 1957 were : Werner Heisenberg ( chairman ) , Hans Kopfermann ( vice-chairman ) , Fritz Bopp , Walther Bothe , Otto Haxel , Willibald Jentschke , Heinz Maier-Leibnitz , Josef Mattauch , Wolfgang Riezler , Wilhelm Walcher , and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nuclear Physics Working Group", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [21, 50]}, {"entity": "Werner Heisenberg", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 97]}, {"entity": "Hans Kopfermann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [113, 128]}, {"entity": "Fritz Bopp", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "Walther Bothe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [162, 175]}, {"entity": "Otto Haxel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [178, 188]}, {"entity": "Willibald Jentschke", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [191, 210]}, {"entity": "Heinz Maier-Leibnitz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [213, 233]}, {"entity": "Josef Mattauch", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [236, 250]}, {"entity": "Wolfgang Riezler", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [253, 269]}, {"entity": "Wilhelm Walcher", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [272, 287]}, {"entity": "Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [294, 323]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "There , he worked with scientists including Luis Walter Alvarez , John von Neumann and George Kistiakowsky on the development of the high explosives and exploding-bridgewire detonator s required by atomic bomb s .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luis Walter Alvarez", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [44, 63]}, {"entity": "John von Neumann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [66, 82]}, {"entity": "George Kistiakowsky", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [87, 106]}, {"entity": "atomic bomb", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [198, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He has collaborated with , among others , Luciano Pietronero , Benoit Mandelbrot , Betz Halloran , Ira Longini , and David Lazer .", "entity": [{"entity": "Luciano Pietronero", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [42, 60]}, {"entity": "Benoit Mandelbrot", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [63, 80]}, {"entity": "Betz Halloran", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [83, 96]}, {"entity": "Ira Longini", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [99, 110]}, {"entity": "David Lazer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [117, 128]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Several DNA markers , belonging to the nuclear , mitochondrial , and chloroplast genomes ( RuBisCO , COI , ITS + 5.8S , SSU , 18S ... ) , have been designed and successfully used for diatoms identification with NGS .", "entity": [{"entity": "DNA", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [8, 11]}, {"entity": "RuBisCO", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [91, 98]}, {"entity": "COI", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 104]}, {"entity": "ITS", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [107, 110]}, {"entity": "5.8S", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [113, 117]}, {"entity": "SSU", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [120, 123]}, {"entity": "18S", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [126, 129]}, {"entity": "NGS", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [211, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 was divided , one half jointly to Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) and the other half to Jens C. Skou for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme , Na + , K + -ATPase .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [4, 28]}, {"entity": "Paul D. Boyer", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [68, 81]}, {"entity": "John E. Walker", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [86, 100]}, {"entity": "adenosine triphosphate", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [178, 200]}, {"entity": "ATP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [203, 206]}, {"entity": "Jens C. Skou", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [231, 243]}, {"entity": "ion-transporting enzyme", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [274, 297]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The 2013 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the organization because it had , with the Chemical Weapons Convention , defined the use of chemical weapons as a taboo under international law according to Thorbjørn Jagland , Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee .", "entity": [{"entity": "2013 Nobel Peace Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [4, 26]}, {"entity": "Chemical Weapons Convention", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 112]}, {"entity": "Thorbjørn Jagland", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [199, 216]}, {"entity": "Norwegian Nobel Committee", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [235, 260]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "More recently , ecoimmunology has been the theme of three special issues in peer-reviewed journals , in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , in Functional Ecology , and in Physiological and Biochemical Zoology ( see External links ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [104, 153]}, {"entity": "Functional Ecology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [159, 177]}, {"entity": "Physiological and Biochemical Zoology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [187, 224]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Some notable examples include Journal of Computational Biology and PLOS Computational Biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Journal of Computational Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [30, 62]}, {"entity": "PLOS Computational Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [67, 93]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Nectin s are a distinct family of cell adhesion molecules .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nectin", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 6]}, {"entity": "cell adhesion molecules", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [34, 57]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was a journal reviewer for Cell , Science , Nature , Nature Genetics , Nature Immunology , Nature Biotechnology , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , Public Library of Science , Development , Genes Development , Journal of Clinical Investigation and Blood .", "entity": [{"entity": "Cell", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [30, 34]}, {"entity": "Science", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [37, 44]}, {"entity": "Nature", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [47, 53]}, {"entity": "Nature Genetics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [56, 71]}, {"entity": "Nature Immunology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [74, 91]}, {"entity": "Nature Biotechnology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [94, 114]}, {"entity": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [117, 164]}, {"entity": "Public Library of Science , Development", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [167, 206]}, {"entity": "Genes Development", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [209, 226]}, {"entity": "Journal of Clinical Investigation", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [229, 262]}, {"entity": "Blood", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [267, 272]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Following their charting of the JNK signaling pathway , Karin and coworkers have begun to study the role of protein phosphorylation in control of NF-κB activity .", "entity": [{"entity": "JNK signaling pathway", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [32, 53]}, {"entity": "Karin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [56, 61]}, {"entity": "protein phosphorylation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [108, 131]}, {"entity": "NF-κB", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [146, 151]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Two American explorers claimed to reach the North Pole ; Frederick Cook in 1908 and Robert Peary in 1909 .", "entity": [{"entity": "American", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 12]}, {"entity": "North Pole", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [44, 54]}, {"entity": "Frederick Cook", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [57, 71]}, {"entity": "Robert Peary", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [84, 96]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "A number of Pluto -as-planet proponents , in particular Alan Stern , head of NASA 's New Horizons mission to Pluto , have circulated a petition among astronomers to alter the definition .", "entity": [{"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [12, 17]}, {"entity": "Alan Stern", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [56, 66]}, {"entity": "NASA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 81]}, {"entity": "New Horizons", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [85, 97]}, {"entity": "Pluto", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [109, 114]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1972 , LaHaye helped establish the Institute for Creation Research at San Diego Christian College in El Cajon , California , along with Henry M. Morris .", "entity": [{"entity": "LaHaye", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [10, 16]}, {"entity": "Institute for Creation Research", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [38, 69]}, {"entity": "San Diego Christian College", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [73, 100]}, {"entity": "El Cajon", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [104, 112]}, {"entity": "California", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [115, 125]}, {"entity": "Henry M. Morris", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [139, 154]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Derek Abbott , Paul C.W. Davies , and Arun K. Pati , Quantum Aspects of Life , Imperial College Press , 2008 , p .", "entity": [{"entity": "Derek Abbott", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 12]}, {"entity": "Paul C.W. Davies", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [15, 31]}, {"entity": "Arun K. Pati", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [38, 50]}, {"entity": "Quantum Aspects of Life", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [53, 76]}, {"entity": "Imperial College Press", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 101]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The Hearthstone tournament at the 2018 Asian Games was an eSports demonstration event that was contested on 31 August 2018 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hearthstone", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [4, 15]}, {"entity": "2018 Asian Games", "entity_type": "event", "pos": [34, 50]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "In 1897 he got his Habilitation at the University of Göttingen in theoretical physics and in 1902 became extraordinary professor for theoretical physics at the University of Greifswald .", "entity": [{"entity": "University of Göttingen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [39, 62]}, {"entity": "theoretical physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [66, 85]}, {"entity": "theoretical physics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [133, 152]}, {"entity": "University of Greifswald", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [160, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Mary Baker Eddy made the Boston Mother Church of Christian Science the world headquarters .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mary Baker Eddy", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [0, 15]}, {"entity": "Boston Mother Church of Christian Science", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [25, 66]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The first molecular condensates were created in November 2003 by the groups of Rudolf Grimm at the University of Innsbruck , Deborah S. Jin at the University of Colorado at Boulder and Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT .", "entity": [{"entity": "Rudolf Grimm", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [79, 91]}, {"entity": "University of Innsbruck", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [99, 122]}, {"entity": "Deborah S. Jin", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [125, 139]}, {"entity": "University of Colorado at Boulder", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [147, 180]}, {"entity": "Wolfgang Ketterle", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [185, 202]}, {"entity": "MIT", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [206, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "cAMP also , activates a protein called protein kinase A ( Protein kinase A ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "cAMP", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [0, 4]}, {"entity": "protein kinase A", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [39, 55]}, {"entity": "Protein kinase A", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [58, 74]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "She is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , American Chemical Society and SPIE and serves on the advisory board for ACS Nano , Advanced Functional Materials , Advanced Energy Materials , Chemical Communications , Chemistry of Materials , Materials Today , Nanoscale , and NPG Asia Materials and the board of directors for the Materials Research Society and the Polymers Materials Science and Engineering division of the American Chemical Society .", "entity": [{"entity": "fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [9, 74]}, {"entity": "American Chemical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [77, 102]}, {"entity": "SPIE", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [107, 111]}, {"entity": "ACS Nano", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [149, 157]}, {"entity": "Advanced Functional Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [160, 189]}, {"entity": "Advanced Energy Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [192, 217]}, {"entity": "Chemical Communications", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [220, 243]}, {"entity": "Chemistry of Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [246, 268]}, {"entity": "Materials Today", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [271, 286]}, {"entity": "Nanoscale", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [289, 298]}, {"entity": "NPG Asia Materials", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [305, 323]}, {"entity": "Materials Research Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [359, 385]}, {"entity": "Polymers Materials Science and Engineering division of the American Chemical Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [394, 478]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "By the mid 19th century , Edward Frankland , August Kekulé , A.S. Couper , Alexander Butlerov , and Hermann Kolbe , building on the theory of radicals , developed the theory of valency , originally called combining power , in which compounds were joined owing to an attraction of positive and negative poles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Edward Frankland", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [26, 42]}, {"entity": "August Kekulé", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [45, 58]}, {"entity": "A.S. Couper", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [61, 72]}, {"entity": "Alexander Butlerov", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [75, 93]}, {"entity": "Hermann Kolbe", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [100, 113]}, {"entity": "theory of radicals", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [132, 150]}, {"entity": "theory of valency", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [167, 184]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "This interaction stabilizes both TOC1 and PRR5 and prevents their degradation by the F-box protein ZEITLUPE ( ZTL ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "TOC1", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [33, 37]}, {"entity": "PRR5", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [42, 46]}, {"entity": "F-box protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [85, 98]}, {"entity": "ZEITLUPE", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [99, 107]}, {"entity": "ZTL", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 113]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The strong lensing was predicted by Albert Einstein ' s general theory of relativity and observationally discovered by Dennis Walsh , Bob Carswell , and Ray Weymann in 1979 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "general theory of relativity", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [56, 84]}, {"entity": "Dennis Walsh", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [119, 131]}, {"entity": "Bob Carswell", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "Ray Weymann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [153, 164]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The AAA publishes more than 20 section publications including American Anthropologist , American Ethnologist , Cultural Anthropology , Anthropology & amp ; Education Quarterly and Medical Anthropology Quarterly .", "entity": [{"entity": "AAA", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [4, 7]}, {"entity": "American Anthropologist", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [62, 85]}, {"entity": "American Ethnologist", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [88, 108]}, {"entity": "Cultural Anthropology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [111, 132]}, {"entity": "Anthropology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [135, 147]}, {"entity": "Education Quarterly", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [156, 175]}, {"entity": "Medical Anthropology Quarterly", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [180, 210]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "It is one of the five Nobel Prize s established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901 ; the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry , Nobel Prize in Literature , Nobel Peace Prize , and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine .", "entity": [{"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [22, 33]}, {"entity": "Alfred Nobel", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [63, 75]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Chemistry", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [130, 154]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [157, 182]}, {"entity": "Nobel Peace Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [185, 202]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [209, 246]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Bateman served as Executive Editor of the journal Bioinformatics from 2004 to 2012 and has also served as Editor of Nucleic Acids Research , Genome Biology and Current Protocols in Bioinformatics .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bateman", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 7]}, {"entity": "Bioinformatics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [50, 64]}, {"entity": "Nucleic Acids Research", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [116, 138]}, {"entity": "Genome Biology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [141, 155]}, {"entity": "Current Protocols in Bioinformatics", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [160, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The book on the 1902-1903 expedition contains chapters on magnetic storms on the Earth and their relationship to the Sun , the origin of the Sun itself , Halley 's comet , and the rings of Saturn .", "entity": [{"entity": "Earth", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [81, 86]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [117, 120]}, {"entity": "Sun", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [141, 144]}, {"entity": "Halley 's comet", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [154, 169]}, {"entity": "Saturn", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [189, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Phosphoinositide signaling is also altered , with elevated levels of phospholipase C , protein kinase C , and Gq alpha subunit being reported in bipolar .", "entity": [{"entity": "Phosphoinositide signaling", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [0, 26]}, {"entity": "phospholipase C", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [69, 84]}, {"entity": "protein kinase C", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [87, 103]}, {"entity": "Gq alpha subunit", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [110, 126]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The journal has been cited most often by the following journals Journal of Clinical Pathology , Histopathology , Archives of Pathology ; Laboratory Medicine , Human Pathology , and the World Journal of Gastroenterology .", "entity": [{"entity": "Journal of Clinical Pathology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [64, 93]}, {"entity": "Histopathology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [96, 110]}, {"entity": "Archives of Pathology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [113, 134]}, {"entity": "Laboratory Medicine", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [137, 156]}, {"entity": "Human Pathology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [159, 174]}, {"entity": "World Journal of Gastroenterology", "entity_type": "academic journal", "pos": [185, 218]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "After important contributions of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré , in 1905 , Albert Einstein solved the problem with the introduction of special relativity , which replaced classical kinematics with a new theory of kinematics compatible with classical electromagnetism .", "entity": [{"entity": "Hendrik Lorentz", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [33, 48]}, {"entity": "Henri Poincaré", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [53, 67]}, {"entity": "Albert Einstein", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [80, 95]}, {"entity": "special relativity", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [140, 158]}, {"entity": "classical kinematics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [176, 196]}, {"entity": "kinematics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [218, 228]}, {"entity": "classical electromagnetism", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [245, 271]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "From 1917 , he worked a few years with Niels Bohr in the University of Copenhagen and received his doctoral degree at the University College of Stockholm ( now Stockholm University ) in 1921 .", "entity": [{"entity": "Niels Bohr", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [39, 49]}, {"entity": "University of Copenhagen", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [57, 81]}, {"entity": "University College of Stockholm", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [122, 153]}, {"entity": "Stockholm University", "entity_type": "university", "pos": [160, 180]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The film 's score was composed by Harald Kloser and Thomas Wander .", "entity": [{"entity": "Harald Kloser", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [34, 47]}, {"entity": "Thomas Wander", "entity_type": "person", "pos": [52, 65]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Type II supernovae mainly synthesize oxygen and the alpha-elements ( Ne , Mg , Si , S , Ar , Ca and Ti ) while Type Ia supernova e mainly produce elements of the iron peak ( Ti , V , Cr , Manganese , Fe , Cobalt and Nickel ) but also alpha-elements .", "entity": [{"entity": "Type II supernovae", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [0, 18]}, {"entity": "oxygen", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [37, 43]}, {"entity": "Ne", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [69, 71]}, {"entity": "Mg", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [74, 76]}, {"entity": "Si", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [79, 81]}, {"entity": "S", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [84, 85]}, {"entity": "Ar", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [88, 90]}, {"entity": "Ca", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [93, 95]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [100, 102]}, {"entity": "Type Ia supernova", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [111, 128]}, {"entity": "iron peak", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [162, 171]}, {"entity": "Ti", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [174, 176]}, {"entity": "V", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [179, 180]}, {"entity": "Cr", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [183, 185]}, {"entity": "Manganese", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [188, 197]}, {"entity": "Fe", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [200, 202]}, {"entity": "Cobalt", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [205, 211]}, {"entity": "Nickel", "entity_type": "chemical element", "pos": [216, 222]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "More recently , some of the top awards for geophysicists are the Vetlesen Prize ( intended to be the equivalent of a Nobel Prize for geology or geophysics ) ; the William Bowie Medal ( the top award of the American Geophysical Union ) ; and the Crafoord Prize for geosciences .", "entity": [{"entity": "Vetlesen Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [65, 79]}, {"entity": "Nobel Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [117, 128]}, {"entity": "geology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [133, 140]}, {"entity": "geophysics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "William Bowie Medal", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [163, 182]}, {"entity": "American Geophysical Union", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [206, 232]}, {"entity": "Crafoord Prize", "entity_type": "award", "pos": [245, 259]}, {"entity": "geosciences", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [264, 275]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "An E3 uibiquitin ligase complex composed of Cullin ( CUL3 ) , speckle-type POZ protein ( SPOP ) , and RING-box protein 1 ( RBX1 ) has been shown to mark the Bmi-1 with ubiquitin ( a process known as ubiquitin ation ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "E3 uibiquitin ligase complex", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [3, 31]}, {"entity": "Cullin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [44, 50]}, {"entity": "CUL3", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [53, 57]}, {"entity": "speckle-type POZ protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [62, 86]}, {"entity": "SPOP", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [89, 93]}, {"entity": "RING-box protein", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [102, 118]}, {"entity": "RBX1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [123, 127]}, {"entity": "Bmi-1", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [157, 162]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin", "entity_type": "protein", "pos": [168, 177]}, {"entity": "ubiquitin ation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [199, 214]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He then stated that , based on his data on various comet s , the size of the Solar system can be 100 AU or even more , and that it could be other planet s there that perturb the orbit of Uranus ( although the position of the eventual Neptune was not calculated until much later by Urbain Le Verrier ) .", "entity": [{"entity": "Solar system", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "Uranus", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [187, 193]}, {"entity": "Neptune", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [234, 241]}, {"entity": "Urbain Le Verrier", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [281, 298]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "At Institute G were Heinz Barwich , Werner Hartmann , and Justus Mühlenpfordt .", "entity": [{"entity": "Institute G", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [3, 14]}, {"entity": "Heinz Barwich", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [20, 33]}, {"entity": "Werner Hartmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [36, 51]}, {"entity": "Justus Mühlenpfordt", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [58, 77]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He was a member of the Experimental Aircraft Association , the Space Pioneers , the Confederate Air Force , the Order of Daedalians , the National Rifle Association of America , the Veterans of Foreign Wars , and the Fraternal Order of Eagles .", "entity": [{"entity": "Experimental Aircraft Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [23, 56]}, {"entity": "Space Pioneers", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [63, 77]}, {"entity": "Confederate Air Force", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [84, 105]}, {"entity": "Order of Daedalians", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [112, 131]}, {"entity": "National Rifle Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [138, 164]}, {"entity": "America", "entity_type": "country", "pos": [168, 175]}, {"entity": "Veterans of Foreign Wars", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [182, 206]}, {"entity": "Fraternal Order of Eagles", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [217, 242]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Overall Bamberga is the tenth-brightest main-belt asteroid after , in order , 4 Vesta , 2 Pallas , Ceres , 7 Iris , 6 Hebe , 3 Juno , 18 Melpomene , 15 Eunomia and 8 Flora .", "entity": [{"entity": "Bamberga", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [8, 16]}, {"entity": "4 Vesta", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [78, 85]}, {"entity": "2 Pallas", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [88, 96]}, {"entity": "Ceres", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [99, 104]}, {"entity": "7 Iris", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [107, 113]}, {"entity": "6 Hebe", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [116, 122]}, {"entity": "3 Juno", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [125, 131]}, {"entity": "18 Melpomene", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [134, 146]}, {"entity": "15 Eunomia", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [149, 159]}, {"entity": "8 Flora", "entity_type": "astronomical object", "pos": [164, 171]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The staff also produce articles on human and animal genetics topics such as gene splicing , CRISPR , government regulation , bioethics , use of stem cells , transhumanism , nanotechnology and synthetic biology .", "entity": [{"entity": "genetics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [52, 60]}, {"entity": "gene splicing", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [76, 89]}, {"entity": "CRISPR", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [92, 98]}, {"entity": "government regulation", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [101, 122]}, {"entity": "bioethics", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [125, 134]}, {"entity": "stem cells", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [144, 154]}, {"entity": "transhumanism", "entity_type": "theory", "pos": [157, 170]}, {"entity": "nanotechnology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [173, 187]}, {"entity": "synthetic biology", "entity_type": "discipline", "pos": [192, 209]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "He has won awards from the American Psychological Association , the National Academy of Sciences , the Royal Institution , the Cognitive Neuroscience Society and the American Humanist Association .", "entity": [{"entity": "American Psychological Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [27, 61]}, {"entity": "National Academy of Sciences", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [68, 96]}, {"entity": "Royal Institution", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [103, 120]}, {"entity": "Cognitive Neuroscience Society", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [127, 157]}, {"entity": "American Humanist Association", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [166, 195]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Current research in the Liang Tong 's lab focuses on enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism , including Acetyl-CoA carboxylase , carnitine acyltransferase , AMP-activated protein kinase , and others .", "entity": [{"entity": "Liang Tong", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [24, 34]}, {"entity": "fatty acid", "entity_type": "chemical compound", "pos": [73, 83]}, {"entity": "Acetyl-CoA carboxylase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [107, 129]}, {"entity": "carnitine acyltransferase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [132, 157]}, {"entity": "AMP-activated protein kinase", "entity_type": "enzyme", "pos": [160, 188]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "The main stadium of the city is the Kaftanzoglio Stadium ( also home ground of Iraklis FC ) , while other main stadiums of the city include the football Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium and Toumba Stadium home grounds of Aris F.C. and PAOK F.C. , respectively , all of whom are founding members of the Greek league .", "entity": [{"entity": "Kaftanzoglio Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [36, 56]}, {"entity": "Iraklis FC", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [79, 89]}, {"entity": "Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [153, 180]}, {"entity": "Toumba Stadium", "entity_type": "location", "pos": [185, 199]}, {"entity": "Aris F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [216, 225]}, {"entity": "PAOK F.C.", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [230, 239]}, {"entity": "Greek league", "entity_type": "else", "pos": [297, 309]}], "task": "NER"}
{"text": "Mattauch and Fritz Strassmann actively supported the proposed appointment of Lise Meitner as head of the physics department of the University of Mainz .", "entity": [{"entity": "Mattauch", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [0, 8]}, {"entity": "Fritz Strassmann", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [13, 29]}, {"entity": "Lise Meitner", "entity_type": "scientist", "pos": [77, 89]}, {"entity": "physics department of the University of Mainz", "entity_type": "organization", "pos": [105, 150]}], "task": "NER"}